COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL 2025 Annual Report on the implementation of the European Union's External Action Instruments in 2024
Date: 2025-12-03
Institutions: Directorate-General for International Partnerships, European Commission
Subjects: EU aid, EU migration policy, Russo-Ukrainian issue, activity report, common foreign and security policy, development policy, humanitarian aid, international cooperation, the EU's international role, twin transition

EN 

  EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 3.12.2025  SWD(2025) 390 final  COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT   Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL 2025 Annual Report on the implementation of the European Union's External Action Instruments in 2024 {COM(2025) 741 final}  
 
 
Table of contents 
1. Introduction: EU response to world developments in 2024 ...................................................................... 5 

1.1. 

1.2. 

1.3. 

1.4. 

1.5. 

1.6. 

1.7. 

1.8. 

1.9 

The  EU  response  to  Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  (including  support  for 
Ukraine and partner countries in addressing the global consequences) ....................................... 6 

EU enlargement ............................................................................................................................. 8 

European Neighbourhood Policy ................................................................................................... 9 

International Partnerships ........................................................................................................... 12 

Humanitarian aid and civil protection ......................................................................................... 14 

Security and defence ................................................................................................................... 15 

Peace, stability and conflict prevention ...................................................................................... 17 

Human rights and democracy ..................................................................................................... 19 

Support for multilateralism and addressing global challenges .................................................... 21 

2.  Delivering  on  our  commitments:  promoting  EU  values  and  interests  and  fostering  sustainable 
development globally .................................................................................................................................. 24 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

2.5. 

2.6. 

2.7. 

2.8. 

The Global Gateway strategy ...................................................................................................... 24 

‘Team Europe’ approach ............................................................................................................. 25 

Implementing  the  2030  Agenda  and  other  international  and  European  commitments  and 
policies ........................................................................................................................................ 26 

Fragility response ........................................................................................................................ 27 

Policy coherence for sustainable development ........................................................................... 28 

Development effectiveness ......................................................................................................... 28 

Support for multilateralism and addressing global challenges .................................................... 29 

European financial architecture for development (EFAD) ........................................................... 29 

2.9.  Means of implementation ........................................................................................................... 32 

2.10.  Mobilisation of the NDICI-Global Europe cushion ....................................................................... 33 

3. 

Thematic overview .............................................................................................................................. 35 

Working together towards the SDGs and results achieved with EU support ......................................... 35 

3.1.  Human development .................................................................................................................. 35 

3.1.1. SDG #1 Reduced poverty .................................................................................................... 35 

3.1.2. SDG #2 Zero hunger ............................................................................................................ 37 

3.1.3. SDG #3 Good health and well-being ................................................................................... 38 

3.1.4. SDG #4 Quality education ................................................................................................... 40 

3.1.5. SDG #5 Gender equality ...................................................................................................... 41 

3.1.6. SDG #6 Clean water and sanitation .................................................................................... 43 

i 

 
 
3.1.7. SDG #10 Reduced inequalities ............................................................................................ 45 

3.1.8. Other major achievements ................................................................................................. 46 

3.2.  Green Deal .................................................................................................................................. 47 

3.2.1. SDG #7 Affordable and clean energy .................................................................................. 47 

3.2.2. SDG #11 Sustainable cities and communities ..................................................................... 48 

3.2.3. SDG #12 Responsible consumption and production .......................................................... 49 

3.2.4. SDG #13 Climate action....................................................................................................... 50 

3.2.5. SDG #14 Life below water ................................................................................................... 51 

3.2.6. SDG #15 Life on Land .......................................................................................................... 52 

3.2.7. Other major achievements ................................................................................................. 54 

3.3. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure ............................................ 54 

3.3.1. SDG #9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure ................................................................. 54 

3.3.2. Other major achievements ................................................................................................. 56 

3.4. 

Sustainable growth and jobs ....................................................................................................... 57 

3.4.1. SDG #8 Decent work and economic growth ....................................................................... 57 

3.5.  Migration and forced displacement............................................................................................ 61 

3.5.1. SDG #10.7 Reduced inequalities ......................................................................................... 61 

3.6.  Governance, peace and security ................................................................................................. 63 

3.6.1. SDG #16 Peace, justice and strong institutions .................................................................. 63 

4.  Geographic overview ........................................................................................................................... 67 

4.1. 

Sub-Saharan Africa ...................................................................................................................... 67 

4.1.1. 

Introduction (policy developments) .............................................................................. 67 

4.1.2. 

Implementation ............................................................................................................. 69 

4.1.3. 
Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of people 
affected by conflicts and disasters ................................................................................................ 79 

4.1.4. 

Crisis response and preparedness ................................................................................. 81 

4.2. 

Asia and the Pacific ...................................................................................................................... 84 

4.2.1. 

East Asia and South Asia ................................................................................................ 84 

4.2.2. 

Central Asia ................................................................................................................... 95 

4.2.3.  Middle East/Gulf region .............................................................................................. 100 

4.2.4. 

The Pacific ................................................................................................................... 105 

4.3. 

The Americas and the Caribbean .............................................................................................. 109 

4.3.1. 

The Americas ............................................................................................................... 109 

4.3.2. 

The Caribbean ............................................................................................................. 115 

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4.4. 

EU Enlargement (Western Balkans, Türkiye, Ukraine, Republic of Moldova and Georgia) ....... 121 

4.4.1. 

Introduction (policy developments) ............................................................................ 121 

4.4.2. 

Implementation ........................................................................................................... 123 

4.4.3. 
Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of people 
affected by conflicts and disasters .............................................................................................. 129 

4.4.4. 

Crisis response and preparedness ............................................................................... 130 

4.5. 

European Neighbourhood ......................................................................................................... 132 

4.5.1. 

European Neighbourhood East ................................................................................... 132 

4.5.2. 

European Neighbourhood South ................................................................................. 143 

4.6.  Overseas countries and territories (OCTs) ................................................................................. 153 

4.6.1. 

Introduction (policy developments) ............................................................................ 153 

4.6.2. 

Implementation ........................................................................................................... 154 

5.  Managing aid ..................................................................................................................................... 159 

5.1.  Monitoring, reporting and evaluation ....................................................................................... 159 

5.1.1. 

Reporting ..................................................................................................................... 159 

5.1.2.  Monitoring systems ..................................................................................................... 160 

5.1.3. 

Reporting on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ................................................. 160 

5.1.4. 

Evaluation – review of the work programme .............................................................. 164 

5.1.5. 

Lessons learned ........................................................................................................... 165 

5.2. 

Aid delivery modalities .............................................................................................................. 167 

5.2.1. 

Budget Support ........................................................................................................... 167 

5.2.2. 

Blending ....................................................................................................................... 172 

5.2.3. 

EFSD+, EU budget guarantees ..................................................................................... 174 

5.2.4. 

Technical assistance .................................................................................................... 175 

5.2.5. 

Twinning and TAIEX ..................................................................................................... 175 

5.3.  Non-programmable funds – rapid response ............................................................................. 176 

5.3.1. 

Crisis response ............................................................................................................. 176 

5.3.2. 

Resilience ..................................................................................................................... 177 

5.3.3. 

Foreign policy needs .................................................................................................... 177 

5.4. 

Improving ways of working........................................................................................................ 178 

5.4.1. 

Simplifying procedures ................................................................................................ 178 

5.5. 

Communication & transparency ................................................................................................ 179 

5.5.1. 

Communication ........................................................................................................... 179 

5.5.2. 

Transparency ............................................................................................................... 182 

iii 

 
 
5.5.3. 

Learning ....................................................................................................................... 182 

6. Results annexes ..................................................................................................................................... 184 

6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 184 

6.1.1.  Methodological  basis  for  selected  results  reported  against  the  Global  Europe  Results 
Framework, the EU Results Framework, the IPA III Results Framework and the IPA Performance 
Framework .................................................................................................................................. 184 

6.1.2. Structure of the corporate results framework ................................................................. 185 

6.2. Level 2 indicators: Reporting on partner country results supported by the EU (EU RF, IPA PF 

and IPA III) ................................................................................................................................. 185 

6.3. Level 3: Reporting on policy mainstreaming as measured by budgetary commitments .............. 188 

6.5. Latest results .................................................................................................................................. 188 

6.6. Results of the implementation of the Gender Action Plan III ........................................................ 190 

7.  Budget Support Annexes .................................................................................................................. 194 

8. 

Financial Annexes .............................................................................................................................. 199 

8.1. 

EU external assistance in 2024 ................................................................................................. 199 

8.1.1. 

Introduction to financial tables ................................................................................... 199 

8.1.2.  

Financial tables ............................................................................................................ 201 

9. 

Financing and investment operations covered by the EFSD+ external action guarantee ................ 336 

Table of abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 354 

iv 

 
 
1. Introduction: EU response to world developments in 2024 

The world is in the midst of profound redefinitions. Some  nations, such as Russia and Iran, seek to 
impose  their  influence  through  sheer  force,  while  others,  like  China,  leverage  economic  power  to 
reshape  global  dynamics.  The  United  States  is  re-evaluating  its  role  on  the  world  stage,  while 
emerging powers assert themselves with increasing confidence. 

This  shifting  landscape  marks  a  transition  from  cooperation  to  competition,  leading  to  the 
proliferation of conflicts and the normalisation of force as a means of achieving political objectives. 
From  Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  to  conflicts  in  the  Middle  East  and  the  eastern 
Democratic Republic of the Congo, the erosion of commitments to peace and security is evident. 

Against  this  background,  the  EU  too  is  redefining  itself.  More  than  ever,  the  focus  has  been  on 
supporting  Ukraine  and  strengthening  European  defence.  Investment  in  defence  and  security 
capacities and policies have increased. The EU has also been proactive in trying to prevent conflicts 
from  festering  in  its  neighbourhood,  from  the  Caucasus  to  the  Middle  East,  the  Red  Sea,  Sudan, 
Libya and the Sahel. 

Security  has  also  always  been  about  the  economic  security.  Even  more  so  today,  with  increasing 
weaponisation of interdependence, such as the Russian use of the energy dependence. The EU has 
taken action to secure its supply chains, de-risking, reducing its vulnerabilities and strengthening its 
resilience while increasing its competitiveness. Moreover, security is also about hybrid threats to our 
societies:  threats  against  physical  critical  infrastructure,  cybersecurity  threats,  foreign  interference 
and  manipulation  of  information.  The  EU  has  begun  to  work  to  strengthen  its  preparedness,  in  a 
whole-of-government-and-society  approach,  in  particular  in  view  of  the  European  defence, 
preparedness and foreign economic strategies. 

The EU increasingly stands out as the main protector and supporter of multilateralism and the rules-
based international order in the face of repeated violations of the UN Charter and international law. 
Russia’s actions in Ukraine are a direct attack on the principles of sovereignty and international law, 
undermining global stability with consequences that extend far beyond Europe. The ripple effects of 
such contestation reach nations across the world, particularly in the ‘Global South’. 

To push back against revisionism, the EU has acknowledged the need for change and has a strategic 
interest  in  reducing  polarisation,  while  advancing  a  positive  global  agenda.  Reform  is  not  just  an 
aspiration but a necessity. The successful adoption of the UN Pact for the Future at the UN General 
Assembly  in  September  2024  demonstrated  the  EU’s  capacity  to  drive  meaningful  change  when 
acting in unity. 

But our stability and security require more. The EU has made efforts to invest better in its alliances 
and partnerships. We need to explore new ways to strengthen international trade and investment; 
to expand our defence and security partnerships; to increase connectivity partnerships; and to use 
instruments such as the Global Gateway more effectively. 

Finally, an indispensable condition for achieving these objectives is to keep ensuring and expanding 
the EU’s global presence and action, through the work of the EU Delegations and working together 
with all EU institutions and EU Member States in a ‘Team Europe’ spirit. 

5 

 
 
The  EU  response  to  Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  (including 

1.1. 
support for Ukraine and partner countries in addressing the global consequences) 

During  2024,  the  EU  continued  to  give  Ukraine  unprecedented  political,  financial,  economic, 
humanitarian, legal and military  support  while  deploying sanctions to further weaken Russia’s war 
machine. With the Ukraine Facility, the EU has ensured stable, regular and predictable support for 
Ukraine  for the  next  four years.  The  Ukraine  Plan  is  Ukraine’s  reform  and  investment  strategy  for 
2024-2027,  paving  the  way  for  regular,  quarterly  payments  under  the  Facility  subject  to  Ukraine 
meeting pre-agreed requirements. 

The  Commission  has  set  up  the  Ukraine  Facility  –  allowing  the  EU  to  provide  Ukraine  with  up  to 
EUR 50 billion of support for 2024-2027 to assist it in its recovery, reconstruction and modernisation, 
in line with its EU path. In 2024, a total of EUR 19.6 billion has been mobilised under the three pillars 
of  the  Facility,  of  which  EUR 16.4 billion  was  disbursed.  As  part  of  the  Facility’s  second  pillar,  the 
Ukraine Investment Framework, the first grant and guarantee agreements – worth EUR 1.4 billion – 
were signed in June at the Ukraine Recovery Conference in Berlin to support Ukraine’s recovery and 
attract private-sector investment. They will focus on repairing, rehabilitating and developing energy 
and transport infrastructure, supporting municipalities, and improving access to finance for small to 
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). 

In July 2024, the EU made available to Ukraine the first payment of EUR 1.5 billion generated from 
immobilised Russian assets (EUR 1.4 billion for military support, and EUR 100 million for the Ukraine 
Facility, mostly for urgent energy needs). 

Since  2022,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  have  also  provided  over  EUR 47.3 billion  of  military 
support, of which EUR 6.1 billion was provided via the European Peace Facility. EU humanitarian and 
civil  protection  assistance  helped  alleviate  the  suffering  of  the  Ukrainian  population  and  made  it 
possible  to  restore  vital  physical  infrastructure.  Since  the  beginning  of  the  full-scale  invasion,  the 
Commission  has  allocated  EUR 1.09 billion  for  humanitarian  aid  programmes  in  Ukraine  to  be 
implemented  by  partners  on  the  ground.  In  2024,  the  Commission  allocated  EUR 165 million  in 
humanitarian  aid  for  Ukraine.  The  EU  continued  to  deploy  the  largest,  longest  and  most  complex 
Union Civil Protection Mechanism operation in its history  and extended the  Temporary Protection 
Directive for people fleeing the war until March 2026. The EU has made available EUR 17 billion to 
host refugees in its Member States. 

Since  its  creation  in  December  2022  by  G7  leaders,  the  Ukraine  Donor  Platform  has  decisively 
expanded and strengthened multilateral coordination in support of Ukraine. With the Commission as 
one of the co-chairs, the platform has supported Ukraine’s budgetary stability, catalysed its recovery 
and  reconstruction  efforts  and  facilitated  key  reforms  essential  for  the  country’s  economic 
prosperity and its EU accession path. 

The 27 EU Member States have acted to isolate Russia politically and economically. In 2024, the EU 
adopted three additional packages of sanctions against Russia and cracked down on circumvention. 
By  the  end  of  the  year,  the  EU  had  adopted  a  total  of  15  packages  of  sanctions.  On  individual 
sanctions,  the  measures  consist  of  travel  bans  and  financial  measures  (asset  freezes  and  a 
prohibition  on  making  funds  or  economic  resources  available)  with  over  2 300  listings  (individuals 
and  entities)  in  total.  In  December,  the  Council  adopted  Council  Conclusions(1)  on  global  food 

1  Council  Conclusions  16901/24,  16 December 2024.  https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16901-2024-
INIT/en/pdf 

6 

 
 
 
security and nutrition that condemned Russia’s weaponisation of food and deliberate destruction of 
agricultural 
information 
manipulation  and  interference.  The  Council  reasserted  its  unwavering  support  for  Ukraine  for  as 
long as it takes. 

importance  of  countering  Russia’s 

infrastructure,  and  stressed  the 

The  Solidarity  Lanes  were  set  up  in  May  2022  to  ensure  that  Ukraine  can  export  grain  and  other 
agricultural and non-agricultural products, as well as import the goods it needs, from humanitarian 
aid  to  animal  feed and  fertilisers.  Over  EUR 2  billion  has  been mobilised to  scale  up the  Solidarity 
Lanes,  of  which  EUR  1.5  billion  originate  from  the  Connecting  Europe  Facility  (CEF)  Transport. 
According to the Ukrainian customs registers, the total value of trade via the Solidarity Lanes since 
May  2022  is EUR 219 billion,  including  around EUR 63 billion  in  Ukrainian  exports.  To maintain  the 
stability  of  trade  and  keep  the  economy  afloat,  in  June  2022,  the  EU  fully  liberalised  trade  with 
Ukraine, suspending import duties, quotas and trade defence measures for imports to the EU on a 
temporary basis. In 2024, Ukraine dispatched 500 metric tons of wheat flour to Syria as part of the 
‘Grain  from  Ukraine’  humanitarian  initiative.  To  maintain  the  stability  of  trade  and  keep  the 
economy afloat, in June 2022 the EU fully liberalised trade with Ukraine, suspending import duties, 
quotas and trade defence measures for imports to the EU on a temporary basis. These autonomous 
trade measures  have been extended until June  2025. The measures enabled support for Ukraine’s 
economy to the tune of EUR 2 billion per year in additional export revenue. 

Significant support was also provided to Ukraine as part of the international actions of the Erasmus+ 
programme.  Since  the  start  of  the  war,  Erasmus+  has  helped  print  over  1.5 million  textbooks, 
ensuring  that  children  in  schools  across  Ukraine  have  continued  access  to  essential  learning 
materials.  Furthermore,  since  2021,  Erasmus+  has  funded  more  than  17 000  Ukrainians  (students 
and staff) in higher education mobility, allowing them to continue their education, collaborate with 
European peers, and improve their prospects for a better future. 

Under the European Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation (INSC), the  EU also participated in 
several  nuclear  safety-related  activities  including  rebuilding  and  restoring  Ukraine’s  nuclear  and 
radiation  protection  infrastructure.  Despite  the  challenging  conditions  caused  by  the  war,  the 
programmes  funded  in  Ukraine  have  progressed  without  interruption.  For  instance,  the  EU 
contributed  to  the  International  Chernobyl  Cooperation  Account,  managed  by  the  European  Bank 
for  Reconstruction  and  Development,  to  support  continued  infrastructure  development  at  the 
Chornobyl  nuclear  power  plant  and  to  procure  firefighting  equipment  and  vehicles  for  the  safe 
management  of  radioactive  waste  in the  Chornobyl exclusion  zone. Through  the  Common  Foreign 
and  Security  Policy  (CFSP)  budget(2),  the  EU  also  contributed  to  the  financing  of  the  International 
Atomic Energy Agency with expert missions to Ukrainian nuclear facilities, including the permanent 
mission to the temporarily occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. 

The  European  Union  Advisory  Mission  for  Ukraine  (EUAM  Ukraine)  supported  the  Ukrainian 
authorities  in:  (i) implementing  reforms  across  the  civilian  security  sector;  (ii)  smoothly  re-
establishing Ukrainian government functions and the rule of law in liberated and adjacent territories; 
(iii)  developing  effective  capacities  and  capabilities  for  Ukraine’s 
integrated  state  border 
management; and (iv) investigating and prosecuting international crimes. The  planned EU financial 

2 International  Atomic Energy Agency  expert missions to Ukrainian nuclear facilities are  financed  under Council Decision 
(CFSP) 2024/656 of 19 February 2024 on Union support for the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the 
area of nuclear security. 

7 

 
 
 
contribution for the period from 1 June 2024 to 31 May 2027 amounts to EUR 122.9 million, out of 
which EUR 40.2 million was committed in 2024. 

1.2. 

EU enlargement 

Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has changed the course of European history. The EU has 
responded  with  unprecedented  strength  and  unity.  In  her  political  guidelines  for  the  2024-2029 
Commission  term  of  office,  President  von  der  Leyen  stressed  enlargement  as  a  geopolitical 
imperative and overall top priority as each new Member State not only makes Europe more secure, 
but  also  strengthens  its  economy,  creating  growth  and  jobs  that  improve  the  lives  of  millions  of 
people. 

2024 marked the 20th anniversary of the 2004 EU enlargement, the largest in its history so far. This 
was  an  occasion  for  the  EU  to  look  back  and  reflect  on  the  benefits  of  enlargement  both  for  the 
countries that joined the EU in 2004 and for the EU as a whole. 

On  30 October  2024,  the  European  Commission  adopted  the  2024  Enlargement  Package(3).  As  in 
previous  years,  the  Commission  took  stock  of  developments  since  the  previous  Enlargement 
Package,  adopted  in  November  2023.  It  examined  the  progress  made  by  all  10  enlargement 
partners,  the  challenges  encountered  and  reforms  to  be  addressed,  and  set  out  conclusions  and 
recommendations for the period ahead. 

Since  2024,  Albania,  Serbia,  North Macedonia, and  Montenegro  have  been  included  in  the  annual 
rule  of  law  report(4)  alongside  Member  States,  as  part  of  the  gradual  integration  objective  for  the 
Western Balkans. This inclusion demonstrates the EU’s continued monitoring of and support for the 
consolidation of democracy, rule of law, and fundamental rights in enlargement countries. 

In  2024,  several  milestones  were  reached  in  the  area  of  enlargement,  including  the  opening  of 
accession  negotiations  with  Ukraine  and  Republic  of  Moldova  (hereinafter  Moldova)  with  the  first 
intergovernmental conferences in June, and the decision by the European Council to open accession 
negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina. There was also significant progress in negotiations with 
Montenegro, as the country fulfilled all interim benchmarks for the rule of law chapters (Chapters 23 
and 24), which also paved the way for the closure of three chapters (Chapter 7: Intellectual Property 
Law, Chapter 10: Information Society and Media, and Chapter 20: Enterprise and Industrial Policy) in 
December  2024.  Two  clusters  (Cluster  1:  Fundamentals  and  Cluster  6:  External  Relations)  were 
opened with Albania in October 2024 and December 2024, respectively. 

The Commission is helping enlargement partners achieve socio-economic convergence with the EU 
even faster, enabling them to reap some of the benefits of accession prior to full EU membership. To 
this  end,  the  Commission  has  adapted  and  improved  its  toolkit  and  instruments  by  introducing 
better  measures  for  gradual  integration.  The  EUR 50 billion  Ukraine  Facility  and  the  EUR 6 billion 
Reform  and  Growth  Facility  of  the  Growth  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans  have  been  adopted  and 
their implementation is in full swing. The Growth Plan for Moldova was proposed by the Commission 
in 2024, and the associated EUR 1.9 billion Reform and Growth Facility is being finalised. 

3 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement Policy - European Commission 
4 2024 Rule of Law Report - European Commission 

8 

 
 
 
Türkiye  is  a  partner  of  strategic  importance  for  the  EU  and  a  candidate  country.  Both  the  EU  and 
Türkiye pursue re-engagement in areas of mutual interest, in line with the recommendations of the 
Joint Communication on EU-Türkiye relations(5) and the relevant European Council Conclusions(6). 

In  addition,  the  EU  continued  supporting  candidate  countries’  efforts  to  align  their  national 
legislation with the EU acquis through instruments like TAIEX (Technical Assistance and Information 
Exchange) and Twinning. 

The  international  dimension  of  Erasmus+  can  play  a  key  role  for  candidate  countries  to  progress 
towards EU education, training, youth and sports standards and can help in closely associating them 
to  policy  developments  in  these  areas,  as  these  countries  also  face  similar  challenges  as  the  EU 
Member States. 

In parallel, the EU is preparing for the prospects of an enlarged EU. As such, the Communication on 
pre-enlargement  reforms  and  policy  reviews(7)  was  adopted  in  March  2024.  It  looks  at  the 
implications of a larger EU in four main areas: values, policies, budget and governance. Further work 
is being carried out on this. 

1.3. 

European Neighbourhood Policy 

Against  the  background  of  Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine,  the  EU  continued  to  assist 
countries  in  its  neighbourhood  in  tackling  the  causes  of  instability.  In  2024,  the  European 
Neighbourhood  Policy  (ENP)  mobilised  significant  political  and  financial  support  for  its  four 
priorities(8). 

Eastern Partnership 

The Eastern Partnership (EaP) has continued to deliver tangible results, positively impacting people’s 
lives.  At  the  December  2023  ministerial  meeting,  Member  States  and  partners  reaffirmed  their 
commitment  to  the  EaP  as  a  key  framework  for  addressing  shared  challenges  and  promoting 
common interests. In order to achieve this in the unprecedented geopolitical turmoil in the region, 
the  EaP  has  adapted  to  become  more  flexible,  strategic  and  focused.  Intensified  engagement  is 
ongoing  on  connectivity,  good  governance,  civil  society,  security,  green  and  digital  transitions  and 
energy. Complementarity with regional and bilateral activities and the enlargement policy has been 
prioritised. 

Throughout  the  year,  implementation  of  the  Global  Gateway  strategy  through  the  Economic  and 
Investment  Plan  continued,  supporting  our  Eastern  partners  in  their  efforts  to  stabilise  their 
economies and delivering on the connectivity and Green Deal agendas. Since the launch of the plan, 
the  EU  has  unlocked  EUR 13.9 billion  of  investments  in  the  EaP  region  through  its  bilateral 
cooperation, its financial guarantee and its blending projects. 

The  EU  increased  its  cooperation  with  Armenia  on  its  ambitious  reform  agenda  and  the 
implementation  of  the  Comprehensive  and  Enhanced  Partnership  Agreement  by  preparing  a  new 

5 JOIN(2023) 50 final, 29 November 2023. https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/joint-communication-european-council-state-
play-eu-turkiye-political-economic-and-trade-relations-0_en 
6 Council Conclusions EUCO 12/24, 18 April 2024. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/m5jlwe0p/euco-conclusions-
20240417-18-en.pdf 
7  COM(2024)  146  final,  20 March 2024.  https://commission.europa.eu/publications/communication-pre-enlargement-
reforms-and-policy-reviews_en 
8  The  ENP’s  priority  areas  are:  (i)  good  governance,  democracy,  human  rights  and  the  rule  of  law;  (ii)  economic 
development for stabilisation; (iii) security; and (iv) migration and mobility. 

9 

 
 
 
EU-Armenia  Partnership  Agenda.  This  will  be  underpinned  by  a  EUR 270 million  resilience  and 
growth plan providing grants and investments as announced by President von der Leyen in April. 

Engagement with Azerbaijan has focused on pursuing a positive cooperation agenda in the areas of 
mutual  interest.  The  EU-Azerbaijan  Partnership  Priorities,  the  main  strategic  framework  for  EU-
Azerbaijan  cooperation,  expired  at  the  end  of  2024.  The  EU  remains  committed  to  continue 
negotiating  a  new  comprehensive  agreement  to  replace  the  Partnership  and  Cooperation 
Agreement of 1999(9), which would allow for enhanced cooperation in a wide range of areas. 

In light of the regime’s involvement in Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and in light of the 
European  Council  Conclusions  of  February  2022(10),  the  EU  has  stopped  engaging  with  Belarusian 
authorities and is targeting its support at the people of Belarus. 

The  European  Council,  at  its  meeting  in  December  and  recalling  its  conclusions  from  June(11)  and 
October(12), expressed its serious concern over developments in Georgia that led to a de facto halt in 
the  accession  process.  The  Commission’s  enlargement  report  published  in  October(13)  also 
highlighted  backsliding  on  disinformation,  on  polarisation,  on  fundamental  rights  and  on 
involvement  of  civil  society  organisations  (CSOs).  In  November,  the  Georgian  authorities  also 
announced  the  decision  not  to  proceed with the  enlargement  process  and  to  reject  EU  budgetary 
grants until the end of 2028. 

Relations  and  development  cooperation  with  Moldova  further  intensified  in  2024  thanks  to  the 
country’s  efforts  to  advance  on  its  EU  integration  path,  leading  to  the  opening  of  accession 
negotiations  on  25 June.  To  provide  a  new  impetus  to  Moldova’s  economy  and  society,  the  EU  is 
currently  developing  the  Growth  Plan  for  Moldova,  designed  to  accelerate  socio-economic  and 
fundamental  reforms,  improve  access  to  the  EU  single  market  and  increase  financial  assistance 
through  a  dedicated  Reform  and  Growth  Facility.  Moldova  has  also  demonstrated  resilience  while 
continuing  to  cope  with  the  unprecedented  challenges  resulting  from  Russia’s  war  of  aggression 
against  Ukraine  and  intensified  hybrid  actions  by  Russia  and  its  proxies  seeking  to  destabilise  the 
country. 

Southern Neighbourhood 

In  the  Southern  Neighbourhood,  the  Gaza  conflict  and  its  spillover  effects  added  to  the  region’s 
political,  social  and  economic  instability.  The  EU mobilised  additional  resources  to  respond  to  this 
situation.  It  provided  emergency  financing  to  the  Palestinian  Authority,  while  at  the  same  time 
agreeing  with  the  Palestinian  Authority  on  a  comprehensive  package  thoroughly  addressing  the 
critical  budgetary  and  fiscal  situation.  For  Jordan,  the  Commission  proposed  a  macro-financial 
assistance  package  worth  up  to  EUR 500 million  in  April  and  started  to  work  on  a  Comprehensive 
and  Strategic Partnership Agreement  in  the  second half  of  2024,  while  for Lebanon,  the  President 
von der Leyen announced a EUR 1 billion financial assistance package in May. 

The  Eighth  Brussels  Conference  on  supporting  the  future  of  Syria  and  the  region  raised  a  total 
amount of EUR 7.5 billion in pledges, including EUR 2.12 billion from the EU and its Member States 

9 OJ L 246, 17 September 1999. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/1999/614/oj/eng 
10 Council Conclusions EUCO 18/22, 24 February 2022. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54495/st00018-en22.pdf 
11  Council  Conclusions  EUCO  15/24,  27 June  2024.  https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/qa3lblga/euco-conclusions-
27062024-en.pdf 
12 Council Conclusions EUCO 25/24, 17 October 2024. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/2pebccz2/20241017-euco-
conclusions-en.pdf 
13 COM(2024) 690 final, 30 October 2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2024:690:FIN 

10 

 
 
 
for  2024  and  2025. At  the  end  of  2024,  Syria’s  political  landscape  witnessed  a  dramatic  shift, 
culminating in the fall of the Assad regime. The new Syrian leadership has been focusing on securing 
legitimacy both domestically  and internationally, as it takes steps to stabilise the  country. Security 
remains a critical concern following the regime’s collapse. While the 2024 special measure for Syria 
was still adopted in line with the 2018 Council Conclusions, the special measures for Lebanon (2024-
2025) and Jordan (2024) were adopted to continue supporting hosting  countries for the benefit of 
refugees, vulnerable hosting communities and populations in Syria, while also helping to create the 
conditions for a safe, dignified and voluntary return. 

In March, the EU and Egypt agreed on a comprehensive and strategic partnership covering political 
relations,  macroeconomic  stability,  sustainable 
investment,  and  trade.  In  June,  a  strategic 
partnership,  specifically on  energy  including  renewables,  was  signed with  Tunisia.  In  addition,  two 
association committees were held with Egypt (January) and Jordan (July). 

Despite the overall complex situation in the region, the EU continued to roll out the Economic and 
Investment  Plan  (EIP)  of  the  Joint  Communication  on  a  renewed  partnership  with  the  Southern 
Neighbourhood  (February  2021).  Since  2021,  the  EU  has  implemented  the  EIP,  committing 
EUR 5.7 billion  in  grants  for  the  region,  with  an  estimated  EUR 26.6 billion  in  investments  to  be 
mobilised  by  blending  grants  with  concessional  loans  in  the  clean  energy,  water  and  sanitation, 
education and digital sectors. 

EU regional cooperation and policy dialogue in the  Southern Neighbourhood continued to support 
socio-economic development and regional integration. The EU also continued to support dedicated 
regional dialogue formats and forums, in particular the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) and the 
Anna Lindh Foundation. 

The ninth UfM Regional Forum (Ministers of Foreign Affairs) took place on 28 October. The Forum 
discussed  the  critical  situation  in  the  Middle  East  and  reform  of  the  UfM,  and  requested  the 
preparation of a new vision and strategy document for the organisation. 

Institution building 

The  Commission’s  institution-building  instruments  TAIEX  (Technical  Assistance  and  Information 
Exchange) and Twinning, contributed to the overall reform process in the European Neighbourhood 
in line with EU political priorities – in particular the green and digital transitions – and the regional 
EIP, through high-level flagship events. 

In 2024, 181 events were held for the Eastern Neighbourhood, involving 9 133 participants from the 
region, with most events being organised in Ukraine and Moldova. For the Southern Neighbourhood, 
49  events  were  held,  involving  1 299  participants  from  the  region,  including  in  Libya  with  support 
from Italy. 

In 2024, the Twinning instrument continued to support Ukraine and Moldova as well as Algeria, with 
France having been involved in the support for Algeria. 

11 

 
 
1.4. 

International Partnerships 

In 2024, amid multiple overlapping crises, geopolitical shifts and further strains on multilateralism, 
the EU redoubled its efforts to strengthen its international partnerships with key partners through 
the Global Gateway strategy(14). 

Thanks  to  this  strategy,  the  EU,  its  Member  States,  development  banks  and  European  financing 
institutions aim to mobilise roughly EUR 300 billion in investments by 2027 to shape a fairer, more 
resilient,  and  sustainable  world.  Significant  progress  was  achieved  with  over  250  flagship  projects 
deployed across all continents. 

The mid-term review(15) of the programming of the Neighbourhood, Development and International 
Cooperation  Instrument  (NDICI)  –  Global  Europe  instrument  for  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  Asia  and  the 
Pacific,  the  Americas  and  the  Caribbean,  the  external  dimension  of  Erasmus+  and  thematic 
programmes(16) was concluded in October 2024(17). Where needed, the initiatives were adjusted to 
changing  priorities,  needs  and  challenges  to  ensure  that  the  EU  can  continue  to  deliver  amidst 
increasing  global  competition.  The  mid-term  review  of  the  programmes  for  2021-2027  will  boost 
Global  Gateway’s  roll-out,  in  particular  through  dedicated  support  for  investment  envelope 
programmes. 

In 2024, the Commission stepped up its engagement with the EU private sector to implement Global 
Gateway and  to  raise  awareness of  the  strategy’s opportunities  for  companies  –  including  SMEs  – 
across the EU and partner countries. The EU organised outreach events in EU capitals and in partner 
countries through high-level joint missions and 13 EU business forums. 

In  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  2024  saw  the  launch  of  transformational  Global  Gateway  flagships  across 
several priority areas, ranging from education and digitalisation to vaccine production and restoring 
ecosystems, illustrated in the Joint EU-African Union report published in October. 

The  EU  continued  to  scale  up  its  Global  Gateway  Investment  Agenda  in  Latin  America  and  the 
Caribbean and to deepen its partnerships in Asia and the Pacific. Global Gateway projects will help 
address regions’ infrastructure, transport and climate adaptation needs, and the digital and energy 
transitions,  while  bolstering  the  health,  education  and  research  sectors.  The  projects  create  local 
added  value,  increase  engagement  with  the  private  sector,  and  promote  sustainable  growth,  jobs 
creation  and  social  cohesion.  Examples  include  projects  to  improve  Hanoi’s  sustainable  urban 
transport  system,  mobilising  EUR 10 billion  in  public  and  private  pledges  for  the  Trans-Caspian 
Transport  Corridor,  and  to  boost  sustainable  trade  and  investments  in  the  agri-forestry  sectors  of 
Laos People's Democratic Republic,. 

The Samoa Agreement between the EU and the members of the Organisation of African, Caribbean 
and Pacific States was provisionally applied from 1 January 2024. 

The EU also signed cooperation agreements with the  and stepped up its strategic engagement with 
Greenland by setting up an EU Office in Nuuk. 

14 https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/global-gateway_en 
15 Register of Commission Documents - COM(2024)208 ; Register of Commission Documents - SWD(2024)133 
16 Civil society organisations; human rights and democracy; global challenges; and peace, stability and conflict prevention. 
17 Related commission decisions are available here: ‘Global Europe - Programming - European Commission’. The mid-term 
review of the Neighbourhood programmes was concluded in the summer of 2025. 

12 

 
 
 
The  EU  continued  to  engage  in  conflict  areas,  fragile  countries,  and  other  complex  settings.  Least 
developed countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and the Americas and the Caribbean 
will continue to receive more  than two thirds of the NDICI-Global Europe  country allocations over 
2025-2027. The EU also increased its engagement with partner countries on migration management, 
including on addressing the root causes of migration. 

In terms of public finance, the EU and its Member States collectively remained the largest provider 
of official development assistance (ODA) with EUR 88.7 billion in 2024, accounting for 42% of global 
ODA(18) (0.50% of gross national income) based on preliminary OECD data. 

The EU also continued to be the world’s biggest contributor to Aid for Trade with EUR 22.2 billion(19), 
amounting to 36% of all Aid for Trade given. 

The  EU  remained  at  the  forefront  of  efforts  to  advance  the  UN  Sustainable  Development  Goals 
(SDGs) and to meet the Paris Agreement’s targets – Global Gateway is the EU’s external contribution 
to all 17 SDGs while addressing interlinkages and synergies across various priority areas. 

In  this  regard,  the  global  energy  transition,  tackling  climate  change,  and  protecting  biodiversity 
continued to be key priorities in 2024. The EU and its Member States remained the world’s largest 
provider of public international climate finance in 2023(20). At the UN Biodiversity Conference in Cali, 
Colombia,  the  EU  unveiled  new  initiatives  worth  close  to  EUR 160 million  to  support  partner 
countries and safeguard biodiversity globally. 

In  terms  of  human  development,  it  is  still  a  key  EU  objective  to  address  public  health  issues  and 
strengthen  global  health  systems  and  governance,  including  social  protection  and  assistance.  In 
2024, for example, the Commission pledged additional funds to Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. The EU is 
also  positioned  as  an  education  champion.  At  the  Global  Gateway  High-Level  Event  on  Education 
that  took  place 
in  April  2024,  the  EU  signed  country  and  regional  programmes  worth 
EUR 245 million. 

Moreover, the EU continued to support the protection and promotion of human rights, including of 
gender equality, intersectional discrimination, diversity and democracy. In line with the Action Plan 
on gender equality and women’s empowerment in external action (GAP III), the number of external 
actions with gender equality as a principal or significant objective(21) has increased significantly: from 
64.71% in 2019 to 82% in 2024. 

The  EU  continued  to  deploy  a  new  approach  to  strategic  communication  and  public  diplomacy, 
focusing on the roll-out of Global Gateway flagships. The Commission, together with the Republic of 
South Africa and the advocacy group Global Citizen, also launched the global campaign ‘Scaling up 
Renewables 
in  Africa,  building  on  the 
EUR 150 billion Africa-Europe Global Gateway Investment Package. 

in  Africa’  to  mobilise 

in  renewables 

investments 

18 Global ODA is defined here as including the ODA reported by the EU collectively and all other donor countries. 
19 In 2022, which are the latest official figures. These are collected from OECD sources that have a two-year lag. 
20 Latest available data. Next figures will be available at the end of 2025. 
21 The Commission applies the OECD DAC gender equality marker methodology. Significant (marked G1) means that gender 
equality  is  a  significant  objective,  but  not  the  principal  reason  for  undertaking  the  action,  while  principal  (marked  G2) 
means  that  gender  equality  is  the  main  objective.  For  humanitarian  aid,  the  Commission  applies  its  own  humanitarian 
Gender-Age Marker. 

13 

 
 
 
1.5.  Humanitarian aid and civil protection 

In  2024,  EU  humanitarian aid  provided  needs-based,  principled  emergency  assistance  and  disaster 
preparedness  support  to  people  in  116  countries  worldwide,  targeting  the  most  vulnerable  hit  by 
human-induced disasters and the impact of natural hazards. Together, the EU and its Member States 
are one of the world’s major humanitarian aid donors, providing around 27.4% of the global share of 
committed  humanitarian  aid  contributions,  following  the  humanitarian  principles  of  impartiality, 
independence.  The  annual  budget  exceeded 
neutrality,  humanity,  non-discrimination  and 
EUR 2.48 billion  in  2024,  enabling  the  EU  to  both  intervene  in  large-scale  humanitarian  crises  – 
including  in  Ukraine,  Palestine()  and  Sudan  –  and  designate 22%  of  its  initial budget  to  forgotten 
crises, i.e. those of severe and protracted character where the level of international aid to affected 
populations is insufficient, such as in the Philippines, Haiti and Mozambique, or the Sahrawi crisis. 

Owing to the strong operational knowledge and technical expertise of its unique network of over 40 
humanitarian  field  offices,  the  EU  was  able  to  assist  more  than  259  million  people  in  2024(22). 
Emergency  assistance  and  disaster  preparedness  were  delivered  together  with  a  range  of 
humanitarian  partners  including  the  UN  agencies,  the  International  Red  Cross  and  Red  Crescent 
Movement and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), even in the most difficult-to-
reach areas. 

In addition to humanitarian funding, the Commission deployed its in-house emergency humanitarian 
response  tools  such  as  the  European  Humanitarian  Response  Capacity  (EHRC).  In  2024,  the  EHRC 
responded to 16 crises affecting 17 countries, deploying its range of transportation services including 
chartered flights, and a variety of logistics services. A total of 5 319 metric tonnes of humanitarian 
aid  material  was  shipped  via  97  chartered  flights,  sea,  and  land  transportation  through  the  EHRC. 
The  Commission  also  mobilised  EUR 38.9 million  from  its  emergency  funding  tool,  the  Emergency 
Toolbox,  to  provide  an  additional  financial  response  to  sudden-onset  disasters,  and  supported  the 
Disaster Response Emergency Fund of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent 
Societies with a contribution of EUR 14.5 million. 

According  to  the  Global  Humanitarian  Overview  2024  of  the  UN  Office  for  the  Coordination  of 
in  December  2024(23),  323.4 million  people  worldwide  were 
Humanitarian  Affairs,  updated 
estimated in need of humanitarian assistance and protection. According to the UN Security Council 
Annual  Report(24),  the  increasing  trend  of  grave  violations  against  children  in  situations  of  armed 
conflicts is particularly worrying. 

Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  continued  to  have  a  devastating  impact  on  more  than 
14.6 million  Ukrainians.  In  2024,  the  EU  made  EUR 165 million  available  to  address  immediate 
humanitarian  needs.  With  the  Commission,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  have  raised  more  than 
EUR 3.6 billion  since  the  beginning  of  the  war.  In  the  Gaza  Strip,  the  humanitarian  needs  in  all 

 This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 
22 Estimated number of people reached by EU-funded humanitarian assistance as reported by partners and calculated in 
DG  ECHO’s  humanitarian  data  repository  system  EVA  Actions. This  number  will  decrease  as  the  procedure  to  eliminate 
double-counting for 2024 will commence summer 2025. 
23 Crisis and Emergency Response | United Nations. 

24 https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/content/sc_annual_reports 

14 

 
 
 
sectors are massive. The entire population of Gaza (2.1 million) is exposed to security and protection 
risks.  The  Commission  has  committed  over  EUR 237 million  for  2024.  Across  Sudan,  24.6 million 
people,  over  half  the  population,  are  acutely  food-insecure,  with  famine  in  at  least  five  areas.  In 
2024, the EU allocated nearly EUR 260 million to the Sudan crisis. 

The complex crises in Myanmar, Afghanistan, Haiti, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the 
Horn  of  Africa,  and  the  protracted  crises  in  the  Sahel  region,  Yemen,  Colombia  and  Venezuela 
further underscore the dire challenges faced by vulnerable populations globally. These conflicts and 
crises are further fuelled by challenges due to climate change, fragility, failed governance, structural 
poverty, food insecurity, and continued widespread violations of international humanitarian law. 

The  Emergency  Response  Coordination  Centre  (ERCC)  continued  to  play  a  key  role  in  2024,  by 
coordinating assistance under the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM). The ERCC received and 
processed  a total of 93  requests  for  assistance  in  2024(25).  In  addition,  the  requests  for assistance 
from Ukraine were updated 34 times, with a further 21 other emergencies opened in 2022 and 2023 
that remained active during 2024. A total of 29 requests originated from non-EU countries(26), out of 
which 23 were responded to. In 2024, the UCPM responded to complex and cross-sectoral crises in 
the  Middle  East  and  to  the  Marburg  outbreak  in  Rwanda,  and  carried  out  evacuations  and 
repatriations from Haiti and Vanuatu. 

As a global actor, the EU engaged with development and peace stakeholders at all levels in 2024 to 
jointly  address  the  root  causes  of  fragility.  Through  a  new  tool,  the  Team  Europe  Humanitarian-
Development-Peace Nexus Collaborative Framework, the Commission aims to facilitate collaboration 
among EU external services at country level. It was used to strengthen humanitarian-development-
peace  nexus  processes  in  Afghanistan,  Pakistan  and  Ethiopia.  The  EU  also  continued  active 
humanitarian  advocacy  on  compliance  with  international  humanitarian  law,  humanitarian  access, 
and safeguarding principled humanitarian space, as well as policy development and dissemination at 
the  European  and  global  levels,  among others  linked  to  humanitarian  protection  and  children  and 
armed conflict. 

Finally, in 2024, the  Commission continued its work  towards achieving the priorities set out in the 
Communication on the EU’s humanitarian action(27), aiming to make the humanitarian system more 
efficient  and  impactful,  including  through  outreach  for  a  substantially  enhanced  humanitarian 
financing effort  and a better sharing of responsibility among donors, including Member States. The 
highlight  of  the  Commission  advocacy  remains  the  third  edition  of  the  European  Humanitarian 
Forum. The Forum allowed Member States – at ministerial level – along with the EU to collectively 
pledge  EUR 7.7 billion  in  support  of  humanitarian  aid  for  2024  as  a  concrete  expression  of  global 
solidarity and of the EU’s leading role in humanitarian action. 

25  The  total  number  includes  activations  both  within  and  outside  the  EU.  However,  with  the  inclusion  of  a  number  of 
participating states (including Türkiye, Ukraine, Moldova, Albania, etc.), this statistic is still relevant for the annual report. 
26 30 new requests were introduced by EU Member States or UCPM participating states. 
27 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the EU’s humanitarian action: new 
challenges, same principles. COM(2021) 110 final. 

15 

 
 
 
 
1.6. 

Security and defence 

Throughout  2024,  against the  backdrop  of  a  rapidly deteriorating  global  security environment  and 
Russia’s  continued  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine,  the  EU  remained  firmly  focused  on: 
(i) providing  increased  military  support  to  Ukraine;  (ii)  strengthening  security  and  defence 
cooperation between Member States and with partners; and (iii) building EU defence readiness and 
overall preparedness. 

As part of the EU’s response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, the EU Military Assistance 
Mission (EUMAM) had trained a total of 70 000 troops in support of the Ukrainian Armed Forces by 
the  end  of  2024.  This  came  alongside  the  efforts  of  the  EU  Advisory  Mission  (EUAM)  supporting 
reform of the Ukrainian law enforcement and security sector on the ground. 

in  November  2024.  Collectively,  the  EU  and 

The EU delivered on its three-track initiative to deliver 1 million rounds of artillery ammunition and 
missiles 
its  Member  States  provided  over 
EUR 47.3 billion worth of military support to Ukraine between 2022 and 2024. While work is ongoing 
to  mobilise  an  additional  EUR 6.6 billion  under  the  European  Peace  Facility  (EPF),  the  EPF 
successfully  channelled  revenues  from  immobilised  Russian  Central  Bank  assets  towards  military 
support for Ukraine. EPF support  for partner countries  other than Ukraine  continued to expand in 
2024, including to new partners such as Côte d’Ivoire, Congo, Kenya, Egypt, Albania and Armenia. 

In  2024,  the  EU maintained  a  strong commitment  to  promoting  peace  and  security  through  its 12 
common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions and operations. In early 2024, the EU launched 
a  new  EU maritime  operation,  ASPIDES,  providing  a  swift  response  to  the  threat  against  maritime 
security in the Red Sea. The EU’s two civilian CSDP missions supporting the Palestinian Authority, EU 
Border Assistance Mission for the Rafah Crossing Point (EUBAM Rafah) and EUPOL COPPS, remained 
engaged  with  their  partners  in  Israel  and  Palestine**  after  the  Hamas  attacks  on  7 October 2023. 
Following the Council’s decision of May 2024, the EU started to prepare for EUBAM Rafah’s possible 
redeployment to the Rafah crossing point. The first impact evaluation for a civilian CSDP mission was 
carried out according to the methodology developed to ‘ensure the independent evaluation of the 
impact  of  civilian  CSDP  missions’,  as  requested  by  the  2023  Civilian  CSDP  Compact  commitments. 
The EU committed EUR 299 million for civilian CSDP missions under the 2024 budget, in line with the 
allocation outlined in the multiannual financial framework. 

The EU’s convening power was once more confirmed by the second edition of the Schuman Security 
and Defence  Forum in 2024. More  than 600 participants  from EU Member States and institutions, 
bilateral and international partners, as well as think tanks and academia, gathered to discuss security 
and defence challenges and global peace. 

In 2024, the EU conducted 78 thematic as well as security and defence dialogues with more than 40 
its  first  tailored  security  and  defence  partnerships 
partners.  Furthermore,  the  EU  signed 
(SDP/non-binding  instruments)  with  Moldova,  Norway,  Japan,  South  Korea,  Albania,  and  North 
Macedonia. 

The strategic partnership with NATO was strengthened, as illustrated by the close coordination on 
support for Ukraine, high-level and senior officials’ meetings, regular cross-briefings and the launch 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

16 

 
 
 
of  four  new  structured  dialogues  on  emerging  and  disruptive  technologies,  climate  and  defence, 
cyber, and defence industry. 

The hybrid and cyber threat against the EU, its Member States and partners remained significant and 
diverse, stemming from both state and non-state actors. The increasing number of threat actors and 
malicious  activities,  the  deteriorating  global  security  environment  and  rising  geopolitical  tensions 
continued to undermine international security and stability. Against this background, the EU helped 
further  advance  the  international  rules-based  order  in  cyberspace,  in  particular  by  adopting  a 
Declaration on a Common Understanding of the Application of International Law  to Cyberspace  in 
November  2024(28).  The  EU  used  its  hybrid  and  cyber-diplomacy  toolboxes,  including  by  adopting 
new  packages  of  sanctions  under  the  cyber  sanctions  regime  and  creating  a  new  sanction  regime 
related  to  Russia’s  destabilising  activities  in  October  2024,  with  first  listings  already  adopted  in 
December. 

In  the  space  domain,  the  EU  High  Representative  for  Foreign  Affairs  and  Security  Policy/Vice-
President  and the European Commission focused on the  implementation of  the EU Space  Strategy 
for Security and Defence(29). The strategy contributes to strengthening the strategic posture of the 
EU as a space power. 

In  2024,  the  Counter-Terrorism  and  Security  Experts’  Network  of  the  European  External  Action 
Service (EEAS) continued to contribute to situational awareness and support impacted countries by 
strengthening  cooperation  and  building  capabilities,  also  guiding  programmatic  support.  The  EEAS 
strengthened its commitment to multilateral counterterrorism efforts through co-chairing the Global 
Counterterrorism  Forum.  In  this  role,  the  EU  played  a  pivotal  part  in  shaping  global  responses  to 
emerging  terrorist  threats,  encouraging  international  cooperation,  and  promoting  human-rights-
based approaches to counterterrorism. 

1.7. 

Peace, stability and conflict prevention 

Against  the  background  of  Russia’s  continuing  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine,  the  war  in  Gaza 
and increasing instability in the Sahel region, the EU responded to needs around the world through 
its ‘integrated approach’ to conflicts and crises. 

The NDICI-Global Europe thematic programme on peace, stability and conflict prevention continued 
to address conflict prevention and peacebuilding as well as global and trans-regional threat priorities 
in  non-EU  countries.  In  2024,  the  conflict  prevention  and  peacebuilding  area  of  work  supported 
multilateral and civil society actors in conflict settings in their work to prevent conflicts and promote 
dialogue  and  reconciliation,  including  via  innovative  approaches.  Work  in  2024  also  focused  on 
addressing regional and global threats, in particular those with the potential to have a direct impact 
on  Europe’s  security  and  well-being.  This  included  actions  to  mitigate  chemical,  biological, 
radiological  and  nuclear  risks,  improve  maritime  security  and  cybersecurity,  and  strengthen  global 
efforts against terrorism and organised crime. 

In 2024, timely crisis response actions were also launched under the rapid-response pillar of NDICI-
Global  Europe,  which  addressed  some  of  the  main  conflicts  and  post-crisis  contexts  in  the  world. 

28 Declaration 15833/24, 18 November 2024. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15833-2024-INIT/en/pdf 
29 https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eu-space-strategy-security-and-defence-0_en 

17 

 
 
 
This included Ukraine and its surrounding region, but also Palestine** and Israel, Lebanon and Syria, 
addressing both the drivers and the consequences of instability and hostilities in the region. Special 
attention was also paid to acute crises, from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Bangladesh, 
Myanmar,  Sudan,  the  Caucasus,  the  Horn  of  Africa,  the  Sahel  region  and  coastal  West  African 
countries and Haiti, amongst others. 

Significant  actions  were  launched  in  a  wide  range  of  areas,  such  as  in  conflict  prevention,  natural 
resources  management,  stabilisation,  confidence  building,  cybersecurity,  and  combating 
disinformation  and  gender-based  violence.  Actions  continued  to  support  and  complement 
multilateral  actions  and  processes,  including  CFSP  actions  across  the  world.  NDICI-Global  Europe 
emphasises  conflict  prevention  by  means  of  early  warning,  conflict-analysis  capacity  building, 
training,  and  promoting  good  governance  and  respect  for  universal  human  rights.  The  EU  also 
continued  its  long-standing  support  for  the  promotion  of  international  humanitarian  law  and  the 
protection of civilians in armed conflicts. 

Through its actions, the EU contributed to: 

conflict prevention; 

• 
•  electoral violence prevention; 
•  gender equality; 
•  mediation, dialogue and peace building; 
• 
transitional justice and accountability; 
• 
stabilisation and human security; 
• 
strengthening the rule of law; 
• 
the fight against violent extremism, stigmatisation and disinformation; and 
• 
security sector reforms. 

The EU continued to work with partner countries worldwide through long-term actions to build and 
improve capacities to tackle global and trans-regional threats. 

The EU also seeks to respond rapidly and flexibly to changing priorities and emerging threats. To this 
end,  it  seeks  to  broaden  partnerships,  promote  European  values  and  build  new  cross-regional 
alliances and project influence, thereby contributing to the security of the EU and its citizens from an 
internal and external perspective. 

In 2024, engagement with international and regional organisations remained an EU priority and was 
reflected in its sustained commitment to the rules-based multilateral order. 

The EU contributed to international peace and security also by deploying 14 civilian CSDP missions, 
which  support  security  sector  reforms,  border  management,  and  capacity  building  of  internal 
security forces in eastern Europe and the South Caucasus region, Africa (including the Sahel region), 
the  Middle  East  and  the  Western  Balkans.  In  2024,  the  mandates  of  seven  civilian  CSDP  missions 
were  renewed,  including  the  mandates  of  the  EU  Advisory  Mission  for  Civilian  Security  Sector 
Reform in Ukraine (EUAM Ukraine), the EU Border Assistance Mission for the Rafah Crossing Point 
(EU  BAM  Rafah)  and  the  EU  Capacity-Building  Mission  in  Somalia  (EUCAP  Somalia).  The  EU 
supported  conflict  resolution,  peace  and security  in the  Sahel, the  Horn of  Africa,  the  Great  Lakes 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

18 

 
 
 
region, the Middle  East,  Central  Asia,  the  Gulf,  the Western  Balkans  and  the South  Caucasus,  also 
through the work of 11 EU Special Representatives. 

Apart from actions addressing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and illicit trafficking 
in  small  arms  and  light  weapons  at  country  and  regional  levels,  the  EU  also  contributed  to 
international  security  and  peace  by  supporting  non-proliferation  and  disarmament  efforts  at  the 
global  level.  It  did  so  through  support  for  the  effective  implementation  and,  when  relevant, 
universalisation of global non-proliferation and disarmament treaties, conventions, mechanisms and 
programmes(30),  as  well  as  the  activities  of  the  relevant  international  organisations,  such  as  the 
International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and 
the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation. 

The EU also supported a global reporting mechanism on illicit trading of conventional arms and their 
ammunition to reduce the risk of their diversion and illicit transfer (iTrace) in conflict-affected areas. 

1.8.  Human rights and democracy 

In  a  global  context  marked  by  democratic  backsliding  and  pushback  against  human  rights,  gender 
equality,  diversity  and  the  underlying  multilateral  rules-based  order  and  UN  system,  the  EU 
remained  committed  to  upholding  and  promoting  human  rights  and  democratic  values  and 
principles around the world. 

Regarding the defence and promotion of human rights at the global level, throughout the year, the 
EU Special Representative for Human Rights continued to improve the effectiveness, presence and 
visibility  of  EU  policy  on  human  rights  and  democracy  and  to  ensure  that  human  rights  are 
integrated  into  all  areas  of  EU  external  action.  EU  Delegations  around  the  world  continued  to 
provide  funding  and  other  forms  of  support  primarily  to  local  CSOs  to  address  human-rights 
challenges. In 2024, the EU also provided protection support to 10 050 human-rights defenders and 
family  members  through  its  emergency  fund  and  the  flagship  programme  ProtectDefenders.EU, 
managed by a consortium of 12 international NGOs. 

As  fighting  impunity  for  serious  human-rights  violations  requires  coordinated  global  efforts  to 
uphold international law, the ‘Global Initiative Against Impunity for International Crimes and Serious 
Human-Rights  Violations:  Making  Justice  Work!’  started  in  December  2023.  The  initiative  aims  to 
empower  civil  society  in  addressing  international  crimes  and  supporting  gender-responsive  and 
victim-centred  approaches  to  transitional  justice.  The  four-year  project  is  implemented  by  a 
consortium  of  eight  international  organisations  and  the  Coalition  for  the  International  Criminal 
Court. The Digital Democracy Initiative, a collaboration with Denmark to promote and protect local 
inclusive  democratic  space 
innovative  CSO-led  projects.  The 
opportunities  and  risks  brought  by  the  digital  sphere  to  human  rights  and  democracy  were  also 
addressed  by  supporting  the  work  of  the  Office  of  the  UN  High  Commissioner  for  Human  Rights 
(OHCHR). 

in  the  digital  age,  supported 

30 Amongst others the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, the UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004); the UN 
Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons; the Arms Trade 
Treaty;  the  Hague  Code  of  Conduct;  the  International  Convention  for  the  Suppression  of  Acts  of  Nuclear  Terrorism;  the 
Convention  on  the  Prohibition  of  the  Use,  Stockpiling,  Production  and  Transfer  of  Anti-Personnel  Mines  and  on  their 
Destruction; and the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons. 

19 

 
 
 
To create strategic, longer-term implementing relationships with high-capacity consortia of NGOs, in 
2024,  thematic  framework  partnerships (FFPAs)  for human  rights  and  democracy were  concluded. 
These aim to promote work on young people’s freedom of assembly and association, with a focus on 
youth  activists,  fighting  torture,  advocating  against  the  death  penalty  and  promoting  independent 
and pluralistic media and quality journalism. 

Specifically,  the  EU  began  to  see  results  from  its  collaboration  with  the  United  Against  Torture 
Consortium.  This  alliance  of  six  leading  anti-torture  NGOs  strategically  reflects  the  EU  guidelines 
against torture, offering a cooperative and holistic response to the main priorities, from prevention 
to  rehabilitation  and  redress.  In  the  first  year,  EU  funding  reached  over  160  less-resourced  anti-
torture  organisations  in  all  regions  of  the  world,  while  more  than  80  CSOs  were  accompanied  to 
engage in state review processes under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or 
Degrading  Treatment  or  Punishment.  The  consortium  implemented  crisis  response  actions  in  five 
countries and conducted a summer school for African anti-torture practitioners. 

The  EU  also  partnered  with  the  Global  Consortium  for  Death  Penalty  Abolition.  Launched  in  July 
2024,  the  consortium  will  operate  in  40  target  countries  to:  (i)  promote  transparency  in  hardcore 
retentionist  countries;  (ii)  reduce  the  scope  of  death  penalty  application  in  retentionist  countries 
with  the  potential  for  change;  (iii)  achieve  abolition  in  law  in  countries  that  are  abolitionist  in 
practice; and (iv) encourage the ratification of abolitionist treaties in abolitionist countries in law. 

In addition, the  EU  set  up partnerships with consortia of media development  organisations. These 
aim  to  strengthen  the  resilience  of  at-risk  media  outlets,  combat  hate  speech  and  disinformation, 
and expand journalists’ access to professional development and learning opportunities. Supporting 
women  journalists  and  those  working  in  areas  with  limited  access  to  local  news  coverage  is  a 
priority.  These  partnerships  complement  EU  efforts  at  multilateral  level  to  support  independent 
media together with the OHCHR, UNESCO, the OECD, the Council of Europe and the Organisation for 
Security  and  Cooperation  in  Europe,  as  well  as  projects  fighting  foreign  information  manipulation 
and interference (FIMI). 

Over half of the global population resided in countries that held national elections in 2024, providing 
a significant opportunity for democratic expression, even as threats to electoral integrity persisted. 
The  EU  was  a  key  provider  of  electoral  assistance  globally.  In  Sub-Saharan  Africa  alone,  the  EU 
assisted 15 countries in their electoral processes while strengthening the role of the African Union 
and regional networks of domestic observers. 

In  addition  to  providing  electoral  assistance,  the  EU  was  invited  to  assess  or  observe  elections  or 
follow up on earlier observation missions in 20 countries. Full-fledged election observation missions 
took place in Senegal, Jordan, Sri Lanka and Mozambique. Election expert missions were deployed in 
Mexico,  Comoros,  Mauritania,  South  Africa,  Pakistan,  Bangladesh,  Sri  Lanka,  El  Salvador,  the 
Solomon  Islands,  Panama,  Gabon  and  Ghana.  Follow-up  missions  were  conducted  in  Zambia,  São 
Tomé  and  Príncipe,  Peru  and  the  Gambia.  Such  missions  aim  to  build  confidence  in  electoral 
processes,  assess  their  inclusiveness  and  transparency,  and  propose  recommendations  for  future 
improvements.  The  missions  also  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  electoral  violence,  acceptance  of 
credible results  by all segments of society, and the peaceful transition of countries emerging  from 
civil strife or war. EU conflict analysis, including electoral violence risk assessments, increasingly feed 
into the planning and deployment of election observation missions. 

In  2024,  the  EU  also  remained  a  key  player  in  supporting  democracy  globally  through  initiatives 
promoting  women’s  and  young  people’s  civic  and  political  engagement,  strengthening  democratic 

20 

 
 
institutions,  and  supporting  independent  media  and  journalists.  These  include  the  global  Team 
Europe Democracy (TED) initiative, which provides a platform for the EU and 14 EU Member States 
to coordinate democracy support actions in partner countries. TED enabled improved exchanges in 
the fields of people-centred justice and anti-corruption, civic space, and information integrity. TED 
supported cooperation through a ‘Team Europe’ approach in Guatemala, Jordan, the Central African 
Republic, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Malawi and Cameroon. The Women and Youth in Democracy (WYDE) 
initiative  supported  young  people’s  and  women’s  participation  through  a  variety  of  activities  that 
inter-parliamentary  cooperation,  small  grants,  advocacy,  exchanges  and  support 
includes 
programmes.  The  WYDE  Women  Leadership  initiative  was  launched  in  March  2024  to  foster 
women’s  democratic  engagement  and  leadership  by  changing  social  norms  and  building  political 
competencies  in  collaboration  with  global  partners.  ‘WYDE  Civic  Engagement’  aims  to  promote 
political pluralism and the inclusiveness of democratic processes by encouraging the participation of 
young  people  and  women  in  all  aspects  of  public  life.  It  provided  grants  to  50  organisations  and 
trained young decision-makers across Africa. ‘Inter Pares’ sustained inter-parliamentary cooperation 
between  national  parliaments  in  EU  Member  States  and  their  counterparts  in  Ukraine,  Benin, 
Botswana,  Zambia,  Guinea-Bissau,  Nepal,  Côte  d’Ivoire  and  Uzbekistan.  Beyond  core  democracy 
support,  the  EU  supported  policy  reforms  through  initiatives  such  as  the  Open  Government 
Partnership  initiative,  which  supported  civil  society-led  reforms  in  Honduras,  Colombia,  Nigeria, 
Ghana, Kenya, Indonesia and the Philippines. 

The  EU  continued  to  provide  financial  support  to  human  rights  and  democracy  through  the 
Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance III and the NDICI-Global Europe instrument(31) in countries 
covered by the EU’s Enlargement and Neighbourhood policies. EU financial support also continued 
to  be  channelled  through  the  European  Endowment  for  Democracy,  empowering  pro-democracy 
actors,  civil  society,  and  independent  media  across  the  European  Neighbourhood,  the  Western 
Balkans, Türkiye, Eurasia, and the Middle East. 

More  information  on  EU  actions  can  be  found  in  the  2024  Annual  Report  on  Human  Rights  and 
Democracy in the World(32) of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. 

1.9 

Support for multilateralism and addressing global challenges 

In 2024, the overarching priority was to continue to stand up for the rules-based international order, 
multilateralism,  international  law  including  international  humanitarian  law,  accountability,  human 
rights and democracy. To make the multilateral system, with the UN at its core, more efficient and 
inclusive and to meet today’s and future global challenges and rebuild trust, world leaders adopted – 
on 22 September 2024 – the UN Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, and the Declaration 
on Future Generations. 

The  Pact  for  the  Future  is  a  major  achievement  for  multilateralism  to  which  the  EU  contributed 
substantially,  pushing  for  an  ambitious  outcome  reflecting  its  values  and  priorities.  The  EU  was 
widely recognised for its bridge-building role in the negotiations, including with the G77 and African 
countries, pushing for shared priorities, e.g. accelerating the achievement of the SDGs and reforming 
the international financial architecture. 

31 Thematic programmes for human rights and democracy and for civil society organisations. 
32 EU Annual Reports on Human Rights and Democracy | EEAS 

21 

 
 
 
 
The  Commission  also  promoted  inclusive  multilateralism  at  the  2024  UN  Civil  Society  Conference 
ahead  of the  Summit  of  the  Future.  Following  the  European  Council  Conclusions  of 17 October(33), 
the  EU  is  implementing  the  pact  through  existing  UN  processes  and  upcoming  international 
conferences, such as the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, the World 
Social  Summit,  the  Third  International  Conference  on  Landlocked  Developing  Countries,  and  the 
Fourth International Conference on Small Island Developing States (SIDS4). As to the latter two, the 
Commission  engaged  in  and  contributed  to  negotiating  the  respective  programmes  of  action.  The 
Commission also contributed to the 2024 UN Civil Society Conference. 

In  the  G20,  the  EU  played  a  major  role  in  the  launch  at  the  G20  Summit  in  Rio  de  Janeiro  in 
November 2024 of the main priority of the Brazilian Presidency: the Global Alliance Against Hunger 
and Poverty. The EU joined as a founding member and presented, with support from the Council, its 
statement of commitments,  including  how  the  goals  of  the  alliance  can  be  supported  through  the 
Global Gateway strategy. The G20 Development Ministerial in Rio de Janeiro in July 2024 adopted a 
landmark ministerial declaration on inequality and leaving no one behind – the first after more than 
two years of standstill as a consequence of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine – and a call for 
action on access to water, sanitation and hygiene. 

At the G7 Summit held in Apulia in June 2024, leaders launched the Apulia Food Security Initiative 
and reaffirmed their commitment to the ongoing work on the Partnership for Global Infrastructure 
and  Investment  (PGII),  recognising  the  EU’s  contribution  through  Global  Gateway.  These  work 
strands were given a boost at the G7 Development Ministerial in Pescara in October 2024, with the 
direct participation of the Commissioner for International Partnerships. 

The EEAS coordinated and prepared the input to the EU’s priorities for cooperation with the Council 
of Europe in 2025-2026, adopted by the Council in December 2024(34). 

33 Council Conclusions EUCO 25/24, 17 October 2024.  20241017-euco-conclusions-en.pdf 
34  Council  Conclusions  17028/24,  17 December  2024.  https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-17028-2024-
INIT/en/pdf 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
Delivering  on  our  commitments:  promoting  EU  values  and 

2. 
interests and fostering sustainable development globally 

2.1. 

The Global Gateway strategy 

Throughout 2024, the EU continued efforts to mobilise  public and private resources  as part of the 
‘Team  Europe’  approach  in  order  to  facilitate  implementation  of  the  Global  Gateway  strategy.  By 
doing  this,  the  EU  aims  to  narrow  the  global  investment  gap,  foster  economic  development  and 
boost clean, secure and mutually-beneficial links in key areas such as digital, energy and critical raw 
materials,  and  transport  corridors  including  shipping.  The  Global  Gateway  strategy  is  a  key 
contribution to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and leaving no one behind, 
and  additionally  supports  improvement  in  investment  and  business  climate  conditions,  regulatory 
convergence,  standardisation,  supply  chain  integration  and  financial  services  to  further  boost  the 
development impact of investments by the private sector. 

Global Gateway flagship projects are projects that demonstrate how the EU and its Member States 
implement  the  Global  Gateway  strategy  through  a  ‘Team  Europe’  approach.  They  showcase  how 
Global  Gateway’s  transformative  approach  mobilises  sustainable  investments  that  support  the 
strategic  autonomy of  partner  countries. The  European  Council  has  now  identified  more  than  264 
Global Gateway flagship projects. Of these, 50% are related to climate and energy, 20% to transport, 
13% to digital, 10% to health, and 7% to education and research. Some projects are contributing to 
several  priorities  at  once,  consistent  with  the  interlinked  nature  of  the  SDGs.  The  geographic 
breakdown  provides  the  following  picture:  45%  of  Global  Gateway  flagship  projects  are  in  Sub-
Saharan Africa, 20% in the Americas and the Caribbean, 18% in the Neighbourhood and Enlargement 
regions,  15%  in  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  and  2%  are  regional  or  global  projects.  In  2024,  the  pace  of 
adding  new  flagships  slowed  down  to  40+  projects,  while  some  projects  were  also  removed 
reflecting that despite best efforts, some investments may not mature. 

Furthermore, 2024 was a year marked by key stocktaking moments at global, regional and country 
levels. The Commission reported that the ‘Team Europe’ approach has increased the scale, impact 
and  visibility  of  sustainable  development  cooperation  actions  by  mobilising  EUR 179 billion in 
investments  in  partner  countries  between  2021  and  2023,  which  is  in  line  with  the  target  of 
mobilising EUR 300 billion by 2027. 

Working  in  a  ‘Team  Europe’  approach  and  alongside  international  financial  institutions,  the 
Commission unveiled the EUR 10 billion commitment for the Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor at the 
Global  Gateway  Investors Forum  for  EU-Central  Asia  Transport Connectivity.  At  the  20th Overseas 
Countries and Territories-European Union (OCTs-EU) Forum in Brussels, the EU reaffirmed its strong 
partnership  with  OCTs,  showcasing  progress  on  common  priorities  through  effective  partnerships 
centred around Global Gateway and the signing of five new cooperation agreements. The third EU 
Indo-Pacific Ministerial Forum and the 24th EU-ASEAN(35) Ministerial Meeting were held back to back 
in  Brussels  and  provided  a  stocktaking  moment  on  the  ongoing  roll-out  of  Global  Gateway  in  the 
region. 

In 2024, engagement with international partners on critical raw materials continued with the signing 
of  five  additional  partnerships  (Rwanda,  Norway,  Uzbekistan,  Australia  and  Serbia),  the  design  of 
roadmaps, and the signing of memoranda and partnership agreements with the Democratic Republic 

35 Association of Southeast Asian Nations 

23 

 
 
 
of  the  Congo,  Rwanda  and  Mauritania.  The  Commission  launched  six  Global  Gateway  mini 
campaigns  at  regional  and  local  levels  (EU-Latin  America  and  Caribbean  Digital  Alliance,  Rwanda 
MAV+(36), Tajikistan green energy, EU-Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) BELLA Cable, Namibia green 
hydrogen)  and  organised  several  Team  Europe / Global  Gateway  joint  missions  (to  Costa  Rica, 
Malaysia, Lesotho, Vietnam and Indonesia, Senegal and Mauritania). 

The  Commission  further  deepened  its  engagement  with  the  Global  Gateway  Business  Advisory 
Group (two meetings), and the Global Gateway Civil Society and Local Authorities Advisory Platform 
(one meeting), highlighting the strong outreach to key stakeholders in the implementation of Global 
Gateway.  The  Commission  launched  the  Expert  Group  on  Enhanced  Coordination  of  External 
Financial Tools, organised two meetings, and received the final recommendations of the High-Level 
Expert Group on scaling up sustainable finance in low- and middle-income countries. 

In  2024, mobilising  and engaging  the  private  sector remained  central  to the  Commission’s  agenda 
with  over  10  business  forums  with  partner  countries.  To  help  mobilise  private  investment,  the 
Commission  launched  three  EU-supported  investment  programmes  worth  over  EUR 700 million 
(from the  European  Fund for  Sustainable Development  Plus), which will mobilise  EUR 6.3 billion  in 
public and private investments. 

The  EU  strengthened  its  work  with  G7  partners  to  promote  sustainable  investments  worldwide 
through  the  G7’s  Partnership  for  Global  Infrastructure  and  Investment  (PGII).  Global  Gateway 
flagship projects such as the  Lobito Corridor, the Trans-Caspian  Transport Corridor, the Sargassum 
initiative, the African Virtual Investment Platform, renewable hydrogen in Namibia, the Kenya green 
industrialisation partnership and the  Just  Energy Transition Partnerships (in South Africa, Vietnam, 
Indonesia and Senegal) were identified as priorities under the PGII and unveiled at the G7 Leaders’ 
Summit in Apulia. Global Gateway was also highlighted at the G20 Development Ministers’ meeting, 
the UN General Assembly High-level Week and the Summit of the Future, and the COP29 and COP16 
summits  (the  most  recent  Conferences  of  Parties  to  the  UN  Framework  Convention  on  Climate 
Change (UNFCCC) and the UN Biodiversity Conference respectively). 

2.2. 

‘Team Europe’ approach 

The ambition of the EU and Member States is to ensure a joint, coherent and coordinated effort to 
further strengthen the EU’s international partnerships, taking into account both the interests of the 
EU and its Member States and those of partner countries and regions. This is commonly referred to 
as the ‘Team Europe’ approach, which remains a critical aspect of the EU’s external action. 

The  implementation  of  over  260  Global  Gateway  flagship  projects  (see  Chapter 2.1)  and  the  165 
Team  Europe  Initiatives  (TEIs  -  127  at  country  level,  32  at  regional  level  and  6  at  global  level) 
continued.  Alongside  the  implementation  of  TEIs,  joint  programming  processes  continued  with  14 
joint programming documents in place. 

In  2024,  the  ‘Team  Europe’  approach  was  also  promoted  through  the  Practitioners’  Network  of 
European development cooperation organisations, which further consolidated its role by becoming 
an  international  non-profit  association  (AISBL).  Continued  engagement  with  JEFIC  (Joint  European 
Financiers  for  International  Cooperation)  and  EDFI  (European  development  finance  institutions) 
further  strengthened  coordination  of  the  ‘Team  Europe’  approach.  To  ensure  continuous 
engagement  by  all  Team  Europe  actors,  the  organisation  of  informal  EU  development  Directors-

36 Team Europe Initiative on Manufacturing and Access to Vaccines, Medicines and Health Technologies in Africa 

24 

 
 
 
General meetings continued both in Brussels and in the capitals of the two Council Presidencies in 
2024 (Belgium and Hungary). 

The  ‘Support  to  European  Development  Policy’  technical  assistance  facility  continued  to  assist  EU 
Delegations,  Headquarters,  and  Member  States  in  the  resource-intensive  coordination  work  that 
helps structure the ‘Team Europe’ approach. In 2024, the facility implemented over 40 assignments, 
providing  support  to 20  EU  Delegations  in  all  regions,  and covering a wide  range  of  support areas 
including critical raw materials (CRM), gender mainstreaming, and investment mapping. The facility 
also supported the operationalisation of ‘Member States National Global Gateway Teams’, to ensure 
a  whole-of-government  approach  at  capital  level,  involving  line  ministries,  financial  institutions, 
export  credit agencies, etc., which can engage with the  private sector. The first assignment of this 
kind was to support the setting-up of ‘Team Greece’. 

In 2024, the Commission maintained its strong engagement with the World Bank Group (WBG) and 
the  International Monetary  Fund  (IMF),  including  at  the  IMF/WBG spring  and  annual  meetings,  as 
well  as  engagement  with  key  WBG  and  IMF  leadership  and  senior  management  around  Global 
Gateway.  Team  Europe  coordination  with  the  European  Executive  Directors  on  the  Board  of  the 
WBG intensified, including through their annual visit. The use of the ‘Team Europe’ approach for the 
reform  of  the  multilateral  development  banks  and  relevant  aspects  of  the  reform  of  the 
international  financial  architecture  continued  in  the  respective  forums,  through  close  work  with 
Council Presidencies on related joint messages. 

The EU and its Member States continued to be committed to promoting an effective, inclusive and 
fair multilateral system, with the UN at its core, through the Pact for the Future at the Summit of the 
Future on 22 September 2024. The EU and its Member States played a key role in the run-up to the 
pact, closely coordinating to push for an ambitious pact and building bridges with the African group, 
who played a key role in getting the pact adopted. Through close coordination between the EU (the 
Commission  and  the  EEAS)  and  its  Member  States  in  New  York  and  in  Brussels,  the  EU  agreed on 
Council Conclusions and coherent Team Europe messaging. Since the adoption of the pact, the EU 
has continued to play a leading role in its implementation through UN and international processes 
such  as  the  Fourth  International  Conference  on  Financing  for  Development,  the  Conference  on 
Landlocked Developing Countries, and the World Social Summit. 

To boost knowledge-sharing through a ‘Team Europe’ approach, the Commission continued to invest 
in  online  tools,  such  as  the  Team  Europe  Explorer(37),  which  offers  an  overview  of  the  official 
development  assistance  mobilised  by  Team  Europe,  and  the  Team  Europe  Initiatives  and  Joint 
Programming Tracker(38). 

Implementing  the  2030  Agenda  and  other 

2.3. 
commitments and policies 

international  and  European 

Amidst  renewed  attacks  against  multilateralism,  the  EU  remains  firmly  committed  to  advance  the 
Sustainable  Development  Goals  (SDGs).  The  SDGs  are  our  universal  roadmap  to  tackle  deeply 
interconnected  challenges,  respecting  our  planet  and  leaving  no  one  behind.  The  effects  of  the 
COVID-19  pandemic,  escalating  conflicts,  geopolitical  tensions,  the  triple  planetary  crisis  (climate 
change,  pollution  and  biodiversity  loss)  and  rising  inequalities  are  hitting  SDG  progress  hard.  Only 
17% of SDG targets are on track to be achieved globally by 2030, nearly half are  showing minimal 

37 https://team-europe-explorer.europa.eu/index_en 
38 https://capacity4dev.europa.eu/resources/team-europe-tracker/partner-countries/jp_en 

25 

 
 
 
progress, and progress on over one third has stalled or even regressed(39). 

Implementing and achieving the SDGs is a cross-cutting ambition for the Commission. The College of 
Commissioners  as  a  whole  is  responsible  for  the  overall  implementation  of  the  SDGs,  while  each 
Member  of  the  College  will  ensure  the  delivery  of  the  SDGs  within  their  policy  field.  The  Global 
Gateway strategy is the EU’s external investment strategy supporting the achievement of the SDGs. 
Within  each  Global  Gateway  flagship  project,  the  EU  targets  interlinked  SDGs  through  large-scale, 
transformational  projects  with  a  360-degree  approach  supporting  climate  neutrality  and  human 
rights,  and  promoting  decent  work,  education,  gender  equality,  youth  empowerment,  and  social 
inclusion and social rights. 

The  UN  Pact  for  the  Future(40)  was  adopted  at  the  Summit  of  the  Future  in  2024.  The  pact  gave 
renewed  impetus  for  a  more  effective  and  inclusive  multilateral  system  that  rebuilds  trust  and 
covers  financing  and  implementing  SDGs  as  a  priority.  The  EU  and  its Member  States  presented  a 
joint  written  input  into  the  pact  reflecting  EU  priorities  and  are  supporting  its  implementation 
through existing UN processes(41). 

2.4. 

Fragility response 

In  2024, 2.1  billion  people  were  experiencing  high or  extreme  fragility(42),  representing  25% of  the 
world’s  population,  yet  accounting  for  72%  of  those  living  in  extreme  poverty(43).  The  impacts  of 
climate  change  continued  to  hit  the  most  vulnerable  communities  in  low-income  countries  much 
harder  than  developed  ones.  Humanitarian  needs  were  on  the  rise,  geopolitical  and  geostrategic 
tensions intensified, and the declining trust in institutions and polarisation continued or emerged in 
various  part  of  the  world.  All  these  challenges  created  a  complex  and  unpredictable  global 
environment in which the EU was called upon to respond. 

The  EU’s  response  to  fragility  aims  to  link  urgent  relief  to  longer-term  solutions  addressing  root 
causes  of  fragility  through  an  integrated  approach.  Showing  the  EU’s  strong  commitment  to 
addressing the root causes of fragility and migration, a differentiated approach to the needs of our 
partner  countries  is  being  rolled  out.  The  Global  Gateway  strategy  is  coupled  with  a  sustained 
engagement in fragile contexts, bringing together the humanitarian-development-peace nexus and 
resilience support, including by providing essential/basic services where needed. 

In  response  to  fragility,  the  EU  continues  to  provide  investments  at  the  crossroads  of  what  EU 
partners  want,  and  what  the  EU  can  deliver.  By  working  closely  with  other  international 
organisations,  most  notably  the  United  Nations  and  the  World  Bank,  as  well  as  regional 
organisations,  the  EU  aims  to  improve  coordination  and  effectiveness.  The  EU’s  actions  foster 
governance,  rule  of  law,  and  economic  recovery,  addressing  the  root  causes  of  conflicts  and 
inequalities.  They  improve  the  capabilities  of  local  institutions  and  CSOs  in  fragile  contexts  to 
improve governance and resilience. They also address the impacts of climate change on vulnerable 
regions of the world, building the climate resilience of our partner countries. 

39 UN, 2024. Sustainable Development Goals Report. The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2024.pdf 
40 Including its annexes (i.e. the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations). 
41  For  example  the  Fourth  International  Conference  on  Financing  for  Development,  the  World  Social  Summit,  the  16th 
session of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, and the 2025 UN Ocean Conference. 
42 Fragility, according to the OECD, is the combination of exposure to risk and insufficient coping capacities of the state, 
system and/or communities to manage, absorb or mitigate those risks. It occurs in a spectrum of intensity across six 
dimensions: economic, environmental, human, political, security and societal. 
43  OECD  States  of  Fragility  2025.  https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2025/02/states-of-
fragility-2025_c9080496/81982370-en.pdf 

26 

 
 
 
2.5. 

Policy coherence for sustainable development 

EU policies, both internal and external, have an impact on our international partners. It is essential 
to  ensure  that  EU  legislation  and  actions  complement  each  other  and  promote  sustainable  and 
inclusive development. 

Policy coherence for development (PCD) is a long-standing legal and political commitment of the EU, 
enshrined in the Treaties, and a key principle through which the EU seeks to increase the positive 
impact and effectiveness of its international partnerships by minimising contradictions and building 
synergies between internal and external EU policies. 

It  follows  a  whole-of-government  approach,  with  strong  coordination  across  the  Commission  to 
is  also  sought  on 
develop  coherent  policies.  Close  coordination  with  EU  Member  States 
implementation approaches as part of Team Europe. 

The  Commission’s  willingness  to  ensure  a  balanced  impact  of  EU  policies  on  partner  countries  is 
reflected in the design of its working methods, from the outset, including from the  planning stage 
during the preparation of the annual Commission Work Programme and throughout the consultation 
and  decision-making  phases.  The  Better  Regulation  Agenda,  impact  assessments,  the  Regulatory 
Scrutiny  Board  and  interservice  consultations  provide  additional  and  multiple  layers  and  tools 
through  which  the  potential  impacts  of  the  Commission’s  decisions,  legislation  and  policies  on 
partner countries are examined. 

The  Commission  continues  to  uphold  the  principle  of  PCD,  seeking  to  minimise  contradictions, 
mitigate  any  potential  negative  impacts  of  EU  internal  policies  on  partner  countries,  and  build 
synergies between different EU internal and external policies in order to increase the effectiveness 
of development cooperation. 

The Commission emphasised the importance of integrating development objectives into all policies 
likely to affect developing countries, in line with the European Consensus on Development, the 2030 
Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement, while calling on partner countries to 
better  align  with  their  national  priorities  and  systems  and  to  work  more  effectively  together  to 
realise their potential. 

PCD is therefore mainstreamed in the Commission’s daily work and is implemented by all relevant 
services. 

Changes are also reflected in how we report on PCD. There are no more stand-alone PCD reports as 
reporting on it is integrated into the comprehensive reporting on SDGs implementation. 

Through the  Global Gateway strategy, the Commission aims to build on the interlinkages between 
the SDGs and accelerate progress through integrated actions that can generate mutual benefits and 
deliver on multiple objectives. This is a key requirement to fulfil the commitment  to ensure  policy 
coherence for sustainable development. 

The EU is making ongoing efforts and working on challenges to align its policies with development 
objectives, and to highlight the dynamic nature of PCD within its external action. 

2.6.  Development effectiveness 

Development  effectiveness  (Busan  principles,  2011)  is  actively  promoted  in  the  EU’s  development 
cooperation  to  achieve  the  best  sustainable  impact  with  official  development  assistance  funding. 
The  ‘Team  Europe’  approach  is  a  key  contribution  to  effectiveness  by  pulling  together  European 
resources  (financial,  technical  and/or  human),  to  avoid  fragmentation  and  duplication,  and  by 

27 

 
 
providing a common space and framework for collaboration focused on results – in line with partner 
country priorities identified through political dialogue and multi-stakeholder dialogue processes. 

As  an  active  member  and  supporter  of  the  Global  Partnership  for  Effective  Development 
Cooperation  (GPEDC),  the  Commission  supported  both  the  development  of  the  new  GPEDC 
Monitoring  Framework  and  the  participation  of  partner  countries  undertaking  voluntary  GPEDC 
monitoring  activities.  These  activities  provide  a  better  basis  for  analyses  on  development 
effectiveness,  and  the  more  countries  take  part,  the  deeper  the  potential  analyses.  As  of  end  of 
December 2024, 59 countries had signed up for this voluntary monitoring. 

2.7. 

Support for multilateralism and addressing global challenges 

In 2024, the overarching priority was to continue to stand up for the rules-based international order, 
multilateralism,  international  law  including  international  humanitarian  law,  accountability,  human 
rights and democracy. On 22 September 2024, world leaders adopted the Pact for the Future and its 
annexes,  the  Global  Digital  Compact  (GDC)  and  the  Declaration  on  Future  Generations  (DFG).  The 
pact aims to: (i) make the multilateral system, with the UN at its core, more efficient and inclusive; 
(ii)  meet  today’s  and  future  global challenges;  and  (iii)  rebuild  trust.  The  adoption of  the  pact  is  a 
major achievement for multilateralism to which the EU contributed substantially. Together with its 
Member States, the EU pushed for ambition and for EU priorities through a joint written input into 
the pact and joint messaging in negotiations, and acted as a bridge-builder in the negotiations with 
other (regional) groups such as G77 and African countries on shared priorities such as accelerating 
implementation  and  financing  of  the  SDGs  and  reforming  the  international  financial  architecture. 
The EU is supporting the implementation of the pact through existing UN processes and upcoming 
international  conferences,  such  as  the  Fourth 
International  Conference  on  Financing  for 
Development,  the  Third  International  Conference  on  Landlocked Developing  Countries, the  Fourth 
International Conference on Small Island Developing States, and the World Social Summit. 

2.8. 

European financial architecture for development (EFAD) 

This section provides  an overview of the main activities  carried  out  by the  Commission in 2024 to 
implement its roadmap towards an improved European financial architecture for development. The 
roadmap  was  updated  in  March  2024,  following  consultation  with  EU  Member  States,  in  order  to 
better  incorporate  activities  related  to  Global  Gateway  implementation  and  engagement  with  the 
private  sector.  The  roadmap  includes  28  measures  aiming  to  achieve  the  following  objectives: 
affirming  a  strong  EU  policy  steer;  promoting  improved  coordination;  building  a  more  inclusive 
financial  architecture;  and  ensuring  increased  visibility  and  influence  for  the  EU  and  its  Member 
States’ actions through a ‘Team Europe’ approach. 

Overall, 2024 saw a consolidation of the activities launched in the previous years. The mechanisms 
to ensure that investment operations are aligned with EU policy priorities, including the objectives 
set  out  in  the  Commission  programming  documents,  were  fully  operationalised.  Regular  pipeline 
review  meetings  with  international  and  European  development  finance  institutions  (EDFIs)  ensure 
alignment with Global Gateway priorities and optimal use of the full European Fund for Sustainable 
Development  Plus  (EFSD+)  toolkit  (combining  blending,  guarantees  and  technical  assistance). 
Engagement on the ground – through Team Europe missions and through  the coordination role of 
EU  Delegations  to  facilitate  upstream  discussions  with  Member  States,  financial  institutions  and 
other stakeholders – was further strengthened. EU coordination on matters related to international 
financial  institutions  was  improved  with  a  particular  focus  on  reform  of  multilateral  development 
banks. 

28 

 
 
Some  key  workstreams  are  still  being  implemented,  primarily  in  relation  to  policy  measures  to 
mobilise greater sustainable private finance in low- and middle-income countries, monitoring EFSD+ 
results, further coordination between development and export finance agencies in their respective 
Member States, and tools for private-sector engagement. 

Stronger policy steer 

The  mid-term  review  of  the  programming  of  NDICI-Global  Europe  offered  an  occasion  to  further 
ensure alignment between investment actions and EU strategic interests, including Global Gateway 
priority areas. The regional Multiannual Indicative Programming documents for Sub-Saharan Africa, 
Asia and the Pacific, and the Americas and the Caribbean for 2021-2027 were amended in October 
2024(44)  to  focus  on  the  EU’s  specific  policy  objectives  and  strategic  interests  in  relation  to  the 
respective regions taking into account the development of the geopolitical context and the existing 
investment/partnership documents. These include the EU-LAC Global Gateway Investment Agenda, 
the EU strategy for cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, the EU strategic partnership with the Gulf, and 
the  Joint  Roadmap  for  Deepening  Ties  between  the  EU  and  Central  Asia.  Dedicated  ‘support  to 
investments’  allocations  were  introduced  to  promote  Global  Gateway  in  the  three  regional 
programming documents mentioned above. 

Regarding  the  neighbourhood  region,  a  ‘Deep  Dive’  event  with  international  financial  institutions 
held in October 2024 reaffirmed the need to align financial and technical support for socio-economic 
reforms in key partner countries, as set out in the strategic partnerships agreements. For all regions, 
a  number  of  strategic  and  pipeline  review  meetings  with  development  financial  institutions  (DFIs) 
took place to ensure that the proposed projects are aligned with Global Gateway and the Economic 
and 
Investment  Plans  for  the  neighbourhood.  For  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  specific  technical 
assistance / study facilities were set up to support both the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the 
European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and  Development  (EBRD)  with  the  purpose  of  developing  a 
pipeline of projects fully aligned with Global Gateway. 

The  EFSD+  Strategic  Board  met  in  February  and  December  2024,  providing  key  inputs  into  the 
strategic  vision  and  overall  coordination  of  EFSD+  operations.  The  meetings  were  also  an 
opportunity to take stock of progress and discuss future strategic goals. 

In  April  2024,  the  High-Level  Expert  Group  on  scaling  up  sustainable  finance  in  low-  and  middle-
income  countries  published  a  report  outlining  recommendations  to  the  Commission  for  actions to 
boost  private  investments in  partner  countries  and  support  inclusive  growth.  The  report  proposes 
innovative  funding  mechanisms  and  actions  to  further  strengthen  local  financial  markets  to  help 
bridge the financing gap for achieving the SDGs.  

Data  on  investments  mobilised  in  Global  Gateway  priority  areas  was  consolidated  based  on  the 
agreed methodology. In October, the following figures were set out in the Communication Building 
sustainable  international  partnerships  as  a  Team  Europe(45):  between  2021  and  2023,  the  EU, 
Member  States,  the  EIB  and  the  EBRD  mobilised  investments  worth  EUR 179 billion  in  support  of 
Global Gateway implementation. Out of this total, EUR 50 billion was made available by the EU, and 
EUR 129 billion was mobilised by EU Member States, the EIB and the EBRD. 

44 The mid-term review of the Neighbourhood programmes was concluded in the summer of 2025. 
45 
revamped-international-partnerships_en 

JOIN(2024)  25 

final,  2 Octobre  2024.  https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/publications-library/eus-

29 

 
 
 
Technical meetings with DFIs on the use of the EFSD+ Results Measurement Framework (ReMF) took 
place in 2024 with the aim to further improve their capacities to report on results and to harmonise 
approaches.  Training  sessions  for  EU  Delegations  on  EFSD+  ReMF  were  organised.  The  IT  tool  to 
manage  the  EU  portfolio  of  external  interventions  was  adapted  to  allow  DFIs  to  enter  results 
frameworks from guarantee agreements. 

Coordination 

EU  coordination  on  matters  related  to  international  financial  institutions  was  further  improved  in 
2024  including  in  Council meetings, with  a  particular  focus  on  reform of multilateral  development 
banks, involving both the development and finance tracks. The practice of developing a set of Team 
Europe  messages  for  the  spring  and  annual  meetings  of  the  World  Bank  and  the  International 
Monetary Fund was continued. 

Dialogue  with  the  EIB  and  the  EBRD  on  their  efforts  to  improve  mutual  coordination  and 
collaboration  continued,  with  a  joint  presentation  to  the  Council  of  the  EIB-EBRD  annual  progress 
report on EFAD in December 2024. 

In  2024,  structured  dialogue  took  place  with  international  finance  institutions  and  regional 
development banks, such as the Inter-American Development Bank (IaDB), the Development Bank of 
Latin America and the Caribbean, the Caribbean Development Bank, the African Development Bank, 
the  Asian  Development  Bank,  and  the  International  Finance  Corporation  (IFC).  This  led  to  specific 
results such as an agreement with the International Monetary Fund to conduct a study on foreign 
direct investment flows to Latin America and the Caribbean, a blending operation signed with IaDB 
on  sustainable  mining  practices,  and  discussions  with  IFC  on  the  implementation  of  budgetary 
guarantees in fragile countries such as Iraq. 

Coordination with export credit agencies (ECAs) gained relevance within the ecosystem of the EFAD 
ecosystem. The Commission Expert Group on Enhanced Coordination of External Financial Tools met 
in January, May and November 2024. Ministries, ECAs, DFIs and public development banks discussed 
the  possibilities  of  improving  coordination  between  development  finance  and  export  finance.  A 
study  carried  out  by  independent  consultants  made  recommendations  for  further  work  in  this 
regard. 

Engagement  with  the  private  sector  continued  in  the  Global  Gateway  Business  Advisory  Group, 
which met twice in plenary (April and November 2024) while its subgroups worked throughout the 
year.  Over  10  EU  business  forums  were  held  in  partner  countries.  Outreach  events  addressed  to 
Member States’ private sectors to raise awareness of the opportunities offered by Global Gateway 
were co-organised with the relevant  authorities of several Member States (Finland, Italy,  Slovakia, 
Sweden, Portugal, Denmark, Malta, Hungary, Poland and Germany). 

Inclusiveness 

Under  the  EFSD+,  the  Commission  continued  to  favour  joint  proposals  from  DFIs  to  ensure 
coherence,  coordination  and  a  ‘Team  Europe’  approach.  2024  saw  the  finalisation  of  negotiations 
and  signing  of  several  guarantee  agreements.  In  particular,  the  guarantee  signed  with  the  EDFI 
Management Company has the potential to bring in new and smaller partners. 

EU Delegations made targeted efforts to engage not only with representatives of EU Member States 
and  international  financial  institutions  but  also  with  EU  private-sector  stakeholders.  These  actions 
both  strengthen  collaboration  as  Team  Europe  and  provide  a  deeper  understanding  of  the  main 
challenges facing the private sector, while opening up a dialogue to explore strategies to effectively 

30 

 
 
address  these  obstacles.  Delegations’  capacities  to  manage  the  full  toolbox  of  EU  financial 
instruments was continuously strengthened in 2024 through training and EFSD+ outreach missions. 

The use of institution-building tools such as TAIEX and Twinning to provide capacity building through 
public  sector  expertise  continued  to  increase  in  2024  both  geographically  and  thematically,  with 
growing  support  from  all  EU  Member  States,  thus  strengthening  the  inclusiveness  agenda  in 
international  partnerships.  A  total  of  81  Twinning  projects  were  ongoing  in  2024,  involving  25 
Member  States  either  as  a  lead  Member  State  or  as  a  junior  partner,  while  TAIEX  facilitated  901 
events. 

Dialogue with the Practitioners’ Network of European development cooperation organisations, EDFI 
and  the  Joint  European  Financiers  for  International Cooperation  (JEFIC)  focused  on  how  the  three 
networks can operationalise  their joint statement of intent on improved collaboration (adopted in 
2023).  High-level  and  technical  meetings  held  in  2024  with  both  JEFIC  and  EDFI  focused  on  the 
networks’ contributions to implementing and scaling up Global Gateway. 

Commission’s  Pillar  assessment  applications  from  Member  States  banks  and  agencies  have  been 
further  streamlined  in  2024  to  focus  on  those  organisations  whose  main  focus  is  international 
cooperation. This allows more timely support to applications and ensures a shorter processing time. 

Visibility 

High-level  Team  Europe  missions  took  place  in  2024  to  promote  Global  Gateway  investments  in 
Ethiopia,  Ivory  Coast,  Vietnam,  Costa  Rica,  Malaysia,  Indonesia,  Senegal,  and  Lesotho.  In  the 
neighbourhood, investment missions were organised to Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia and Moldova. 

Monthly communication drop-in sessions for EU Delegations as well as regular meetings  of Global 
Gateway communication focal points were organised throughout 2024. Global Gateway campaigns 
were implemented in 18 partner countries to promote Global Gateway strategic investments such as 
the  Trans-Caspian  Transport  Corridor,  the 
investment  agenda  for  Latin  America  and  the 
development of vaccine manufacturing in Africa, to increase the positive perception of the EU as a 
trusted international partner. 

2.9.  Means of implementation 

The  EU  is  working  on  concrete  solutions  through  Global  Gateway,  and  with  a  ‘Team  Europe’ 
approach, to help close the financial gap to achieve the SDGs and implement the Addis Ababa Action 
Agenda, the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement. 

The  EFSD+  supports  guarantees  and  blending  operations  through  DFIs  to  catalyse  private  capital. 
With  these  instruments,  the  EU  aims  to  reduce  the  cost  of  capital  for  sustainable  investments.  In 
2024,  12  new  EFSD+  private-sector  guarantee  programmes  were  signed  (10  under  the  EFSD+  and 
two  carried  over  from  the  EFSD)  worth  EUR 1.93 billion  across  all  regions.  In  addition,  EFSD+ 
guarantees  continue  to  support  EIB  lending  for  public  sector  investment,  with  total  covered 
operations amounting to EUR 9.98 billion for sovereign and sub-sovereign non-commercial loans, of 
which EUR 2.81 billion correspond to 2024, and EUR 1 billion for private sector operations in Africa, 
the  Caribbean  and  the  Pacific.  Examples  of  EIB  lending  for  public  sector  investment  in  the 
neighbourhood  included  the  Jordan  Water  Security  and  Climate  Adaptation  project  and  the  Vore-
Hani i Hotit railway line in Albania. In the same region, EUR 41 million of guarantee cover was used in 
2024 for 13 operations involving the private sector. 

31 

 
 
Alongside the EFSD+ and related technical assistance, EU budget support remains a key  method to 
advance  Global  Gateway  implementation  and  its  360-degree  approach.  Budget  support  promotes 
prudent  macroeconomic  management  (including  debt  sustainability),  sound  public  policies, 
accountability and critical reforms for the investment climate(46). In 2024, budget support was used 
to promote regulatory reforms, while development finance institutions funded investments with an 
EU guarantee and/or blending. Such synergies were sought, for example, in: Kyrgyzstan, Timor-Leste 
and  Jamaica  to  boost  connectivity  and  information  and  communication  technology  (ICT)  skills;  in 
Mauritania  for  green  hydrogen;  in  Benin,  Tonga  and  Vietnam  for  sustainable  energy  transition;  in 
Liberia, Sierra Leone, Uzbekistan and Vanuatu for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture value 
chains; and in Zambia and Laos for education and vocational training. 

The  EU  continued  to  promote  sustainable  finance  in  partner  countries,  which  is  key  to  attracting 
private  capital  flows  to  help  the  deployment  of  sustainable  investments  under  Global  Gateway.  A 
High-level Expert Group (HLEG) handed its final report on scaling up sustainable finance in low- and 
in  April  2024(47)  to  the  outgoing  Commissioner  for  International 
middle-income  countries 
Partnerships, Jutta Urpilainen, in the  presence of IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva. The 
HLEG identified challenges and opportunities in sustainable finance and provided recommendations 
for the Commission’s work with partner countries(48). 

In 2024, the EU continued promoting private-sector investment, in particular by creating a dedicated 
portal(49) bringing together relevant information for businesses interested in engaging in the Global 
Gateway.  Additionally,  the  EU  provides  support  for  human  rights  and  climate  due  diligence  for 
products reaching the single market. In 2024, it concluded an agreement that will offer a dedicated 
platform  to  refer  partner  countries’  stakeholders  –  including  civil  society,  the  private  sector  and 
government  institutions  –  to  relevant  accompanying  measures(50).  The  EU  also  promotes  public-
private dialogue processes, for instance through the Global Gateway Business Advisory Group, or in 
a more targeted manner, such as through country-level business forums. Dialogue with civil society 
focused on Global Gateway is taking place in a dedicated platform  – the Global Gateway Business 
Advisory  Group  –  and  is  increasingly  localised  through  the  consultations  taking  place  at  EU 
Delegation level (EU Roadmaps for Engagement with Civil Society). Dialogue with local authorities is 
being held through the Global Gateway Civil Society and Local Authorities Advisory Platform. 

2.10.  Mobilisation of the NDICI-Global Europe cushion 

In 2024, the Commission used EUR 1.2 billion of Global Europe’s emerging challenges and priorities 
cushion, amounting to 91% of the 2024 budget of the cushion(51). 

As in previous years, the cushion supported the EU’s response to challenges related to migration and 
forced displacement. Most of the 2024 budget was mobilised to support  Syrians and communities 
hosting  refugees  from  Syria  in  the  region  and  to  a  lesser  extent  inside  Syria.  EUR 130 million  was 

46 In line with the ‘Collect More, Spend Better’ agenda, for instance. 
47 HLEG final report, 2024. 
48  Key  recommendations  include:  (i)  designing  a  new  model  of  strategic  engagement  with  low-  and  middle-income 
countries to deliver on Global Gateway; (ii) scaling up flows of private capital to sustainable projects in  low- and middle-
income countries by promoting the use of innovative financial instruments and structures;  (iii) supporting local currency-
denominated sustainable financial instruments; and (iv) increasing fiscal space for sustainable investments by supporting 
asset recycling and green asset-backed securities, disaster risk coverage and climate resilience. 
49 Global Gateway Business Opportunities - European Commission 
50 For example: Sustainability in Global Value Chains | Capacity4dev (europa.eu). 
51 EUR 124 million were carried over to 2025, against a total budget of EUR 1.324 billion. 

32 

 
 
 
mobilised to support  actions in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. A package of EUR 804 million was 
mobilised  for  Syrian  refugees  in  Türkiye.  Of  this  amount,  EUR 454 million  resulted  from  the 
redeployment  of  budget  freed  up  within  the  NDICI-Global  Europe  cushion,  due  to  the  transfer  of 
initially planned support for Ukraine to the Ukraine Facility following the revision of the multiannual 
financial framework. 

To  continue  supporting  partner  countries  facing  the  consequences  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic, 
EUR 266 million was mobilised to support the initiative on vaccine production in Africa. 

33 

 
 
 
3. 

Thematic overview 

Working together towards the SDGs and results achieved with EU support 

The  Commission’s  priorities  have  been  translated  into  a  portfolio  of  development  actions:  human 
development;  Green  Deal;  sustainable  growth  and  jobs;  digitalisation,  science,  technology, 
innovation  and  infrastructure;  migration  and  forced  displacement;  and  governance,  peace  and 
security. These categories  –  of priorities  and actions –  provide the basic structure for the sections 
within  this  chapter  on  the  thematic  overview  of  international  partnerships.  Each  section  presents 
the EU’s main achievements, along with examples of EU-funded projects and programmes. 

At  the  same  time,  implementing  these  EU  priorities  is  key  to  helping  our  partners  achieve  the 
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In some sections, the connection to an SDG is explained, and 
related  results  are  given,  based  on  indicators  of  the  Global  Europe  Results  Framework.  In  the 
interests  of  readability,  each  SDG  is  mentioned  only  once  under  an  EU  priority  to  which  it  is 
particularly  related.  However,  because  of  the  cross-cutting  nature  of  the  SDGs  and  the  strong 
interlinkages among them, the content reported under each SDG will often also be relevant to other 
EU priorities as well. 

3.1.  Human development 

3.1.1. SDG #1 Reduced poverty 

Poverty  eradication  remains  central  to  the  Commission’s  work,  as  mandated  by  Article 208  of  the 
Treaty on  the  Functioning of  the  European  Union  (TFEU),  which  states  that  the  EU’s  development 
cooperation  policy  ‘shall  have  as  its  primary  objective  the  reduction  and,  in  the  long  term,  the 
eradication of poverty’. This is also a priority for the Global Gateway strategy. 

Global poverty reduction has stagnated, risking a ‘lost decade’ from 2020 to 2030. Currently, 8.5% of 
the world’s population – nearly 700 million people – live below the extreme poverty line of USD 2.15 
per  day,  with  three  quarters  of  these  concentrated  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  and  fragile  or  conflict-
affected  regions.  The  Human  Development  Index  (HDI)  has  declined  for  two  consecutive  years, 
deviating from previous trends, while inequalities are widening both within and between countries, 
reversing two decades of progress. 

Meanwhile,  in 2024 for the  first time, over half of the  world’s population (52.4%) is covered by at 
least one social protection benefit, up from 42.8% in 2015(52). In Africa, for instance, the share of the 
population covered by at least one social protection benefit increased from 15% in 2015 to 19% in 
2023.  However,  there  are  still  3.8  billion  people  without  access  to  a  social  protection  scheme 
providing income support or access to social services, both crucial for leaving poverty behind. 

Poverty  is  multidimensional,  affecting  different  aspects  of  well-being,  including  health,  education, 
living  standards,  rights  and  empowerment,  work  quality  and  security,  and  the  environment. 
Therefore, the thematic chapters on human development contribute in various meaningful ways to 
the multi-fold objective of poverty reduction. 

52 According to latest ILO figures World Social Protection Report 2024-26: Universal social protection for climate 
action and a just transition | International Labour Organization. 

34 

 
 
 
In this regard, the Commission(53) is well on track to achieve the NDICI-Global Europe spending target 
of  allocating  over  2021-2027  at  least  20 %  of  its  official  development  assistance  (ODA)  to  social 
inclusion  and  human  development  from  2021  to  2027.  According  to  the  latest  figures,  the 
percentage rose to 32% over 2021-2024, driven by a substantial increase in activity in Sub-Saharan 
Africa and major commitments under the Global Challenges programme. 

Those  contributions  to  the  spending  target  on  social  inclusion  and  human  development  have 
enabled  measures  to  reduce  poverty  and  inequalities  and  reinforce  social  cohesion  and  access  to 
basic social services. This encompasses efforts to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition, ensure 
access  to  water  and  sanitation,  and  promote  universal  social  protection  and  health  coverage, 
universal  access  to  quality  education  and  training,  and  decent  work  for  all  within  a  healthy 
environment. 

With  regards  to  SDG  target  1.3  on  social  protection,  the  EU  has  continued  supporting  long-term 
national social protection system-building. At country level, some 50 country multiannual indicative 
programmes  for  2021-2027  have  integrated  social  protection  in  their  priority  areas,  focusing  on 
policy  development,  expansion  of  coverage,  digital  management  information  systems,  shock-
responsive and adaptive social protection, and social protection in the informal economy or across 
the humanitarian-development nexus. 

Two  regional  Team  Europe  Initiatives  (TEIs)  also  focus  on  poverty  reduction,  ‘Social  Protection  in 
Sub-Saharan Africa’, officially launched in 2024, and ‘Inclusive and Equal Societies’ in Latin America 
and the Caribbean, with a focus on promoting social cohesion. Finally, the EU is supporting digital 
interoperability  standards  on  social  protection,  which  is  expected  to  have  an  impact  in  terms  of 
more  efficient  national  social  protection  schemes  and  better  data  on  their  impact  on  poverty 
reduction. 

Figure 1. SDG 1 – interlinkages with other goals 

53 More specifically the Commission’s Directorate-General for International Partnerships. 

35 

 
 
 
 
The  total  of  commitments  for  SDG 1  on  poverty  reduction  under  NDICI-Global  Europe  in  2024 
amounts  to  EUR 1.46  billion.  Figure  1  above  shows  main  synergies  between  SDG 1  with  a  broad 
range of other significant SDGs (numbers on the right), notably SDG 5 on gender equality, SDG 2 on 
zero hunger, SDG8 on decent work and economic growth and SDG 10 on reduced inequalities. 

3.1.2. SDG #2 Zero hunger 

End hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture 

Food security and nutrition have been at the centre of geopolitical and geo-economics agendas since 
the start of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. With 294 million people experiencing acute 
food insecurity across 53 countries or territories(54). Of these, Sudan, Palestine**, South Sudan, Haiti 
and Mali remain the hunger hotspots of highest concern. Growing food insecurity and malnutrition 
are triggered by the interplay of conflict, weather extremes and economic risks operating in different 
contexts  across  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  the  Middle  East,  Asia  and  Latin  America.  To  counteract  these 
challenges,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  are  delivering  a  comprehensive  response  comprising 
solidarity,  production,  trade,  and  multilateralism,  backed  by  a  commitment  of  EUR 18  billion  in 
grants for the period 2021-2024. 

The EU mobilised around EUR 730 million in humanitarian food and nutrition assistance in 2024, (9% 
more than 2023). These funds were mostly channelled through multilateral institutions and primarily 
directed  to  countries  most  affected  by  food  insecurity.  In  Palestine**,  this  assistance  increased 
around 2.4 times compared to 2023, and almost 33 times with respect to 2022, before the outbreak 
of  the  recent  conflict.  Chad,  Lebanon  and  Haiti  also  saw  significant  increases.  In  2024,  the  EU 
supported 109 humanitarian projects having nutrition as main or significant objective in 36 countries 
targeting about 32 million beneficiaries. The total amount for this was around EUR 670 million. The 
Programmatic Partnership approach was  often  used to  ensure  the  predictability of  funding  and  to 
promote a more strategic response. 

Global  Gateway  spearheaded  investment  in  more  resilient  and  sustainable  agri-value  chains,  for 
example through private-sector engagement in Western Kenya targeting 40 000 small-scale farmers 
for  improved  production  through  sustainable  agricultural  practices,  including  agroecology.  In 
Somalia, a EUR 20 million initiative was launched to support sustainable nutrition-sensitive agri-food 
systems by renewing irrigation infrastructure and by strengthening key value chains such as maize, 
cowpeas, sesame and sorghum. 

2024 also marked the beginning of a new phase of the DeSIRA initiative with two new components 
aimed  at  setting  up  regional  research  and  learning  networks  on  agroecology,  and  at  scaling  up 
innovation through partnerships with small-scale farmers and SMEs in West, Central, East Africa and 
Indian Ocean islands. 

The  EU  remains  fully  engaged  in  ensuring  a  decent  living  income  for  cocoa  farmers  while  tackling 
social and environmental challenges. Under the Sustainable Cocoa Initiative  a significant milestone 

54 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2024 
** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
was  reached  with  a  specific  annex  on  cocoa  included  in  the  discussion  leading  to  a  Sustainable 
Investment Facilitation Agreement with Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. 

A decade since the launch of the EU’s action plan on nutrition, the Commission published in 2024 its 
eighth progress report showing that the EUR 2.5 billion pledge made at Nutrition for Growth in 2021 
had been surpassed by EUR 1.9 billion and that the EU’s pledge to reduce stunting in children under 
five by 7 million by 2025 was on track in the 40 baseline countries. 

Finally,  the  EU  reaffirmed  its  commitment  to  food  security  through  the  December  2024  Council 
Conclusions(55), continuing to showcase its engagement and leadership at multilateral level. In 2024, 
the  EU  engaged  in  relevant  events  and  platforms  –  contributing,  for  example,  to  the  G7  and  G20 
work agendas and UNFCCC COP29. 

16 000 ha  of  agricultural  and  pastoral  ecosystems  where  sustainable  management 
practices have been introduced with EU support(56). 

3.1.3. SDG #3 Good health and well-being 

In 2024, the EU continued implementing the Global Gateway strategy, of which health is a pillar, as 
well  as  the  EU  Global  Health  Strategy,  presented  at the  end of  2022 and  endorsed  by  the  Council 
Conclusions  on  Global  Health  in  January  2024(57).  Recognising  the  global  health  agenda  as  an 
essential  pillar  of  its  external  foreign  policy,  the  EU  focused  on  strengthening  health  systems, 
preventing  and  combating  health  threats,  including  epidemic  outbreaks,  and  promoting  the 
advancement of universal health coverage to ensure that everyone has access to high-quality health 
services without financial hardship. 

At the global level, the European Commission provided support for global health initiatives (GHIs), 
such  as  the  Global  Alliance  for  Vaccines  and  Immunisation  (Gavi),  the  Global  Fund  to  fight  AIDS, 
Tuberculosis and Malaria (GF), the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and the Universal Health 
Coverage Partnership Programme (UHC-P). 

With this support, for example, the EU contributed to Gavi’s roll-out of the new malaria vaccine in 16 
countries, the work of the GF to help 6 million people annually, and the Pandemic Fund’s support to 
strengthen  disease  surveillance  and  early-warning  systems,  upgrade  laboratories  and  build  the 
health workforce. 

Throughout 2024, the European Commission also advocated for greater synergies among the GHIs, 
promoting  the  Lusaka  Agenda  and  its  main  five  key  shifts.  Partnerships  have  been  strengthened 
between Gavi, the Global Fund and Unitaid. 

55  Council  Conclusions  16901/24,  16 December 2024.  https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16901-2024-
INIT/en/pdf 
56  Results  achieved  by  interventions  under  the  current  multiannual  financial  framework  (2021-2027).  For  further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 
57  Council  Conclusions  5908/24,  29 January  2024.  https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-5908-2024-
INIT/en/pdf 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Three  new TEIs  focused on  health  were  launched:  the  TEI on sustainable  health  security  following 
the One Health approach; the  TEI on digital health for health systems strengthening and universal 
health coverage; and the TEI on support to public health institutes in Africa. 

The roll-out of the Global Gateway strategy was prominent in 2024. The TEI on manufacturing and 
access  to  vaccines,  medicines  and  health  technology  products  in  Africa  (MAV+)  made  significant 
progress  in  creating  an  enabling  environment,  increasing  demand,  and  improving  supply.  One 
example of this is the support for mRNA technology at Afrigen Biologics in South Africa, through the 
World  Health  Organization  (WHO)  mRNA  technology  transfer  and  research  hub  and  network.  The 
New  SafeBirth  Africa  Regional  programme  was  also  selected  as  a  Global  Gateway  flagship  project 
under the TEI on sexual and reproductive health and rights. 

Support for development of the health sector in several fragile countries, including Burundi, Central 
African  Republic,  Democratic  Republic  of  Congo,  Mauritania,  Ethiopia,  Ghana  and  Sudan,  helped 
reduce maternal and infant mortality, improve primary healthcare and quality of care, support the 
health  workforce  and  improve  health  systems  resilience,  with  a  focus  on  the  most  vulnerable 
populations. 

Addressing public  health issues and strengthening health systems and governance,  including social 
protection  and  assistance,  remained  a  key  EU  objective,  for  the  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement 
region as well as further afield. The regional project ‘Strengthening health systems resilience in the 
Western  Balkans’  aims  to  strengthen  all-hazard  emergency  response  capacities,  helping  to  reform 
health financing systems to ensure universal health coverage, and increasing vaccination levels. 

In  2024,  the  EU’s  humanitarian  health  assistance  accounted  for  EUR 357  million  worldwide, 
following a cross-sectoral, needs-based and integrated approach. Some examples of life-saving care 
in  humanitarian  and  conflict-affected  contexts  included  fostering  access  to  primary  healthcare, 
reproductive  health  and  medical  responses  to  gender-based  violence,  mental-health  and 
psychosocial  support,  trauma care  and  rehabilitation.  A  significant  effort  of the  EU’s  humanitarian 
health assistance in 2024, complemented by the work of Relief EU (former European Humanitarian 
Response  Capacity)  and  the  Union  Civil  Protection  Mechanism,  has  contributed  to  epidemic 
preparedness  and  response  to  address  the  cholera,  mpox  and  Marburg  outbreaks  on  the  African 
continent. 

The  EU  continued  to  advocate  for  the  protection  of  health  workers  and  infrastructure  and  for 
compliance  with  international  humanitarian  law  in  conflicts  in  2024,  for  example  through  a 
dedicated  side  event  during  Protection  of  Civilians  Week  2024.  Likewise,  the  EU  was  engaged  in 
raising awareness and contributed towards the provision of quality mental-health and psychosocial 
support  in  humanitarian  settings,  notably  at  the  conference  to mark  30  years of  the  International 
Federation of the Red Cross Psychosocial Centre. 

3.1.4. SDG #4 Quality education 

Figure 2. SDG 4 – interlinkages with other goals 

38 

 
 
The  total  of  commitments  for  SDG 4  on  quality  education  under  NDICI-Global  Europe  in  2024 
amounts to EUR 865.69 million. Figure 2 above shows main synergies between SDG 4 with a broad 
range of other significant SDGs (numbers on the right), notably between SDG 4 and SDG 5 on gender 
equality  (EUR 810.77 million),  SDG 8  on  decent  work  (EUR 323 million)  and  SDG  10  on  reduced 
inequalities (EUR 319.9 million). 

Education  is  key enabler  for all  SDGs,  an equaliser  of  inequalities  and  driver of  prosperity.  The  EU 
Global  Gateway  strategy  recognises  that  economic  growth  depends  on  an  educated,  skilled 
workforce. 

EU  investments  focused  on  teachers  and  learning,  equitable  and  inclusive  education  systems  and 
21st  century  skills  that  enable  partner  countries  to  maximise  the  digital  and  green  transitions.  By 
investing  in  the  ‘Global  Partnership  for  Education’  and  ‘Education  Cannot  Wait’,  the  EU  and  its 
Member States – together in a ‘Team Europe’ approach  – strengthened this focus in the extensive 
EU education and training support which they provided in 80 partner countries. 

The  Regional Teachers  Initiative  for  Africa  started with  actions  in  22  Sub-Saharan  Africa  countries. 
Investments of EUR 8 million include six grants for teaching in fragile contexts and eight grants for 
innovative solutions for teacher education, both benefiting six countries. 

In  April,  the  EU  organised  a  Global  Gateway  High-Level  Education  event,  highlighting  its  role  in 
transforming global education and bridging skills gaps. A key focus was also on vocational education 
and  training  (VET)  as  essential  drivers  of  inclusive  and  decent  employment.  As  part  of  the  EU’s 
approach, VET  is a way of ensure the  feasibility and sustainability of Global Gateway investments. 
Employment remained the central to all VET interventions, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and the 
Western Balkans. 

The  ‘VET  Toolbox  2’  supported  demand-driven  skills  development  in  11  Sub-Saharan  African 
countries,  to  align  with  value  chain  developments  under  the  Global  Gateway.  To  date,  4 273 
participants  have  been  trained.  93%  of  firms  rated  the  training  as  relevant  to  their  needs, 
demonstrating the project’s demand-driven approach and alignment with industry requirements. 

39 

 
 
 
The  Western  Balkans  school  exchange  scheme  is  a  regional  initiative  that  helps  young  people  to 
develop  their  skills  and  knowledge  in  the  Western  Balkans.  It  enhances  education  systems  and 
promotes  cooperation  by  building  schools’  capacities  to  develop  and  implement  quality  school 
exchange  projects.  In  total,  2 265  students  took  part  in  exchange  activities  while  1 950  students 
were  involved  in  local  outreach  activities  associated  with  the  action.  In  addition,  77  school 
partnerships were set up, involving 154 schools. A new phase of the scheme was launched in 2024. 

The EU continued to be a strong champion of children’s right to education in crisis contexts. In 2024, 
the  EU  allocated  10%  of  its  initial  humanitarian  aid  budget  to  education  in  emergencies  and 
protracted crises, which amounted to over EUR 175 million. This investment enabled access to safe 
and quality learning for 2.3 million children and adolescents affected by conflicts, displacement and 
climate-related disasters worldwide. 

The  EU  continued  to  be  a  key  funder  of  the  Global  Education  Monitoring  Report  that  published 
fundamental works on data and analysis such as its 2024/2025 report on leadership in education’(58) 
and, together with the World Bank, the 2024 edition of the Education Finance Watch(59). 

The  EU’s  work  on  higher  education  amplified  Global  Gateway  investments,  opening  learning 
opportunities through student and staff exchange programmes, and strengthening higher education 
institutions in partner countries. A review of Erasmus+ capacity-building projects in higher education 
in  Asia  concluded  that  projects  made  substantial  contributions  to  regional  cooperation, 
strengthening institutional capacity and supporting development across actions and countries. The 
initiatives  have  modernised  teaching  approaches,  bolstered  digital  infrastructure  and  increased 
collaboration between universities, industries and governments. 

Over 2021-2024, under the NDICI-Global Europe, all actions approved in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and 
the Pacific and the Americas and the Caribbean contributed to the education spending target set by 
the  Commissioner  for  International  Partnerships  for  a  total  corresponding  to  12%  out  of  the  total 
committed amount. 

3.1.5. SDG #5 Gender equality 

EU  external  actions  contributed  to  SDG 5  through  political  and  human-rights  dialogues,  improved 
gender  mainstreaming  across  all  sectors  and  funding  modalities  and  through  ambitious  targeted 
actions. Gender equality has also been a strong priority in multilateral work and key negotiations in 
the  Commission  on  the  Status  of  Women,  the  G7,  the  G20  and  the  Pact  for  the  Future.  The 
intersection  of  various  forms  of  marginalisation  and  vulnerabilities,  based  on  factors  such  as 
disability or migration status, was increasingly incorporated into gender-responsive approaches. 

In line with the third Gender Action Plan III (GAP III), 2021-2027, the number of external actions with 
gender equality as a principal or significant objective(60)  has increased significantly:  from 64.71% in 

58 https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/leadership 
59 https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/2024efw 
60 The Commission applies the OECD DAC gender equality marker methodology. Significant (marked G1) means that gender 
equality  is  a  significant  objective,  but  not  the  principal  reason  for  undertaking  the  action,  while  principal  (marked  G2) 
means  that  gender  equality  is  the  main  objective.  For  humanitarian  aid,  the  Commission  applies  its  own  humanitarian 
Gender-Age Marker. 

40 

 
 
 
2019 to 82% in 2024. 79% of external actions adopted between 2021 and 2024 have gender equality 
as a significant or principal objective(61). For NDICI-Global Europe, between 2021 and 2024, the share 
of G1 and G2 actions reached 84%, and of those, 4% were marked as G2. 

Gender equality objectives are also integrated into Global Gateway initiatives. The EU continued to 
work with international and development financing institutions to increase gender-lens investing(62) 
through  EFSD+  funded  guarantee  and  blending  operations,  promoting,  amongst  others,  women’s 
access  to  finance  and  entrepreneurship.  Of  the  new  guarantees  signed  in  2024,  71%  are  gender-
mainstreamed. 

Women’s  entrepreneurship  and  labour market  participation  are  a  focus  of  the  ‘Investing  in  Young 
Businesses in Africa’ (IYBA) TEI. In 2024, the IYBA Market Creation Platform programme was signed 
to  support  young  and  growing  businesses,  in  particular  women-led  ones.  The  Investment  Climate 
Reform Facility co-funded by the  EU  strengthened its focus on business  environment reforms that 
work for women. The ‘EU 4 Social Inclusion’ regional programme in the Western Balkans and Türkiye 
fosters  women’s  economic  empowerment  by  strengthening  their  access  to  managerial  and 
leadership roles, entrepreneurship, employment opportunities (notably in the digital labour market 
and green transition) and to STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). The 
programme  also  seeks  to  increase  access  to  essential  digital  services  for  victims  of  gender-based 
violence and to promote legal and policy frameworks to address digital violence. 

The  EU  continued  to  support  global  efforts  to  prevent  and  eliminate  gender-based  violence, 
including. It did this, for example, through new Spotlight Initiative country programmes in Ecuador, 
Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, and through a regional programme for Africa to combat harmful 
practices and improve access to and deepen accountability for sexual and reproductive health and 
rights,  and  the  ‘Advocacy,  Coalition  Building  and  Transformative  Feminist  Action  to  End  Violence 
Against Women’ (ACT) programme, implemented in partnerships with UN Women. 

Other  targeted  actions,  such  as  the  Eastern  Partnership  ‘EU4Gender  Equality’  programme,  fight 
gender-discriminatory attitudes  and practices  in institutional and community spheres, contributing 
to  the  prevention  of  gender-based  violence.  The  WYDE/Women  Leadership  programme  promotes 
inclusiveness  in  democratic  processes  by  enhancing  the  participation  of  youth  and  women  in  all 
aspects of public life. 

Efforts have  also continued to include  a gender  dimension in EU-funded humanitarian aid. The  EU 
allocated  approximately  EUR  47  million  in  2023  from  its  humanitarian  aid  budget  for  targeted 
actions  to  prevent,  mitigate  and  respond  to  gender-based  violence  in  emergencies.  A  further 
approximately EUR 31.5 million was allocated to accommodate the sexual and reproductive health 
and rights needs of women and girls in humanitarian situations. 

The  EU  has  applied  restrictive  measures  (sanctions)  as  part  of  its  gender  equality  policy  tools.  In 
2024, two packages under the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime were adopted in response 
to sexual and gender-based violence crimes. 

61 Data cover all new actions under the MFF 2021-2027 for NDICI-Global Europe, CSFP and IPA III. 
62 Gender lens investing (GLI) is an investment strategy that incorporates gender-based factors into the investment process 
to promote gender equality and enhance financial performance. 

41 

 
 
 
 
126 000 people benefited from EU-funded programmes to counter sexual and gender-based 
violence(63). 

3.1.6. SDG #6 Clean water and sanitation 

Figure 3. SDG 6 – interlinkages with other goals 

The  total  of  commitments  for  SDG 6  on  clean  water  and  sanitation  under  NDICI-Global  Europe  in 
2024 amounts to EUR 266 million. Figure 3 above shows main synergies between SDG 6 with a broad 
range  of  other  significant  SDGs  (numbers  on  the  right),  notably  with  SDG 11  on  sustainable  cities 
(EUR 181.5 million) and SDG 13 on climate action (EUR 158 million). 

The world is currently off-track to meet SDG 6 targets: 2.2 billion people in the world were lacking 
safely managed drinking water services in 2022(64), i.e. around 200 million more than in 2020, while 
almost half of the global population lacks safe sanitation. 

In  2024,  the  EU  stepped  up  its  commitment  to  reaching  its  target  of  supporting  access  to  an 
improved  drinking  water  source  and/or  sanitation  facility  for  70  million  individuals.  Activities  and 
Global  Gateway 
investments  for  water  access,  sanitation  and  hygiene  (WASH)  are  being 
implemented in around 50 countries, while the private sector is being mobilised to further increase 
this  reach.  The  Climate  Investor  2  Fund  saw  the  first  infrastructure  works  started or contracted  in 
Vietnam, the Philippines, Mozambique, Mexico and South Africa. In fragile and rural areas like the 
north of Mozambique, Nicaragua, Papua New Guinea and Madagascar, EU programmes are reaching 
vulnerable populations with sustainable WASH services. In Vietnam, the facility for water and natural 
resources management  increased its  leverage for AFD concessional loans of up to EUR 450 million 

63 Results achieved by interventions under the current multiannual financial framework (2021-2027). For further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 
64 Latest available figure. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
from  the  Agence  Française  de  Développement.  The  aim  is  to  address  coastal  erosion  and  water 
management  in  river  basins  and  to  increase  populations’  resilience  and  economic  dynamism  in 
vulnerable areas. 

The  EU  also  intensified  efforts  to  promote  access  to  WASH  services  during  humanitarian  crises. 
Besides integrating environmental considerations into WASH interventions, emphasis was placed on 
the human right to water and sanitation at the core of its mandate through the implementation of 
the EU Human Rights Guidelines on Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation(65). 

Under  the  2023  UN  Water  Action  Agenda,  the  EU  also  committed  to  improve  transboundary 
cooperation  across  water  basins.  Owing  to  policy  outreach  and  cooperation  through  TEIs  on 
transboundary water management in Africa and Central Asia, the EU helped extend the global reach 
of the Water Convention considerably. At the 10th meeting of the Parties, nine new Parties attended 
for the first time, and 20 countries, mostly in African countries, joined the accession process. 

In 2024, the EU continued its enhanced efforts in support to multilateralism on water. As a result, a 
UNEA-6 resolution on water was adopted on 1 March(66). Furthermore, a first-ever UN system-wide 
strategy  for  water  and  sanitation  was  launched  on  16 July.  Finally, the UN  Special  Envoy on water 
took office on 1 November. Preparations started for the next UN Water Conference in 2026, with the 
UNGA resolution on its modalities adopted on 6 September(67). 

The EU and its Southern Neighbours are also parties to the Barcelona Convention and support the 
Union  for  Mediterranean  (UfM)  water  policy  framework  for  actions  2030.  A  UfM  ministerial 
declaration is planned for early 2026 and will include provisions for supporting: the WEFE approach; 
digitalisation of the water sector; and water finance. In 2024 a new regional project entitled ‘Water 
and  Environment  Support-Biodiversity  and  Climate  Action’  was  launched  for  a  three-year  period, 
with a EUR 7 million contribution. 

In the Neighbourhood East and Enlargement region, the aim has also been to improve governance 
leading to regional and sub-regional water resilience. The Water and Environment  Support  project 
and the EU4Environment Water and Data programme are supporting more sustainable use of water 
resources and improving the use of sound environmental data in the Eastern Partnership. In 2024, a 
EUR 5 million EU guarantee was signed for Azerbaijan, which will leverage EUR 40 million for water 
and sanitation infrastructure. In the candidate countries and potential candidates, EU for Water in 
Albania and EU for Modern Wastewater in North Macedonia are examples of programmes that aim 
to support integrated water management and wastewater pollution reduction. 

65 https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/hr_guidelines_sanitation_en.pdf 
66 UNEP/EA.6/Res.13, 1 March 2024. Effective and inclusive solutions for strengthening water policies to achieve 
sustainable development in the context of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. 
https://docs.un.org/en/UNEP/EA.6/RES.13 
67 A/78/L.110, August 2024. Modalities of the 2026 United Nations Water Conference to Accelerate the Implementation of 
Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. 
https://docs.un.org/en/A/78/L.110 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
1 800 000 people could access improved drinking water sources and/or sanitation facilities with EU 
support(68). 

3.1.7. SDG #10 Reduced inequalities 

Figure 4. SDG 10 – interlinkages with other goals 

The  total  of  commitments  for  SDG 10  on  reduced  inequalities  under  NDICI-Global  Europe  in  2024 
amounts  to  EUR 3.77 billion.  Figure  4  above  shows  main  synergies  between  SDG 10  with  a  broad 
range  of  other  significant  SDGs  (numbers  on  the  right),  notably  with  SDG 5  on  gender  equality 
(EUR 1.07 billion) and SDG 16 on peace and justice (EUR 453.28 billion). 

Rising global inequality threatens decades of progress, leaving the vulnerable behind. Only 10% of 
nations  are  meeting  SDG 10  targets.  Post-COVID-19,  Human  Development  Index  scores  have 
declined in an unprecedented number of countries, with the 2024 report from the United Nations 
Development Programme (UNDP) showing continuing deviation from pre-2019 trends. The recovery 
is  projected  to  be  unequal,  with  the  poorest  nations  suffering  most.  This  multifaceted  inequality 
hinders  SDG  achievement,  fuelling  instability  and  injustice,  impacting  both  Europe  and  its  partner 
countries. 

In  2024,  the  EU  continued  to  build  a  multifaceted  response  to  inequalities.  First,  the  EU’s  Global 
Gateway  strategy  offers  a  framework  for  addressing  inequalities  by  scaling  up  investment  in  key 
priorities  (energy  and  climate,  digital  connectivity, transport,  health,  and  education  and  research), 
that  hold  significant  potential  to  reduce  inequalities.  This  approach  is  grounded  in  EU  values  and 

68 Results achieved by interventions under the current multiannual financial framework (2021-2027). For further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
aims  to  provide  comprehensive  support  across  these  interconnected  priorities  (360-degree 
approach). 

Secondly,  the  EU  continued  to  implement  policy  measures  and  programmes  to  support  inequality 
reduction. This includes  efforts  against  tax  evasion and corruption, investment in social protection 
systems, human development, and education in partner countries. The EU also designed the Team 
Europe ‘Equality Flagship’ initiatives in partner countries where inequality is a significant challenge 
and a political priority. From digitalisation in Kenya to decent work in Bangladesh, these initiatives 
are transformational in reducing inequality. 

The  EU  has  actively  monitored  its  efforts  on  inequalities,  so  it  can  effectively  target  the  most 
vulnerable. The first Inequality Marker (‘I-Marker’) was launched to enable the Commission to better 
understand, track and benchmark its impact on inequalities, across all sectors. After the first year of 
implementing the Inequality Marker, results show that, among new actions under the responsibility 
of the Commissioner for International Partnerships committed in 2023, 59% had a substantial focus 
on reducing inequality (either I-1 or I-2), establishing a strong initial benchmark. 

The 2023 Council Conclusions on social, green and digital transition(69) recommended the broadest 
application of the I-Marker, including in TEIs and with regard to the Global Gateway, and encouraged 
EU Member States to use it. France and Spain adopted it in 2024. 

The Gender Action Plan III ensures full, equal and meaningful participation for all women and girls. 
The  human-rights-based  approach  (HRBA)  puts  rights-holders  at  the  centre  of  EU  cooperation. 
Through its Global Health Strategy, the EU works to put SDG 3 on good health and well-being back 
on  track.  And  with  the  first-ever  Youth  Action  Plan,  the  EU  supports  young  people  in  leading  the 
global change by engaging, empowering and connecting them. 

The  EU  strategy  for  the  rights  of  people  with  disabilities  promotes  the  inclusion  of  persons  with 
disabilities  in  external  action.  Progress  in  this  area  continues,  and  as  measured  by  the  OECD 
Disability Marker, 46% of new commitments in 2024 paid attention to their inclusion. 

Social  protection  reduces  inequality  through  redistribution  and  ensures  equal  opportunities.  It 
supports  just  transitions  by  providing  income  security  and  mitigating  negative  impacts  on 
livelihoods. The EU is committed to supporting robust social protection systems that go beyond basic 
poverty  programmes.  This  is  done  through  comprehensive  approaches  that  combine  budget 
support,  technical  assistance,  policy  dialogue,  and  cooperation  with  various  stakeholders.  The  EU 
advocates for progressive universal access, leveraging its own experience with strong social security 
systems.  In  2024,  the  EU  continued  its  support  for  the  SOCIEUX+  facility,  launched  a  project 
supporting  the  Digital  Convergence  Initiative,  and  initiated  the  TEI  on  Social  Protection  in  Sub-
Saharan Africa. 

1 900 000 migrants, refugees and internally displaced people or individuals from host 
communities were protected or assisted with EU support(70). 

69  Council  Conclusions  15732/23,  21 November  2023.  https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15732-2023-
INIT/en/pdf 
70 Results achieved by interventions under the current multiannual financial framework (2021-2027). For further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 

45 

 
 
 
 
3.1.8. Other major achievements 

To  showcase  the  progress  on  the  Youth  Action  Plan  in  EU  external  action  (2022-2027),  the  EU 
organised  the  Global  Gateway  High-Level  Youth  Event  which  reinforced  partnerships  with  young 
people and explored synergies between the Global Gateway and youth engagement. Furthermore, 
several initiatives were launched. 

The  Youth  Empowerment  Fund  backed  youth-led  solutions  for  achieving  the  UN  SDGs.  It  included 
youth engagement mechanisms like the Youth Panel, which advised on funding allocation. The first 
call for proposals received over 10 000 submissions. 

The  Africa-Europe  Youth  Academy  strengthened  youth  capacities  and  opportunities.  One 
component launched a leadership programme under a ‘Team Europe’ approach (France, Italy). 

The Women and Youth in Democratic Engagement initiative supported young people’s participation 
in  decision-making,  political  processes  and  civic  movements.  Over  50  sub-grants  in  30  countries 
enabled young people to organise concrete local actions. 

The  fourth  ‘Bridging  the  Gap’  event,  held  in  Albania  in  February  2024,  was  co-organised  by  the 
European Commission and the European Parliament’s Young Political Leaders Programme. Returning 
to  the  region  after  2018,  it  brought  together  parliamentarians  and  youth  organisations  to  discuss 
youth policies, EU enlargement, disinformation and green and digital transitions. 

In  culture,  the  ‘ACP-EU  Programme  towards  a  viable  cultural  industry’  continued  to  support  more 
than 143 projects across Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, fostering socio-economic 
development. Continued support  for the audiovisual sector highlighted the growing recognition of 
filmmakers, promoting intercultural dialogue and cultural diversity. 

The  EU-UNESCO  Expert  Facility  assisted  policymaking  to  enhance  the  creative  industries’  role  in 
sustainable  development.  With  89  selected  experts,  technical  assistance  was  launched  in  eight 
partner  countries.  Regional  workshops  for  the  ‘UNESCO  Culture  |  2030  Indicators’  programme 
involved 31 countries, with 10 set to implement the framework. 

3.2.  Green Deal 

3.2.1. SDG #7 Affordable and clean energy 

In  line  with  the  European  Green  Deal,  the  Commission  continued  to  support  actions  in  partner 
countries to increase sustainable energy access and decarbonise the energy sector. 

In  November  2024,  European  Commission  President  Ursula  von  der  Leyen  and  South  African 
President Cyril Ramaphosa launched the campaign ‘Scaling up Renewables in Africa’, aiming at new 
commitments  to  boost  renewable  power  generation  in  Africa.  The  TEI  ‘Africa-EU  Green  Energy 
Initiative’ progressed well with the completion of the rehabilitation of the Kariba Dam in Zambia(71), 
progress on the Zambia-Tanzania-Kenya interconnector and the inauguration of the Boundiali solar 
plant in Ivory Coast. TEIs supporting renewable hydrogen were launched in Namibia and Mauritania. 

71  In  August  2024,  the  EU-funded  part  of  this  rehabilitation  project  was  completed.  The  rest  of  the  rehabilitation  not 
funded by the EU should be completed in 2025. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
In Central Asia, progress has been made with the Rogun Hydropower Project in Tajikistan, which will 
serve  as  an  anchor  for  a  regional  electricity  market,  as  well  as  the  Kambar  Ata  dam  project  in 
Kyrgyzstan.  In  South  Asia,  work  continued  on  the  Regional  Energy  Connectivity  Global  Gateway 
flagship  project,  aimed  at  increasing  cross-border  trading  in  electricity.  In  Southeast  Asia,  work 
started on the development of the ASEAN Power Grid focusing on the regional energy market and 
infrastructure planning. 

In Latin America, the EU introduced a regional initiative on electricity integration, including projects 
such  as  the  Peru-Ecuador  interconnection  and  a  European  Investment  Bank  financing  facility  for 
Central America. Through Euroclima, a regional programme promoting mitigation and adaptation to 
climate change, the EU continued to support green hydrogen activities in the region. 

Investments  in  energy  interconnectivity  between  the  Eastern  Neighbourhood  and  the  EU  help 
mitigate  energy  dependencies  and  address  vulnerabilities  related  to  climate  change  impacts, 
environmental challenges and hybrid threats. The  investments focus on green finance,  diversifying 
energy  sources  and  supply  routes,  deploying  renewable  energy  and  synchronising  electricity 
markets. In Moldova, in 2024, energy efficiency solutions in public buildings were implemented and 
two new projects were launched to support energy efficiency in residential housing. Since 2023, the 
regional energy efficiency programme in the Western Balkans has blended policy support with loans, 
technical assistance and incentives to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy investment. 
This integrated package has reached over 1 000 SMEs, 16 000 households, and 400 public buildings 
across 700 cities and towns. 

As part of the greening of humanitarian aid, the European Commission(72) continued to implement a 
series  of  innovation  projects,  worth  EUR 1.2  million  in  2024.  Within  the  scope  of  these  greening 
projects, partners are encouraged to consider greener solutions for energy generation such as solar 
panels instead of fossil fuel generators for well pumps and schools. 

The  Commission  is  also  an  active  member of  the  Clean  Energy  Ministerial  (CEM),  which  is  a  clean 
energy  leadership  platform  to  accelerate  clean  energy  transitions.  The  Commission  is  a  co-lead  in 
multiple initiatives under CEM, such as the campaign on sustainable lifestyles, fairness and access to 
clean energy technologies and the empowering people initiative. 

3.2.2. SDG #11 Sustainable cities and communities 

SDG 11  recognises  the  central  role  cities  play  in  economic  development  and  innovation  while 
highlighting the need to address environmental and social challenges. Its successful implementation 
can lead to improved living conditions, better urban governance, and more sustainable growth. 

Cities, which currently house over half of the world’s population, are projected to accommodate two 
thirds of humanity by 2050, with developing countries accounting for 90%  of the  upcoming global 
urban  growth.  They  are  the  locus  of major  threats  but  also  the  biggest  potential  for  attaining  the 
SDGs.  Additionally,  metropolitan  areas  are  becoming  increasingly  strategic  hubs,  along  major 
regional  economic  corridors.  Finally,  for  displaced  populations  worldwide,  they  offer  shelter  and 
multiple  opportunities.  To  support  functioning  cities  that  can  deliver  on  the  various  aspects 
mentioned  above,  the  EU  encourages  a  more  cohesive  strategy  for  productive,  sustainable  and 
inclusive urban development, in cooperation with local actors and authorities, service providers and 
the private sector. 

72 More specifically DG ECHO, the Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. 

47 

 
 
 
In  2024,  urban  investments  were  supported  through  blending  (e.g.  urban  mobility  in  Senegal  and 
in  project  preparation  and 
solid  waste  management  in  Ecuador)  and  technical  assistance 
engagement  with  counterparts  (knowledge  partners, 
institutions  and 
implementing authorities), mainly  in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean and the 
Neighbourhood. The EU also started the first NDICI-Global-Europe-funded Sub-Saharan Africa urban 
intervention for the integration of displaced communities. 

international  financial 

Achieving the ambitions of the Global Gateway strategy and the Green Deal relies on actions within 
and  by  cities.  Local  government  plays  a  crucial  role  in  fulfilling  SDG 11  and  many  other  SDGs.  The 
European  Commission  worked  to  enhance  connections  between  EU  cities  and  those  in  partner 
countries. The city-to-city partnerships for sustainable urban development have led to the creation 
of  57  partnerships  that  engage  in  various  aspects  of  sustainable  urban  progress.  This  was 
complemented by the global International Urban and Regional Cooperation programme. 

The  European  Commission  co-founded  the  Global  Covenant  of  Mayors  initiative,  which  involves 
cities  that  pledge to implement sustainable energy policies and engage  in local actions for climate 
change mitigation and adaptation. Currently, the Global Covenant includes over 11 500 cities across 
140  countries.  In  2024,  agreement  was  reached  on  funding  for  its  fourth  phase  in  Sub-Saharan 
Africa, with roll-out set for 2025. In 2024, the EU also renewed its support for the ‘MobiliseYourCity’ 
partnership,  which  aims  to  provide  clean  transport  solutions  for  urban  mobility.  Deploying 
sustainable mobility in urban contexts helps decarbonise the transport sector and cities. 

Urban preparedness is a key focus area for the EU, demonstrated through its investment in Malawi 
and  Zimbabwe.  In  Malawi,  the  EU  collaborates  with  UNDP,  while  in  Zimbabwe,  it  partners  with  a 
consortium  of  the  World  Food  Programme  and  the  International  Federation  of  the  Red  Cross  to 
strengthen resilience in rapidly urbanising yet fragile contexts. These initiatives aim to mitigate risks, 
save lives, and enhance the capacity of urban communities to withstand future disasters. One such 
intervention is the implementation of Urban Cash Transfer programmes, which provide vulnerable 
urban  households  with  crucial  support.  In  Zimbabwe,  economic  instability  and  disasters  –  such  as 
cyclones  and  pandemics  –  severely  impact  urban  livelihoods,  particularly  for  informal  workers.  By 
addressing  these  challenges,  the  EU  helps  with  building  safer  and  more  resilient  urban 
environments. 

3.2.3. SDG #12 Responsible consumption and production 

The EU is committed to promoting sustainable consumption and production (SCP) in its international 
partnerships,  as  an  essential  contribution  to  SDG 12.  Supporting  decarbonised  circular  economic 
development models that are more efficient in the use of energy and natural resources is critical to 
achieving sustainable development within planetary boundaries. It is also a central objective of the 
new  EU  Clean  Industrial  Deal.  EU  international  partnerships  in  these  areas  focus  mainly  on 
developing awareness and knowledge of the green/circular-economy transition, supporting enabling 
policies  and  institutional  frameworks  for  the  circular  economy,  promoting  circular  business 
development in key value chains and mobilising finance for the global circular-economy transition. 
Contributions to responsible consumption and production also derive from EU actions addressing a 
range  of  other  SDGs,  notably  SDGs  8  (decent  work  and  economic  growth),  9  (industry,  innovation 
and infrastructure), 13 (climate change) and 14 (terrestrial ecosystems). 

At  global  level,  the  EU  has  supported multilateral  dialogues,  civil  society  engagement,  knowledge-
sharing and action to pilot circularity in global value chains, notably through the UN Partnership on 

48 

 
 
Green  Economy  (PAGE),  the  Green  Economy  Coalition,  the  Green  Growth  Knowledge  Platform 
(GGKP) and the Switch to Circular Value Chains programme. 

At  regional  and  country  level,  the  EU  has  supported  a  growing  number  of  non-EU  countries,  to 
promote  SCP  and  the  transition  to  green  and  circular  economies.  In  2024,  over  100  countries 
worldwide  benefited from EU  support  in relation with SCP  and the  circular economy. This support 
was  given  through  country  programmes  and  regional  programmes,  including  regional  SWITCH 
programmes in Asia and the Mediterranean, the AL-INVEST Verde programme in Latin America and 
the Caribbean, and the EU for Environment for the East Neighbourhood. 

In  2024,  at  the  World  Circular  Economy  Forum,  the  Commissioner  for  International  Partnerships 
launched  two  innovative  programmes:  the  SWITCH  programme  to  support  circular  economy  in 
Eastern  and  Central  Africa,  and  the  Circular  Economy  Resource  Centre  that  will  promote  peer-to-
peer partnerships between private and public actors in the EU and in non-EU countries to promote 
the uptake of sound circular business models and policies. 

In 2024, the EU also supported the African Union Commission in developing Africa’s first continental 
roadmap on circular economy. It also provided support for the Global Alliance on Circular Economy 
and  Resource  Efficiency,  the  Africa  Circular  Economy  Alliance,  the  LAC  Coalition  on  Circular 
Economy, and regional platforms on circular economy in South-East Asia and Central Europe. 

3.2.4. SDG #13 Climate action 

Climate  change  is  a  key  priority  for  the  EU’s  external  action.  A  major  component  in  the  EU’s 
engagement with partner countries is the roll-out of TEIs, as part of the Global Gateway strategy. 

Together,  the  EU,  its  Member  States  and  the  European  Investment  Bank  constitute  the  biggest 
In  2023,  they  provided 
contributor  to  public  climate  finance  for  developing  economies. 
EUR 28.6 billion  in  public  finance,  with  a  further  EUR 7.2  billion  in  private  finance  mobilised  to 
support international climate action. 

The EU has integrated climate change and the environment into all its policies. The EU has set over 
2021-2027  a  spending  target  of  30%  of  NDICI-Global  Europe  funds  to  contribute  to  climate 
objectives. Over  2021-2024, under  the NDICI-Global Europe, all decided actions contributed to the 
climate spending target for a total corresponding to 25% out of the total committed amount. 

In 2024, the EU continued to be a global leader in the green transition, for instance through active 
participation  at  the  UNFCCC  COP29,  where  a  new  collective  quantified  goal  (NCQG)  for  climate 
finance  was agreed on. This will provide  a crucial framework  for mobilising the financial resources 
needed to support developing countries. Next to the NCQG, the EU also takes up an active role in 
the  negotiations  of  the  implementation  of  the  UNFCCC  Just  Transition  Work  programme.  This 
programme  is  meant  to  assess,  design  and  scale  up  pathways  to  achieve  the  goals  of  the  Paris 
Agreement  in  a  way  that  is  just  and  equitable  for  all,  leaving  no  one  behind.  The  Fund  for 
Responding  to  Loss  and  Damage,  to  which  the  EU  pledged  EUR 25 million,  began  its  operational 
work,  with  the  EU  and  Ireland  sharing  a  seat  on  the  Board.The  Covenant  of  Mayors  East,  an  EU-
funded  project  promoting  the  EU’s  climate  and  energy  initiative  in  Eastern  Partnership  countries, 
was showcased at COP29 as well. New signatories committed to reducing CO2 emissions by at least 
30% by 2030. 

The  TEI  on  Adaptation  and  Resilience  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  made  further  progress,  strengthening 
adaptation  and  resilience  through  innovative  mechanisms.  These  included  support  for  the  Global 
Shield against Climate Risks Initiative, the Africa-EU space partnership programme and African Risk 

49 

 
 
Capacity through which Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe received support to respond 
to the severe drought caused by El Niño. As part of this TEI, the EU has continued to contribute to 
the  Adaptation  Fund  (EUR 100 million).  In  South  Asia,  the  EU  allocated  EUR 12 million  to  support 
disaster risk reduction through Earth observation and climate services, and it will work with South 
Asian  countries  to  build  their  national  capacities.  The  EU  remained  committed  to  championing 
methane emissions reduction through additional support to the Global Methane Pledge. 

In 2024 the EU launched new programmes to support the Great Green Wall (GGW) initiative, aiming 
to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land and sequester 250 million tonnes of carbon, while 
improving food security in the Sahel. 

The  EU  continues  to  factor  climate  and  environmental  risk  considerations  into  humanitarian 
operations(73). In 2024, the Commission allocated EUR 79.6 million to disaster preparedness activities 
including for support for communities to prepare for the impacts of climate change. 

3.2.5. SDG #14 Life below water 

Progress  has  been  slow  in  addressing  threats  and  impacts,  including  pollution,  eutrophication, 
overfishing, loss of biodiversity and ecosystems, and climate change. Most SDG 14 targets will not be 
reached by the deadline. 

The  ocean  is  an  increasingly  important  aspect  of  EU  diplomacy  and  cooperation,  hence  the  EU’s 
commitment  to  doubling  external  funding  for  biodiversity  over  2021-2027.  In  2024,  the  EU 
maintained a high level of commitment towards achieving SDG 14 targets. It prepared for ratification 
of the  ‘High Sea Treaty’(74), and maintained its position on deep-seabed mining: it should not  start 
until:  (i)  we  have  sufficient  scientific  evidence  that  deep-sea  ecosystems  will  not  be  damaged  by 
mining; and (ii) the regulations governing exploitation contain provisions for the effective protection 
of  the  marine  environment.  The  EU  has  continued  its  fight  against  illegal,  unreported  and 
unregulated 
including  through  bilateral  dialogues  with  third  countries  and  the 
implementation of the catch certification scheme. 

fishing, 

The  EU  renewed  its  financial  support  for  regional  fisheries  bodies  to  improve  the  sustainability  of 
fisheries worldwide. It also adopted several regional external action programmes focusing on ocean 
governance,  sustainable  aquatic  food  systems,  sustainable  use,  conservation  and  observation, 
through  an  integrated  approach.  For  example,  a  EUR 40 million  Global  Ocean  programme  was 
adopted to support the involvement of partner countries in the conservation and sustainable use of 
the  high  seas,  as  were  several  regional  programmes  to  strengthen  ocean  governance,  sustainable 
blue  economy  and  conservation  in  the  Pacific  (EUR 20 million),  the  Western  Indian  Ocean 
(EUR 58 million), and Central Africa (EUR 42 million), complementing the two regional programmes 
adopted in 2023 in West and Southern Africa. The EU also allocated EUR 7 million to support ocean 
prediction  capacities  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  in  alignment  with  the  SDG 14  target  on  developing 
research  capacity  and  transferring  marine  technology.  In  the  Mediterranean  region,  through  the 
Water  and  Environment  Support  –  Biodiversity  and Climate  Action (WES-BCA) programme,  the  EU 
continued to  support  marine  and  coastal ecosystem conservation  and  pollution  reduction through 
wastewater treatment, marine litter reduction and the fight against single-use plastics. The EU also 

73 COM(2021) 110 final, 10 March 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/hacommunication2021.pdf 
74 Agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ), 
adopted in June 2023. 

50 

 
 
 
collaborates closely with its Black Sea neighbours under the Common Maritime Agenda, continuing 
activities such as the EU4EMBLAS environmental monitoring project. 

These programmes are complemented by a wide range of national-level programmes all around the 
globe,  from  mangrove  protection  and  management  to  reduction  of  pollution  from  land-based 
sources and developing sustainable blue economy activities. 

3.2.6. SDG #15 Life on Land 

Figure 5. SDG 15 – interlinkages with other goals 

Figure 5 shows the total amount of commitments for SDG 15 life on land (EUR 371.49 million) under 
NDICI-Global  Europe  in 2024  and  its  contribution  to other  significant  SDGs.  The  graph  shows main 
synergies between SDG 15 and SDG 5 on gender equality (EUR 356.8 million) and SDG 13 on climate 
action (EUR 356.6 million). 

In  line  with  its  ambition  of  doubling  external  biodiversity  funding  to  EUR 7 billion  for  the  period 
2021-2027, the Commission has already mobilised EUR 3. 847 billion for biodiversity over 2021-2024 
(including  NDICI-Global  Europe  and  IPA),  supporting  interventions  that  benefit  people,  nature  and 
sustainable economies. 

Following the adoption of the ambitious Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) at 
the UN Biodiversity COP15 in 2022, the EU increased its support for partners. At the UN Biodiversity 
COP16,  it  launched  a  EUR 27 million  global  programme  to  combat  wildlife  trafficking  and  a 
EUR 69 million package on capacity development for GBF implementation. The latter will support a 
wide  range  of  stakeholders.  For  example,  it  will  support:  national  administrations  in  mobilising 
biodiversity  funding;  scientific  institutions  in  enhancing  biodiversity  monitoring,  reporting  and 
policymaking;  and  civil  society  in  protecting  nature  in  biodiversity  hotspots  while  promoting 
empowerment and rights recognition for indigenous peoples and local communities in conservation. 

Further  to  the  signing,  at  presidential  level,  of  six  Forest  Partnerships  in  the  margins  of  UNFCCC 
COP27 and COP28, the EU signed a new Forest Partnership with Gabon in 2024. Forest Partnerships 

51 

 
 
 
are  designed  to  address  global  challenges  such  as  climate  change  and  biodiversity  loss,  while 
meeting  socio-economic  development  objectives  through  the  promotion  of  forest-related  value 
chains and sustainable trade in wood products. 

The  Commission  furthered  its  work  on  forest  law  enforcement,  governance  and  trade  (FLEGT), 
notably  via  voluntary  partnership  agreements,  which  have  improved  governance  and  regulatory 
frameworks  leading  to  greater  transparency,  greater  accountability  and  more  sustainable  forest 
management.  Thanks  to  the  work  done  on  FLEGT  licences  in  2024,  Ghana  is  set  to  become  the 
second country globally and first in Africa to issue FLEGT licences. 

Launched  at  UNFCCC  COP28,  the  TEI  on  Deforestation-free  Value  Chains  was  scaled  up  to 
EUR 86 million. The SAFE pillar was extended to Brazil, Burundi, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic 
of Congo, Ecuador, Indonesia, Peru, Uganda, Vietnam and Zambia. 

The  Commission  promoted  an  integrated  landscape  approach  through  its  NaturAfrica  initiative  to 
protect biodiversity, support territorial governance and the green economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 
2024,  the  EU  expanded  NaturAfrica’s  support to 117 700 km2  of  protected  areas  across  45 African 
countries.  Under  the  ‘Sustainable  Wildlife  Management’  programme,  the  EU  supported  the 
development  of  innovative  models  for  conservation  and  sustainable  management  of  wild  species 
covering 34 521 km2. 

The  EU  continued  to  support  the  African-led  Great  Green  Wall  initiative  in  the  Sahel  and  Horn  of 
Africa.  At  UNCCD  COP16  (Conference  of  the  Parties  to  the  UN  Convention  to  Combat 
Desertification), the Commission launched Phase II of the Regreening Africa programme, its central 
land restoration initiative for the region. 

In Peru, the Commission, along with the Peruvian government and international donors, launched a 
pilot  project  to  assess  potential  and  challenges  relating  to  biodiversity  certification  and  nature 
credits. 

In the Southern Neighbourhood, the Commission is contracting a regional project on forest genetic 
resources conservation which will be implemented by the European Forest Institute. 

In  the  Eastern  Partnership  countries,  the  ‘EU4Environment’  programme  continued  to  focus  on 
sustainable  management  of  forests  and  land-based  resources  through  community  engagement, 
strengthening  timber  trade  controls,  and  conserving/restoring  natural  capital  by  developing 
guidelines and management plans for Emerald sites(75). Country-specific activities were launched to 
advance the Emerald Network in Ukraine. 

In  the  Western  Balkans  region,  the  ‘EU4Green’  programme  focuses  on  protected  areas  in 
floodplains,  and  conservation  of  diversity  of  species,  habitats  and  ecosystems,  including  endemic 
species and areas of pristine nature. 

Attention was also given in  all candidate countries to supporting legislative  alignment with the EU 
Nature Directives. 

75  The  Emerald  Network  is  a  pan-European  network  of  protected  sites.  It  consists  of  the  Areas  of  Special  Conservation 
Interest  (ASCI)  designated  under  the Bern  Convention on  the  Conservation  of  European  Wildlife  and  Natural  Habitats. 
Protected areas networks | Biodiversity Information System for Europe 

52 

 
 
 
 
14 500 km2 of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems were under protection with EU support(76). 

3.2.7. Other major achievements 

The  Multiannual  Indicative  Programme  2021-2027  of  the  European  Instrument  for  Nuclear  Safety 
Cooperation (INSC) finalised a mid-term review in 2024. The review concluded that the programme’s 
priorities were fit for purpose, so did not need to be amended for 2025-2027. 

In 2024, INSC activities in Ukraine continued to be implemented with limited implementation delays 
despite Russia’s unprovoked war of aggression since February 2022 and the subsequent war-related 
hardship  conditions,  such  as  insecurity  and  frequent  electricity  blackouts.  The  INSC-funded 
programmes in Ukraine remained persistent in meeting the needs of our partners under challenging 
and constantly evolving conditions, underlining how Ukraine has remained a priority for the EU and 
the  Instrument.  Our  support  has  included  restoring  stolen,  looted  and  destroyed  nuclear  and 
radiation-protection-related  infrastructure  in  Ukraine.  These  achievements  are  the  result  of  the 
determination  and  resilience  of  the  Ukrainian  beneficiaries,  the  implementing  partners  and  the 
coordination efforts of the EU through its support organisations in Ukraine. 

Beyond Ukraine,  the  EU continued its  cooperation in the field of nuclear safety, radioactive  waste 
management  and  nuclear  safeguards  around  the  world.  In  particular,  it  pursued  its  commitment 
under  Annex  3(77)  to  the  Joint  Comprehensive  Plan  of  Action  (JCPoA)  relating  to  civil  nuclear 
cooperation  with  Iran,  for  instance  through  the  delivery  of  monitoring  equipment.  The  EU  also 
continued to address the environmental remediation of the legacy of former uranium mining sites in 
Central Asia via the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, through the Environmental 
Remediation  Account.  Three  sites  have  been  fully  remediated  so  far  (Min-Kush  and  Shekaftar  in 
Kyrgyzstan and Charkesar in Uzbekistan). 

3.3.  Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

3.3.1. SDG #9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure 

Research and innovation 

The  EU  continued  to  support  research  and  innovation  ecosystems  in  developing  countries,  in 
particular in Sub-Saharan Africa, by focusing on capacity-strengthening and policy frameworks, and 
investment  decisions.  A  Centre  of  Excellence  for 
innovation  and  research  for 
Pharmacovigilance  was  established  at  the  University  of  Western  Cape  to  provide  training  for 
regulators  and  researchers  in  the  region.  With  researchers  working  in  38  African  countries,  the 
African  Research  Initiative  for  Scientific  Excellence  (ARISE)  has  started  to  produce  outcomes, 

informed 

76 Results achieved by interventions under the current multiannual financial framework (2021-2027). For further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 
77 https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/statements-
eeas/docs/iran_agreement/annex_3_civil_nuclear_cooperation_en.pdf 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
including knowledge  products, new networks and collaborators, and support for master's and PhD 
research students. 

The  ACP  (African,  Caribbean  and  Pacific)  Research  and  Innovation  Programme,  the  ‘Valorising 
Research,  Results  and  Innovation  in  West  Africa’  project  aims  to  strengthen  the  innovation 
ecosystems  in  Benin,  Burkina  Faso,  Senegal,  and  Togo.  It  supported  two  incubation  centres  in 
Senegal run by the Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles and the Université Gaston Berger de 
Saint-Louis.  The  incubation  centres  pool  and  accelerate  the  transfer  of  agricultural  and  agri-food 
research technologies and know-how to final users, facilitate purchases of equipment, and provide 
training for researchers in business creation, intellectual property and innovation management. 

The  ‘STI4SDGs’  project  assisted  five  African  countries  in  developing  roadmaps  for  investment  in 
research  and  innovation  supporting  value  chains  and  healthcare  systems,  leveraging  research  and 
innovation to enhance food self-sufficiency and optimising food systems in the Gambia and Rwanda. 

Global Gateway, digital connectivity, cybersecurity and cyber-resilience 

In 2024, the EU continued to strengthen its partnerships to boost secure and human-centric digital 
transformation  with  partner  countries,  in  close  collaboration  with  EU  Member  States,  to  mobilise 
investment,  facilitate  policy  dialogue,  promote  trusted  suppliers  and  enhance  capacity-building 
activities. 

Regional  programmes  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  and  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean  (LAC)  aimed  at 
creating  a  digital  single  market.  In  LAC,  the  Digital  Trade  Platform  with  Central  America  advanced 
significantly.  The  Global  Gateway  TEI  on  Data  Governance  in  Africa  provided  a  Digital  Investment 
Facility engaging with companies and partners. 

The  promotion  of  trusted,  secure  and  resilient  connectivity  progressed  significantly,  through  joint 
investments  such  as  the  ‘Last-Mile  Digital  Connections  to  Underserved  Areas’  in  Kenya  providing 
internet for up to 1 300 schools and a Satellite Connectivity TEI in Central Asia. Since its launch at the 
Global Gateway Forum in October 2023, the Africa Connected Programme  started supporting four 
digital investment initiatives in 2024 across Sub-Saharan Africa. 

The  second  phase  of  the  ‘Multilateralism  and  Digitalisation’  (M&D)  programme  promoted  a  free, 
secure  cyberspace,  responsible  artificial  intelligence  use,  resilient  connectivity,  and  enhanced 
capacity for girls and women. 

Digitalisation  is  key  in the  Western  Balkans’  regional market  plan,  focusing  on digital  skills,  secure 
infrastructures,  business  transformation,  and  public  services.  In  the  Eastern  Partnership,  the 
EU4Digital programme(78) continued its support for digital transformation, including, among others, 
roaming  efforts  in  Ukraine  and  Moldova.  To  accelerate  the  digital  transition,  the  EU4Digital 
programme allocated EUR 15 million in 2024. In 2024, Ukraine adopted a national strategic plan for 
digital development and transformation. 

Digital entrepreneurship, digital and green initiatives 

The  EU  continued  to  support  the  twin  digital  and  green  transitions.  The  Africa-Europe  Digital 
Innovation  Bridge  2.0  (AEDIB  2.0),  part  of  the  Global  Gateway  Africa-Europe  Investment  Package, 
promotes digital innovation, ecosystem development, and access to financial resources. 

78 https://eufordigital.eu/ 

54 

 
 
 
The  EU  also  continued  to  promote  an  integrated  approach  to  realising  the  potential  of  the  twin 
digital  and  green  transitions,  notably  through  the  Digital  Energy  Facility,  which  provided  technical 
assistance, new seed-financing proposals and awards for start-ups and utilities. 

Space technology and Earth observation 

In 2024, the EU extended its space partnerships mobilising EU assets in space data, technologies and 
services.  The  first  phase  of  the  Africa-EU  space  partnership  programme  was  launched.  This  is  a 
Global  Gateway  flagship  initiative,  establishing  a  partnership  between  the  African  Union  (AU)  and 
European  space-related  institutions  –  a  milestone  for  EU-Africa  cooperation  on  space  and  Earth 
observation.  Likewise,  the  Copernicus  mirror  site  in  the  Philippines  became  operational  and  its 
regionalisation to two other  ASEAN countries  was  agreed upon, taking forward this important EU-
Asia space collaboration. 

The EU-LAC Digital Alliance expanded with Belize, Grenada and Guyana joining. This comprehensive 
cooperation  digital  framework  delivered  significant  results  in  2024,  including  the  launch  of  the 
Digital Campus of the Copernicus Panama Centre, the introduction of new services at the Copernicus 
Chile Centre, policy dialogues, and other significant events on topics including cybersecurity, artificial 
intelligence and e-governance, in various partner countries from the LAC region. 

Sustainable transport 

Through the Global Gateway, the EU has supported multi-sectoral investments in road, rail, maritime 
and  air  transport,  through  a  360-degree  approach,  in  all  regions  of  interventions.  Up  to  2024,  35 
transport  Global  Gateway  flagships  were  submitted  –  18  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  seven  in  LAC  and 
eight in Asia and the Pacific, and two at global level. 

Efforts were made with stakeholders to enhance connectivity and infrastructure following the 2030 
Agenda and the G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment. In Africa, the Global Gateway 
has targeted trade and transport investments in 12 priority corridors, with 12 operations worth over 
EUR 3  billion,  including  an  EU  contribution  of  over  EUR 300  million.  In  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  focus 
areas  included  the  Trans-Caspian  Corridor,  with  potential  investments  in  railway  and  ports  in 
Southeast Asia, while, in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Global Gateway Investment Agenda 
was prioritised, emphasising urban and interurban mobility, as well as sustainable cargo transport. 

In  2024,  special  attention  was  also  given  to  the  green  transition  in  mobility.  The  EU  encouraged 
cleaner modes of transport and private-sector involvement. For example, it set up railway working 
groups,  pursued  the  Global  Gateway  Green  Shipping  Corridor  initiative,  and  moved  forward  on 
several projects and programmes focused on renewable and low-carbon fuels for maritime transport 
and sustainable aviation. Dialogue with relevant stakeholders (IFIs and private sector companies and 
federations)  were  also  fostered  in  2024  with  a  view  to  strengthening  strategic  procurement  rules 
and boost EU private-sector involvement in identifying investment opportunities. 

3.3.2. Other major achievements 

The Digital for Development Hub (D4D Hub) and the Knowledge Hub Digital (KHD) 

The EU’s Digital for Development (D4D) Hub expanded its role in strengthening the ‘Team Europe’ 
approach for digital cooperation and partnerships. It now encompasses 16 Member States, with two 
additional  Member  States  joining  as  observers,  There  is  also  now  a  regional  branch  for  EU 
Neighbouring  countries.  The  D4D  Hub  continued  to  facilitate  joint  digital  interventions  with  the 
private sector, civil society and academia. The Knowledge Hub Digital (KHD) provide EU Delegations 

55 

 
 
and  partners  with  specialist  expertise.  It  delivered  technical  analysis  to  advance  Global  Gateway 
actions, capacity building and a series of policy dialogues. 

E-services, e-governance and skills 

In  2024,  the  EU  continued  its  multilateral  collaboration  with  the  International  Telecommunication 
Unit (ITU), UNDP, UNESCO, OHCHR, and the UN Office for Digital and Emerging Technologies (ODET), 
under  the  global  M&D  programme,  addressing  digital  rights,  open-source  software,  capacity 
building, universal connectivity, and AI. 

In  2024,  the  EU  signed  the  Information  and  Telecommunications  Technologies  Standardisation 
programme  with  the  European  standardisation  organisations  to  harmonise  and  promote  secure, 
high-quality  technology  standards.  The  EU  also  engaged  with  partners  on  digital  public 
infrastructure/digital public goods through the UN Joint SDG Fund’s Digital Transformation Window. 

The  regional  programme  ‘Safe  Digital  Boost  for  Africa’  (SDBA)  supported  trade  and  digitalisation 
towards a sustainable African single digital market with a robust cybersecurity environment, creating 
space  for  collaboration  with  African  partners  on  e-governance,  e-commerce  and  cybersecurity. 
Other  initiatives  included  the  Tallinn  Summer  School  of  Cyber  Diplomacy  and  a  partnership  with 
Germany  to  enhance  cybersecurity  in  the  ECOWAS  (Economic  Community  of  West  African  States) 
region. 

In  December  2022,  the  EFSD+  Operational  Board  gave  its  green  light  to  start  the  negotiations  on 
40 guarantee  proposals  submitted  by  European  development  finance  institutions  for  Sub-Saharan 
Africa,  LAC  and  Asia  and  the  Pacific  regions,  with  the  aim  of  mobilising  over  EUR 50 billion  in 
sustainable investment. A package of 24 guarantee programmes amounting to EUR 2.4 billion have 
been  endorsed  by  the  EFSD+  Operational  Board  to  support  investment  –  expected  to  total 
approximately  EUR 17  billion  –  in  the  EU’s  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement  countries,  in  priority 
areas like energy, digital, and private-sector competitiveness. 

In  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  implementation  of  the  Global  Gateway  strategy  focused  on  identifying  and 
preparing investments, mainly along the strategic transport corridors endorsed in 2021. In the Asia 
and  the  Pacific  region,  emphasis  was  placed  on  developing  the  Trans-Caspian  Corridor  in  Central 
Asia. In addition, investments in urban mobility in India, and railway and ports projects in South-East 
Asia are under consideration. 

In Latin America and the Caribbean, the priority is on implementing the Global Gateway Investment 
Agenda,  launched  at  the  2023  EU-CELAC  Summit,  with  a  focus  on  urban  mobility,  railway  and 
regional maritime transport projects involving EU financial institutions. 

At  a  more  global  level,  several  initiatives  promoted  the  decarbonisation  of  transport  such  as 
‘MobiliseYourCity’,  aimed at  providing  clean  transport  solutions  for  urban  mobility,  promoting  the 
use  of  renewable  and  low-carbon  fuels  for maritime  transport,  and  sustainable  aviation  fuels.  The 
Global Green Shipping Corridors initiative was also been launched to complement these efforts. 

3.4. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

3.4.1. SDG #8 Decent work and economic growth 

In 2024, Commission work combined three complementary structural efforts: 

56 

 
 
• 

supporting implementation of the Global Gateway as the EU’s roadmap for delivering on the 
SDGs,  using  all  available  tools  to  derisk  sustainable  investment  and  help  provide  an 
environment conducive to it; 

•  using  those  tools  to  increase  alignment  of  programmes  and  partnerships  with  the  Global 

Gateway and EU priorities; and 

•  actively  steering  work  within  the  Commission,  relations  with  implementing  partners,  and 

contacts with Team Europe stakeholders to serve both these objectives. 

Some of the main achievements included the conclusion of most of the open negotiations on Open 
Architecture  guarantees  under  the  EFSD+.  The  results  were  presented  at  the  ESFD+  strategic  and 
operational boards held in December. These agreements represent the overwhelming majority of the 
guarantee  volume  approved  for  the  Open  Architecture  in  2022.  The  Commission  presented  a 
proposal  to the  boards  for  the  setting-up  of  the  EIB Investment  Window  2, expanding  the  existing 
Guarantee Agreement  to allow the  EIB to engage  with commercial sub-sovereign entities. This is a 
key  milestone,  ensuring  the  Commission  and  the  EIB  can  use  the  most  impactful  and  appropriate 
tools  in  their  financing  of the  Global  Gateway.  Guarantee  agreements  already  signed  continued  to 
deploy  investments  in  challenging  economic  contexts,  impactful  sectors  and  innovative  financial 
include  digital 
mechanisms  to  provide  essential  financing  for  Global  Gateway.  Examples 
infrastructure in South Sudan, support for entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe and hydro and solar projects 
in Bhutan. 

Action  on  critical  raw  materials  (CRMs)  was  also  scaled  up.  This  was  confirmed  as  a  top  political 
priority  and  strategic  area  of  engagement  for  the  new  Commission.  The  aim  is  to  diversify  CRM 
supply  to  the  EU  by  working  with  resource-rich  countries  to  jointly  address  partner  countries’ 
development  needs  and  EU  strategic  interests  while supporting  the  green  and digital  transition on 
both  sides.  With  the  European  Commission’s  active  involvement,  the  Critical  Raw  Materials  Act 
entered  into  force  in  May  2024.  Five  new  partnerships  on  sustainable  raw  materials  value  chains 
were  concluded  with  Australia,  Norway,  Rwanda,  Serbia  and  Uzbekistan  in  addition  to the  existing 
nine (Argentina, Canada, Chile, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Greenland, Kazakhstan, Namibia, 
Ukraine  and  Zambia).  Work  focused  increasingly  on  implementation,  through  the  endorsement  of 
roadmaps  with  concrete  activities  and  the  programming  of  actions.  Examples  include  a  national 
programme  for  Zambia  on  governance,  transparency  and  skills  development  and  a  regional 
programme  to  create  local  CRM  value  chains  and  boost  investment  opportunities  in  Central  Asia. 
Particular attention was given to supporting EU strategic interests  through an environmentally and 
socially sustainable approach in line with the decent work agenda. 

Another  achievement  included  running  multiple  strands  of  work  (including  through  the  Global 
Gateway Business Advisory Group) on private-sector engagement and support for the private sector. 
This  included  effectively  mobilising  Team  Europe  and  encouraging  ‘Team  National’  mobilisation 
around  priority  investments  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  and  the  Americas  and  the 
Caribbean regions. At the same time efforts were made to improve the investment and trade climate 
those  regions  rely  on  and  consolidating  domestic  resource  mobilisation  and  public  finance 
management under the 360-degree approach to Global Gateway flagship projects. 

2024  also  saw  active  engagement  in  the  reform  of  Multilateral  Development  Banks  and  the 
International Financial Architecture, for example by scaling up engagement with the IMF and WBG 
around Global Gateway. 

There  was  further  progress  in  helping  partner  countries  to  mobilise  private  capital  for  their 
sustainable investment: the High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) mandated by the Commission published 

57 

 
 
its recommendations on scaling up sustainable finance in low- and middle-income countries; the first 
activities were deployed under the Sustainable Finance Advisory Hub; and negotiations with partners 
progressed  for  the  launching  of  the  Global  Green  Bond  Initiative  (GGBI).  The  Commission  actively 
engaged  in  early  preparations,  leading  on  to  negotiations  in  2025,  for  the  Fourth  International 
Conference on Financing for Development in Seville. 

Collaboration  between  export  credit  agencies  and  development  finance  actors  intensified:  a 
Commission  expert  group  was  established  with  public  development  banks,  development  finance 
institutions, export credit agencies and other actors in development and trade finance. Operational 
work  was  done  on  mandates,  regulation  and  mapping.  Pilot  projects  were  explored  and  concrete 
recommendations prepared on how to strengthen cooperation between actors. 

Global Gateway implementation was supported through investment packages in Sub-Saharan Africa, 
Asia and the Pacific, and the Americas and the Caribbean regions. Prominent among these were the 
EU-LAC  Global  Gateway  Investment  Agenda  (GGIA),  the  Asia  Pacific  Investment  Facility  and  the 
Africa-Europe Investment Package. 

Creation of decent jobs 

Creating decent jobs and improving working conditions remained a cross-cutting priority. 

The Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive has  substantial leverage in improving working 
conditions  in  partner  countries  that  produce  goods  and  services  for  the  EU  market.  With  the 
legislation adopted in the first half of the year, accompanying measures for stakeholders were put in 
place.  In  October  2024,  a  massive  online  open  course  –  delivered  by  the  International  Training 
Centre  of  the  International  Labour  Organisation  (ILO)  –  was  well  attended.  Financing  has  been 
arranged  for  a  TEI  that  will  offer  a  referral  helpdesk  for  authorities,  business  and  civil  society  in 
partner countries. The helpdesk will guide them towards support (accompanying measures) to help 
them  understand  and meet  legal  due  diligence  requirements. The  long-standing  SOCIEUX+  facility, 
through which EU civil servants offer partner countries peer-to-peer support on employment policy, 
was extended to cover support on due diligence legislation. 

The Commission continued to strengthen compliance with international labour standards. It focused 
particularly  on  the  eradication  of  child  labour  with  a  programme  addressing  child  labour  in  the 
coffee value chain. Work progressed in Uganda, Honduras and Vietnam to disentangle the various 
drivers that perpetuate the problem. In 2024, the Commission became a member of ‘Alliance 8.7’, a 
multi-stakeholder  global  initiative  that  seeks  to  exchange  knowledge  and  coordinate  activities 
addressing child and forced labour. 

In  2024,  the  Commission  developed  its  capacity  to  assess  the  employment  impact  of  the  Global 
Gateway strategy and other investment programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa, using a macroeconomic 
model developed by ILO with Commission support. The model was complemented by profiling the 
skills  needed  for  Global  Gateway  investments,  such  as  for  the  MAV+  pharmaceutical  programme. 
The  identification  and  mapping  of  these  employment  opportunities  and  related  skills  profiles 
became the central component for the Opportunity-Driven VET TEI presented in the section of this 
document on ‘Quality education’ above. 

Supporting  trade  facilitation,  investment  climate,  economic  and  fiscal  governance  as  part  of  an 
enabling environment to deliver on Global Gateway priorities 

The Commission worked on supporting an enabling environment conducive to trade and investment, 
supporting  Global  Gateway  implementation,  and  developed  a  more  in-depth  analysis  of  how  key 

58 

 
 
Global  Gateway  flagship  projects  promote  and  fit  within  this  enabling  environment,  to  support 
action in that regard. This included identifying potential gaps in national trade and investment policy 
and relevant legislation, such as hurdles for the establishment of entities or obstacles in the cross-
border movement of goods and services relevant for a particular project. The aim is to inform the 
diplomatic and political support the EU can provide: (i) for EU investors to make their investment a 
success,  and  (ii)  for  partner  countries  to  be  reassured  about  the  developmental  impacts  of  EU 
projects. 

The  third  phase  of  the  Trade  and  Private-Sector  Development  Facility  (TPSD)  –  focusing  on 
supporting  the  Commission  in  assessing  the  investment  environment  of  Global  Gateway  flagship 
projects,  strengthening  development  and  export  finance  complementarity  and  coordination  –  and  
the Global Gateway Investment Climate Reform Facility (GG ICR) were put in place. 

90 000 jobs were supported or sustained by the EU(79). 

Case study 

‘Investing in Young Businesses in Africa’ (IYBA) 

Developments in 2024 

The Team Europe  initiative (TEI)  ‘Investing in Young Businesses in Africa’ is an example of a Global 
Gateway flagship initiative with a strong 360-degree approach. It supports early-stage businesses and 
young  entrepreneurs  –  especially  women  –  in  Africa  in  launching,  consolidating  and  growing 
sustainable, strong and inclusive businesses and creating decent jobs.  

At strategic level, in June 2024, the EIB took over the chairmanship of the TEI from France with new 
lines  of  action  and  priorities.  Management  meetings  were  held  in  March  and  October  2024  and  a 
Policy Steering Group was organised in May 2024. 

At operational level, progress was achieved on scaling up IYBA programmes with an extension of the 
geographical scope and new initiatives launched under  the TEI umbrella. In 2024, the IYBA TEI was 
officially launched in three new countries: Uganda, Cameroon and Benin. IYBA SEED and IYBA WE4A 
programmes  made  strong  progress  with  in-country  implementation  on  the  right  track.  The  IYBA 
Market Creation Platform programme was signed in September 2024. Preparations for the launch of 
the IYBA Invest programme progressed well and on schedule to be finished in 2025. Several EFSD+ 
IYBA-related guarantee operations were negotiated in 2024 with partner DFIs. Preparations for IYBA 
country mappings started for Zimbabwe, Tanzania, South Sudan and Senegal. 

Figure 6. SDG 8 – interlinkages with other goals 

79 Results achieved by interventions under the current multiannual financial framework (2021-2027). For further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The  NDICI-Global  Europe  commitments  for  SDG 8  on  decent  work  and  economic  growth  (totalling 
EUR 955.78  million  in  2024)  also  contributed  to  other  significant  SDGs.  Figure  6  shows  main 
synergies between SDG 8 and SDG 5 on gender equality (EUR 896.18 million), SDG 9 on industry and 
infrastructure (EUR 733.88 million) and SDG 13 on climate action (EUR 602.35 million). 

3.5.  Migration and forced displacement 

3.5.1. SDG #10.7 Reduced inequalities 

In  2024  the  number  of  irregular  border  crossings  at  the EU  borders  on the central  Mediterranean 
route was significantly lower than in the previous year, while irregular arrivals slightly increased on 
the  Atlantic,  western  and  eastern  Mediterranean  routes.  2024  also  saw  unprecedented  forced-
displacement levels, mainly linked to new and protracted conflict situations (Afghanistan, Gaza, Mali, 
Sudan,  Syria,  etc.),  but  also  increasingly  to  climate-related  disasters,  resulting  in  over  120  million 
forcibly  displaced  people  by  the  end  of  June  2024.  Against  this  background  in  2024,  the  EU  took 
further steps to enhance its strategic policy approach on migration and asylum, with the adoption of 
the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum in May 2024(80). The external dimension of the Pact tasks the 
EU  with  engaging  with  partner  countries  on  the  basis  of  a  strategic  and  comprehensive  approach 
addressing all areas of concern for us and them, both on migration and forced displacement, with a 
strong focus on the migratory routes towards the EU. 

In line with this, the Commission, together with its Justice and Home Affairs agencies, stepped up its 
support  for  key  partner  countries  of  origin,  transit  and  destination,  for  improved  management  of 
migration  and  forced  displacement  at  national,  regional  and  global  level.  EU  support  for 
development and international cooperation played aa significant role in increasing partners’ capacity 
to  address  the  challenges  of  migration  and  forced  displacement  and  take  advantage  of  the 
opportunities, in line with joint needs and priorities. Implementation of the Global Gateway strategy 
also  supported  the  external  dimension  of  the  EU  migration  and  asylum  policy,  notably:  i)  by 

https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-european-way-life/migration-

80 
and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum_en 

60 

 
 
 
 
promoting job creation in countries of origin for irregular migration or in countries hosting refugees, 
to address root causes of irregular migration and prevent further irregular departures or secondary 
movements of asylum seekers; ii) by investing in technical and vocational education and training in 
countries from which the EU has an interest to receive labour migrants to fill labour market gaps. 

Targeted and tailor-made EU support was provided to key partner countries, with a particular focus 
on  the  Western  Balkans  and  Türkiye,  the  EU  Neighbourhood,  the  Sub-Saharan  African  and  Asian 
regions, guided by EU Action Plans covering the key migratory routes towards Europe, in a whole-of-
route approach. 

Comprehensive  migration  and  border  management  remain  key  priorities  for  the  EU  with  its 
Enlargement  partners.  The  Western  Balkans  Action Plan,  through  visa  policy  alignment,   increased 
the presence and operational support of EU agencies. Extensive EU-funded migration programmes 
have led to a significant fall in irregular border crossings to the EU via the Western Balkan route. In 
2024, the number of crossings fell by 78% from the 2023 level. 

The  EU  continued  to  support  Türkiye  in  hosting  nearly  three  million  refugees  by  allocating  an 
additional  EUR 1  billion  in  2024.  This  funding  is  to  meet  the  basic  needs  of  refugees  in  health, 
education and social cohesion, and to enhance Türkiye’s capacity to manage migration and control 
its borders. 

In Ukraine, the EU supported border management and strengthened Ukrainian border management 
agencies through the Integrated Border Management programme. Since Russia’s  war of aggression 
against Ukraine, Moldova has also seen an unprecedented influx of refugees. The EU has supported 
the  newly  established  Moldovan  General  Inspectorate  for  Migration  in  implementing  its  internal 
affairs strategy for 2022-2023. 

In  2024  the  EU  continued  its  engagement  on  migration  and  forced  displacement  with  partner 
countries  in  the  Southern  Neighbourhood.  Most  notably,  the  EU  continued  implementing  the  EU-
Tunisia  Strategic  and  Comprehensive  Partnership  (also  known  as  Memorandum  of  Understanding, 
signed in 2023) on migration and launched the Strategic and Comprehensive Partnership with Egypt. 
The 2024 regional migration allocation for the Southern Neighbourhood (EUR 208 million) targeted 
border  management,  anti-smuggling  and  anti-trafficking,  protection  assistance,  return  and 
reintegration,  and  legal  migration  and  mobility.  It  made  a  substantial  contribution  to  the  ongoing 
talent  partnerships  in  Egypt,  Morocco  and  Tunisia  to  boost  mutually  beneficial  international 
mobility. 

In  the  Middle  East,  the  EU  continued  to  provide  support  in  response  to the  Syrian  crisis,  ensuring 
access  to  basic  services  for  refugees  from  Syria  in  neighbouring  countries,  internally  displaced 
people in Syria and their hosting communities in the region. Following the escalation of hostilities in 
Lebanon, the EU extended its support to internally displaced people, including refugees from Syria, 
and  reoriented  a  part  of  its  assistance  to  the  emergency  response,  addressing  needs  arising  in 
relation to healthcare, education, water and social services. The EU continued to support Palestinian 
refugees in the region. 

In  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  the  EU-Mauritania  Migration  Partnership  was  launched  by  the  Commission 
and Mauritania in March 2024. This Partnership is accompanied by substantial EU funding, including 
actions  worth  EUR 210 million  to  support  Global  Gateway  initiatives,  including  investments, 
infrastructure and job creation primarily in the field of energy, and to support Mauritania’s capacity 
for  managing  migration  and  forced  displacement.  In  parallel,  the  Commission  activated  a 
EUR 30 million  intervention  to  support  Senegal,  focusing  on  preventing  irregular  and  unsafe 

61 

 
 
departures  at  sea  and  land  borders.  To  support  return  and  reintegration  in  West  Africa,  an 
EUR 85 million  package  was  adopted,  which  aims  to  strengthen  national  ownership  of  the 
reintegration of returnees in that region. As regards support for refugees and host communities, the 
EU mobilised EUR 255 million to protect internally displaced people in Sudan and to strengthen the 
resilience  of  communities  affected  by  conflict  and  climate  change  in  Chad,  the  Central  African 
Republic and South Sudan. 

In Asia, two actions were launched supporting talent partnerships with Bangladesh and Pakistan. EU 
support  in  2024  also  included  a  EUR 148  million  project  for  displaced  and  returning  Afghans  and 
their host communities. 

In the Latin American and Caribbean region, the EU maintained its engagement towards Venezuelan 
migrants, refugees and their host countries in Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru by contributing 
to socio-economic integration, access to decent  jobs and social protection systems. A new EUR 10 
million  project  was  adopted  to  support  forcibly  displaced  people  and  economic  migrants  in  Costa 
Rica. 

The  Commission  also  invested  at  global  level,  including  through  an  action  on  improving  national 
asylum  systems  in  selected  partner  countries,  as  a  concrete  contribution  to  the  EU  pledge  at  the 
Global  Refugee  Forum  in  December  2023.  In  support  of  the  Global  Alliance  to  Counter  Migrant 
Smuggling, launched by the Commission President in November 2023, a key action was launched in 
2024 to improve operational cooperation and coordination against trafficking in human beings and 
smuggling of migrants. 

The Commission’s contribution to implementing the external dimension of the EU Pact on Migration 
and Asylum was closely coordinated in a ‘Team Europe’ approach with EU Member States, ensuring 
coherent and joined-up programming. In the same Team Europe spirit, implementation of the two 
regional  African  Team  Europe  Initiatives  (TEIs)  made  significant  progress,  including  an  increase  in 
combined  TEI  contributions,  which  tripled  between  2022  and  2024  reaching  EUR 4.2  billion. 
Similarly, the  regional  TEI addressing  the  situation of  Afghan  refugees  and  returnees  continued  to 
foster  durable  solutions  and  provide  support  for  displaced  Afghans,  as  well  as  their  host 
communities  across  Afghanistan,  Iran,  Pakistan,  and  Central  Asia,  using  a  combination  of 
humanitarian and development aid funds. 

Over 2021-2024, all actions decided under NDICI-Global Europe contributed to the spending target 
on migration and forced displacement, amounting to 16% out of the total committed amount. 

The  EU  continued  its  active  role  in  addressing  the  humanitarian  impact  on  forced-displacement 
issues (such as refugees, internally displaced persons, and disaster/climate-induced displacement) in 
multilateral forums and through strategic partnerships, especially with UNHCR and the International 
Organisation for Migration (IOM). 

3.6.  Governance, peace and security 

3.6.1. SDG #16 Peace, justice and strong institutions 

Figure 7. SDG 16 – interlinkages with other goals 

62 

 
 
The  NDICI-Global  Europe  commitments 
inclusive  societies 
(EUR 3.24 billion)  2024  also  contributed  to  other  significant  SDGs.  Figure  7  shows  main  synergies 
between SDG 16 and SDG 5 on gender equality (EUR 1.21 billion) and SDG 10 on reduce inequalities 
(EUR 653 million). 

for  SDG 16  on  peaceful  and 

Peaceful, democratic and resilient societies are a prerequisite for other development objectives and 
human  security.  2024  was  a  year  of  turmoil  in  which  new  conflicts  erupted,  existing  crises 
intensified, and climate-fuelled disasters multiplied. The backlash against human rights, democracy 
and  the  rule  of  law  intensified,  resulting  in  further  abuse  and  continuing  impunity,  endangering 
peace and security. No fewer than 50 countries worldwide experienced active conflict – the largest 
number of conflicts since 1945 – taking a heavy toll in human suffering and jeopardising peace and 
development  gains.  Several  situations  were  marked  by  ongoing  ‘political  estrangement’,  with  the 
EU’s  role  in  building  long-term  peace,  security  and  resilience  remaining  at  low  levels.  Challenges 
such as political instability and economic fluctuations particularly impacted the EU’s efforts. 

In  this  context,  the  EU  reinforced  its  Global  Gateway  investment  offer,  while  also  maintaining 
dedicated resources to engage in fragile and conflict settings. By integrating Global Gateway projects 
with the Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) nexus approach, the EU sought to tackle the root 
causes of fragility and migration. This included providing essential services in vulnerable areas and 
enhancing community resilience. 

Over  2021-2024,  all  NDICI-Global  Europe  geographic  actions  contributed  to  the  human  rights, 
democracy  and  good  governance  spending  target,  amounting  to  23%  out  of  the  total  committed 
amount. 

A  more  systematic  and  granular  approach  to  streamlining  conflict  prevention  involved  conflict 
analysis  and  conflict  sensitivity  assessments  at  all  stages  of  the  intervention  cycle  and  further 
mainstreaming of the EU’s conflict sensitivity and early-warning approach. The coherence of actions 
relating  to  resilience,  peace  and  conflict  sensitivity  was  promoted  through  shared  analyses  of  the 
root  causes  and  drivers  of  fragility  and  crisis  and  the  application  of  the  HDP  Nexus  Collaboration 
Framework  in  key  non-EU  countries,  notably  Afghanistan,  Ethiopia  and  Pakistan.  Guided  by  the 

63 

 
 
 
Council  Conclusions  on  EU  Peace  Mediation  (2020)(81)  and  accompanying  EU  Mediation  Guidelines 
(2023) over the past year, the EU employed peace mediation support in all regions across the world, 
and in 27 specific conflicts. The results of this work often fed into or informed ensuing programmes. 

Responding  to  growing  needs  and  aiming  to  support  partners  in  responding  better  to  shocks  and 
pressures  and  taking  advantage  of  emerging  opportunities,  the  EU  made  preparations  for  specific 
actions under  the  rapid response  pillar of the NDICI-Global Europe  –  Resilience component. These 
actions were complementary to existing programmes and strengthened the resilience capacities of 
vulnerable  and  host  communities,  addressing  refugee  and  forced-displacement  situations, 
preventing spillover effects, responding to insecurity and to natural disasters, and supporting climate 
change adaptation efforts. 

Additionally,  the  EU  continued  to  strengthen  Europe’s  global  role  by  promoting  an  integrated 
approach to security sector reform  and governance (SSR/G). For example, it offered expertise and 
support  to  capacity  building  and  the  strengthening  of  the  entire  criminal  justice  chain  in  partner 
countries.  The  EU  focused  on  providing  credible,  coherent  and  longer-term  support  to  help  our 
partner  countries  build  their  capacities  for  lasting  peace  and  be  ready  to  tackle  complex  global 
threats, such as organised crime, radicalisation and violent extremism, terrorism, illegal trafficking, 
including trafficking in human beings, and money laundering. This also includes the support provided 
by civilian and military common security and defence policy missions and operations and, under the 
European  Peace  Facility,  support  for  partner  countries’  armed  forces  to  combat  terrorism  and 
insecurity.  The  EU  also  supported  partner  countries’  institutions  in  protecting  their  critical 
infrastructure  and  enhancing  their  resilience  in  different  domains,  such  as  space,  cyber  and 
maritime. 

Gender equality remained a priority, with the EU actively promoting the Women, Peace and Security 
agenda. Key initiatives included a joint gender-responsive conflict analysis with the UNDP in Liberia, 
based  on  the  recently  developed  new  conflict  analysis  methodology  focusing  on  gender,  and 
preparations  for  the  25th  anniversary  of  UN  Security  Council  Resolution  1325  (2000),  to  be 
commemorated in 2025. 

Democratic governance, the rule of law, the fight against corruption and strong institutions, are an 
integral  part  of  an  enabling  environment  for  Global  Gateway  investment  and  key  principles 
integrated in EU interventions. They are also at the heart of the EU’s enlargement policy. To further 
them, the EU collaborated with the Council of Europe on flagship programmes such as the Horizontal 
Facility for the Western Balkans and Türkiye and the Partnership for Good Governance in the Eastern 
Partnership, both in their third phase. 

The  EU  remained  a  steadfast  supporter  of  international  human-rights  law  and  international 
humanitarian law (IHL). This commitment was reflected in its support for multilateral accountability 
mechanisms,  including  the  International  Criminal  Court,  hybrid  tribunals  and  transitional  justice 
efforts. The EU also worked with civil society to address international crime, for example through the 
Global Initiative Against Impunity, and supported transitional justice initiatives in countries such as 
the Central African Republic, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, the Gambia and 
South Sudan. It also rolled out targeted corporate social responsibility programmes and projects. 

81 Council Conclusions 13573/20, 7 December 2020. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13573-2020-
INIT/en/pdf 

64 

 
 
 
To uphold human rights and democratic principles globally, the EU implemented its Action Plan on 
Human Rights and Democracy. It formalised partnerships with specialised NGOs under the Financial 
Framework  Partnership  Agreement  (FFPA)  to  strategically  advance  human  rights  policies  at  the 
global level and enhance civil society engagement. Through the NDICI-Global Europe Human Rights 
and Democracy programme, the EU supported the protection of human-rights defenders at risk and 
the  work  of  national  human-rights  institutions,  enabling  the  implementation  of  human-rights  law 
and standards locally. 

The compound challenges of conflict, climate change and health crises  have significantly impacted 
children  and  youth.  Numbering  over  1.8  billion,  young  individuals  are  crucial  agents  of  change  in 
building peaceful, just societies and making progress towards global commitments such as the 2030 
Agenda.  Implementation of  the  Youth  Action  Plan  in  EU  external  action  (2022-2027),  continued  in 
2024 with the creation of new country-level Youth Sounding Boards and a Youth Dialogue Platform. 
In  addition,  two  new  initiatives  –  Africa-Europe  Youth  Academy,  and  Youth  Outreach  and 
Engagement (Alumni) – launched to engage, empower and connect young people. 

Civil  society  and  local  authorities  play  a  key  role  in  Global  Gateway  and  TEIs,  ensuring  inclusivity, 
adherence to key principles, and effective oversight. To support this, the Global Gateway CSO and 
Local  Authorities  Dialogue  Platform  were  set  up  in  October  2023,  bringing  together  57  members 
from  various  CSO  networks,  business  associations  and 
in 
international  development.  The  Platform  operates  as  a  working  group  under  the  Policy  Forum  on 
Development (PFD), which held 12 consultations in 2024 on topics like GAP III implementation and 
the  mid-term  review  of  the  programming  of  NDICI-Global  Europe  across  different  regions. 
Additionally,  the  EU  System  for  Enabling  Environment  (EU  SEE),  launched  in  2023,  developed  a 
methodology and began contracting and inducting a network of local members to start monitoring. 

local  authority  groups 

involved 

At  country  level,  civil  society  roadmaps  continue  to  enhance  structured  dialogue  and  cooperation 
with CSOs. By December 2024, 87 roadmaps had been adopted, with six more in  progress. Recent 
efforts  focus  on  sectoral  mapping,  improved  outreach,  and  strengthening  local  stakeholders’ 
engagement around Global Gateway flagships. 

The EU also continued to support local authorities’ involvement in policymaking at all levels. In 2024, 
this  included  stronger  dialogue  with  global  local  authority  associations,  collaboration  with  the 
Committee of the Regions, and participation in the EU-UN policy dialogue on localising the SDGs. 

The  Development  Education  and  Awareness  Raising  programme  supported  projects  that  engage 
Europeans  in  global  issues.  16  new  projects  started  implementation  in  2024,  advocating  for 
sustainable policies, community and individual behavioural changes, as well as CSR and institutional 
accountability, to empower citizens, in particular young people across Europe and the Global South. 

50 million people benefited directly from EU-supported interventions that specifically 
aim to support civilian post-conflict peacebuilding and/or conflict prevention(82). 

82 Results achieved by interventions under the current multiannual financial framework (2021-2027). For further 
information, please refer to Chapter 6 on results. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
4. 

Geographic overview 

4.1. 

Sub-Saharan Africa 

4.1.1. 

Introduction (policy developments) 

The EU is Africa’s leading partner in many areas, from trade, investment and security to the green 
transition  and  digital  transformation.  It  works  with  Africa  in  various  continental,  regional  and 
national settings. 

The  EU’s  relations  with  the  African  Union  (AU)  focused  on  implementation  of  the  Joint  Vision  for 
2030,  agreed  on  at  the  sixth  EU-AU  Summit  in  2022  and  covering  four  areas:  the  Africa-Europe 
Global  Gateway  Investment  Package  worth  EUR 150 billion;  peace,  security  and  governance; 
migration and mobility; and multilateralism. 

Through the Investment Package, the EU is contributing to the acceleration of the green and digital 
transition, sustainable growth and job creation and human development  in Africa, as illustrated in 
the  Joint  Report  by  the  European  Commission,  AU  Commission  and  AU  Development  Agency 
published in October 2024(83). The roll-out of the Package continued to focus on closing the financing 
gap  by  mobilising  innovative  financing,  including  private-sector  financing,  in  a  ‘Team  Europe’ 
approach.  The  2023  Global  Gateway  Forum  exemplified  the  implementation  of  Global  Gateway  in 
Sub-Saharan  Africa,  which  featured  the  signing  of  agreements  worth  more  than  EUR 3 billion, 
including  13  for  Sub-Saharan  Africa.  In  2024,  substantial  progress  was  made  in  implementing  the 
Global  Gateway  Africa-Europe  Investment  Package,  with  116  flagship  projects  launched  on  the 
continent in 2023 and 2024 (out of 225 worldwide) and a total of 95 Team Europe Initiatives (TEIs) 
targeting the African continent (out of 165 worldwide). 

The  EU  also  provided  a  total  of  EUR 315 million  in  support  for  Sub-Saharan  countries  through  the 
European Peace Facility (EPF), an off-budget instrument. This was in addition to its EUR 600 million 
contribution to African peace-keeping operations under the General Programme for support to the 
African Union. 

The EU has also strengthened dialogue and cooperation with Africa in multilateral settings such as 
the G20, underpinned by a shared commitment to effective multilateralism within the rules-based 
international order. 

The  Samoa  Agreement,  signed  with  the  members  of  the  Organisation  of  African,  Caribbean  and 
Pacific States (OACPS), was provisionally applied as of 1 January 2024. The EU and the OACPS have 
stepped up joint efforts for full implementation of the Agreement, including the preparation of the 
Rules  of  Procedure  of  joint  institutions  under  the  agreement,  and  of  EU-OACPS  guidelines  for  the 
partnership dialogue, to be adopted at the first joint meetings. The EU joined efforts with the OACPS 
in preparations for and follow-up to the Fourth International Conference on Small Island Developing 
States, held in Antigua and Barbuda in May(84). The first session of the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary 
Assembly, and the inaugural meetings of the regional assemblies, took place in Luanda in February 
2024, when they adopted their respective rules of procedure. 

https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/publications-library/joint-report-european-commission-auda-nepad-

83 
implementation-2030-vision_en 
84 
organisation-of-african-caribbean-and-pacific-states-join-forces-to-implement-outcomes-of-the-4th-international-
conference-on-small-island-developing-states/ 

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/07/26/joint-press-release-european-union-and-the-

66 

 
 
 
Relations with  West Africa  faced increased challenges with the  weakening of regional frameworks 
(such  as  ECOWAS)  and  the  crisis  with  Central  Sahel  countries  (Burkina  Faso,  Mali,  Niger).  The  EU 
adapted  its  instruments  and  actions  under  the  2021  integrated  strategy  for  the  Sahel,  including 
through  Foreign  Affairs  Council  discussions  (February  2024),  while  increasing  efforts  on  strategic 
communication. A new EU Special Representative (EUSR) for the Sahel was appointed in November 
2024 to continue engagement in and beyond the region. The common security and defence policy 
(CSDP) instruments were significantly scaled down (notably with the end of Mali EU training mission 
and  the  EU  Capacity-Building  Mission  in  Sahel  Niger).  The  EU  applied  an  integrated  approach  to 
foster stability and long-term socio-economic development, and address root causes of the conflicts 
and migration in the region. This includes the CSDP initiative for the Gulf of Guinea (in Côte d’Ivoire, 
Ghana  and  Benin)  and  increased  use  of  the  EPF  in  coastal  countries  and  Mauritania.  Sanctions 
frameworks  remained  in  place  in  Mali  and  Niger.  The  EU  also  closely  followed  key  electoral 
processes in the region, for example in Senegal, and Ghana and Mauritania, where the EU deployed 
electoral-expert missions. The visit by Charles Michel, President of the European Council, to Senegal, 
Côte  d’Ivoire  and  Benin  in  April  2024  was  key  to  consolidating  the  political  partnership  with  the 
region. 

The EU closely monitored developments in Central Africa and pursued its foreign policy objectives, 
including  partnership  dialogues  and  ad  hoc  exchanges  with  countries  in  the  region,  regional 
organisations  and  like-minded  partners.  The  EU  continued  to  implement  its  renewed  Great  Lakes 
Strategy, adopted in 2023, and increased its diplomatic engagement by appointing a new EUSR for 
the  Great  Lakes  region.  The  EU  supported  local  and  international  conflict  resolution  initiatives, 
including the Nairobi and Luanda processes, to solve the crisis in the eastern Democratic Republic of 
the Congo (DRC). The EU also supported certain strands of the transition process in Gabon, deployed 
an  Election  Expert  Mission  for  the  constitutional  referendum  in  November 2024  and  continued  to 
support  the  difficult  transition  process  in  Chad.  The  EU  reviewed  and  adapted  its  autonomous 
restrictive  measure  regimes  against  human-rights  violators  and  conflict-drivers  in  the  DRC  and 
Burundi. 

The Southern Africa and Indian Ocean region experienced a historic drought triggered by  El Niño, 
leading  some  countries  to  declare  national  drought  disasters.  The  EU  continued  to  provide 
humanitarian aid for countries in the region, including Comoros, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, 
Zambia  and  Zimbabwe.  The  EU  deployed  an  Election  Observation  Mission  to  Mozambique  while 
Experts  Missions  were  sent  to  Comoros  and  South  Africa.  The  Commissioner  for  International 
Partnerships  visited  Angola  in  February.  A  Sustainable  Investment  Facilitation  Agreement  (SIFA) 
between the EU and Angola entered into force in September. Zambia was in the spotlight of the EU 
Raw Material Week in Brussels in December and reiterated its commitment to unlocking its mineral 
potential.  The  Commissioner  for  Energy  participated  in  the  Global  African  Hydrogen  Summit 
organised by Namibia in September. She also visited South Africa and confirmed the EU interest’s in 
a substantial collaboration in clean energy, green hydrogen and CRMs. The EU further supported the 
implementation  of  the  EU  integrated  approach  in  Mozambique’s  violence-affected  Cabo  Delgado 
province. 

As regards the Horn of Africa and East Africa region, the EU has strengthened its economic, political 
and security partnership with Kenya, with the entry into force of the EU-Kenya Economic Partnership 
Agreement  (EPA)  on  1 July.  The  third  EU-Kenya  security  and  defence  consultations  under  the 
Strategic  Dialogue  took  place  on  23-24 October  in  Nairobi.  On  6-8 July  2024,  former  EU  High 
Representative  for  Foreign  Affairs  and  Security  Policy/Vice-President  Borrell  visited  Djibouti, 
accompanied  by  the Greek  Defence  Minister.  The  visit  helped  to  strengthen the  ties  with  this  key 

67 

 
 
partner  country  and  to  appraise  the  impact  of  the  EU  naval  operation,  EUNAVFOR  ASPIDES, 
launched in February 2024. The EU has further strengthened its relationship with Somalia, through 
implementation of the Joint Operational Roadmap concluded in 2023, and through the support the 
EU and its Member States gave to the adoption of the UN Security Council Resolution in December 
2024(85),  mandating  the  new  African  Union  Support  and  Stabilisation  Mission  in  Somalia.  The 
Structured  Dialogue  with  Ethiopia  continued  in  2024.  The  transitional  justice  policy  framework, 
including  accountability  for  human-rights  violations,  still  needs  to  be  finalised.  The  war  in  Sudan 
continued  unabated  during  2024,  despite  international  efforts  (USD 2 billion  were  pledged  at  the 
International  Humanitarian  Conference  in  Paris  in  April)  to  broker  ceasefires  without  positive  or 
tangible  results.  The  humanitarian  crisis  further  widened,  and  the  conflict  became  increasingly 
polarised. 

4.1.2. 

Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

In  April  2024,  the  ‘Opportunity-driven  Skills  and  VET  in  Africa’  TEI  was  launched  at  the  Global 
Gateway High-Level Event on  Education. This EUR 75 million initiative will orient VET  interventions 
towards  decent  employment  opportunities  in  selected  sectors  and  value  chains  under  the  Global 
Gateway  strategy  and  other  flagship  initiatives,  through  a  technical  assistance  facility,  regional 
exchange on public-private-partnerships and a competitive  funding mechanism to finance  regional 
and multi-country VET initiatives. Under the competitive funding mechanism, worth EUR 50 million, 
a first call for proposals was launched in the autumn of 2024 for projects of between EUR 1 million 
and  EUR 2 million.  The  implementation  period  for  the  selected  proposals  is  24  months,  starting  in 
April  2025.  As  part  of  the  Youth  Mobility  for  Africa  Global  Gateway  flagship  initiative,  a 
EUR 15 million  contribution  to  the  Africa-Europe  Youth  Academy  will  provide  young  leaders  with 
opportunities  in  their  respective  fields  and  communities  to  connect,  exchange  and  improve  their 
leadership  skills  and  create  a  network  of  change-makers.  In  addition,  the  first  call  opening  up  the 
Erasmus+ Youth Capacity-Building action to Sub-Sahara Africa was published at the end of 2024. 

In  the  field  of  culture,  two  new  actions  were  adopted  in  2024.  Firstly,  a  EUR 19.9 million  action 
‘Strengthening Africa-Europe Museum Partnerships’ brings in funding from four EU Member States 
and  will  strengthen  the  role  of  the  EU  as  a  reliable  partner  in  protecting  and  promoting  cultural 
heritage  and  cultural  diversity  through  a  ‘Team  Europe’  approach.  Secondly,  the  EUR 15 million 
‘Creative  Africa:  Audiovisual’  action  will  enhance  cross-border  EU-African  cooperation  in  the 
audiovisual sector across the entire value chain (from development to distribution). 

In Somalia, policy dialogue with the government continued through the budget support operation, 
sector-specific projects and field missions, incentivising reforms in education financing and teacher 
recruitment. Notable progress included the government’s merit-based recruitment of 2 198 teachers 
in 2024, complementing the 2 600 hired in 2023, as part of its plan to recruit 10 000 teachers. The 
EU-funded  Education  Access  and  Quality  Improvement  Programme  (EAQIP)  positively  impacted 
100 000  learners  through  its  holistic  approach.  The  EU  Delegation,  as  the  coordinating  agency  for 
Global Partnership for Education (GPE) funding in Somalia, facilitated dialogue on implementation-
monitoring,  decision-making,  and  risk management.  This oversight  supported two  key  GPE-funded 
initiatives – the System Transformation Grant (STG) and the Girls’ Education Accelerator (GEA) – with 
a combined value of USD 79.5 million. 

85 UN Resolution S/RES/2767, 27 December 2024. https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2767(2024) 

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In  Sudan,  since  the  beginning  of  the  conflict,  the  EU  has  advocated  for  a  continuation  of 
development  projects.  In  2024  the  EU  remained  steadfast  in  its  support  for  Sudan,  aligning  with 
operationalisation  of  the  humanitarian-development-peace  nexus  and  maintaining  development 
projects that foster resilience. In 2024 the EU has completed the contracting of EUR 130 million for 
health, nutrition, and food security. 

In Madagascar, EU-supported platforms such as Jeunes & engagés provided a voice and leadership 
training for youth, fostering their active participation in society. 

In  Mozambique,  the  E-Youth  TEI,  involving  Belgium,  Germany,  Ireland,  Spain,  France,  Italy,  the 
Netherlands,  Austria,  Portugal,  Finland  and  Sweden,  focuses  on  three  key  areas:  education  to 
address  skills  mismatch;  creation  of  employment  opportunities  in  high-growth  industries;  and 
empowerment  through  influence  over  decision-making,  and  digital  communication.  This  TEI 
promotes,  among other  things,  inclusive  education, youth  entrepreneurship  and  the  inclusion  and 
empowerment of women and girls in Africa. 

In March 2024, under the umbrella of the EU-AU Health Partnership, three TEIs were launched at the 
AU-EU high-level event on health: the TEI on ‘Sustainable Health Security following the One Health 
approach’;  the  TEI  on  ‘Digital  Health  for  Health  Systems  Strengthening  and  Universal  Health 
Coverage’; and the TEI on ‘Support to Public Health Institutes in Africa’. A TEI on ‘Social Protection in 
Africa’ was also launched. The TEI on ‘Manufacturing and Access to Vaccines, Medicines and Health 
Technologies’ (MAV+) made  significant  progress, creating an enabling environment with additional 
funding  for  the  Africa  Medicines  Agency  (AMA),  increased  demand  and  improved  supply,  for 
example, by supporting mRNA technology establishment at Afrigen Biologics in South Africa through 
the WHO mRNA technology transfer and research hub and network. As part of the TEI on ‘Sexual and 
Reproductive  Health  and  Rights’  (SRHR),  in  May  2024,  the  new  programme  ‘SafeBirth  Africa’  was 
launched and is a Global Gateway flagship project for 2025 (implementation period 2024-2027). The 
TEI will accelerate access to new and underused maternal health medicines. 

In Ethiopia, the EU continues to be a reference partner in the health sector. Concrete achievements 
this year include the completion of the rehabilitation of the Dessie hospital serving 10 million people 
and the provision of equipment and staff training to 160 facilities. 

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the EU was able to provide a rapid response to the 
new  (MPOX)  health  crisis  in  the  second  half  of  2024,  by  committing,  within  three  months, 
EUR 20 million for initial support. This provided an opportunity to further improve coordination with 
EU humanitarian aid actions and is a textbook case for nexus. 

In Southern Africa, specifically in Zimbabwe, the EU advocated for increased domestic financing in 
healthcare, leading to improved primary healthcare services through the Health Resilience Fund, as 
well as an increase  in the number  of village  health workers for 5.4 million people through various 
health services, resulting in a 4% increase in access to quality primary healthcare services. 

The  EU  provides  substantial  support  for  the  vaccine  ecosystem  in  Ghana,  Nigeria,  Rwanda  and 
Senegal.  Since  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  the  EU  has  been  strongly  supporting  the  Dakar  Institute 
Pasteur  by  cofinancing  the  MADIBA  vaccine  production  plant  in  Senegal.  This  support  has  been 
extended to other components of the national pharmaceutical plan: the pharmaceutical ecosystem, 
regulatory  framework,  skills,  and  research  and  development.  Thanks  to  support  from  the  EU  and 
other partners, at the end of 2024 Senegal reached maturity Level 3 for pharmaceutical regulation, 
illustrating the country’s willingness  to guarantee access to quality pharmaceutical products for its 
population and the wider region. 

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In Cabo Verde, the EU further supported the government’s efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. The 
halving  of  extreme  poverty  over  the  last  10  years  is  mainly  due  to  the  government’s  decisive 
operational and financial efforts, supported by an EU Budget Support operation. 

In Burundi, the EU supports the health sector through the third phase of the Health Sector Support 
Programme  (PASS  III),  which  has  been  in  implementation  since  April  2022  with  a  budget  of 
EUR 55 million. This programme aims to improve access to healthcare by providing free services for 
pregnant women and children under five years old. Additionally, a second phase of the programme 
(EUR 29  million)  was  contracted  at  the  end  of  2024  to  support  the  resilience  of  the  Burundian 
population and to improve the nutritional health of the population in the most vulnerable provinces. 

In Burundi, malnutrition remains a significant problem, affecting over 50% of children under the age 
of  five.  Two  programmes  addressing  food  security  concerns  aimed  to  strengthen  the  banana  and 
cassava value chains (SESA programme, supporting entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector with a 
budget  of  EUR 17  million).  These  are  yielding  positive  results,  with  a  promising  approach  that 
involves  the  private  sector.  Value  chains  and  their  potential  for  exporting  produce  will  be  further 
developed in the Annual Action Plan (AAP) scheduled for 2025. 

Green Deal 

With  the  TEI  on  ‘Adaptation  and  Resilience  in  Africa’,  the  EU  displayed  its  commitment  to 
responding  to  the  request  for  funding  for  particularly  vulnerable  countries  hit  hard  by  climate 
disasters.  To  that  end,  two  programmes  were  launched  aimed  at  minimising  losses  and  damage 
through services, applications and data to support disaster risk-financing and transfer. The TEI also 
aims to strengthen African partners’ capacity to access meteorological and climate satellite data and 
deliver adequate information, particularly for early-warning systems. 

On  energy,  several  milestones  were  reached  in  implementation  of  the  ‘Africa-EU  Green  Energy 
Initiative’ TEI. In Zambia, a financing agreement was signed with Zambian authorities for the start of 
work on rehabilitation of the Kariba Dam. In South Africa, the ‘Green Deal’ TEI aims to support a just 
and green recovery by transforming the country’s economy and society to be climate-resilient and 
sustainable.  The  Green  Deal  TEI  focuses  on  three  key  areas:  policy  reform,  green  investment,  and 
knowledge-based  transformation,  with  the  goal  of  minimising  risks  to  South  Africa’s  credit 
opportunities  and  investment  environment.  This  TEI  is  supported  by  Denmark,  Germany,  Spain, 
France, Italy, the Netherlands, Finland, and Sweden. 

The  NaturAfrica  programme  (EUR 160  million)  is  at  the  core  of  the  EU  efforts  on  biodiversity  in 
Africa through an innovative, people-centred approach. It identifies key landscapes for conservation 
and  development  where  the  EU  focuses  its  support  on  creating  jobs,  improving  security  and 
sustainable livelihoods, while preserving ecosystems and wildlife. 

Four regional ocean programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa were adopted for a total amount of EUR 170 
million.  These  programmes  cover  international  ocean  governance,  sustainable  blue  economy  and 
conservation/restoration  of  marine  ecosystems  and  coastal  areas.  The  first  two  programmes, 
adopted  in  2023,  cover  13  countries  in  West  Africa  (West  Africa  Sustainable  Ocean  Programme, 
EUR 59 million)  and  three  in  Southern  Africa  (Blue  Benguela  Current  Programme,  EUR 11 million). 
The  other  two,  adopted  in  2024,  cover  nine  countries  in  the  Western  Indian  Ocean  (Sustainable 
Western  Indian  Ocean  Programme,  EUR  58  million)  and  six  countries  in  Central  Africa  (Ocean 
Durable et Economie Bleue en Afrique Centrale, EUR 42 million). A regional ocean project supporting 
ocean  forecasting  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  was  also  adopted  end  of  2024  (Ocean  Prediction 
Enhancement in Regions of Africa, EUR 7 million).      

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At  regional  level,  actions  are  aimed  at  strengthening  the  resilience  of  surface  water  and 
groundwater  systems  to  climate  change,  through  better,  more  sustainable  water  resource 
management.  The  actions  respond  to  growing  public  concern  about  environmental  degradation 
(land salinisation, soil erosion, loss of vegetation cover, invasive plants, etc.) and to the reduction in 
the  quality  and  availability  of  water,  which  contributes  to  desertification,  affects  agricultural  and 
energy production, and hinders sustainable and socio-economic development. 

Two  programmes  are  under  implementation.  The  Blue  Africa  programme  aims  to  strengthen 
continental water organisations, such as the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), and the 
African  Network  of  Basin  Organisations  (ANBO).  Two  contracts  were  signed  in  December  2023,  a 
contribution agreement with the German aid agency GIZ to strengthen AMCOW and ANBO, and one 
with  the  African  Union  Commission  (AUC),  for  the  purpose  of  reinforcing  its  water  division.  The 
other  programme  is  TAKIWAMA  (Lakes  Tanganyika  and  Kivu  water  management).  A  call  for 
proposals was launched for improving the circular economy and preserving the water quality of the 
lakes, and three contracts were signed in 2024. In addition, in a ‘Team Europe’ approach, two more 
contracts  were  signed  to  strengthen  water  management  and  improve  transport  management  on 
Lake Tanganyika. 

Three  programmes  were  identified  and  formulated  and  will  be  proposed  for  adoption  in  the  AAP 
2025.  These  programmes  are:  PROGIRESS  (Projet  de  Gestion  intégrée  des  Ressources  en  Eau  de 
Surface  et  Souterraines  dans  les  bassins  du  fleuve  Sénégal  et  de  l’aquifère  Sénégalo-Mauritanien), 
with  an  EU  contribution  of  EUR 15 million;  LACHAWAMA  (Lake  Chad  Water  management)  with 
EUR 20 million;  and  TWM-SA  (Transboundary  Water  Management  in  Southern  Africa)  focusing  on 
the Okavango basin. 

In Southern Africa, a Global Gateway flagship in Lesotho is focusing on implementation of measures 
to  tackle  soil  erosion  and  to  restore  land  and  water  resources.  In  Namibia,  a  roadmap  for  the 
strategic  partnership  on  green  hydrogen  and  CRM  value  chains  has  identified  concrete  actions.  In 
DRC, the EU continued to support the Virunga Conservation and Development Initiative, under the 
NaturAfrica  approach.  Building  on  the  success  of  the  EU’s  landscape  programmes  and  the  long-
standing collaboration with the Virunga Foundation, the President of the DRC officially launched the 
Green Corridor initiative in the second half of 2024. The EU prioritised the Green Corridor, allocating 
it a contribution of EUR 42 million. The goal is to support the DRC in connecting the eastern regions 
with  Kinshasa  towards  the  Atlantic  by  supporting  transport  infrastructure,  regulatory  frameworks 
and agri-food value chains, in particular around the Virunga landscape. 

In Côte d’Ivoire, the inauguration of the first solar power plant in Boundiali in April 2024 – using a 
‘Team  Europe’  approach  –  was  a  major  milestone  in  materialising  the  Global  Gateway.  The  solar 
plant  located  in  the  north  of  the  country  led  directly  or  indirectly to the  creation  of 200-300  new 
jobs  during  construction.  This  power  plant  is  a  major  boost  to  Côte  d’Ivoire’s  energy  mix  and  will 
avoid  27 000  tonnes  of  CO2  emissions  a  year.  The  power  plant  enables  access  to  clean  energy  for 
about 30 000 households, approximately 150 000 people. 

In  Uganda,  a  major  achievement  in  2024  was  the  roll-out  of  the  EU-Uganda  Forest  Partnership 
flagship through the underpinning Partnering for Forests Programme. It was officially launched at a 
high-level  event  attended by  the President  of  Uganda  and  the  EU  Commissioner  for Environment. 
The programme’s roadmap has been rolled out through four contracts worth up to EUR 40 million, 
with  two  additional  contracts  in  the  pipeline.  The  programme  focuses  on  three  main  areas:  value 
improved  governance,  and 
chain  development 

in  timber  and  non-timber  forest  products, 

71 

 
 
conservation/restoration  of  forests.  The  Delegation  also  received  an  additional  EUR 8 million  from 
Denmark to boost the Forest Partnership. 

Also in Uganda, the EU continued its work on climate-related matters, including climate finance at 
national  and  local  levels,  and  green  financing  for  micro-,  small  and  medium-sized  enterprises 
(MSMEs).  Two  climate  finance  programmes  started  implementation,  and  a  third  programme  on 
green financing for MSMEs was signed. A mini-campaign during Green Week 2024 promoted cleaner 
air, waste management and road safety, featuring radio interviews, social media posts and a cycling 
event  with  EU  Member  States,  youth  groups  and  other  participants.  Finally,  in  conservation  and 
biodiversity,  the  EU  concluded  a  contract  with  the  Northern  Rangerlands  Trust  (NRT)  under  the 
NaturAfrica programme, providing EUR 5.4 million to support community conservation initiatives in 
the  Kidepo  landscape.  This  aligns  with  a  similar  programme  in  South  Sudan  and  complements 
existing cross-border support for the Greater Virunga Landscape. 

A  Forest  Partnership  was  signed  with  Gabon,  during  a  visit  by  the  President  of  the  transition 
government to Brussels in December. 

In  Cameroon,  the  Local  Development  Support  Programme  (PADL)  was  approved,  with  Budget 
Support and accompanying measures worth EUR 44 million. By promoting local development, the EU 
aims  to  contribute  to  the  sustainable  growth  of  the  rural  sector.  One  way  of  doing  this  is  to  help 
local  actors  adapt  to  climate  change  and  build  capacity.  More  specifically,  through  the  reforms 
agreed  on  with  the  government,  this  support  will  strengthen  local  development  planning, 
sustainable management of natural resources and adaptation to climate change by municipalities. It 
will also improve the governance and human capital of those involved in decentralisation through a 
participatory, inclusive and gender-sensitive approach. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

In 2024, the EU pursued engagement with the public and private sector to build economies which 
are more inclusive, sustainable, and dynamic. It did this through policy alignment and the promotion 
of efficient regulations under several regional programmes. The TEI ‘Investing in Young Businesses 
in  Africa’  (IYBA)  –  jointly  developed  by  10  EU  Member  States,  their  development  policy 
implementing organisations and development  finance  institutions (DFIs)  – aims to help early-stage 
businesses and young entrepreneurs, especially women, in Sub-Saharan Africa to launch, consolidate 
and  grow  sustainable, strong  and  inclusive  businesses  and  create  decent  jobs. Since  2022,  the  TEI 
has  been  launched  in  eight  countries  (Nigeria  and  Senegal  in  2022,  Comoros,  Kenya  and  Togo  in 
2023, Benin, Cameroon and Uganda in 2024), with several key programmes initiated, including IYBA 
SEED  (EUR 23 million),  IYBA  WE4A  (EUR 38.5 million),  and  IYBA  MCP  (EUR 25 million).  Additionally, 
some  ongoing  and  future  guarantees  under  the  European  Fund  for  Sustainable  Development+ 
(EFSD+) are labelled under IYBA, further strengthening its impact. These efforts actively drive Global 
Gateway  priorities,  fostering  sustainable  investment  and  development  and  ensuring  a  360-degree 
approach to implementing EU strategy. 

Special  attention  was  given  to  promoting  business-to-business  and  business-to-governments 
practices as the development of a permanent EU-Africa Business Forum (EABF) structure started in 
2023  (EUR 15 million).  The  EABF  permanent  structure  is  instrumental  in  organising  national-level 
business  forums  between  the  European  and  African  private  sectors,  in  African  countries.  At 
continent level, the EABF takes place back to back with the EU-AU Summit. The seventh and eighth 
summits are expected in 2025 and 2028. With regard to economic integration, as part of a EUR 1.1 
billion TEI, the EU and its Member States continued to support the negotiation and implementation 

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of the  African Continental Free Trade  Area (AfCFTA) protocols, and all aspects of trade  facilitation 
under all agreements in place on the continent. This support consolidates the recognised position of 
the  EU  as  strategic  partner  for  Africa.  In  particular,  the  operationalisation  of  the  EUR 29.5  million 
AfCFTA  Technical  Assistance  Facility,  operational  since  2022,  is  a  success  story  demonstrating  the 
coordinated  and  effective  action  taken  by  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  to  set  up  a  flexible  and 
rapid-response tool to support the AfCFTA Secretariat. 

In West Africa, blending operations approved include support for the blue economy and sustainable 
ports  for  Cabo  Verde,  the  construction  of  a  solar  power  plant  in  Sérébou  in  Côte  d’Ivoire,  road 
rehabilitation in Guinea-Bissau, a sustainable energy project in the Gambia and the rehabilitation of 
the Kpong Hydropower in Ghana. 

Under  the  EFSD+,  the  European  Investment  Bank  (EIB)  loans  in  West  Africa  reinforced  the  private 
sector  to  support  Cabo  Verde’s  digital  connectivity  and  provide  access  to  financing  for  SMEs  in 
Mauritania  and  Senegal.  EU  guarantees  also  supported  SMEs  and  larger  companies  active  in 
agriculture value chains in Côte d’Ivoire, specifically targeting the sustainable cocoa value chain and 
aiming to impact positively on youth employment. 

In  Cameroon,  the  first  ‘EU-Cameroon  Business  Week’  took  place  in  February  2024.  It  attracted 
hundreds  of  European  private-sector  players  and  a  dozen  European  financial  partners  (EIB,  AFD, 
GSK,  Proparco,  etc.)  to  explore  investment  opportunities  in  the  country.  The  event  had  a  great 
impact with several thousand visitors and more than a million views on social networks. It benefited 
from the attention of the Presidency of Cameroon and confirmed Team Europe’s firm commitment 
to  deployment  of  the  Global  Gateway  in  Cameroon  and  the  region.  This  world-class  event  has 
enabled  the  advancement  of  EU  investments,  particularly  on  the  Kikot  hydroelectric  dam  and  the 
Yaoundé bypass. 

In Uganda, the EU increased significantly its support for entrepreneurship and cooperation with the 
private sector. Under the ‘Sustainable Business for Uganda’ (SB4U) TEI, the SB4U Platform supported 
numerous  events  in  2024,  including  the  highly  successful  and  visible  third  Uganda-EU  Business 
Forum. This three-day event was attended by 2 000 participants, including 200 EU and 800 Ugandan 
companies. 1 600 business contacts were made, resulting in over 400 potential transactions, valued 
at over EUR 1 million. 

As a follow-up to the Business Forum, preparations for the next Uganda-EU Business Insights (UEUBI) 
2025 have begun, focusing on agricultural technology (AgriTech)  and sustainable mining. Under the 
leadership of the EU Delegation and in coordination with EU Member States, the new skilling and job 
creation  (WeWork)  action,  worth  EUR 50 million,  completed  its  first  year  of  implementation.  A 
contract  on  trade  facilitation  was  signed  with  the  International  Trade  Centre  (ITC),  aiming  to 
promote inclusive, sustainable, and green trade and investment between Uganda and the EU. 

In Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean, significant progress has been made over the past year, for 
example in the ‘Investing in Young Businesses in Africa’ TEI (Comoros), the renovation and extension 
of  Mauritius  airport,  and  in  implementing  the  three  private-sector  support  programmes  in 
Madagascar. In Seychelles, the EU’s significant intervention through the Port Victoria Extension and 
Rehabilitation project, in collaboration with the EIB and the AFD, aims to enhance the capacity and 
efficiency  of  the  commercial  port  within  Port  Victoria.  This  project  is  pivotal  for  the  EU’s  Global 
Gateways strategy in the West Indian Ocean region, with the objective of fostering socio-economic 
growth in Seychelles. 

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In  Madagascar,  various  sectors  including  transport,  energy,  and  private-sector  development  have 
seen  notable  advancements.  Infrastructure  projects  like  the  rehabilitation  and  modernisation  of 
roads  RN6,  RN13,  and  RNT12A  are  underway,  contributing  to  improved  connectivity.  Additionally, 
efforts  in  the  energy  sector,  with  projects  like  ‘Angovo’  for  rural  electrification,  highlight  the  EU’s 
commitment  to  sustainable  development.  Moreover,  support  for  the  private  sector  through 
initiatives like CLIM-INVEST and INCUBOOST, along with trade facilitation programmes, illustrate the 
EU’s comprehensive approach to fostering economic growth and social development. 

The  Global  Gateway  360-degree  approach  is  applied  throughout.  It  is  visible  for  example  in  the 
priority  corridors,  including  the  Lobito  Corridor,  connecting  the  Lobito  port  in  Angola  with  the 
Lualaba and Katanga provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the copper belt in Zambia. 
This  corridor  was  included  as  a  Global  Gateway  flagship  in  2024.  With  the  objective  of  upgrading 
critical  infrastructure  and  unlocking  the  enormous  potential  of  this  region,  the  Memorandum  of 
Understanding  for  the  Lobito  corridor  was  enhanced  in  October  2024  with  Italy  joining.  The 
Memorandum  had  been  signed  in  October  2023  by  seven  parties  (Angola,  DRC,  Zambia,  EU,  USA, 
Africa  Finance  Corporation  -  AFC,  and  African  Development  Bank  -  AfDB).  Under  NDICI-Global 
Europe, the EU is committing about EUR 520 million in grants, benefiting the three countries through 
projects  that  support  growth  and  diversification  of  local  economies:  climate-smart  energy, 
agriculture value chains, CRMs, trade and transit facilitation, education, and skills development. 

In  Southern  Africa  and  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  EU  has  invested  in  economic  diplomacy,  promoting 
market  access,  improving  the  business  and  investment  climate,  and  encouraging  broadening  and 
deepening of economic  partnership  agreements  (EPAs).,  such  as  the  eastern  and  Southern  African 
EPA with five  eastern and the  Southern African partners (ESA5): Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, 
Seychelles  and  Zimbabwe;  and  Southern  African  Development  Community  (SADC)  EPA  comprising 
Botswana,  Lesotho,  Mozambique,  Namibia,  South  Africa  and  Eswatini  (with  Angola  negotiating  to 
join). 

The Global Gateway was promoted, and valuable stakeholder engagement achieved, at the following 
events: 

•  Zambia-EU Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Forum: 1-3 March 2023, Lusaka, Zambia; 
•  EU – Botswana Business Forum (EBBF): 11-12 October 2023, Gaborone, Botswana; 
•  EU-Namibia Business Forum: 24-25 October 2023, Brussels, Belgium; 
• 
•  Mozambique-EU  Global  Gateway  Investment  Forum:  22-23 November  2023,  Maputo, 

second EU-Angola Business Forum: 17 November 2023, Luanda, Angola; 

Mozambique; 

•  Zambia Business Forum on Value Addition in the Copper Sector, 10-12 April 2024; 
•  Malawi (GG Investment Forum) Business Forum, 26-28 November 2024. 

And preparations have started for following events: 

‘European Union-Zimbabwe Business Forum’, Harare, 20-22 May 2025; 

• 
•  Namibia-EU Business Forum, 22-24 October 2025 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

In  the  digital  sector,  the  D4D  Hub  is  further  strengthening  the  coordinated  partnership  between 
European  and  African  actors  and  ensuring  the  promotion  of  European  human-centric  values  and 
standards.  Several  programmes  have  been  launched  as  part  of  the  regional  ‘Digital  economy  and 

74 

 
 
 
society  in  Africa’  TEI,  aimed  at  establishing  conducive  regulations  and  promoting  regional 
convergence for affordable, secure, reliable and high-speed connectivity infrastructure and services, 
notably for the research and education networks. 

In  Kenya,  the  Global  Gateway  flagship  on  digitalisation  achieved  key  milestones,  both  operational 
and policy-related. On the operational side, the last-mile connectivity action with UNICEF completed 
its inception with the selection of 1 000 schools to be newly connected or upgraded in 14 counties. 

On  digital  governance,  the  EU  furthered  its  presence  and  offer  with  the  launch  of  an  adequacy 
dialogue on data protection, which may lead to an adequacy decision in 2025, a first on the African 
continent. Through the Digital Transformation Centre, the EU delivered key support to the ICT policy 
review and drafting of Kenya’s first national artificial intelligence strategy. Further support was given 
to  the  digital  transformation  in  Botswana  as  well  as  to  the  enhancement  of  governance  and  an 
enabling environment in the information and communications technology sector in Zambia. 

Migration and forced displacement 

On migration management, The EU hast priorities protection, assistance with voluntary return and 
the  sustainable  reintegration  of  migrants  along  the  Atlantic/western  Mediterranean  and  central 
Mediterranean routes . In 2024, it also prioritised support for the African diaspora in order to boost 
entrepreneurship and job creation through South-South cooperation (EUR 5 million). The EU and its 
Member  States  have  been  joining  efforts  in  two  TEIs  to  address  migration  challenges  on  the 
Atlantic/western  Mediterranean  and  central  Mediterranean  routes.  The  TEIs  are  specifically 
concerned  with  the  protection  of  migrants,  refugees  and  internally  displaced  persons  (IDPs),  and 
fighting trafficking in human beings and smuggling. 

In 2024, the EU adopted new actions to respond to the challenges of irregular migration and migrant 
smuggling  in  West  Africa.  New  programmes  will  focus  on  migration  management  systems  and  on 
addressing the root causes of irregular migration, while focusing on youth and the green transition. 
The  EU  also  established  a  migration  partnership  with  Mauritania  for  effective  and  mutually 
beneficial cooperation on prevention and migration management. 

On  forced  displacement,  the  regional  programme  focused  in  2024  on  protecting,  assisting  and 
facilitating  durable  solutions  for  refugees  and  internally  displaced  populations,  to  implement  the 
Global  Compact  for  Refugees  and  support  nationally  owned  sustainable  solutions  for  IDPs  in  ways 
that  fully  respect  human  rights.  In  that  sense,  the  EU  deployed  its  support  in  the  Sahel,  the West 
African  coastal  countries,  the  DRC  and  Chad  to  respond  to  forced-displacement  crises 
(EUR 140 million in total). 

The flexible mechanism for migration financed initiatives in seven countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 
either to support  the outcome of EU migration dialogue  with those  countries or to encourage  the 
adoption  and  implementation  of  appropriate  migration  management  and  forced  displacement 
policies.  Initiatives  were  approved  in  Cameroun,  Côte  d’Ivoire,  Djibouti,  the  Gambia,  Mauritania, 
Senegal, and Uganda. 

2024 saw the organisation of the first Partnership Dialogue in Cameroon, with a focus on migration 
and fisheries,  following the  ratification of the Samoa Agreement  by Cameroon in July  2024. These 
exchanges  were  accompanied  by  a  strengthening  of  ‘migration’  support:  a  new  EUR 10 million 
programme with the IOM was signed in December 2024. At the same time, the EU Delegation has 
engaged on a more political level by supporting the voter registration process, as a prelude to the 
electoral processes expected at the end of 2025. 

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In South Sudan, the EU  played a significant  role amidst  the  arrival of 954 616 displaced people  by 
December  2024,  70%  of  whom  were  South  Sudanese  returnees,  affected  by  climate  change  and 
conflict. Efforts supported vulnerable populations and host communities with health, education and 
livelihoods, especially in regions like Upper Nile, Unity, and northern Bahr el-Ghazal, as well as Juba 
and  Central  Equatoria.  Using  a  nexus  approach,  the  EU  integrated  community  reconciliation  and 
peacebuilding  amid  extreme  poverty  and  food  insecurity,  ensuring  access  to  essential  services  for 
IDPs, refugees and returnees. Policy-level support facilitated the development of the National Area-
Based Durable Solutions Roadmap and action plans for Upper Nile State. By the end of 2024, over 
18 000 refugee returnees and individuals at risk of statelessness had received civil documentation, 
including national identity cards, through collaboration with national authorities. 

Governance, peace and security 

On  peace  and  security,  the  regional  programme  supported  ECOWAS  in  implementing  its  peace, 
security  and  governance  mandate,  with  a  specific  focus  on  support  for  elections  and  the  early 
prevention of  conflicts.  A new  programme  was  also adopted  to  support multidimensional  security 
and  stabilisation  efforts  in  West  and  Central  Africa,  aimed  at  reinforcing  African  law  enforcement 
agencies,  judiciary  institutions  and  non-state  actors.  The  regional  programme  also  supported 
prevention  and  mitigation  of  the  impact  of  local  conflicts  and  the  resilience  of  communities  in 
borderland  areas 
in  Central  African 
specifically 
Republic/Chad/Cameroun/Sudan. 

Faso/Togo/Benin, 

in  Burkina 

and 

In  Somalia,  the  ‘Security  and  Justice  Governance  and  Accountability  Project’  (SJGAP)  aimed  to 
promote human security and rule of law through a better-managed and more accountable security 
sector,  more  effective  justice  institutions  and  strengthened  conflict  resolution  mechanisms.  The 
project  continued  its  efforts  to  institutionally  strengthen  and  build  capacity  in  the  Ministries  of 
Justice,  Internal  Security  and  Defence.  SJGAP  was  able  to  provide  significant  capacity-building 
support, notably in the development of key policies, legislation and strategies, including the Defence 
Bill and Police Bill. With the project at its mid-point, its work plan is being reviewed and expanded 
support for two federal member states of Somalia is being assessed. In 2024, the EU also finalised 
the contracting of a new project on IT equipment delivery, to further strengthen capacities in these 
key ministries. 

In  West  Africa,  the  EU  applied  a  humanitarian-development-peace  nexus  approach  to  its 
engagement  towards  partner  countries  particularly  in  the  Sahel  and  the  coastal  countries. The  EU 
continued to support local populations in Burkina Faso and Mali and to reinforce state presence in 
the northern regions of the Gulf of Guinea suffering from spillover of terrorism and insecurity from 
the  Sahel.  To  promote  stability  in  Guinea-Bissau,  the  EU  recently  launched  a  EUR 6 million 
programme to support the government in strengthening the justice sector. This initiative focuses on 
enhancing institutional capacity and ensuring the delivery of quality services, including at community 
level, contributing to greater stability and governance in the country. In Lesotho, the EU trains police 
officers on human rights and helped create the first-ever child-friendly courts in Lesotho to ensure 
better access to justice for children. 

In  May,  in  Tanzania,  the  EU  Delegation  launched  the  Youth  Sounding  Board  with  25  young 
Tanzanians to enhance youth participation in EU cooperation policies. Members actively engaged in 
EU events, training, programme monitoring, and awareness campaigns, promoting opportunities like 
Erasmus+ scholarships and youth-focused funding initiatives, while amplifying EU priorities on social 
media and at grassroots level. 

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In Central African Republic, the  EU adopted a comprehensive  EUR 52 million package contributing 
to good governance, peace and security. The EU will work simultaneously on strengthening the rule 
of  law  and  justice,  with  the  aim  of  improving  the  independence  and  accountability  of  judicial 
personnel, increasing access to justice (particularly for women), improving respect for human rights, 
and  strengthening  transitional  and  traditional  justice.  In  line  with  this  support  from  the  EU,  a  TEI 
initiative  for  the  Special  Criminal  Court  was  launched  at  the  end  of  2024.  It  brings  together 
11 partners (including Belgium, Germany, France and Switzerland). The EU will also support reform 
of  public  finance  management  aimed  at  increasing  own  resources  and  improving  budgetary 
transparency.  Finally,  the  EU  will  support  the  modernisation  of  the  civil  register  (état  civil)  and 
support independent media in the country. 

Under the European Peace Facility, the EU has also supported the armed forces of Benin, Cameroon, 
Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritania, Mozambique, Republic 
of  the  Congo  and  Somalia  by  providing  equipment  and  training  for  the  fight  against  terrorism, 
including  for  maritime  security.  The  support  totals  approximately  EUR 315 million  in  ongoing 
assistance  measures.  This  comes  in  addition  to  Peace  Facility  contributions  to  the  peace-support 
operations led by the African Union (EUR 600 million), such as the Multinational Joint Task Force for 
the fight against Boko Haram and the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia. 

Food security and nutrition 

Concerning  agri-food  systems,  at  regional  level  the  livestock-pastoralism  package  was  completed: 
the West Africa pastoralism programme (2022 AAP: EUR 60 million) was complemented by a similar 
programme  in the  Horn of  Africa  (EUR 40 million)  and  a  transversal  action  of  EUR 8 million  on  the 
eradication of PPR (Pest des Petits Ruminants). 

The EU’s engagement in improving the capacities of West African countries to face recurrent food 
crises  was  channelled  through  two  programmes.  The  Strategic  Food  Reserves  in  West  Africa 
programme (2022 AAP: EUR 20 million) helps strengthen the capacities of the West Africa regional 
organisation to ensure food security for the population. This action supports the regional food stock 
strategy,  one  of  the  pillars  of  the  West  African  response  to  recurrent  food  crises.  The  second 
programme  is  ‘Information  systems  in  food  and  nutritional  security  in  the  Sahel  and  West  Africa’ 
(2024 AAP: EUR 10 million). This will focus on strengthening crisis management, prevention systems 
and  information  systems,  taking  an  inclusive  and  gender-based  approach.  It  aims  to  improve  the 
quality, transparency, accountability and efficiency of those mechanisms and tools. 

The EU promoted the agro-ecological transitions of food systems in Sub-Saharan Africa through the 
EUR 150 million  DeSIRA+  programme.  This  will  help  boost  investment  in  efforts  to  improve 
understanding and use of ecological processes, to develop agro-ecological technologies, to stimulate 
and  scale  up  innovation,  to  mobilise  and  strengthen  the  capacities  of  national  research,  farmers’ 
organisations, NGOs and the  private sector, and to improve enabling policies for agro-ecology and 
sustainable food systems. Furthermore, two contracts were signed in 2023 under the Great Green 
Wall  (GGW)  Initiative  (EUR 13 million),  to  support  the  development  of  a  mosaic  of  green  and 
productive landscapes across 18 countries in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. 

The Farmers’ Organisations for Africa (FO4A) programme, connecting farmers with agribusiness and 
agricultural value chain support (2024 AAP: EUR 30 million), will promote inclusive, sustainable and 
climate-resilient  agricultural  value  chains  through  policy  support,  technical  assistance  and  the 
empowerment  of  key  actors  linking  agribusiness  to  African  farmers.  The  European  Commission 
supports  food  security  and  nutrition  initiatives  in  Kenya,  Cameroon  and  Zambia.  For  instance,  in 

77 

 
 
Zambia, under the Agriculture Value Chain Facility, an agreement was signed with First Capital Bank 
Zambia, as the second-biggest local financial intermediary bank, for a EUR 20 million investment to 
provide loans for SMEs in the agriculture and aquaculture sectors, with an additional EUR 2.6 million 
grant from the EU. 

Case study 

Rehabilitation feeder and farm roads – an EU-Africa flagship project 

In June 2024, at an official ceremony, the EU and the Ghanaian government handed over 670 kms of 
rehabilitated roads to beneficiary communities in the Upper West Region. 

The rehabilitation of feeder roads will help boost agriculture, facilitate market access and increase 
farmers’  incomes  in northern  Ghana. During  the  inauguration  ceremony,  the  EU  Ambassador  to 
Ghana said that ‘This project, representing EUR 35 million (…) is an important part of the European 
Union Global Gateway initiative (…). The roads that we are commissioning today provide vital links to 
the  areas  of  agricultural  production  and  market  centres.  This  project  will  unlock  new  economic 
opportunities for communities in the Upper West Region as well as help reduce transport costs and 
travel time’. 

This project, funded under the 11th EDF – ‘Productive investments for development of sustainable 
agriculture and better market access in northern Ghana’ is part of a wider package encompassing: 
improved  access  to  healthcare  (rehabilitation  of  Community-based  Health  Planning  Centres); 
irrigation schemes (eight new dams and over 45 boreholes to be constructed; 10 existing dams to be 
rehabilitated); support for agribusiness and for resilience to climate change; and access to finance. 
All these actions contribute to development and stability in northern Ghana. 

4.1.3.  Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

Sub-Saharan Africa has the EU’s largest humanitarian budgetary envelope. In 2024, EUR 956 million 
was allocated to humanitarian assistance in Sub-Saharan Africa, responding to some of the world’s 
gravest crises. 

The  conflict  and  humanitarian  crisis  in  Sudan  has  become  the  world’s  largest  displacement  crisis, 
with 11.5 million internally  displaced persons  –  about  30% of the entire  population and 15%  of all 
IDPs  worldwide.  In  addition,  over  3.3 million  people  have  crossed  the  borders  into  neighbouring 
countries. Over 24.6 million Sudanese, more than half of the population, are experiencing acute food 
insecurity  (IPC  Phase 3  or  above)  and,  in  December,  the  IPC-Famine  Review  Committee  Report 
identified famine in at least five areas. The conflict has brought massive violations of IHL and human 
rights, including war crimes and likely crimes against humanity. 

In 2024, the EU allocated close to EUR 260 million to the humanitarian response to the Sudan crisis, 
including over EUR 147 million in Sudan alone, providing life-saving assistance to those affected by 
the  crisis,  both  in  Sudan  and  in  neighbouring  countries.  The  EU  also  mobilised  its  European 
Humanitarian Response Capacity to support the response to the Sudan crisis, including warehousing 
and logistics support in Chad, at the border with Sudan, a helicopter to facilitate movements during 
the rainy season, seven EU humanitarian air bridge (HAB) flights for the response in the East of Chad 
and  across  the  border  into  Sudan,  and  a multi-modal  bridge  operation transporting medical  items 
into the city of Port Sudan. 

78 

 
 
 
The  severe  humanitarian  crisis  in  the  Horn  of  Africa  continued  in  2024,  with  close  to  35 million 
people requiring humanitarian assistance in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. Conflicts and the 
impact  of  natural  hazards,  such  as  localised  droughts,  floods  and  landslides  aggravated  by  climate 
change, are driving internal displacement, food insecurity and cross-border flows. The EU continued 
to support the most vulnerable through multi-sectoral humanitarian action and mobilised additional 
funding  throughout  the  year  to  respond  to  cholera  outbreaks,  floods  and  new  population 
displacements.  More  than  EUR 185 million  was  allocated  in  2024,  and  the  Commission  devoted 
considerable  efforts  to  improving  the  accountability  of  aid  in  the  region,  and  continued  its  policy 
dialogue with the African Union as part of efforts to develop its Humanitarian Agency. 

In 2024 the EU continued its support for life-saving activities in South Sudan, where over 70% of the 
population  needed  humanitarian  assistance  –  a  situation  exacerbated  by  the  arrival  of  close  to  a 
million people fleeing the conflict in neighbouring Sudan. Continued assistance was also provided to 
address humanitarian needs in Uganda, which hosts over 1.7 million refugees and asylum seekers, 
the largest refugee population in Africa. 

The Democratic  Republic of Congo experienced a further aggravation of the  conflicts between the 
Congolese army, the FARDC, various armed groups, and the M23 insurgency supported by Rwanda. 
This  brought  a  dramatic  increase  in  humanitarian  needs,  particularly  in  the  eastern  provinces.  In 
2024,  the  integrated  UN  Stabilisation  Mission  in  the  DRC,  MONUSCO,  withdrew  from  South  Kivu, 
while M23 encircled Goma and made further inroads into north Kivu. Violations of human rights and 
IHL  are  a  daily  occurrence,  as  are  widespread  sexual  and  gender-based  violence.  The  extreme 
vulnerability of civilians to protection incidents is one of the factors justifying the holistic approach 
to gender-based violence pursued by the Commission in implementing its aid in DRC. As part of this 
response, Commission funding provided, among other things, medical and psychosocial support for 
survivors  of  violence(86),  as  well  as  emergency  livelihoods  for  survivors  and  at-risk  populations.  In 
2024,  the  EU  response  included  EUR 112 million  to  address  humanitarian  needs  in  assistance, 
logistics  support,  EU  HAB  flights,  and  strong  advocacy  efforts,  including  a  visit  by  (former) 
Commissioner Lenarčič to the country. 

The situation in Central Sahel, characterised by violence against civilians and IHL violations, is fuelling 
forced displacement into coastal countries in the Gulf of Guinea. The worsening of the situation in 
Mali,  with  the  withdrawal  of  the  UN  integrated  mission  (MINUSMA)  and  the  termination  of  the 
Algiers Peace Process at the end of 2023, has caused an even greater refugee influx into Mauritania. 
Numbers have increased by 142%, since early 2024 (to more than 262 000 people). Despite facing 
growing  humanitarian  access  restrictions,  the  Commission  provided  a  total  of EUR 130.6 million  in 
multisector assistance for the people most exposed to the crisis in Central Sahel and neighbouring 
countries (coastal countries and Mauritania) in 2024. 

The Lake Chad Basin crisis, which results from a regional conflict affecting north-east Nigeria, the far 
north  of  Cameroon,  Chad’s  Lake  region  and  Niger’s  Diffa  region,  is  an  acute  and  protracted  crisis, 
now  in  its  fifteenth  year.  Of  the  10.2  million  people  in  need  of  humanitarian  assistance,  about 
6.1 million  people  were  severely  food-insecure  (IPC3+)  and  299 000  children  were  admitted  for 
treatment against  severe acute malnutrition in 2024. Significant  protection threats and large-scale 
population  movements  characterise  this  complex  crisis.  Multisector  emergency  assistance  for  the 
people  most  exposed  to  the  crisis  totalled  over  EUR 200 million  in  the  countries  affected  in  2024 

86 Including SRHR support, health facilities, mobile clinics, Women and Girls Safe Spaces, etc. 

79 

 
 
 
(Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger), with most funding going to food security, nutrition and rapid 
response. 

Southern  Africa  faces  a  complex  array  of  humanitarian  challenges  driven  by  environmental,  social 
and economic factors. Tropical cyclones, such as Chido which hit the region in December 2024, are 
frequent, as are floods and droughts. These  cause  significant  damage on a yearly basis. In 2024, a 
prolonged El Niño-induced drought scorched crops in a region where 70% of the population rely on 
income from agriculture to survive. More than 30 million people across 14 countries are facing acute 
food  insecurity  and  six  countries  have  declared  a  state  of  emergency  due  to  the  El  Niño-induced 
drought: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Several countries have  also 
been affected by cholera outbreaks. Conflict and violence have continued in northern Mozambique 
with 1.3 million displaced people over seven years of conflict. In Mozambique, the EU funded new 
actions in the areas of food security, nutrition, WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene), education in 
emergencies, protection, rapid-response mechanism and disaster preparedness. In Madagascar, the 
EU supported cash transfer, nutrition, protection and disaster preparedness operations in the ‘Grand 
Sud’ and south-east. Finally, EUR 900 000 was allocated in December to provide relief assistance for 
the  population  in  northern  Mozambique  affected  by  tropical  cyclone  Chido.  Regionally,  the  EU 
continued  to  support  disaster  preparedness  capacities,  and  an  additional  EUR 25 million  was 
allocated in response to the El Niño-induced drought. 

In 2024, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) was activated four times to provide support 
and assistance for Sub-Saharan countries (Burundi, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, and Rwanda) in response 
to natural disasters and health emergencies. In Central Africa, the UCPM was activated to support 
Burundi,  by  sending  technical  experts  following  the  severe  floods  caused  by  heavy  rains.  The 
Mechanism  also  helped  Rwanda  by  providing  personal  protective  equipment  and  epidemiologist 
expertise following the Marburg virus outbreak in the country. In East Africa, the UCPM channelled 
assistance to Ethiopia in response to the severe landslides that affected the country. The Mechanism 
also  cooperated  with  the  UNEP/OCHA  Joint  Environmental  Unit  to  address  the  environmental 
impact.  In  West  Africa,  in  the  central  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  UCPM  channelled  COVID-19  vaccines  to 
Cabo Verde, in order to help the fight against the virus. In addition, the Commission provided rapid 
support for people affected by natural hazards, epidemics and human-induced crises in 34 countries, 
mobilising EUR 17 million from the Emergency Toolbox and EUR 7 million through its contribution to 
the  International  Federation  of  the  Red  Cross’s  Disaster  Response  Emergency  Fund  operations  in 
Sub-Saharan Africa. 

4.1.4.  Crisis response and preparedness 

With 16 new crisis response actions related to Sub-Saharan Africa launched in 2024 under the rapid-
response pillar of the NDICI- Global Europe, the EU responded to the numerous crises in the region. 

Crisis  response  actions  continued  to  address  some  of  the  main  emerging  and  acute  conflicts  and, 
post-crisis  contexts  in  the  region,  including  in  Nigeria,  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Greater  Horn  of 
Africa. Significant actions were launched covering human security, stabilisation, confidence building, 
cyber  security,  hybrid  threats,  disinformation  as  well  as  accountability  and  prevention  of electoral 
violence. 

Actions were also deployed to prevent and reduce gender-based violence in Sudan and Chad, and to 
prevent radicalisation and violent extremism in Senegal and Guinea. 

After a year of devastating war in Sudan, the EU has adopted three new actions to strengthen the 
role of local responders for assistance delivery and help build trust, and to support the International 

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Criminal Court in monitoring and investigating any alleged violations in Darfur to protect the most 
vulnerable and ensure justice. In the Great Lakes, an action on local peace efforts in eastern DRC and 
cross-border  mediation  were  initiated.  To  reduce  the  risk  of  violent  electoral  processes,  crisis 
response measures were taken in Ivory Coast and Gabon. Support for social cohesion and the role of 
civil society in Burkina Faso was another key action taken in 2024. In Nigeria, a new action aimed to 
facilitate  peace,  reduce  violence  and  enhance  resilience  among  conflict-affected  communities. 
Another priorities was addressing the risk of increased tensions due to the influx of refugees from 
Mali into Mauritania. In Somalia, an action was adopted to support civilian stabilisation, consolidate 
peace and enhance social cohesion in areas liberated from violent extremism. Further support was 
provided  for the  transitional  justice  process  in  Ethiopia.  Particular  attention  was  given to  ensuring 
consistency  between  crisis  response  actions  and  CSDP  missions  in  all  countries  where  they  are 
deployed. This includes actions  in the Central African Republic, the Sahel and Somalia. In addition, 
the  EU  also  supports  Sub-Saharan  countries  through  the  European  Peace  Facility,  an  off-budget 
instrument, in their fight against terrorism. 

In  2024  the  EU  supported  peace  and  security  in  sub-Saharan  Africa  through,  amongst  others,  five 
civilian CSDP missions and three EU Special Representatives. 

The  European Union CSDP  Mission  in  Mali  (EUCAP  Sahel  Mali),  launched  in 2014  and  extended  to 
January  2025, continued to support the Malian internal security forces. The Regional Advisory and 
Coordination  Cell  (RACC),  embedded  within  EUCAP  Sahel  Mali,  continued  to  enhance  regional 
cooperation and operational capabilities in the field of defence and security. 

The  EU  CSDP Mission  in  Niger  (EUCAP  Sahel  Niger)  had  to  cease  activities  and  withdraw  from  the 
country after the Nigerien de facto authorities revoked the Status of Mission Agreement (SOMA). 

The European Union Advisory Mission to Central African Republic (EUAM RCA) continued to support 
the establishment of rule-based governance, increase capacities within the Ministry for Interior and 
Public  Security,  and  foster  a  sustainable  transformation  of  the  Central  African  Republic’s  internal 
security forces and their effective operational functioning and deployment. 

In 2024, the EU Capacity-Building Mission in Somalia (EUCAP Somalia) continued its work to enhance 
Somali  maritime  civilian  law  enforcement  including  by  providing  the  necessary  mentoring,  advice, 
training  and  equipment  for  Somali  maritime  civilian  law  enforcement  entities.  The  Mission  also 
started to focus on advising, training and equipping the Somali police force. 

In 2024, the civilian pillar of the ‘European Union Security and Defence Initiative in support of West 
African  countries  of  the  Gulf  of  Guinea’  supported  the  capacities  of  the  civilian  security  forces  of 
Benin, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana though training, workshops and equipment. 

The  EU  Special  Representative  (EUSR)  for  the  Sahel’s  mandate,  extended  until  31 August  2026, 
actively contributed to regional and international efforts to achieve lasting peace, security, stability 
and  sustainable  development  in the  region.  Furthermore,  the  EUSR  aimed to enhance  the  quality, 
impact and visibility of the EU’s multifaceted engagement in the Sahel in an integrated way. 

The EUSR for the Horn of Africa actively contributed to regional and international efforts to achieve 
peaceful coexistence and lasting peace, security, and development within and among the countries 
in the region. The EUSR also engaged with the countries of the Red Sea and Nile Basin as well as with 
relevant  regional or  international entities  as  appropriate.  The  mandate  of  the EUSR  was  extended 
until 31 August 2026. 

81 

 
 
A  new  EUSR  for  the  Great  Lakes  region  was  appointed  in  2024,  with  a  mandate  to  contribute  to 
peace,  stability  and  security  in  the  Great  Lakes  region  by  promoting  the  de-escalation  of  tensions 
and the prevention of conflicts, and supporting dialogue and long-term regional solutions to crises 
and conflicts, in particular for the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). 

The  EU  increased  support  for  biosecurity  in  the  region  through  the  EU  Chemical,  Biological, 
Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Centres of Excellence initiative, with actions focused on enhanced 
early detection and preparedness for emerging viral diseases, strengthened epidemiology response 
and  enhanced  capacity  of  public  health  laboratories  to  produce  reliable  test  results  and  establish 
quality management systems. 

4.2.  Asia and the Pacific 

4.2.1.  East Asia and South Asia 

4.2.1.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

Pakistan continued to be marred by a series of simultaneous crises,  in the political, economic and 
social spheres. Following an overdue and heavily disputed general elections, which finally took place 
in  February  2024,  a  coalition  majority  formed  a  stable  government.  The  Election  Experts  Mission 
(EEM) deployed by the EU formulated a set of recommendations to address the very controversial 
electoral process. An already fragile political and economic situation has been further compounded 
by  increasing  security  challenges  stemming  from  Afghanistan-based  and  local  terrorist  groups. 
Furthermore,  the  EU  continued  to  monitor  the  implementation  of  governance,  human  and  labour 
rights conventions connected to the General Scheme of Preferences (GSP+). 

The EU continued to use its diplomatic presence in Afghanistan to reach out to the Afghan people 
and to ensure a communication channel with the Taliban de facto authorities in Kabul, notably on 
restoring  the  basic  rights  of  women  and  girls  and  implementing  assistance  in  line  with  an 
overarching  ‘for  women  by  women’  principle.  The  EU  actively  contributed  to  the  UN-led  political 
process aiming to keep unity in the international community and engaging with the Taliban de facto 
authorities on a number of topics. 

2024 marked  the  20th  Anniversary of  the  EU-India  Strategic Partnership.  Wide-ranging  relations  – 
captured  in  the  EU-India  Roadmap  to  2025  –  continued  to  expand,  including  in  relation  to  trade, 
technology,  the  green  transition,  digital  transformation,  connectivity,  and  security  and  defence. 
Negotiations on an EU-India Free Trade Agreement and an Agreement on Geographical Indications 
(GIs)  continued.  Numerous  sectoral  dialogues  were  held  during  the  year,  alongside  foreign  policy 
and security consultations and the Strategic Partnership review, which took stock of implementation 
of the EU-India Roadmap. President von der Leyen announced a new strategic agenda on India in the 
Political Guidelines for 2024-2029 (from 24 July 2024). It will focus on prosperity and sustainability, 
technology  and  innovation,  security  and  defence,  connectivity  and  global  issues,  and  deepening 
people-to-people contacts. This will form the basis for further intensifying of ties. The EU and India 
address  key  trade,  trusted  technology  and  security  challenges  through  the  EU-INDIA  Trade  and 
Technology Council (TTC), which was set up in 2023. 

The  EU  deployed  an  EEM  for  the  parliamentary  elections  held  in  Bangladesh  on  7 January  and  its 
report  was  made  public.  The  EU  has  engaged  with  Bangladesh’s  interim  government  –  installed 
following  the  overthrow  of  the  Awami  League  government  –  including  on  the  extensive  reform 
process.  The  EU  and  Bangladesh  launched  negotiations  on  a  new  Partnership  and  Cooperation 
Agreement. 

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The  EU  supported  the  democratic  process  in  Sri  Lanka  by  deploying  a  full-fledged  Election 
Observation  Mission  (EOM)  to  observe  the  presidential  election  and  an  EEM  to  observe  the 
parliamentary  election.  The  EU  supports  the  country’s  reform  agenda,  and  monitors  Sri  Lanka’s 
compliance with its GSP+ commitments to ensure continued access to the European market for Sri 
Lanka’s export industries. 

The  EU  continued  to  engage  with  China  to  promote  EU  interests,  and  on  global  challenges  in  line 
with the Council Conclusions of June 2023, in particular with regard to climate and the environment. 
The  objective  to  maintain  constructive  and  stable  relations  remained,  as  well  as  keeping  a  robust 
and  realistic  approach  towards  China,  through  a  ‘multifaceted  approach’  (partner  -  competitor  - 
rival)(87). The three priorities in the EU engagement are: (i) addressing China’s support to Russia; (ii) 
rebalancing the economic and trade relationship; and (iii)  continuing engagement on global issues, 
especially  climate  change.  The  EU-China  Summit  on  July  24  was  a  key  moment  to  convey  these 
messages to the Chinese leadership in a frank and constructive manner. 

In Mongolia, following parliamentary elections and the forming of a new coalition government, 2024 
saw  continued  EU  efforts  to  support  the  country’s  economic  and  institutional  reform  processes 
through  Budget  Support,  Twinning  and  TAIEX  projects  (to  support  judicial  reform).  With  Mongolia 
being  one  of  the  first  countries  to  conclude  a  Forest  Partnership  with  the  EU,  in  2024  the  EIB 
prepared  a  loan  to  fund  implementation  activities.  Increasing  the  share  of  renewable  energy  in  a 
carbon-based  economy  and,  through  the  prolonged  GSP  Regulation,  reducing  the  country’s 
economic dependence and supporting its diversification continued to be important priorities for the 
EU.  However,  Mongolia  increased  the  volume  of  its  coal  exports  to  China.  Critical  raw  materials 
(CRMs)  remain  high  on  Team  Europe’s  agenda  with  Mongolia.  An  investment  agreement  for  a 
substantial uranium project with France was signed at the end of the year. 

Laos  was  the  ASEAN  Chair  in  2024.  The  EU-ASEAN  Plan  of  Action  to  Implement  the  Strategic 
Partnership (2023-2027) was taken forward. The High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security 
Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission (HRVP) reviewed progress at the EU-ASEAN Post-
Ministerial Conference in Vientiane in July, where he also took part in the ASEAN Regional Forum. 

Brunei  became  the  EU’s  ASEAN  Coordinator  for  the  next  three  years,  after  three  fruitful  years 
working hand-in-hand with the Philippines. 

The  EU-Thailand  Partnership  and  Cooperation  Agreement  entered  into  provisional  application  on 
20 October 2024. Free trade agreement negotiations were accelerated with Indonesia and Thailand 
and resumed with the Philippines and Malaysia(88). The EU finalised negotiations on a digital trade 
agreement with Singapore to improve legal certainty for end-to-end digital trade. The EU intensified 
its  dialogue  with  Vietnam,  with the  HRVP visiting  Vietnam  twice,  underlining  the  strengthening  of 
bilateral  relations.  The  Human  Rights  Dialogue  with  Indonesia  was  resumed.  The  EU  continued  to 
implement the  Decision on  the  partial withdrawal  of  Everything  but  Arms (EBA) trade  preferences 
from Cambodia. 

The  EU  continued  to  closely  follow  the  situation  in  Myanmar  and  to  stand  by  its  people.  The  EU 
adopted new targeted sanctions against the military regime in Myanmar, while avoiding harm to the 
civilian  population.  The  EU  continued  to  support  the  ASEAN  Five-Point  Consensus  to  address  the 

87 In line with the Council Conclusions of June 2023. 
88 In January 2025. 

83 

 
 
 
crisis  in  Myanmar,  and  deepened  its  engagement  with  the  National  Unity  Government  and  other 
anti-coup stakeholders. 

In  2024,  the  EU  and  Japan  strengthened  their  partnership  through  key  milestones,  including  the 
inaugural  EU-Japan  Strategic  Dialogue,  the  EU-Japan  Security  and  Defence  Partnership,  and  high-
level dialogues on economic, digital and climate issues. They also launched negotiations for Japan’s 
association to Horizon Europe. These engagements reaffirmed our shared commitment to upholding 
common values, tackling global challenges, and a strong convergence on economic security, as well 
as the green and digital transitions. 

The EU and South Korea (Republic of Korea – ROK) strengthened their partnership in a very similar 
manner,  through  the  inaugural  EU-ROK  Strategic  Dialogue,  the  EU-ROK  Security  and  Defence 
Partnership,  and  high-level  dialogues  on  economic,  digital  and  climate  issues.  They  also  launched 
negotiations  for  ROK’s  association  to  Horizon  Europe.  These  engagements  reaffirmed  our  shared 
commitment to upholding common values, tackling global challenges, and a strong convergence on 
economic security, as well as the green and digital transitions. 

4.2.1.2. Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

In  2024,  the  European  Commission  implemented  a  range  of  projects  aimed  at  promoting  human 
development and reducing inequalities in the region. Here below a few examples. 

In Afghanistan, throughout 2024, the EU continued to deliver basic needs and livelihoods assistance 
to  the  Afghan  people  despite  the  increased  complexity  in  the  operating  environment.  Challenges 
included  the  adoption  of  the  so-called  ‘morality  law’,  a  ban  on  women’s  studies  in  medical  fields, 
and  the  reinforcement  of  the  2022  ban  on  women  working  in  NGOs,  all  of  which  further  restrict 
fundamental human rights, especially for women. The Commission adopted a new support package 
of EUR 146 million to strengthen basic services and livelihoods, with particular attention to women, 
children and vulnerable populations including internally displaced persons, refugees, minorities and 
returnees.  This  support  will  ensure  continuity  of  essential  services  such  as  healthcare,  education, 
access to food and nutrition, water and sanitation. It is also used to provide community-based safety 
nets and enhance income-generating activities, market access and microfinance. The assistance will 
continue to meaningfully involve women both in the design and delivery of aid. 

Continuing  the  Commission’s  commitment  on  gender  equality  and  women’s  empowerment,  in 
November  2024,  the  Commission  launched  an  action  on  gender  equality  in  India,  focusing  on 
women’s  economic  empowerment  in  key  Global  Gateway  sectors  like  energy  and  digital  including 
gender-related  data,  and  on  textiles.  The  programme  aims  to  create  synergies  and  alliances  for 
gender action, including with the private sector. 

In Bangladesh, despite the political unrest, the Commission resumed implementation of the budget 
support  programme  for  primary  education  and  technical  and  vocational  education  and  training 
(TVET). Significant progress was made in expanding online platforms for training and improving TVET 
sector monitoring and assessment, including through building quality primary school infrastructure. 
Support  through  Budget  Support  was  also  resumed  for  social  protection,  with  a  top-up  of 
EUR 44 million for 2025-2026. As a result, progress was made, amongst others, in the development 
of  a  single  registry  of  workers  and  the  expansion  of  the  Government  to  People  (G2P)  payment 
system. 

84 

 
 
In  Vietnam,  the  Commission  signed  a  financial  agreement  for  the  second  phase  of  the  EU  JULE 
project.  EU  JULE  II  will  strengthen  the  rule  of  law  and  promote  human  rights  through  a  qualified, 
transparent, more inclusive, and independent justice system. 

Green Deal 

The  European  Commission  is  committed  to  supporting  the  transition  to  a  green  economy  in  the 
region, and in 2024, several initiatives were launched to promote sustainable energy practices and 
reduce carbon emissions. 

During 2024, a wide range of Green Deal-related actions were carried out in India, in fields like water 
management, sustainable urbanisation, resource efficiency, circular economy, energy transition, and 
disaster risk management. Some of these were funded through a top-up. Indicative activities include 
the following. 

•  The  Commission  actively  engaged  with  the  Coalition  for  Disaster  Resilient  Infrastructure 
(CDRI),  representing  the  European  constituency  on  the  CDRI’s  Executive  Committee.  A 
EUR 5 million  contribution  from  the  EU  currently  supports  11  ongoing  projects  in  13  small 
island developing states (SIDS), under the IRIS initiative, and the second call for proposals in 
May 2024 led to the selection of 12 new projects. 

• 

•  The sixth India-EU Water Forum, held in September 2024 during India Water Week, tackled 
critical  water  challenges  and  explored  technological  solutions.  It  involved  India,  Team 
Europe  and  East  Africa  stakeholders,  and  initiated  a  collaboration  with  the  Brahmaputra 
River Board under the India-EU Water Initiative (IEWI), starting in December 2024. 
In  December  2024  the  first  programme  steering  committee  meeting  of  the  Resource 
Efficiency  Circular  Economy  (RE/CE)  programme  approved  10  pilot  projects  focused  on 
plastics, textiles and e-waste. 
In  late  2024,  a  new  support  programme  was  signed  with  India  to  apply  just  transition 
principles  in  coal  mine  closure  and  repurposing  in  India.  The  programme  aims  to  improve 
the mine closure framework and promote sustainable development in coal regions, marking 
the EU’s first political engagement with the Ministry of Coal. 

• 

•  A grant contract was signed with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute to 
support  the  ‘Seconded  European  Standardisation  Expert  in  India’  project,  that  promotes 
awareness  of  the  European  standardisation  system  and  keeps  European  stakeholders 
informed about Indian standardisation policies. 

•  Support worth EUR 1 million was approved for the International Solar Alliance (ISA) through 
the Solar Technology Application Research Centre (STAR-C) programme in non-EU countries, 
strengthening the Team Europe approach and building on France’s existing support. 

Following  the  signing  of  the  Bangladesh  Renewable  Energy  Facility  in  late  2023,  the  Commission 
provided  an  additional  EUR 90 million  funding  for  the  Saidabad  project  and  EUR 72 million  for  the 
Ghandarbpur project. The Circular Economy programme, as part of the SWITCH-2 initiative, assisted 
in tackling Bangladesh’s vulnerability on export, supporting the garment sector with innovation and 
policy  guidance  on  EU  initiatives.  The  programme  for  safety  reforms  in  the  ready-made  garment 
sector  (SREUP-RMG)  helped  62 factories  to  improve  safety,  environmental  standards,  and  due 
diligence, investing in effluent treatment, energy-efficient machinery and solar power. 

85 

 
 
 
In  Nepal,  the  Commission  launched  two  important  projects  in  the  energy  sector.  The  project 
GREEN+, Green and Reliable Energy for Economic Prosperity in Nepal, worth EUR 23.58 million, aims 
to help increase reliable, green and inclusive energy supply in Nepal, building the capacities of the 
Nepal Electricity Authority and strengthening electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure. 
The  EUR 9 million  ‘Green  Resilient  Agricultural  Centred  Private  Sector  Economic  Development’ 
(GRAPE  2)  is  meant  to  build  on  a  previous  phase  to  further  advance  sustainable  climate-resilient 
economic  development,  with  a  focus  on  climate  change  adaptation  in  the  agriculture  sector  in 
Nepal, focusing on the far west of Nepal. 

In  Sri  Lanka,  the  Commission  agreed  on  two  EUR 8 million  actions  for  green  recovery.  The  first, 
focused on improving biodiversity and waste management, will build capacity among stakeholders 
for sustainable practices. The second one promotes sustainable, climate-resilient farming practices 
with  an  emphasis  on  youth,  women  and  policy  strengthening.  In  addition,  a  EUR 15 million 
agreement  was  signed  with  the  Asian  Development  Bank  on  renewable  energy.  In  line  with  the 
Global Gateway strategy, the aim is to enhance Sri Lanka’s climate resilience by reducing emissions 
and easing financial burdens on low-consumption consumers, while helping utilities develop virtual 
net-metering for rooftop solar and supporting SMEs and community groups without solar access. 

In  June  2024,  the  Commission  and  the  Maldives  signed  a  EUR 6.5 million  agreement  on  improved 
biodiversity  management  to  support  a  blue  economy  in  the  Maldives.  This  action  aims  to  protect 
and  regenerate  the  vital  mangrove  ecosystems  in  the  country,  contributing  to  biodiversity 
protection. 

In  Laos,  the  EU  launched  a  Global  Gateway  flagship  project  aiming  to  increase  sustainable  and 
inclusive trade, investment, and connectivity in the agriculture and forestry sectors (TICAF), with a 
focus on coffee, tea, and forest-based value chains but also addressing deforestation and enhancing 
infrastructure for transport connectivity. This initiative is expected to have a positive impact on the 
environment, by promoting sustainable agriculture practices and reducing deforestation, while also 
improving the lives of people in the region by providing them with better economic opportunities. 

In  Vietnam,  the  Commission  continued  to  lead  the  Just  Energy  Transition  Partnership  (JETP),  and 
further  supported  energy  transition  in  Vietnam,  promoting  green  growth  and  decarbonisation.  In 
2024, the EU mobilised additional funds to support the establishment of the JETP Secretariat, which 
will  facilitate  project  implementation.  The  JETP  is  expected  to  have  a  positive  impact  on  the 
environment,  by  reducing the  use  of  carbon  and  promoting  the  use  of renewable  energy  sources, 
while  also  ensuring  a  just  transition  and  providing  people  in  the  region  with  better  economic 
opportunities. 

In  Indonesia,  the  Commission  launched the  ‘Attraction Plan  for  Future-Oriented  EU  Foreign Direct 
Investments’,  which  aims  to  promote  green  growth  and  decent  jobs,  and  support  the  country’s 
transition  to  a  higher  middle-income  economy.  This  initiative  is  expected  to  attract  significant 
foreign  investment  to  the  country,  creating  new  job  opportunities  and  promoting  sustainable 
economic growth. 

In  the  Philippines,  the  Commission  started  implementing  the  EUR 60 million  Green  Economy 
Programme,  which  is  the  foundation  stone  for  the  EUR 466 million  Green  Team  Europe  Initiative. 
The Green Economy Forum, kick-starting the Policy Dialogue Platform on green economy, took place 
at  the  end  of  2024.  The  programme  supports  circular  economy,  plastic  waste  reduction,  waste 
management, decarbonisation, renewable energy and green skills enhancement. This initiative will 
promote  sustainable  practices  and  contribute  to  the  reduction  of  waste,  while  providing  the 

86 

 
 
population with better job opportunities and improving their overall standard of living. Similarly, the 
Commission  also  decided  to  provide  additional  funds  for  the Climate  Investors 2  project, with  the 
aim  of  supporting 
improved  water  and  wastewater  management  and  waste-to-energy 
infrastructure. 

In Mongolia, progress continued on sustainable energy in 2024. In October, the EU grant agreement 
for  the Choir-Sainshand  Energy  Transmission  Line  project  was  signed with  the Minister of  Finance, 
thus  paving  the  way  for  the  actual  start  of  the  construction  works  in  2025.  In  addition,  the 
Ulaanbaatar  Solid  Waste  Modernisation  blending  project  achieved  a  key  milestone  with  the 
inauguration of the new solid waste plant, a significant step towards the sustainable management of 
urban  solid  waste.  Finally,  climate  change  remains  at  the  heart  of  the  Forest  Partnership,  which 
entered  a  new  stage  with  the  official  launch  of  the  Sustainable  Ecosystem  and  Agriculture 
Management project (STREAM project phase 2 worth EUR13.8 million). This Global Gateway flagship 
project is implemented together with GIZ and the FAO. 

The Council Conclusions of June 2023 reiterated the importance of cooperating with China on global 
challenges  and  of  promoting  EU  interests.  In  the  field  of  climate  and  building  on  the  EU-China 
dialogue  initiated  in  2014,  in  2024,  the  EU  adopted  a  new  action  supporting  international  climate 
goals by facilitating the exchange of expertise between EU and China and sharing EU best practices in 
emissions trading. It will support monitoring, reporting, and verification in the world’s largest carbon 
market,  which  is  critical  to  improving  the  efficacy  of  China’s  ETS  in  reducing  greenhouse  gas 
emissions. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

The  European  Commission  is  working  to  promote  sustainable  growth  and  jobs  in  the  region  by 
supporting the development of key sectors such as energy, trade and agriculture. 

In 2024, through the Asia Pacific Investment Facility, the Commission deployed EUR 239 million in 
‘blending’  funds  to mobilise  private  and  public  finance  for  investment  in  Asia and  the Pacific. This 
contribution  leverages  over  EUR 3 billion  in  additional  finance,  with  projects  benefiting  countries 
across Central Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia and the Pacific, contributing to sustainable growth 
and  jobs.  Investments  supported  by  the  Facility  contribute  to  the  Global  Gateway  flagships  in  the 
region,  such  as  the  Just  Energy  Transition  Partnerships  in  Indonesia  and  Vietnam.  The  Asia  Pacific 
Investment  Facility  helped  to  scale  up  the  projects  of  Team Europe  members  such  as  the  EIB, the 
Dutch Entrepreneurial Development Bank (FMO), AFD and the EBRD. 

The EU’s agenda on sustainable connectivity is a top priority of the EU’s external action globally and 
in South-East Asia. This is reaffirmed at regional level through the TEI on ‘Sustainable Connectivity 
for  ASEAN  and  South-East  Asia’,  which  several  EU  Member  States  and  the  EIB  launched  in 
December 2022. 

In  2024,  several  projects  under  the  ‘EU-funded  Sustainable  Connectivity  Package  (SCOPE)’  TEI 
became operational, such as: 

• 

• 

• 

the  ‘SCOPE  Civil  Aviation  Partnership’  project,  worth  EUR 7 million,  which  supports  the 
implementation of the Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement (CATA); 
the  ‘SCOPE  Intellectual  Property  Rights’  project,  contributing  EUR 3 million  to  promote 
harmonisation and convergence of practices; 
the ‘SCOPE Higher Education’ project, worth EUR 9 million, which aims to enhance people-
to-people connectivity; and 

87 

 
 
• 

the ‘SCOPE Trade’ support initiative, worth EUR 20 million. 

In  Cambodia,  the  Commission  signed  four  key  financing  agreements  to  implement  new  EU 
programmes  focused  on  sustainable  agriculture  value  chains,  sustainable  energy  practices  in 
industry,  technical  education  and  trade.  These  agreements  reflect  a  shared  commitment  between 
the  EU  and  Cambodia  to  accelerate  trade,  boost  economic  growth  and  maximise  the  benefits  of 
ASEAN  integration,  while  also  promoting  sustainable  development  and  reducing  the  country’s 
carbon footprint. 

In Myanmar, the Commission implemented the EUR 20 million ‘Support to Education and Vocational 
Training’  project,  which  aims  to  improve  access  to  quality  education  and  vocational  training  for 
young people, particularly in rural areas. This initiative is expected to have a positive impact on the 
lives  of  young  people  in  Myanmar,  by  providing  them  with  better  access  to  education  and  job 
opportunities. 

In Bangladesh, the ‘Skills 21’ project implemented by the ILO was extended for three years to align 
training with EU needs, improve needs assessments, and support skills recognition. In July 2024, it 
also  helped  launch  the  Talent  Partnership  models  to  boost  skills  mobility  and  EU-Bangladesh 
cooperation. Furthermore, the  Decent Work  TEI launched a joint  four-year programme,  co-funded 
by  the  EU,  Denmark,  the  Netherlands  and  Sweden.  This  programme  focuses  on  advancing  decent 
work,  promoting  job  creation  and  labour  rights,  and  aligning  with  the  EU’s  support  for  labour 
reforms in Bangladesh. 

The  regional  SWITCH-Asia  programme  has  made  significant  progress  in  promoting  sustainable 
consumption  and  production  (SCP)  across  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  contributing  to  environmental 
protection,  reduction  of  greenhouse  gas  emissions  and  climate  change  mitigation.  The  South-East 
Asia  region  continued  to  be  a  primary  focus  of  engagement  for  the  programme,  driven  by  active 
interest  and  mediation  from  national  focal  points  (NFPs)  and  requests  originating  from  regional 
organisations. Engagement with three ASEAN countries on green public procurement (GPP) technical 
assistance helped to elevate GPP practices and implement the ASEAN SCP Framework. Support was 
also provided in organising the 12th ASEAN Plus-Three Leadership Programme on SCP and Circular 
Economy in  Laos. With a view  to boosting business commitment  to the  circular economy, over 75 
business  cases  were  developed  for  circular  economy  and  engagements,  including  with  national 
membership  business  associations  under  the  ASEAN  Circular  Economy  Business  Alliance  (ACEBA) 
Technical Assistance. The second stage of the ACEBA Technical Assistance is ongoing, with stronger 
commitments from business associations in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand. The objective 
is to develop new communication strategies to enhance outreach and engagement. The programme 
policy support component further supported the EU-ASEAN Circular Economy Platform, coordinated 
by the ASEAN Centre for Sustainable Development Studies and Dialogue (ACSDSD), and developing 
support for operationalisation of the ASEAN SCP Framework. 

Activities in South Asia focused on bolstering NDCs through SCP actions across five countries through 
the  second  stage  of  the  technical  assistance.  Bangladesh  is  a  part  of  the  technical  assistance  on 
Circular  Economy  in  the  building  and  construction  sector  and  Pakistan  is  preparing  to  join  the 
technical assistance focusing on factors for enhancing extended producer responsibility (EPR) across 
Asia. 

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Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

The  European  Commission  is  committed  to  promoting  digitalisation,  science,  technology,  and 
innovation in the region, and in 2024, several initiatives were launched to support the development 
of these sectors. 

In Indonesia, the Commission launched the EUR 10 million ‘Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship’ 
project,  which aims to support  the  development  of digital innovation and entrepreneurship in the 
country,  particularly  among  SMEs.  This  initiative  is  expected  to  support  the  development  of  the 
digital  economy,  promoting  e-commerce,  and  improving  access  to  digital  services,  particularly  in 
rural areas, and to provide businesses with better access to funding and resources. 

In  the  Philippines,  the  Commission  inaugurated  the  Copernicus  Data  Centre,  under  the  first  Earth 
observation programme for climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction in South-East Asia. 
This  Global  Gateway  flagship  initiative  is  expected  to  have  a  positive  impact  on  disaster  risk 
preparedness  and  the  environment,  by  promoting  the  use  of  Earth  observation  services  and 
technology  to  mitigate  the  effects  of  climate  change,  while  also  improving  the  lives  of  people  by 
providing  them  with  better  access  to  information  and  services.  Building  on  the  Copernicus 
programme,  the  Commission  also  adopted  the  Digital  Economy  Package  with  the  objective  of 
supporting  improvements  to  digital  infrastructure  in  the  country,  the  development  of  secure 
networks, and better access to digital services, particularly in remote areas. 

To  enhance  understanding  of  developments  in  China  in  a  rapidly  evolving  digital  landscape 
(including on artificial intelligence, semiconductors, 5G networks and cybersecurity), in 2024 the EU 
launched  an  action  on  ‘European  Perspectives  on  Digital  China’.  It  aims  to  establish  a  network  of 
European experts to conduct in-depth analyses of China’s digital policies and investments to inform 
the EU’s policy decision-making and enhance competitiveness. 

Migration and forced displacement 

The  European  Commission  is  working  to  address  the  challenges  of  migration  and  forced 
displacement  in  the  region  by  supporting  the  development  of  safe  and  sustainable  migration 
pathways. 

Regarding  the  Afghan  displacement  situation,  a  new  regional  programme  has  been  adopted  to 
support  durable  solutions  for  displaced  and  returning  Afghans  and  their  host  communities  in 
neighbouring  countries.  The  programme,  implemented  by  UNHCR,  aims  to  ensure  that  durable 
solutions  are  achieved  for  Afghan  refugees  in  Iran,  Pakistan  and  Central  Asia,  as  well  as  for 
internally displaced people in Afghanistan. 

During  the  second  half  of  2024,  implementation  began  of  the  Rohingya  Resilience  Programme  in 
Bangladesh, which aims at protection and empowerment of Rohingya refugees in the camps as well 
as  of  host  communities  in  Cox’s  Bazar.  The  programme  will  also  improve  food  security  and 
livelihoods of vulnerable households. 

To support legal migration, talent partnerships were rolled out in Bangladesh and Pakistan, aiming 
at providing opportunities for skilled labour to migrate to participating EU Member States, for work 
in  selected  sectors.  In  South-East  Asia,  the  Commission  implemented  the  EU-ILO  Ship  to  Shore 
Rights programme, which promotes fair and sustainable employment in the fishing industries, and 
allows  the  EU  to  work  and  strengthen  relationships  with  a  variety  of  stakeholders  to  improve 
working  and  living  conditions  for  migrant  workers.  This  initiative  is  expected  to  have  a  positive 

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impact on the lives of migrant workers in the region, by promoting fair and sustainable employment 
practices, and improving their overall standard of living. 

In  Thailand  and  Malaysia,  the  Commission  supported  implementation  of  the  regional  Migration, 
Business, and Human Rights (MBHR) project, implemented by IOM and co-funded by Sweden, which 
aims to achieve stronger coherence on labour migration governance and promotes regular migration 
pathways. The project results include improved conditions for targeted labour migrants. 

Governance, peace and security 

The European Commission is committed to promoting good governance, peace and security in the 
region, and in 2024, several initiatives were launched to support the development of these sectors. 

At the regional level, the Commission strengthened its  partnership with  ASEAN, aiming to deepen 
and elevate relations to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership. This initiative is expected 
to  promote  peace  and  stability  in  the  region,  by  strengthening  the  EU’s  relationships  with  ASEAN 
member states, and promoting cooperation on key issues such as trade, security and human rights. 
A new regional project that started operations in 2024 is the Global Ports Safety Project which has 
contributed to improving safety at ports across the region. The project provided training on the topic 
of  ‘Gases  and  Flammable  Liquids  –  Industrial  Risks’  for  fire  officers  and  university  professors  in 
Vietnam, and assessed ports in Thailand and the Philippines. 

In  Myanmar,  the  Commission  worked  to  promote  democracy  and  human  rights,  supporting  the 
implementation of programmes aimed at promoting the rule of law and improving access to justice 
and human rights. 

In  the  Philippines,  through  a  variety  of  programmes,  the  Commission  supported  peace  and 
including 
reconciliation 
improvement of resilience and livelihoods of the most vulnerable local populations. 

in  Mindanao,  social  cohesion  and  socio-economic  development, 

In  Bangladesh,  the  Commission  signed  contracts  for  e-governance  and  gender-based  violence 
projects.  The  EUR 10 million  e-governance  project,  launched  in  November  2024,  aims  to  improve 
public  service  delivery  through  enhanced  digital  infrastructure.  Two  actions  of  EUR 5 million  each 
will  aim  to  strengthen  protection  against  sexual  and  gender-based  violence  in  workplaces, 
educational  institutions,  schools  and  public  transportation.  Political  changes  in  Bangladesh  have 
made public  finance management  (PFM) reforms a top priority. The  Commission provided support 
for  digitising  tax  processes,  improving  transfer-pricing,  launching  a  tax  awareness  campaign,  and 
enhancing audit systems. It also helped strengthen key institutions and fostered collaboration with 
think tanks and CSOs to increase public finance accountability, contributing to the White Paper on 
the  State  of  the  Bangladesh  Economy.  The  Commission  also  confirmed  the  provision  of  the 
EUR 35 million 2024 tranche to address the Rohingya crisis. Decided on in 2023, the tranche focuses 
on protection, education and livelihoods in Cox’s Bazar. The initiative, in collaboration with UNHCR, 
WFP, and the World Bank, will be supported by a BRAC(89) pilot project to improve the humanitarian 
response, set to start in early 2025. 

In 2024, the Commission supported India’s civil society with EUR 5.3 million for six ongoing projects 
focused  on  human  rights,  gender-based  violence,  tribal  rights  and  access  to  justice.  Two  new 
projects,  totalling  EUR 1.69 million,  were  contracted  to  address  business  and  human  rights,  and 
forced labour in the mica and shrimp industries,  starting in 2025. Additionally, three multi-country 

89 BRAC is an international development organisation founded in Bangladesh. 

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projects were contracted, covering the death penalty, freedom of religion and human rights in digital 
technologies.  Furthermore,  seven  new  projects  to  support  Indian  CSOs  were  signed,  creating  a 
portfolio  of  25 CSO  projects.  Six  of  the  projects  signed  in  December  2024  align  with  the  EU-India 
Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy (RE-CE) Partnership focusing on textiles, handicrafts, and 
livelihoods for women, girls and vulnerable communities. Finally, two new projects were contracted 
through the SWITCH-Asia instrument, focusing on textiles and sustainable practices, aligned with the 
RE-CE partnership. A total of EUR 12.2 million was allocated to new CSO and SWITCH-Asia projects. 

Food security and nutrition 

The  European  Commission  is  working  to  promote  food  security  and  nutrition  in  the  region  by 
supporting the development of sustainable agriculture practices and improving access to nutritious 
food. 

In  Indonesia,  the  Commission  launched  a  programme  to  support  implementation  of  the  national 
food  security  strategy,  aiming  to  improve  access  to  nutritious  food,  particularly  for  vulnerable 
populations, including women and children. 

Case study 

Amongst the key initiatives launched by the European Commission in 2024 was the EUR 46.6 million 
project ‘Post-Flood Rural Economic Recovery of Green Productive Assets in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 
(KP)’ (PEACE II), implemented in partnership with the Pakistani government and other stakeholders. 

The project is part of the Global Gateway flagship initiative ‘Climate-resilient infrastructure and TVET 
centres’  and  provides  the  most  vulnerable  and  remote  mountainous  communities  in  KP  with 
renewable  energy  (micro-hydropower  stations  managed  by  the  communities)  and  water  for 
irrigation through sustainable water resource management. The project also supports the targeted 
communities  by  leveraging  the  availability  of  energy  in  communities  for  small  and  medium-sized 
enterprises  and  socio-economic  development,  and  promotes  sustainable  agriculture  practices, 
particularly  among  smallholder  farmers.  By  rehabilitating  some  of  the  micro  hydro  power  plants 
affected by the 2022 floods, the project is also part of the EU’s and Team Europe’s flood response in 
Pakistan. 

This  initiative  is  a  prime  example  of  how  the  Commission  is  working  to  implement  the  Global 
Gateway  strategy,  by  promoting  sustainable  and  inclusive  growth,  and  enhancing  the  EU’s 
partnerships with countries in the region. 

4.2.1.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

In Afghanistan, the humanitarian situation is dire, with 22.9 million people in need of humanitarian 
assistance  and  close  to  15  million  people,  one  third  of  the  population,  experiencing  high  levels  of 
acute food insecurity. The Taliban’s repressive policies, disproportionally affecting women and girls, 
continue  to  hamper  the  activities  of  humanitarian  organisations  in  the  country.  Despite  the 
challenging  environment,  humanitarian  actors  have  been  able  to  deliver  humanitarian  aid  with 
meaningful participation by women. In 2024 the Commission mobilised EUR 161 million in life-saving 
assistance and funded Humanitarian Air Bridge (HAB) flights, delivering 390 tonnes of medical relief 
items to support humanitarian organisations in the country. 

The  Afghanistan  crisis  is  also  affecting  neighbouring  countries.  Pakistan  is  hosting  an  estimated 
3.1 million  Afghans  of  various  statuses.  Following  the  Pakistani  government’s  decision  to  start 

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returning  foreigners  without  valid  documents  as  of  1 November  2023,  more  than  800 000 Afghan 
nationals have returned to Afghanistan. Pakistan also faces a multidimensional crisis, with a political 
stalemate and a sharp rise in security and terrorist incidents aggravating the situation for 20 million 
people needing humanitarian aid and over 1.2 million displaced persons. The 2022 floods, followed 
by further monsoon shocks, severely impacted infrastructure and agriculture, worsening an already 
difficult economic situation. In 2024, the EU mobilised EUR 15.25 million in humanitarian funding for 
Pakistan  to  provide  healthcare  services,  nutrition,  education  in  emergencies  (EiE),  water  and 
sanitation facilities and legal protection support. 

In South-East Asia, the armed conflict in Myanmar increased in intensity, with some of the gravest 
IHL violations recorded globally. 20 million people in the country (almost 40% of the population) are 
in need of humanitarian assistance, of which 3.5 million are IDP’s. Due  to the wide-ranging needs, 
the  EU  funds  multiple  humanitarian  sectors,  including  food,  nutrition,  health,  WASH,  shelter, 
protection,  EiE  and  disaster  preparedness  activities, which  helps  the  population  build  resilience  to 
natural-hazard-induced  shocks.  Since  the  Tatmadaw  military  coup  in  2021,  tens  of  thousands  of 
people have fled Myanmar into neighbouring countries to seek refuge. This includes the Rohingya, 
who undertook risky sea journeys in large numbers. The EU has continued to respond to the regional 
implications  of  the  Rohingya  crisis  with  current  programmes,  including  provision  of  a  protection-
centred response, ensuring access to basic necessities and services. 

In Bangladesh, Cox’s Bazar is home to the world’s largest refugee camp, hosting almost a million aid-
dependent stateless Rohingya refugees. In 2024, the EU continued to respond with comprehensive 
multi-sectoral  assistance  in  the  refugee  camps  and  host  communities,  totalling  1.5 million  people. 
Additionally,  the  EU  also  strengthened  disaster  preparedness  against  fire  by  engaging  in  policy 
efforts demonstrating the relevance of scalable anticipatory action, promoting their replication into 
state-led safety net programmes.  

At regional level, the EU  responded to a growing number of climate  and nature-induced disasters, 
drawing EUR 12 million from the Emergency Toolbox to support people affected by natural hazards. 
To  promote  closer  cooperation  on  disaster  preparedness,  the  Commission  also  signed  an 
administrative  arrangement  with  the  ASEAN  Coordinating  Centre  for  Humanitarian  Assistance  on 
disaster management in October 2024. 

4.2.1.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

New EU crisis response actions financed by the rapid-response pillar were launched in Bangladesh 
and Myanmar. A humanitarian mine action was extended in Afghanistan. 

In Myanmar, a crisis response action aimed to enhance compliance with international humanitarian 
law among emerging armed actors and to improve the protection of vulnerable civilians, especially 
women, children and minorities. 

In  Bangladesh,  an  action  was  launched  to  empower  Rohingya  refugees  by  enhancing  their 
awareness  and  pursuit  of  legal  rights,  mitigating  tensions  through  international  justice  awareness, 
addressing  disinformation,  and  providing  gender-sensitive,  trauma-informed 
legal,  health, 
psychosocial and protection support. 

In Afghanistan, the EU continued to support the protection of the Afghan population, the prevention 
of  violence  towards  minorities  and  marginalised  groups  and  seek  opportunities  to  promote  social 
accountability  and  inclusive  dialogue.  The  EU  has  also  continued  its  humanitarian  mine  action 

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helping  to  clear  the  country  of  unexploded  ordnance  in order  to  improve  humanitarian assistance 
and mitigate risks for internally displaced people, returnees and marginalised communities. 

In  2024,  the  ‘Critical  Maritime  Routes  Indo-Pacific  II’  (CRIMARIO  II)  project  worked  on  enhancing 
maritime  security  cooperation  throughout  the  Indo-Pacific.  The  year  saw  a  marked  increase  in 
regional  exercises  employing  the  IORIS  information-sharing  platform,  enhancing  inter-agency 
cooperation, crisis management, and maritime security operations against many types of maritime 
threats. The use of IORIS notably expanded in Latin America for search-and-rescue incidents, and for 
coordinating  counter-narcotics  operations,  combating  Illegal,  unreported  and  unregulated  (IUU) 
fishing and enhancing port security. 

CRIMARIO supported partners as well as EU and EU Member States’ operations in connection with 
the  Red  Sea  crisis  and  the  resurgence  in  piracy,  for  example  by  enhancing  secure  real-time 
communication  between  military  units  and  merchant  vessels.  Additionally,  CRIMARIO  organised 
33 regional  maritime  exercises  in  2024.  These  efforts  demonstrate  the  operational  value  and 
effectiveness  of  IORIS  in  addressing  complex  maritime  security  challenges,  fostering  international 
cooperation and strengthening maritime governance at multiple levels. 

4.2.2.  Central Asia 

4.2.2.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

High-level  dialogue  and  cooperation  between  the  EU  and  Central  Asia  continued  to  intensify 
throughout 2024, demonstrating a solid commitment by the EU and all five Central Asian countries 
to strengthen and deepen country and regional relations. 

The  EU  Global  Gateway strategy  presents  a  strategic  opportunity  for  deeper  EU  engagement  with 
Central  Asian  countries,  leveraging  public  and  private  resources  for  meaningful  development  and 
impact.  In  January  2024,  the  ‘Global  Gateway  Investors  Forum  for  EU-Central  Asia  Transport 
Connectivity’ was successfully held in Brussels, mobilising EUR 10 billion in support and investment 
for Central Asia. This was followed, in October 2024, by the launch of the Coordination Platform for 
the Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor (TCTC), with former European Commissioner for International 
Partnerships,  Jutta  Urpilainen, 
in  Ashgabat,  Turkmenistan.  To  further  strengthen  transport 
connectivity between Europe and Central Asia, the EU and Kazakhstan initialled a Horizontal Aviation 
Agreement in October 2024 at the annual EU-Kazakhstan Cooperation Council. 

In  January  2024,  former  European  Commission  Vice-President,  Margaritis  Schinas,  visited  all  five 
Central Asian countries  as a testament  to the EU’s growing partnership with the  region. In August 
2024, former HRVP Josep Borrell paid a visit to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, demonstrating the EU’s 
continued strong engagement with its Central Asian partners. 

The EU continued to work on implementing the actions set out in five key priority areas identified in 
the  ‘Joint  Roadmap  for  Deepening  Ties  between  the  EU  and  Central  Asia’  (2023),  which 
complements the ‘EU Strategy for Central Asia’ (2019). The priorities were: inter-regional dialogue 
and  cooperation;  enhancing  economic  ties,  trade  and  investment;  engaging  on  connectivity  under 
the  Global  Gateway  and  the  European  Green  Deal;  addressing  common  security  challenges;  and 
strengthening people-to-people contacts. 

On  25 June  2024,  the  Enhanced  Partnership  and  Cooperation  Agreement  (EPCA)  between  the  EU 
and Kyrgyzstan was signed on the occasion of the  first official visit by the President of Kyrgyzstan, 
Sadyr  Japarov,  to  Brussels.  In  November  2024,  negotiations  on  an  EPCA  with  Tajikistan  were 

93 

 
 
successfully  finalised.  Progress  was  made  in  the  preparations  for  the  signing  of  the  EPCA  with 
Uzbekistan. 

During the year, the EU continued to discuss human rights in annual human rights dialogues with all 
Central Asian countries. The EU Special Representative for Human Rights, Olof Skoog, participated in 
the EU-Turkmenistan Human Rights Dialogue in Ashgabat in June 2024. 

The  EU  continued  to  address  the  impact  of  Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  and 
cooperated closely with Central Asian countries to address the challenge of sanctions circumvention. 

The  EU  and  Central  Asia  continued  to  strengthen  cooperation  and  dialogue  on  common  security 
challenges, including terrorism, extremism and radicalisation, illicit drug trafficking and trafficking in 
human beings, including at the EU-Central Asia High-Level Political and Security Dialogue which took 
place  in  Brussels  in  June  2024.  Cooperation  on  the  situation  in  Afghanistan  continued,  including 
through meetings of Special Envoys and Representatives for Afghanistan. 

4.2.2.2. Implementation 

The  European  Union  continued  to  pursue  the  objectives  of  the  2019  EU  Strategy  on  Central Asia, 
aimed at fostering resilience, prosperity and regional cooperation. 

Human development and inequalities 

In  2024,  the  European  Commission  implemented  a  range  of  projects  aimed  at  promoting  human 
development in the region. 

The  regional  programme  on  ‘Dialogue  and  Action  for  Resourceful  Youth  in  Central  Asia’  (DARYA, 
EUR 10 million), implemented by the European Training Foundation in 2022-2027, supports inclusive 
and  labour-market-relevant  skills  development  opportunities  for  young  people.  As  part  of  the 
programme,  national  and  regional  consultations  were  arranged,  to  map  the  current  policy 
environment and the needs of key stakeholders, and identify main gaps and opportunities. 

The  new  EUR 4.5 million  regional  programme,  EU  Civil  Society  Facility  for  Central  Asia,  started  in 
2024.  Its  overall  objective  is  to  foster  and  promote  a  conducive  and  well-functioning  operating 
environment for CSOs through regional engagement. 

In  the  health  sector,  the  EU  continued  to  support  Central  Asia’s  healthcare  systems  with  a 
EUR 10 million WHO-led programme to boost immunisation resilience, expand vaccinations (COVID-
19 and others), train healthcare workers, and enhance digital and surveillance systems for vaccine-
preventable  diseases. In  Tajikistan, the  EU-funded ‘Health Development Programme’  continued to 
deliver  major  achievements.  Overall,  the  EU  has  invested  over  EUR 60 million  in  improved  and 
strengthened health systems in Tajikistan over the last decade. 

In  Kyrgyzstan  and  in  Tajikistan,  the  EU  has  been  working  on  supporting  the  education  sector  via 
ongoing budget support programmes (EUR 32 million and EUR 30 million respectively) by enhancing 
school infrastructure and strengthening teachers’ capacities and skills. 

In Uzbekistan, as part of the 2024 AAP, a EUR 5 million programme was adopted covering women’s 
reproductive health and economic empowerment. 

Green Deal 

Significant progress was made in implementing the Water, Energy, and Climate Change TEI in 2024. 
The  EU  signed  three  new  regional  grant  projects  totalling  EUR 20 million.  This  includes  the  EU 

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contribution to the fourth phase of the Central Asia Water and Energy Programme (CAWEP), led by 
the World Bank, to foster long-term, sustainable solutions to water and energy challenges, including 
support for the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS). Additionally, two projects with GIZ 
were  launched  focused  on  regional  water  cooperation,  renewable  energy  and  the  setting-up  of  a 
secretariat for the TEI. 

The  regional  SWITCH-Asia  programme  has  made  significant  progress  in  promoting  sustainable 
consumption  and  production  (SCP)  across  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  contributing  to  environmental 
protection, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change mitigation. The Programme 
has  successfully  capitalised  on  earlier  achievements  by  SWITCH-Asia  grants  in  Central  Asia, 
leveraging their outcomes to advance policy development supporting circular practices in the tourist 
industry  (private  sector).  Technical  assistance  was  deployed  on  several  occasions  in  the  field  of 
circular  economy,  with  a  focus  on  the  construction  sector,  green  public  procurement  national 
determined  contributions  (NDCs)  and  enabling  effective  extended  producer  responsibility  (EPR) 
systems. 

The European Union has also been actively promoting the Green Deal through bilateral actions. 

In  Tajikistan,  the  new  EUR 19.88 million  grant  programme  ‘Green  transition  through  cotton  value 
chain’  was  signed,  and  its  implementation  will  start  in  2025.  Cotton  is  a  critical  sector  for  the 
country’s  sustainable  development  and 
jobs.  Additionally,  the  ongoing  EU-funded  Rural 
Development  Programme  (EUR 59 million)  continued  strengthening  local  communities  in  the 
country, with a focus on sustainable agricultural practices. 

In  Uzbekistan,  the  EU’s  support  for  green  transition  continued  with  the  signing  of  a  grant 
programme on rehabilitation of the Aral Sea area (EUR 8.8 million as part of EFSD+, to be combined 
with loans from EIB and AFD). 

In  Kyrgyzstan,  a  new  budget  support  programme  on  integrated  water  resource  management  was 
approved in 2024 (EUR 17 million) and a Resilient Water Programme was adopted (EUR 15 million, 
to  be  blended  with  an  EBRD  loan)  to  continue  improving  the  country’s  irrigation  infrastructure. 
Additionally,  the  EU  continued  supporting  sustainable  production  and  consumption  practices  with 
the Green Economy Programme (EUR 3 million). 

The  bilateral  Cooperation  Facility  established  by  the  EU  in  Turkmenistan  provided  GIZ  with  a 
EUR 4.5 million  cofinancing  contribution  for  implementation  of  the  ‘Green  Turkmenistan’  TEI.  The 
programme  supports  the  country  in  its  efforts  to  reduce  methane  emissions,  develop  renewable 
energies and increase energy efficiency, in line with its national climate strategy (2019). In 2025, the 
programme will propose advisory support for aligning Turkmenistan’s legislation with international 
and EU standards on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

Enhancing  transport  connectivity  between  the  EU  and  Central  Asia  is  important  for  sustainable 
growth  and  jobs.  The  Trans-Caspian  Transport  Corridor  (TCTC)  aims  to  establish  a  modern, 
competitive,  and  efficient  route  connecting  Europe  and  Asia  in  no  more  than  15  days,  while  also 
improving cooperation between Central Asian countries and boosting economic growth. Significant 
progress  was  made  in 2024  toward  developing  the TCTC,  including  the  investors  forum  in  January 
2024,  the  launch  of  the  TCTC  Coordination  Platform  in  October  2024,  and  the  adoption  of  a 
EUR 30 million regional transport programme. 

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Critical raw materials (CRMs) are another increasingly important cooperation area for Central Asia. 
The  implementation  of  the  regional  prosperity  programme  (EUR 15.4 million)  started  with  three 
components: trade facilitation; improvement of business/investment climate; and CRMs. In 2024, an 
additional  EUR 13 million  was  allocated  to  the  CRM  component  to  further  strengthen  local  value 
chains and explore investment opportunities across the region. 

In Uzbekistan, a EUR 11.78 million programme was adopted (2024 AAP), covering territorial planning 
jobs  through  women’s  economic 
and  urban  development  and  sustainable  growth  and 
empowerment. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

Preparations  for  the  regional  TEI  on  digital  connectivity  were  completed  in  2024,  with  the 
contracting  of  both  components:  a  technical  assistance  programme  for  soft  connectivity  and 
enabling environment (EUR 20 million), and a blending programme to construct satellite connectivity 
infrastructure  (EUR 35 million,  to  be  blended  with  an  EIB  loan).  This  initiative  aims  to  create  an 
enabling  environment  for  regulatory  and  legislative  reforms,  last-mile  access  and  cybersecurity.  It 
also  sets  the  stage  for  satellite  infrastructure  investment,  enhancing  Central  Asia’s  autonomy  in 
internet connectivity. Implementation began in early 2025. 

In Uzbekistan, the EU continued to promote e-government services with the signing of the ‘Digital 
Uzbekistan’  project  (EUR 5 million).  In  Kyrgyzstan,  the  EU  budget  support  programme  on 
digitalisation is ongoing (EUR 21.7 million). 

Migration and forced displacement 

The European Union has been working to address migration and forced displacement in Central Asia, 
with  a  focus  on  supporting  the  region’s  efforts  to  manage  migration  and  protect  the  rights  of 
migrants, with a special focus on Afghan refugees. 

Regarding  the  Afghan  displacement  situation,  a  new  regional  programme  has  been  adopted  to 
support  durable  solutions  for  displaced  and  returning  Afghans  and  their  host  communities  in  the 
neighbouring  countries.  The  programme,  implemented  by  UNHCR,  aims  to  ensure  that  durable 
solutions are achieved for Afghan refugees in Iran, Pakistan and Central Asia, as well as for internally 
displaced people in Afghanistan. 

In  2024,  the  Turkmen  CSO,  Ynam,  started  implementation  of  an  EU-funded  project  called  ‘Stop 
Human  Trafficking’  in  Turkmenistan.  The  project  intends  to  raise  awareness  on  the  risks  and 
challenges posed by migration, explaining the rules of travelling to foreign countries and showcasing 
the risks presented by irregular migration and human trafficking. 

Governance, peace and security 

The  European  Union  continued  working  on  security  in  the  region,  mainly  through  two  security-
related programmes: the Border Management Programme in Central Asia (BOMCA) and the Central 
Asia Drug Action Programme (CADAP). These programmes have already achieved significant success 
in improving border management and addressing substance abuse, respectively. The next phases of 
these programmes were adopted at the end of 2024. BOMCA (EUR 12 million) will focus on security 
and  border  community  living  conditions,  while  CADAP  (EUR 18 million)  will  expand  to  include 
fighting drug trafficking, in addition to demand reduction efforts. 

Regular  dialogue  on  the  rule  of  law  and  human  rights  is  an  important  aspect  of  our  bilateral 
relations,  especially  in  trade  negotiations  (e.g.  in  the  Enhanced  Partnership  and  Cooperation 

96 

 
 
Agreement  and  the  Generalised  Scheme  of  Preferences),  as  well  as  in  implementing  the  budget 
support modality (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). Human rights, democracy and civil society 
are also supported through EU thematic programmes, via open calls for proposals. 

In Kyrgyzstan, the EU continued to support justice sector reform through improvement of probation 
services,  e-justice  and  gender-centred 
(‘Rule  of  Law  programme’, 
EUR 11.59 million). 

judiciary  processes 

In Uzbekistan,  implementation of the good governance  and anti-corruption programme  continued 
(EUR 8 million). 

Food security and nutrition 

In  Uzbekistan,  implementation of  a second  budget support operation  for  the agri-food  sector  and 
sustainable  livelihoods  started  in  2024  (EUR 27 million).  In  addition,  two  projects  are  ongoing  to 
support green economy reform and ensure food security practices in the country (EUR 10.2 million). 

Case study 

Global Gateway flagship project on regional digital connectivity in Central Asia 

– focus on Kyrgyzstan 

In Kyrgyzstan, a landlocked lower-middle-income country that has made digital transformation one 
of the top priorities in its development strategy, the EU has built a holistic approach covering several 
sectors. This is based on a core Global Gateway flagship project with both hard and soft connectivity 
components. 

The  hard  connectivity  component  concerns  the  construction  of  ground  infrastructure  for  satellite 
connectivity,  which  is  funded  through  EFSD+  including  a  corporate  loan  from  the  EIB  to  an  EU 
satellite  operator.  This  is  complemented  by  ‘soft’  elements  both  at  regional  and  bilateral  levels, 
where digital connectivity is used as an entry point to prompt a more general digital transformation 
in  sectors  including  e-governance,  digital  skills  development,  improvements  in  personal  data 
protection, and cybersecurity. 

The complementarity of bilateral and regional levels of action has been indispensable in achieving 
this  comprehensive  vision,  with  an  efficient  use  of  funds  for  the  same  goals.  There  is  a  focus  on 
better  and  more  inclusive  access  to  the  internet  (services  to  the  ‘last  mile’)  for  groups  living  in 
vulnerable  situations  and  rural  communities,  reduction  of  inequalities  and  ultimately  increased 
employability  for  the  workforce,  both  men  and  women.  The  gender  dimension  has  been 
incorporated to increase women’s access of women to ICT policy making, and to make systems more 
gender-responsive. 

This flagship project in Kyrgyzstan is further strengthened by the mainstreaming of digitalisation into 
ongoing  programmes  in  several  sectors  such  as  education,  health,  energy  and  rule  of  law.  In 
particular, the Commission is preparing a new action on rule of law with a focus on digitalisation, as 
a tool for supporting transparency and the fight against corruption. 

4.2.2.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

The more tangible effects of climate change (erratic rain patterns, extreme temperatures), combined 
with the region’s proneness to threats, whether of natural origin or human-induced, make Central 
Asia highly vulnerable to disasters. In 2024, the EU allocated around EUR 2 million for Kyrgyzstan and 

97 

 
 
Tajikistan  under  the  Pilot  Programmatic  Partnership  (PPP)  implemented  by  the  International 
Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), and EUR 500 000 from its disaster preparedness budget heading 
to  support  evidence-based  disaster  and  emergency  preparedness.  The  EU  also  contributed 
EUR 200 000 to a Disaster Response Emergency Fund (DREF) operation in Kazakhstan in response to 
floods. 

4.2.2.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

Actions carried out under the crisis response component of the rapid-response pillar of NDICI-Global 
Europe supported work with Central Asian partners in the fields of stability, social cohesion, border 
security and cross-border dialogue,  directly implementing the priorities set in the  new  EU strategy 
on Central Asia. 

A crisis response action supports capacities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to 
reintegrate  citizens  returned  from  conflict  zones,  primarily  from  Iraq  and  Syria,  and  to  hold 
perpetrators  of  international  crimes  to  account.  In  addition,  a  crisis  response  action  is  being 
implemented to strengthen the capacities of the Tajik border troops to stabilise Tajikistan’s southern 
border  region  with  Afghanistan  in  a  conflict-sensitive  manner.  A  second  action  aims  to  increase 
community resilience and stability in concerned Kyrgyz/Tajik border areas by strengthening national 
emergency response capacity and improving access to shared community assets. 

The  EU  Special  Representative  for  Central  Asia  continued  to  promote  good  and  close  relations 
between the EU and the countries of Central Asia on the basis of common values and interests and 
contribute  to  strengthening  democracy,  the  rule  of  law,  good  governance  and  respect  for  human 
rights and fundamental freedoms in Central Asia. 

4.2.3.  Middle East/Gulf region 

4.2.3.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

EU  cooperation  with  Gulf  countries  has  developed  significantly  in  recent  years  following  the 
adoption  of  the  Joint  Communication  ‘A  Strategic  Partnership  with  the  Gulf’,  in  May  2022(90).  The 
Gulf region encompasses the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Bahrein, Kuwait, Oman, 
Qatar,  Saudi  Arabia  and  United  Arab  Emirates)  as  well  as  Yemen  and  Iraq.  As  high-income  states, 
Gulf  Cooperation  Council  (GCC)  countries  are  committed  to  pursuing  the  social  and  economic 
transformation  of  the  region,  investing  in  transcontinental  transport  corridors  and  advancing 
stronger regional integration through dialogue and cooperation within the GCC. 

The  first-ever  EU-GCC  Summit  on  16 October  underlined  the  joint  interest  in  a strategic  trade  and 
investment  partnership,  an  enhanced  business  and  investment  environment,  cooperation  on  the 
green and digital transitions, sustainable energy, connectivity, emerging technologies, human rights, 
and advancing on sectoral cooperation to deliver enhanced economic integration and diversification. 

In  2024,  contacts  with  GCC  countries  focused  on  preparing  for  the  next  steps  in  bilateral 
cooperation, namely setting the parameters for strategic partnership agreements with each of the 
GCC countries based on commonly identified priorities for cooperation. EU and GCC countries also 
remain  committed  to  pursuing  both  the  regional  and  bilateral  paths  for  advanced  free  trade 
agreements  with  interested  countries.  For  example,  progress  was  made  in  discussions  on  a  Free 
Trade  Agreement  (FTA)  with  the  United  Arab  Emirates,  while  dialogue  resumed  on  the  topic  of  a 

90 JOIN(2022) 13 final, 18 May 2022. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/joint-communication-%E2%80%9Cstrategic-
partnership-gulf%E2%80%9D_en 

98 

 
 
 
possible  regional  FTA.  The  EU  opened  the  first  ever  European  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  the 
Middle East and North Africa region, in Riyadh. 

In  addition,  the  EU-GCC  Outreach  Facility,  funded  by  the  Commission’s  Service  for  Foreign  Policy 
Instruments  (FPI),  focused  on  enhancing  people-to-people  contacts,  young  people’s  and  women’s 
empowerment  in  Gulf  countries,  and  promoting  EU  visibility  in  the  region  in  addition  to  the  EU 
sustained political engagement and regular human rights dialogues. 

Cooperation on transport and energy/digital corridors remain a major priority, in particular the India 
Middle East Economic Corridor, the Trans-Caspian Road and the Development Road. Full use should 
be made of Global Gateway opportunities. 

Yemen  remains  the  most  fragile  country  in  the  region,  prone  to  instability  and  affected  by  the 
economic  warfare  between  the  North  and  the  South.  In  2024  Yemen  benefited  from  an  annual 
allocation focused on building resilience, saving lives and supporting economic recovery. In addition, 
the EU provided support for the peace process led by the UN Special Envoy,  Track II diplomacy(91), 
governance in the South and the continuation of projects aiming to enhance maritime security in the 
Red Sea. 

However,  the  space  for  action  has  been  severely  reduced  by  the  detention  of  more  than  100 
humanitarian aid and international organisation staff by the Houthis. 

The  EU’s  engagement  in  Iraq  has  gradually  moved  from  a  post-conflict  recovery  approach  to  a 
job  creation  and  economic  diversification,  human 
development  phase,  focused  on  green 
development  and  social  contract,  and  digital  and  participatory  governance  and  democracy. 
Additionally, the  EU  remains  engaged  in  supporting  Iraqi  authorities  in the  fields  of migration  and 
forced displacement. The return and readmission of Iraqis from Europe also remains a key priority. 
As the country remains politically and economically fragile and heavily reliant on oil exports, the EU 
continued  to  focus  on  support  for  economic  reforms;  all  EU-Iraq  subcommittees  (development, 
human rights, trade and energy) have met in preparation for 2025 EU-Iraq Partnership Cooperation 
Council. The agreement with the EBRD making Iraq a country of operation paved the way for future 
investment while agreement with EIB is still pending. 

4.2.3.2. Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

In summer 2024, the EU started a project to improve access and awareness to healthcare services 
among  drug  users  and  vulnerable  women  in  Iran.  It  aims  to  increase  access  to  sexual  and 
reproductive  health  services  for  1 700  female  drug  users,  vulnerable  women,  and  their  sexual 
partners,  helping  to  reduce  the  spread  of  infectious  diseases  and  sexually  transmitted  diseases 
through mobile clinics in difficult-to-reach areas. 

In 2024 the EU also launched a new project strengthening the capacity of CSOs in  Iran to improve 
education  for  Afghan  women  and  girls.  The  project  trains  CSO  staff  and  provides  learning 
opportunities for 2 000 Afghan children out of school. 

In  2024,  the  EU’s  support  for  human  development  in  Yemen  focused  on  increasing  community 
resilience  by  improving  access  to  essential  services.  The  Joint  Programme  ‘Supporting  Resilient 

91 Unofficial dialogue and problem-solving activities aimed at building relationships and encouraging new thinking that can 
inform the official process. 

99 

 
 
 
Livelihoods,  Food  Security,  and  Climate  Adaptation  in  Yemen’  (ERRY  III)  is  a  significant  EU-  and 
Sweden-funded  initiative,  worth  EUR 54.7 million,  aimed  at  strengthening  resilience  in  vulnerable 
communities in Yemen. The Programme is due to end in the first quarter of 2025. In 2024, the ERRY 
III  initiative  allowed  the  Commission  to  foster  community  empowerment  by  creating  jobs  and 
promoting  sustainable  practices.  ‘Strengthening  Institutional  and  Economic  Resilience  in  Yemen’ 
(SIERY) is a EUR 69.8 million EU-funded project aimed at bolstering local governance and economic 
resilience.  In  2024,  the  SIERY  project  enabled  local  authorities  to  implement  district  resilience  & 
recovery plans, benefiting over six million Yemenis by enhancing public services and infrastructure. 

The  EU’s  programmes  in  Iraq  continued  to  support  policy  reform  and  system  enhancement  in 
various sectors, tackle root causes of fragility, including education, TVET and social protection, which 
also benefits all vulnerable populations, including IDPs, refugees and returnees. 

Green Deal 

The EU bolstered its  commitment to programmes  in  Iraq  that focus on climate change  adaptation 
and  mitigation,  and  the  transition  to  a  low-carbon economy.  Through  technical  assistance,  the  EU 
has  facilitated  Iraq’s  advances,  for example,  in  climate-resilient  agriculture,  climate-adapted  urban 
reconstruction,  sustainable  water  systems,  energy  transition  and  the  promotion  of  green  finance 
and  private-sector  development.  Training  programmes  were  delivered  to  micro-,  small,  and 
medium-sized  enterprises  and  government  entities,  ensuring  long-term  benefits.  In  2024,  a  new 
technical  assistance  initiative  was  launched  to  assist  the  Ministry  of  Electricity  in  reforming  the 
electricity  sub-sector  and  improving  its  investment  climate.  This  initiative  focuses  on  critical  areas 
such  as  renewable  energy  development,  tariff  restructuring  for  better  financial  management,  and 
reducing non-technical losses in the energy system. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

On 7 May 2024, in Kuwait City, the EU co-chaired an EU-Arab Coordination Group (ACG) meeting on 
transport corridors in the Middle East and Central Asia. The purpose of this meeting was to explore 
opportunities for parallel financing of Global Gateway projects with Gulf donors and members of the 
ACG, and promote investment in areas of common interest. 

In 2024, the EU launched a comprehensive USD 13.4 million package to benefit Yemen’s economic 
resilience  through  targeted  capacity  building  and  private-sector  support.  Building  on  the  previous 
achievements of the EU-OECD project, a second phase was launched to further support the Yemeni 
government’s  economic  institutions  in  addressing  their  policy  priorities.  Furthermore,  an  EU-
International  Finance  Corporation  (IFC)  trust  fund  was  established  to  advance  private-sector 
development  over  the  next  five  years,  with  a  focus  on  agribusiness,  health,  manufacturing  and 
renewable energy. 

Through its flagship SIERY project, the EU delivered training in business and technical skills to over 
3 000  beneficiaries  and  provided  grants  to  2 023  smallholders  and  SMEs.  It  also  initiated  the 
construction  of  five  new  markets  to  boost  economic  activity.  Additionally,  the  Support  Youth 
Entrepreneurship  and  Financial  Inclusion  (phase  2)  project  created  over  6 000  job  opportunities 
through  1 500  micro-grants.  The  WATHBA  project  further  scaled  up  entrepreneurial  ecosystems, 
with a focus on youth and innovative start-ups, supporting sustainable growth and employment in 
Yemen. 

To  improve  the  overall  investment  climate  in  Iraq,  in  2024  the  EU  and Team Europe  continued  to 
focus  on  economic  governance,  public  finance  management,  the  banking  sector  and  financial 

100 

 
 
inclusion. A technical assistance programme with the EBRD signed at the end of 2024 will build on 
these achievements by identifying opportunities for Team Europe to promote investment in Iraq, to 
further enhance job creation and sustainable growth. 

Migration and forced displacement 

In December 2024, the EU launched two projects supporting Afghans and host communities in  Iran 
with a total value of EUR 12 million. These are part of the regional TEI which includes actions aimed 
at Afghan refugees in the region (Afghanistan, Central Asia, Iran and Pakistan). The projects increase 
access  to  essential  services,  improve  protection  and  respect  for  refugees’  rights,  and  support 
economic self-reliance and food security for refugees, with a focus on the most vulnerable. Further, 
they improve the well-being of Afghan children and their families in Iran by addressing barriers and 
facilitate access  for Afghan children to key services in the fields of health and nutrition, education 
and  employability,  and  child  protection,  while  strengthening  the  continued  provision  of  quality 
services for all children, regardless of nationality. 

The  EU  launched  two  new  contracts  in  support  of  IDPs  in  Yemen,  worth  USD 10.7 million.  These 
focus  on  enhancing  food  security  and  resilience  for  vulnerable  communities,  including  women, 
young  people,  persons  with  disabilities  and  displaced  populations,  within  the  context  of  climate 
change. 

In 2024, EU-Iraq cooperation on migration continued to be a key strategic area. The EU reinforced its 
partnership  on  migration  with  the  Iraqi  authorities,  supporting  Iraq  in  creating  the  framework 
conditions  for  all  IDPs, refugees  and  returnees  to  thrive  in  a more  prosperous,  shock-resilient  and 
democratic  Iraq.  EU  programmes  supported  core  structural  socio-economic  and  governance 
reforms, while responding to the root causes of migration. 

Governance, peace and security 

The EU continued to be instrumental in advancing peace and security in  Yemen by supporting the 
UN-led political process and facilitating Track II dialogues. The EU’s support for the UN Special Envoy 
for  Yemen’s  office  (OSESGY)  led  to  significant  local  breakthroughs  such  as  the  reopening  of  water 
pumps in Taiz City. 

Food security and nutrition 

In  Yemen,  the  EU  continued  to  provide  integrated  climate-resilient  support  for  food  security  and 
livelihoods. USD 4.3 million were disbursed to enhance food security for vulnerable populations, and 
8 125 households  benefited  from  seed  distribution  as  part  of  the  EU’s  support  for  sustainable 
agriculture. 

Case study 

In  2024,  in  Iraq,  the  EU  provided  support  for  the  flagship  project  ‘Reviving  Mosul  and  Basra  Old 
Cities’, contributing to economic recovery and social cohesion.  

Key achievements: 

The  project  outperformed  most  of  its  key  targets,  such  as  creating  2 076  jobs,  rehabilitating  and 
renovating  36 historic  houses  and  supporting  more  than  192 firms.  This  provided  sustainable 
livelihoods for the population and provided much needed support for the cultural sector. 

101 

 
 
4.2.3.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

After  11  years  of  conflict,  Yemen  remains  one  of  the  world’s  worst  humanitarian  crises,  with  its 
population  suffering  from  acute  food  insecurity  and  malnutrition,  recurrent  epidemic  outbreaks, 
displacement,  and  other  severe  protection  concerns.  Among  the  countries  of  the  world,  Yemen  is 
the third most vulnerable to climate change and least prepared to deal with climate shocks. In 2024, 
the  EU  allocated  EUR 125 million  in  humanitarian  aid  to  support  the  most  vulnerable  and 
disadvantaged  communities  in  frontline  governorates,  hard-to-reach  areas,  and  displacement  sites 
across  Yemen.  The  UCPM  was  activated  twice  to  provide  environmental  support  following  the 
shipwreck  of  the  Rubymar  vessel.  In  addition,  through  the  European  Humanitarian  Response 
Capacity,  the  EU  organised  36  Humanitarian  Air  Bridge  flights  to  contain  the  cholera  outbreak  in 
northern  and  southern  Yemen.  A  total  of  516 tonnes  were  transported,  including  medical  and 
pharmaceutical material as well as WASH items. 

Iran hosts more refugees than any other country in the  world. It hosts  up to 6 million Afghans, of 
whom 3.8 million are recognised by UNHCR as refugee/refugee-like. Due to the ongoing economic 
crisis,  limited  livelihood  opportunities  and  restricted  access  to  employment,  vulnerable  displaced 
Afghans and Iranians alike struggle more and more to meet their basic needs. Iran is also one of the 
most  disaster-prone  countries  worldwide  with  frequent  earthquakes,  droughts,  floods  and 
landslides. In 2024, the EU allocated almost EUR 12.5 million in humanitarian assistance to support 
the most vulnerable in Iran with healthcare, nutrition, education, protection, and basic necessities. 

Given the protracted nature of most humanitarian crises, in 2024, the Commission pursued actions 
in the humanitarian-development-peace nexus. The nexus is aimed at improving and strengthening 
the link between humanitarian and development aid and, where relevant, peace actions in order to 
better connect urgent relief and longer-term solutions and jointly address the causes of fragility and 
seek durable solutions for affected populations. This has led to more efficient responses. In Iraq, for 
example,  the  nexus  has  been  operationalised  through  a  comprehensive  programme.  The 
Commission  is  supporting  undocumented  IDP’s  in  obtaining  identity  and  civil  documentation 
through legal and temporary multipurpose cash assistance, with the aim of transitioning them into 
the Iraqi social welfare system. 

4.2.3.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

Since October 2023, the EU has also mobilised nearly EUR 80 million from the NDICI-Global Europe 
crisis  response  for  Israel  and  Palestine**..  Some  of  this  support  was  to  help  address  the  wider 
implications  of  the  Gaza  war,  with  assistance  to  actions  in  Lebanon,  Egypt  and  the  Red  Sea.  A 
significant  part  of  that  funding  is  focused  on  supporting  Israeli,  Palestinian  and  international  civil 
society  in  their  efforts  to  pursue  sustainable  peace.  Furthermore,  support  is  allocated  for  mine 
action  with  the  UN  Mine  Action  Service  (UNMAS)  in  the  West  Bank  and  Gaza  and  for  reviving  a 
political process for the implementation of the two-state solution. 

New actions were swiftly mobilised in 2024 to address the situation and its  spillover into Lebanon 
and  Syria,  addressing  both  the  drivers  and  the  consequences  of  instability  and  hostilities  in  the 
region,  such  as  hate  speech.  In  Lebanon,  NDICI  Crisis  Response  provided  support  for  governance 
reform  and  social  cohesion  and  for  mitigating  the  risks  and  impact  of  conflict  escalation. 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

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Furthermore, the EU finances two civilian common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions: the 
EU Police Mission for the Palestinian Territories (EUPOL COPPS) based in Ramallah in the West Bank, 
and the EU Border Assistance Mission for the Rafah Crossing Point (EUBAM Rafah) based in Ramat 
Gan, Israel. In 2024, the EUBAM Rafah actively prepared for its redeployment to the Rafah crossing 
point. The EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process continued efforts towards a 
just, lasting and comprehensive peace that should be achieved on the basis of a two-state solution, 
with Israel and a democratic, contiguous, viable, peaceful and sovereign Palestinian State living side 
by side within secure and recognised borders. 

In  Syria,  continuing  support  was  provided  for  stabilisation  efforts  in  north-east  Syria,  for  UN-led 
peace  efforts,  and  for  a  Syrian-led  and  Syrian-owned  dialogue,  aimed  at  ensuring  an  orderly, 
peaceful and inclusive transition. 

In  Iraq,  in  the  field  of  counterterrorism  and  prevention  of  violent  extremism,  upgraded  juvenile 
reformatories  were  handed  over  in  Mosul  and  Baghdad  in  November  2024.  The  EU  continued  its 
support for security sector reform in Iraq through the  EU Advisory Mission (EUAM Iraq), providing 
the  Iraqi  authorities  with  strategic  advice  and  expertise  on  the  civilian  aspects  of  security  sector 
reform, including the National Security Strategy. 

Support was also provided for international efforts to ensure accountability for crimes committed by 
Da’esh  through  the  work  of  the  UN  Investigative  Team  to  Promote  Accountability  for  Crimes 
Committed by Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD). 

Meanwhile,  in  Yemen,  support  continued  for  UN-led  peace  efforts.  This  included  support  for 
mediation and truce monitoring efforts, for Track II mediation, and for CSOs feeding into the work of 
the  Office  of  the  UN  Special  Envoy  for  Yemen.  The  EU  naval  operation,  ASPIDES,  launched  on 
19 February 2024, intervened successfully in the Red Sea to protect commercial vessels from Houthi 
attacks  and  escorted  over  350  vessels  over  the  course  of  the  year.  It  also  played  a  major  role  in 
escorting the oil tanker, Sounion, to safe docking, averting a major environmental disaster in the Red 
Sea. 

EU  action  in  support  of  the  UN  Verification  and  Inspection  Mechanism  (UNVIM)  in  Yemen 
contributes to efforts to restore the unimpeded free flow of commercial items to Yemen through the 
provision  of  a  transparent  and  effective  clearance  process  for  commercial  shipments  destined  for 
Yemeni ports which are not under the control of the government of Yemen and has been extended 
until September 2025. 

4.2.4.  The Pacific 

4.2.4.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

The Pacific island countries (PICs) are key partners for the EU Union in a number of important policy 
areas,  including  climate  action  and  green  transition,  ocean  governance  and  environmental 
protection. They are also important allies in upholding the international rules-based order with the 
UN at its core. 

The  EU  is  a  dialogue  partner  in  the  Pacific  Islands  Forum  (PIF),  the  region’s  main  political 
organisation, and participated in the 2024 PIF Leaders Meeting in Tonga with former Commissioner 
for  International  Partnerships,  Jutta  Urpilainen.  The  EU  is  the  first,  and  so  far  only,  permanent 
observer  in  the Pacific  Community (SPC),  the  main technical  and  scientific  regional organisation  in 
the Pacific. 

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The EU’s strategic priorities for the region are underpinned by the EU Strategy for Cooperation in the 
Indo-Pacific,  adopted  in  2021,  which  highlights  the  strategic  relevance  of  the  region  for  Europe’s 
prosperity  and  security.  The  Global  Gateway  strategy  supports  a  number  of  priorities  in  the  Indo-
Pacific strategy, providing a viable and attractive offer for partner countries by boosting transparent 
and  value-based 
infrastructure 
development. The EU’s priorities are also closely aligned with the priorities of the 2050 Strategy of 
the Blue Pacific Continent endorsed by PIF Leaders, notably in fields such as economic development, 
climate  change,  oceans  and  environment,  people,  technology  and  connectivity,  and  peace  and 
security. 

for  a  sustainable,  resilient  and  cooperative 

investments 

The  new  Partnership  Agreement  with  the  African,  Caribbean  and  Pacific  states  (the  ‘Samoa 
includes  a  new  Pacific  Protocol  which  provides  for  stronger  region-to-region 
agreement’) 
engagement. The shared priorities of the Pacific Protocol will guide EU-Pacific cooperation for years 
to come. 

At  multilateral  level,  the  Pacific  countries  unanimously  supported  most  UN  resolutions  as  regards 
Ukraine. Pacific countries suffered from supply chain disruptions as well as higher food and energy 
prices as a result of Russia’s war of aggression. 

The  EU  strengthened  relations  with  the  Pacific  region  in  2024,  conducting  ministerial  meetings, 
senior  official  meetings  and  political  dialogues.  The  EU  advanced  steadily  in  preparations  for  the 
‘Green  Blue  alliance  for  the  Pacific  and  Timor-Leste’  TEI,  which  promotes  equal  societies, 
fundamental values, human development, and peace and security across 18 partner countries and 
Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs). 

To enhance the impact for the benefit of Pacific Islands States, the EU also collaborates closely with 
Australia  and  New  Zealand,  two  like-minded  partner  countries  which  are  active  in  the  region  and 
with which the EU seeks to work in synergy. 

The EU engaged in frequent political dialogue with Australia and with New Zealand, notably on their 
respective responses to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, and security in the Indo-Pacific. 
The  EU  increased  interaction  on  non-traditional  security  issues,  including  cyber,  counterterrorism 
and foreign information manipulation and interference  (FIMI),  while  strengthening  cooperation on 
climate action with both partners. The FTA with New Zealand started to be implemented. 

4.2.4.2. Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

The  (regional)  Pacific  Partnership  ‘End  Violence  Against  Women  and  Girls’  programme,  started 
implementing its phase II in January 2024. Phase II is funded primarily by the EU (EUR 8 million) and 
Australia  (AUD 16 million).  It  is  implemented  by  UN  Women  (which  also  contributes  EUR 375 000) 
and the Pacific  Community and is expected to run until December 2027. The new phase builds on 
the  achievements  of  the  previous  Pacific  Partnership  programme  and  of  the  Spotlight  Initiative 
under  the  Pacific  Regional  programme  (2019-2023).  The  overall  objective  of  the  programme  is  to 
promote gender equality and prevent violence against women and girls in PICs. 

Green Deal 

The regional Pacific-EU Maritime Programme (an ocean flagship programme) continued in 2024 to 
deliver  tangible  outcomes  contributing  to  sustainability,  ocean  governance,  coastal  community 
management and capacity building. 

104 

 
 
Support  for  developing  trade  policies  was  the  focus  of  the  Pacific  Regional  Integration  Support 
Programme (PRISE), which in 2024 helped improve the business environment and facilitate exports 
to markets outside the Pacific  region, with an increasing emphasis on fisheries products and value 
chains. 

Several  EU-funded  programmes  implemented  in  the  Pacific  region,  continued  in  2024  to  support 
efforts on adaptation to climate change and on biodiversity. Among others, the Kiwa Initiative aims 
to  strengthen  the  climate  change  resilience  of  Pacific  Island  ecosystems,  communities  and 
economies through nature-based solutions. The EU contributed EUR 13.9 million to this multi-donor 
programme,  which  started  in  2020.  France,  Canada,  Australia  and  New  Zealand  are  also  involved. 
Pacific  BioScapes,  a  EUR 12 million  initiative  which  started  in  2021,  aims  to  support  Pacific  small 
island developing states (SIDS) in managing and sustainably using their marine and coastal resources. 
Another initiative, the PacWaste Plus programme, worth EUR 16.5 million and part of the Pacific-EU 
Waste Management  programme,  aims  to  improve  waste  and  pollution  management  in  the  Pacific 
region  by  helping  to  make  waste  and  pollution  management  cost-effective  and  sustainable. 
PacWaste Plus is due to end in December 2025. 

In 2024, the regional SWITCH-Asia programme made significant progress in promoting sustainable 
consumption  and  production  (SCP)  across  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  contributing  to  environmental 
protection, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change mitigation. The Pacific region 
is a new area of cooperation for the SWITCH-Asia programme, presenting unique opportunities and 
challenges  in  integrating  SCP  into  policy  frameworks.  In  addition  to  strengthening  nationally 
determined  contributions  (NDCs)  through  SCP,  tourism  has  been  selected  as  a  key  area  of 
intervention,  recognising  its  economic  significance  and  potential  for  advancing  circular-economy 
principles. Both approaches are designed to be integrated and to extend beyond a narrow sectoral 
focus,  ensuring  linkages  with  other  key  areas  such  as  food  systems,  waste  management  and 
resource  efficiency.  This  interconnected  perspective  was  taken  to  maximise  the  impact  of 
sustainability efforts across multiple sectors. 

In  Timor-Leste,  implementation  of  the  EUR 2.2  million  action  ‘Technical  Assistance  to  Support 
Carbon Farming’ (TASCF) will end in the first quarter of 2025. The action delivered critical outputs, 
such  as:  adoption  of  the  Climate  Change  Base  Law;  finalisation  of  the  carbon  farming  policy  and 
guidelines; preparations for a feasibility study for the measurement, reporting and setting-up of the 
verification (MRV) system for land; and adoption of the first-ever national agroforestry strategy. 

In  Papua  New  Guinea  (PNG),  during  its  first  full  year  of  implementation,  the  EUR 54.7 million 
Forestry, Climate Change and Biodiversity programme (EU-FCCB) made some specific contributions 
to  the  PNG  government’s  reporting  and  governance  systems  in  the  field  of  climate  change  and 
conservation, including: the preparation of PNG’s Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), improvement 
of  the  Safeguards  Information  System  (SIS)  (under  REDD+),  and  PNG’s  participation  in  the  UN 
Biodiversity COP16 in Cali and Climate Change COP29 in Baku. 

For  the  first  time,  two  important  blending  projects  were  signed  with  development  finance 
institutions under EFSD+ in PNG. The ‘Rabaul Port Rehabilitation’ project, implemented by AFD, will 
optimise operating conditions for the port, enhancing its resilience and helping to minimise negative 
environmental impacts, while increasing its overall attractiveness. The ‘Water PNG Framework Loan’ 
is an EIB project aiming to expand water supply services in urban areas of PNG and to enhance the 
country’s prospects for human, social and economic development. 

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Sustainable growth and jobs 

The  EU  funded  a  two-and-a-half-year  project  (2022-2024)  ‘Central  Islands  Province  Livelihoods 
Improvement Project (CLIP)’, worth EUR 0.5 million, to sustain economic and social resilience to the 
impact of COVID-19 and improve the well-being of families in 10 communities of Small Ngella, in the 
Solomon Islands. 

In  Timor-Leste,  the  EUR 5.9 million  Agroforestry  Skills  for  Development  project,  which  started  in 
2023,  made  significant  progress  in  2024  by  delivering  a  key  study  on  agroforestry  value  chains  in 
Timor-Leste, such as coconut, cocoa and vanilla. 

In  Papua  New  Guinea,  the  Support  to  Rural  Entrepreneurship,  Investment  and  Trade  project  (EU-
STREIT) achieved good results in terms of income generated from the supported vanilla and cacao 
value chains. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

Under the Human Rights and Democracy thematic programme, the UNDP was granted an extension 
of  the  multi-country  Pacific  Digital  Democracy 
its  total  financing  to 
EUR 1.4 million.  The  initiative  helps  boost  participatory  digitalisation  processes  in  four  target 
countries  (Fiji,  Micronesia  (FSM),  Solomon  Islands  and  Tonga),  with  a  view  to  harnessing 
information  and  communication  technologies  for  more  inclusive,  rights-based  democracy  and 
development. 

Initiative,  bringing 

Governance, peace and security 

The two-year project, ‘Strengthening the  Electoral Cycle  in the  Solomon Islands  (SECSIP) Phase  III’ 
(worth  EUR 5.5  million)  focuses  on  enhancing  inclusive,  informed  and  transparent  electoral 
processes,  including  through  accountable  and  effective  electoral  institutions.  SECSIP  III  assistance 
will  also  help enhance  and  expand  social  inclusion,  particularly  for  disadvantaged  segments  of  the 
population including women, young people and people with disabilities. The overall objective is to 
create  more  sustainable  and  inclusive  electoral  institutions  and  strengthen  practices  to  support 
inclusive and accountable democratic governance in Solomon Islands. 

Case studies 

The  EU  is  currently  in  the  initial  stages  of  supporting  the  development  of  a  multipurpose  port  on 
Christmas  Island:  a  EUR 2.5 million  Contribution  Agreement  was  signed  with  the  EIB  in  December 
2024,  alongside  parallel  technical  assistance  which  will  complete  the  preliminary  Stantec  studies 
(conducted in 2021-2023). 

In  Papua  New  Guinea  the  EU  finances  the  project  ‘Support  to  Rural  Entrepreneurship,  Investment 
and  Trade  project  (EU-STREIT)’.  The  project  focuses  on  three  key  agrifood  value  chains  –  cocoa, 
vanilla,  and  fisheries,  with  the  overarching  objective  of  increasing  sustainable  and  inclusive 
economic  development  in  rural  areas.  This  goal  is  pursued  through  two  integrated  outcomes: 
enhancing economic returns and opportunities and strengthening value chain enablers. 

The project resulted in supporting investments in agricultural value chains, rural roads and airstrips, 
renewable  energy,  jobs,  and  access  to  financial  services,  aiming  to  boost  development,  income 
generation and access to international markets. One of the tangible examples is the rehabilitation of 
roads  with  a  positive  impact  on  local  economies  and  communities  :  https://www.fao.org/in-

106 

 
 
 
action/eu-streit-png/news/detail/paving-future-yawasoro-niewanjie-road-rejuvenates-lives-
livelihoods-rural-papua-new-guinea/en 

Another example  is  the  renovation of  airstrips  improving  access  to  services,  jobs,  and  markets  for 
more than 19 000 people across 10 remote rural communities:  https://www.fao.org/in-action/eu-
streit-png/news/detail/mariama-airstrip-inaugurated-eu-global-gateway-papua-new-guinea/en 

4.2.4.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

The  UCPM  channelled  in-kind  assistance  and  expertise  following  the  destructive  earthquake  that 
struck Vanuatu in December 2024. It also facilitated evacuation flights for EU citizens affected by this 
disaster. Further, in 2024 the EU provided EUR 750 000 from the Emergency Toolbox to respond to 
earthquakes and landslides in Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea. 

4.2.4.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

In  line  with  the  EU’s  Strategy  for  Cooperation  in  Indo-Pacific,  the  Critical  Maritime  Routes  Indo-
Pacific (CRIMARIO II) project established new partnerships with South and Southeast Asian partners 
to boost interconnected maritime coordination to enhance maritime security. 

In alignment with the EU Indo-Pacific strategy, the Commission has launched a new action aimed at 
enhancing  the  EU’s  security  cooperation  with  partners  in  Asia  and  the  Indo-Pacific  region.  This 
initiative focuses on maritime security, counterterrorism, cybersecurity, and hybrid threats, as well 
as FIMI. 

4.3. 

The Americas and the Caribbean 

4.3.1.  The Americas 

4.3.1.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

The  EU  followed  up  on  the  commitments  resulting  from  the  third  EU-CELAC  (Community  of  Latin 
American & Caribbean States) summit in Brussels in July 2023, with the Joint Communication ‘New 
Agenda  for  EU-LAC  Relations’  (June  2023)  and  the  Council  Conclusions  on  EU-LAC  Relations 
(November  2023).  Key  milestones  included  the  launch  of  the  EU-CELAC  consultative  coordination 
mechanism  in  Tegucigalpa,  Honduras  (May  2024),  aimed  at  ensuring  continuity  and  structured 
follow-up between high-level meetings. 

Another significant development was the gathering of foreign ministers from both regions during the 
High-Level  Week  of  the  UN  General  Assembly  in  September  2024.  At  this  meeting  EU  and  LAC 
representatives  reaffirmed  their  commitment  to  the  bi-regional  partnership  and  endorsed  the 
ambitious implementation of the ‘Pact for the Future’, while setting the stage for the fourth CELAC-
EU Summit in 2025. 

Throughout  2024,  substantial  progress  has  been  made  in  implementing  the  bi-regional  2023-2025 
roadmap across multiple sectors, as well as in strengthening the bilateral partnerships in the region, 
including  with  Brazil  and  Mexico,  the  EU’s  two  strategic  partners  in  LAC.  Reaching  a  political 
agreement  on  the  EU-Mercosur  Partnership  Agreement  on  6 December  2024  was  a  major  step 

107 

 
 
 
 
forward.  It  is  a  ground-breaking  partnership that  strengthens  geopolitical, economic,  sustainability 
and security cooperation. 

The  Global  Gateway  Investment  Agenda  (GGIA)  was  consolidated  in  2024,  with  strengthened 
financial commitments and prioritisation of key projects in renewable energy, digital transformation, 
human development and sustainable transport. The GGIA, a Team Europe effort to mobilise private 
capital and public funding for sustainable development, helped partner countries access EU capital 
and technology to bridge investment gaps, aligning with our shared priorities. 

In 2024, the over 130 GIGA projects helped Team Europe focus its resources and efforts on common 
endeavours,  improving  internal  coordination  and  enhancing  policy  dialogue.  These  improvements 
are essential to elevate the Global Gateway to the next level, as outlined in the political guidelines of 
the  new  Commission.  The  GGIA  has  transitioned  from  start-up  to  scale  up,  with  most  projects 
showing evidence of progress. 

Six  high-level dialogues within the Digital Alliance have  strengthened digital cooperation, including 
the  EU-LAC  Digital  Policy  Dialogue  in  Colombia  and  the  bi-regional  Cybersecurity  Dialogue  in  the 
Dominican  Republic,  which  underscored  the  importance  of  digital  resilience.  Security  cooperation 
also  advanced,  with  the  XXIV  High-Level  Meeting  of  the  EU-CELAC  Cooperation  and  Coordination 
Mechanism  on  Drugs  in  Bolivia  introducing  a  new  five-year  strategy  to  combat  illicit  activities. 
Additionally, the launch of EL PAcCTO 2.0 in Panama reinforced cooperation on security, justice, and 
internal affairs. 

The TEI on ‘Inclusive and Equitable Societies in LAC’ was launched to promote social cohesion and 
reduce inequalities across the region. At the High-Level EU-LAC Dialogue on Disaster Preparedness 
and  Disaster  Risk  Management  in  Barbados,  a  Memorandum  of  Understanding  on  Disaster  Risk 
Management and Preparedness was signed with the objective to jointly enhance resilience against 
natural  disasters.  Meanwhile,  climate  and  environmental  programmes,  such  as  Euroclima  and 
Amazonia+, reaffirmed sustainability as a core priority. The EU-LAC Foundation continued to support 
civil society engagement and knowledge exchange. 

At country level, the EU continued reinforcing political dialogue and cooperation in strategic areas, 
such as security and defence, environment/climate change, digital transition and foreign information 
manipulation  and  interference  (FIMI),  as  well  as  supporting  the  consolidation  of  democracy  and 
human  rights.  On  Venezuela,  the  EU  continued  its  strong  political  engagement  in  support  of  the 
restoration  of  democracy,  rule  of  law  and  respect  for  human  rights.  The  support  to  the 
implementation of the peace process in Colombia remained key in our strengthened partnership. 

At  sub-regional  level,  the  entry  into  force  of  the  EU-OACPS  (Samoa)  Agreement  and  of  the  EU-
Central  America  Association  Agreement  comprehensive  frameworks  elevated  the  level  of  our 
political  engagement  with  the  Caribbean  (through  the  dedicated  protocol)  and  Central  America 
respectively. 

Looking  ahead,  ensuring  effective  implementation  and  measurable  results  will  be  crucial  in 
sustaining  economic  growth  and  deepening  EU-LAC  cooperation.  As  geopolitical  dynamics  evolve, 
the  EU  remains  committed  to  fostering  a  resilient  and  mutually  beneficial  partnership  with  Latin 
America and the Caribbean. The  progress achieved in 2024 lays the groundwork for the upcoming 
CELAC-EU Summit in Colombia in 2025, marking a new phase in bi-regional relations. 

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4.3.1.2. Implementation 
Human development and inequalities 

The TEI for Inclusive and Equitable Societies in LAC was officially launched by former Commissioner 
for International Partnerships Jutta Urpilainen in March 2024 to address three goals aligned with the 
EU’s human development priorities: facilitating access to social rights and basic services to empower 
people;  promoting  social  innovation  and  resilience  for  just  transitions;  and  enhancing  inclusive, 
accountable, and transparent institutions. 

This collaborative effort brings together the EU and six EU Member States (France, Germany, Italy, 
Luxembourg,  Spain,  and  Sweden)  with  a  combined  indicative  contribution  of  EUR 1.1  billion  in 
grants.  The  initiative  focuses  on  five  priority  areas:  gender  equality  and  youth  empowerment, 
education and skills development, social inclusion, social protection and care policies and fostering 
social innovation to support just, green and digital transitions. 

The  EU’s  Inclusive  Societies  in  LAC  programme  contributes  EUR 60  million  to  the  TEI.  This 
programme tackles gender and other inequalities, poverty reduction and social exclusion, and social 
cohesion  within  and  between  LAC  countries.  With  a  strong  emphasis  on  gender  equality  and 
women’s  empowerment,  it  addresses  intersectionality  with  other  forms  of  discrimination.  It  also 
seeks  to  advance  social  policies  and  inclusion,  focusing  on  the  bottom  40%  of income  households 
while encouraging social investment and innovation to foster fair economic transitions.  Finally, the 
programme  strengthens  the  social  dimension  of  the  EU-LAC  Global  Gateway  Investment  Agenda 
(GGIA). 

Work  under  the  EU-LAC  Health  Resilience  Initiative,  launched  by  President  von  der  Leyen  and 
Spanish  Prime  Minister  Sánchez  in  2022,  continued  to  progress,  focusing  action  on  three  key 
priorities:  supporting  regional  efforts  to  align  and  integrate  health  regulatory  frameworks, 
strengthening local manufacturing capacity for medicines and vaccines, and fostering local R&D and 
technology  transfers  through  public-private  partnerships.  In  2023,  a  series  of  high-level  and  B2B 
matchmaking  events  were  held,  with  follow-up  activities  continuing  in  2024  to  strengthen  public-
private collaboration and delivery on priority countries. 

Green Deal 

In 2024, Euroclima, the EU’s flagship programme on climate change and environmental cooperation 
in the LAC region since 2010, was adapted to support the Global Gateway strategy and reinforced 
with  an  additional  allocation  of  EUR 50  million,  reaffirming  the  EU’s  commitment  to  sustainable 
development  and  climate  action  in  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean.  The  programme  has  been 
instrumental in implementing the 360-degree approach of several Global Gateway flagship projects, 
as well as catalysing private-sector interest and investment in the green transition. 

Amazonia+ is the EU’s regional programme dedicated to the Amazon Forest. The Belém Declaration, 
signed  by  Amazonian  countries,  outlines  their  shared  ambition  for  the  governance  of  the  Amazon 
Forest. Amazonia+ supports this agenda by focusing on combating forest fires and degradation while 
strengthening  the  role  of  indigenous  communities  in  forest  governance.  In  2024,  the  programme 
achieved significant milestones: 

facilitating exchanges between Amazonian countries and European counterparts; 

• 
•  enhancing  national  capacities  to  respond  to  forest  fires  in  the  short-  and  medium-term 

through expertise and training; 

109 

 
 
•  advancing  the  work  plans  of  two  regional  organisations:  the  Amazon  Cooperation  Treaty 
Organisation  (ACTO)  and  the  Coordinator  of  Indigenous  Organisations  of  the  Amazon 
(COICA). 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

Efforts in 2024 across Latin America and the Caribbean centred on mobilising financing for the EU-
LAC Global Gateway Investment Agenda (GGIA). Under the EFSD+ Open Architecture, an operation 
to upgrade the waste treatment plant in Cuenca, Ecuador was launched (EUR 25 million), supported 
by  AFD  as  part  of  the  ‘Fast  Cities’  Guarantee  Agreement.  The  Latin  America  and  Caribbean 
Investment  Facility  (LACIF)  was  replenished,  reaching  EUR 151  million.  Eleven  contribution 
agreements were signed (total EU contribution of EUR 78 million). 

These agreements  –  established with institutions such as EIB, AFD, AECID/COFIDES, IDB and CAF  – 
targeted  key  sectors  including  health,  critical  raw  materials  (CRMs),  digitalisation,  e-mobility,  bio-
economy, and green recovery. The contracts are expected to mobilise EUR 1.25 billion in investment. 
Five  additional  projects  were  approved  by  the  EFSD+  Blending  Board  in  2024  (EUR 21  million)  for 
contracting  in  2025.  Concurrently,  dialogue  with  development  finance  institutions  continued  to 
secure new financing for implementing the EU-LAC GGIA. 

The AL-INVEST Verde Programme  is a key component  of Global Gateway. It demonstrates how to 
turn vision into action by supporting sustainable development and fostering responsible economic 
growth  in  Latin  America.  With  a  focus  on  sustainability  and  the  green  agenda,  it  continued  to 
support LAC’s public and private sectors, also developing and reinforcing Intellectual Property Rights 
(IPR) in partner countries. 

Concrete action includes: grants for the benefits of LA micro-, small, and medium-sized enterprises 
to  support  deforestation-free  sustainable  value  chains  in  the  agri-food  sector,  as  well  as  circular 
economy, low-carbon and resource efficiency; technical assistance to the public sector with a focus 
on  the  EU  Deforestation  Regulation  (EU  DR)  (the  programme  implements  several  state-of-art 
projects  on  traceability  systems  for  deforestation-free  value  chains  of  coffee,  cacao,  soy,  beef 
(including leather), and planted forest/wood in Brazil, Argentina and Peru); and IPR. 

In  addition  to  raising  public  awareness  and  providing  specialised  training  for  the  judiciary  and 
customs systems, the programme implements a new concept of ‘mentorships’ which aim to support 
partner  countries  by  providing  technical  assistance  to  prepare  new  geographical  indications  (GIs) 
and  trademarks,  and  thus  add  economic  value  to  local  sustainable  value  chains;  it  also  supports 
transfer of green technologies. 

The programme’s new edition AL-INVEST Next was approved in November 2023 and will continue to 
deliver on these priority areas, and in addition to absorbing additional action previously financed by 
the foreign policy needs component of the NDICI-Global Europe rapid response, for example market 
access, sustainable value  chains  on  CRMs  and  the  responsible  business  conduct  (RBCLAC).  For the 
first time in its history, the programme will cover the whole LAC region. As its budget is scheduled in 
two instalments, the  programme will start its activities  depending on the  availability of funds. The 
RBCLAC project started its implementation in July 2024, and the rest of projects are scheduled for 
2025 and 2026. 

The LAC region has become a strategic partner for the EU in diversifying supply chains in CRMs and 
enhancing resilience. The EU adopted a proactive approach in 2024 by advancing partnerships and 

110 

 
 
 
fostering  collaboration.  Roadmaps  were  developed  for  the  Memoranda  of  Understanding  signed 
with  Chile  and  Argentina  in  2023.  Business  missions  to  Brazil,  Chile  or  from  partners  to  Europe 
facilitated  exchanges  and  collaboration,  while  the  Commission  helped  to  provide  a  platform  for 
targeted dialogue among stakeholders. Meetings focused on project-oriented discussions to ensure 
actionable outcomes. 

The  EU  deepened  its  cooperation  with  the  European  Institute  for  Innovation  and  Technology  (EIT) 
Raw Materials and EIT InnoEnergy through the CRM Facility, with additional resources planned for 
2025.  Discussions  to  expand  the  Transformative  Global  Value  Chains  PIP  under  EFSD+  Open 
Architecture also advanced, aiming to de-risk DFI participation in CRM initiatives. Dialogue with the 
EIB was intensified to optimise the use of their instruments. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

In 2024 the EU-LAC Digital Alliance grew to 51 members, with Grenada, Belize and Guyana joining in 
2024  and  Bolivia  in  January  2025.  All  pillars  of  the  Alliance  developed  actively,  with  successful 
implementation by Team Europe (Germany, Estonia, Spain, France, Slovenia). 

Each of the six dialogues held in 2024 resulted in a set of operational takeaways, outlining concrete 
actions within the priority areas. The takeaways build on the operational conclusions of the Digital 
Alliance Days in Cartagena de Indias in 2023, which, together with the Joint Declaration on a Digital 
Alliance, serve as the guiding framework for EU-LAC digital cooperation. 

Following the  e-governance dialogue  held in Costa Rica in May 2024, a series of training activities 
and  pilots  are  being  organised  for  the  region.  The  Data  Governance  Dialogue  was  held  in 
Montevideo at the end of September. In 2025, the Digital Alliance will provide legislative support to 
countries in the region that want to produce a national data protection law. 

A high-level dialogue on connectivity and AI and supercomputing was successfully held following the 
eLAC  Ministerial  in  Santiago  in  November  2024.  It  was  agreed  to  focus  on  four  key  deliverables: 
continuing  the  establishment  of  the  EU-LAC  Network  of  Women  Digital  Policymakers;  developing 
national  and  sub-regional  5G  implementation  guides;  creating  a  LAC  Meaningful  Connectivity 
Toolbox; and designing a digital skills framework for the region. 

Under the Connectivity pillar of the Alliance, the extension of the BELLA cable in 2025 to Peru, Costa 
Rica,  Honduras,  El  Salvador  and  Guatemala  was  prepared  in  2024,  with  further  extension  to  the 
Caribbean planned in the coming years. 

The EU-LAC Digital Accelerator for business and innovation has led to over 100 new joint ventures, 
with  the  participation  of  1 500  companies  from  86  countries.  Regarding  space  and  satellite  digital 
services, the new regional Copernicus centre in Chile in 2024 continued to extend its services, while 
work on the new centre in Panama has continued. 

Governance, peace and security 

The  EU  regional  programmes  with  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean,  such  as  EL  PAcCTO  2.0  on 
transnational organised crime,  COPOLAD III on the fight  against  drugs and  EUROFRONT on border 
management,  have  continued  to  be  key  tools  to  enhance  bi-regional  cooperation  in  these  areas. 
Both  EU  and  LAC  have  continued  working  closely  together  with  the  active  support  of  these 
programmes, thus further enhancing the EU-LAC Partnership on Justice and Security (recognised at 
the EU-CELAC Summit in July 2023). The official launch of the EL PAcCTO 2.0 programme in March 

111 

 
 
2024, with a higher budget (EUR 58.8 million) and covering the whole LAC region, showcased EU-LAC 
cooperation in fighting transnational organised crime. 

Case study 

Euroclima, the  EU’s  flagship  programme  on  climate  change  and  environmental cooperation  in  the 
LAC  region  since  2010,  has  been  adapted  to  the  Global  Gateway  strategy  and  reinforced  with  an 
additional  allocation  of  EUR 50  million,  reaffirming  EU’s  commitment  to  sustainable  development 
and climate action in Latin America and the Caribbean. 

The programme has been instrumental in implementing the 360-degree approach of several Global 
Gateway  flagship  projects  as  well  as  to  catalysing  private-sector  interest  and  investments  towards 
the green transition. Concrete examples include: 

- delivering capacity building and knowledge transfer on green and sustainable hydrogen in Chile; 

- contributing to enabling conditions that promote the green transition of Brazilian industry, inspired 
by the European Green Deal; 

- unlocking private-sector investment in the LAC region through the LAC Climate Bankable Projects 
Accelerator; 

- building the capacity of Peru’s regional authorities to enhance protected area management; 

- developing a national energy generation forecasting system for renewable energy in Panama; 

- supporting the development of the Global Gateway regional response to turn Sargassum invasion 
into  an  economic  opportunity,  including  the  development  of  a  management  system  in  Dominican 
Republic and studies to evaluate the industrial use of the algae. 

4.3.1.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

In  2024,  Venezuela’s  humanitarian  crisis  escalated  significantly  as  political  and  social  unrest 
increased following the  July’s presidential elections, with access to basic health, food and drinking 
water  severely  compromised  and  20.1  million  people  in  need  of  humanitarian  assistance. 
Displacement inside the country and regionally continued to be a primary survival strategy pushing 
7.7 million Venezuelans to flee the country. 

In 2024, the EU continued to provide integrated protection and humanitarian assistance to the most 
vulnerable groups, inside Venezuela and in the region, across all relevant sectors. The EU continued 
its  efforts  to  improve  operating  conditions  and  access  for  humanitarian  actors  through  donor 
coordination. 

The  humanitarian  situation  in  Colombia  steadily  deteriorated  in  2024  due  to  persistent  internal 
conflict  and  widespread  violence,  compounded  by  the  impact  of  the  Venezuelan  migrants  and 
refugees in the country. As a result of this, 13.5 million people needed humanitarian assistance, 8.3 
million from conflict and disasters and 5.2 million refugees and migrants. To respond to these needs, 
the EU allocated EUR 30.1 million to help victims of the armed conflict and climate-related disasters 
and to respond to the Venezuelan and transcontinental mixed migration crisis. 

in  2024  generated  growing  humanitarian 
In  Ecuador,  an  unprecedent  surge 
consequences  and  15%  of  the  population  is  severely  food-insecure.  To  respond  to  these  needs  as 

in  violence 

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well as the communities affected by climate-related events and indigenous communities affected by 
criminal extractive economies, the EU allocated EUR 34.2 million in 2024. 

Central  America  and  Mexico  combine  a  high  exposure  to  violence,  natural  hazards,  poverty  and 
inequality, in a context of continued migration flows from Panama to northern Mexico. In 2024, 9.4 
million  people  in  Guatemala,  Honduras  and  El  Salvador  needed  humanitarian  assistance.  The EU’s 
response of EUR 31.2 million focused on addressing the critical needs of the most vulnerable: people 
on  the  move,  victims  and  survivors  of  violence,  including  organised  crime  (notably  women  and 
children), through protection and relief assistance, provision of food assistance and short/medium-
term livelihood recovery and protection. 

In  addition,  in  May  2024  the  EU  and  the  LAC  region  signed  a  Memorandum  of  Understanding  to 
enhance  cooperation  on  integrated  disaster  risk  management,  as  agreed  by  the  2023  EU-CELAC 
Summit in Brussels. The signatories developed an Action Plan, aiming to strengthen the partnership 
on  issues  such  as  climate  change  adaptation,  resilient  infrastructure,  early-warning  systems  and 
private-sector involvement. 

In  2024,  the  Union  Civil  Protection  Mechanism  played  a  vital  role  in  responding  to  various 
emergencies  across  the  region.  It  was  activated  to  help  Bolivia,  Chile  and  Ecuador  address  the 
devastating  impact  of  wildfires,  which  posed  significant  threats  to  local  communities  and 
ecosystems.  In  Central  America,  the  UCPM  channelled  assistance  to  Guatemala,  Honduras  and  El 
Salvador in response to health-related emergencies, floods, and wildfires that affected the region. In 
2024, the EU provided EUR 4.4 million from its Emergency Toolbox to respond to floods, epidemics 
and droughts in Central and South America. 

4.3.1.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

In  Latin  America,  two  new  EU  crisis  response  actions  financed  by  the  rapid-response  pillar  were 
adopted  -  one  for  Panama  and  Colombia,  the  other  for  Bolivia.  In  Panama  and  Colombia,  a  new 
initiative was launched to enhance the protection and safety of displaced individuals when crossing 
the  Darien  Gap  and  to  support  the  stability of  host communities  when  faced with mass migration 
flows.  In  Bolivia,  the  action  adopted  aims  to  help  prevent  and  mitigate  electoral  conflicts  and 
violence in the run-up to, during, and following the 2025 Bolivian general elections. 

Work on climate change, environment, peace and security has continued apace with the launch of 
the first regional grant programme under the EU-UNEP Climate Environment Security Partnership in 
Central America. 

Through  the  Organisation  of  American  States  (OAS)  the  EU  contributes  to  countering  the  illicit 
proliferation  and  trafficking  of  small  arms  and  light  weapons  and  ammunition,  and  at  mitigating 
their impact in Latin America and the Caribbean. This is done as part of the EU strategy against illicit 
firearms, small arms & light weapons and their ammunition: ‘Securing Arms, Protecting Citizens’. The 
EU  is  also  actively  contributing  to  strengthening  biological  safety  and  security  in  Latin  America  in 
line with the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004). 

The  EU’s  Global  Illicit  Flows  Programme  (GIFP)  flagship  initiative  continued  to  support  partner 
countries’  law  enforcement  and  criminal  justice  authorities  in  their  efforts  to  tackle  transnational 
organised crime, be it in relation to narcotics, illicit arms trafficking, wildlife crime or illicit financial 
flows. 

A  substantive  example  is  the  Trigger  VI  action  led  by  INTERPOL  in  cooperation  with  UN  Office  on 
Drugs  and  Crime  (UNODC)  in  13  South  American  countries,  which  led  to  the  recovery  of  around 

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200 000  illicit  firearms,  ammunition  and  explosives,  the  arrest  of  almost  4 000  individuals  and  the 
destruction  of  27  cocaine  labs.  Additional  operational  cooperation  with  Latin  America  is  done 
through EMPACT(92) firearms and the EL PAcCTO project. 

4.3.2.  The Caribbean 

4.3.2.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

In  2024  the  EU  maintained  its  political  engagement  with  the  Caribbean  as  a  distinct  sub-regional 
bloc.  Relations  were  further  advanced  by  continued  high-level  engagement  throughout  the  year, 
including the participation of former Commissioner for International Partnerships Jutta Urpilainen in 
the SIDS Conference in Antigua and Barbuda in 2024, accompanied by the EU Special Envoy for SIDS, 
a bilateral between former HRVP Borrell and the Cuban Minister of Foreign Affairs at UNGA, and the 
visit to Barbados in May by former Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management Lenarčič 
for  the  signing  of  the  Memorandum  of  Understanding  on  cooperation  in  the  area  of  integrated 
disaster risk  management,  an event  co-hosted  by  the  Caribbean  Disaster  Emergency Management 
Agency (CDEMA). 

On  1 January  2024,  the  Samoa  Agreement  between  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  and  the 
Organisation  of  African,  Caribbean  and  Pacific  States  (OACPS)  entered  into  force,  providing  the 
institutional framework for deepening further our partnership at country, regional and multilateral 
level. 

It builds on the good cooperation with the OACPS SIDS in the region. In the Caribbean, Cuba is the 
only remaining non-signatory and hence will not be able to benefit from its provisional application. 
The  Caribbean  protocol  of  the  Agreement,  tailored  to  the  sub-region’s  needs  and  dynamics,  will 
allow for an unprecedented regional focus, with its own specific governance. 

The EU maintained cooperation efforts with the Caribbean through three partnerships, designed to 
address  the  region’s  multifaceted  vulnerabilities:  Green  Deal;  Economic  Resilience  and  Trade;  and 
Governance,  Security  and  Human  Development.  The  partnerships  are  being  animated  via  a  ‘Team 
Europe’ approach and will be further implemented through the EU-LAC Global Gateway Investment 
Agenda presented at the III EU-CELAC Summit, with several initiatives being developed and gradually 
coming to fruition. In addition to the actions financed by the Caribbean regional programme, in 2024 
a significant number of activities from country programmes were implemented. 

Considering its severity and possible spillovers in the region, the EU has paid increased attention to 
the  crisis  in  Haiti,  where  a  consistent  response  was  maintained  along  the  humanitarian-
it  with  additional  commitments  to  support  the 
development-peace  nexus,  complementing 
deployment of the Multinational Security Support Mission. 

Consultations were held with Costa Rica, Guyana, Suriname, Belize, Bahamas, and several dialogues 
with Cuba under the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA). 

92 European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/internal-
security/law-enforcement-cooperation/empact-fighting-crime-together_en 

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4.3.2.2. Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

As part of the EU-LAC Health Resilience Initiative, the EU launched PharmaNext, an EUR 8.9 million 
programme  adopted  in  August  2024  to  strengthen  the  Caribbean  pharmaceutical  sector.  The 
initiative  focuses  on  modernising  health  regulatory  frameworks  in  alignment  with  EU  standards, 
promoting  skills  transfer  and  creating  investment  opportunities  to  enhance  local  pharmaceutical 
production and supply chains. 

PharmaNext  will  support  regulatory  agencies,  healthcare  institutions,  and  local  manufacturers 
through  technical  assistance,  training,  and  policy  reform,  ensuring  improved  medicine  safety, 
quality,  and  oversight.  The  programme  encourages  public-private  partnerships  to  drive  innovation 
and self-sufficiency in the region’s pharmaceutical industry. 

By  fostering  regional  cooperation  and  knowledge  exchange,  PharmaNext  aims  to  reduce 
dependence  on  external  suppliers,  strengthen  medicine  accessibility  and  contribute  to  a  more 
resilient  healthcare  system  in  the  Caribbean.  The  initiative  aligns  with  the  EU’s  Global  Gateway 
strategy, reinforcing long-term health security and economic growth in the region. 

Green Deal 

Actions  related  to  green  transition  under  the  Global  Gateway  Investment  Agenda  (GGIA)  were 
identified and are being implemented across multiple Caribbean countries, with Euroclima providing 
support mechanisms. 

Energy  transition  remains  a  shared  priority  and  a  key  sector  for  Global  Gateway  investment, 
equipping  both  the  EU  and  local  private  sectors  with  new  tools  to  develop  utility-scale  energy 
generation and storage projects. Currently, the EU supports EU-LAC GGIA energy-related projects in 
13 Caribbean nations, covering project development, risk mitigation, financing, and infrastructure. 

In  2024,  Caribbean  Ministers  of  Energy  visited  Europe  to  engage  with  the  EU  on  investment  and 
procurement strategies, aiming to attract the European private sector. This initiative led to further 
collaboration  with  industry  and  sectoral  organisations  such  as  Solar  Power  Europe,  Global 
Renewable  Alliance,  Greening  the  Island  Foundation,  and  Redeia.  Discussions  on  interconnection 
and aggregated energy demand, particularly within the OECS and Barbados, have gained significant 
traction. 

Following Hurricane Beryl’s impact on Barbados, Grenada, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 
1 July  2024,  the  EU  Delegation  coordinated  the  EU  response,  including  humanitarian  aid  from  the 
Commission,  assistance  from  EU  Member  States,  satellite  mapping  via  Copernicus  and  a  post-
disaster needs assessment. Efforts have since been made to align reconstruction with EU-LAC GGIA 
priorities,  such  as  securing  an  agreement  with  Prime  Minister  Mitchell  in  August  to  rebuild  the 
energy  grid  in  Carriacou  and  Petite  Martinique,  aiming  for  100%  renewable  and  resilient  energy 
systems.  Additionally,  critical  water  sector  investment,  including  a  desalination  plant,  has  been 
actively supported by the EU Delegation. 

The  EU  has  taken  a  leading  role  in  addressing  the  growing  socio-economic  and  environmental 
challenges posed by Sargassum in the Caribbean, acting as a convener and catalyst for sustainable, 
value-generating and bankable solutions. Through a clear ‘Team Europe’ approach, it has facilitated 
the deployment of EU technology and investment, aligning with a key Global Gateway priority. Over 
EUR 300 million in potential loans and EUR 60 million in grants have been identified to support these 

115 

 
 
efforts. The second EU-Caribbean Conference on Sargassum in October 2024 successfully led to the 
creation of country Task Forces, such as in Grenada, where an expression of interest is underway, 
with a vision to scale up to regional solutions. Work is also advancing in Barbados and the Dominican 
Republic. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

Under  the  Partnership  for  Economic  Resilience  and  Trade,  a  EUR 14  million  programme  was 
approved  to  support  the  implementation  of  the  Economic  Partnership  Agreement  (EPA).  In 
November  2024,  a  contract  was  signed  with  PTB,  CROS-Q,  and  INDOCAL  to  implement  a  key 
component  addressing  technical  barriers to  trade.  This  initiative  builds on two  successful  previous 
phases  that  enhanced  quality  infrastructure,  sanitary  and  phytosanitary  measures  and  intellectual 
property frameworks for Caribbean firms and producers. As a result, businesses have been able to 
expand production, increase exports and create new employment opportunities. 

Complementing  this  effort,  an  EUR 8  million  financial  package  for  the  Caribbean  Export 
Development Agency, launched in late 2023, continues to provide technical and financial support to 
small and medium-sized enterprises and business support organisations. The programme focuses on 
green transition strategies, digital transformation, and market intelligence to facilitate access to the 
EU  single  market.  Additionally,  the  Caribbean  Digital  Accelerator  Programme  and  the  CARIBEquity 
blended  finance  programme  with  IDB  Labs  made  significant  progress  in  2024,  offering  crucial 
support to Caribbean start-ups. These initiatives aim to drive innovation in digital and other strategic 
sectors, fostering investment and technological exchange with EU companies and investors. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

Under  the  EU-LAC  Digital  Alliance,  in  February  2024  a  cybersecurity  dialogue  took  place  in  the 
Dominican  Republic.  The  European  Commission  is  engaging  with  Expertise  France  to  provide 
technical assistance,  including EU-compliant  technological solutions based on the  EU cybersecurity 
model. 

Migration and forced displacement 

In Haiti, more than 1 million people – equivalent to 9% of the population – were internally displaced 
by  the  end of 2024,  according  to  IOM. Most  displacements  have  occurred within  the  capital, with 
people  seeking  refuge  in  both  designated  sites  and  host  communities,  while  more  recently, 
movements  toward  other  regions  have  increased.  In  response,  the  EU  is  actively  working  to 
strengthen  the  resilience  of  local  communities  as  part  of  a  broader  strategy  addressing  the  crisis, 
complementing  ongoing  security  and  humanitarian  aid  efforts.  In  2024,  three  initiatives  totalling 
EUR 40 million were launched to support Haiti’s education sector, improve customs administration 
and foster local development in the north-east. 

At  the  grassroots  level,  the  EU  is  partnering  with  communities  affected  by  armed  violence  to 
promote  sustainable  job creation and  provide  seed  funding  for  local economic  initiatives.  Over 25 
pilot projects – including bakeries, leather goods production and cleaning product manufacturing – 
have already been supported in vulnerable neighbourhoods of Port-au-Prince. These initiatives are 
empowering  local  stakeholders,  fostering  new  economic  opportunities  and  driving  community-led 
development, particularly among young people. 

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Governance, peace and security 

The  EU  collaborates  with  the  Caribbean  on  justice  and  security  through  two  main  regional 
programmes: EL PAcCTO 2.0, targeting transnational organised crime: and COPOLAD III, focusing on 
drug  policy.  EL  PAcCTO  2.0  (EUR 58.8  million,  2023-2027)  was  officially  launched  in  March  2024, 
expanding the scope of its predecessor by including the Caribbean and addressing a wider range of 
criminal markets and security challenges. This flagship programme underpins EU-LAC cooperation in 
the fight against transnational organised crime through four main components: 

•  Strengthening  Regional  &  Bi-regional  cooperation  and  political  dialogues,  supporting  key 
mechanisms  for  justice  and  security  (CLASI-Latin  American  Committee  in  Internal  Security, 
Ameripol, Justice Policy Cycle); 

•  Economic  Dimension  of  Crime,  with  a  focus  on  anti-corruption,  money  laundering,  asset 

recovery and penitentiary reforms; 

• 

Institutional Strengthening of Justice and Security Institutions, by enhancing the rule of law, 
improving  legislative  frameworks  and  boosting  Joint  Investigation  Teams  and  cross-border 
cooperation. There is a special focus on women and youth-specific concerns, for instance to 
avoid early recruitment to organised crime groups; and 

•  Addressing  Transnational  Organised  Crime,  targeting  six  key  criminal  markets:  drug 
trafficking,  firearms  trafficking,  human  trafficking,  environmental  crimes,  trafficking  of 
cultural goods, and cybercrime. 

The programme’s formal launch in Panama (11-13 March 2024) gathered high-level representatives 
from  30  EU  and  LAC  countries,  reaffirming  the  need  for  deeper  cooperation.  The  first  strategic 
meetings  for  the  Caribbean  (Barbados,  July  2024)  and  Latin  America  (Chile,  October  2024)  helped 
define  regional  priorities  and  develop  specific  strategies  for  2025  and  2026,  with  an  aim  to  unify 
efforts across LAC by 2027. 

A  concrete  example  of  EL  PAcCTO’s  impact  is  Operation  ‘Guyana  Shield,’  launched  in  November 
2024, which brings together Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, and French Guiana to combat environmental 
crimes. A study visit to France and the Netherlands introduced participating countries to European 
cooperation models through Eurojust and Europol, paving the way for joint action in 2025. 

COPOLAD III (2021-2025, EUR 15 million) supports 12 Caribbean countries in implementing national 
drug  policies  through  technical  assistance  for  22  national  actions,  two  regional  initiatives  and  the 
participation of the Caribbean countries in COPOLAD working groups. 

At national level, activities in the Caribbean are focused on: generating empirical evidence to build 
policy  (strengthening  drug  observatories,  evaluation  of  policies  and  early-warning  systems);  drug 
demand reduction (territorialisation and community treatment); drug supply reduction (alternative 
development options, fighting organised crime, controlling chemical precursors and alternatives to 
incarceration). 

117 

 
 
 
At the regional level, the programme has facilitated initiatives to address stigma against people who 
use  drugs  and  enhance  institutional  capacities  within  the  Caribbean  Financial  Action  Task  Force 
(CFATF) and CARICOM IMPACS(93). 

Food security and nutrition 

The EU is enhancing food and nutrition security in the Caribbean, particularly for vulnerable groups, 
through a EUR 19 million programme aimed at strengthening the resilience and sustainability of food 
systems. This initiative was mobilised as part of the EU’s global response to mitigate the impact of 
the 2022-2023 global food crisis in African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries. 

To implement this programme, the EU signed contribution agreements at the end of 2023 with key 
partners, including the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), the International Trade Centre (ITC), the 
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), the International and Ibero-American 
Foundation  for  Administration  and  Public  Policies  (FIIAPP)  and  the  Central  Project  Management 
Agency of Lithuania (CPVA). 

Throughout 2024, the inception phase was completed, confirming the targeted countries and value 
chains. The programme and its components were officially presented during the Caribbean Week of 
Agriculture in October 2024 in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. 

The EU also plays an active role in the Agriculture Regional Partners Coordination Forum, organised 
by  CARICOM.  This  initiative  aligns  with  the  EU  Global  Gateway  strategy,  which  seeks  to  enhance 
smart, clean, and secure connections in digital, energy and transport sectors – while strengthening 
health, education and research systems worldwide. 

Case study 

The EU’s Digital Transitioning Budget Support Programme in Jamaica is a Global Gateway flagship 
project for digital development that has strengthened the country’s digital infrastructure, expanded 
broadband internet access and integrated ICT skills into teacher training curricula. 

Key achievements: 

In 2024, the programme helped to connect 271 public schools and 18 children’s homes to wide-area 
networks, ensuring that by 2025, all public schools and all 48 children’s homes have safe and reliable 
internet access. 

Additionally, 362 public schools received campus-wide wi-fi, and Jamaica’s National ICT Competency 
Framework for Teachers was updated to align with international standards, including the EU’s Digital 
Competence  Framework  for  Educators.  With  80%  of  Jamaica’s  26 000  teachers  being  women,  the 
initiative also has a strong gender dimension. 

4.3.2.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

Haiti’s  humanitarian  crisis  continued  to  deteriorate  in  2024.  Gangs  controlled  80%  of  the  capital 
Port-au-Prince and have far-reaching influence in many other parts of the country. Access to basic 
services such as drinking water and services for people living in gang-controlled areas is very limited 
and a million people have been forced to flee their houses. In 2024, the crisis has seen the loss of 

93 The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Implementation Agency for Crime and Security. 

118 

 
 
 
5 000  people  from  violence,  5.5  million  people  are  food-insecure  and  the  number  of  children 
suffering  from  severe  malnutrition  has  increased  by  9%  to  more  than  125 000  cases.  The  EU 
allocated  EUR 36.5  million  to  Haiti  to  support  people  suffering  from  extreme  food  insecurity,  to 
provide  protection  for  displaced  people  and  victims  of  gang  violence  and  to  provide  education  in 
emergencies. 

In 2024, the EU mobilised a total of EUR 2.3 million from the Emergency Toolbox to respond to the 
consequences of floods, earthquakes and health crisis in Cuba and to support the response following 
the impact on Hurricane Beryl in Grenada and St Vincent and the Grenadines. In the Caribbean, the 
UCPM  was  activated  in  response  to  Hurricane  Beryl,  the  earliest-forming  category  5  hurricane  on 
record, to support affected countries including Jamaica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and 
the Grenadines. Additionally, the UCPM collaborated with the UNEP/OCHA Joint Environmental Unit 
to address the environmental impacts of the hurricane. 

4.3.2.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

In  the  Caribbean,  in  response  to  the  ongoing  crisis  in  Haiti, the  EU adopted  a new  crisis  response 
action  supporting  the  Multinational  Security  Support  Mission  (MSSM)  in  Haiti  to  improve  security 
and re-establish the rule of law, respect for human rights and protect civilians. 

‘Operation Caribe’ facilitated enhanced information sharing and coordinated rummage activities by 
Joint  Maritime  Control  Units  (JMCUs)  on  targeted  vessels  in  the  Caribbean  region.  This  operation 
aimed  to  intensify  law  enforcement  while  evaluating  the  strength  and  capacity  of  SEACOP’s 
Maritime Intelligence Units (MIUs) in real-time information sharing. 

EU Enlargement (Western Balkans, Türkiye, Ukraine, Republic of Moldova and 

4.4. 
Georgia) 

4.4.1. 

Introduction (policy developments) 

The  enlargement  process  entered  a  new  phase  with  fresh  momentum  in  2024.  Following  the 
December 2023 European Council decision to open negotiations with Ukraine and Moldova, the first 
intergovernmental conferences opening the negotiations with both countries were held on 25 June 
2024.  Subsequently,  the  Commission  started  the  bilateral  screening  meetings  that  are  now  in  full 
swing. Upon the Council decision recognising that Montenegro had met the interim benchmarks for 
the rule of law chapters 23 and 24, the intergovernmental conference on 26 June communicated the 
closing benchmarks for these two chapters. 

This  also  paved  the  way  to  provisionally  close  three  negotiating  chapters  (Chapter  7  –  Intellectual 
property law, Chapter 10 – Information society and media and Chapter 20 – Enterprise and industrial 
policy). 

The bilateral screening sessions were completed with both Albania and North Macedonia at the end 
of 2023. The  Fundamentals cluster was opened with Albania on 15 October 2024, followed by the 
external relations cluster on 17 December 2024. 

In  March  2024,  the  European  Council  decided  to  open  accession  negotiations  with  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina. The Commission was invited to prepare the negotiating framework with a view to its 
adoption by the Council the moment the country takes all relevant steps set out in the Commission’s 

119 

 
 
recommendation  of  October  2022(94).  In  December  2023,  the  European  Council granted  candidate 
status to Georgia. However, the course of action taken by the Georgian authorities since spring 2024 
jeopardises Georgia’s EU path, de facto halting the accession process. 

The Council remains aware of Kosovo’s membership application submitted in December 2022. 

The  European  Commission  examines  policy  developments  in  EU candidate countries  and  potential 
candidates on a recurring basis, and provides an assessment of the state of play  and the progress 
made  in  its  annual Enlargement  Package. The 2024  Enlargement  package  was  adopted  in October 
2024(95).  Enlargement  momentum  has  been  coupled  with  a  reinvigorated  engagement  with  the 
relevant partners, particularly through their progressive  integration into the EU single market. This 
integration  is  a  facilitator (and  not  an  alternative)  to  accession,  by  bringing  even  before  accession 
the tangible socio-economic benefits of EU membership to the enlargement countries that are ready 
in specific areas. To show its commitment to above-mentioned engagement, the EU has significantly 
boosted its financial support for partner countries. 

On 1 March 2024, the Ukraine Facility entered into force. Against the backdrop of Russia’s full-scale 
war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine,  this  financing  instrument  supports  Ukraine’s  efforts  to  sustain 
macro-financial  stability,  promote  its  recovery  and  support  reforms  with  a  view  to  future  EU 
membership. It will provide Ukraine with consistent, predictable and flexible support from 2024 to 
2027, conditional on the country meeting pre-agreed reform requirements. 

The Facility is endowed with EUR 50 billion in grants and loans, and its implementation is based on 
the Ukraine Plan (a reform and investment strategy) developed by the country and greenlighted by 
the Council on 14 May 2024. 

The Commission presented the Growth Plan for the Western Balkans in November 2023. The EUR 6 
billion  Reform  and  Growth  Facility,  an  integral element  of  the  Growth  Plan, entered  into  force  on 
25 May 2024. The new Growth Plan aims to complement the Economic and Investment Plan for the 
region, to help increase its economic convergence with the EU and accelerate reforms related to the 
fundamentals of the accession process. It provides for gradually integrating the region into specific 
areas of the  EU single market,  subject  to progress  in regional economic integration and alignment 
with the relevant EU acquis, as well as setting up sufficient administrative capacities and procedures. 

Based on the logic of the NextGeneration EU initiative and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, the 
Reform  and  Growth  Facility  will  further  incentivise  key  socio-economic  and  enlargement-related 
reforms  agreed  in  each  beneficiary’s  tailor-made,  ambitious  reform  agenda.  Upon  fulfilment  of 
reform  steps  and  essential  conditions,  financial  rewards  will  be  released  to  the  national  budgets, 
complemented  by  targeted  investment  in  the  green  and  digital  transitions,  the  private  sector  and 
human capital development through the Western Balkans Investment Framework. 

The  implementation  of  the  Growth  Plan  and  the  Facility  is  underway  and  has  led  to  a  significant 
political mobilisation in the region, recognising the substantive benefits the Growth Plan will bring. 
Five of the six beneficiaries(96) have submitted their reform agendas to date, and they were approved 

94 COM(2022) 528 final, 12 October 2022. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0528 
 This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on 
the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
95 COM(2024) 690 final, 30 October 2024. Commission adopts 2024 Enlargement Package - European Commission 
96 As of the date of writing, the following beneficiaries had submitted reform agendas: Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, 
North Macedonia, and Serbia. 

120 

 
 
 
by  the  Commission  in  October  2024.  The  corresponding  pre-financing  transfers  are  planned  to  be 
made when the Facility and the Loan agreements with each of the beneficiaries enter into force and 
the pre-financing conditions are met, including inter alia the upholding of democratic mechanisms, 
rule of law and respect for human rights, and – specifically for Serbia and Kosovo –constructive steps 
towards normalising their relations with one another. 

The  European  Commission  proposed  in  October  2024  a  dedicated  Growth  Plan  for  Moldova  to 
support its socio-economic reforms, investment and alignment with the EU  acquis and values. The 
related financial instrument is being finalised by the EU Council and European Parliament. 

Türkiye  is  a  candidate  country  and  a  key  partner  of  the  EU  in  many  areas  of  joint  interest,  and 
highlights  EU  accession  as  its  strategic  goal.  Nonetheless,  accession  negotiations  with  the  country 
have  been  at  a  standstill  since  2018,  in  line  with  the  decision  of  the  Council.  Following  up  on  the 
recommendations of the Joint Communication on the state of play of EU-Türkiye political, economic 
and  trade  relations(97),  the  implementation  of  its  recommendations  is  advancing,  in  line  with  the 
April 2024 European Council Conclusions(98), in a phased, proportionate and reversible manner. 

Under the EFSD+ and Turkyie Investment Plateform, EUR 90.5 million of garantees were allocated to 
Turkyie  under  7  projects  implemented  by  EBRD,  IFC,  AfD  and  KfW  to  support  SMEs,  renewable 
energy and energy efficiency.  

4.4.2. 

Implementation 

Throughout 2024, the EU intensified its use of available financial instruments (the Ukraine Facility, 
the  Instrument  for  Pre-accession  Assistance  (IPA  III),  NDICI-Global  Europe  and  the  Reform  and 
Growth Facility for the Western Balkans) to support the enlargement process and to speed up socio-
economic convergence, including by promoting sustainable investment through blending operations 
and budgetary guarantees channelled via international financial institutions (IFIs). 

In total the EU committed around EUR 5 581 million in the enlargement region. Additionally, the EU 
committed  EUR 1 070.7  million  in  61  blending  and  guarantee  operations.  These  operations  had  a 
total  expected  mobilised  investment  of  EUR 4 720.1  million.  Ukraine  (49%)  and  Serbia  (33%)  were 
the primary recipient  countries  of blending and guarantee operations, with investment  prioritising 
the transport (34%), private sector (27%) and energy (15%) sectors. 

Human development and inequalities 

The  EU  supports  enlargement  partners  in  developing  their  human  capital,  focusing  on  education, 
skills, employment, health, social protection and inclusion. 

In  the  Western  Balkans,  the  College  of  Europe  opened  a  new  campus  in  Tirana,  focusing  on 
European integration and policies. Supported by the EU, this initiative strengthens ties between the 
EU  and  the  Western  Balkans,  fostering  regional  stability  and  integration.  The  fourth  ‘Bridging  the 
Gap’  event,  jointly  organised  by  the  European  Commission  and  the  European  Parliament’s  Young 
Political Leaders Programme, brought together MEPs and youth organisations to discuss key issues 
such as youth policies, EU enlargement and the impact of the green and digital transitions. 

97 JOIN(2023) 50 final, 29 November 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023JC0050 
98  Council  Conclusions  EUCO  12/24  of  18 April 2024.  https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/m5jlwe0p/euco-
conclusions-20240417-18-en.pdf 

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The EU has also invested in strengthening health systems in the Western Balkans, allocating EUR 7 
million since 2021 to enhance emergency response capacities, reform health financing and increase 
vaccination  levels.  In  North  Macedonia,  the  Youth  Guarantee  programme  has  shown  promising 
results, with 21 300 participants in 2024 and a success rate of 38.2% in achieving employment and 
social inclusion. 

The EU has also supported  initiatives aimed at empowering women with minority backgrounds, in 
the Western Balkans and Türkiye, such as the ‘Romani women power of change’ project, which aims 
to increase participation by Roma women in local decision-making and education. 

In the Eastern Partnership region, the EU has launched the Supporting Education Reforms and Skills 
(SER)  programme.  This  programme  has  demonstrated  significant  progress  and  benefits  within  its 
first  year  of  implementation,  with  diagnostic  assessments  being  completed  in  Moldova  and  key 
findings and recommendations being shared at high-level policy dialogues and national events. 

Green Deal 

The  EU  is  committed  to  supporting  the  energy  sector  in  enlargement  partner  countries  and 
territories,  with  a  focus  on  reducing  energy  dependency  and  promoting  sustainable  development. 
Through targeted programmes and investment, the EU aims to diversify energy sources and supply 
routes, deploy renewable energy and synchronise electricity markets. 

Under  the  EU4  Energy  Transition  project, the  EU  has  allocated  EUR 8 million  to  help  20  cities  and 
towns  in  the  Western  Balkans  and  Türkiye  develop  and  implement  energy  and  climate  action 
measures focusing on local solutions for energy efficiency and renewable energy. In Albania, the Vau 
i Dejës Floating Solar project, commenced in November 2024, will install a 12.9 megawatt floating 
solar photovoltaic power plant, the first of its kind in the region. 

In  2024,  for  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  the  EU  granted  over  EUR 17  million  for  renovations  and 
investment in water and sanitation facilities in 16 municipalities and is also supporting a project to 
improve flood risk management. In Kosovo, the EU has improved the energy efficiency of 84 public 
buildings,  including  schools  and  municipal  buildings  in  partnership  with  the  World  Bank  and  the 
Kosovo  Energy  Efficiency  Fund.  In  Serbia,  the  ‘EU  Green  Agenda  for  Serbia’  platform  has  made 
significant  progress  in  reforestation  and  conservation,  with  173  hectares  reforested  and  positive 
impacts on 200 endangered species and 216 habitats. 

The EU4Environment programme promotes sustainable consumption and production in the Eastern 
Neighbourhood by increasing awareness and adoption of circular economy principles. It has aligned 
legislation  with  EU  standards  in  green  procurement,  waste  management  and  extended  producer 
responsibility  in  Georgia,  Moldova,  and  Ukraine.  Moldova  has  introduced  its  own  eco-label  and 
incorporated  sustainability  criteria  into  public  procurement.  In  Ukraine,  nine  companies  have 
implemented  Resource  Efficient  and  Cleaner  Production  measures,  resulting  in  annual  savings  of 
around EUR 200 000. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

The  EU  is  committed  to  fostering  sustainable  growth  and  creating  jobs  in  its  partners.  Through 
targeted initiatives and programmes, the EU is working to promote economic development, improve 
trade and investment opportunities and support entrepreneurship and innovation. 

The  regional  programme  supporting  the  Central  European  Free  Trade  Area  (CEFTA)  Secretariat, 
funded  with  EUR 4  million  since  2022,  facilitates  trade  negotiations  and  strengthens  trade 

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surveillance in the Western Balkans and Moldova. In 2024, CEFTA adopted nine new agreements to 
boost trade, jobs and consumer rights. 

Under  the  EU4Culture  programme,  the  Progress  Foundation’s  ‘Artisans  between  Past  and  Future’ 
initiative  offers  training  sessions  for  women  artisans  in  Albania,  focusing  on  digital  marketing  to 
preserve  cultural  heritage  and  empower  artisans.  In  Kosovo,  the  Start-up  Acceleration  Support 
Project  (STAR  UP!)  supported  28  start-ups,  facilitated  over  1 000  B2B  connections,  and  enabled 
access to global platforms, strengthening the start-up ecosystem. In Türkiye, the EU-funded Facility 
for Refugees has created over 20 500 jobs. 

Under  the  new  Ukraine  Investment  Framework  EUR 940  million  in  EU  guarantees,  coupled  with 
EUR 400  million  in  blended  finance  grants,  were  mobilised  with  the  aim  to  unlock  EUR 6  billion  in 
investment,  benefiting  private  companies,  micro-,  small,  and  medium-sized  enterprises, 
municipalities and state-owned enterprises in Ukraine. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

Digitalisation  and  the  digital  transition  are  crucial  components  of  the  common  regional  market 
action  plan  for  the  Western  Balkans.  The  plan  focuses  on  four  key  pillars  of  the  Digital  Compass: 
digital skills; secure and sustainable digital infrastructures (including roaming); digital transformation 
of businesses; and digitalisation of public services. To accelerate the digital transition in the Western 
Balkans,  the  Commission  adopted  the  EU4Digital  programme  in  2024,  allocating  EUR 15  million  in 
funding from IPA III, with a focus on pillars 2, 3 and 4. 

In  Albania,  the  EU  is  establishing  684  Smart  ICT  Labs  in  627  schools  to  enhance  computer 
programming  skills  for  students.  Moreover,  the  EU4Municipalities  programme  in  Albania,  which 
concluded  in  July  2024,  supported  19  municipalities  with  EUR 1.7  million  in  investment  grants, 
improving 
inclusion,  culture,  environmental 
protection, youth empowerment and local economic development, benefiting over 49 332 citizens. 

infrastructure  and  services 

in  education,  social 

The EU is financing a EUR 22.9 million wastewater treatment plant in Podgorica, Montenegro, along 
with  a  sludge  incineration  plant  and  sewerage  network  extension.  This  project  will  improve 
wastewater  management,  health  conditions  and  quality  of  life,  while  also  creating  jobs  and 
stimulating  economic  growth.  IPA  III  supports  various  digital  initiatives,  including  the  ‘Rural 
Broadband  Roll-out  Phase  2’  in  Serbia,  which  connects  815  settlements,  305  schools  and  128 000 
rural households to the existing fibre backbone. 

In  2024,  Ukraine  adopted  a  long-term  national  strategic  plan  for  digital  development,  digital 
transformation  and  digitalisation  of  the  State  Customs  Service,  with  the  EU  technical  expertise 
support.  The  EU  collaborates  with  Black  Sea  neighbours  through  the  Common  Maritime  Agenda, 
with the EU4EMBLAS project improving marine environment monitoring in Georgia and supporting 
Ukraine through art and science initiatives like ‘Black Sea diaries’. 

Migration and forced displacement 

EU  assistance  in  the  Western  Balkans  is  in  line  with  the  Pact  on  Migration  and  Asylum(99),  the 
Western Balkans Action Plan(100) and the EU strategy on voluntary return and reintegration. Between 
2021 and 2024, the EU  has adopted EUR 350 million in financial support for migration and border 

99 COM(2020) 609 final, 23 September 2020. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0609 
100 EU Action Plan on the Western Balkans 

123 

 
 
 
management  in  the  Western  Balkans,  focusing  on  implementing  protection-sensitive  migration 
systems,  migration  statistics,  asylum  and  reception  systems,  returns  management,  alternatives  to 
detention and legal protection for victims of human trafficking. 

Key agencies Frontex, Europol and the EU Agency for Asylum (EUAA) play a crucial role in bringing 
the region closer to the EU. Throughout 2023, a total of 64 115 migrants were registered as staying 
in the four EU-funded temporary reception centres in the Una-Sana and Sarajevo cantons, with an 
additional  13 000  estimated  outside  centres.  In  North  Macedonia,  Frontex  conducted  an  in-depth 
review, which provided an implementation plan to develop IT systems that are interoperable with 
EU IT systems and communication infrastructure to identify and register migration flows, in line with 
EU requirements. 

In 2024, the EU continued to deliver on its commitment to support Türkiye in its efforts to host some 
3  million  refugees,  allocating  an  additional  EUR 1  billion  in  2024  to  provide  basic  needs, 
healthcare(101),  educational  support  and  social  cohesion  assistance.  Support  also  included  a 
substantial allocation to strengthen Türkiye’s capacity to manage migration and control its borders. 
Support continued to be delivered in accordance with the March 2016 EU-Türkiye Statement(102). It 
allows nearly 1.6 million refugees to meet their basic needs, has provided some 40.7 million primary 
healthcare  consultations,  has  mobilised  3 700  healthcare  staff,  upgraded  603  healthcare  facilities 
and  built  two  major  hospitals,  provided  close  to  1  million  refugees  with  protection  services,  and 
provided approximately 834 000 refugee children with access to formal education and built 176 new 
schools. 

Comprehensive migration and border management remain key priorities  for the  EU in the  Eastern 
Partnership  region,  particularly  in  the  candidate  countries.  In  Ukraine,  the  EU  supported  border 
management  continuity  and  strengthened  Ukrainian  border  management  agencies  through  the 
Integrated Border Management programme. 

Moldova faces the highest rates of labour and youth emigration in Europe. Since the start of the war 
in  Ukraine,  it  has  also  seen  an  unprecedented  influx  of  refugees,  hosting  the  highest  number  of 
refugees per capita in Europe, with a significant proportion of women and children. The EU has been 
helping  the  newly  established  General  Inspectorate  for  Migration  implement  its  internal  affairs 
strategy for 2022-2023.  Given  the specific refugees’ profile  (mainly women and children,  including 
unaccompanied  minors),  immediate  preventive  measures  were  set  up  to  disrupt  organised  crime 
engaged in traffic of human beings and/or identified victims of gender based violence. Gender based 
violence  (GBV)  response  for  refugees  in  Moldova  is  coordinated  through  the  GBV  Sub-Working 
Group  under  the  Refugee  Coordination  Forum,  co-led  by  the  Ministry  of  Labour  and  Social 
Protection  and  UNHCR.  While  all  GBV  shelters  are  open  to  refugees,  Moldova  currently  has  only 
around  180  shelter  places,  below  the  Istanbul  Convention  benchmark  of  250,  leaving  gaps  in 
protection. Local NGOs and international partners help fill these gaps with counselling, legal aid, and 
small-scale shelters, many supported by EU and UN funding. 

101 Including ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights’ related services.  As noted in the Facility Monitoring Report No. 
13  (December  2024),  the  Sexual  and  Reproductive  Health  and  Family  Planning  awareness-raising  activities  have 
contributed to a significant reduction in the proportion of reproductive-age refugee women expressing an unmet need for 
reproductive health services. 
102 EU-Turkey statement, 18 March 2016 - Consilium 

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Governance, peace and security 

The EU‘s enlargement agenda is built on the foundation of fundamental democratic and rule-of-law 
reforms,  which  are  crucial  for  enlargement  partners  to  progress  towards  EU  membership.  These 
reforms  focus  on  key  areas  such  as  justice  reform,  combating  corruption  and  organised  crime, 
ensuring  democratic  elections  and  parliamentary  oversight,  protecting  fundamental  rights  and 
freedoms and promoting good governance. 

The ongoing war in Ukraine has underscored the critical importance of unity and close cooperation 
within the EU and with its closest partners on security and defence issues. In 2024, the EU adopted 
Security  and  Defence  Partnerships  with  Moldova,  Albania,  and  North  Macedonia,  reflecting  the 
determination of all parties to address shared security challenges in an increasingly complex global 
environment. 

In addition, overall support provided under the European Peace Facility (EPF) amounted in 2024 to 
EUR 61  million  for  the  Western  Balkans,  EUR 137  million  for  Moldova,  and  EUR 62.75  million  for 
Georgia. In the case of Ukraine, support provided through the EPF amounted to EUR 6.1 billion. In 
July 2024, the EU also made available to Ukraine the first payment of EUR 1.5 billion of extraordinary 
revenues generated from immobilised Russian sovereign assets, accrued in 2024 (EUR 1.4 billion for 
the European Peace Facility support to Ukraine, and EUR 100 million for the Ukraine Facility). 

In  the Western  Balkans,  IPA  III  support  has continued  to  strengthen  alignment  with  the  EU  acquis 
and  improved  performance  in  key  areas,  including  through  hands-on  support  to  organised  crime 
investigations and prosecutions, capacity building of law enforcement bodies in addition to practical 
exercises in areas such as seizure of virtual currencies and identifying illicit goods at border crossings 
and  at  airports,  as  well  as  continued  support  in  enforcing  accountability  for  past  crimes  and 
reconciliation. 

Regarding the media, EU assistance continued to enhance the media environment by ensuring the 
safety  of  journalists,  promoting  public  service  media,  combating  disinformation,  improving  media 
governance,  ensuring  quality  production  and  fostering  regional  media  networks.  In  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina, the EU, in partnership with the Council of Europe, supported the first-ever training of 
police officers from Brčko District on hate crime and hate speech towards the LGBTI+ community. In 
Kosovo, the National Centralised Criminal Record (NCCR) has successfully reformed court operations 
by providing a quick, secure, centralised and modern service to citizens. 

In North Macedonia, the  new Law  on Whistleblower Protection was  drafted and submitted to the 
Government  for  approval.  In  Serbia,  IT  equipment  was  provided  to  the  National  Anti-trafficking 
Coordination Office (NATCO), the National Rapporteur on human trafficking, the Centre for Human 
Trafficking  Victim  Protection  and  the  NGO  ASTRA.  This  equipment  strengthens  their  capacities  in 
monitoring and reporting human trafficking and protecting victims. In Türkiye, the EU supported the 
adoption  of  a  new  national  action  plan  against  trafficking  in  human  beings  and  multiple  anti-
trafficking actions, as well as the launch of a grant scheme for legal aid services to vulnerable women 
(e.g.,  old,  with  disabilities,  migrant,  single  mothers,  women  who  cannot  leave  the  house  due  the 
care responsibilities/perpetraton),  and the training of 586 lawyers on women’s access to justice. 

Territorial and cross-border cooperation 

Good neighbourly relations and regional cooperation are essential to the EU enlargement process.  

Territorial  cooperation  programmes  enable  candidate  countries  to  work  together  and  with 
neighbouring  EU  Member  States  in  key  social  and  economic  sectors.  More  specifically,  Interreg 

125 

 
 
cooperation  programmes  in  cohesion  policy,  create  opportunities  for  dialogue,  cooperation  and 
development at local level, with the involvement of communities, the private sector and civil society 
organisations. The EU macro-regional strategies for the Adriatic and Ionian Region and the Danube 
Region have continued promoting cooperation between Member States and candidate countries for 
the development, cohesion and decreasing of disparities in these two macro-regions, with the goal 
of  unlocking  their economic  and  social  potential,  fostering  administrative  capacity on  different  EU 
policies  and  promoting  development  projects  in  key  areas.  This  unique  learning  by  doing  that 
Interreg  and  the  macro-regional  strategies  offer  candidate  countries,  in  addition  to  the  targeted 
capacity building they provide, make them crucial contributors to the preparations for enlargement.  

Between 2021 and 2024, approximately EUR 500.8 million was committed to support territorial and 
cross-border  cooperation  (CBC)  programmes,  which  account  for  around  5%  of  the  total  EU  funds 
under  the  IPA  III  instrument.  By  2024,  over  2 100  organisations,  including  local  and  national 
government  bodies, civil society groups and businesses,  had participated in cross-border networks 
and partnerships. This collaboration has led to the creation of 1 185 new jobs and the establishment 
of 459 new businesses. 

The  CBC  programmes  are  focused  on  critical  areas  such  as  resilience  and  disaster  prevention, 
environmental protection, equal opportunities  and anti-discrimination efforts, clean energy, public 
health,  entrepreneurship  and  professional  training  for  young  people.  Notable  projects  funded 
through  the  cross-border programmes  between candidate countries  include enhancing community 
resilience to natural and man-made disasters, as well as climate change challenges, along the border 
between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. 

Furthermore, investment in youth, education and skills aims to mitigate negative migration impacts 
in  Serbia  and  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  while  vocational  training  supports  youth  and  vulnerable 
individuals in Montenegro and Kosovo. Capacities  for reproductive  health are being built  in Serbia 
and Montenegro, and efforts are underway to promote culture and natural heritage for sustainable 
tourism development in Serbia and North Macedonia, as well as Montenegro and Albania. 

To strengthen oversight of EU funds management, Moldova established a National Working Group in 
the  start  of  2024.  This  group,  comprising  representatives  from  key  ministries  and  government 
agencies,  fosters 
inter-regional 
cooperation programmes. 

improved  coordination  of  cross-border,  transnational  and 

Food security and nutrition 

The EU is working to enhance food security and nutrition in its enlargement partners by promoting 
best practices in food safety and sustainable agriculture. 

In  2024,  the  EU  committed  EUR 12.5  million  to  help  Albania  align  its  food  safety  policies  with  EU 
standards,  ensuring  the  highest  levels  of  consumer  protection.  In  Kosovo,  the  EU  has  helped 
establish  five  Regional  Offices  to  strengthen  the  implementation  of  food  safety  measures  and 
protect public health. Meanwhile, in North Macedonia, the EU’s IPARD III programme is promoting 
sustainable agriculture and rural development, supporting farmers and irrigation schemes to boost 
the country’s economic potential. 

In Serbia, the EU is funding the ANTARES project, under Horizon 2020, which aims to establish the 
BioSense  Institute  as  a  European  Centre  of  Excellence  for  sustainable  agriculture,  leveraging 
advanced technologies to drive innovation in the sector. In Moldova, following the 2023 reform of 

126 

 
 
the  National  Agency  for  Food  Safety,  the  EU  has  supported  the  implementation  of  a  Human 
Resources Development Strategy 2024-2027 and a training programme. 

In  veterinary  policy,  a  new  law  was  adopted  on  transmissible  animal  diseases,  enhancing  the 
implementing  EU 
country’s  surveillance  systems  and  diagnostic  capabilities,  successfully 
programmes  for  African  swine  fever  and  rabies  prevention  and  improving  avian  flu  detection  and 
response. 

Case study 

Fostering regional integration and leadership through education: 

College of Europe - Tirana campus 

In  line  with  the  EU’s  commitment  to  promoting  regional  stability  and  integration,  the  College  of 
Europe’s  new  campus in Tirana, Albania, represents a significant  milestone  in EU-Western Balkans 
cooperation. 

The  establishment  of  the  Tirana  campus  was  a  key  outcome  of  the  2022  EU-Western  Balkans 
Summit, where leaders agreed to strengthen ties between the EU and the Western Balkans through 
education  and  cultural  exchange.  The  campus  is  the  third  location  for  the  College  of  Europe, 
following Bruges and Natolin. 

The  Tirana  campus  offers  a  master’s  programme  in  European  Transformation  and  Integration, 
providing  students  from  the  Western  Balkans  and  the  EU with  a  unique  opportunity  to  live,  study 
and learn together. The programme aims to promote mutual understanding, foster regional stability 
and  prepare  future  leaders  for  European  integration.  The  EU  supports  the  campus  with  a  EUR 2.6 
million grant, covering operational costs and scholarships for 15 Western Balkan students over three 
years, promoting diversity and inclusivity. 

Key achievements: 

1. The Tirana campus was officially opened in October 2024, with an inaugural class of 32 students 
from the Western Balkans and the EU. 

2.  The  new  master’s  programme  provides  students  with  a  comprehensive  understanding  of 
European integration and policies. 

3. The EU’s support for the campus will enable the provision of scholarships for 15 Western Balkan 
students, promoting diversity and inclusivity. 

The Tirana campus is expected to have  a significant impact on promoting regional integration and 
stability in the Western Balkans. By providing a platform for students from the region to engage with 
their EU counterparts, the campus will foster mutual understanding, promote cultural exchange and 
prepare future leaders for European integration. As noted by President von der Leyen, the campus 
represents a ‘watershed moment for Europe’ and a step towards ‘reunification’ of the continent. 

In  addition  to  the  Tirana  campus,  a  new  programme  for  junior  diplomats  from  the  enlargement 
region has officially started with the College of Europe (in Bruges) in 2024 and will train them in the 
field of the EU’s external action, to develop and promote a common understanding on the EU’s role 
in the world. 

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4.4.3.  Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

Throughout  2024,  the  Western  Balkans  experienced  a  series  of  climate-related  disasters,  with  an 
especially  severe  wildfire  season  affecting  the  region  during  the  summer  of  2024.  To  support 
response efforts, firefighting aircraft were deployed to Albania and North Macedonia, who activated 
the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) four and two times, respectively. 

Additionally,  in  response  to  severe  flash  flooding  and  a  landslide  in  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  four 
search-and-rescue  teams  were  mobilised,  along  with  shelter  items  and  pumps  from  eight  EU 
Member States and UCPM Participating States. 

Furthermore,  a  special  measure  on  recovery  from  flooding  was  adopted  in  December  2024, 
allocating EUR 20 million to assist Bosnia and Herzegovina in the recovery efforts in the aftermath of 
floods and landslides, to re-establish vital public and private infrastructure and delivery of services. 

Türkiye is hosting some 3.1 million registered refugees, of which about 2.9 million are from Syria and 
some  222 000  refugees  from  other  countries,  mainly  Afghanistan,  Iraq,  and  Iran.  Most  live  in 
protracted  displacement.  Despite  the  integration  of  the  refugees  into  public  social  services  and 
support  schemes,  humanitarian  needs  persist.  In  2024,  the  EU  allocated  EUR 26  million  in 
humanitarian aid in Türkiye, mainly in the protection, education and health sectors. 

implementing  activities 

in  the  region.  The  On-Site  Assistance  (OSA)  project 

As regards UCPM regional cooperation, the regional initiatives that were launched in 2023 continued 
in  the 
with 
Mediterranean  (MENA  countries),  Western  Balkans  and  Türkiye  was  extended  to  the  Eastern 
Neighbourhood and topped up with EUR 900 000. The programme provides technical support to the 
national  civil  protection  authorities  in  the  region  in  building  their  disaster  risk  prevention, 
preparedness,  and  response,  as  well  as  interactions  with  the  UCPM.  Discussions  on  the  UCPM 
financial contribution for 2020-2027 were  finalised with Turkish authorities at political, managerial 
and technical level, with the aim of reaching a financial agreement aligned with other enlargement 
participating states. 

Several civil protection programmes are currently ongoing, including a multi-country study covering 
the region. The study will identify cross-border and regional risks, and gaps in addressing those risks. 
The  study  will  further  help  define  priorities  for  future  EU  action  and  projects  in  the  regions.  The 
regional programme for the Western Balkans and Türkiye IPA CARE (Capacity for Risk Management 
of Earthquakes and Health Emergencies) continued with implementation in enhancing capacities in 
prevention, preparedness and response to earthquakes and health emergencies. Finally, the regional 
programme  IPA  Forest  Fires  and  Floods,  covering  Western  Balkans  and  Türkiye,  was  successfully 
completed in 2024. 

4.4.4.  Crisis response and preparedness 

The EU continued to respond to emerging and ongoing crises in the enlargement countries. 

Crisis response continued to respond to the war in Ukraine with six crisis response packages. 

The  activities  in  Ukraine  focused  on  energy  and  societal  resilience,  further  provision  of  satellite 
imagery  and  continued  demining  action.  On  demining,  the  adoption  of  the  National  Mine  Action 
Strategy was a particular milestone achieved with EU assistance; its implementation had already led 
to successes returning contaminated land to productive use. By focusing on assessments and survey, 
Ukraine reduced the hazardous area from 174 000 km2 to 139 000 km2 between 2023 and 2024. 

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Assistance  also  continued  on  accountability,  with  support  to  both  international  (ICC,  ICPA)  and 
national  (notably  Office  of  the  Prosecutor  General)  efforts  for  war  crimes  prosecution  and 
investigation. Assistance included also the delivery of key material like robotic mine clearing systems 
and vehicles for investigating teams. Outreach to global partners was firmly established and began 
yielding  results  such  as  the  Bring  Kids  Back  events  in  summer  2024  drawing  attention  to  children 
forcefully abducted by Russia. 

In  Moldova,  the  focus  was  on  implementation  of  EU  support  for  cyber  security,  social  resilience, 
strategic communication and independent media. This was especially important in the context of the 
election  cycle  in  the  country  and  the  intensified  Russian  hybrid  threats  and  attacks,  which  also 
highlighted economic vulnerabilities. 

The  EU  Advisory  Mission  for  Civilian  Security  Sector  Reform  in  Ukraine  (EUAM  Ukraine)  assists 
Ukraine in the field of civilian security sector reform, including police and the rule of law. In 2024, 
the mandate of the Mission has been amended to include support for the smooth re-establishment 
of the Ukrainian government functions and the rule of law in liberated areas and a contribution to 
the  international efforts  to  ensure  accountability  for  international  crimes  by  providing  support  for 
investigating and prosecuting them. 

The  EU  supports  Ukraine’s  efforts  to  combat  illicit  trafficking  in  small  arms  and  light  weapons 
(SALW)  including  firearms,  ammunition  and  explosives,  in  cooperation  with  the  Organisation  for 
Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the South-eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse 
for the Control of small arms and light weapons (UNDP-SEESAC), thus enhancing the operational and 
supervisory  capacities  of  national  authorities,  improving  the  legislative  and  regulatory  framework 
and raising public awareness. 

Following  the  adoption  of  the  SALW  roadmap  for  the  Western  Balkans  in  December  2018  and  its 
effective implementation until 2024, all six Western Balkans partners now have SALW strategies in 
place  and  have  adapted  their  national  legislation  to  align  with  EU  legislation.  This  is  an  important 
part of strong EU security engagement with the region. 

In 2024, the EU Partnership Mission in Moldova (EUPM Moldova) helped increase the resilience of 
the  security  sector  in  Moldova  in  the  areas  of  crisis  management  and  hybrid  threats,  including 
cybersecurity and countering foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI), by providing 
advice at strategic level on the development of strategies and policies for countering hybrid threats 
and FIMI. 

In  2024,  the  EU  Monitoring  Mission  in  Georgia  (EUMM  Georgia)  continued  to  provide  civilian 
monitoring  of  Parties’  actions,  including  full  compliance  with  the  six-point  Agreement  and 
subsequent 
to  stabilisation, 
normalisation  and  confidence  building  whilst  also  contributing  to  informing  European  policy  in 
support of a durable political solution for Georgia. 

implementing  measures 

throughout  Georgia, 

to  contribute 

Russia’s  invasion  of  Ukraine  also  had  implications  for  the  Western  Balkans  region,  where  hybrid 
threats  have  significantly  intensified.  In  this  context,  the  EU  has  stepped  up  its  crisis  response 
initiatives in the areas of disinformation and cyber security. 

The EU-Western Balkans Literacy Conference and the Connecting Communities Event organised by 
the  European  External  Action  Service  in  Pristina  in  October  2024  brought  together  journalists  and 
media professionals from across the world to strengthen capacity in countering FIMI and promote 
collaboration. 

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In 2024, the EU Ambassador in Kosovo – who is also the EU Special Representative for Kosovo and 
Head of the EU Office there  –  supported Kosovo’s European perspective  and rapprochement with 
the  EU,  in  line  with  its  regional  perspective,  in  accordance  with  the  Stabilisation  and  Association 
Agreement, through targeted public communication and EU outreach activities designed to ensure a 
broader understanding and support from the Kosovo public on issues related to the EU. 

Strategic  policy  advice  was  provided  through  the  dedicated  EU  Office  rule  of  law  team,  offering 
targeted  support  to  the  Kosovo  rule  of  law  institutions,  to  strengthen  their  capacity  and  ensure 
improved  compliance  with  EU  standards,  particularly 
integrity,  efficiency, 
accountability and transparency as well as through a legislative review mechanism. The Mutual Legal 
Assistance  mechanism  facilitated  judicial  cooperation  between  Kosovo  and  countries  who  do  not 
recognise the territory. 

in  the  areas  of 

In 2024, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX Kosovo) continued to support 
selected Kosovo rule of law institutions on their path towards increased effectiveness, sustainability, 
multiethnicity  and  accountability,  free  from  political  interference  and  in  full  compliance  with 
international human rights standards and best European practices through monitoring activities and 
limited executive functions (second security responder after Kosovo Police). 

EULEX Kosovo also supported the re-located judicial proceedings within a Member State (the Kosovo 
Specialist  Chambers),  to  prosecute  and  adjudicate  criminal  charges  arising  from  the  investigation 
into the allegations raised in a report entitled ‘Inhuman treatment of people and illicit trafficking in 
human  organs  in  Kosovo’(103)  released  on  12 December  2010  by  the  Special  Rapporteur  for  the 
Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights of the Council of Europe. 

In 2024, the  EU Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina  supported domestic efforts in 
line with European standards for further constitutional and electoral reforms to ensure equality and 
non-discrimination of all citizens, monitored the executive and legislative authorities at all levels of 
government, and liaised with the authorities and political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 

In  2024,  the  EU  Special  Representative  for  the  Belgrade-Pristina  Dialogue  and  other  Western 
Balkan regional issues  continued with efforts to achieve comprehensive normalisation of relations 
between Serbia and Kosovo, improve good neighbourly relations and promote reconciliation. 

4.5. 

European Neighbourhood 

4.5.1.  European Neighbourhood East 

4.5.1.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

In the Eastern Neighbourhood (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus), 2024 
continued  to  be  marked  by  Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
deepening of EU’s relations with several eastern partner countries on the other hand. EU relations 
with  Ukraine  and  Moldova  entered  a  new  phase  guided  by  the  EU’s  enlargement  policy  and 
alignment with the EU acquis. 

103 Dick Marty, Inhuman treatment of people and illicit trafficking in human organs in Kosovo, AS/Jur (2010) 46, Council of 
Europe: Parliamentary Assembly, 12 December 2010, 
https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/coepace/2010/en/98812 
. 

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Despite  more  diverse  political  choices  by  partner  countries  in  the  region,  all  Eastern  Partnership 
partners  (in  the  case  of  Belarus  through  its  civil  society)  continued  to  benefit  from  the  Eastern 
Partnership (EaP) policy framework. The Eastern Partnership remains a strong policy initiative that 
seeks  to  enhance  cooperation  and  provides  support  to  critical  reforms  across  the  Eastern 
Neighbourhood,  including  through  regional  cooperation  formats.  In  2024,  resilience  building 
remained a critical area of EU support in the Eastern Partnership agenda. 

The  EU  continued  to  promote  security,  stability  and  peace  in  the  region,  including  supporting  the 
normalisation process between Armenia and Azerbaijan, together with promoting a regional policy 
that  accompanies  Moldova  and  Ukraine  as  they  advance  on  the  EU  enlargement  path.  In  several 
countries  of  the  Eastern  Neighbourhood,  civil  society  organisations  face  increased  barriers,  while 
human rights defenders are often under threat and attack. Regional Eastern Partnership initiatives 
provide opportunities for continued engagement with Georgian, Azerbaijani and Belarusian society. 

The  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Eastern  Partnership  remains  the  key  instrument 
leveraging  investment  in  the  region,  mobilising  EUR 13  billion  since  2021,  further  boosting  socio-
economic development and connectivity. Wider cooperation with the Western Balkans, Central Asia 
and other countries of the Black Sea region has been increasingly reflected in EaP events. 

EU-Armenia relations continued to experience unprecedented momentum in 2024. Armenia made 
significant progress on its EU-supported reform agenda. In the summer of 2024, the EU and Armenia 
launched  negotiations  for  a  new  EU-Armenia  Partnership  Agenda,  setting  ambitious  priority 
objectives for cooperation across all sectors. To underpin the Agenda, the Commission announced a 
EUR 270  million  resilience  and  growth  plan  for  Armenia  (2024-2027),  increasing  EU  assistance  to 
Armenia by 50%. 

The EU provided a first assistance worth EUR 10 million under the European Peace Facility. The EU 
launched  a  visa  liberalisation  dialogue  in  September  (by  Vice-President  Schinas  during  his  visit  to 
Yerevan), serving as a strong incentive for reforms and delivering on yet another long-time ask from 
Yerevan. The EU continued to support the integration of Karabakh Armenians. 

The EU continued its support for humanitarian demining, as the  largest  international donor in this 
field  in  Azerbaijan.  Since  2020,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  have  committed  around  EUR 22.8 
million  for  demining  in  Azerbaijan  through  a  TEI.  This  includes  an  additional  EUR 10  million 
announced for 2024-2025, announced in 2024. The EU supported efforts to reach a deal as part of 
COP29 hosted in Baku in November 2024.  Azerbaijan did not sign the financing agreement for the 
AAP  for  2023.  The  EU  continued  to  stress  the  importance  of  human  rights,  gender  equality,  civil 
society, and freedom of expression and assembly, and has remained the largest donor to civil society 
in Azerbaijan. 

The  EU  has  also  played  a  central  role  in  facilitating  the  Azerbaijan-Armenia  peace  talks, 
demonstrating its commitment to a peaceful and prosperous South Caucasus. In this context, a new 
full-fledged civilian EU Mission to Armenia (EUMA) was launched in February 2023, with a two-year 
mandate. The mission is tasked to observe and report on the situation on the ground, contribute to 
human  security  in  conflict-affected  areas  and  contribute  to  building  confidence.  The  mission  was 
strengthened in 2024 following a decision by the Council in December 2023. 

In  Belarus,  the  rampant  repression of  all segments of  Belarusian  society continued.  There  are  still 
around 1 300 political prisoners in detention, subjected to torture and ill treatment. Many have been 
held  incommunicado  for  months.  In  2024,  the  EU  allocated  an  additional  EUR 30  million  for  the 
support of Belarusian civil society and democratic forces. The EU hosted for the first time the Belarus 

131 

 
 
Days’  event  in  Brussels,  to  highlight  efforts  made  since  2020  to  support  a  democratic  Belarus 
through a series of cultural and political activities. 

The  democratic  backsliding  in  Georgia  led  to  the  de  facto  halting  of  the  EU  accession  process.  In 
reaction  to  the  adoption  of  the  foreign  influence  law  in  June  2024,  the  EU  suspended  political 
contacts  with,  and  financial  assistance  to,  the  authorities.  Georgia  entered  a  major  political  crisis 
following  the  contested  parliamentary  elections  of  26 October  2024.  The  ruling  Georgian  Dream 
party’s  announcement  on  28 November  2024  of  its  decision  to  suspend  EU  accession  until  2028 
sparked  massive  protests,  which  have  been  violently  repressed  by  the  authorities,  with  numerous 
reported cases of arbitrary arrests and violence. The EU condemned the violence and called on the 
authorities to reverse their course of actions, free all those arbitrarily detained, withdraw restrictive 
legislation and re-engage on the EU path. 

EU-Moldova  relations  are  at  an  all  time-high.  Accession  negotiations  with  Moldova  were  formally 
launched at the first intergovernmental conference (IGC) in June 2024. Bilateral screening meetings, 
aimed  at  assessing  Moldova’s  alignment  with  the  EU  acquis,  have  been  ongoing  since  July  2024. 
Moldova’s commitment to reforms remained strong. In October/November 2024, Moldovans voted 
in  favour  of  a  referendum  enshrining  EU  accession  in  Moldova’s  constitution  and  re-elected  Maia 
Sandu as President. Both votes saw unprecedented Russian interference, with Moldovan authorities 
successfully  tackling  anti-EU  disinformation  campaigns,  illicit  financing  and  direct  vote-buying,  as 
well as a range of other hybrid attacks. 

The  EU  remained  the  largest  donor  in  Moldova.  In  October  2024,  during  her  visit  to  Chisinau, 
President von der Leyen announced the Moldova Growth Plan – the largest ever financial package 
for  the  country  which  will  amount  to  EUR 1.9  billion.  EU-Moldova  cooperation  on  security  and 
defence  continued  to  intensify,  as  highlighted  by  the  signing  of  the  EU-Moldova  Security  and 
Defence  Partnership  in  May  2024.  Moldova  was  the  first  partner  country  to  sign  this  type  of 
partnership,  which  provides  a  solid  framework  for  advancing  cooperation  and  exploring  further 
engagement  opportunities.  Support  from  the  European  Peace  Facility  (EPF)  amounts  to  EUR 137 
million for 2021-2024, making Moldova the second largest bilateral recipient after Ukraine. The EU 
Partnership  Mission  (EUPM),  established 
in  crisis 
management and hybrid threat response. 

in  2023,  supports  Moldovan  authorities 

Throughout  2024,  the  EU  increased  its  political,  military,  financial,  humanitarian,  legal  and 
diplomatic  support  to  Ukraine  and  the  Ukrainian  people.  By  the  end  of  2024,  EU’s  support 
amounted  to  over  EUR 130  billion.  This  included  a  EUR 25.2  billion  package  of  macro-financial 
assistance, including an EUR 18 billion package for 2023 (MFA+), making the EU the major source for 
Ukraine budget funding that year. Furthermore, EUR 19.6 billion were mobilised and EUR 16.4 billion 
disbursed  under  the  Ukraine  Facility  in  2024.  The  Facility  comprises  macro-financial  support,  de-
risking instruments to mobilise private investment, and technical assistance, with a budget of EUR 50 
billion  for 2024-2027.  EU Member  States’  military  support  amounted to  EUR 47.3  billion, of which 
EUR 6.1 billion was via the EPF. 

The  first  intergovernmental  conference  opening  the  accession  negotiations  took  place  on  25 June 
2024 in Luxembourg. In parallel, the EU and  Ukraine  further strengthened EU-Ukraine  relations by 
exploiting  fully  the  potential  of  the  EU-Ukraine  Association  Agreement,  including  the  Deep  and 
Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA). 

Furthermore, in June 2024 the EU-Ukraine joint security commitments were signed by the President 
of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and President Zelenskyy, with a 

132 

 
 
view to helping Ukraine to defend itself, resist destabilisation efforts and deter acts of aggression in 
future. The EU continued and further intensified diplomatic outreach to non-EU countries in support 
of  Ukraine  and  a  just  and  lasting  peace.  In  2024,  the  EU  supported  Ukraine’s  Peace  Formula, 
including the Summit on Peace in Switzerland in June 2024 and the process that followed it. 

4.5.1.2. Support for Ukraine 

Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine continued to cause unprecedented human suffering and 
destruction of physical infrastructure, especially energy and civilian infrastructure. The EU stepped 
up its engagement with Ukraine in all fields. A meeting of the EU-Ukraine Association Council took 
place  in  March  2024.  The  EU-Ukraine  joint  security  commitments  signed  in  June  2024  stated  that 
security,  resilience  and  defence  support,  as  well  as  Ukraine’s  EU  accession  process,  support  for 
reforms,  macro-financial,  humanitarian  and  reconstruction  assistance  reinforce  each  other.  For  its 
part,  Ukraine  committed  to  continue  reforms  in  line  with  its  EU  path,  including  in  the  security, 
defence and intelligence sectors. 

Throughout  2024,  the  EU  increased  its  political,  military,  financial,  humanitarian,  legal  and 
diplomatic support to Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. By the end of 2024, EU support amounted 
to  over  EUR 130  billion.  This  included  a  EUR 25.2  billion  package  of  macro-financial  assistance, 
including  an  EUR 18  billion  package  for  2023  (MFA+),  making  the  EU  the  major  source  of  Ukraine 
budget  funding  that  year.  Furthermore,  EUR 19.6  billion  were  mobilised  and  EUR 16.4  billion 
disbursed  under  the  Ukraine  Facility  in  2024.  The  Facility  comprises  macro-financial  support,  de-
risking instruments to mobilise private investment, and technical assistance, with a budget of EUR 50 
billion  for 2024-2027.  EU Member  States’  military  support  amounted to  EUR 47.3  billion, of which 
EUR 6.1 billion was via the EPF. In July 2024, the EU made available in support of Ukraine the first 
payment of EUR 1.5 billion of extraordinary revenues generated from immobilised Russian sovereign 
assets, accrued in 2024. 

The  EU  also  continued  to  support  the  Ukrainian  security  sector,  including  through  the  civilian  EU 
Advisory  Mission  (EUAM  Ukraine),  and  continued  training  Ukrainian  soldiers  via  the  EU  Military 
Assistance Mission  (EUMAM). By end 2024, close to 65 000 soldiers had undergone  training. Crisis 
response  measures  also  supported  mine  action,  early  recovery  and  support  to  social  cohesion 
contributing to human security and resilience. In parallel, the EU and Ukraine further strengthened 
EU-Ukraine relations through exploiting fully the potential of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement 
including the DCFTA. 

On  EU  accession,  the  first  intergovernmental  conference  opening  the  accession  negotiations  took 
place  on  25 June  2024  in  Luxembourg.  In  2024,  the  analytical  examination  of  the  EU  acquis 
(‘screening’)  started.  The  Ukraine’s  report  as  part of  the  2024  enlargement  package  was  issued  in 
autumn  in  2024.  The  report  stated  that  subject  to  Ukraine  meeting  all  the  conditions,  the 
Commission  was  looking  forward  to  the  opening  of  negotiations  on  clusters,  starting  with  the 
fundamentals, as soon as possible in 2025. 

4.5.1.3. Implementation 

During 2024, EUR 251.57 million in budget credits were committed in bilateral and incentive-based 
funding. This includes  bilateral contributions to the  Neighbourhood and Investment Platform (NIP) 
and the Civil Society Facility, but excludes Ukraine bilateral contributions. These funds were utilised 
to  support  the  activities  described  below.  In  relation  to  the  AAP  for  Azerbaijan  for  2023,  the 

133 

 
 
financing agreement was not signed by the government before the deadline, thereby preventing its 
implementation. 

Since 2020, no direct assistance has been provided to the Belarusian authorities, however assistance 
to the people of Belarus continues. A new assistance programme was adopted at the end of 2024, 
providing  direct  support  to  civil  society,  human  rights  defenders,  independent  media,  educational 
and cultural initiatives and small and medium-sized businesses in exile. 

Despite  the  fact  that  Belarusian  authorities  suspended  the  country’s  participation  in  the  Eastern 
Partnership framework in June 2021, Belarusians continue to benefit from and have access to some 
of the EU’s regional programmes which foster cooperation between individuals and bodies from all 
six Eastern Partnership countries. This includes programmes such as EU4Culture, EU4 Independent 
Media, EU 4 Gender Equality and the Partnership for Good Governance. 

Due  to  the  de  facto  halt  in  the  accession  process,  along  with  the  backsliding  as  described  in  the 
Enlargement report, all assistance directly benefiting the Georgian authorities has been withdrawn. 
Ongoing  and  planned  assistance  has  been  reviewed  leading  to  the  repurposing  of  over  EUR 120 
million  and  the  suspension  of  a  large  number  of  activities  and  programmes.  Support  for  non-
government bodies, including CSOs, in Georgia is continuing. 

Human development and inequalities 

Support  for  youth  engagement,  well  performing  education  systems,  culture  and  resilient  health 
systems  continues  to  be  provided.  The  EU4Youth  programme  has  continued  to  support  enhanced 
participation of young people in society and the economy and for better skills matching to the labour 
market. The EU also started the implementation of a regional programme on youth engagement and 
empowerment  and another regional project  on education reform and to strengthen the quality of 
the education systems. The construction of the ‘School of Europe, Tbilisi’ is ongoing, with a new date 
for the official opening currently being sought. Cultural cooperation and intercultural dialogue have 
also  continued  through  the  EU4Culture  programme.  Health  resilience  is  supported  by  enhancing 
capacity  in  emergency  preparedness  and  response  to  major  cross-border  health  threats  from 
infectious diseases. 

In Armenia, the EU continued to support the implementation of reforms aiming to enhance access to 
quality  education  and  strengthen  the  protection  of  labour  rights,  particularly  for  youth  and 
vulnerable  groups.  Among  activities  promoting  equality  and  non-discrimination,  a  new  project  on 
the protection of rights of people with disabilities started in February. Assistance for the integration 
of Karabakh Armenians was disbursed and a new budget support phase was designed and approved. 

In  Azerbaijan,  assistance  for  the  modernisation  and  reform  of  the  education  system  to  meet  the 
needs of  the  labour market  and  align with skills-based  education  standards  continued.  Reforms  in 
the  education  system,  including  vocational  education  and  training,  remained  one  of  the  most 
supported sectors. 

In Georgia, phase II of the Skills for Jobs programme which played a pivotal role in supporting socio-
economic  development  and  global  competitiveness  by  enhancing  institutional  capacities  and 
improving  service  delivery  standards  was  successfully  completed.  Activities  were  implemented  to 
improve  gender  equality  and  women’s  economic  empowerment  and  a  new  initiative  focusing  on 
safeguarding the rights of sexual, religious and ethnic minorities and people with disabilities started 
in December. 

Support for the modernisation of Moldova’s education system to improve the quality of education 
and  lifelong  opportunities  for  all  continued  throughout  2024.  Specific  support  from  the  OECD  has 

134 

 
 
also  been  mobilised  to  assist  the  Ministry  of  Education  and  Research  to  review  the  National 
Curriculum. 

With regard to human development and inequalities, TAIEX organised a multi-country workshop on 
the Youth Guarantee in the Western Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine. Experts from Finland, Belgium, 
Slovakia  and  Estonia  exchanged  best  practice  on  outreach,  guidance  and  counselling  for  young 
people  not  in  education,  employment,  or  training.  In  December  a  multi-country  workshop  on 
Employment  of  Persons  with  Disabilities  brought  together  representatives  from  10  NEAR(104) 
countries,  to  exchange  strategies  for  increasing  employment  opportunities  for  people  with 
disabilities. 

Green Deal 

Investment  continued  to  support  renewable  energy,  energy  efficiency,  waste  management  and 
water management projects that support the EU Green Deal and contribute to our partners’ efforts 
to  meet  their  Paris  Agreement  commitments.  The  implementation  of  the  EU4Environment  ‘Water 
and  Data’  programme  is  ongoing  and  includes  components  on  COVID-19  monitoring  in  urban 
wastewater, annual water stakeholder conferences and the development of new as well as ongoing 
river  basin  management  plans.  The  EU4Climate  Resilience  programme  provided  assistance  to 
climate  adaptation  projects  at  municipal  level  across  the  region.  The  Covenant  of  Mayors  East 
programme  continued  to  assist  municipalities  to  implement  their  Sustainable  Energy  and  Climate 
Action  Plans.  Under  the  EU4Energy  Phase  II  and  Phase  II+  programmes  33  workshops  with  710 
participants  were  organised  and  21  legal  acts  were  drafted  contributing  to  both  capacity  building 
and strengthening of the legislative framework. 

In  Armenia,  support  was  provided  for  renewable  energy  and  energy  efficiency  in  public  buildings 
through the EIP. Technical expertise was provided for nuclear safety. Assistance approved in 2024 is 
destined  to  provide  support  to  the  water  management  of  Lake  Sevan,  improving  air  quality  and 
green agriculture. 

COP29, which took place in Baku in November, created new momentum for stronger cooperation on 
green connectivity with Azerbaijan. In this context, water management support was adopted under 
the AAP 2024 and support for connectivity-related initiatives will be further explored. 

In Georgia, support  is provided to contribute to energy efficiency in public buildings. Two projects 
were signed, aiming to contribute to the improvement of air quality and to improve citizens’ health 
as well as a contract to contribute to sustainable and inclusive agricultural development through the 
Zemo-Samgori irrigation project. 

The  EU  has  continued  to  provide  substantial  support  for  Moldova’s  energy  sector,  leading  it  to 
implement  measures  to  diversify  its  energy  supply  sources  and  enhancing  its  resilience.  Energy 
efficiency  solutions  and  improved  access  to  water  and  sanitation  in  public  buildings  were 
implemented  and  two  new  projects  to  support  energy  efficiency  in  residential  housing  were 
launched. 

In  April,  TAIEX  supported  the  European  Green  Deal  through  an  expert  mission  to  Azerbaijan  to 
provide  advice  and  guidance  to  the  Baku  International  Sea  Trade  Port  on  how  to  establish  a 
greenhouse gases emission inventory and carbon footprint reporting, in compliance with relevant EU 
legislation. 

104 Since 2025, DG NEAR was divided into DG ENEST and DG MENA. As the current report is covering 2024, throughout the 
document there are still references to NEAR. 

135 

 
 
 
Sustainable growth and jobs 

The EU continued to actively roll-out its EIP as part of the Global Gateway initiative to support the 
EaP countries in their efforts to stabilise their economies. The plan also contributes to deliver on the 
EU’s  connectivity  agenda,  supporting  the  extension  of  broadband  networks,  the  construction  of 
roads  and  railways  and  energy  infrastructure.  Since  the  launch  of  the  plan,  the  EU  through  its 
bilateral cooperation, its financial guarantee and its blending projects has unlocked EUR 13.9 billion 
of investment in the region. 

To  support  economic  integration  and  closer  trade  ties,  assistance  was  provided  to  help  small  and 
medium-sized  enterprises’  (SMEs)  access  financing  and  help  the  countries  move  towards  more 
diversified  and  integrated  economies  and  business  environments.  The  EU  continued  to  provide 
support for the full implementation of DCFTAs and CEPA as well as other trade agreements. 

In Armenia, support to SMEs development and access to finance continued with investment. Specific 
projects  included  support  for  the  wine  making,  textile  and  agri-food  sectors  to  boost  export  and 
enhance  quality  control.  A  new  project  was  implemented  in  December  to  establish  customs  and 
logistic  centres  to  provide  services  to  businesses  simplifying  import  and  export  processes  and 
customs procedures. 

In 2024, support for development, economic growth, competitiveness and employment generation 
in rural regions of Azerbaijan continued. Implementation of the EIP as well as support to enhancing 
capacity,  greening  and  financial  sustainability  of  local  businesses  is  ongoing.  Karabakh  Armenians 
and  the  host  communities  were  supported  in  their  business  expansion  through  the  EBRD  SMEs 
Competitiveness programme. The second meeting of the High-Level Working Group on Investment 
was also held in Baku. 

New projects were started supporting SME internationalisation and deepening value chains, further 
developing  Georgia’s  national  quality  infrastructure  and  private-equity  market  development. 
Support  to  promote  EU  food  safety  standards  and  a  favourable  business  environment  in  the  agri-
food sector was also continued. 

In Moldova, enhanced support for SMEs was provided via a new national SME support programme 
for small producers as well as with the launch of the new Fund for Entrepreneurship and Economic 
Growth.  The  EU  provided  support  to  strengthen  the  national  spatial  data  system  as  well  as  the 
national statistical system to successfully conduct the population and housing census. 

TAIEX  provided  support  for  sustainable  jobs  and  growth  through  a  study  visit  on  empowering 
women in circular entrepreneurship. This provided an opportunity for participants from Moldova to 
learn  about  France’s  experience  in  supporting  women-led  circular  businesses,  contributing  to 
sustainable SME growth and the transition to a greener economy. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

In  2024,  the  EU4Digital  initiative  continued  to  support  strong  cooperation  networks  between  EaP 
countries, to drive their integration with the EU digital single market and promote investment under 
the  EIP.  The  initiative  continued  to  develop  its  e-commerce  accelerator  and  a  regional  ‘Ed  Tech’ 
platform. It also completed the mapping of the regional broadband network as well as undertaking 
key  pilot  projects  in  the  fields  of  e-customs.  Two  new  regional  programmes  were  launched  to 
facilitate the roll-out of secure and affordable broadband connectivity in rural areas and to support 
digital  innovation  and  incubation  for  start-ups  in  high  added-value  sectors  such  as  artificial 
intelligence, agri-tech and bio-tech. 

136 

 
 
In  January,  the  lowering  of  roaming  charges  for  Moldovan  and  European  citizens  and  businesses 
came  into  force.  This  emanated  from  an  EU  facilitated  joint  statement  signed  between  major 
European and Moldovan telecom operators. A similar agreement covering Ukrainian citizens residing 
abroad  was  also  renewed.  The  EU  continued  to  support  the  preparation  of  a  Regional  Roaming 
Agreement, which will contribute to reducing roaming prices in the region by up to 87% in coming 
years.  The  EU  successfully  piloted  with  Moldova  a  ground-breaking  initiative  to  develop  an 
AI-assisted tool to help candidate countries accelerate regulatory approximation. 

The second phase of the regional project ‘CybersecurityEast’ was launched in October, stepping up 
the  EU’s  support  on  cybersecurity  and  cybercrime.  Georgia  became  a  signatory  to  the  Second 
Additional  Protocol  of  the  Budapest  Convention  on  Cybercrime,  joining  Armenia  which  signed  in 
2023,  and  Ukraine  and  Moldova,  which  signed  in  2022.  In  addition,  two  grants  supporting  the 
digitalisation of women and students in Georgia were provided. 

In  Armenia,  the  EU4Digital  facility  started  preparing  a  technical  assistance  programme  to  support 
alignment  with  EU  standards  in  the  field  of  eID.  Under  the  EaPConnect  project,  the  Armenian 
National Supercomputing Centre was launched in May to reinforce Armenia’s position as a regional 
hub  for  digital  technology  development.  The  regional  ‘EU4Innovation  East’,  launched  in  June,  will 
support the incubation of Armenia start-ups in digital technologies, with a focus on women-led start-
ups. 

Azerbaijan  continued  benefiting  from  activities  under  the  regional  EU4Digital  programme  which 
included promoting and developing digital skills. 

Support through the twinning instrument allowed Moldova to apply for SEPA membership and, with 
the entry into force of the revised TEN-T Regulation in July, Moldova became part of the Baltic Sea - 
Black Sea - Aegean Sea corridor. 

In April, TAIEX organised a Regional Eastern Partnership Workshop on Geoportal development. The 
workshop  focused  on  mapping  white  areas,  the  transposition  of  the  Broadband  Cost  Reduction 
Directive and provided an outlook of the Gigabit Infrastructure Act. 

Migration and forced displacement 

The EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) has continued to contribute to 
strengthening internal security at the Administrative Line with Transnistria, by mentoring Moldovan 
customs  and  police  officers  on  risk  profiling,  document  security  and  trade  compliance  with  EU 
standards  and  inspection  procedures,  as  part  of  its  commitment  to  the  Transnistrian  settlement 
process. 

EUBAM has supported the operation of the EU-UA Solidarity Lanes transport corridor in the lower 
Danube  region  by  contributing  to  the  establishment  of  joint  control  at  one  crossing  point  and  for 
coordinated  control  at  a  second.  EUBAM  has  provided  technical  equipment  to  support  border 
control and trained over 500 officers in key areas. A third tender for the design and construction of 
the North-South branch of the Moldova railway under the Solidarity Lanes is under evaluation. This 
initiative complements the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Transport investments in the Solidarity 
Lanes, further addressing the transport infrastructure needs. 

The EU supports the implementation of agreements on visa facilitation and  readmission as well as 
continued cooperation on visa liberalisation and readmission with Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. In 
December  the  Commission  proposed  to  suspend  part  of  the  EU-Georgia  Agreement  on  the 
facilitation  of  the  issuance  of  visas  for  Georgian  diplomats,  officials  and  their  families  holding 
diplomatic and official passports. 

137 

 
 
The  launch  of  the  visa  liberalisation  dialogue  in  September  will  help  Armenia  achieve  a  visa-free 
regime for short-stays within the EU, provided that the relevant conditions for well-managed travel 
and  security  are  in  place.  The  EU  continues  contributing  to  strengthening  migration  management 
and  providing  capacity  building  to  the  Migration  Service,  including  through  cooperation  with  the 
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). The opening of a new centre for asylum seekers 
in line with EU standards was a milestone achievement for 2024. 

Governance, peace and security 

Throughout  2024,  the  EU  continued  its  support  promoting  reforms  in  partner  countries  on 
democracy,  the  rule  of  law,  public  administration,  anti-corruption  and  the  fight  against  organised 
crime.  A  specific  focus  was  placed  on  supporting  civil  society  engagement,  the  resilience  and 
financial sustainability of independent media and gender equality. 

In addition to providing support on legislative and policy initiatives, operational activities focused on 
implementation  and  direct  grants  and  financial  support  for  conflict-affected  communities,  human 
rights  defenders,  pro-democracy  actors  and  awareness  raising  activities  on  issues  such  as  gender 
equality. 

Despite significant efforts by the EU and its partners throughout 2024 and some progress on border 
delimitation, a peace deal between Armenia and Azerbaijan failed to materialise. However work is 
ongoing in this respect. 

In 2024, the EU continued to provide budget support to Armenia to further strengthen judicial and 
legal reforms, as well as anti-corruption policies. Complementary technical assistance in the justice, 
law enforcement and security sectors in line with CEPA commitments is continuing. The EU Mission 
in  Armenia  (EUMA)  continued  its  observation  and  reporting  on  the  security  situation  along  the 
Armenian side of the border with Azerbaijan. 

In Azerbaijan, several ongoing projects continued providing assistance for judicial reform, including 
in the area of alternative dispute resolution. Azerbaijan continued to benefit  from the Partnership 
for Good Governance, including in areas such anti-money laundering. 

In Georgia, support continued for confidence-building measures in the occupied breakaway region of 
Abkhazia, in coordination with the EU Special Representatives’ office and FPI. Two new projects to 
build  community  resilience  and  support  basic  health  services  were  implemented  in  Abkhazia  and 
South Ossetia. In  response to the  worsening political situation and shrinking space  for civil society 
and  the  media  throughout  the  year,  especially  after  the  adoption  of  the  law  on  ‘Transparency  of 
foreign  influence’,  new  funds  were  mobilised  to  scale  up  support  for  civil  society,  human  rights, 
media 
information  manipulation  and 
interference. 

literacy  and  fight  against  disinformation  and  foreign 

justice  reform  strategy  and 

In  Moldova, the  EU  played  a  key  role  in  supporting  the  implementation  and  revision  of  the  2022-
2025 
including  thematic  reviews  and  policy 
recommendations,  as  well  as  enhancing  capacity  in  the  justice  sector.  Moldova  also  continued  to 
implement  the Public  Finance  Management  Reform Programme,  focusing on  improvements  in  the 
Court of Accounts’ legal framework, their governance, financial audit practice and engagement with 
external stakeholders. 

its  action  plan, 

A  TAIEX  workshop  for  Ukraine  and  Moldova  on  Non-financial  Motivation  and  Retention  of  Civil 
Servants  was  organised  in  November.  It  provided  advice  on  personnel  assessment  and  retention 
strategies for civil servants, particularly in the context of martial law. 

138 

 
 
A  Twinning  project  supporting  the  Armenian  Ministry  of  Justice  and  Corruption  Prevention 
Commission to foster integrity and prevent corruption in the country’s public sector was successfully 
completed in 2024. It contributed to the capacity building of the two institutions and also promoted 
general awareness raising of the role of civil society. 

Case study 

The Resilient Syunik TEI in Armenia is a joint undertaking of the EU, the European Investment Bank, 
the European Bank  for Reconstruction and Development and EU Member States (Austria, Czechia, 
Estonia,  Finland,  France,  Germany,  Lithuania,  Netherlands,  Poland  and  Sweden),  with  Switzerland 
also joining as an external partner. 

The  main  objective  of  Resilient  Syunik  TEI  is  to  contribute  to  the  sustainable  socio-economic  and 
institutional  development  of  the  Syunik  region,  taking  coordinated  action  in  line  with  the 
development  priorities  of  the  regional  and  local  authorities  and  the  Armenia-EU  flagship  initiative 
focusing on the area. In particular, it aims to contribute to: 

-  Improved  business  environment  for  micro,  small  and  medium-sized  enterprises  and  enhanced 
private-sector competitiveness; 

- Improved access to high-quality, people-centric public services; and 

- Prioritised green regional development and increased protection, sustainable use and restoration 
of biodiversity. 

The  Resilient  Syunik  TEI  has  an  approximate  five-year  budget  of  EUR 150 million,  of  which  EUR 65 
million  is  in  grants  and  EUR 85  million  in  loans.  The  initiative  is  a  flexible  mechanism;  it  may  be 
further  expanded  and  is  open  for  EU  Member  States  to  join  with  new  initiatives  to  promote  the 
development of the Syunik region. 

Some of the main results of this TEI include: 

In  women’s  health,  the  provision  of  35  theoretical  and  practical  training  courses  attended  by  182 
midwives and nurses; 10 training courses attended by 56 trainee midwives and nurses; 12 accredited 
training  courses  for  gynaecologists,  and  the  organisation  of  32  café  des  femmes  focusing  on 
women’s health, planned parenthood and family relationships with 212 attendees. 

In  the  renewable  energy  sector,  the  provision  of  three  solar  stations;  energy  efficiency  and 
renewable energy solutions provided for 10 municipal buildings and 186 households were equipped 
with energy-efficient stoves. 

In  the  field  of  local  services,  a  newly  furnished  kindergarten  for  over  150  children  and  fully 
renovated  and  equipped  Citizen  Offices  now  provide  over  60  administrative  services  in  two 
locations. 

In the agri-food sector advice and guidance was provided to 12 businesses on the preparation and 
implementation of investment plans; 20 veterinary points which received approximately 3 500 calls 
were  supported  and  14  rural  settlements  supported  in  relation  to  pasture  and  grassland  planning 
and infrastructure works. 

In the business sector, 32 aspiring entrepreneurs received coaching and grants to launch businesses 
in diverse industries, from food production to furniture manufacturing. 

139 

 
 
4.5.1.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

Russia’s  war  of  aggression  against  Ukraine  has  had  a  devastating  impact  on  millions  of  Ukrainian 
citizens, resulting in civilian deaths and suffering, massive displacement, and large-scale destruction 
of critical infrastructure, and causing large humanitarian needs. The situation in areas closer to the 
frontlines and those under Russia’s and Russian proxies’ military control remains extremely volatile 
with  more  than  14.6  million  people  in  need  of  humanitarian  support  in  2024.  In  2024,  EUR 165 
million  were  allocated  to  address  immediate  humanitarian  needs,  bringing  the  total  assistance  to 
EUR 950  million  since  February  2022.  The  EU  has  responded  with  major  humanitarian  aid 
operations,  mobilising  all  available  tools,  resources,  and  capacities  to  deliver  assistance  to 
populations  in  record  time.  Life-saving  assistance  has  been  provided  mainly  through  multipurpose 
cash transfers, winter support and humanitarian protection to populations directly exposed to war 
and displacement. 

Ukraine  continues  to  be  the  largest  UCPM  operation  with  34  updated  requests  for  assistance  in 
2024,  covering  a  wide  diversity  of  sectors  and  a  constant  support  for  Medevac  operations  with 
nearly  900  patients  supported  in  2024  resulting  in  a  total  number  of  4 000  patients  since  2022. 
Under the rescEU programme, the Commission worked closely with the Emergency Medical Teams 
consortium to establish European ‘EMT2’ specialised care teams, which plans to develop three field 
hospitals  and  18  medical  teams.  A  medical  evacuation  hub  in  Poland  was  also  financed  for  the 
medical  evacuation  of  Ukrainians  and  others  in  Ukraine  suffering  from  severe  illness,  war  injuries 
and life-threatening conditions, who require urgent, specialised or long-term medical care. 

Under the UCPM, the ERCC facilitated a significant number of offers, with energy supply being the 
primary  focus  in  2024,  accounting  for  over  50%  of  the  total.  Specifically,  the  main  energy-related 
offers included over 3 300 power generators and 943 transformers, which played an essential role in 
restoring and maintaining critical infrastructure. The remaining offers, which made up around 30% 
of the total, consisted of emergency response and infrastructure equipment, such as transport and 
medical supplies. 

Other  offers  included  shelter  items,  and  technical  equipment,  highlighting  the  diversity  of  needs 
being addressed through the UCPM. Following a campaign by the ERCC to support the winterisation 
efforts,  Member  States  and  Participating  States  of  the  UCPM  responded  with  significant  energy 
donations, including an entire  thermal power plant  from Lithuania and a turbine  set from Estonia, 
collectively capable of generating 560  megawatts of power. In total, the  UCPM has delivered over 
55 000 tonnes of life-saving assistance to Ukraine in 2024, reaching a total of over 150 000 tonnes of 
assistance since the beginning of the war. 

The  rescEU  donation  hub  established  in  Poland  remained  operational  during  2024,  channelling 
resources  from  the  private  sector  and  non-EU  countries  and  contributing  to  the  comprehensive 
UCPM’s  response  operation  in  Ukraine  with  overall  donations  worth  more  than  EUR 10  million, 
further highlighting the UCPM’s flexibility and innovation during major crises. 

As  for  neighbouring Moldova,  in 2024  the  country hosted  on  average  130 000  Ukrainian  refugees, 
for which the EU made available EUR 18 million to support, including cash assistance and protection 
services. 

In  Armenia,  the  EU  also  continued  supporting  the  most  vulnerable  refugees  from  the  Nagorno-
Karabakh region with an amount of EUR 5.5 million, notably in the sectors of basic needs, shelter, 
health and protection. Following severe flooding in Armenia in May 2024, the UCPM deployed four 

140 

 
 
civil  protection  experts  to  assist  with  structural  damage  assessments  and  post-disaster  needs 
evaluation. 

Regionally,  the  third  phase  of  the  flagship  civil  protection  programme  in  the  Eastern  Partnership 
countries  (PPRD  East  3,  2020-2024),  significantly  strengthening  the  resilience  to  disasters  and 
regional  cooperation.  A  new  capacity-building  tool  was  initiated  in  2024:  the  Technical  Assistance 
Financing Facility (TAFF). TAFF allows national civil protection and disaster risk management (DRM) 
authorities  of  Member  States,  Participating  States,  Kosovo,  and  Georgia  to  access  technical 
assistance  and  global  knowledge  on  prevention  and  preparedness.  As  a  result  of  a  first  call  for 
expression of interest, eight projects were kicked off in 2024 in eight different Member States and 
UCPM participating states. 

4.5.1.5. Crisis response and preparedness 

In Belarus assistance to democratic civic engagement and leadership was stepped up amid a further 
deteriorating of the human rights situation and the regime’s support to Russia’s war of aggression in 
Ukraine.  This  resulted  in  further  restrictions  of  citizens’  fundamental  freedoms  and  forced  even 
more Belarusians to relocate abroad. 

The  EU  continued  its  support  to  finding  peaceful  solutions  to  conflicts  in  the  South  Caucasus, 
including the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. 

The  EU  shares  efforts  with  the  Organisation  for  Security  and  Cooperation  in  Europe  (OSCE)  to 
combat  illicit  trafficking  of  small  arms  and  light  weapons  (SALW)  and  conventional  ammunition  in 
south-eastern Europe continued. Within the region, the  roadmap on comprehensive SALW control 
was  adopted  in 2018, and in 2023 it was decided to prolong activities until 2030. Activities aim to 
reduce  the  risks  of  SALW  proliferation  and  mitigate  security  and  safety  risks  related  to  the  illegal 
possession,  misuse  and  trafficking  of  SALW  in  Albania,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  Kosovo,  North 
Macedonia and Serbia. 

During  2023,  the  EU  continued  to  provide  humanitarian  assistance,  promote  social  cohesion  and 
support mine action in Armenia and Azerbaijan. However, implementation in Nagorno-Karabakh was 
disrupted when the EU’s only implementing partner on the ground, the International Committee of 
the Red Cross, lost access during the blockade of the Lachin Corridor. The Lachin Corridor was the 
only land route connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia and was subject to various blockades by 
Azerbaijan between 12 December 2022 and the military operation on 19 September 2023. 

The  blockades  impeded  supplies  of  food  and  medicine  for  long  periods  and  meant  that  a  serious 
humanitarian  crisis  was  already  unfolding  inside  Nagorno-Karabakh  when  Azerbaijan  launched  its 
attack on 19 September to reclaim the region. Following the military operation, more than 100 000 
Karabakh Armenians fled, primarily to Armenia. The EU mobilised EUR 12.6 million in humanitarian 
aid in the aftermath of the attack to cover emergency needs, and in-kind support under the Union 
Civil Protection Mechanism was also provided. 

In  2024,  the  European  Union  Mission  in  Armenia  (EUMA)  contributed  to  confidence  building 
between  the  populations  of  Armenia  and  Azerbaijan  by  observing  through  the  conduct  of  routine 
patrolling and reporting on the situation on the ground, thereby contributing to human security in 
conflict-affected areas where life and basic human rights are endangered. 

141 

 
 
4.5.2.  European Neighbourhood South 

4.5.2.1. Introduction (policy developments) 

Cooperation  with  the  Southern  Neighbourhood  partners  in  2024  continued  in  a  challenging 
geopolitical context. The region notably faced the consequences of the ongoing Russian aggression 
against Ukraine, the 7 October 2023 terrorist attacks and conflicts in Gaza and Lebanon, as well as 
the developments in Syria. The rapidly changing geopolitical environment required a more strategic 
approach to the region, which was underlined in the Political Guidelines of President Von der Leyen 
for the new Commission in July. To this end, two strategic documents crucial for the Middle East and 
North  Africa  regions  in  the  coming  years  were  announced  in  the  Guidelines:  ‘Pact  for  the 
Mediterranean’ and a ‘Middle East Strategy’. 

In this volatile context, the EU has demonstrated its commitment to contribute to the stabilisation of 
the  Southern  Neighbourhood  in  both  political  and  economic  terms.  The EU  advanced  on  the  mid-
term review  (MTR) of the 2021-2027 multiannual indicative programmes (MIPs)  for Algeria, Egypt, 
Jordan, Regional South MIP and multi-country MIP on migration. The mid-term review is expected to 
be concluded in the summer 2025. For the remaining countries, cooperation continued based on the 
individual or special measures. The MTR for Palestine** MIP was postponed due to the ongoing crisis. 

The  ninth  Union  for  the  Mediterranean  Regional  Forum  was  held  in  Barcelona  on  28 October, 
focusing on the situation in the Middle East as well as on ongoing efforts to reform the organisation. 
On the latter, Ministers acknowledged the crucial role of the UfM in promoting regional integration 
and  the  Euro-Mediterranean  partnership  and  tasked  senior  officials  with  setting  out  a  new  UfM 
vision and priorities, with a view to adoption at their next meeting. 

Concerning  the  consequences  of  the  conflict  in  Gaza,  the  EU  focused  on  providing  and  securing 
access for humanitarian assistance and support to the mediators in the ceasefire negotiations. The 
EU continued to provide support to the Palestinian Authority (PA) and its reform agenda, also in the 
perspective  of  the  future  governance  of  Gaza.  To  ease  the  humanitarian  crisis  in  Gaza,  the  EU 
increased  its  humanitarian  assistance  in  2024  to  EUR 237  million.  It  also  paid  a  EUR 382.5  million 
emergency aid package to support the PA, linking the payments to the PA’s agreement to implement 
a far-reaching reform plan. 

The  EU  also  continued  supporting,  politically  and  financially,  the  United  Nations  Relief  and  Works 
Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), paying EUR 92 million in core funding, and 
lobbying against draft Israeli laws which will have a profound effect on UNRWA’s ability to carry out 
its  mandate.  The  High  Representative/Vice-President  engaged  with  relevant  regional  and 
international partners to call for de-escalation and revive the political process towards the two-state 
solution, including through the Global Alliance for the implementation of the two-state solution that 
the EU co-initiated. 

Amid  rising  regional  tensions  and  the  escalating  conflict  between  Hezbollah  and  Israel,  the  EU 
stepped  up  its  external  actions  instruments  to  help  stabilise  Lebanon  and  enhanced  its  political 
dialogue,  with  multiple  high-level  visits  throughout  the  year.  EU  development  cooperation  was 
increased  with  the  definition  of  a  EUR 1  billion  package  of  support  for  2024-2027,  including  an 
enhanced  focus  on  the  security  sector  and  border  management.  Humanitarian  assistance  was 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

142 

 
 
 
enhanced  to  reach  EUR 92  million  to  respond  to  the  acute  needs  resulting  from  the  conflict.  In 
addition,  EU  support  to  the  Lebanese  Armed  Forces  under  the  European  Peace  Facility  (EPF) 
gathered  momentum  with  the  adoption  of  a  new  assistance  measure  worth  EUR 16  million  in 
September and the swift preparation of an additional one, worth EUR 60 million, for 2025. 

In 2024, the EU continued to provide strong support to Syrians and neighbouring countries hosting 
Syrian refugees. The EU maintained its efforts to find a lasting solution to the Syrian conflict in line 
with  UN  Security  Council  Resolution  2254(105),  including  by  supporting  the  work  of  the  UN  Special 
Envoy for Syria and maintaining its restrictive measures on the Assad regime. 

Furthermore, the EU and its Member States remained the largest donors to Syria, having mobilised 
more  than  EUR 37  billion  in  humanitarian  and  non-humanitarian  assistance  since  2011,  while  also 
engaging  in  international  initiatives  such  as  the  Global  Coalition  to  defeat  Da’esh  and  efforts  to 
ensure accountability for crimes committed during the conflict. The situation dramatically changed 
at  the  end  of  2024,  with  the  sudden  fall  of  the  Assad  regime,  ushering  in  a  new  era  of  relations 
between the EU and Syria. 

EU  relations  with  Egypt  enjoyed  a  positive  momentum  in  2024,  epitomised  by  the  signing  of  the 
Strategic  and  Comprehensive  Partnership  in  March  2024  in  recognition  of  Egypt’s  key  role  for 
stability  in  the  region.  Various  high-level  visits,  political  and  thematic  dialogues  in  both  Cairo  and 
Brussels enhanced cooperation across key policy areas. The EU-Egypt Association Council was held in 
Brussels in January, while the High-Level Migration Dialogue took place in July. In 2024, Egypt was 
identified  as  a  recipient  country  for  EPF  assistance,  amounting  to  EUR 20  million,  aiming  to 
strengthen  the  capacities  of  the  Egyptian  Armed  Forces  and  enhance  the  national  security  and 
stability of Egypt. 

The  EU  has  further  intensified  its  engagement  with  Jordan,  both  bilaterally  and  in  regional  and 
multilateral forums, in the context of dramatic regional developments. In addition to the Association 
Council held in Brussels in July, 2024 has seen multiple EU high-level visits to Amman. The elevation 
of relations between the EU and Jordan was agreed upon at the Association Council, paving the way 
for  negotiations  on  a  new  Strategic  and  Comprehensive  Partnership  aimed  at  intensifying  political 
engagement, economic ties and cooperation across policy areas (finally signed in January 2025). 

In view of Jordan’s critical role  in a challenging regional context, EU support for Jordan continued, 
including  through  the  European  Peace  Facility  (EUR 13.25  million),  and  a  new  MFA  of  EUR 500 
million. The EU deployed an Election Observation Mission during the September 2024 elections, as 
part of its continued support for Jordan’s political modernisation process. 

Building on its cross-sector Partnership, the EU continued expanding the scope of its already broad 
and deep relations with Morocco. Among the new cooperation initiatives were the first EU-Morocco 
High-Level  Dialogue  on  Regional  Security  and  Counterterrorism,  and  the  ad  hoc 
informal 
consultations  on  Africa,  held  in  May  and  June  2024.  Throughout  the  year,  the  EU  and  Morocco 
remained committed to deepening their relations, including through political consultations, the EU-
Morocco  Macroeconomic  Dialogue  and  discussions  with  the  EU  Special  Envoy  for  the 
Mediterranean, all of which took place in Rabat. In October 2024, the EU took note of the European 
Court  of  Justice’s  rulings  relating  to  the  2019  EU-Morocco  agreements,  while  expressing  its  firm 
intention  to  preserve  and  continue  strengthening  close  relations  with  Morocco  in  all  areas  of  our 
partnership. 

105 UN Security Council Resolution S/RES/2254 of 18 December 2015. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/814715/ 

143 

 
 
 
In Tunisia, the key event of 2024 was the presidential election which took place on 6 October and 
resulted in the re-election of President Kaïs Saïed. Contacts at various levels were maintained during 
the  year.  Tunisia  was  discussed  during  the  FAC  of  June  2024,  during  which  the  HRVP  recalled  the 
importance  of  engaging  with  Tunisia  as  a  key,  long-standing  partner  in  the  EU’s  Southern 
Neighbourhood. The implementation of the EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding, signed on 
16 July 2023, continued throughout the year. The Memorandum of Understanding provides a new 
framework for partners to advance a range of joint priorities comprising five pillars (macroeconomic 
stability, trade and economy, green energy transition, people-to-people contacts, and migration and 
mobility) for cooperation. 

The EU continued strengthening the EU-Algeria Energy Partnership with a strong focus on renewable 
energies and supported the sustainable management of water resources. The EU also continued to 
support  Algeria’s  economic  diversification  by  promoting  direct  foreign  investments  in  the  country. 
The specific trade barriers imposed by Algeria remained a central issue to be resolved. 

In Libya, the EU’s efforts focused on fostering stability both in the country and the wider region. The 
EU  remained  engaged  with  both  like-minded  and  regional  partners,  supporting  the  inter-Libyan 
dialogue as part of UN-led mediation efforts conducted by Deputy Head of UNSMIL SRSG Stephanie 
Khoury  since  the  resignation  of  UN  Special  Representative  Bathily  in  April  2024.  The  EU  also 
continued its engagement in Libya through Operation EUNAVFOR MED IRINI, which enforces the UN 
arms  embargo,  and  the  EU  Integrated  Border  Management  Assistance  Mission  (EUBAM),  which 
provides  capacity  building  to  Libyan  authorities  in  the  areas  of  border  management  and  law 
enforcement. 

4.5.2.2. Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

The EU continued to provide assistance across Syria and in neighbouring refugee-hosting countries. 
Since 2011, over EUR 37 billion have been made available for the Syria crisis response by the EU and 
its Member States, including EUR 2.49 billion of EU assistance inside Syria. Since its establishment in 
2021, the  EU  Regional Trust  Fund in response  to the Syrian crisis (the  ‘Madad’) has reached more 
than 11 million beneficiaries. Funded interventions delivered tangible benefits with over 5.8 million 
people  receiving  quality  healthcare;  over  1  million  children  and  young  adults  gaining  access  to 
education; over 1.4 million people improving their livelihoods; over 15 900 local facilities (including 
schools,  hospitals  and  clinics,  water  facilities,  shelters,  etc.)  being  upgraded,  reconstructed  and/or 
newly built. 

As part of the response to the impact of the Syrian crisis on neighbouring countries, the EU adopted 
in 2024 for Lebanon and Jordan EUR 448 million of assistance including action on education, health 
and hygiene services, water and sanitation, social assistance and support to improve resilience and 
durable solutions for refugees from Syria and hosting communities in Lebanon and Jordan. 

In  Syria,  the  education  portfolio  of  the  financial  assistance  maintained  a  service-delivery-oriented 
approach, acting as a substitute for state functions. It focused on primary education, Technical and 
Vocational Education and Training (TVET), skills development, and psychosocial support. The EUR 4 
million Contribution Agreement ‘Sustaining and enhancing the delivery of basic education and TVET 

144 

 
 
training  to  Palestine**  refugee  students  in  Syria  –  2023/2025’  was  extended  until  September  2027 
with an additional EU contribution of EUR 4 million. 

The  EU-funded  health  programmes  focused  on  strengthening  health  systems,  particularly  human 
resources  and  pre-service  training.  Three  interventions  totalling  EUR 3.7  million  supported  the 
redesign  of  curricula  and  launched  innovative  training  programmes  for  Mental  Health  and 
Psychosocial Support personnel, two geography-specific interventions in northern Syria and regime 
held areas supported training and operational research. 

In  Palestine**,  in  an  increasingly  restrictive  operational  environment,  the  Office  of  the  European 
Union  Representative  (EUREP)  continued  supporting  civil  society  across  the  Palestinian  territory, 
launching  new  initiatives  focused  on  Gaza  and  vulnerable  areas  of  the  West  Bank.  After  initial 
challenges  following  7 October  2023,  the  Office  re-established  dialogue  with  key  CSOs  and 
platforms. Addressing human development and inequalities, it led the Gender Action Plan (GAP) III 
Country-Level  Implementation  Plan  (2025-2027)  with  Member  States  and  civil  society,  advancing 
gender  equality  and  the  fight  against  gender-based  violence.  Despite  the  challenging  context,  the 
EUREP  actively  engaged  with  Palestinian  youth  through  initiatives  such  as  the  Jerusalem  Youth 
Forum,  a  national  volunteerism  platform  and  an  art  competition.  In  the  health  sector,  the  EU 
provided  EUR 18  million  to  support  the  Palestinian  Authority  for  payment  of  arrears  of  medical 
referrals  to  East  Jerusalem  hospitals,  benefiting  thousands  of  Palestinian  patients  in  need  of 
essential medical care, particularly cancer care. 

In  Algeria,  the  EUR 43  million  ‘Action  Covid’  programme,  implemented  by  the  UNDP,  was 
successfully  concluded  in  2024.  Throughout  the  pandemic,  it  funded  critical  equipment,  patient 
screening and care, public health training and awareness campaigns. 

In  Libya,  the  ‘Baladiyati’  programme  (‘My  Municipality’)  has  worked  with  nearly  40  Libyan 
municipalities since 2018, implementing around 300 critical interventions. The project has improved 
access  to  essential  public  services  such  as  healthcare,  education,  water  and  sanitation,  while 
promoting social cohesion and resilience, addressing the needs of local communities and migrants. 
Currently,  over  270  new  activities  are  being  implemented  by  the  Agenzia  Italiana  per  la 
Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, the UNDP and UNICEF. 

Green Deal 

The  EU-Algeria  cooperation  achieved  key  milestones  aligned  with  the  Green  Deal  through  a 
strengthened  Team  Europe  approach.  The  EU  and  Algeria  signed  the  financing  agreement  for  the 
EUR 15 million ‘TaqatHy+’ programme, with an additional EUR 13 million from Germany, to support 
renewable  energy  and  energy  efficiency  via  German  technical  assistance.  In  addition,  the  EU 
adopted  an  EUR 18  million  financing  decision,  co-funded  by  Germany  (EUR 20  million),  to  build 
Algeria’s  first  reference  plant  for  green  hydrogen  and  derivatives  while  boosting  sectoral  capacity 
and technical expertise. 

The activities of the 2022 EU-Morocco Green Partnership were pursued across all components of the 
Action  Plan  including  the  energy  transition  and  decarbonisation  of  the  Moroccan  economy,  the 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 
** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

145 

 
 
 
adaptation and resilience to climate change, the environmental protection and the green and blue 
economy. 

Within the 2024 AAP, the EU adopted the ‘EU Jordan partnership for a green transition’ programme 
to advance decarbonisation, promote green growth and create green jobs. 

In  Lebanon,  amid  escalating  conflict,  the  ‘Sustainable  Energy  for  Public  Services  entities, 
entrepreneurship  and  innovation’  project  was  designed  to  provide  renewable  energy  and  energy 
efficiency to the Lebanese armed forces, the internal security forces, justice institutions and schools, 
particularly those used as shelters. In addition, support for the Ministry of Energy and Water and the 
Water  Establishments  has  contributed  to  ensuring  drinkable  water  provision  to  most  of  the 
Lebanese population during the escalation of conflict. 

The  ‘Sustaining  Continuity  of  Wastewater  Treatment  Services  within  a  Multiple  Crisis  Context’ 
project  responded to the crisis by supporting the operations and maintenance of nine wastewater 
treatment  plants  in  areas  hosting  many  people  displaced  by  the  conflict.  The  ‘Hawkamaa’  project 
funded by EU Regional Trust Fund Madad supported water establishments under pressure. 

In  Palestine**,  despite  difficulties  linked  to  the  geopolitical  context,  the  EU  has  maintained 
cooperation with the new Palestinian government and relevant stakeholders, working to implement 
existing  projects  and  conduct  policy  dialogue  to  address  key  economic  and  environmental 
challenges. The translation of sectoral strategies (environment, agriculture, climate etc.) into action 
was challenging due to the volatile security and political context. Priorities have been altered by the 
realities  on  the  ground,  including  rising  levels  of  food  insecurity,  immense  damage  to  agricultural 
assets and agricultural activity, increased violence by Israeli settlers in the West Bank, inaccessibility 
to  natural  resources  and  the  partial availability of Palestinian  civil  servants  due  to  irregular  partial 
salaries.  The  Palestinian  Authority  has  nevertheless  committed  to  undertake  several  reforms  in 
energy and water management in the context of the Palestinian Authority reform agenda that was 
agreed with the EU in November. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

In  Morocco,  the  current  EU  cooperation  pertaining  to  sustainable  and  inclusive  growth  aims  to 
enhance  the  country’s  stability  by  addressing  its  key  social  priorities,  with  a  focus  on  reducing 
unemployment,  promoting  gender  equality,  and  improving  the  effectiveness  and  accessibility  of 
social services. 

In  June  2024,  the  investment  conferences  organised  jointly  with  Jordan,  Tunisia  and  Egypt  and 
numbering from 500 to over 1 000 participants per conference, boosted investment and economic 
cooperation, and promoted efforts made to improve the business climate in partner countries. 

The  EU  boosted  the  Lebanese  private  sector’s  resilience  during  the  escalating  conflict.  The 
‘Innovation  as  an  engine  for  SMEs  competitiveness  and  economic  growth  in  Lebanon’  project 
supported SMEs through capacity building and technical assistance, including crisis response. The EU 
supported the Lebanese government in the implementation of economic reforms needed to address 
Lebanon’s economic crisis and promote post-conflict recovery, through supporting the preparation 
of  the  2025  national  budget.  The  EU  is  also  engaging  with  the  Lebanese  government  on  banking 
restructuring, offering expertise from the EU’s post-2008 financial restructuring efforts. 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

146 

 
 
 
Prime  Minister  Mustafa’s  new  government  brought  new  impetus  to  the  Palestinian  Authority’s 
reform  agenda while faced with the deterioration of the economic and fiscal situation. To support 
these reform efforts and the delivery of basic services, the EU increased its financial support to the 
civil servants’ salaries and pensions from about EUR 44 million in 2023 to about EUR 172 million in 
2024. The EU contribution benefited about 46 000 civil servants (out of over 110 000 on Palestinian 
Authority’s  payroll)  over  several  months.  However,  due  to  the  withholding  of  Palestine’s**  tax 
revenues  by  Israel  and  economic  recession,  the  Palestinian  Authority  was  not  able  to  reach  more 
than a 70% payment level for monthly salaries. 

Through its regional economic cooperation, the EU continued to support  resilient,  sustainable and 
inclusive economic growth and job creation in the Southern Neighbourhood, in line with the Agenda 
for the Mediterranean of 2021 and its accompanying Economic and Investment Plan, as well as with 
the shared priorities under the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) policy framework. 

In  2024,  regional  UfM  platforms,  notably  on  Trade  and  on  Employment,  helped  advance  the  UfM 
agenda  and  prepare  upcoming  ministerial  meetings  planned  for  2025.  Under  the  regional  TEI  on 
‘Jobs through trade and investment in the Southern Neighbourhood’, the EU joined forces with five 
Member  States,  the  European  Investment  Bank,  the  European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and 
Development  and  the  European  Training  Foundation,  to  boost  economic  development  and 
employment in the region, collectively mobilising up to EUR 2.9 billion. 

As  concrete  achievements  in  2024,  the  TEI  notably  led  to  the  establishment  of  the  first  regional 
impact  fund  to  support  social  enterprises  in  the  Southern  Neighbourhood,  jointly  with  Germany 
(EUR 16  million  from  the  EU,  EUR 35  million  from  Germany)  and  to  a  EUR 10  million  joint  new 
regional initiative supporting job creation through e-commerce co-funded by the EU and Germany. 

The  EU  launched  new  regional  programmes  promoting  green  and  circular  economy,  women 
entrepreneurs’ access to finance, and youth economic engagement particularly for young people not 
in  education,  employment  or  training.  The  EU  also  further  supported  economic  governance  and 
public finance management, notably partnering with International Monetary Fund - METAC, as well 
as budget transparency, participation and oversight in collaboration with civil society. 

The  EU  concluded  and  took  stock  of  regional  trade  and  investment  support  programmes  with 
significant  achievements  in terms of analytics and policy advice,  notably to enhance  the impact of 
trade  and investment on job creation, and it built on the recommendations with a new project  to 
work  with  the  International  Labour  Organisation  on  mainstreaming  employment  in  trade  and 
investment. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

The  2024  regional  programme  ‘Support  for  Digital  Transition  in  the  Southern  Neighbourhood’ 
addresses  enhancement  of  digital  skills  and  literacy  in  the  private  sector  across  the  Southern 
Neighbourhood,  to  promote  equal  business  opportunities  and  foster  job  creation.  It  aims  to  align 
digital skills with the European Digital Competence Framework, standardise digital service quality in 
collaboration with service multipliers and establish a regional digital skills platform to address skill 
gaps  and  enhance  coordination  among  stakeholders.  Additionally,  it  seeks  to  train  private-sector 
service providers and develop SME training networks. 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 

147 

 
 
 
In Morocco, the  digitalisation, science,  technology, innovation, and infrastructure areas have  been 
addressed in a uniform manner across a large portion of ongoing cooperation programmes, starting 
with budget support for public administration reform. 

Migration and forced displacement 

In  2024,  the  Southern  Neighbourhood  faced  complex  challenges  impacting  migration  and  forced-
displacement  patterns, driven by geopolitical, socio-economic and environmental factors. Conflicts 
in the Middle East and Sudan, coupled with the ongoing repercussions of Russia’s aggression against 
Ukraine and regional economic downturns, have fuelled irregular migration towards Europe as well 
as forced displacement in the region. 

In 2024, the EU followed up the four action plans tackling migration challenges across the four main 
migratory routes, the implementation of the EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding in the area 
of migration, the migration and mobility pilar of the Strategic and Comprehensive Partnership signed 
with  Egypt,  and  continued  engagement  on  migration  and  forced  displacement  with  other  partner 
countries in the Southern Neighbourhood. 2024 also saw a rapid development of the EU’s migration 
policy with the adoption of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum on 11 June 2024. 

The 2024 adopted regional migration programmes (EUR 208 million) targeted border management, 
anti-smuggling  and  combating  trafficking  in  human  beings,  protection  assistance,  return  and 
reintegration and legal migration and travel. The latter funding support was also provided under the 
Talent  Partnerships  launched  in  North  African  countries  to  boost  mutually  beneficial  international 
mobility  based  on  better matching  of  labour market  needs  and skills  between the  EU  and  partner 
countries. 

In  the  Middle  East,  the  EU  continued  to  provide  support  in  response  to the  Syrian  crisis,  ensuring 
access to basic services to refugees from Syria in neighbouring countries, internally displaced people 
in  Syria  and  their  hosting  communities  in  the  region.  Following  the  escalation  of  hostilities  in 
Lebanon,  the  EU  extended  its  support  to  the  internally  displaced  people,  including  refugees  from 
Syria, and reoriented a part of its assistance to the emergency response, addressing arising needs in 
access  to  health,  education,  water  and  social  services.  The  EU  continued  to  support  Palestinian 
refugees in the region. 

Governance, peace and security 

In  Syria,  the  EU  continued  supporting  access  to  international  justice  mechanisms  for  survivors  of 
international crimes and human rights violations while backing efforts to monitor and report abuses 
inside  Syria  through  human  rights  defenders  and  investigative  journalism.  Support  was  also 
extended  to  organisations  working  on  the  Missing  Persons  file  starting  with  capacity  assessments 
and training plans for assisting victims’ families. 

Following  the  events  of  7 October  2023,  EU-led  initiatives,  such  as  the  Peace  Day  efforts,  have 
gained  further  urgency  in  view  of  reviving  the  stalled  Middle  East  peace  process.  The  EU  also 
prioritised  leveraging  the  Global  Alliance  for  the  implementation  of  the  two-state  solution  as  a 
platform to coordinate international support towards achieving a sustainable solution to the conflict. 

The EU, United Nations and World Bank conducted a Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (IRDNA) 
of Gaza, which estimated over USD 50 billion in damages. This assessment will guide the Palestinian 
Authority’s Gaza Relief and Recovery Plan. 

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Regarding the rule of law, the appointment of a new Minister of Justice to the Palestinian Authority 
brought  positive  momentum  to  the  sector,  marked  by  a  strong  commitment  to  reforms  and 
renewed energy within the Justice Sector Working Group that brings the donors and the Minister of 
Justice  together  at  regular  intervals.  Justice-related  milestones  have  been  integrated  into  the 
Palestinian  Authority  reform  agenda  that  will  be  supported  by  EU  programmes.  Two  grants  were 
attributed to support training programmes for judges and prosecutors and to establish an institute 
for studies in international humanitarian law and human rights. 

Under  the  first  half  of  the  EUR 1  billion  financial  support  package  for  Lebanon  announced  by  the 
President  of  the  European  Commission,  EUR 70  million  were  allocated  for  Lebanon’s  stability  and 
security  through  support  to  the  Lebanese  Armed  Forces  and  other  security  forces.  Further  overall 
support to the Lebanese Armed Forces under the European Peace Facility (EPF) amounted to EUR 22 
million in 2024. 

In  addition,  EUR 20  million  were  allocated  to  support  post-conflict  recovery  in  the  areas  worst 
impacted  by  the  crisis.  In  Lebanon,  the  EU  continued  supporting  the  government  in  the 
implementation  of  urgent  governance  reforms  needed  for  addressing  the  country’s  economic  and 
institutional  crises.  In  response  to  a  request  by  the  Prime  Minister,  the  EU  drafted  a  Reform 
Roadmap  outlining  priority  reforms,  together  with  Lebanese  and  international  partners  under  the 
‘Reform, Recovery, and Reconstruction Framework - 3RF’. 

To  promote  public  administration  reform  and  anti-corruption  policies  in  Lebanon,  the  EU  worked 
with  the  National  Anticorruption  Commission,  Civil  Service  Board  and  the  Court  of  Accounts  to 
strengthen their oversight role and supported the implementation of the public procurement law. In 
the context of the escalating crisis, the ‘Building Integrity and National Accountability in Lebanon  – 
BINA’  project  adapted  its  advocacy  campaigns  to  ensure  transparency  in  aid  distribution  to  foster 
accountability and build public trust in the process. 

Similarly, in Algeria, a twinning project with the Court of Auditors reinforced capacities in financial 
auditing,  public  policy  evaluation  and  digital  transformation,  contributing  to  greater  transparency 
and accountability of public finance. 

Furthermore,  military  support  to  Jordan  and  Egypt  under  the  EPF  amounted  to  EUR 20.25  million 
and EUR 20 million in 2024, respectively. 

At the regional level, the EU continued to work in close partnership with Justice and Home Affairs 
agencies within the programmes ‘Euromed Police’, ‘Euromed Justice’ and ‘EU4MONITORING Drugs’. 

Food security and nutrition 

In Syria, the food security portfolio continued to focus on building resilience,  fostering innovation, 
livelihoods.  The  EU  supported  agricultural 
and  promoting  sustainability 
transformation  and  modernisation  by  encouraging  sustainable  practices  and  diversification  while 
enhancing  community  resilience  through  local  agri-food  systems  and  rural  adaptation  efforts.  In 
Lebanon,  to  strengthen  food  security  amidst  the  escalating  conflict,  the  ‘Promoting  the  local 
economy in Northeast Bekaa’ project distributed food parcels to people displaced by the conflict. 

in  agriculture  and 

In  February  2024,  the  EU  launched  the  EUR 25.6  million  ‘Gaza  Water  Supply’  project  to  improve 
water  availability,  quality  and  management  in  Gaza.  In  partnership  with  UNICEF,  the  EU  has 
implemented critical action to provide immediate relief. The project ensured access to safe drinking 
water  for 600 000  people  across three  governorates  for  at  least 120  days.  It  kept  South  Gaza  and 

149 

 
 
Middle  Area  desalination  plants  operational,  delivered  essential  supplies  and  supported  urgent 
repairs to wells and the damaged water network. 

Case study 

In the context of the Middle East peace process, the regional programme EU Peacebuilding Initiative 
(EUPI)  continued  to  be  jointly  managed  by  the  EU  Delegation  to  Israel  and  the  EU  Representative 
Office  for  West  Bank  and  Gaza,  with  the  inclusion  of  civil  society  bodies,  to  ensure  improved 
relations  and  to  build  sustainable  peace,  based  on  the  two-state  solution  and  respect  for  human 
rights, tolerance and mutual understanding. 

Under  the  2023  decision,  EUR 5  million  was  allocated  to  the  EUPI  with  the  global  objective  of 
enhancing public and political support for the two-state solution among specific constituencies and 
groups in Israel and Palestine** through positive engagement by civil society. The call for proposals 
published in mid-January 2024 attracted significant interest from civil society organisations in Israel 
and Palestine**. 

4.5.2.3. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters 

The  massive  escalation  of  violence  in  the  Middle  East  following  the  terrorist  attack  on  Israel  of 
7 October  2023  has  led  to  large-scale  destruction  in  the  Gaza  Strip  and  resulted  in  a  catastrophic 
humanitarian  crisis  of  unprecedented  scale  and  severity.  Humanitarian  needs  in  all  sectors  are 
massive. The entire population of Gaza (2.1 million) is exposed to security and protection risks and 
forced  displacement.  They  have  scant  access  to  food,  water,  or  basic  services.  Violence  has  also 
escalated on the West Bank, including in East Jerusalem. The EU committed over EUR 237 million in 
2024.  To  complement  the  funding  effort,  the  Commission  continued  the  operational  support  to 
partners with 32 EU humanitarian air bridge (HAB) flights, which transported 2 705 metric tonnes of 
aid, including 554 metric tonnes of EU stockpiles donated to partners. 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  crisis,  the  UCPM  has  been  activated  14  times  in  support  of  affected 
countries and international organisations operating in a very restrictive environment. Seven of these 
activations occurred in 2024. The UCPM has provided critical support to Egypt’s healthcare system 
with specialised medical equipment for Gaza evacuees in need of medical services. Additionally, the 
UCPM  has  supported  the  WHO's  Emergency  Medical  Team  Coordination  Cell  (EMTCC)  in  Cairo  by 
deploying experts. 

Furthermore, the WHO requested UCPM assistance to medically evacuate Palestinian patients from 
Egypt and Gaza. In 2024, 51 Palestinian patients and 118 of their companions were evacuated from 
Cairo,  while  23  Palestinian  patients  and  63  companions  were  evacuated  from  Gaza.  Further,  in 
March  2024,  a  UCPM  logistical  hub  was  established  in  Cyprus  to  facilitate  the  delivery  of  in-kind 
assistance to Gaza. 

In  2024, the  EU  continued  to  address  the  humanitarian  needs  of  the  Syrian  population,  as well as 
those  of  Syrian  refugees  and  vulnerable  host  communities  in  neighbouring  countries  (Türkiye, 
Lebanon,  Jordan,  Egypt,  and  Iraq).  With  16.7  million  people  in  need  of  humanitarian  assistance 
life-saving  and  humanitarian  early  recovery 
inside  Syria,  the  EU  maintained 

its  focus  on 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 
** Ibid. 

150 

 
 
 
interventions,  with  an  overall  funding  allocation  of  over  EUR 163  million.  This  included  additional 
funds to address the critical humanitarian needs resulting from the influx of people fleeing hostilities 
in Lebanon and the escalating conflict inside Syria, which ultimately led to the collapse of the Assad 
regime in December 2024. 

In Lebanon, beyond the regular programming to address the pre-existing crises, the EU allocated an 
additional  EUR 25  million  in  humanitarian  funding  to  provide  crucial  support  (in  terms  of  food, 
protection, shelter, and health services) to populations affected by the conflict between Hezbollah 
and  Israel,  which  led  to  large-scale  displacement.  The  total  EU  humanitarian  funding  in  2024 
exceeded EUR 92 million. In October 2024, the UCPM conducted assisted departures for EU Member 
State  and  UCPM  Participating  state  citizens,  evacuating  1 037  people  (867  passengers  from  EU 
Member  States  and  UCPM-participating  states  and  170  from  other  countries)  from  Lebanon. 
Additionally, the UCPM has delivered medical supplies, donated by nine EU Member States. 

Libya  remains  a  major  departure  point  for  migrants  seeking  to  reach  Europe. Since  April  2023,  an 
estimated  385 000  Sudanese  refugees  have  fled  to  Libya.  56 000  are  registered  with  UNHCR  in 
Tripoli. About 4 700 out of the 56 000 registered refugees are estimated to be held in dire conditions 
in  detention  centres  in  Libya.  The  EU  provided  an  emergency  allocation  of  EUR 1.5  million  in 
humanitarian  funding  to tackle  the  most  urgent  needs  of  the  people  affected,  focusing on  health, 
water and sanitation. 

Egypt is also a country of destination and transit for refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants from the 
Middle East and East Africa. Since April 2023, a significant number of people fleeing the conflict in 
Sudan  (over  1.2  million)  have  entered  the  country.  Refugees  and  asylum  seekers  face  severe  and 
multiple  barriers  in  accessing  registration  and  basic  services.  The  continued  influx  of  refugees  and 
migrants  coincides  with  Egypt’s  worst  economic  recession  in  decades.  Around  38%  of  all  refugees 
and  asylum  seekers  in  Egypt  are  children,  with  increasing  numbers  of  unaccompanied  minors  and 
separated  children.  In  2024  the  EU’s  intervention  in  Egypt  of  EUR 9  million  focused  on  cash 
assistance and education. 

Still  without  a  resolution  for  the  five-decade  long  political  conflict,  tens  of  thousands  of  Sahrawi 
refugees remain stranded in a forgotten and protracted humanitarian crisis. Gathered in five camps 
around  Tindouf  in  the  Algerian  Sahara  Desert,  the  Sahrawi  refugees  depend  on  external 
humanitarian assistance. The political sensitivities, as well as extreme conditions thwart any short-
term  perspectives  for  return,  integration  or  resettlement  and  deter  the  interest  of  development 
organisations. In 2024, the Commission deployed projects amounting to EUR 9 million to respond to 
the basic need of Sahrawi refugees in camps. This amount includes EUR 5 million provided for food 
and  nutrition  assistance.  Other  assistance  included  support  to  improve  the  quality  of  primary 
education, the supply of essential medicines and the provision of safe drinking water. 

4.5.2.4. Crisis response and preparedness 

In Libya, the EU maintained its engagement to support the political processes, including through the 
strengthening of joint security  efforts and emphasis on human security. Already before  the  war in 
Gaza,  the  EU  was  supporting  efforts  to  promote  a  Middle  East  peace  process.  This  response  was 
increased  following  the  7  October  attacks  and  the  military  response  in  Gaza.  In  addition  to 
promoting peace efforts, the response focused on preventing the spillover of full-scale conflict into 
the West Bank; healthcare support (including mental health) and de-mining action. 

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In addition to action in Israel and Palestine**, support was also provided to Egypt to build up medical 
capacity to cater for medical evacuees from Gaza. Earlier during 2023, support was also provided to 
Egypt  for  its  response  to  the  significant  number  of  people  fleeing  the  civil  war  in  neighbouring 
Sudan. 

Under  the  thematic  funding  for  global  and  trans-regional  threats,  specific  facilities  established  to 
support partner countries’ efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism were instrumental in 
mobilising expertise  and increasing the  preparedness and response  capacities of countries  such as 
Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia, and supporting the organisation of live exercises to test and improve 
operational response and inter-agency coordination. 

In 2024 the EU integrated border management assistance mission in Libya (EUBAM Libya) continued 
to contribute to enhancing the capacity of the relevant Libyan authorities and agencies to manage 
Libya’s  borders,  fight  cross-border  crime,  including  human  trafficking  and  migrant  smuggling,  and 
counterterrorism. 

4.6.  Overseas countries and territories (OCTs) 

4.6.1. 

Introduction (policy developments) 

The  13  Overseas  Countries  and  Territories  (OCTs)  are  non-sovereign  entities  that  maintain  special 
constitutional links to Denmark, France and the Netherlands. The territories embrace an increasingly 
strategic role for the EU, as ambassadors of European values in their regions, and bring with them 
important  assets,  such  as  vast  exclusive  economic  zones;  the  potential  to  host  strategic 
infrastructure (Galileo); and access to many critical raw materials. 

Due to their geographical location and historical background, these territories hold strong historical, 
social,  environmental,  cultural  and  economic  ties  with  the  EU  and  its  outermost  regions  (ORs).  In 
addition,  the  new  Partnership  Agreement  between  the  EU  and  the  Organisation  of  the  African, 
Caribbean  and  Pacific  (ACP)  States,  signed  in  2023,  encourages  regional  and  intra-regional 
cooperation between ACP-countries, ORs and OCTs. 

Despite the significant diversity among them, the OCTs share similar characteristics and challenges: 
geographical isolation resulting in high transportation costs, small economies and local markets, high 
dependency on imports, poor diversification of exports, insufficient transport and digital networks, 
low  competitiveness  and  limited  institutional  capacity.  In  the  context  of  globalisation,  efforts  to 
enhance  the  OCTs’  competitiveness  and  unlock  their  potential  are  necessary  to  ensure  they  can 
capitalise on their assets. 

The EU-OCTs partnership is framed by the Decision on the Overseas Association including Greenland 
(DOAG)(106).  The  DOAG  contributes  to  the economic  and  social  development of  the  territories  and 
helps  tackling  challenges, such  as climate  change  and  biodiversity  loss.  For 2021-2027,  the  EU  has 
earmarked, under the DOAG, financial support to the value of EUR 500 million for the OCTs. Priority 
sectors for cooperation are education, biodiversity, digital development, climate and energy, in line 
with the EU twin transition goals, and the objectives of the Global Gateway strategy. 

** This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual 
positions of the Member States on this issue. 
106 Council Decision (EU) 2021/1764 of 5 October 2021. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2021/1764/oj/eng 

152 

 
 
 
The institutional dialogue between the EU and the OCTs is provided for in Article 14 of the DOAG. 
While  the  annual  OCTs-EU  Forum  brings  together  OCT  authorities,  Member  State  representatives 
and  the  Commission,  tripartite  consultations  between  the  parties  are  organised  to  follow  up  on 
issues of common interest. In 2024, the institutional EU-OCTs dialogue took place regularly, including 
through  three  tripartite  meetings  and  the  holding  of  the  OCTs-EU  Forum.  The  Forum  highlighted, 
once more, that the territories belong to the European family, with shared values, and contribute to 
the  EU’s  global  ambition  to  consolidate  alliances,  address  mutual  challenges  and  exploit  common 
opportunities. 

Relations with Greenland were particularly active in 2024, with the opening of an EU Office in Nuuk, 
a significant milestone in a rapidly evolving international context. The EU and Greenland held regular 
policy  and  political  dialogue  meetings  throughout  the  year  and  broadened their  cooperation  from 
the  traditional  education  sector  to  the  area  of  green  growth,  including  the  development  of  the 
critical raw materials (CRM) sector. A first-ever EU business mission took place in October 2024 and 
allowed  for the  tightening  of  EU-Greenland  economic  relations  and  a  stronger involvement of  the 
private sector in the partnership. 

4.6.2. 

Implementation 

Human development and inequalities 

A good education for all is the best equaliser in society, allowing citizens to improve their livelihood 
opportunities. 

Aruba concluded the implementation of its 11th EDF territorial programme on higher education with 
the  roll-out  of  the  Science,  Technology,  Engineering  and  Mathematics  (STEM)  curriculum  of  the 
University and the completion of the infrastructure works for the physical set-up of the new faculty 
and laboratories, that were inaugurated in May 2024. 

In Bonaire, the 11th EDF budget support programme on youth ended with the adoption of the Youth 
Policy,  to  engage  young  people  and  assist  them  in  becoming  active  educated  citizens  involved  in 
democracy and society. 

In Greenland, the EU budget support to education for 2023-2024 under the DOAG focuses on re- and 
up-skilling,  improved  curricula  for  vocational  education  and  student  well-being.  One  of  the 
objectives  is  to  enhance  learning  outcomes  as  well  as  entrepreneurial  and  innovation  skills  to 
respond to projected labour market demands, especially in emerging sectors of the economy such as 
sustainable raw materials and renewable energy. 

Gender equality is an important cross-cutting theme of the EU-OCTs cooperation. New action during 
2024  included  the  development  of  gender-sensitive  indicators  and  sex-disaggregated  data  in  the 
programmes, whenever possible. 

Green Deal 

The  EU-OCTs  partnership  promotes  long-term  sustainable  economic  development  and  welfare. 
Green  Deal  principles  have  been  pivotal  for  the  partnership,  given  the  specific  vulnerabilities  and 
needs of the OCTs. 

The  11th  EDF  thematic  programme  ‘Green  Overseas’  (GO),  covers  the  current  EU  OCTs  and  the 
former  British  Overseas  Territories  (BOTs).  Started  in  2019,  the  programme  focuses  on  advancing 
adaptation  and  resilience  to  climate  change,  including  via  support  to  the  roll-out  of  renewable 
energy projects. In 2024, the demand-driven GO Facility helped the territories to prepare investment 

153 

 
 
projects, with a total of 34 projects for studies or technical assistance on action directly  related to 
climate  change.  The  programme  organised  a  Climate  Finance  Forum  in  Brussels  in  October  2024 
bringing together over 120 participants to discuss climate finance, covering themes such as accessing 
multilateral  and  bilateral  funds,  unlocking  private  finance,  creating  an  enabling  environment  and 
building financial resilience. 

In  the  Pacific,  the  11th  EDF  regional  programme  PROTEGE  (Pacific  Territories  Regional  Project  for 
Sustainable  Ecosystem  Management,  EUR 36  million),  that  came  to  its  end  in  2024,  successfully 
supported the fight against climate change and ecosystem degradation. It also promoted the sharing 
of best agricultural and fisheries practices among the Pacific OCTs. A new regional action of EUR 36 
million,  adopted  in  2024  under  the  DOAG  for  the  blueing(107)  and  greening  of  food  systems,  will 
continue these efforts. 

In the Caribbean, the 11th EDF regional programme RESEMBID (Resilience, Sustainable Energy and 
Marine Biodiversity, EUR 42.7 million) focuses on resilience building, sustainable energy and marine 
biodiversity. In 2024, implementation continued at an accelerated pace through 47 grant  projects. 
Building  on  this  experience,  a  new  regional  programme  of  EUR 21  million  under  the  DOAG  was 
adopted in 2024 to support sustainable management of natural capital in the Caribbean OCTs. 

In the Indian Ocean, the 11th EDF RECI programme (Restoration of Island Ecosystems, EUR 4 million) 
ended  in  December  2024,  with  significant  achievements  on  enhanced  biosecurity,  ecological 
restoration  activities  and  the  eradication  of  invasive  species  in  the  French  Southern  and  Antarctic 
Territories (TAAF). A new action worth EUR 4 million has been prepared under the 2021-2027 DOAG 
budget for this region, to further promote the  preservation of marine  ecosystems and  sustainable 
management of natural resources. 

In addition, in 2024, a dedicated component of the 2021-2027 BESTLIFE programme for outermost 
regions and OCTs continued to scale up its activities on biodiversity and nature conservation in the 
OCTs. 

Access to water and sanitation, healthier drinking water, integrated management of water resources 
and the construction of water collection systems and treatment facilities are all addressed through 
bilateral  cooperation  with  French  Polynesia  (EUR 31.1  million),  Bonaire  (EUR 4.6  million)  and 
Curacao (EUR 18.6 million) under the DOAG. 

Sustainable energy transition receives support under the DOAG in New Caledonia (EUR 30.9 million), 
Saba  (EUR 4.1  million),  Greenland  (as  part  of  the  EUR 22.5  Green  Growth  programme)  and  Sint 
Maarten  (EUR 7.7  million).  For  New  Caledonia,  the  territorial  programme  contributes  to  the 
decarbonisation of the mining industry, a main driver of the economy and responsible for 77% of the 
territory’s  total  energy  consumption.  In  Saba,  the  EU  is  helping  to  accelerate  the  transition  to  a 
low-carbon economy and a substantially improved energy mix, with more renewables and increased 
energy  efficiency.  In  Greenland,  the  target  is  to  increase  renewable  energy  in  public  electricity 
provision to 90% of the total in the coming years. 

Since  2023,  the  EU  has  also  been  teaming  up  with  Greenland  in  the  domain  of  sustainable  raw 
materials,  critical  for  the  clean  energy  transition.  Following  the  signing  of  a  Memorandum  of 
Understanding  on  establishing  sustainable  raw  materials  value  chains  between  the  EU  and 

107 https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/publication/vital-roles-blue-foods-global-food-system_en 

154 

 
 
 
Greenland in November 2023, a first-ever and successful business mission took place in Greenland in 
June 2024. 

Sustainable growth and jobs 

Sustainable economic growth, full employment  and decent work are  supported through dedicated 
programmes under the DOAG: on sustainable tourism (Saint Pierre et Miquelon, EUR 27 million, and 
Wallis and Futuna, EUR 20.4 million), sustainable agriculture (Sint Eustatius, EUR 2.9 million), green 
growth (Greenland, EUR 22.5 million) and e-government (Aruba, EUR 14.2 million). 

The  OCTs  are  currently  eligible  for  the  InvestEU  initiative,  which  supports  private  and  public 
investment  in  four  policy  areas:  sustainable  infrastructure;  research,  innovation  and  digitisation; 
small and medium-sized businesses; and social investment and skills. Under InvestEU, OCTs are also 
eligible for the Advisory Hub, which furnishes advisory services to support project preparation. 

Digitalisation, science, technology, innovation and infrastructure 

Connectivity is one of the priorities of the EU’s strategic partnership with the OCTs, leading to more 
prosperous, open, and inclusive societies. 

Cooperation with Aruba is a good example of how the EU fosters innovation. Building on previous 
achievements,  the  EU  is  teaming  up  with  Aruba  for  2021-2027  through  a  EUR 14.2  million 
programme under the DOAG, to roll out its ambitious e-government-strategy, including the setting-
up of e-government work processes, an e-ID system and a cybersecurity policy framework, as well as 
the  introduction  of  digital  payments.  Aruba’s  digital  transformation  aims  to  ease  online  access  to 
government  services  and  unlock  new  economic  opportunities  for  all,  including  women  and  young 
people. 

The  intra-regional  cooperation  budget  under  the  DOAG,  adopted  in  late  2023,  also  represents  a 
perfect  opportunity  to  deepen  our  ties  on  sustainable  connectivity  (including  submarine  cables), 
driving the green and digital twin transition under the Global Gateway strategy, in cooperation with 
EU partner countries in the respective regions. 

Governance, peace and security 

All EU-funded action in the OCTs intends to reinforce the capacity, accountability and inclusiveness 
of their institutions. This is often best achieved through a mix of budget support, policy dialogue on 
sector reforms and cooperation on public financial management. 

Funded under the 11th EDF Technical Cooperation Facility, the OCTs’ Youth Network (OCT-YN) was 
launched in 2022. It enables a group of 25 young people to embark on a one-year learning path, to 
explore the EU-OCTs partnership and the functioning of the European institutions, while networking 
with  EU  experts  and  policymakers  and  like-minded  young  people  from  other  OCTs.  In  2024,  the 
second  cohort  successfully  finished  their  mandate,  and  a  new  cohort  of  25  young  people  was 
selected and took part in a study visit to Brussels. 

Food security and nutrition 

The  OCTs  share  particular  vulnerabilities,  resulting  in  a  complex  set  of  food  security  and  nutrition 
challenges. In 2021-2027, the EU is supporting sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition in 
several OCTs. 

The  regional  Pacific  programme  for  the  blueing  and  greening  of  food  systems,  adopted  in  2024 
(EUR 36 million), will promote sustainable production and healthy food consumption. The regional 

155 

 
 
Caribbean  programme  for  the  sustainable  management  of  natural  capital,  also  decided  in  2024 
(EUR 21  million),  and  the  cooperation  with  Sint  Eustatius  (EUR 2.9  million),  aim  at  strengthening 
food and nutrition security by developing sustainable and resilient local food value chains. 

Case study 

In  Saba,  the  EU  has  been  supporting  sustainable  and  resilient 
energy since 2017. EUR 3.55 million were allocated under the 11th 
EDF  to  the  improvement  of  the  energy  mix  of  Saba  in  favour  of 
renewable  energies.  Together  with  the  Netherlands,  the  EU 
invested in solar energy, generating up to 2 megawatts and bringing 
the  share  of  renewable  energy  in  the  island’s  total  electricity  to 
approximately 40%. 

Since 2023, the EU continues assisting Saba with EUR 4.1 million of 
budget  support  for  the  implementation  of  the  Saba  Energy  Policy 
2020-2025, which is set to increase the share of renewable energy 
to 60%. This objective should be  achieved through, among others, 

© European Union, 2024 / Marti Pera 
Planas 

the  construction  of  additional  renewable  energy  infrastructure 
(including  a  new  solar  park)  and  the  development  of  an  energy 
efficiency  programme.  The  recently  published  energy  efficiency 
policy  2024-2026  becomes  a  significant  part  of  this  strategic  cycle  and  has  kick-started  with  an 
awareness-raising and educational campaign. 

156 

 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  Managing aid 

5.1.  Monitoring, reporting and evaluation 

5.1.1.  Reporting 

Reporting on the NDICI-Global Europe instrument 

The  Global  Europe  Results  Framework  (GERF)  is  the  main  tool  to  monitor  and  report  on  progress 
towards  objectives  of  the  NDICI-Global  Europe  instrument  throughout  its  implementation.  Key 
performance  indicators  contained  in  Annex  6  of  the  Regulation  are  used  together  with  data  from 
other existing results reporting, external monitoring reviews and evaluations to assess the extent to 
which  specific  objectives  have  been  achieved.  Reporting  requirements  cover  all  regions  and 
modalities  established  by  the  NDICI-Global  Europe  instrument,  including  the  European  Fund  for 
Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+).  

2024 is the fourth year of financial execution of the NDICI-Global Europe, so (as announced before), 
some  operational  results  have  started  to  materialise.  Due  to  the  inevitable  time  lag  between 
financing  a  intervention  and  implementing  the  action  and  generating  results,  a  significant  part  of 
results – in terms of outputs or outcomes of NDICI-Global Europe-funded interventions – is expected 
to materialise towards the end of the current multiannual financial framework (MFF). 

This time lag between financing and results is a structural feature that is common to any MFF cycle. 
As the same is true for the previous MFF, Chapter 6 of this report presents the results of both the 
current  and  the  previous  MFF.  Results  data  presented  in  Chapter  3  of  this  report  refer  to  results 
achieved from ongoing interventions, financed both under the previous and the current MFF. 

Reporting on the IPA III instrument 

The  IPA  III  instrument  (Instrument  for  Pre-Accession)  has  introduced  a  set  of  requirements  to 
monitor  and  report  on  progress  towards  its  objectives  throughout  its  implementation.  The  IPA  III 
Programming  Framework  is  the  overarching  strategic  document  for  the  implementation  of  IPA  III 
under  the  current  MFF,  replacing  the  former  country-specific  strategy  papers.  It  focuses  on  the 
priorities  of  the  enlargement  process  according  to  five  thematic  Windows(108),  which  mirror  the 
clusters  of  negotiating  chapters  as  per  the  revised  enlargement  methodology.  It  also  provides  an 
indicative financial overview per Window and programming year. 

Each  thematic  Window,  with  a  number  of  thematic  priorities,  incorporate  indicators,  including 
baselines,  milestones  and  targets,  to  monitor  the  implementation  and  achievement  of  the 
framework’s objectives. The  basis for IPA III programming, monitoring, reporting and evaluation  is 
the IPA III Results Framework(109). Other existing results reporting, external monitoring reviews and 
evaluations to assess the extent to which specific objectives have been achieved complete the set of 
tools. 

As 2024 is the fourth year of IPA III implementation, therefore, and as announced before, the initial 
operational  results  have  just  started  to  materialise  (as  of  2023),  given  the  programming  and 

108 
 See Section 4.5.1. 
109 See https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-
12/SWD_2022_445_1_EN_document_travail_service_part1_v2.pdf 
. 

157 

 
 
 
implementation cycle. Like the NDICI-Global Europe mentioned above, due to the inevitable time lag 
between  financing  an  intervention,  only  few  results  –  in  terms  of  outputs  or  outcomes  of  IPA  III-
funded interventions – can be reported so far. 

The  results  data  presented  in  Chapter  3  of  this  report  refer  to  results  achieved  from  ongoing 
interventions, financed under both the previous and the current MFF. 

5.1.2.  Monitoring systems 

Over the past years, the Commission has engaged substantially in designing tools and processes for 
performance-based management. This is to facilitate monitoring and results reporting processes and 
respond  to  the  growing  need  for  data  to  capture  the  results  of  implementing  EU  external  action 
instruments.  It  is  set  in  a  wider  transition,  moving  from  a  focus  on  inputs  (mostly  financial)  to 
capturing  the  EU  contribution  to  the  achievement  of  intended  objectives  in  the  field  of  external 
cooperation, an area where being able to measure the impact of actions on target populations and 
systems is essential. 

As  of  today,  various  monitoring  arrangements  (internal  and  external)  are  in  place  focusing  on 
different  aspects  of  results-oriented  monitoring  (ROM),  such  as  implementation  progress  and 
achievement  of  objectives.  Among  these,  ROM  reviews  support  operational  staff  by  providing  an 
external and impartial assessment of ongoing interventions. The number of ROM reviews performed 
in 2024 was 510 under NDICI-Global Europe and 65 under IPA III. 

The  IT  platform  OPSYS  is  used  as  a  standard  tool  to  capture  results  for  corporate  reporting  and 
management  in  external  action.  OPSYS  creates  a  digital  repository  of  EU-funded  operations  and 
provides  central  access  to  all  stakeholders  involved,  both  inside  and  outside  the  Commission.  It 
assumes  a  pivotal  role  in  ensuring  that  the  Commission  can  deliver  on  the  ambitious  reporting 
obligations set for implementing the NDICI-Global Europe and IPA III instruments. 

The Commission, the EU Delegations and our implementing partners perform monitoring activities 
via  the  same  tool,  including  direct  reporting  by  implementing  partners  and  Commission  staff,  and 
data  aggregated  centrally  for  reporting  by  the  Commission.  There  are  now  15 602  interventions 
encoded  in  OPSYS  and  2 630  NDICI-Global  Europe  primary  interventions  were  involved  in  the  last 
results reporting exercise. 

5.1.3.  Reporting on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 

The  Commission  reports  on  SDGs  for  Global  Gateway  projects  and  flagship  initiatives,  official 
development assistance (ODA), TEIs and across financial instruments, including the Neighbourhood, 
Development and International Cooperation Instrument - Global Europe (NDICI-Global Europe). 

The reporting considers the transversal and interlinked nature of the SDGs, as a single commitment 
is often connected to several SDGs. Therefore, it is mandatory to report on one single main SDG and, 
where  applicable,  up  to  nine  other  SDGs  to  which  a  project  contributes  significantly.  With  this 
system,  the  sum  of  financial  flows  related  to  the  main  SDG  will  always  equal  the  total  amount  of 
financial flows, yet it is possible to report several SDGs for one project by using the ‘significant’ SDG 
field. As a result, a better understanding of the interlinkages between SDGs can be obtained. 

Global  Gateway  projects  and  flagship  initiatives  are reported  along  ‘main  and  significant  SDGs’  on 
the  Global  Gateway  platform.  Since  2024,  the  necessary  conditions  have  been  established  to 
monitor  all  Global  Gateway  initiatives  tracked  on  the  Global  Gateway  platform,  ensuring  that  the 
contribution of projects towards the SDGs is monitored. 

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For  ODA,  the  Commission  has  been  reporting  since  2019  on  its  contribution  to  the  SDGs,  in 
accordance with a decision from the Working Party on Development Finance Statistics of the OECD’s 
Development  Assistance  Committee  (DAC).  Targeted  SDGs  are  recorded  at  commitment  and 
payment  level  as  per  the  taxonomy  for  ODA  reporting.  Since  2019,  the  Commission  also  uses  the 
Total  Official  Support  for  Sustainable  Development  (TOSSD),  an  international  standard  measuring 
the  full  array  of  officially  supported  resources  to  promote  sustainable  development  in  developing 
countries including inter alia ODA, other official flows, South-South and Triangular Cooperation and 
private finance mobilised by official interventions. 

Between  2019  and  2022,  the  EU’s  average  annual  TOSSD  amounted  to  EUR 44.2  billion. 
Furthermore, the Commission is integrating the ‘SDG Mapper’, a text-based tool developed by the 
Joint Research Centre, in its reporting processes to support project officers to determine and identify 
prevalent SDG targets and indicators. The figures below show the volume of commitments by SDGs 
funded by NDICI-Global Europe.  

The  bar  with  saturated  colour  represents  the  financial  flows  to  the  main  SDG  while  the  bar  with 
transparent colour shows the contributions to other significant SDGs. 

Figure 8. Synthesis of the volume of Commitments for each SDG (as main SDG and significant SDG) in 
2024 – NDICI funded projects 

Table 1. Volume of commitments for each SDG in 2024 (EUR) 

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As can be seen from Figure 8 and Table 1 above, SDGs 1 (poverty eradication), 4 (quality education), 
8 (economic growth & decent work), 10 (reduce inequalities), 16 (peaceful & inclusive societies) and 
17 (partnerships) received the largest financial flows as main SDGs in 2024. 

During the same period, SDG 5 on gender equality is most targeted by projects as a significant SDG, 
followed  by  SDGs  8, 10  and  16.  This  underlines  the particularly  strong  transversal  nature  of  those 
SDGs that primarily seek to reduce social and economic inequality and strengthen institutions. It is 
worth flagging the large amount for projects that contribute significantly to SDG 5. This confirms the 
high level of gender mainstreaming across EU external action projects. 

SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) received the lowest contribution as a main SDG, 
while SDG 14 (life below water) received the lowest contribution in total. 

Figure 9. Commitments (NDICI-GE) by SDG to Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in 2024 (million EUR) 

Figure 10. Commitments (NDICI-GE) by SDG to Upper Middle-Income Countries (UMICs) in 2024 
(million EUR) 

It  is  also  possible  to  analyse  targeted  SDGs  by  the  income  group  of  countries,  showing  how  EU 
priorities are implemented depending on countries’ income levels. Figures 9 and 10 above show the 
SDGs targeted by the European Commission in LDCs and UMICs in 2024. 

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For  LDCs,  SDG 1  to  eradicate  poverty  and  SDG 16  on  promoting  peaceful  and  inclusive  societies 
dominate  as  main  SDGs,  while  more  transversal  SDGs  are  marked  most  often  as  ‘significant’,  in 
particular on gender equality, decent work, reducing inequality and climate action (SDGs 5, 8, 10 and 
13). In the case of UMICs, SDGs 1 and 10 dominate as main SDGs, while SDGs 10, 5 and 8, narrowly 
followed by SDGs 1 and 16 are the highest ‘significant’ SDGs. 

Figure 11. Relationship between SDGs commitments by SDG in 2024 – NDICI-GE (EUR) 

To  be  able  to  assess  the  interlinkages  between  SDGs,  Figure  11  above  illustrates  the  relationship 
between  main  and  significant  SDGs.  The  strongest  interlinkage  can  be  observed  between  SDG 5 
(gender equality) as a significant SDG and SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 16 (peaceful and inclusive 
societies), and SDG 17 (global partnerships), as main SDGs. This confirms the cross-cutting nature of 
gender equality. Another strong interlinkage  can be seen between SDGs 16 and 10. Overall, cross-
cutting  SDGs  such  as  SDG 8  (decent  work  and  economic  growth)  and  SDG 13  (climate)  are  highly 
linked to other SDGs. 

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5.1.4.  Evaluation – review of the work programme 

In  2024,  the  Commission  completed  eight  strategic  evaluations  in  the  field  of  EU  external  and 
humanitarian action comprising: 

1)  five thematic or partnership evaluations, including in the humanitarian sector: 

•  evaluation  of  the  contribution  to  the  implementation  of  the  Sustainable  Development 

Goals (SDGs), by the EU’s external action (2016-2021); 

•  evaluation of the EU’s external financing instruments (final: 2014-2020, mid-term: 2021-

2027); 

•  evaluation of EU cooperation with the World Bank (2014-2021); 

•  evaluation of DG ECHO’S external communication policy and action (2019 – 2023); and 

•  evaluation of DG ECHO’s partnership with UNICEF (2019-2023); 

2)  two geographic country or regional level evaluations: 

•  evaluation of the implementation of EU cooperation with the Federal Democratic 

Republic of Nepal (2014-2021); and 

•  evaluation of the EU’s humanitarian interventions in Central Africa (2019-2023); 

3)  one budget support evaluation: 

•  evaluation of EU budget support operations in Jamaica (2008-2021). 

By the end of 2024, 13 other strategic evaluations were in progress for the following areas: 

4)  six thematic or partnership evaluations, including in the humanitarian sector: 

•  evaluation of the EU Trust Fund Bekou for the period 2014-2023; 

•  evaluation of EU support for partner countries in the education sector (2014-2024); 

• 

• 

• 

intermediate evaluation of the implementation of the EU Gender Action Plan III (2021-
2027); 

final evaluation of the EU Emergency Trust Fund for stability and addressing root causes 
of irregular migration and displaced persons in Africa (2015-2024); 

comprehensive evaluation of the EU’s humanitarian aid (2017-2022); 

•  evaluation of DG ECHO’s Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) policy (2019-2023); 

5)  seven geographic country or regional level evaluations: 

•  evaluation of EU regional cooperation with ASEAN (2014-2024); 

•  evaluation of EU cooperation with South Sudan (2011-2023); 

•  evaluation of EU cooperation with Bangladesh (2014-2024); 

•  evaluation of EU cooperation with the Federal Republic of Nigeria (2014-2024); 

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• 

• 

strategic evaluation of the EU partnership with Mozambique (2014-2023); 

strategic evaluation of the EU partnership with the Democratic Republic of Congo (2021-
2024); and 

•  evaluation  of  the  EU’s  humanitarian  interventions  in  the  Southern  Africa  and  Indian 

Ocean (SAIO) region (2019-2023). 

5.1.5.  Lessons learned 

Evaluation of the contribution to implementing the SDGs, by the EU’s external action (2016-2021) 

The purpose of this evaluation was to provide an overall independent, evidence-based assessment 
of EU external action in the past, as well as current efforts to meet the SDGs and identify key lessons 
for future strategies, programmes and action in pursuit of SDG progress. 

Focused on the period from 2016 to 2021, it examined contributions to SDGs made by the European 
Commission’s  Directorate-General  for  International  Partnerships  (DG  INTPA)  and  the  former 
Directorate-General  for  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement  Negotiations  (DG  NEAR).  The  evaluation 
assessed the extent to which EU-established processes and tools have supported SDG contributions, 
the role of partnerships and coordination in enhancing SDGs, the mainstreaming of SDGs throughout 
EU practice and thinking and the overall contribution of its external action to SDG achievement. 

The  evaluation  also  sought  to  identify  good  practice  and  lessons  to  learn  to  inform  further  EU 
external action and partner efforts in pursuit of SDG progress. Among the lessons, three stand out: 

(1) The inherent danger of mainstreaming any subject is the risk of losing sight of it. It is one thing to 
keep  the  SDGs  visible  and  enable  reporting  on  them  in  high-level  documents  and  the  tracing  of 
financial flows; it is much harder to trace how SDGs have genuinely made a difference at a country 
level. 

(2)  Financial  flows  are  not  synonymous  with  contributions  or  results.  Financial  flow  tracking  is  an 
important first step but cannot be misconstrued with EU contributions nor SDG results (country-level 
goals and indicators). 

(3) Advances at the central/HQ level take time and resources to trickle down. For multiple dynamics, 
including mainstreaming and awareness building more generally, it is easy to get distracted by the 
energy  and  discourse  emanating  from  the central/HQ  level; meaningful  mainstreaming  of  SDGs  at 
the  level  of  national  partners  through  support  from  EU  Delegations  has  only  just  begun  in  most 
contexts and may require more  human and  financial resources to align the  approach and increase 
the reach. 

Evaluation of EU external financing instruments (final: 2014-2020, mid-term: 2021-2027) 

This  instruments  evaluation  offered  an  independent  assessment  of  the  fitness  for  purpose  of  the 
external  financing  instruments  (EFIs),  as  established  by  their  respective  legal  acts.  Specifically,  the 
evaluation provided an assessment on the EU added value, relevance and performance of EFIs, on 
their  flexibility  and  capacity  to  react  to  changing  political  and  policy  priorities  and  a  changing 
context,  on  internal  and  external  consistency  as  well  as  on  scope  for  further  simplification  of  the 
EFIs. 

It  was  embedded  in  the  broader  Commission  efforts  to  conduct  several  internal  mid-term  review 
processes which took place in parallel: a final evaluation of the EFIs under the multiannual financial 

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framework (MFF) for 2014-2020 and a mid-term evaluation of the new set of EFIs under the MFF for 
2021-2027. 

The following six key lessons were identified: 

(1) Managing the transition implied by the new EFIs requires more time, energy and creativity than 
expected. 

(2) When EFIs meet difficult contexts, ambitions must be realistic. 

(3) Sound new principles underpin the EFIs, yet they need to be carefully applied and managed. 

(4) The expanding external action mandate of the EU in increasingly difficult environments requires 
more sophisticated levels of knowledge and analysis. 

(5)  There  is  room  for  improvement  in  the  way  to  look  at  monitoring,  evaluation  and  results  and 
foster effective uptake of insights gained. 

(6)  The  turbulence  caused  by  an  increasingly  volatile  global  context  is  shaking  up  the  carefully 
designed EFI architecture and making further adaptations necessary. 

Evaluation of the implementation of EU cooperation with the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 
(2014-2021) 

Over the past decade, Nepal has faced significant challenges, including a devastating earthquake in 
2015, the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on its tourism and remittance-reliant economy, 
and, since the new constitution in 2015, the establishment of a federal state. Throughout this period 
the EU has been a key partner, supporting Nepal’s development goals, including its aims to graduate 
from  ‘least  developed  country’  status  by  2026.  This  partnership  focused  on  expanding  job 
opportunities,  improving  food security,  increasing  education  access,  enhancing  rural  infrastructure 
and promoting sustainable economic growth, especially in rural value chains. 

This  country  evaluation  analysed  EU  cooperation  with  Nepal,  covering  sustainable  rural 
development, nutrition, education, TVET, democracy and decentralisation. It applied an intercultural 
approach, on a pilot basis. The EU has been a frontrunner in terms of using budget support, first to 
the education sector and later extended to federalism, reconstruction, agriculture and nutrition. 

The longer the track record and the more development partners supporting the sector in question 
with budget support, the more effective it has been as an instrument. The benefits include increased 
ownership,  reduced  transaction  costs,  reduced  fragmentation  of  aid  and  a  boost  to  the 
government’s budget for service delivery. It has also subjected the EU aid to domestic accountability 
and fiscal oversight protocols, which have the potential to foster integrity and transparency. 

Evaluation of EU budget support operations in Jamaica (2008-2021) 

Jamaica’s  cooperation  programme  with  the  European  Union  is  primarily  implemented  through 
budget  support  modality.  Budget  support  is  an  effective  form  of  aid  delivery  for  countries  that 
demonstrate a strong commitment to stability-oriented macroeconomic policies and strengthening 
public  financial  management,  including  transparency  and  oversight  of  budgetary  operations,  and 
that have credible and relevant national/sectoral policies. This evaluation assessed the contribution 
of  this  aid  modality  to  the  achievement  of  development  objectives  in  Jamaica  and  its  specific 
advantages compared to other aid modalities. 

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During  the  2008-2021  period  Jamaica  benefited  from  six  budget  support  programmes  in  the 
following  sectors:  the  economic  sector,  with  debt  reduction  and  public  financial  management 
programmes; the justice and security sector, with three programmes focused on citizen security and 
justice  reform;  and  the  environment  sector, with  one  budget  support operation  focused on  forest 
management. 

EU budget support helped Jamaica overcome its strong macroeconomic and fiscal policy challenges 
– in coordination with other international development partners, EU programmes were instrumental 
in providing the Government of Jamaica with sufficient funds, and the budget support conditionality 
was  key  to  the  progress  made  with  public  finance  reform  and  improved  performance  of  public 
financial management in Jamaica. 

The continued support of the EU for justice and citizen reform has helped Jamaica to improve legal 
and policy frameworks and have more capable and modern security forces. And finally, it was also 
crucial to upgrade the importance of forest management within the Jamaican government. 

5.2.  Aid delivery modalities  

5.2.1.  Budget Support 

Altogether EUR 1.229 billion of EU budget support were disbursed in 2024. It accounted for 15.42% 
of  payments  under  NDICI-Global  Europe,  IPA  III,  DOAG  and  predecessor  instruments  with  still 
ongoing  operations.  EUR 639  million  supported  European  Neighbourhood  countries  and  EUR 40 
million  Western  Balkans  countries.  EUR 495  million supported countries  in  sub-Saharan  Africa,  the 
Americas  and  the  Caribbean,  Asia  and  the  Pacific  and  EUR 55  million  Overseas  Countries  and 
Territories (OCTs). Further details of the geographic and financial distribution of the budget support 
portfolio and of related payments are provided in Chapter 7. 

EU budget support is a policy-driven and a result-based instrument. This is a pivotal instrument for 
the  success  of the  Global Gateway  Investment  Agenda.  Countries’  policies  are  at  the  core  of each 
budget support operation with the reforms and investment that they require. A better investment 
climate in partner countries constitutes the bedrock on which Global Gateway investment can yield 
returns,  within  a  360-degree  approach  including  strengthening  institutions,  ensuring  effective 
regulations and values. 

Promoting  environmental/social  governance  standards,  budget  support  helps  partners  tackle 
challenges posed by climate change and combine their green growth agenda and the development 
of sustainable value chains with environment and biodiversity protection. 

165 

 
 
in  Cabo  Verde  focuses  on  two  strategic 
EU  Budget  Support 
objectives. The first addresses poverty reduction, gender equality and 
social 
inclusion,  by  enhancing  social  protection  policies  and 
expanding  access  to  secondary  education  for  girls.  This  supports 
national poverty eradication goals. 

The  second  promotes  inclusive  green  growth  by  advancing  policy 
reforms that facilitate the transition to renewable energy (and lower 
electricity tariffs), blue economy initiatives, sustainable tourism and a 
circular economy. 

Strengthening  the  public  finance  management  (PFM)  system  and 
pursuing  fiscal  reforms  to  increase  revenue  collection  were  firmly 
embedded  in  all  actions.  These  efforts  benefited  from  enhanced 
collaboration in a ‘Team Europe’ approach in 2024. 

© European Union 

The first performance incentive coming with budget support lies in the four criteria conditioning its 
provision: a relevant and credible public policy; stability-oriented macroeconomic policies; progress 
in public finance management and revenue mobilisation; and budget transparency and oversight. 

Results are further incentivised by performance tranches which are  disbursed in proportion to the 
achievement of specific targets drawn from countries’ policies. By working through country systems 
and strengthening them, EU budget support fosters partners’ capacities to sustain results. 

Budget  support  generally  comes  with  a  complementary  component  for  dedicated  technical 
assistance and capacity development for that purpose. It fosters domestic accountability, supporting 
civil society organisations as allies for transparency. 

As  part  of  the  Global  Gateway  strategy,  the  EU  budget  support 
contributed  to  Vietnam’s  sustainable  energy  transition.  930  energy 
managers  and  116  energy  auditors  were  trained  and  certified.  In 
addition, a total of 145 experts as well as 244 energy managers and 
technical  staff  from  industry  were  trained  on  energy  management 
systems  and  system  optimisation.  These  experts  will  work  on 
reducing the carbon footprint of firms. 

© European Union 

EU  budget  support  is  an  asset  for  Team  Europe  as  a  platform  for  policy  dialogue  to  promote 
regulatory  reforms  in  priority  sectors,  in  particular  alongside  or  ahead  of  Global  Gateway  flagship 
projects. 

166 

 
 
 
 
In Samoa, which faces the growing impact of climate change, EU 
budget  support  has  helped  the  country  improve  access  to 
sustainable,  safe  and  affordable  water,  along  with  enhanced 
sanitation and hygiene services. 

It  prioritised  action  on  watershed  management  plans,  water-
saving measures and a comprehensive National Drought Policy. 

These efforts have led to a 21% reduction in water losses. 

© European Union 

Budget  support  assists  countries 
their  economic  governance.  Sound 
in  strengthening 
macroeconomic  policies  boost  economic  resilience,  provide  a  more  secure  environment  for  long-
term  private-sector  investment  decisions  and  encourage  entrepreneurship.  Solid  public  finance 
management (PFM) is critical to mobilise domestic resources, use them efficiently and effectively to 
deliver public services and promote investment. 

Combined with efficient debt management (including innovative solutions like climate-resilient debt 
clauses), this provides more fiscal latitude (e.g. for investment) and strengthens market confidence 
to  contain the  borrowing costs  and  mitigate  debt vulnerabilities.  This  strategy  is  favouring  growth 
and transition to a green economy – and helping restore imbalances where needed. 

In  Jamaica,  the  EU’s  Digital  Budget  Support  Programme,  a  Global 
Gateway  flagship  initiative,  has  helped  the  country  strengthen  its 
digital  infrastructure  by  increasing  broadband  internet  access  and 
integrating  information  and  communication  technology  (ICT)  skills 
into teacher training curricula. 

In  2024,  the  programme  helped  connect  271  public  schools  and  18 
children’s  homes  to  wide-area  networks.  Additionally,  362  public 
schools  now  have  campus-wide  Wi-Fi,  and  Jamaica’s  National  ICT 
Competency  Framework  for  Teachers  was  updated  to  align  with 
international standards. 

With  80%  of  Jamaica’s  26 000  teachers  being  women,  the  initiative 
also has a strong gender dimension. 

© European Union 

Delivering on the Collect More, Spend Better approach agenda, integrating the revenue and spending 
sides of public finance management, is equally at the heart of the investment climate. It is often the 
other side of the conversation on business environment in partner countries. This is notably true for 
public  procurement,  public 
(equity,  transparency  and 
investment  management,  taxation 
predictability),  customs  administrations  (critical  for  trade  facilitation  and  the  fight  against  illicit 
trade) and the fight against corruption. Working on green public finance management and resource 
mobilisation can also steer public and individual behaviour towards sustainable choices. 

167 

 
 
 
 
Under  the  Global  Gateway  strategy,  the  EU  is  helping  Benin’s 
digital  transition  and  private-sector  growth  through  budget 
support. Benin has established an online platform which certifies 
businesses  in  three  days,  easing  legal  operations  and  access  to 
financial and trade opportunities. 

Tax  digitisation  in  major  cities  was  adopted  by  50%  of  small 
businesses. EU assistance also helped legally formalise businesses 
in cross-border trade, with formalisation rates rising from 37% to 
over 90% in two years. 

Additionally, the EU has helped create a monitoring system in the 
real  estate  sector  to  combat  money  laundering  and  terrorist 
financing, enhancing transparency and security. 

© European Union 

In addition, budget support was instrumental in 2024 as part of EU support to Ukraine to cope with 
the consequences of the Russian war of aggression. In the Eastern Neighbourhood, budget support 
continued to support sector reforms in social and governance sectors like  education and justice  in 
Armenia and Moldova to mitigate the socio-economic impact of the energy crisis. 

In response to Russia’s ongoing war of aggression, the EU provides 
Ukraine  with  budget  support  to  enhance  food  security  and 
directly support its school nutrition programme. 

This  initiative  benefited  over  700 000  primary  school  children  in 
grades  1-4  by  providing  school  meals,  thereby  helping  to  secure 
nutrition for the most vulnerable members of society. 

© European Union 

In the Southern Neighbourhood, budget support contributed to ensuring macroeconomic stability in 
Tunisia and advancing sector reforms in Morocco and Jordan, with a focus on vulnerable groups such 
as refugees and migrants. 

In Jordan, the EU Support for the Rule of Law programme helped 
the country greatly improve access to justice and public services. 

It  supported  the  construction  of  the  Palaces  of  Justice  in  Jerash 
and  Maan  and  helped  enhance  the  capacities  of  the  Judicial 
Council,  Ministry  of  Justice,  Judicial  Institute  and  Public  Security 
Directorate, 
leading  to  more  effective  and  efficient  public 
services. 

© European Union 

In 2024, the Commission expanded the scale of budget support in the Western Balkans by adopting 
the  Reform  and  Growth  Plans  for  the  six  beneficiaries  of  a  new  comprehensive  Western  Balkans 
Facility.  This  approach  builds  on  current  budget  support  practices.  The  amounts  allocated  to  the 
payment conditions are not linked to the actual costs incurred to meet them, but rather to the value 
of  the  actual  results  achieved,  while  observing  the  continuous  fulfilment  of  general  conditions 
(macroeconomic  stability,  public  finance  management  progress  and  budget  transparency).  Under 
the Facility, the EU releases loans that are paid to the national treasury and a part of these loans is 

168 

 
 
 
 
 
allocated  by  the  beneficiary  to  investment  projects  under  the  Western  Balkans  Investment 
Framework. 

In  Kosovo,  the  EU  Budget  Support  Energy  Package  helped 
enhance  energy  security  by  promoting  investment  in  energy 
efficiency and renewable energy thanks to energy reforms, such 
as  the  Law  on  Renewable  Energy  or  the  Law  on  Energy 
Performance  in  Buildings,  guided  by  the  2022-2031  Energy 
Strategy, the 2030 Climate and Energy Targets and the National 
Energy and Climate Plan. 

Over  300 000  households  improved  their  energy  efficiency, 
decreasing overall consumption and costs, while  approximately 
85 000 vulnerable consumers received direct subsidies to reduce 
their energy bills. 

© Nezir Neziri, Gjilan 

Budget  support  continues  to  prove  very  relevant  to  support  countries  in  situations  of  fragility  or 
facing crisis and exogenous shocks. Deployed as a part of a ‘Team Europe’ approach and in tandem 
with  the  International  Monetary  Fund  and  World  Bank  programmes,  it  helps  them  secure 
macroeconomic  stability,  contributing  to  fiscal  space  and  incentivising  critical  reforms  for  sound 
economic governance and state/economic resilience. 

In  Morocco,  EU  budget  support  for  the  HAKAMA  public 
administration reform has been key in enhancing the efficiency 
of use of public resources and the quality of services for citizens. 
By  pursuing  public  administration  reform,  this  programme  has 
contributed to the increase of the Open Budget Index from 38 in 
2015 to 47 in 2023. 

These successes demonstrate the HAKAMA programme’s role in 
boosting  budget  transparency  and  governance,  aligning  with 
global best practice. 

© European Union 

This  also  helps  bring  vulnerable  countries  closer  to  opportunities  offered  by  the  Global  Gateway 
strategy. State and Resilience Building Contracts can help bring them closer to Global Gateway and 
EFSD+ opportunities, as it was the case in Mauritania. 

The  EU is scaling up its Global Gateway initiative  in  Mauritania 
by  supporting  the  development  of  the  green  hydrogen  sector 
through EU budget support. 

It aims at helping the country establish the conditions for green 
hydrogen  production  by  enhancing  technical  and  vocational 
education  and  training,  improving  the  business  climate  and 
strengthening private-sector capabilities. 

EU  budget  support  also  helps  address  health,  migration  and 
forced  displacement  –  key  policy  priorities  in  Mauritania’s 
national development plan. 

© European Union 

In 2024, Sector Reform Performance Contracts accounted for 73% of new commitments, with State 
and  Resilience  Building  Contracts  accounting  for  27%.  No  new  SDG  contract  was  adopted.  As  a 
whole,  new  budget  support  programmes  adopted  in  2024  amounted  to EUR 718 million, of which 

169 

 
 
 
 
 
EUR 321  million  supported  countries  in  the  European  Neighbourhood  and  EUR 58  million  in  the 
Western Balkans. EUR 339 million supported other parts of the world, including OCTs with EUR 20 
million. 

In  the  Lao  People’s  Democratic  Republic,  EU  budget  support  has 
helped  address  the  imbalance  between  labour  supply  and  demand, 
particularly for young people, by promoting technical and vocational 
education  and  training  (TVET)  in  the  green  and  digital  economy 
sectors. 

In  2024,  following  increased  collaboration  with  the  private  sector, 
five new occupational standards were introduced in agriculture, the 
information  and  communication 
electric  vehicle 
technologies. 

industry  and 

Additionally, the Ministry of Education updated 45 TVET curricula to 
emphasise  skills-based  learning,  covering  essential  areas  necessary 
for sustainable development.  

© European Union 

These new operations are connected with the Global Gateway Investment Agenda (e.g. Liberia for 
agriculture value chains and forestry protection, Mauritania for green hydrogen and health, Timor-
Leste for digital transition and Vanuatu for climate-resilient food systems). 

The  design  and  implementation  of  budget  support  continued  to  build  on  a  sound  internal  risk 
management framework, which informs Commission’s policy dialogue and risk mitigation in partner 
countries.  This  framework  is  used  for  all  developing/emerging  countries  engaged  in  cooperation 
with the EU. 

The  conclusions  stemming  from  the  analysis  apply  to  all  actions,  not  just  to  budget  support 
operations.  This  framework  thereby  supports  the  scale-up  of  Global  Gateway,  in  particular  by 
assessing the enabling factors for the success of investment projects backed by the EU. 

5.2.2.  Blending 

To  achieve  a  greater  scale  of  investment  in  the  Sustainable  Development  Goals  in  an  increasingly 
complex  world,  development  finance  needs  a  combination  of  funding  sources.  To  increase  the 
impact of official development assistance, public and private funds must be leveraged as efficiently 
as possible. The EU  has expanded its  financial instruments and policy tools for investment outside 
the  EU  to  deliver  on  its  ambitious  commitments  to  sustainable  development,  enlargement  and 
neighbourhood policies. 

Through blending, the EU uses limited amounts of public grants to mobilise financing from partner 
financial  institutions  and  the  private  sector  for  projects  promoting  sustainable  growth,  poverty 
reduction and development. The strategic use of a limited grant element can support projects with 
low  financial  return  but  high  economic  and  societal  return,  making  them  economically  viable  and 
enhancing  implementation  quality.  Blending  may  also  provide  an  element  of  concessionality 
necessary for loans taken by some indebted partner states. 

170 

 
 
 
The EU Blending Framework is comprised of four regional blending facilities(110) that cover all regions 
of  EU  external  cooperation:  the  Africa  Investment  Platform  (AIP),  Asia  Pacific  Investment  Facility 
(APIF),  Latin  America  and  Caribbean  Investment  Facility  (LACIF)  and  Neighbourhood  Investment 
Platform  (NIP).  These  facilities  comprise  the  blending  instruments  under  the  European  Fund  for 
Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+), operating from 2021-2027, along with pre-existing facilities 
gradually using up their remaining funds(111). 

From the creation of the first blending facilities in 2007, EUR 11 billion of EU grants are estimated to 
have leveraged over EUR 96 billion of loans by financial institutions and regional development banks 
for a total investment volume of more than EUR 170 billion. 

In  2024,  the  EFSD+  Operational  Board  issued  a  positive  opinion  for  EUR 951  million  of  EU 
contributions, up from EUR 810 million in 2023, covering all eligible NDICI-Global Europe regions, key 
Global Gateway sectoral priorities, and supporting Strategic and Comprehensive Partnerships along 
with Reform Agendas and Growth Plans in the Neighbourhood and Enlargement countries. These EU 
contributions are estimated to have leveraged over EUR 8 billion of financing by financial institutions 
and regional development banks for a total investment volume of almost EUR 16 billion(112). 

The amounts approved in 2024 are presented in Tables 2 and 3 below. 

Table 2. EU Blending contributions approved in 2024 by facility 

Blending facilities(113) 
NIP 
AIP 
APIF 
LACIF 
Total 

2024 (million EUR – excluding fees)  
234.25  
413.87  
233.11  
69.72  
950.95 

Table 3. EU Blending contributions approved in 2024 by sector 

Sector 
Agriculture 
Digital 
Energy 
Environment 
Private sector 
Social 
Transport 

2024 (million EUR – excluding fees)  
22.35  
51.71  
352.61  
95.35  
61.20  
3.00  
195.37  

110 The Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF), the regional blending facility in the Western Balkans, is covered 
in the chapter on Enlargement. The Türkiye Investment Platform (TIP) serves primarily as a platform steering the use of 
EFSD+ guarantees with active involvement of Turkish authorities. The Ukraine investment framework (UIF) is covered by 
Regulation (EU) 2024/792 establishing the Ukraine Facility (Regulation - EU - 2024/792 - EN - EUR-Lex). 
111  Including  the  Asia  Investment  Facility  (AIF),  Caribbean  Investment  Facility  (CIF),  Investment  Facility  for  Central  Asia 
(IFCA), Investment Facility for the Pacific (IFP), and Latin American Investment Facility (LAIF). The EU-Africa Infrastructure 
Trust Fund (ITF) allocated all its remaining resources in 2019. 
112 https://commission.europa.eu/publications_en?f%5B0%5D=oe_publication_title%3ADraft%20document%20X 
113  These  totals  contain  some  contributions  from  the  remaining  funds  of  the  predecessors  of  the  current  investment 
facilities. For ease of reading, these have been grouped together under the heading of the current regional facilities. 

171 

 
 
 
Urban development 
Water/ Sanitation  
Mixed 
Total 

32.08  
97.50  
39.78  
950.95 

The  EFSD+  was  built  on  the  success  of  the  European  Fund  for  Sustainable  Development  (EFSD), 
which in 2017-2021 approved guarantees and blending investment for almost 250 projects in  Sub-
Saharan  Africa  and  the  EU  Neighbourhood  for  an  EU  contribution  exceeding  EUR 5.7  billion. 
Expanding  the  geographic  scope  compared  to  EFSD,  EFSD+  implements  this  modalities  across  all 
NDICI-Global  Europe  regions  at  a  larger  scale.  By  merging  various  external  financing  instruments 
under  the  EU  budget,  EFSD+  strategically  promotes  public  and  private  investment  worldwide  in 
support of sustainable development. 

5.2.3.  EFSD+, EU budget guarantees 

The European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+)(114) is the financial arm of the NDICI-
Global  Europe  Regulation and  one  of the  key  tools  for  delivering  on  the Global  Gateway  strategy. 
EFSD+ also supports the implementation of the Economic and Investment Plans (EIPs) agreed with 
Neighbourhood and Enlargement countries. The EFSD+ and the EFSD are powerful de-risking tools, 
constituting  the  most  extensive  public  blending  and  guarantee  programmes  in  support  of  private-
sector investment for development. 

The  EFSD+  and  its  predecessor  the  EFSD  aim  to  bridge  the  gap  between  available  official 
development assistance and the substantial amount of financing required to meet the UNs’ SDGs by 
2030. 

Under the EFSD, only the European Neighbourhood and the Sub-Saharan Africa regions were eligible 
for support under the budgetary guarantee component. Under the EFSD+, budgetary guarantees are 
now  applicable  to  all  the  regions  covered  by  the  IPA  III  and  NDICI-Global Europe  instruments,  just 
like  the  blending  platforms.  Under  these  instruments,  not  only  geographic  reach  is  targeted  – 
categories of final beneficiaries for the loans extended by the partner financial institutions can also 
be specified in the agreements, for example targeting young people, women, migrants and more. 

Following  consultations  with  the  respective  EFSD+  regional  operational  boards,  the  Commission 
adopted  an  implementing  decision  in  September  2023,  amended  in  August  2024,  approving  the 
allocation  of  EUR 8.99  billion  of  EFSD+  guarantee  cover  for  58  investment  programmes  to  be 
implemented through an open investment architecture. Before the end of 2024, negotiations were 
concluded on almost all guarantees (with some mergers reducing the total number to 41) – and, as 
agreed with the EFSD+ Strategic Board, only a few remain to be concluded in 2025. In 2024, 10 of 
these  EFSD+  guarantees  for  the  private  sector  were  signed,  totalling  EUR 1.82 billion  in  guarantee 
cover. This brought the overall signed total to EUR 2.76 billion. 

In addition, nine private-sector programmes carried over from the original EFSD have been signed, 
with a combined value of EUR 707.5 million, two of which were signed in 2024. 

The EU is extending EUR 26.7 billion in guarantee capacity to support the European Investment Bank 
(EIB) in its investment projects outside the EU. Thanks to the guarantees, the EIB will contribute to 
Global  Gateway  investment  in  partner  countries  where,  in  particular,  sovereign  and  other  public 

114The EFSD+ includes budget guarantees, covered in this section, as well as blending instruments covered in Chapter 5.2.2. 

172 

 
 
 
sector risks are still a major bottleneck. These investments span pivotal sectors such as clean energy, 
green  infrastructure,  and  health.  The  year  2024  included  29  new  operations  receiving  coverage 
totalling  EUR 3.28  billion.  Overall,  EIB’s  operations  under  this  framework  reached  almost  EUR 10 
billion  in  sovereign  and  sub-sovereign  non-commercial  loans,  along  with  EUR 1  billion  directed 
towards private-sector operations in the ACP. 

Furthermore,  most  of  the  EFSD  and  EFSD+  guarantee  agreements  are  accompanied  by  technical 
assistance to facilitate and strengthen the roll-out of the guaranteed operations. To date, technical 
assistance contracts linked to guarantees add up to EUR 447 million. 

5.2.4.  Technical assistance 

Technical assistance (TA) refers to the personnel involved in the implementation and management 
of  technical  cooperation  services.  Technical  cooperation  (TC)  is  associated  with  actions  aimed  at 
strengthening individual and organisational capacity by providing expertise (short- and long-term TA 
personnel, institutional staff exchanges (twinning) arrangements and mobilising diaspora resources, 
etc.),  training  and  related  learning  opportunities  (peer  exchanges,  tertiary  education,  etc.)  and 
equipment. 

Under NDICI-Global Europe instrument, the EU has made significant effort to use more EU Member 
State  public  sector  expertise  to  provide  technical  assistance  to  partner  countries,  including  by 
expanding use of twinning and TAIEX tools to countries beyond EU’s immediate neighbourhood. 

Public  sector  expertise  has  been  recognised  as  a  form  of  international  technical  cooperation  that 
mobilises  expertise  from  all  EU  Member  States’  public  institutions.  It  promotes  reform  and 
sustainable  and  inclusive  development  policies  through  peer-to-peer  knowledge  exchange  and 
institutional partnerships with partner  countries to support the  implementation of the UN Agenda 
2030 for Sustainable Development (especially SDGs 16 and 17), as well as the Paris Agreement. 

Support provided by EU Member States creates mutual trust between the EU and partner countries’ 
public servants and institutions, helps promote EU values and interests as well as EU standards and 
the policy approaches that are necessary for enhancing strategic partnerships. More importantly, it 
has proved to be a flexible, efficient and cost-effective way to build capacity. It is also well-suited for 
the ‘Team Europe’ approach and initiatives, as all interested EU Member States could be involved in 
the planning and implementation of interventions in EU external action activities. 

In  addition,  various  technical  assistance  facilities  (i.e.  service  contracts)  managed  directly  by  the 
Commission provide short-term technical assistance and training to support Commission staff (in EU 
Delegations and headquarters) and implementing partners in designing and implementing external 
action interventions. 

5.2.5.  Twinning and TAIEX 

The Commission’s institution-building tools, TAIEX (Technical Assistance and Information Exchange; 
short-term assistance) and twinning (medium- to long-term assistance), strategically supported the 
implementation,  throughout  2024,  of  Commission  priorities  in  partner  countries,  notably  by 
organising high-level flagship TAIEX events. 

Overall, TAIEX organised 901 events in 2024. 513 events or 58% of the total were implemented in 
the  Enlargement  and  Neighbourhood  partner  countries  and  120  multi-country  TAIEX  events  were 
organised in 2024. Of these, the Western Balkans benefited from 48% of TAIEX operations, Eastern 
Partnership countries from 41%, followed by the Neighbourhood South region with 11%. TAIEX and 

173 

 
 
Twinning instruments are also available to EU partners in the rest of the world, especially in support 
of  the  Global  Gateways  strategy.  In  addition,  TAIEX  is  also  available  to  the  EU  Member  States 
allowing peer-to-peer expertise and best practice transfers in support of reforms and EU priorities. 

In 2024, 388 events were organised for these two groups of countries. Twinning helps to modernise 
public  administrations  through  analysis  and  policy  development,  legal  guidance  and  technical 
expertise,  and  supports  drafting 
laws  and  regulations,  system  and  procedure  design  and 
development, as well as facilitating job shadowing, workshops and study visits. 

Twinning covers all sectors of the EU acquis and is used to share best EU Member States’ practices. 
By  mobilising  practitioners  for  up  to  three  years,  twinning  provides  comprehensive  support  for 
reforms  and  creates  durable  bonds  between  public  administrations.  82  twinning  projects  were 
ongoing, and 34 new ones were signed in 2024. 

5.3.  Non-programmable funds – rapid response 

Recent  and  ongoing  global  shocks,  including  the  pandemic,  climate  change  impacts  and  new  and 
evolving  conflicts  have  significantly  exacerbated  levels  of  fragility  and  vulnerability  for  people  and 
states.  In  addition,  against  a  fast-changing  geopolitical  backdrop,  there  is  a  need  to  promote  and 
reinforce the external dimension of EU policies, such as climate and environment, digital transition, 
security,  disinformation  and  FIMI,  space  diplomacy,  economic  security  and  trade,  as  well  as  EU’s 
outreach and values promotion. 

In 2024, because the rapid-response pillar was not programmable, has a global scope across regions 
and a flexible toolbox for implementation, the EU has been able to quickly tackle upcoming targeted 
foreign  policy  and  acute  resilience  needs,  as  well  as  crises  of  geopolitical  importance  for  the  EU, 
supporting populations more in need as well as global goods and EU objectives. 

5.3.1.  Crisis response 
85 new crisis response interventions, with a budget of EUR 214.6 million in 2024, enabled the EU to 
swiftly  contribute  to  stability  in  a  situation  of  crisis  or  emerging  crisis,  by  providing  an  effective 
response  designed  to  help  preserve,  establish  or  re-establish  conditions  of  peace  and  respect  for 
fundamental human rights in line with policy priorities and EU values. 

The crisis response actions continued to address some of the main conflicts and post-crisis contexts 
including in  Ukraine, Moldova, Syria, Gaza, Sudan, Myanmar, Haiti, Nigeria and the Horn of Africa. 
Significant actions were launched covering human security, stabilisation, confidence building, cyber 
security,  hybrid  threats,  disinformation  as  well  as  accountability  and  prevention  of  electoral 
violence. 

Actions continued to support and complement multilateral actions and processes, such as the UN-
led  peace  processes  in  Yemen,  Syria  and  Libya,  as  well  strategic  support  for  the  UN  peace 
architecture,  including  the  UN  Peace  Building  Fund,  the  UN  Mediation  Stand-by  Team  and  the 
Complex  Risks  Analytics  Fund,  to  strengthen  crisis  anticipation,  prevention  and  response.  The  EU 
Global Facility on Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Terrorism Financing provided tailor-made 
technical  assistance  to  24  non-EU  countries,  to  increase  compliance  with  international  and  EU 
standards. 

174 

 
 
5.3.2.  Resilience 
In  an  increasingly  volatile  international  environment,  there  is  a  pressing  need  to  strengthen  the 
resilience  of  individuals,  communities  and  states  to  prepare  for  such  shocks  and  develop  adapted 
responses to their impact. 

The resilience component of the rapid-response pillar has a significant allocation of EUR 1.043 billion 
for  2021-2027.  In  2024,  the  budget  line,  which  amounts  to  EUR 149  million,  focused  on 
implementing  a  range  of  targeted  action.  These  actions  included  initiatives  to  improve  livelihoods 
and  access  to  basic  services  for  vulnerable  communities  in  eastern  and  central  Africa,  strengthen 
resilience  in  conflict-affected  communities  in  West  Africa  (Togo  and  Benin)  and  support  adaptive 
social protection in Pakistan. 

Additionally,  actions  addressed  security  crises  and  creating  resilient  communities  in  Ecuador, 
supported climate resilience  in the  Caribbean  and Pacific  regions  and  provided  for a  global  expert 
support  facility.  Finally,  a  significant  action  was  approved  at  the  end  of  2024  to  strengthen  the 
resilience of communities in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, with a focus on improving 
security  and  economic  opportunities.  These  actions  demonstrate  the  EU‘s  commitment  to 
strengthening resilience and promoting peace, stability and sustainable development in vulnerable 
regions around the world. 

5.3.3.  Foreign policy needs 
More  than  120  foreign  policy  needs  interventions,  including  19  launched  in  2024  for  a  total  of 
EUR 52.5  million,  covered  challenges  of  global  concern  such  as  climate  change  and  environmental 
protection,  digital  transition,  business  and  trade  (including  to  improve  EU  companies’  access  to 
markets),  fight  against  disinformation,  and  foreign  interference  and  manipulation  of  information 
(FIMI). 

The focus remained on the consequences of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine and its 
implications at regional level. In addition, considering the increasing geopolitical instability, special 
attention was given to the fight against FIMI as well as to public diplomacy, including international 
cultural relations at global level. 

In Asia, approved actions strengthened EU relations with Japan, Brunei and Taiwan via cooperation 
in  areas  like  trade,  intellectual  property  and  regulatory  alignment.  Key  goals  included  enhancing 
strategic partnerships and addressing market access barriers for EU businesses. Another action was 
adopted  to  strengthen  EU  engagement  with  Indonesia  on  the  external  impacts  of  EU  Green  Deal 
policies and regulatory frameworks, with a particular focus on deforestation and forest degradation. 

In  Latin  America,  EU  engagement  with  local  governments  was  strengthened  in  the  Amazonian 
countries in climate and environment-related multilateral negotiations. 

In alignment with the EU Indo-Pacific strategy, a new action enhanced EU security cooperation with 
partners  in  Asia  and  the  Indo-Pacific  region.  This  initiative  focuses  on  maritime  security, 
counterterrorism, cybersecurity and hybrid threats, as well as FIMI. 

Through  actions  in  public  and  international  cultural  relations,  the  EU  pursued  its  long-term 
engagement  to  globally  develop  its  soft  power  by  building  alliances  and  better-informed  decision-
making  on  EU  priority  themes,  such  as  the  response  to  global  challenges,  the  centrality  of 
multilateralism, our shared values and principles and economic partnerships. 

175 

 
 
Ultimately,  these  actions have  enhanced  the  visibility,  understanding  and  attractiveness of  the EU 
and  its  global  role.  For  instance,  over  100  EU  film  festivals  have  been  organised  in  2024,  in 
cooperation with EU Delegations worldwide, with a global attendance of over 350 000 people. 

5.4. 

Improving ways of working 

5.4.1.  Simplifying procedures 

Legislative framework 

The simplification of the legislative framework lies in the streamlining of a limited number of basic 
acts or financing instruments for external action. The main financing instruments for external action 
under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework (MFF) are: the Neighbourhood, Development 
and International Cooperation Instrument-Global Europe (NDICI-Global Europe)(115), the Decision on 
the  Overseas  Association, 
Instrument  for 
International Nuclear Safety Cooperation (INSC)(117) and the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance 
(IPA III)(118). 

including  Greenland  (DOAG)(116),  the  European 

They are complemented with the Regulation establishing the Ukraine Facility(119) and the Regulation 
on  establishing  the  Reform  and  Growth  Facility  for  the  Western  Balkans(120).  In  2024,  the 
Commission submitted, in addition, a proposal for the Reform and Growth Facility for Moldova(121). 
While  innovative  in  approach,  these  facilities  set  rules  that  are  consistent  with  the  existing 
instruments under the current MFF. 

Direct management 

Digitalisation is directly linked with simplification, and the Commission has engaged in the adoption 
of a wide corporate  suite  consisting of MyWorkplace,  eProcurement and OPSYS(122), as well as the 
Funding  &  Tenders  portal  for  external  access.  It  is  however  desirable  to  adapt  procedures  and 
models  to  the  specific  needs  of  external  action,  and  this  necessary  adaptation  allows  the 
Commission to continue its simplification efforts. 

Regarding grant agreements, the Commission continued working on a RELEX-family(123) Model Grant 
Agreement  (MGA)(124)  in  view  of  onboarding  eGrants.  The  final  adjustments  of  the  MGA  to  RELEX 

115 Regulation 2021/947 of 9 June 2021 (OJ L 209, 14.6.2021, p. 1). 
116 Decision 2021/1764 of 5 October 2021 (OJ L 355, 7.10.2021, p. 6). 
117 Regulation 2021/948 of 27 May 2021 (OJ L 209, 14.6.2021, p. 79). 
118 Regulation 2021/1529 of 15 September 2021 (OJ L 330, 20.9.2021, p. 1). 
119 
 Regulation (EU) 2024/792 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 February 2024 establishing the Ukraine 
Facility, OJ L 2024/792, 29.2.2024. 
120 
 Regulation (EU) 2024/1449 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on establishing the Reform and 
Growth Facility for the Western Balkans, OJ L 2024/1449, 24.5.2024. 
121 
 COM(2024) 469 final of 9.10.2024 - Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on 
establishing the Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova. 
122 
 OPSYS: the new RELEX-family (DG INTPA, DG ENEST, DG MENA and FPI) internal online IT-system for the management of 
external action commitments which gradually replaces the former system CRIS (Common RELEX Information System), the 
latter being phased-out. 
123 
 RELEX family: the European Commission’s Directorate-General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA), Directorate-
General for Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood (DG ENEST), Directorate-General for Middle East, North Africa and 

176 

 
 
 
 
needs  and  developments  in  eGrants  took  place  in  2024  and  a  pilot  phase  will  test  both  the  MGA 
current set of templates and eGrants in the course of 2025. Due to this, it is likely that onboarding 
will not happen before 2026. 

Regarding  the  onboarding  of  eProcurement,  it  did  not,  as  expected,  take  place  in  2024  and  was 
therefore  not  reflected  in  the  new  version  of  the  practical  guide  to  contract  procedures  (PRAG) 
finalised at the end of 2024 and released early 2025. However other simplification measures  have 
been  included  in  this  new  version  of  the  PRAG,  notably  the  number  of  templates  for  works  and 
services contracts has been reduced; and concluding works contracts in direct management is now 
the exception. 

As  regards  services  specifically,  standardised timesheets  and  expert  profiles  have  been  introduced 
and the rules applicable to the replacement of key experts have been revised, aiming at reducing the 
number  of  these  replacements,  which  slow  down  the  implementation  of  actions  and  are  time-
consuming. 

Indirect management 

For  the  Directorate-General  for  International  Partnerships,  two  additional  simplification  measures 
were  adopted  in  2024  as  part  of  the  2022  simplification  exercise.  The  first  one  concerns  the 
implementation  of  the  EU  budget  in  indirect  management  with  a  partner  country,  or  a  body 
designated by it. As a result  of this simplification, indirect  management with partner countries for 
actions that were not yet decided on 19 July 2024 is now limited to procurement contracts (Works, 
Supplies and Services). The possibility to implement programme estimates as well as the possibility 
for partner countries to award grants are therefore no longer possible.  

The second one concerns the delegating, to EU Delegations and Units in Headquarters (HQ), of the 
preparation,  signing  and  archiving  of  financing  agreements  and  amendments  to  financing 
agreements.  It  should  be  noted  that  this  simplification  does  not  cover  financing  agreements 
containing  budget  support  operations,  which  will  continue  to  be  concluded  by  the  responsible 
Director at HQ. 

In  addition,  other  simplifications  were  introduced.  A  new  IT  tool  for  the  electronic  signature  and 
management  of  single  partner  contribution  agreements  labelled  in  euro  was  rolled  out  on 
1 February  2024  (as  being  mandatory)  with  the  aim  of  simplifying  and  alleviating  the  related 
contractual processes. 

Moreover, following consultation of relevant central services, as part of the Commission’s efforts to 
reduce  reporting  obligations  in  the  context  of  budget  implementation,  EU  decentralised  agencies 
may, under certain conditions, no longer be required to submit audit opinions. 

5.5.  Communication & transparency 

5.5.1.  Communication 

The Commission furthered the implementation of the new approach to strategic communication and 
public  diplomacy  for  activities  funded  under  NDICI-Global  Europe  at  country,  regional  and  global 
level.  The  new  approach  has  moved  away  from  fragmented,  partner-implemented  activities 

Gulf (DG MENA), Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), Directorate-General for trade (DG TRADE), the 
European External Action Service (EEAS) and the Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI). 
124 The MGA is the Commission’s Corporate contractual template for grants. 

177 

 
 
 
concentrating  on  each  project  and  programme,  towards  country-specific  strategic  communication 
explaining  Europe’s  political  offer  to  partner  countries,  particularly  under  the  framework  of  the 
Global Gateway strategy. It aims to ensure awareness, understanding and perception of the EU and 
its Member States, in both EU and partner countries, and is commensurate with the scale, scope and 
ambition of our sustained engagement. 

Under  this  new  approach,  EU  Delegations  have  an  important  role  in  communicating  the  EU’s 
partnership offer in partner countries. In 2024, intensive work was carried out with EU Delegations 
to  increase  their  ability  to  communicate  effectively  on  priority  topics  which  matter  to  target 
audiences, through strategic guidance,  training packages  and hands-on support for campaigns and 
other content in partner countries. 

Strategic communication activities are data-driven, using local languages, and designed to focus not 
only on what the EU does, but why – including by emphasising shared values, interests and impact, 
and  promoting  the  EU’s  leadership  role  on  key  priorities.  To  implement  the  new  approach,  the 
communication  strategy  on  Global  Gateway  in  a  ‘Team  Europe’  approach  adopted  in  2023  was 
implemented,  including  through  regular  coordination  with  EU  Member  States  to  identify  political-
level joint missions. 

A  dedicated  informal  focal  points  meeting  on  Global  Gateway  strategic  communication  is  held, 
bringing together EU institutions, Member States, the European Investment Bank and the European 
Bank  for  Reconstruction  and  Development.  The  Commission  is  also  collaborating  with  EU 
Delegations to  design  for each  partner  country either  a  Global  Gateway  campaign  or  to showcase 
the EU’s offer in fragile settings. 

Campaigns, social media and public diplomacy activities 

Global  Gateway  communication  centred  around  presenting  the  Global  Gateway  strategy  and  its 
implementation at  international events  and  during visits  to Member  States  and  partner  countries. 
Some  key  moments  in  terms  of  communication  in  2024  included  the  UN  General  Assembly  High-
Level  Week,  the  COP29  Summit,  the  G20  Development  Ministers  meeting  and  the  G7  Pescara 
Summit. 

Key social media campaigns in 2024 included the Global Gateway High-Level Event on Education, the 
Green Series with Youth Sounding Board members, the Global Gateway High-Level Youth Event, the 
16 days of activism against gender violence campaign and the Lorenzo Natali Prize. 

Social  media  channels  played  a  key  role  in  driving  engagement  and  expanding  global  reach. 
Throughout the year, 43 million impressions were generated across all channels for organic content, 
fostering  conversations  and  increasing  awareness  of  key  initiatives  worldwide.  The  Lorenzo  Natali 
Prize, for instance, gathered over 300 million total impressions across organic and paid content and 
received over 9.5 million total engagements, illustrating the impressive impact of the campaign. 

In 2024, a major public advertising campaign in Latin America reached some 75 million young adults. 
The  campaign’s  influencer  partnerships  and  messaging  on  the  transformative  connections  created 
by Global Gateway resonated strongly with the target audience, resulting in double digit increases in 
positive  public  perceptions  of  the  EU  in  all  four  of  the  Mercosur  countries  (Argentina,  Brazil, 
Paraguay and Uruguay). 

178 

 
 
 
 
Events 

Co-hosted  by  the  Commission  and  the  Belgian  Presidency  of  the  Council  of  the  EU,  the  Global 
Gateway  High-Level  Event  on  Education  aimed  to  highlight  the  EU’s  role  in  transforming  global 
education  and  bridging  skills  gaps.  The  event  marked  an  important  milestone  for  the  EU  and  its 
partners towards the 2024 Summit of the Future and the 2025 World Social Summit, underlining the 
importance of education as a catalytic investment for the future. 

Celebrating  the  second  anniversary  of the  adoption of  the  Youth  Action Plan, the  Global  Gateway 
High-Level  Youth  Event  aimed  to  consolidate  the  foundations  of  the  youth  agenda  in  EU  external 
action by connecting youth networks and showcasing the political potential of partnering with young 
International  Partnerships  for  the  current  European 
people.  Youth  Recommendations  on 
Commission  were  presented  by  members  of  the  EU  Youth  Sounding  Board  for  International 
Partnerships. 

The  32nd  edition  of  the  Lorenzo  Natali  Prize  for  outstanding  journalism  received  over  1 200 
submissions from more than 100 different countries. This year, the award ceremony showcased EU 
action  in  support  of  media  around  the  world  presenting  EU-funded  projects  backing  independent 
and pluralistic media in Brazil, Nepal and Somalia. 

Four Kapuscinski Development Lectures were also organised by the European Commission, bringing 
together  a  total  of  over  1 800  participants.  The  list  of  high-level  speakers  from  around  the  world 
included renowned thinkers, such as Mo Ibrahim, Jemilah Mahmood and Francesca Rossi. 

Countering foreign information manipulation and interference 

In 2024, the EEAS continued its well-established work on detecting, analysing and addressing foreign 
information manipulation and interference (FIMI) by actors such as  Russia and China. In January, a 
second Report on FIMI Threats was published, sharing insights from 750 investigated FIMI incidents 
and introducing a Response Framework to better link analysis to timely responses. In May, a report 
exposing  Operation  False  Façade  was  issued,  a  notable  information  laundering  scheme  by  pro-
Kremlin entities. The EEAS also published an open-source intelligence (OSINT) toolkit to detect and 
analyse identity-based FIMI. 

The  EEAS  continued  its  role  as  a  convening  power,  organising  two  important  international 
conferences  in  Brussels.  In  January,  the  EU  High  Representative  for  Foreign  Affairs  and  Security 
Policy/Vice-President  hosted  the  annual  FIMI  conference,  bringing  together  decision-makers  and 
experts from around the globe to discuss the FIMI threat landscape and strengthening cooperation. 
In  November,  the  EEAS  held  an  event  bringing  together  experts  working  on  countering  identity-
based disinformation, to share experience and best practice and discuss responses. 

In  a  year  of  numerous  elections  across  the  world,  the  EEAS  worked  closely  with  the  European 
Parliament, the Commission and EU Member States in an effort to secure the integrity of the June 
European  elections  against  FIMI,  including  through  the  Rapid  ALERT  System.  More  so,  the  EEAS 
supported  Moldova  to  protect  their  presidential  elections  and  the  EU  accession  referendum  from 
FIMI in October. 

The  EEAS  raised  public  awareness  and  exposed  Russian  FIMI  and  disinformation  via  EUvsDisinfo, 
reaching  more  than  38  million  people  in  2024.  The  EUvsDisinfo  database  of  pro-Kremlin 
disinformation – the world’s largest biggest public archive of Russian disinformation – passed 18 000 
cases. 

179 

 
 
Efforts  continued  to  reinforce  the  capability  of  the  EU’s  Common  Security  and  Defence  Policy 
missions  and  operations  to  detect  and  respond  to  FIMI  attacks,  notably 
in  the  Eastern 
Neighbourhood and Sub-Saharan Africa, equipping the missions with appropriate tools, training and 
reinforced situational awareness. 

Globally,  the  EEAS  further  reinforced  cooperation  to  counter  FIMI  with  like-minded  countries  and 
international organisations – working closely with G7, NATO, and the UN, as well as with countries 
such as the UK, CA, and the US. In the G7 Rapid Response Mechanism, the EEAS led the development 
and delivery of a G7 Collective Response Framework, as tasked by the G7 Leaders in June 2024. 

The whole-of-society approach continued to be strengthened, to tackle FIMI by partnering with civil 
society.  The  EEAS  supported  FIMI  Information  Sharing  and  Analysis  Centre  (FIMI-ISAC),  a 
collaborative  platform  of  civil  society  organisations,  produced  and  published  a  joint  report  on 
election interference. 

5.5.2.  Transparency 

Throughout 2024, the European Commission continued to ensure transparency and accountability of 
its  official  development  assistance  through the  publication of  timely,  comprehensive  and  forward-
looking data. This includes publication of data to the OECD-DAC’s Creditor Reporting System(125), the 
DAC Advance Questionnaire(126) and the joint DAC-XCRED report on untied ODA(127) contract awards, 
as  well  as  to  the  Total  Official  Support  for  Sustainable  Development  (TOSSD)(128)  and  the 
International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) standard(129). 

The Commission remains firmly committed to transparency, a development effectiveness principle 
and  a  key  principle  of  the  Global  Gateway  strategy.  In  2024,  the  Directorate-General  for 
International Partnerships obtained a score of 83% in the Aid Transparency Index and joined the ‘top 
10’ category of most transparent donors. 

Furthermore,  the  Commission  continued  to  invest  in  developing  innovative  transparency  tools  in 
support  of  informed  decision-making,  notably  launching  the  Team  Europe  Explorer  (TEE)(130)  (a 
substantial upgrade of the former ‘EU Aid Explorer’). The TEE is an interactive public online tool to 
explore  and  visualise  data  on  the  EU  and  EU  Member  States’  support  for  partner  countries.  It 
centralises  financial  data  –  ODA  and  TOSSD  –  from  different  sources  as  well  as  project-level 
information in a detailed project search facility, drawing information from different sources (OECD-
DAC’s  Creditor  Reporting  System,  IATI  Standard,  TOSSD  database  and  the  Commission’s  internal 
database). 

The TEE provides an overview of how much financial support various geographic and thematic areas 
receive,  and  how  Team  Europe  funding  flows  are  changing  over  time,  consolidating  funding 
information and reflecting the Team Europe approach. 

125 OECD Data Explorer • CRS: Creditor Reporting System (flows) [cloud replica] 
126 Development finance statistics: Resources for reporting 
127 OECD temporary archive 
128 Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 
129 International Aid Transparency Initiative - iatistandard.org 
130 Home - European Union 

180 

 
 
 
5.5.3.  Learning 

Within  the  Commission,  the  International  Partnerships  learning  development  sector  organises  a 
wide  range  of 
learning  events  to  train  European  Commission  services  (Delegations  and 
headquarters)  on  political  priorities  and  key  thematic  partnerships  and  sustainable  development 
topics.  The  learning  offer  is  also  often  open  to  a  wider  community,  such  as  practitioners  from 
Member States or, in the case of the e-learning platform EU International Partnerships Academy(131), 
to the public. 

Learning activities aim at enabling European Commission staff to acquire, develop, retain, share and 
apply the knowledge and skills necessary for achieving the Commission’s mandate and goals. 

The  implementation  of  the  multiannual  new  training  catalogue  progressed  at  a  sustained  pace  in 
2024, reflecting our commitment to providing relevant and useful training. 

Building  on  this  momentum,  in  2024  we  started  developing  a  comprehensive  competency 
framework  and learning package for investment managers, a process that will continue  into 2025, 
ultimately supporting the deployment of the Global Gateway initiative. 

In 2024, 170 different  training events on EU Learn (for 3 872 participants) were  organised, for the 
most part in different online formats such as webinars, virtual classes and e-learning courses. 

In addition to the use of the internal EU Learn platform, the EU International Partnerships Academy, 
launched  in  2018,  is  a  dedicated  tool  to  make  online  learning  on  sustainable  development  and 
international partnerships accessible to everyone, everywhere and on every mobile device. 

In  2024,  the  Academy  welcomed  3 000  new  users  reaching  more  than  27 000  enrolled  learners 
coming  from  more  than  190  countries.  The  platform  currently  offers  more  than  400  different 
learning resources and has reached more than 1.4 million visits (300 000 in 2024). The average user 
satisfaction rate for the courses was 81%, based on participants’ feedback, both on EU Learn and via 
the EU International Partnerships Academy. 

The Academy also collaborates with other international organisations on the production of learning 
resources,  particularly  in  the  context  of  the  Learn4Dev  donor  competence  network.  This  ensures 
joint  understanding  and  ownership  of  concepts,  producing  efficiency  gains  and  aid  effectiveness. 
Learn4Dev  is  an  effective  space  to  co-create  learning  resources  for  international  cooperation  and 
sustainable development practitioners. 

131 EU International Partnerships Academy (europa.eu) 

181 

 
 
 
6. Results annexes 

6.1. Introduction 

6.1.1.  Methodological  basis  for  selected  results  reported  against  the  Global  Europe  Results 
Framework,  the  EU  Results  Framework,  the  IPA  III  Results  Framework  and  the  IPA 
Performance Framework 
This is the fourth year of financial execution of the Neighbourhood, Development and International 
Cooperation Instrument-Global Europe (NDICI-Global Europe) which is implemented by Directorates-
General INTPA, NEAR(132) and FPI. The main tool for monitoring and reporting results to be achieved 
by NDICI-Global Europe is the Global Europe Results Framework (GERF)  (133), which was launched in 
2022. It is also the fourth year of implementation of the Instrument for Pre-accession (IPA III), whose 
tool for monitoring and reporting results is the IPA III Results Framework(134), also launched in 2022. 
IPA III is implemented by DG NEAR.  

As it takes time for results to materialise, results for NDICI-Global Europe and IPA III have started to 
be  achieved  since  2023  and  see  a  slow  but  constant  increase.  There  is  a  time  lag  between  the 
adoption  of  Financing  Decisions,  contracting,  and  results  achievements.  Some  results,  particularly 
outcomes,  tend  to  materialise  only  at  the  end  of  the  implementation  of  the  interventions.  Once 
results are achieved, the data has to be collected in the monitoring systems, the evidence must be 
documented,  and  subsequently  approved  by  the  responsible  Operational  Manager  and  only  then 
encoded in the dedicated IT system (OPSYS). Results achieved with the instruments financed by the 
2014-2020 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) will continue to materialise for some years still. 
These  results  continue  to  be  reported  upon  using  the  EU  Results  Framework  (EURF)  (135)  for  non-
Neighbourhood  and  Neighbourhood  regions,  and  the  Instrument  for  Pre-accession  Performance 
framework  (IPA  PF)  for  the  Enlargement  region,  which  were  introduced  in  2018  for  that  purpose. 
This chapter of the  annex describes  the methodological basis for results presented in the sections 
‘Selected Results’ of chapter 3 and in this annex. 

EURF and GERF  
Chapter  3  of  the  present  Annual  Report  includes  only  results  from  the  GERF,  covering  ongoing  or 
closed EU-funded interventions that started before 01 July 2024. Specifically, chapter 3 draws upon 
indicators  included  in  level  2  of  the  framework,  as  explained  below.  The  annexes  to  the  present 
chapter  present  both  the  EURF  and  the  GERF  indicators  and  their  progress  of  implementation 
(financial  execution)  until mid-2024.  As  explained  above,  in  few  cases  only  little  or  no operational 
results have materialised due to the time required for results to occur.  

IPA PF and IPA III RF 
Chapter 3 of the present Annual Report includes results from the IPA III, covering ongoing or closed 
EU-funded interventions that started before 01 July 2024. Chapter 3 draws upon indicators included 
in level 2 of the framework, as explained below. The annexes present both the IPA PF and the IPA III 

132 Since 2025, DG NEAR was divided into DG ENEST and DG MENA. As the current report is covering 2024, throughout the 
annex it is referred to NEAR. 
133 SWD(2022) 22 final of 25 January 2022. 
134 SWD(2022) 445 final of 20 December 2022. 
135  European  Commission’s  Staff  Working  Document  (SWD)(2018)  444,  ‘A  revised  EU  international  cooperation  and 
development results framework, the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 
the New European Consensus on Development’.  

182 

 
 
 
RF  indicators  and  their  progress  of  implementation (final  execution)  up to  mid  2024.  As  explained 
above,  as with EURF and GERF, in few  cases only  little or no operational results  have materialised 
due to the time required for results to occur. 

6.1.2. Structure of the corporate results framework 

All the corporate results frameworks presented here are structured around three levels of results. At 
the core of the frameworks, a set of respectively 39 (GERF), 31 (EURF), 36 (IPA RF) and 110 (IPA III) 
indicators  at  output  and  outcome  level  (Level  2)  measure  results  achieved  by  EU-funded  projects 
and programmes. 

Level 1  corresponds to development  progress in partner countries; that is, the medium- and long-
term development impact achieved in partnership and collaboration with others. Impacts reflect the 
operational context in which EU external assistance is provided.  

Data source Level 1: Internationally available indicators, as much as possible from the SDG database.  

Level 2 focuses on development outcomes and outputs to which EU-funded interventions contribute 
in collaboration with partner governments and other funding providers. In line with the principles of 
aid effectiveness and effective development  cooperation that emphasise  partnerships and country 
ownership,  results  at  this  level  are  presented  on  a  contribution  basis.  Rather  than  results  being 
based on the share of funding provided by the EU, they represent the combined efforts of a variety 
of partners, including the EU, Member States, partner country governments and public institutions, 
local communities, international finance agencies, CSOs, non-profit entities and private companies. 
Data collection is guided by specific methodological notes(136).  

Data source Level 2: Results  data are drawn from the  reports of EU implementation partners (i.e., 
partner countries, international organisations, Member States’ development agencies, international 
financial institutions and NGOs).  

Level 3 focuses on the mainstreaming of policy priorities, as measured by budgetary commitments 
directed at specific cross-cutting issues (e.g., human development, gender, or nutrition), and focuses 
on organisational financial data. Some of the indicators have organisational targets.  

Data source level 3: Internal financial monitoring systems. 

6.2. Level 2 indicators: Reporting on partner country results supported by the EU (EU 
RF, IPA PF and IPA III) 

Selection criteria: 

For  the  different  frameworks,  the  following  selection  criteria  for  ongoing  and  completed 
interventions(137) were used: 

EURF: Started before 1 July 2024 and ended after 31 December 2022. This year over 4 700 projects 
and programmes reported latest results information, out of which 1 300 projects and programmes 
contributed to at least one of the corporate indicators.  

136 Methodological notes are available online https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/eu-rfi  
137 The interventions considered were financed using the following instruments: the European Development Fund (EDF); 
the  Development  Cooperation  Instrument  (DCI);  the  programmable  part  of  the  Instrument  contributing  to  Stability  and 
Peace (IcSP) under Art. 5; the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR); the Instrument for Nuclear 
Safety Cooperation; the Instrument for Greenland; and the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI). 

183 

 
 
 
GERF:  Started before 1 July 2024 and ended after 31 December 2022. This year over 2 600 projects 
and  programmes  reported  latest  results  information,  out  of  which  over  336  projects  and 
programmes contributed to at least one of the corporate indicators. 

IPA PF:  Started before 1 July 2024 and ended after 31 December 2022. This year, over 503 projects 
and  programmes  reported  latest  results  information,  out  of  which  97  projects  and  programmes 
contributed to at least one of the corporate indicators.  

IPA III:  Started before 1 July 2024 and ended after 31 December 2022. This year over 295 projects 
and programmes reported latest results information, out of which over 44 projects and programmes 
contributed to at least one of the corporate indicators.  

The sample of ongoing interventions continues to expand over time. As in previous years, the results 
reported cannot be interpreted as providing a full picture of the interventions financed by the EU in 
the countries concerned.  

Methodology  notes:  Methodology  notes  are  available  for  each  of  the  frameworks’  indicator  to 
ensure that data from the various reporting sources could be aggregated consistently. These notes 
provide definitions and data sources clearly explaining what type of interventions should be included 
when  reporting  against  an  indicator.  For  GERF  and  EURF,  the  notes  can  be  found  at  Results 
Framework 
at 
https://capacity4dev.europa.eu/node/255711_en  

Capacity4dev. 

found 

notes 

can 

the 

IPA 

For 

be 

III, 

| 

Data: Results data is drawn from the reports of EU implementation partners (i.e., partner countries, 
international  organisations,  Member  States’  development  agencies, 
financial 
institutions and NGOs). These organisations use data collected from a variety of sources, such as the 
management information system of partner countries, the individual project monitoring frameworks 
of implementation partners and representative surveys.  

international 

Reporting: The relative figures report cumulative numbers. The numbers are cumulated with careful 
consideration  of  potential double  counting  across  projects  and  programmes  and  across years.  The 
approach taken is to err on the side of safety, so any potentially double counted results are excluded 
from the results reported.  

For  some  level  2  indicators  in  GERF  and  EURF,  the  majority  of  results  comes  from  one  single 
intervention, in most cases from funds. For GERF, the concerned results are scaled down by the size 
of the EU financial contribution relative to the total budget of the undertaking; this process is used 
for the concerned indicators and only if the EU contributes with less than 50% to the overall budget 
of the fund. Previously under EURF, the results reported have been calculated using a contribution-
based  approach.  This  means  that  where  an  intervention  has  been  financed  by  the  EU  jointly  with 
other  funders  –  such  as  partner  country  governments  or other  donors  –  the overall  results of  the 
collective effort are reported, rather than those linked to the share of funding provided by the EU 
specifically.   

EURF indicator 2.30 ‘Number of countries supported by the EU to strengthen revenue mobilisation, 
public financial management and/or budget transparency’ is an exception in terms of scope and data 
collection.  In  addition  to  the  interventions  included  in  the  exercise,  this  indicator  draws  on  all 
countries with an ongoing EU budget support contract.  

184 

 
 
EURF indicators 2.9 ‘Number of individuals with access to electricity with EU support through a) new 
access, b) improved access’, 2.10 ‘Renewable energy generation capacity installed with EU support 
(MW)’  and  2.21  ‘Greenhouse  gas  emissions  avoided  with  EU  support  (tonnes  CO2eq)’  (138)  also 
include  reporting  by  the  EU–Africa  Infrastructure  Trust  Fund  (EU-AITF).  EU  RF  2.9  reports  inferred 
figures,  which  were  calculated  using  the  KfW  model  for  estimating  access  using  electricity 
generation capacity, the data will not be updated again given the change to OPSYS reporting and the 
2023 value will remain. EU RF 2.10 and EU RF 2.21 report expected results.  

Given its use in the Gender Action Plan III (GAP III), the new GERF indicator 2.37 ‘Number of people 
benefitting  from  EU-funded  interventions  to  counter  sexual  and  gender-based  violence’  is  already 
reported upon, numbered as EU RF 2.31.  

GERF indicator 2.19 ‘Number of countries supported by the EU to strengthen revenue mobilisation, 
public financial management and/or budget transparency’ is an exception in terms of scope and data 
collection.  In  addition  to  the  interventions  included  in  the  exercise,  this  indicator  draws  on  all 
countries with an ongoing EU budget support contract.  

GERF indicators 2.3 ‘Number of individuals with access to electricity with EU support through a) new 
access,  b)  improved  access’,  2.4  ‘Renewable  energy  generation  capacity  installed  with  EU  support 
(MW)’  and  2.7  ‘Greenhouse  gas  emissions  avoided  with  EU  support  (tonnes  CO2eq)’  (139)  are 
reporting values actually achieved.  

GERF indicators 2.20 ‘Number  of migrants, refugees, and internally displaced people or individuals 
from  host  communities  protected  or  assisted  with  EU  support’,  2.32  ‘Number  of  food  insecure 
people receiving EU assistance’ and, 2.39 ‘Number of people directly benefiting from EU supported 
interventions  that  aim  to  reduce  social  and  economic  inequality’  can  be  used  while  more  specific 
sectoral  indicators  are  used  as  well.  Thus,  beneficiaries  should  not  be  aggregated  between 
indicators. 

Results  by  sex  of  beneficiaries:  The  SWD(2018)  (140)  and  SWD(2022)  455  final(141)  mentions  that, 
where  possible,  results  are  to  be  disaggregated  by  sex.  Where  this  disaggregation  has  not  been 
provided,  it  is  either  because  this  was  not  relevant  for  the  indicator  in  question  (e.g.,  GERF  2.2 
‘Agricultural  and  pastoral  ecosystems  where  sustainable  management  practices  have  been 
introduced  with  EU  support’)  or  because  the  data  were  not  available.  Due  to  data  availability  at 
intervention  level,  the  sum  of  sex-disaggregated  results  may  not  equal  the  total  results  figures. 
These cases are also present in IPA related results data.  

Results  by  country:  When  presenting  results  broken  down  by  country/IPA  beneficiary,  figures  are 
reported according to the country where the result was achieved. While efforts have been made to 
capture this detailed level of reporting as far as possible, data were not always available at this level; 
for example, in the case of multi-country regional interventions where country-level results were not 
reported (e.g. results are presented under the label ‘Western Balkans regional results’). Where the 

138  Methodology  for  this  indicator  can  be  found  here:  https://capacity4dev.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/2.21_-
_ghg_emissions_avoided_10-2019.pdf  
139  Methodology  for  this  indicator  can  be  found  here:  https://capacity4dev.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/2.21_-
_ghg_emissions_avoided_10-2019.pdf  
140  European  Commission’s  Staff  Working  Document  (SWD)(2018)  444,  ‘A  revised  EU  international  cooperation  and 
development results framework, the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 
the New European Consensus on Development’.  
141 The Instrument for Pre-Accession assistance (IPA III) Results Framework 

185 

 
 
 
EU has funded interventions in overseas countries and territories, results achieved are reported at 
this level. This approach is also taken where indicators measure the number of countries supported 
in a specific sector.  

Quality: The data are subjected to an extensive quality assurance process to ensure that:  

• The data sources are reliable;  

• The link between the indicators from the monitoring system of the intervention and the indicators 
from the relative framework is robust; and  

• The individuals who have benefited from the same intervention over different years, and/or from 
different interventions ending and/or ongoing in the same year, are only counted once.  

However, given the great variety of data sources used, the data quality may vary.  

Joint  reporting  with  EU  Trust  Fund  for  Africa  interventions:  As  part  of  the  2018  revision  of  the 
results  framework,  efforts  have  been  made  to  harmonise  indicator  methodologies  to  enable  joint 
reporting  with  other monitoring  systems.  In 2024 the  EU  Trust  Fund  for  Africa  interventions were 
fully  incorporated  in  OPSYS,  and  thus  now  complete  reporting  against  all  relevant  EU  Result 
Framework indicators. 

6.3.  Level  3:  Reporting  on  policy  mainstreaming  as  measured  by  budgetary 
commitments 

Level  3  indicators  report  on  financial  flows  in  2023  and  include  all  funds  managed  by  the  new 
financing instrument NDICI-Global Europe. Level 3 reporting excludes funds under the previous MFF 
(2014-2020), i.e., the presentation of payments does not present all payments made in 2023. Given 
the budgetary cycle, payments were low or zero for NDICI-Global Europe funds.  

Some of the Level 3 indicators have associated spending targets, provided in the legal basis to the 
NDICI-Global Europe  (e.g., climate,  social inclusion and human development, migration and  forced 
displacement)  and  a  gender  target.  In  some  cases,  the  priority  is  derived  from  formal  EU  policy 
commitments endorsed by the  Council (e.g., Gender Action Plan III) or international commitments 
made by the EU (e.g., nutrition). 

All  ten  Level  3  indicators  from  the  2018  EURF  have  been  included  in  the  GERF,  with  a  couple  of 
minor  adjustments  (i.e.,  two  indicators  from  the  2018  EURF  have  been  merged,  and  the 
methodology  to  calculate  the  indicator  on  human  development  has  been  updated).  This  confirms 
the stability of the EU commitment to providing support in these areas. Level 3 indicators, similar to 
those of the GERF, are also part of IPA III RF. 

Eight  new  indicators have been added to monitor spending directed towards digitalisation, reform 
implementation,  migration-related  interventions,  crisis-response,  education,  disability  inclusion, 
inequality reduction and social reform. 

186 

 
 
 
6.5. Latest results  

Please find below results under the following link(142): 

For the previous MFF (2014-2020): a detailed overview of all data (Excel format). 

for the current MFF (2021-2027): a detailed overview of all data (Excel format). 

Consolidated version of the data of both MFFs (PDF format). 

142 These annexes will be available  for download on the International Partnerships website. The link is not active yet, as 
these  documents  cannot  be  uploaded  and  made  publicly  available  before  the  adoption  of  this  report.  The  link  will 
therefore be active in the Publications Office’s version (and not in this Interstinstitutional version going through adoption). 
Until then, these annexes are available in a zip file accompanying the report and its Staff Working Document. To note that 
some of the results, including efforts to meet the targets, also feature in chapter 3.  

187 

 
 
  
 
6.6. Results of the implementation of the Gender Action Plan III 

Table 4. Progress on the GAP III’s institutional and strategic objectives and indicators for the European Union 
Institutions 

Objective and targets of the GAP III (Part I) 

Progress in 2024 

Objective 1. Increase the number and the funding of 
new actions that are gender mainstreamed (OECD 
Gender Marker 1) and targeted (G2)  

Target 1: 85% of new actions are gender 
responsive/targeted (G1+G2) by 2025(143) 

On  track  –  In  2024,  82%  of  new  actions  are  gender-
responsive/targeted  (89%  for  DG  INTPA,  87%  for  DG  NEAR, 
82% for FPI and 77% for other DGs). Over 2021-2024, 79% of 
actions  are  gender  responsive/targeted  (90%  for  DG  INTPA, 
85%  for  DG  NEAR,  64%  for  FPI  and  69%  for  other  DGs).  For 
NDICI-Global Europe, between 2021 and 2024, the share of G1 
and G2 actions reached 84%, and of those,  4% are marked as 
G2.  

Target 2: 100% of new actions not targeting gender 
equality (G0) justified over 2021-2025 

In  progress  –  50%  of  new  actions  marked  G0  were  correctly 
justified in 2024(144).  

Target 3: At least two rapid response actions or peace 
and stability themed actions per year  

Target 5: At least one gender-targeted action (G2 
action) per country allocation over 2021-2025  

Target 6: At least one gender-targeted action (G2) per 
regional allocation over 2021–2025 

Target 7: Increase amount of funding in support of 
gender equality and women’s empowerment actions 
(G1 and G2) 

Target 8: Increase amount of funding directed 
towards women’s rights organisations and 
movements (WROs) 

Target achieved – 75% of new rapid response actions (43 out 
of  57)  were  gender  mainstreamed  in  2024.    Cumulative  data 
for  2021-2024  show  that  79%  (166  out  of  211)  of  rapid 
response actions approved are gender mainstreamed. 

In  progress  –  At  the  end  of  2024,  52  countries  have  at  least 
one G2 action. 20 new G2 actions were committed in 2024 at 
country  level.  A  total  number  of  58  G2  country-level  actions 
have been adopted since 2021. 

Target  achieved  –  six  out  of  six  regions  (Africa,  Asia  and  the 
Pacific,  Latin  Americas  and  Caribbean,  Eastern  Partnership, 
Western  Balkans  and  Türkiye,  and  Southern  Neighbourhood) 
have  at  least  one  action  with  gender  equality  as  a  principal 
objective  (G2).  A  total  of  16  regional  G2  actions  have  been 
adopted in 2021-24. 

In progress – In 2024, the commitments in support of gender 
equality  and  women’s  empowerment  (i.e.  marked  G1  or  G2) 
amounted  to  11.823  billion  EUR,  which  is  85.3%  of  total 
committed amounts. The cumulative volume of commitments 
in  support  of  gender  equality  and  women’s  empowerment, 
adopted  in  the  period  2021-2024,  amounts  to  EUR  47.695 
billion,  corresponding  to  81.8%  of  total  commitments  under 
NDICI, IPA III and CFSP in that period. 

In progress – In 2024, the volume of commitments for funding 
to women’s rights organisations and movements amounted to 
EUR 48 million, bringing the volume of commitments adopted 
in 2021-24 to EUR 244 million. 

Target 9: Number of new EU-funded humanitarian 
programmes marked 1 or marked 2 by the DG ECHO 
Gender-Age Marker 

In progress – 86.4% of projects with a start date in 2024 have 
been  marked  as  1  or  2  by  the  DG  ECHO  gender  and  age 
marker(145). 

143 Data cover all new actions under the MFF 21-27 for NDICI-Global Europe, CSFP and IPA III. 
144 Data calculated on a sample of actions from DG INTPA, as done for 2021, 2022 and 2023. 

188 

 
 
 
 
Objective and targets of the GAP III (Part I) 

Progress in 2024 

Target: In 2024 (for 2021 start date projects): 95% 

Objective 2. Gender perspective is mainstreamed in 
all actions under the investment framework 
Target: 85% of all blending operations and guarantees 
are gender responsive/targeted (G1/G2) by 2025  

Objective 3. Gender Responsive Budgeting is 
promoted 
Target: At least 20% of new actions supporting public 
finance management (PFM) reforms include a gender 
budgeting component  

Objective 4. Gender specific and/or sex-
disaggregated indicators are systematically used  
Target: 85% of new actions by 2025 have at least the 
latest progress data entry sex-disaggregated or 
gender-specific, as mandated by the indicator 
formulation  

Objective 5. GAP III implementation is informed by 
sound gender profile and framed in ‘country-level 
implementation plans’ (CLIPs) 

Target 1: One ‘country-level implementation plan’ 
agreed per country and transmitted to headquarters 
(HQ) 

Target 2: One gender analysis per priority sector in all 
countries 

Objective 6. Gender perspective is integrated in 
‘Working Better Together’ approaches and in 
broader coordination  
Target: 85% of new joint programming documents 
over 2021-2025 reference and integrate the priorities 
of GAP III 

Objective 7. Political, security and sectoral policy 
dialogues integrate a gender perspective  

In progress – In 2024, 66% of blending operations (80 in total) 
total)  were  gender 
(13 
and  69%  of  guarantees 
responsive/targeted. The  corresponding figures for DG INTPA 
are  74%  (46  in  total)  and  67%  (6  in  total),  and  for  DG  NEAR 
56%  (34  in  total)  and  71%  (7  in  total).  Cumulative  data  for 
2021-2024 show that 63% of blending operations and 59% of 
guarantees were marked G1 or G2. 

in 

Target achieved – Since 2021, 63% of actions supporting PFM 
reforms  include  a  gender  budgeting  component  (65%  for  DG 
INTPA and 57% for DG NEAR). 

In progress – Of the interventions financed under NDICI-Global 
Europe  that  are  monitoring  gender-specific  indicators  and 
have  already  started  reporting,  53%  have  reported  sufficient 
data for the gender-specific indicators(146). 

On track – 96% of the EU Delegations have a CLIP. 130 out of 
the 136 countries(147).  

In  progress  –  86%  of  the  EU  Delegations  have  conducted  at 
least  one  gender  sector  analysis.  54  %  of  them  have  gender 
sector analyses for all their priority sectors. 

Target  achieved  –  Since  2021,  87%  of  all  EU  actions 
contributing 
Initiatives  are  gender 
mainstreamed. 

to  Team  Europe 

Target 1: All EU Delegations are engaged in at least 
one high-level dialogue on gender equality and 
women’s empowerment with institutional actors per 
year per country 

In  progress  –  78%  of  EU  Delegations  have  reported  having 
held  at  least  one  high-level  dialogue  on  gender  equality  and 
women’s  empowerment  with 
country’s 
government in 2024.  

the  partner 

Target 2: All EU Delegations are engaged in dialogue 
on gender equality and women’s empowerment with 
civil society at least once per country per year over 

In progress – 80% of EU Delegations held a high-level dialogue 
on  gender  equality  and  women’s  empowerment  with  civil 
society, including women’s and girls’ organisations in 2024.  

145 From 2024 onwards ECHO presents the results on the analysis of the gender and age markers of the projects starting 
in the given year. Previous annual reporting data was taken from the Gender-Age Marker Assessment Report (2018-
2021). 
146  Calculation  based  on  a  ‘gender  data  score’,  which  reflects  the  percentage  of  gender-mainstreamed  interventions, 
which report results and provide sufficient data on gender-specific indicators.  
147 For the purpose of this indicator, only ODA recipient countries have been considered. 

189 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Objective and targets of the GAP III (Part I) 

Progress in 2024 

2021- 2025  

Target 3: At least one dialogue per year with civil 
society on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) policy 
per (relevant) partner country 

Target  achieved  –  78%  of  EU  Delegations  consulted  and/or 
involved  civil  society  organisations  in  dialogues  on  WPS  in 
2024.  

Objective 8. All EU actions implemented at regional 
level are gender mainstreamed 

Target 1: a regional/multi-country gender profile 
conducted or updated in at least four regions by end 
2022 

Target 2: At least three regions have identified 
priorities to implement GAP III by end 2022 

Objective 9. The EU takes on a coordinated 
leadership on gender equality and women’s 
empowerment in international meetings (UN, AU, 
NATO, ASEAN, OSCE, G7, G20, etc.)  

Target 1: At least two joint EU positions for key 
gender international/regional events and negotiations 
per year 

Target 2: Statements and commitments made by EU 
officials on gender equality and women’s 
empowerment (GEWE) and Women, Peace and 
Security (WPS) 

Target 3: EU and its Member States’ bilateral and 
regional dialogues that include WPS-related priorities 
and commitments 

Target 4: EU bilateral and multilateral/regional 
agreements and/or joint activities and programmes 
on WPS, gender equality and women’s empowerment 
with partners inter alia UN, AU, NATO, CoE, OSCE, G7, 
G20 and ASEAN 

Target 5: EU commitments/ engagements with the 
humanitarian initiative ‘Call to Action on Protection 
from Gender-based Violence in Emergencies’ and new 
Road Map 2021-2024 

Objective 10. Gender-responsive leadership 
enhanced  

Target  not  achieved  –  By  2024,  three  sub-regions  have 
conducted  a  regional  gender  profile:  East  Asia  (has  one  for 
ASEAN  counties,  the  Pacific  Islands  have  one  gender  profile 
and  three  sector  gender  profiles),  Eastern  Partnership,  and 
Southern Neighbourhood. 

Target  achieved  –  Five  of  the  six  regions  have  established 
regional  /sub-regional  priorities:  Africa,  Asia  and  the  Pacific, 
Latin  American  and  Caribbean,  Eastern  Partnership,  and  the 
Southern Neighbourhood. 

Target  achieved  –  The  EEAS  reported  at  least  26  positions.  
Among the reported joint positions eight for the 68th Session 
of the  Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women 
(CSW), 13 positions and annotated agenda items on women's 
rights  and  gender  equality  in  EU  dialogues  with  Enlargement 
and Central Asian countries, and at least in three occasions at 
the Human Rights Council meetings. 

Target  achieved  –  The  EEAS  reported  37  statements  and  4 
commitments  on  GEWE  and  WPS,  including  statements  and 
commitment  in  the:  UNGA,  UNSC,  HRC,  G7,  G20,  OSCE,  etc. 
70% of EU Delegations reported that their Head of Delegation 
made  at  least  one  statement  or  commitment  on  GEWE  and 
WPS in 2024. 

Target  achieved  –  The  EEAS  reported  42  bilateral,  5  regional 
and    2  multilateral  dialogues  that  included  WPS-related 
priorities and commitments in 2023. Topics: access to justice, 
equal  participation  or  GBV  among  others.  79%  of  EU 
Delegations were engaged in bilateral or regional dialogues on 
WPS-related priorities and commitments 

Target achieved – The EEAS reported 21 agreements, activities 
or  programmes.  Including  13  with  the  UN  and  6  with  the 
Union for the Mediterranean. 

Target  achieved  –  The EU participated to the relevant  events 
and reported on its eight commitments.  

Target 1: 50% of women in senior and middle 
management positions in COM and EEAS services, EU 

In progress  – By  the end of  2024, 48% of senior  managers in 
the  Commission,  44%  in  the  EEAS  HQ,  and  31%  in  EU 

190 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Objective and targets of the GAP III (Part I) 

Progress in 2024 

Delegations, CSDP missions and operations  

Target 2: The minimum of 33% proportion of women 
mediators, negotiators and technical experts present 
in formal as well as informal peace processes where 
the EU and its MS are engaged, with specific mention 
of those in high-level and leadership positions  

Target 3: Gender balanced personnel in EU Election 
observation missions 

delegations are women. For  middle management, the figures 
were  49%  for  Commission,  39%  in  EEAS  HQ  and  39%  in  EU 
Delegations.  In  addition,  24%  of  management  positions  in 
CSDP missions and operations were held by women. 

Target achieved – In 2024, EEAS pool of mediators is gender-
balanced:  52%  are  women  (12  over  23  positions  are  filled  by 
women).  

EU  Special  Representatives:  27%  are  women  (three  over  11 
persons).  They  are  acting  in  the  Horn  of  Africa,  the  Caucasus 
and a Special Representative for Human Rights. 

Target achieved – 51% of the observers who were deployed in 
2024  were  women.  In  2024,  all  four  Chiefs  of  Mission  were 
women. 

Target 4: 50% women appointed as Deputy Chief 
Observer within EU election observation missions 

Target  achieved  –  100%  of  the  chief  of  mission  appointed  in 
2024 were women.  

Target 5: 100% of management trained on gender 
equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) and on 
GAP III 

In  progress  –  42%  of  managers  in  HQs  have  been  trained  on 
GEWE  and  GAPIII.  51%  of  the  EU  Delegations  have  reported 
that their management has received training.  

Target 6: 100% of men and women staff at all levels, 
a) EU HQ b) diplomatic staff, c) civilian staff and d) 
military staff, participating in CSDP missions and 
operations that are trained on WPS (WPS Ind. 4) 

In progress – In progress. In 2024, 100% of the staff from CSDP 
Civilian  Missions,  77%  of  the  staff  in  CSDP  Military  Missions 
and  85%  the  staff  in  CSDP  Military  Operations  have  been 
trained in WPS(148).  

Target 7: 100% of staff trained on conduct and 
discipline that includes content related to SEA and 
harassment including SH, among a) EU HQ b) 
diplomatic staff, c) civilian staff and d) military staff 
participating in CSDP missions and operations (WPS 
Ind. 5)  

Objective 11. Gender Advisors, Focal Persons/Points 
support for the integration of a gender perspective in 
EU policies, interventions, and dialogues  

Target 1: All EU Delegations and headquarters 
external services have a gender focal person (GFP) 

In  progress  –  100%  of  staff  in  CSDP  civilian  missions,  77%  in 
military  missions,  7%  in  military  operations,  and  11%  at  the 
training  on  conduct  and 
EEAS  Headquarters  received 
discipline,  which 
included  content  on  SEA  as  well  as 
harassment, including SH. 

In progress – 86% of services have a GFP (78% in HQ and 94% 
of EU Delegations). There are 416 GFPs in total (269 in HQ and 
143 in EU Delegations).  

Target 2: Those gender focal persons have 
corresponding tasks in their job description 

In  progress  –  57%  of  GPFs  have  the  tasks  in  their  job 
description (58% in HQ and 55% in EU Delegations).  

148 To be noted that data on CSDP Military Missions and Operations is only presented for those services that have done 
the reporting.  

191 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Budget Support Annexes 

The following tables and charts present the financial and geographic distribution of the EU budget support portfolio at the end of 2024, of budget support 
payments made in 2024 and of main features of ongoing budget support contracts. These figures include OCTs, which are non-ODA eligible countries. 

Table 5. EU budget support portfolio at the end of 2024 per region 

Number 
of 
countries 

Number 
of 
budget 
support 
contracts 

Type of budget support 
contracts (number) 

Budget support total open 
commitments at the end of 2024 
(in million EUR) 

Asia 
Caribbean 
Central Africa 
Eastern Africa 
Eastern neighbourhood 
Latin America 
Overseas countries and territories (OCTs) 
Pacific 
Southern Africa 
Southern neighbourhood 
West Africa 
Western Balkans 
All regions 

11 
5 
2 
6 
4 
5 
10 
9 
5 
3 
13 
6 
79 

SDG-C 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
4 

22 
8 
2 
14 
17 
12 
12 
14 
10 
41 
21 
20 
193 

SRBC 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
2 
2 
6 
12 
7 
37 

SRPC 
22 
7 
2 
13 
11 
12 
12 
12 
8 
35 
5 
13 
152 

Total ongoing 

of which new 
commitments 
in 2024 

1 484.9 
222.8 
50.3 
941.5 
1 656.1 
289.6 
291.5 
208.3 
292.5 
2 958.0 
1 271.0 
919.8 
10 586.4 

17.0 
8.8 
44.0 
0 
64.0 
0 
20.4 
30.8 
55.0 
257.0 
163.0 
58.0 
718.0 

Total 
disbursed in 
2024 (in 
million EUR) 

Share of 
budget 
support 
portfolio at 
the end of 
2024 

14.0% 
2.1% 
0.5% 
8.9% 
15.6% 
2.7% 
2.8% 
2.0% 
2.8% 
27.9% 
12.0% 
8.7% 
100% 

179.8 
4.1 
11.7 
78.7 
220.0 
34.7 
54.8 
7.7 
80.5 
418.8 
98.1 
40.0 
1 228.9 

Sustainable Development Goals Contracts (SDG-C) comprise EUR 201.7 million (2%), State and Resilience Building Contracts (SRBC) EUR 3 655.3 million (34%) 
and Sector Reform Performance Contracts (SPRC) EUR 6 729.4 million (64%), respectively. 

192 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 6. Countries and OCTs with EU budget support contracts 

          Figure 12. Distribution of the EU budget support portfolio by region in 2024 

Countries and OCTs with EU budget support contracts* 
Asia (11) 

Eastern Neighbourhood (4) 
• 
Armenia 
• 
Georgia 
•  Moldova 
• 
Ukraine 

• 
Bangladesh 
• 
Bhutan 
• 
Cambodia 
• 
Kyrgyzstan 
• 
Laos 
•  Mongolia 
•  Myanmar 
• 
Nepal 
• 
Tajikistan 
• 
Uzbekistan 
• 
Vietnam 

  Caribbean (5) 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Barbados 
Dominican Republic 
Haiti 
Jamaica 
Saint Lucia 

Central Africa (2) 
• 
• 

Cameroon 
Sao Tome and Principe 

Latin America (5) 
• 
Bolivia 
• 
Colombia 
• 
Guyana 
• 
Honduras 
• 
Paraguay 
OCT (10) 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Aruba 
Bonaire 
French Polynesia 
Greenland 
New Caledonia 
Saba 
Sint Eustatius 
St Barthélemy 
St 
Pierre 
Miquelon 
•  Wallis et Futuna 

et 

Jordan 

• 
•  Morocco 
• 
Tunisia 
West Africa (13) 
Benin 
Cabo Verde 
Chad 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Gambia 
Guinea 
Liberia 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
•  Mali 
•  Mauritania 
• 
Niger 
• 
Senegal 
• 
Sierra Leone 
• 
Togo 

Eastern Africa (6) 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Ethiopia 
Kenya 
Rwanda 
Somalia 
Tanzania 
Uganda 

Pacific (9) 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Fiji 
Kiribati 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Timor-Leste 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 

Western Balkans (6) 
• 
Albania 
• 
Bosnia and 
Herzegovina 
• 
Kosovo 
•  Montenegro 
• 
• 

North Macedonia 
Serbia 

Southern Africa (5) 

• 
Angola 
•  Malawi 
• 
Namibia 
• 
South Africa 
• 
Zambia 

Southern Neighbourhood 
(3) 

West Africa
12,0%

Western Balkans
8,7%

Asia
14,0%

Caribbean
2,1%

Central Africa
0,5%

Eastern Africa
8,9%

Eastern 
Neighbourhood
15,6%

Southern 
Neighbourhood
27,9%

Southern Africa
2,8%

Latin America
2,7%
OCTs/Greenland
2,8%

Pacific
2,0%

* This list includes countries, where budget support operations were on hold in 2023 due to political 
reasons and/or failure to meet eligibility criteria. 

193 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 13. Average size of budget support portfolio per country in each region in EUR 

Average size of budget support portfolio per country in each region in EUR

900.000.000
800.000.000
700.000.000
600.000.000
500.000.000
400.000.000
300.000.000
200.000.000
100.000.000
0

Figure 14. Average size of individual budget support operation in each region in EUR 

Average size of individual budget support operation in each region in EUR

120.000.000

100.000.000

80.000.000

60.000.000

40.000.000

20.000.000

0

Interpretation:  the  first  chart  above  (Figure  13)  depicts  –  region  by  region  –  the  average  budget 
support portfolio per country (consisting of one or more operations). The average over all regions is 
EUR  134  million.  The  second  chart  (Figure  14)  provides  the  average  size  of  an  individual  budget 
support operation – region by region. The overall average is EUR 55 million. 

194 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 15. Budget support disbursements from 2021 to 2024 (in million EUR) 

Budget support disbursements from 2021 to 2024 (in million EUR) 

 900
 800
 700
 600
 500
 400
 300
 200
 100
 -

2021

2022

2023

2024

Figure 16. Share of fixed and variable tranches in 2024 budget support payments 

Share of fixed and variable tranches in 2024 budget support payments

Fixed tranche

Variable tranche

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

The  chart  above  (Figure  16)  provides  the  share  of  fixed  and  variable  tranches in  actual  payments, 
respectively  62.3%  and  37.7%  on  average.  These  shares  vary  widely  between  regions.  DG  INTPA 
regions had an average variable share of 50.1% and DG NEAR regions of 27.7%. As variable tranches 
are not necessarily paid in full, their share by design is relatively higher in the original disbursement 
profile of operations. They account on average for 41.2% of the disbursement profile in the financing 
agreements under consideration (DG INTPA 53.3%; DG NEAR 31.1%).  

195 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figures 17 & 18. Main SDG for all new budget support operations approved under the current multiannual financial framework (for the years 2021, 2022, 
2023 and 2024) 

All budget support operations can contribute up to 10 SDGs with one SDG being selected as ‘principal’ target. The chart below depicts the principal focus of 
operations only and therefore not their full coverage of SDGs as such. 

SDG17

SDG1

SDG16

SDG15

SDG13

SDG11

SDG10

SDG9

SDG8

SDG7

SDG2

SDG4

SDG5

SDG6

196 

SDG1  No poverty10,20%SDG2  Zero Hunger9,18%SDG3  Good health and well beingSDG4  Quality education15,31%SDG5  Gender equality, women and girl empowerment1,02%SDG6  Clean water and sanitation4,08%SDG7  Affordable and clean energy11,22%SDG8  Economic growth, employment and decent work6,12%SDG9  Infrastructure, industralisation and innovation2,04%SDG10  Reduced inequalities4,08%SDG11  Sustainable cities and communities2,04%SDG12  Responsible consumption and productionSDG13  Climate action8,18%SDG14  Life below waterSDG15  Life on land3,06%SDG16  Peaceful and inclusive societies, justice, strong institutions22,45%SDG17  Global Partnership1,02% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Financial Annexes 
8.1. 
8.1.1.  Introduction to financial tables 

EU external assistance in 2024 

General concepts and standards 
The  tables  and  graphs  in  these  financial  annexes  present  the  main  data  on  the  EU’s  International 
Partnerships (including development assistance) in 2024 by country, region, sector and instrument. 
These activities are mainly funded by  Heading VI –  ‘Neighbourhood and the World’ of the general 
budget  of  the  European  Union,  as  well  as  the  Ukraine  Facility,  established  in  2024  as  an  Special 
Instrument outsidde the MFF ceilings.   

The legal and financial basis of the EU’s International Partnerships under the 2021-2027 Multiannual 
Financial Framework (MFF) is composed of several instruments. The main one is the Neighbourhood, 
Development  and  International  Cooperation  Instrument  –  Global  Europe  (NDICI-Global  Europe). 
NDICI-Global  Europe  includes  geographical  and  thematic  components  previously  covered  by  the 
European  Development  Fund  (EDF),  the  Development  Cooperation  Instrument  (DCI)  and  the 
European  Neighbourhood Instrument  (ENI).  NDICI-Global  Europe  is entirely  funded  by  the  general 
budget  of  the  EU.  Other  instruments  include  Humanitarian  Aid,  the  third  Instrument  of  Pre- 
Accession (IPA III), the Ukraine Facility, and the Reform and Growth Facility for the Western Balkans. 
While new commitments in 2024 are only made on new MFF instruments, payments are made on 
both the new MFF and the previous MFF instruments, as well as the EDF. 

Whenever references are made in the following tables to the 'EU budget', this refers to the part of 
the EU general budget managed by the European Commission, including the co-financing provided 
by other partners (e.g. Member States, third countries, and international organisations). It does not 
cover EU Member States' national budgets for development assistance. 

The  methodology  of  the  financial  annexes  of  the  Annual  Report  is  compliant  with  international 
standards as defined by OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and in particular:  

•  The financial tables are done at the two levels of project implementation used by OECD DAC: 
Commitments  and  Payments.  Commitments  are  the  legal  and  budgetary  reservation  of 
funds for a project to come, as defined by the project description document. Commitments 
best reflect the provider’s intentions as they are usually implemented within the five years 
following  the year they are  reported. Payments are the sums disbursed to beneficiaries of 
contracts  within  agreed  projects.  They  best  reflect  what  has  actually  been  implemented 
during the reported year.  

•  De-commitments  (representing  partial  or  total  withdrawal  of  reserved  funds  for  a  given 
project,  due  to  a  change  of  focus,  a  reduction  or  a  cancellation  of  the  project  where  the 
funds can be re-committed later on to another project) are taken into account and reported 
as  negative  commitment  in  the  financial  annexes.  It  eliminates  the  risk  of  over-reporting 
commitments and allows for a better overall picture of the implementation of the budget. 
As  a  result,  there  may  be  discrepancies  with  other  reports  produced  by  other  European 
Commission services. 

•  The  concept  of  Official  Development  Assistance  (ODA)  used  throughout  the  tables  and 
figures is defined by the OECD DAC. Not all EU external assistance can be reported as ODA. 
Whether a project is classified as ODA depends on the eligibility of the recipient country and 
the purpose and contents of the project.  

197 

 
 
 
 
•  The  definition  of  ‘region’  reflects  the  country  groupings  used  by  OECD  DAC.  It  does  not 
always  coincide  with  the  country  groupings  used  in  the  Commission  instruments.  The 
granularity level of some of the tables allow for a breakdown by country and instrument for 
analytical purposes. 
It is worth noting that the level of granularity of commitments is usually lower than the level 
of granularity of payments.  

• 

•  The taxonomy of countries and territories of the financial annexes  of the  Annual Report is 
compliant  with  the  European  Commission’s  Interinstitutional  Style  Guide  as  well  as  the 
latest  guidelines  elaborated  by  the  European  Commission’s  Secretariat  General  on  the 
subject. In particular: 

o 

o 

‘Kosovo*’  in the tables refers  to the following note:  (*) This designation is without 
prejudice  to  positions  on  status  and  is  in  line  with  UNSCR  1244/1999  and  the  ICJ 
Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. In tables where the population 
of Kosovo is mentioned, the figures come from 2023 World Bank statistics as general 
UN statistics do not include that specific data.  
‘Palestine**’ in the tables refers to the following note: (**) This designation shall not 
be  construed  as  recognition  of  a  State  of  Palestine  and  is  without  prejudice  to  the 
individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

•  The grouping of ODA-eligible countries in four groups (Least Developed Countries or LDCs; 
Other  Low-Income  Countries  or  OLICs;  Lower  Middle-Income  Countries  or  LMICs;  Upper 
Middle-Income  Countries  or  UMICs)  is  a  dimension  widely  used  by  OECD  DAC  and  other 
international  organisations.  It  is  based  on  Gross  National  Income  (GNI)  per  capita 
calculations and on human development indexes.  

•  Activities of global nature targeting all developing countries, or activities targeting recipient 
countries  in  more  than  one  continent  (e.g.  projects  targeting  North  of  Africa  and  Middle 
East) are classified as ‘Developing countries, unspecified’. 

•  The activity sectors used in the tables are those used by OECD DAC for sectoral ventilation 

(DAC purpose codes).  

There  are  a  number  of  methodological  differences  between  the  presentation  of  the  data  in  this 
Annual Report and the OECD DAC statistics, which makes it difficult to compare the two data sets. To 
give a few examples, on the one hand, co-financing (contributions by EU Member States directly to 
specific projects) are included in the Annual Report as they are part of the EU’s operational portfolio, 
but not reported to OECD DAC in order to avoid double counting. On the other hand, transactions 
not funded by the Heading VI such as concessional loans by the European Investment Bank, Macro 
Financial Assistance loans to the European Neighbourhood and loans under the Ukraine Facility are 
reported  to  the  OECD  DAC  but  aren’t  included  in  this  report.  In  2024,  considering  the  volume  of 
loans  to  the  European  Neighbourhood,  and  in  particular  to  Ukraine,  they  are  included  (for 
information only) in a specific box that is part of Table 1 in this financial annex. 

Structure and common elements  
The transition to the new MFF in 2021 introduced new instruments and substantially modified the 
financial structure of EU External Action. To reflect this as well as the evolution of reporting needs, 
the  financial  annexes  were  substantially  modified  and  simplified  at  the  time,  while  preserving  the 
continuity of the series. This new layout has been used in 2024 as well.  

Financial annexes of the 2024 Annual Report are structured in four sections as follows:  

198 

 
 
 
 
•  Tables 1 to 18 are the core of the financial reporting. These tables remain mostly unchanged 
year after year and ensure the continuity of the statistical series. They present commitments 
and payments funded by the Heading VI and the Ukraine Facility. 

•  Tables 19 to 22 are specific to the new MFF 2021-2027 and address specific needs and legal 

requirements. 

•  Tables TF1 to TF6 present data on the implementation of the European Union Trust Funds.  
•  Tables 3 Bis to 7 Bis are part of this report since 2023. They copy tables 3 to 7 in a way that 
has  been  specially  adapted  to  be  machine-readable  for  the  visually  impaired.  Their 
presentation doesn’t follow the standard layout of the Annual Report financial tables.  

At the top right of each table, a small information box specifies whether the figures in the table are 
Commitments  or  Disbursements;  whether  only  Official  Development  Assistance  (ODA)  figures  or 
non-ODA  figures  are  included  (Yes  or  No,  depending);  which  of  the  EDF,  the  INTPA  (Directorate-
General  for  International  Partnerships)  budget  lines,  and  the  non-INTPA  budget  lines  (including 
Directorate-General  for  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement  Negotiations)  are  included  (Yes  or  No, 
depending). 

To improve readability, all numbers in the tables are presented as rounded up to the nearest EUR 
million.  Negative  numbers  (e.g.  in  the  case of  decommitments)  are  reported in  red  color with the 
minus sign in front. When a table shows the number ‘0’, it means that the exact figure is between 
EUR 0 and EUR 0.5 million. When a table shows a blank, it means that the exact figure is zero. When 
a table shows the number ‘- 0’, it means that the exact figure is between EUR – 0.5 million and EUR 
0. 

A list of abbreviations is also provided in this annex. 

8.1.2.   Financial tables 

Note: All amounts are displayed in EUR millions and computed as current prices. 

The Annual Report main financial annex consists of the following tables: 

1 – Percentage of EU Budget committed and disbursed on External Action in 2024 

This table shows the relative importance of external assistance in the overall expenditure of the EU 
budget.  

Since 2023, it includes an additional information box on loans to neighbourhood countries. The loans 
as such (except for their provisioning), are not funded by Heading VI of the EU budget so they are 
not  part  of  this  Annual  Report  in  principle,  but  constitute  ODA  and  are  therefore  reported  to  the 
OECD DAC in ‘grant equivalent’, the standard DAC reporting method for sovereign sector loans. They 
are included here for information.  

199 

 
 
 
 
 
 
It should be noted that the amount of the EU Budget committed and disbursed on External Action in 
2024 includes an amount of EUR 200.3 million of interest costs subsidised by the EU budget on loans 
extended to Ukraine in 2022(149). 

2 – Proportion of External Action used for Official Development Assistance (ODA) in 2024 

This table provides a breakdown between ODA and non-ODA by Directorate-General.  

3A – General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG and instrument – Commitments 

3B – General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG and instrument – Disbursements 

These  tables  provide  detailed  breakdowns  of  the  commitments  and  payments  funded  by  the  EU 
Budget  by  managing  DG,  instrument  and  source  of  funding  (regular  own  resources  contributions 
from Member States or co-financing). 

4 – European Development Fund (EDF) in 2024 – Disbursements 

This  table  presents  a  breakdown  of  the  payments  funded  by the  European Development  Fund  for 
2024.  New  commitments  targeting  the  geographical  area  of  former  EDFs  are  now  made  under 
NDICI-Global Europe and are part of the EU budget shown on table 3A above. 

5A – Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2024 - Commitments 

5B – Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2024 – Disbursements 

6A – Country breakdown of European Commission development assistance in 2024 – Commitments 

6B – Country breakdown of European Commission development assistance in 2024 – Disbursements 

7 – Distribution of ODA by OECD Sector and Country Grouping in 2024 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  category  “Other”  covers  both,  regional  activities,  as  well  as  activities 
targeting developing countries in general. 

8A – ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2024 – Commitments 

8B – ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2024 – Disbursements 

These tables  combine  a ventilation of ODA  by  sector  and  by  country  and  includes  a  calculation  of 
ODA per capita.  

It  should  be  noted  that  the  category  “Developing  countries  Unallocated”  covers  both,  regional 
activities, as well as activities targeting developing countries in general. 

9A – INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Commitments 

9B – INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Disbursements 

10A – Budget Non-INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Commitments 

10B – Budget Non-INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Disbursements 

149 EUR 195.3 million for Macro Financial Assistance Loans extended in 2022, and EUR 5 million for loans under the MFA+ 
instrument. 

200 

 
 
 
 
 
 
11A – Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2024 – Commitments 

11B – Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2024 – Disbursements 

12A – Breakdown by country and instrument for 2024 – Commitments 

12B – Breakdown by country and instrument for 2024 – Disbursements 

These  tables  provide  a  complete  detailed  breakdown  of EU external  assistance.  They  include  ODA 
eligible countries as well as ineligible countries and territories, non-allocated flows, core funding to 
multilaterals and administrative costs to give a complete picture. 

13A – Breakdown by co-operation modality and by instrument 2024 – Commitments 

13B – Breakdown by co-operation modality and by instrument 2024 – Disbursements 

Tables  14  to  17  show  an  evolution  over  the  last  five  years  of  some  key  variables:  sources  of  the 
external assistance by Directorate General, sectoral breakdown, breakdown by region, income group 
and aid modality.  

14A – Sources of External Action in 2020 – 2024 and breakdown ODA / non-ODA – Commitments 

14B – Sources of External Action in 2020 - 2024 and breakdown ODA / non-ODA – Disbursements 

15 – Sectoral breakdown of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for 2020 – 2024 

16A  –  Regional  distribution  of  Official  Development  Assistance  (ODA)  to  developing  countries  for 
2020 – 2024 

16B  –  Regional  distribution  of  Official  Development  Assistance  (ODA)  to  developing  countries  for 
2020 – 2024 

17 – Breakdown by co-operation modality for 2020 – 2024 

18 – ODA by instrument for 2021 – 2027 

This table (newly introduced in 2021) provides a history of commitments and disbursements under 
the new MFF broken down by instrument. 

19 – Breakdown by Management Type - Disbursements in 2024 

This table addresses requests by the Council of the European Union(150) and shows 2024 payments by 
type  of  implementation  partners  in  both  direct  and  indirect  management,  as  referenced  in  the 
Financial Regulation(151).  

Detailed  lists  of  contracts  signed  with  international  organisations  or  development  agencies  in 
indirect  management  are  available  in  the  Annual  Activity  Reports  (annex  6)  of  the  Directorate 
General  for  International  Partnerships  (INTPA),  the  Directorate  General  for  Neighbourhood  and 
Enlargement  Negotiations  (NEAR),  and  the  Directorate  General  for  European  Civil  Protection  and 

150  WK 1423/2020 REV 2. 
151 Financial Regulation Article 62 para 1 point c). 

201 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Humanitarian 
https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/annual-activity-reports_en 

respectively, 

Operations 

(ECHO) 

Aid 

at 

the 

following 

link: 

20 – Disbursements - Breakdown by forms of Union Funding as defined in Articles 41 and 27 NDICI- 
Global Europe 

This  table  provides  a  breakdown  of  2024  payments  by  ‘forms  of  union  funding’  using  the  new 
taxonomy defined in Article 27 of the NDICI-Global Europe basic act, as requested by Article 41 of 
the NDICI-Global Europe basic act(152), for both direct and indirect management modes.  

For the sake of clarity, certain forms of EU funding that are not explicitly included in Article 27 NDICI-
Global  Europe  are  shown  on  distinct  lines:  this  is  in  particular  the  case  for  Contribution  and 
Delegation Agreements as well as Programme Estimates.  

‘Blending’ is defined in the context of this table as payments on contracts funded by the European 
Commission 
leading  to  the  mobilisation  of  additional  public  or  private  finance  for  the 
implementation of projects. Mobilised funds per se are not included.  

21 – Disbursements related to the previous MFF 

This table (added in 2021) provides a detailed breakdown of completion lines (disbursements funded 
by the previous MFF) by instrument, excluding the EDF covered by table 4 above.  

22A – Amount of contributing programmes per SDG for 2024 – Commitments 

22B – Amount of contributing programmes per SDG for 2024 – Disbursements 

These tables (added in 2021) present the contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 
in 2024 for Commitments and Disbursements. Each transaction contributes to one ‘main’ SDG and 
up to nine ‘significant’ SDGs, for a maximum total of 10. As there can be only one  ‘main’ SDG per 
transaction,  there  is  no  double  counting  of  ‘main’  SDGs,  and  the  total  matches  the  total  of 
transactions. The ‘significant’ SDGs reflects the transversal nature of SDGs.  

Table TF1 to TF6 provide information on the implementation of EU Trust Funds. EU Trust Funds are 
funding  tools  that  pool  together  resources  from  different  donors  (including  the  European 
Commission)  in  order  to  enable  a  quick,  flexible,  and  collective  EU  response  to  the  different 
dimensions  of  a situation requiring  urgent  response.  They  are  specific  instruments  with their own 
accounts and financial management. 

As of 2024, four EU Trust Funds are active: TF Africa (fostering stability and assisting a broad group 
of  countries  across  the  African  continent),  TF  Bêkou  (addressing  the  crisis  in  Central  Africa),  TF 
Madad (addressing the consequences of the Syrian crisis) and TF Colombia (in support of Colombia's 
post-conflict peace building efforts).  

The tables TF 1 to TF 6 are shown to provide some information on the financial implementation of 
the EU Trust Funds in a way that is consistent with international DAC standards.  

Annex TF 1 shows the incoming contributions to the Trust Funds, both during previous years and for 
2024. 

152 REGULATION (EU) 2021/947 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 June 2021 establishing the 
Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe. 

202 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Annexes TF 2 to TF 6 provide the breakdown of the expenditure realised by the active Trust Funds.  

TF 1 Overview of incoming contributions (disbursements from contributors) 

TF 2A Overview of committed and disbursed amounts 

TF 2B Proportion of Trust Funds assistance used for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2024 

TF 3A Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Africa 

TF 3B Regional breakdown of Trust Fund Africa 

TF 4 Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Bêkou 

TF 5 Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Colombia 

TF 6 Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Madad 

Tables  3A  Bis  to  7  Bis  duplicate  tables  3A  to  7  in  a  way  that  has  been  specially  adapted  to  be 
machine-readable for the visually impaired, in compliance with EC publication requirements.  

3A - BIS General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG and instrument– Commitments 

3B - BIS General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG and instrument– Disbursements 

4 - BIS European Development Fund (EDF) in 2024 – Disbursements 

5A - BIS Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2024 – Commitments 

5B - BIS Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2024 – Disbursements 

7 - BIS Distribution of ODA by OECD Sector and Country Grouping in 2024 

203 

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments  
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 1: Percentage of EU Budget committed and disbursed on External Action in 2024 

EU Budget Committed and Disbursed on External Action 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

EU Budget Execution without External Action 
External Action (Budget + EDF) 
EU Budget + EDF 

184.829 
23.618 
208.447 

222.088 
21.081 
243.169 

2024 EC MFA Loans 

Memo item for Macro Financial Assistance (MFA) Loans. 
Commitments 
                                    1.000  
                                          95  
                                          50  
                                  13.112  

Egypt 
Moldova 
Macedonia 
Ukraine 

Disbursements 
                                                 1.000  
                                                      95  
                                                      50  
                                               13.112  

Grant Equivalent 
                              401  
                                24  
                                12  
                          5.153  

Loan Programme 

 Macro Financial Assistance  
 Macro Financial Assistance  
 Macro Financial Assistance  
 Ukraine Facility  

Graphs Table 1 

Commitments

Disbursements

11%

89%

EU Budget Execution
without External Action

External Action (Budget +
EDF)

9%

91%

EU Budget Execution
without External Action

External Action (Budget +
EDF)

204 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Commitments  
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 2: Proportion of External Action used for Official Development Assistance (ODA) in 2024 

Commitments (in EUR millions) 

EU Budget 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Total 

DG INTPA Budget 
DG NEAR Budget 
Other DGs Budget 
EDF 
Total 

Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

7.198  
10.270  
5.813  
-2  
23.279  

116  
39  
184  

339  

EU Budget 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Total 

DG INTPA Budget 
DG NEAR Budget 
Other DGs Budget 
EDF 
 Total 

4.949  
8.817  
5.407  
1.294  
20.467  

99  
67  
337  
111  
614  

7.315  
10.308  
5.997  
-2  
23.618  

5.047  
8.885  
5.744  
1.405  
21.081  

205 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 2 

DG INTPA Budget

DG NEAR Budget

s
G
D

Other DGs Budget

EDF

Committed amount (EUR million)

Disbursed amount (EUR million)

0

2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

DG INTPA Budget

ODA

Non-ODA

DG NEAR Budget

s
G
D

Other DGs Budget

EDF

Proportion of committed amount under External Action used for ODA

Proportion of disbursed amount under External Action used for ODA

1%

3%

ODA

Non-ODA

99%

97%

ODA

Non-ODA

ODA

Non-ODA

206 

 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 3A: General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG and instrument – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Type  
of aid 

Directorate-Generals 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO 
FPI 
AGRI 
CLIMA 
ECFIN 
ENV 
REGIO 
Other DGs 
Commission's administration 

ODA Total 

All 
Commission's administration 
Non-ODA Total 

ODA 

Regular 
Contribution 

Non-ODA 

Cofinancing 

Regular Contribution Total 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO 
Other DGs 
Commission's administration 

ODA Total 

All 
Commission's administration 
Non-ODA Total 

Cofinancing Total 
Total 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

5.730 
2.357 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

766 
59 

149 
804 

2 

171 

251 

149 

110 
371 

17 

11 

0 

8.720 
94 

1.025 
8 

94 
8.814 
302 
6 

11 

318 
3 

3 
322 
9.135 

8 
1.033 

1.033 

319 
1.523 
29 
4 
32 
1.556 

0 
0 
2 
0 
2 
2 
1.558 

4. HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

2.487 

10 
2.498 

2.498 

13 

0 
14 

14 
2.511 

1.752 

158 

6 

71 
77 
57 
2.120 
0 
0 
0 
2.121 

4 
4 
8 

0 
0 
8 
2.129 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

4 
4.730 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 
0 
398 

4 

1 

4.737 

400 

4.737 

400 

150 

150 

150 
4.887 

400 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

39 

17 

3 
1 
43 

43 

0 
18 
53 
1 
54 
72 

-2 

-2 

-2 

23 
11 
2 
0 
58 
1 
57 
4 
11 
11 

179 
72 

72 
251 

1 

569 

570 

620 
620 

620 

23 
23 

43 

72 

23 
643 

570 
821 

-2 

314 

1 
315 
73 
0 
73 
389 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
389 

6.727 
10.110 
2.489 
739 
216 
18 
212 
15 
193 
467 
1.009 
22.196 
329 
5 
334 
22.530 
302 
157 
13 
584 
28 
1.083 
5 
0 
5 
1.088 
23.618 

207 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Table 3B: General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG and instrument – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Disbursements 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Type  
of aid 

Directorate-Generals 

ODA 

Regular Contribution 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO 
FPI 
AGRI 
CLIMA 
ECFIN 
ENV 
REGIO 
Other DGs 
Commission's administration 

ODA Total 

Non-
ODA 

All 
Commission's administration 

Non-ODA Total 

Regular Contribution Total 

ODA 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO 
Other DGs 
Commission's administration 

ODA Total 

Non-
ODA 

All 
Commission's administration 

Non-ODA Total 

Cofinancing 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2.763 
2.140 
0 

279 

79 
231 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

818 
48 

17 
333 

127 

219 

2.413 

7 

15 

0 

5. 
IPA 
III 

3 
1.170 
0 

59 

6 

5 
55 
56 
1.354 
23 
1 
23 
1.377 

4 
5 
9 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

1 
3.630 

315 

1 
316 
76 
0 
76 
392 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
393 

1 

1 
1 

1 

3 

3.634 

3.634 

3 

3 

3 
3.637 

10 
2.424 
3 
0 
3 
2.427 

14 

0 
15 

329 
898 
51 
10 
61 
959 

1 
1 

0 
0 
1 
960 

0 
0 
15 
2.442 

0 
0 
9 
1.386 

5.492 
150 

1.015 
27 

150 
5.643 
110 

27 
1.042 

9 

119 

Cofinancing Total 
Total 

119 
5.761 

1.042 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

23 

0 

3 
1 
26 
0 
0 
0 
26 

0 
0 
52 
1 
54 
54 

28 
5 
1 
0 

1 
28 
4 

16 

83 
61 

621 
621 

61 
144 

621 

416 

416 

23 
23 

26 

54 

23 
643 

416 
560 

1.287 

993 
1.476 
1 
76 
36 
3 

0 
82 
33 

2.701 
45 

1.287 
111 

111 
1.399 
7 

45 
2.746 
15 
9 

1 

25 
0 

7 

0 
25 
2.771 

7 
1.405 

5.934 
8.802 
2.416 
737 
95 
11 
313 
18 
165 
341 
1.019 
19.851 
602 
12 
614 
20.464 
132 
12 
14 
429 
29 
617 
0 
0 
0 
617 
21.081 

208 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Table 4: European Development Fund (EDF) in 2024 (in EUR millions) 

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

No 

No 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

Yes 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Total 

Regular Contribution 

Cotonou 

A Envelope 

Regional allocations 

Intra-ACP allocations 

B Envelope 

Implementation costs 

Cofinancing 

Regular Contribution Total 

A Envelope 

Intra-ACP allocations 

Cofinancing Total 

Cotonou Total 

Total EDF 

725 

289 

248 

15 

10 

1.287 

5 

1 

7 

1.294 
1.294 

5 

15 

88 

0 

3 

111 

111 
111 

731 

304 

336 

16 

13 

1.399 

5 

1 

7 

1.405 
1.405 

209 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Table 5A: Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

DG INTPA Budget 

DG NEAR Budget 

Other DGs Budget 

EDF 

Total 

Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Economic infrastructure and services 
Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources  
Energy policy  
Heating, cooling and energy distribution  
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

3.355  
416  
111  
65  
40  
200  
1.819  
172  
1.648  
540  
453  
82  
5  
306  
306  
57  
57  
218  
218  
979  
98  
98  
127  
127  
195  
195  
419  
2  
202  
90  
87  
39  
139  

3.086  
318  
139  
133  
34  
12  
1.577  
116  
1.461  
273  
142  
121  
10  
613  
613  
1  
1  
305  
305  
1.598  
23  
23  
101  
101  
156  
156  
339  
1  
82  
244  
11  

978  

1.173  
457  
0  
234  
223  
0  
712  
642  
70  

4  
4  

25  
0  
0  

0  
0  
23  
10  
10  

3  
2  

7.615  
1.190  
251  
432  
296  
211  
4.108  
929  
3.179  
814  
596  
204  
14  
923  
923  
58  
58  
522  
522  
2.602  
121  
121  
229  
229  
351  
351  
781  
13  
294  
334  
98  
41  
1.120  

210 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Sector 

DG INTPA Budget 

DG NEAR Budget 

Other DGs Budget 

EDF 

Total 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Total 

139  
1.206  
555  
465  
43  
46  
332  
289  
43  
319  
16  
303  
1.064  
449  
449  
615  
615  
316  
3  
3  
313  
313  
93  
15  
15  
63  
63  
15  
15  
185  
172  
172  
13  
13  
7.198  

978  
1.149  
167  
146  

22  
953  
883  
70  
29  
9  
20  
758  
37  
37  
721  
721  
3.328  

3.328  
3.328  
342  
5  
5  
96  
96  
241  
241  
7  
4  
4  
3  
3  
10.270  

2  
-43  
-44  
-44  

1  

1  
549  
33  
33  
516  
516  
730  

730  
730  
2.499  
80  
80  
2.419  
2.419  

881  
876  
876  
4  
4  
5.813  

-1  
-1  
-1  

-0  
-0  

-0  

-0  
-0  

-2  

1.120  
2.310  
677  
566  
43  
68  
1.285  
1.173  
112  
348  
25  
323  
2.371  
519  
519  
1.852  
1.852  
4.374  
3  
3  
4.371  
4.371  
2.934  
100  
100  
2.578  
2.578  
256  
256  
1.073  
1.053  
1.053  
21  
21  
23.279  

211 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 5A 

Committed amount by sector 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

-1.000

Sectoral breakdown

EDF

Other DGs Budget

DG NEAR Budget

DG INTPA Budget

212 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5B: Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

DG INTPA Budget 

DG NEAR Budget 

Other DGs Budget 

EDF 

 Total 

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Economic infrastructure and services 
Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

2.661  
343  
95  
83  
24  
141  
1.276  
121  
1.155  
655  
416  
222  
17  
223  
223  
43  
43  
121  
121  
676  
146  
146  
65  
65  
104  
104  
334  
2  
198  
56  
43  
35  
25  

2.866  
529  
192  
174  
40  
123  
1.166  
61  
1.105  
262  
186  
70  
6  
570  
570  
1  
1  
338  
338  
804  
22  
22  
41  
41  
63  
63  
358  

201  
129  
28  

321  

1.026  
323  
1  
225  
75  
22  
667  
607  
60  
23  
21  
2  
0  
10  
10  

3  
3  
39  
1  
1  
1  
1  
5  
5  
27  
9  
11  
5  

3  
5  

362  
38  
3  
18  
5  
13  
155  
43  
112  
75  
41  
27  
7  
26  
26  
7  
7  
59  
59  
359  
12  
12  
33  
33  
17  
17  
165  

51  
24  
91  

133  

6.915  
1.233  
291  
499  
144  
299  
3.265  
833  
2.432  
1.015  
664  
321  
30  
830  
830  
51  
51  
522  
522  
1.877  
181  
181  
140  
140  
188  
188  
884  
11  
460  
214  
161  
38  
484  

213 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Sector 

DG INTPA Budget 

DG NEAR Budget 

Other DGs Budget 

EDF 

 Total 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

 Total 

25  
532  
375  
295  
18  
61  
96  
0  
92  
3  
61  
3  
58  
627  
271  
271  
356  
356  
181  
18  
18  
163  
163  
51  
2  
2  
48  
48  
1  
1  
220  
182  
182  
39  
39  
4.949  

321  
624  
115  
101  
2  
12  
474  

471  
3  
35  
11  
25  
540  
99  
99  
441  
441  
3.693  

3.693  
3.693  
278  
0  
0  
181  
181  
97  
97  
12  
5  
5  
7  
7  
8.817  

5  
35  
29  
29  

1  

0  
1  
5  

5  
304  
79  
79  
225  
225  
734  
0  
0  
734  
734  
2.387  
685  
685  
1.702  
1.702  
0  
0  
883  
877  
877  
7  
7  
5.407  

133  
266  
175  
150  
17  
8  
51  
0  
50  
1  
40  
3  
37  
266  
54  
54  
212  
212  
19  
1  
1  
18  
18  
18  
2  
2  
16  
16  
0  
0  
4  
1  
1  
3  
3  
1.294  

484  
1.457  
694  
575  
37  
81  
622  
0  
614  
8  
141  
17  
125  
1.737  
503  
503  
1.234  
1.234  
4.627  
19  
19  
4.608  
4.608  
2.734  
689  
689  
1.947  
1.947  
99  
99  
1.120  
1.065  
1.065  
56  
56  
20.467  

214 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 5B 

Disbursed amount by sector 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

Sectoral breakdown

EDF

Other DGs Budget

DG NEAR Budget

DG INTPA Budget

215 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 6A: Country breakdown of European Commission development assistance in 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development Assistance) 

Bilateral 

Africa 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 
Angola 
Benin 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 

LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

7.198  
7.196  
4.454  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3.251  
77  
44  
0  
82  
0  
0  
48  
55  
55  
0  
0  
102  
1  
98  
0  
0  
0  
250  
-7  
40  
54  
118  

10.270  
10.270  
354  
354  
45  
100  
35  
181  
53  
-60  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

5.813  
5.754  
1.234  
46  
0  
2  
26  
0  
19  
-1  
1.125  
0  
0  
0  
6  
0  
0  
4  
13  
12  
0  
0  
12  
0  
529  
0  
0  
0  
7  
3  
0  
0  
3  

-2  
-2  
-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

23.279  
23.218  
6.041  
400  
45  
102  
61  
181  
72  
-61  
4.374  
77  
44  
0  
88  
0  
0  
52  
68  
66  
0  
0  
114  
1  
627  
0  
0  
0  
257  
-4  
40  
54  
122  

216 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Middle Africa, regional 
Mozambique 
Namibia 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
Southern Africa, regional 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

Africa, unspecified 

Africa, regional 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Antigua And Barbuda 
Belize 
Caribbean & Central America, regional 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Grenada 

LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

18  
52  
52  
16  
108  
71  
93  
97  
100  
2  
14  
109  
0  
0  
0  
37  
0  
1  
55  
28  
0  
829  
44  
15  
95  
17  
19  
110  
107  
63  
80  
1.204  
1.204  
434  
175  
0  
0  
0  
19  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
5  
0  
-0  
-0  
0  
0  
28  
5  
0  
111  
0  
0  
-6  
7  
0  
0  
5  
0  
67  
0  
7  
0  
7  
11  
0  
0  
0  
291  
0  
0  
63  
63  
182  
44  
0  
0  
13  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

18  
57  
52  
16  
108  
69  
93  
125  
105  
2  
125  
109  
0  
-6  
7  
37  
0  
6  
55  
95  
0  
835  
45  
22  
106  
17  
19  
110  
398  
63  
80  
1.267  
1.267  
615  
219  
0  
0  
13  
19  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  

217 

 
 
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Nicaragua 
Panama 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 

America (South America) 

Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Suriname 
Venezuela 
America, unspecified 

America, regional 

Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 
Cambodia 
China 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Lao (People's Democratic Republic) 
Malaysia 
Mongolia 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Middle East, regional 
Palestine** 
Syria 

UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 

LDCS 
UMICS 
OTHER_LICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
OTHER_LICS 

17  
40  
46  
16  
0  
30  
0  
0  
0  
106  
0  
6  
5  
28  
10  
0  
28  
12  
17  
0  
0  
152  
152  
1.065  
167  
0  
23  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
64  
-0  
9  
68  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
756  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
697  
0  
0  
167  
256  
4  
234  
36  

0  
31  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
44  
0  
2  
0  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  
23  
0  
18  
94  
94  
1.094  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
752  
0  
47  
0  
36  
260  
253  
27  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

17  
71  
46  
16  
0  
30  
0  
0  
0  
151  
0  
8  
5  
28  
12  
0  
28  
12  
40  
0  
18  
246  
246  
2.915  
167  
0  
23  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
64  
-0  
9  
68  
1.453  
0  
47  
167  
292  
267  
487  
63  

218 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Yemen 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Maldives 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South & Central Asia, regional 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 

Asia, unspecified 

Asia, regional 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo* 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Türkiye 
Ukraine 

Fiji 
Kiribati 
Marshall Islands 
Melanesia, regional 
Micronesia, Fed. States 

Oceania 

Oceania 

LDCS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

0  
692  
194  
13  
0  
90  
0  
73  
0  
18  
11  
22  
7  
90  
58  
46  
0  
31  
22  
0  
4  
13  
203  
203  
5  
5  
0  
0  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
79  
79  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
59  
0  
45  
14  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7.878  
7.878  
82  
30  
72  
1.428  
2  
89  
39  
82  
128  
0  
1.047  
4.879  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

129  
336  
2  
19  
0  
2  
0  
0  
24  
0  
0  
-0  
0  
6  
0  
0  
282  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
6  
6  
1.462  
1.462  
12  
0  
4  
412  
32  
-4  
13  
13  
89  
0  
109  
782  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

129  
1.086  
196  
77  
14  
92  
0  
73  
24  
18  
11  
22  
7  
96  
58  
46  
282  
31  
22  
3  
4  
13  
209  
209  
9.346  
9.346  
94  
30  
76  
1.845  
34  
85  
52  
95  
218  
0  
1.156  
5.661  
79  
79  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

219 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Oceania, regional 
Palau 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Multilateral (inflows) 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

World Customs Organization Customs Co-operation Fund 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
UN 
UNFCCC 
WHO-Assessed 

Regional Development Bank 

Regional Development Bank 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 

Bilateral 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Aruba 
Barbados 
Curaçao 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
Trinidad And Tobago 

America (South America) 
Chile 
Uruguay 

Asia 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Israel 
Saudi Arabia 
United Arab Emirates 

Europe 

UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

37  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
1  
19  
17  
1.159  
1.159  
1.159  
2  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
42  
42  
9  
9  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1.282  
1.282  
1.282  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
10  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
10  
10  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1.782  
1.782  
1.782  
58  
1  
1  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
1  
0  
57  
57  
57  
32  
32  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
9  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

37  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
1  
19  
17  
4.223  
4.223  
4.223  
61  
1  
1  
1  
3  
3  
2  
0  
1  
0  
57  
57  
57  
84  
84  
9  
9  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
10  
10  
0  
0  
39  

220 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Europe 

Greenland 
Russia 

Oceania 

Oceania 

French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

Part III: ODA Countries Non-ODA Eligible Flows 
Part IV: Other flows in non-ODA countries 
TOTAL COMMITTED AMOUNT 

MADCTS 
CEECS/NIS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 

30  
30  
0  
1  
1  
0  
1  
0  
2  
2  
2  
61  
13  
7.315  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
28  
0  
10.308  

9  
0  
9  
-0  
-0  
0  
0  
-0  
23  
23  
23  
143  
9  
5.997  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-2  

39  
30  
9  
1  
1  
0  
1  
-0  
24  
24  
24  
233  
22  
23.618  

(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
(**) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue.

221 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 6B: Country breakdown of European Commission development assistance in 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development Assistance) 
   Bilateral 

   Africa 

   Africa (North of Sahara) 

   Algeria 

Egypt 
Libya 
   Morocco 
   North of Sahara, regional 

Tunisia 

   Africa (South of Sahara) 

   Angola 
Benin 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 

   Democratic Republic of the Congo 
   Djibouti 

Eastern Africa, regional 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 

   Gabon 

LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 

4.949  
4.924  
2.144  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1.622  
16  
49  
4  
17  
30  
8  
34  
35  
36  
6  
10  
72  
16  
29  
1  
3  
2  
52  
0  

8.817  
8.808  
781  
781  
25  
90  
41  
270  
35  
319  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

5.407  
5.402  
1.214  
74  
10  
15  
39  
0  
3  
6  
1.091  
3  
5  
0  
37  
0  
0  
28  
30  
68  
0  
0  
94  
0  
125  
0  
0  
0  
77  
2  

1.294  
1.294  
1.081  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1.006  
29  
19  
3  
4  
16  
6  
7  
9  
26  
3  
5  
68  
9  
27  
0  
90  
5  
23  
0  

20.467  
20.428  
5.220  
855  
35  
105  
81  
270  
39  
325  
3.719  
48  
73  
7  
59  
46  
14  
69  
74  
130  
9  
15  
234  
26  
181  
1  
93  
6  
152  
3  

222 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

   Gambia 
   Ghana 
   Guinea 
   Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
   Madagascar 
   Malawi 
   Mali 
   Mauritania 
   Mauritius 
   Middle Africa, regional 
   Mozambique 
   Namibia 
   Niger 
   Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
Southern Africa, regional 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
   Uganda 
   Western Africa, regional 

Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

   Africa, unspecified 
   Africa, regional 

   America 

   America (North & Central America) 

   Antigua And Barbuda 

Belize 
Caribbean & Central America, regional 
Caribbean, regional 

Income Group 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

16  
24  
29  
4  
58  
38  
7  
4  
12  
51  
33  
54  
3  
18  
61  
7  
26  
79  
61  
2  
25  
15  
88  
35  
95  
46  
11  
50  
52  
32  
37  
31  
79  
17  
522  
522  
390  
166  
0  
4  
1  
10  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
1  
2  
0  
6  
14  
0  
1  
10  
8  
58  
11  
0  
2  
28  
0  
25  
39  
1  
0  
7  
3  
110  
0  
68  
64  
5  
90  
0  
2  
27  
24  
6  
10  
49  
49  
177  
50  
0  
0  
0  
1  

8  
17  
22  
3  
6  
32  
8  
14  
59  
41  
21  
12  
4  
2  
82  
6  
3  
15  
7  
2  
21  
21  
6  
0  
87  
0  
0  
0  
34  
14  
18  
23  
62  
7  
75  
75  
73  
69  
0  
1  
0  
28  

25  
42  
53  
7  
70  
84  
15  
20  
81  
100  
112  
76  
7  
22  
171  
13  
54  
133  
69  
4  
53  
39  
203  
35  
250  
110  
16  
140  
85  
47  
82  
78  
147  
34  
646  
646  
640  
284  
0  
5  
1  
39  

223 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Central America, regional 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 

   Dominican Republic 

El Salvador 

   Grenada 
   Guatemala 
   Haiti 
   Honduras 
Jamaica 
   Mexico 
   Nicaragua 
Panama 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 

   America (South America) 

   Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
   Guyana 

Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Suriname 
Venezuela 
   America, unspecified 
   America, regional 

   Asia 

   Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 
China 

   Democratic People's Republic of Korea 

Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Lao (People's Democratic Republic) 

   Malaysia 
   Mongolia 

Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 

Income Group 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 

LDCS 
UMICS 
OTHER_LICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

15  
7  
27  
5  
14  
0  
41  
4  
23  
3  
5  
7  
0  
0  
0  
178  
5  
38  
7  
35  
13  
7  
9  
9  
49  
1  
5  
47  
47  
1.241  
190  
45  
9  
0  
3  
16  
23  
4  
16  
28  
5  
5  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
889  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

19  
0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
1  
22  
0  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
100  
1  
1  
1  
12  
13  
0  
0  
1  
35  
0  
35  
28  
28  
1.059  
16  
0  
4  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
0  
5  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
24  
0  
9  
0  
0  
0  
2  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
4  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  

34  
7  
28  
10  
14  
0  
42  
51  
23  
12  
9  
7  
0  
2  
0  
281  
6  
39  
8  
48  
26  
7  
9  
10  
83  
5  
40  
75  
75  
3.193  
209  
45  
13  
0  
9  
16  
23  
4  
17  
33  
6  
9  

224 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Viet Nam 
   Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 

   Middle East, regional 

Palestine** 
Syria 
Yemen 

   Asia (South & Central Asia) 

   Afghanistan 
   Armenia 
   Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 

   Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 

   Maldives 
   Myanmar 
   Nepal 

Pakistan 
South & Central Asia, regional 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 

   Uzbekistan 
   Asia, unspecified 
   Asia, regional 

Europe 

Europe 
   Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo* 
   Moldova 
   Montenegro 

Income Group 
LMICS 

LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
OTHER_LICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

36  
120  
13  
59  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
47  
637  
120  
4  
0  
166  
4  
53  
1  
10  
5  
16  
1  
50  
29  
66  
4  
5  
20  
60  
3  
22  
294  
294  
69  
69  
0  
0  
0  
62  
0  
1  
0  

0  
744  
0  
0  
77  
169  
1  
420  
77  
0  
145  
0  
69  
15  
0  
0  
0  
61  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
6.383  
6.383  
72  
19  
98  
676  
31  
95  
27  

0  
688  
11  
73  
18  
61  
5  
223  
180  
117  
327  
159  
25  
2  
49  
0  
6  
24  
2  
0  
0  
0  
36  
4  
16  
0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
29  
29  
1.218  
1.218  
3  
0  
7  
144  
33  
61  
14  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

36  
1.552  
24  
131  
95  
230  
8  
643  
256  
164  
1.109  
279  
98  
17  
215  
4  
59  
85  
12  
5  
16  
1  
86  
33  
81  
5  
6  
20  
60  
3  
22  
323  
323  
7.670  
7.670  
75  
20  
104  
881  
64  
156  
41  

225 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

   North Macedonia 

Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Türkiye 
   Ukraine 

   Oceania 

   Oceania 

Fiji 
Kiribati 

   Marshall Islands 
   Melanesia, regional 
   Micronesia, Fed. States 
   Oceania, regional 

Palau 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 

   Wallis & Futuna 

   Developing countries 

   Developing countries, unspecified 

   Developing countries, unspecified 

   Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

   Multilateral (inflows) 

   Other multilateral institution 

   Other multilateral institution 

   World Customs Organization Customs Co-operation Fund 

   United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

   United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
   UN 
   UNFCCC 
   WHO-Assessed 

Triangular co-operation 
   Africa 

   Africa (South of Sahara) 

Senegal 

Income Group 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 

LDCS 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

0  
1  
0  
0  
5  
37  
37  
1  
1  
3  
1  
0  
8  
0  
14  
3  
3  
1  
1  
0  
0  
1.041  
1.041  
1.041  
4  
4  
4  
4  
3  
0  
0  
0  
3  
3  
0  
0  
0  
2  
18  
2  
2  
2  

45  
154  
2  
1.047  
4.117  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
755  
755  
755  
9  
9  
9  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

29  
41  
0  
137  
751  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1.733  
1.733  
1.733  
3  
3  
3  
3  
2  
1  
1  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
49  
49  
1  
2  
0  
0  
2  
26  
0  
13  
0  
2  
0  
0  
2  
0  
88  
88  
88  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

74  
196  
2  
1.184  
4.873  
87  
87  
1  
4  
4  
1  
2  
34  
0  
27  
3  
5  
1  
1  
3  
0  
3.618  
3.618  
3.618  
16  
16  
16  
16  
5  
1  
1  
1  
3  
3  
0  
0  
1  
2  
18  
2  
2  
2  

226 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

   America 

   America (South America) 

South America, regional 

   America, unspecified 
   America, regional 

   Asia 

   Asia (Far East Asia) 

Far East Asia, regional 

   Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Central Asia, regional 

   Oceania 

   Oceania 

   Oceania, regional 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 
   Bilateral 

   Africa 

   Africa (South of Sahara) 
Seychelles 

   America 

   America (North & Central America) 

   Aruba 

Barbados 
Curaçao 

   Netherlands Antilles 

Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
Trinidad And Tobago 
   America (South America) 

Chile 
   Uruguay 

   Asia 

   Asia (Far East Asia) 
Brunei 

   Hong Kong, China 

Korea 
Singapore 
Taiwan 

   Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 
Saudi Arabia 

   United Arab Emirates 

Europe 

UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

12  
3  
3  
9  
9  
4  
3  
3  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
60  
60  
0  
0  
0  
12  
9  
1  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  
1  
3  
2  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
9  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
4  
0  
0  
4  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
42  
42  
1  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  
0  
7  
2  
0  
1  
1  
0  
1  
4  
1  
1  
2  
4  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
20  
20  
2  
2  
2  
18  
18  
0  
2  
0  
13  
0  
1  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

12  
3  
3  
9  
9  
4  
3  
3  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
131  
131  
3  
3  
3  
30  
27  
1  
2  
0  
13  
7  
1  
4  
3  
2  
1  
11  
2  
0  
1  
1  
0  
1  
9  
6  
1  
2  
39  

227 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

Other DGs 

EDF 

Total 

Europe 
   Greenland 
Russia 

   Oceania 

   Oceania 

French Polynesia 

   New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

   Other 

   Other 

   MADCT Unallocated 
Part III: ODA Countries Non-ODA Eligible Flows 
Part IV: Other flows in non-ODA countries 
TOTAL DISBURSED AMOUNT 

MADCTS 
CEECS/NIS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 

30  
30  
0  
12  
12  
6  
6  
0  
5  
5  
5  
35  
3  
5.047  

4  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
57  
2  
8.885  

4  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  
30  
30  
274  
21  
5.744  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
91  
0  
1.405  

39  
30  
8  
12  
12  
6  
6  
0  
35  
35  
35  
457  
26  
21.081  

(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
(**) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

228 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Commitments  
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 7: Distribution of ODA by OECD Sector and Country Grouping in 2024 

Commitments (in EUR million) 

Income Group 

ODA Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

LDC + OLIC + LMIC + UMIC 
Least Developed Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries and 
Territories 
Other Low Income Countries 
Upper Middle Income Countries and 
Territories 
Other 
Total Commitments 

- 
2,34 

2,32 
1,26 

1,12 
- 
- 

4.330  
1.316  

1.092  

37  

1.885  

3.284  
7.615  

1.192  
354  

630  

208  
1.410  
2.602  

1.162  
399  

701  

63  
1.148  
2.310  

800  
176  

204  
7  

413  
1.572  
2.371  

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 
4.143  
263  

3.855  

25  
231  
4.374  

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

959  
211  

606  
18  

124  
1.975  
2.934  

-  
- 

- 
- 

- 
1.073  
1.073  

Disbursements (in EUR million) 

Income Group 

Income Group 
Commitments 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

LDC + OLIC + LMIC + UMIC 
Least Developed Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries and 
Territories 
Other Low Income Countries 
Upper Middle Income Countries and 
Territories 
Other 
Total Disbursements 

- 
3,06 

2,35 
5,12 

1,25 
- 

4.736  
1.380  

1.292  

37  

2.027  

2.179  
6.915  

903  
360  

416  
 - 

127  
974  
1.877  

901  
273  

469  
0  

158  
556  
1.457  

919  
342  

212  
53  

312  
817  
1.737  

Budget 
support, food 
aid, food 
security 
4.333  
176  

4.069  
0  

87  
294  
4.627  

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

2.225  
1.021  

727  
165  

312  
509  
2.734  

15  
5  

3  
1  

7  
1.105  
1.120  

12.586  
2.718  

7.088  
63  

2.717  
10.693  
23.279  

Total 

14.032  
3.557  

7.190  
256  

3.029  
6.435  
20.467  

229 

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
Commitments (in EUR million) 

Region 

Africa 
America 
Asia 
Europe 
Oceania 
Developing countries, unspecified 
Total 

Disbursements (in EUR million) 

Region 

Africa 
America 
Asia 
Europe 
Oceania 
Developing countries, unspecified 
Total 

ODA Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

4  
1  
0,62 
15,8 
1,74 
0 
- 

2.519  
202  
1.267  
2.052  
21  
1.553  
7.615  

591  
65  
211  
1.327  
15  
392  
2.602  

975  
69  
119  
726  
29  
392  
2.310  

672  
113  
205  
909  
14  
458  
2.371  

ODA Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

3,53 
0,62 
0,69 
12,98 
1,92 
0 
- 

2.121 
260 
1.639 
1.959 
25 
911 
6.915 

575 
60 
147 
639 
2 
454 
1.877 

515 
71 
168 
383 
20 
299 
1.457 

593 
111 
191 
407 
36 
398 
1.737 

Budget 
support, food 
aid, food 
security 

266  
 - 
25  
3.930  
-  
153  
4.374  

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

431 
6 
28 
3.876 
4 
282 
4.627 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

1.018  
165  
1.088  
400  
- 
262  
2.934  

 - 
 - 
 - 
-0  
- 
1.073  
1.073  

6.041  
615  
2.915  
9.346  
79  
4.283  
23.279  

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

980 
137 
1.019 
394 
0 
204 
2.734 

12 
7 
6 
18 
-  
1.078 
1.120 

5.226 
653 
3.199 
7.677 
87 
3.625 
20.467 

230 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 7 

Committed amounts to OECD sector by Country income group 
(EUR million)

Disbursed amounts to OECD sector by Country income group 
(EUR million)

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

Other/ Unallocated

Humanitarian aid

Budget support, food aid,
food security

Multisector/ Crosscutting

Production

Economic infrastructures
and services

Social infrastructures

1.000

0

Other/ Unallocated

Humanitarian aid

Budget support, food aid,
food security

Multisector/ Crosscutting

Production

Economic infrastructures
and services

Social infrastructures

231 

 
 
   
 
 
Committed amounts to OECD sector by Region (EUR million)

Disbursed amounts to OECD sector by Region (EUR million)

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

-2.000

9.000

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

Other/ Unallocated

Humanitarian aid

Budget support, food aid,
food security

Multisector/ Crosscutting

Production

Economic infrastructures
and services

Social infrastructures

2.000

1.000

0

Other/ Unallocated

Humanitarian aid

Budget support, food aid,
food security

Multisector/ Crosscutting

Production

Economic infrastructures
and services

Social infrastructures

232 

 
 
   
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 8A: ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Income Group 

Country 

Commitments 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Least Developed 
Countries 

Afghanistan 
Angola 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Burkina Faso 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Haiti 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Niger 
Rwanda 

4,72 
2,08 
0,53 
3,15 
3,81 
13,16 
3,43 
1,08 
0,43 
2 
14,83 
8,45 
8,36 
6,06 
6,92 
19,66 
2,22 
4,41 
5,26 
20,91 
3,25 
1,78 
1,95 
-0,22 
2,65 

166  
50  
57  
9  
50  
68  
33  
12  
1  
133  
22  
101  
17  
26  
6  
18  
25  
8  
73  
2  
29  
72  
27  
-6  
15  

4  

15  
18  

25  
40  

52  

11  

10  

11  
30  
5  

42  
10  
27  

29  
4  

20  

54  

45  
14  
10  

14  

20  
14  

35  

24  

3  

1  

18  

9  

28  
4  

1  
10  

7  
20  

12  

12  
13  
1  

21  

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

20  

63  

55  

100  

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

35  

9  

21  

3  
3  
1  

196  
77  
92  
44  
88  
68  
66  
114  
1  
257  
40  
122  
18  
71  
16  
108  
69  
93  
125  
105  
109  
96  
58  
-6  
37  

233 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income Group 

Country 

Commitments 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Yemen 
Zambia 
South Sudan 

Least Developed Countries Total 

Lower Middle Income 
Countries and Territories 

Algeria 
Belize 
Bolivia 
Cameroon 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Ghana 
Honduras 
India 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Morocco 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Palestine** 
Papua New Guinea 
Philippines 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Vanuatu 
Viet Nam 
Zimbabwe 

0,34 
6,46 
5,17 
2,12 
0,26 
6,5 
2,04 
69,49 
2,26 
3,29 
3,06 
3,9 

0,98 
0,49 
0,61 
1,82 
0,89 
1,17 
1,59 
4,35 
0,01 
1,81 
0,94 
3,14 
4,8 
4,39 
0,03 
0,18 
90,07 
0,51 
0,56 
0,96 
0,25 
150,03 
0,35 
58,75 
0,68 
4,9 

6  
19  
74  
94  
14  
9  
4  
0  
52  
3  
29  

1.316  
22  
0  
8  
26  
65  
7  
24  
18  
3  
6  
34  
22  
99  
30  
7  
23  
159  
4  
47  
8  
3  
403  
5  
8  
40  
23  

0  
19  

1  

32  

1  

354  
18  

0  

8  
1  
9  

21  

3  
0  
0  
6  
1  
0  
549  

1  
13  

25  
2  

2  

0  
21  

33  
30  
399  

0  

8  

7  

48  

-0  
9  

0  

8  
0  
584  
0  
4  
14  
18  

10  

0  

15  

263  

50  

13  

12  

127  

0  
211  

3  

0  

-0  

4  
328  

6  

3.852  

266  

0  

0  
6  

14  
176  
5  
0  

26  
27  

30  
21  
8  
0  
9  

-0  

7  

1  
6  
5  

8  
7  
8  
13  
26  

6  
55  
95  
106  
17  
9  
19  
1  
110  
129  
63  
45  
2.718  
45  
0  
8  
52  
102  
7  
54  
46  
18  
57  
52  
22  
181  
30  
7  
46  
487  
5  
64  
22  
3  
5.661  
13  
19  
68  
80  

234 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income Group 

Country 

Commitments 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

Tunisia 

Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories Total 

Other Low Income 
Countries 

Syria 

Other Low Income Countries Total 

Upper Middle Income 
Countries and Territories 

Albania 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
China 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Gabon 
Georgia 
Guatemala 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kosovo* 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Maldives 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Serbia 
Thailand 
Türkiye 
Wallis & Futuna 
Mauritius 
Brazil 
Kazakhstan 
Turkmenistan 
Venezuela 

-5,01 

2,67 

33,41 
26,11 
1,31 
3,29 
23,91 
0,02 
0,54 
0,68 
-1,69 
6,27 
0,92 
1,04 
5,63 
14,61 
19,62 
50,56 
8,36 
13,12 
27,56 
81,55 
52,07 
4,09 
0,35 
32,16 
0 
13,24 
1581,82 
1,94 
0,02 
0,54 
0,54 
0,64 

1.092  

630  

701  

-1  
204  

-60  
3.855  

37  
37  
46  
19  
10  
24  
30  
7  
19  
5  
-2  
24  
7  
24  
10  
122  
34  
247  
39  
0  
45  
29  
56  
17  
8  
67  
-0  
992  
7  

25  

7  
13  
3  

16  

2  

-2  

2  

41  

5  
8  

30  
4  
20  

45  

12  

2  

6  

6  
4  

5  

5  

20  
-6  
-2  
7  

2  
-0  
-1  
10  

5  

7  
7  
34  
20  

6  
4  
12  
8  

8  

6  
4  

14  
7  
-11  
25  
21  
4  
4  
104  

126  

1  

11  
4  

606  

18  
18  

20  

2  

23  

35  
0  

26  

Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories Total 

Other 

Developing Countries Unallocated 

0 

1.885  
3.284  

208  
1.410  

63  
1.148  

413  
1.572  

25  
231  

18  
124  
1.975  

1.073  

-61  
7.088  

63  
63  
94  
77  
14  
30  
76  
23  
28  
12  
-4  
24  
17  
47  
16  
167  
34  
292  
61  
7  
85  
52  
95  
28  
12  
218  
-0  
1.156  
17  
2  
5  
11  
4  
18  
2.717  
10.693  

235 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income Group 

Country 

Commitments 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

Other Total 
 TOTAL 

3.284  
7.615  

1.410  
2.602  

1.148  
2.310  

1.572  
2.371  

231  
4.374  

1.975  
2.934  

1.073  
1.073  

10.693  
23.279  

(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
(**) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

236 

 
 
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 8B: ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Income Group 

Country 

Disbursements 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

Least Developed 
Countries 

Afghanistan 
Angola 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Haiti 
Kiribati 
Lao (People's Democratic Republic) 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mozambique 

6,74 
1,31 
1,25 
5,16 
2,55 
3,38 
2,56 
14,33 
6,85 
11,11 
2,21 
22,13 
26,69 
1,18 
9,22 
3,71 
3,42 
4,36 
26,51 
3,01 
6,69 
3,56 
2,59 
4,73 
4,73 
15,08 
5,08 

105  
24  
139  
21  
18  
32  
18  
42  
38  
5  
74  
25  
2  
34  
3  
33  
5  
9  

15  
13  
3  
24  
42  
60  
39  
70  

5  
9  
0  
25  
2  
12  
2  
1  
4  
2  
44  
0  
0  
4  
6  
17  
0  
3  

1  
2  
11  
21  
18  
6  
1  
23  

11  
13  
3  
7  
5  
1  
20  

5  
2  
13  
0  
1  
27  
3  
2  
2  
6  

6  

3  
19  
11  
10  
0  
6  

7  
0  
2  
1  
2  
1  
5  
6  
19  
1  
11  

90  
9  
1  
1  
1  
8  

1  

2  
7  
0  
10  
3  
54  

13  
19  
0  

0  
6  
1  

0  

11  
0  

5  
4  

20  

23  
0  

150  
1  
58  
0  
32  
0  

19  
66  
0  
91  
0  

78  

0  

20  

0  
0  

10  
8  
26  
9  
17  

279  
48  
215  
73  
59  
46  
45  
74  
132  
9  
234  
26  
93  
152  
25  
53  
7  
51  
4  
23  
15  
20  
81  
100  
112  
76  
171  

237 

0  
0  

0  
1  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

1  

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income Group 

Country 

Disbursements 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

Myanmar 
Nepal 
Niger 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Yemen 
Zambia 

Least Developed Countries Total 

Algeria 
Belize 
Bhutan 
Bolivia 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Congo 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Eswatini 
Ghana 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Iran 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Micronesia, Fed. States 
Mongolia 

1,59 
1,09 
2,07 
4,92 
19,26 
3,11 
4,64 
5,63 
11,06 
9,6 
2,8 
1,28 
6,4 
5,1 
119,85 
1,68 
4,17 
7,07 

0,76 
11,81 
5,02 
3,16 
27,01 
2,44 
2,47 
0,92 
2,25 
5,21 
1,24 
2,15 
0,01 
0,06 
0,26 
2,24 
1,52 
2,39 
19,83 
4,82 

38  
22  
6  
38  
4  
29  
18  
3  
108  
39  
32  
34  
6  
14  
0  
21  
31  
45  
1.380  
16  
2  
0  
20  
1  
15  
6  
60  
12  
2  
20  
13  
3  
3  
8  
20  
37  
14  
1  
9  

4  
2  
1  
1  

19  
5  

10  

25  

6  

15  
3  
52  
360  
0  
1  

0  
5  
2  
1  
4  
2  
1  
6  
1  
5  
5  
3  
27  
21  
2  

1  

1  
2  
3  
13  
0  
4  
5  
0  
6  
5  
8  
12  
1  
4  
0  
17  
0  
15  
273  
6  

2  
6  

9  
3  
15  
0  
3  
9  
5  
1  
3  

10  
7  
1  

6  

3  

3  
11  
0  
9  

0  
0  

20  

0  
29  
176  

7  

6  

8  
2  
11  
10  
1  
1  
1  
2  
7  
2  
17  
13  
2  
4  
1  
2  
15  
1  
342  
3  
2  
2  
11  
1  
17  
5  
15  
0  
0  
7  
3  
2  
3  
1  
5  
6  
0  
1  
0  

36  
4  
30  
6  

63  
65  
83  

0  

27  
116  
6  
1.021  
10  

1  

25  
0  
11  

0  
1  
2  
11  
2  
14  

0  

Lower Middle Income 
Countries and 
Territories 

0  
0  

0  

1  

0  

5  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  

86  
33  
54  
69  
4  
56  
39  
5  
203  
110  
140  
85  
9  
47  
1  
82  
164  
147  
3.557  
35  
5  
4  
39  
14  
69  
15  
105  
14  
6  
42  
23  
12  
16  
24  
70  
84  
17  
2  
17  

238 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income Group 

Country 

Disbursements 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Morocco 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Palestine** 
Papua New Guinea 
Philippines 
Samoa 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Tunisia 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Vanuatu 
Viet Nam 
Zimbabwe 

Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories Total 

Other Low Income 
Countries 

Democratic People's Republic of 
Korea 
Syria 

Other Low Income Countries Total 

Upper Middle Income 
Countries and 
Territories 

Albania 
Antigua And Barbuda 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Botswana 
Brazil 
China 
Colombia 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Equatorial Guinea 
Fiji 
Gabon 

7,17 
1,05 
0,58 
0,33 
119 
2,63 
0,29 
15,23 
0,88 
5,77 
26,64 
129,25 
0,62 
9,12 
0,36 
2,05 

0 
10,86 

26,58 
0,3 
0,14 
33,46 
1,67 
2,17 
32,8 
2,78 
0,04 
0,01 
0,91 
1,54 
2,5 
0,92 
1,45 
0,46 
1,36 
1,14 

129  
5  
68  
26  
341  
8  
13  
3  
8  
39  
135  
224  
6  
1  
7  
16  
1.292  

37  
37  
55  
0  
5  
60  
11  
15  
82  
2  
5  
3  
17  
2  
7  
8  
12  
1  
1  
3  

10  
0  
19  
8  
3  
1  
4  

2  
16  
5  
242  
0  

18  
1  
416  

2  

0  
9  
1  
3  
9  
0  
0  
4  
3  
3  
5  
1  
1  

22  
1  
5  
23  
9  
5  
12  

4  
2  
14  
263  
11  
2  
3  
6  
469  

0  
0  
4  

0  
5  
2  

8  
1  
1  
1  
7  
0  
12  
0  
4  

0  
0  

8  
1  
2  
7  
2  
13  
1  
0  
7  
2  
15  
55  
5  
0  
7  
1  
212  

53  
53  
6  

1  
4  
2  
2  
2  
4  
0  
4  
11  
2  
4  
1  
4  

0  
0  

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

101  
0  
2  

155  
3.799  

4.069  

0  

0  
8  

15  

0  

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

0  
0  
37  
17  
287  
0  
5  

0  

0  
293  
0  
0  

10  
727  

165  
165  

0  
1  
5  
1  

2  

1  

9  

1  
1  
5  

0  

1  

1  

0  
0  
3  

1  
1  
0  

1  

270  
7  
133  
81  
644  
27  
33  
3  
20  
60  
325  
4.877  
22  
3  
36  
34  
7.190  

0  
256  
256  
75  
0  
6  
98  
17  
20  
104  
7  
8  
13  
48  
8  
28  
10  
26  
1  
1  
3  

239 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income Group 

Country 

Disbursements 
Per Capita 

Social 
infrastructures 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Production 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Budget 
support, 
food aid, 
food 
security 

Humanitarian 
aid 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Total 

Georgia 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Guyana 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kosovo* 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Malaysia 
Maldives 
Marshall Islands 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
Namibia 
North Macedonia 
Palau 
Panama 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Serbia 
South Africa 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 
Suriname 
Thailand 
Tonga 
Türkiye 
Turkmenistan 
Venezuela 
Wallis & Futuna 

Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories Total 

Other 

Developing Countries Unallocated 

Other Total 
Total 

22,44 
2,57 
2,31 
8,81 
2,92 
4,29 
8,33 
0,24 
36,36 
39,86 
11,22 
0,13 
2,11 
90,75 
5,51 
0,07 
51,39 
64,85 
4,47 
40,27 
4,71 
0,04 
1,28 
0,31 
28,98 
0,55 
8,46 
0,9 
8,26 
0,08 
13,46 
13,56 
0,42 
1,41 
10,52 

0 

52  
0  
23  
1  
89  
8  
66  
4  
57  
116  
61  
3  
1  

2  
5  
46  
15  
6  
27  

0  
6  
8  
93  
20  
1  
0  
2  
3  
1  
1.015  
0  
5  
0  
2.027  
2.179  
2.179  
6.915  

11  

6  

6  
3  
5  

2  
2  
2  

0  
1  

13  
4  
2  
5  

0  
15  
1  

0  
4  
3  

6  

8  
2  
3  
0  
2  
0  
2  
5  

1  

3  
0  
6  
11  
5  
13  

2  
0  
20  
12  
0  
0  
3  
1  

8  

0  

16  
0  
3  
5  
0  
1  
7  
0  
1  
3  
2  
1  

3  
1  
1  
13  
11  
0  
28  
0  

1  
1  
64  
2  

0  
1  

99  
0  
1  

1  

63  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  

31  

16  
0  
0  
104  
17  

3  
18  

1  
5  

0  

1  

56  

34  

0  

0  

2  
0  

1  
0  

0  

0  

1  

0  

0  
127  
974  
974  
1.877  

158  
556  
556  
1.457  

312  
817  
817  
1.737  

87  
294  
294  
4.627  

312  
509  
509  
2.734  

7  
1.105  
1.105  
1.120  

85  
0  
42  
7  
131  
12  
95  
5  
64  
230  
82  
4  
1  
4  
7  
9  
158  
41  
13  
74  
0  
0  
9  
10  
196  
35  
2  
0  
5  
6  
1  
1.184  
3  
40  
0  
3.029  
6.435  
6.435  
20.467  

240 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
(**) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

241 

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 9A: INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Total 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Economic infrastructure and services 
Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 

5  

3  

3  

2  
2  

2.008  
269  
66  
41  
31  
130  
1.153  
107  
1.046  
285  
206  
79  

130  
130  
47  
47  
124  
124  
545  
25  
25  
80  
80  
154  
154  
214  
140  
16  

186  
32  
3  
9  

20  
86  
27  
59  
9  
6  
3  

22  
22  

37  
37  
65  
9  
9  
10  
10  
3  
3  
23  
22  

566  
94  
33  
13  
3  
46  
272  
39  
233  
52  
48  

5  
118  
118  
3  
3  
26  
26  
159  

20  
20  
10  
10  
79  
1  
41  

21  
4  

4  
11  

11  

2  
2  

4  
4  
15  

15  
5  
8  

569  
16  
9  
2  
5  

294  
-1  
295  
193  
193  

31  
31  
7  
7  
27  
27  
195  
64  
64  
16  
16  
27  
27  
87  
35  
27  

3.355  
416  
111  
65  
40  
200  
1.819  
172  
1.648  
540  
453  
82  
5  
306  
306  
57  
57  
218  
218  
979  
98  
98  
127  
127  
195  
195  
419  
202  
90  

242 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Total 

Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 
Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

 Total 

59  

71  
71  
919  
390  
349  
19  
21  
250  
218  
33  
279  
5  
274  
627  
202  
202  
425  
425  
313  
0  
0  
313  
313  
40  
-0  
-0  
25  
25  
15  
15  

-0  
2  

19  
19  
69  
31  
22  

9  
34  
27  
7  
4  

4  
113  
52  
52  
61  
61  

25  

13  
50  
50  
114  
57  
43  
1  
13  
48  
45  
3  
9  

9  
174  
69  
69  
105  
105  

52  
15  
15  
38  
38  

4.452  

434  

1.065  

-0  
-0  
-0  

5  

3  

29  
18  
4  
14  
0  

10  
10  

14  
6  
6  
8  
8  

79  

26  

73  
57  
46  
9  
3  
-1  
-1  

17  

17  
136  
121  
121  
15  
15  
3  
3  
3  

185  
14  
14  
172  
172  
1.161  

87  
2  
39  
139  
139  
1.204  
553  
464  
43  
46  
332  
289  
43  
319  
16  
303  
1.064  
449  
449  
615  
615  
316  
3  
3  
313  
313  
93  
15  
15  
63  
63  
15  
15  
185  
13  
13  
172  
172  
7.196  

243 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
244 

 
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 9B: INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Total 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Economic infrastructure and services 
Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 

1.443  
195  
77  
63  
13  
42  
848  
132  
716  
177  
132  
45  
1  
81  
81  
32  
32  
110  
110  
554  
15  
15  
54  
54  
52  
52  
286  
0  
112  

223  
22  
0  
10  
0  
12  
118  
12  
106  
20  
14  
2  
4  
32  
32  
3  
3  
28  
28  
60  
6  
6  
13  
13  
25  
25  
10  
2  
2  

871  
144  
20  
25  
4  
95  
337  
19  
318  
269  
72  
185  
12  
91  
91  
3  
3  
26  
26  
117  
14  
14  
21  
21  
4  
4  
75  
0  
32  

40  
1  

0  
0  

36  

36  

3  
3  

10  

1  
1  

9  

25  
0  

0  

18  
1  
17  
1  
1  
0  

5  
5  
2  
0  
0  

1  
1  
1  

1  

421  
18  
1  
1  
10  
6  
74  
1  
74  
263  
239  
17  
7  
43  
43  
12  
12  
11  
11  
291  
123  
123  
10  
10  
39  
39  
119  

102  

3.023  
381  
98  
100  
29  
154  
1.432  
164  
1.267  
730  
458  
249  
24  
250  
250  
50  
50  
180  
180  
1.035  
158  
158  
99  
99  
121  
121  
499  
2  
249  

245 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Total 

Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

 Total 

45  
125  
4  
148  
148  
458  
308  
271  
12  
26  
87  
0  
83  
3  
63  
4  
59  
539  
133  
133  
407  
407  
175  
4  
4  
172  
172  
50  
2  
2  
48  
48  

10  
0  
0  
10  
10  
3.229  

4  
2  

4  
4  
71  
42  
30  
0  
12  
17  

17  
0  
12  

12  
107  
64  
64  
43  
43  
6  
0  
0  
5  
5  
3  

3  
3  
1  
1  
6  

6  
6  
476  

27  
6  
10  
4  
4  
139  
86  
60  
14  
12  
35  

35  
0  
18  
2  
16  
92  
26  
26  
66  
66  
13  
13  
13  
0  
0  
15  
2  
2  
13  
13  
1  
1  
3  

3  
3  
1.250  

0  

9  
1  
1  
1  
1  
0  

0  

0  

0  
5  

5  
5  

13  

13  
13  
69  

0  

0  
0  
20  
11  
3  
4  
5  
1  

1  

8  

8  
36  
22  
22  
13  
13  
4  

4  
4  

87  

4  
0  
13  
1  
1  
109  
102  
81  
6  
15  
7  

6  
1  
1  

1  
115  
81  
81  
34  
34  
2  
2  
2  

193  
183  
183  
10  
10  
1.132  

80  
133  
35  
158  
158  
798  
550  
445  
35  
70  
147  
0  
142  
4  
101  
6  
95  
893  
325  
325  
568  
568  
200  
19  
19  
181  
181  
69  
4  
4  
64  
64  
1  
1  
225  
183  
183  
41  
41  
6.243  

246 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
247 

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

No 

Yes 

No 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 10A: Budget Non-INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Total 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Basic education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Economic infrastructure and services 
Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Energy 

Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 

16  

16  
16  
0  

511  
44  
15  
29  

320  
227  
93  
42  
42  

25  
25  
81  
81  

47  
15  
15  
4  
4  
27  
27  

701  
80  
13  
4  
59  
4  
349  
188  
161  
66  
28  
38  

166  
166  
40  
40  

52  
5  
5  
8  
8  
16  
16  

2.047  
231  
113  
30  
80  
8  
1.178  
249  
929  
141  
58  
73  
10  
419  
419  
78  
78  
1  
1  
1.327  
3  
3  
80  
80  
299  
44  
11  
239  
2  

984  
421  
226  
194  
0  

426  
77  
348  
25  
15  
10  

7  
7  
105  
105  

198  
0  
0  
9  
9  
19  
5  

5  
9  

4.259  
775  
367  
256  
139  
12  
2.289  
757  
1.532  
273  
142  
121  
10  
617  
617  
305  
305  
1  
1  
1.623  
23  
23  
101  
101  
361  
92  
11  
244  
11  

248 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Total 

Nuclear energy plants 

Communications 

Communications 
Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Total 

56  
8  
8  

48  
48  

45  
45  
45  

-47  
-47  
-47  
978  
31  
31  
946  
946  

165  
20  
20  
145  
145  

0  
0  
22  
22  
5  

5  
5  

31  
27  
27  
4  
4  
25  
25  
25  
1.036  
21  
21  
1.015  
1.015  

3  
128  
128  
818  
818  
726  
107  
94  
13  
591  
521  
70  
29  
9  
20  
909  
882  
882  
27  
27  
3.930  
3.930  
3.930  
400  
2  
2  
206  
206  
193  
193  
0  
0  
0  

1.589  

182  

1.849  

9.341  

29  
29  
141  
141  
318  
9  

9  
309  
309  

1  

1  
322  
283  
283  
39  
39  
150  
150  
150  
262  
11  
11  
204  
204  
47  
47  
888  
881  
881  
7  
7  
3.122  

3  
156  
156  
980  
980  
1.106  
124  
102  
22  
953  
883  
70  
29  
9  
20  
1.307  
1.237  
1.237  
70  
70  
4.058  
4.058  
4.058  
2.841  
85  
85  
2.516  
2.516  
241  
241  
888  
881  
881  
7  
7  
16.083  

249 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

No 

Yes 

No 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 10B: Budget Non-INTPA in 2024: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Grand Total 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Economic infrastructure and services 
Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

677  
76  
9  
20  
28  
19  
487  
220  
267  
55  
28  
27  
0  
30  
30  
1  
1  
28  
28  
22  
8  
8  
8  
8  
1  
1  
5  
2  
3  

37  
3  

0  
2  
30  
17  
13  
4  
4  

0  

0  
0  

768  
76  
26  
35  
4  
12  
508  
174  
333  
53  
16  
31  
6  
64  
64  
0  
0  
68  
68  
30  
2  
2  
6  
6  
3  
3  
15  
3  
7  

1.919  
421  
157  
132  
28  
105  
678  
204  
475  
164  
158  
6  
1  
479  
479  
0  
0  
176  
176  
629  
10  
10  
19  
19  
44  
44  
349  
196  
119  

489  
275  
1  
212  
56  
7  
129  
53  
76  
9  
1  
8  

7  
7  

69  
69  
163  
3  
3  
9  
9  
19  
19  
17  
10  
5  

3.892  
851  
193  
399  
115  
145  
1.833  
668  
1.165  
285  
206  
72  
6  
580  
580  
1  
1  
341  
341  
843  
23  
23  
42  
42  
67  
67  
385  
212  
134  

250 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Sector 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

Grand Total 

Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Grand Total 

5  

4  
4  
30  
15  
15  

9  
9  

6  
1  
5  
99  
21  
21  
78  
78  
15  

15  
15  
1.003  
227  
227  
774  
774  
2  
2  
3  

3  
3  
1.949  

22  
9  
3  
206  
206  
382  
71  
69  
1  
1  
286  
283  
3  
25  
7  
18  
403  
102  
102  
300  
300  
3.876  

3.876  
3.876  
394  
0  
0  
303  
303  
91  
91  
5  
0  
0  
4  
4  
7.607  

58  
42  
31  
1  
10  
13  
13  
0  
3  
3  
0  
54  
14  
14  
39  
39  
256  
0  
0  
256  
256  
930  
290  
290  
640  
640  

2  
0  
0  
1  
1  
1.997  

0  

0  
0  

5  
2  
2  
3  
3  

134  
95  
95  
39  
39  

1  

1  
1  
177  

0  

0  
0  

1  

1  

0  
115  
115  
189  
15  
15  

1  
167  
167  
1  
6  
0  
6  
283  
38  
38  
245  
245  
280  

280  
280  
204  
72  
72  
128  
128  
4  
4  
885  
881  
881  
4  
4  
2.493  

28  
9  
3  
326  
326  
659  
144  
130  
2  
12  
475  
471  
4  
40  
11  
30  
843  
178  
178  
666  
666  
4.427  
0  
0  
4.427  
4.427  
2.665  
685  
685  
1.883  
1.883  
97  
97  
896  
881  
881  
14  
14  
14.225  

251 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
252 

 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 11A: Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

1. NDICI 
Geo 

2. NDICI Thema 

Social infrastructure and services 
Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace 

and security 

Health 

Government and civil society, general 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 
Population policies/programmes and reproductive 

health 

reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

4.366  
882  
162  
282  
241  
197  
2.123  

257  
1.866  
482  
357  
121  
5  
480  
480  

50  

50  
348  
348  
1.128  
101  
101  
148  
148  
202  

773  
16  
9  
2  
5  
0  
533  

114  
419  
175  
175  
0  
0  
27  
27  

7  

7  
14  
14  
78  
17  
17  
16  
16  
18  

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

1.107  
7  
0  
4  
0  
3  
654  

220  
433  
50  
50  
0  
0  
314  
314  

0  

0  
82  
82  
24  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

709  
212  
10  
144  
50  
8  
291  

24  
268  
36  
14  
13  
10  
91  
91  

1  

1  
77  
77  
788  
3  
3  
54  
54  
46  

334  
70  
70  
0  
0  
0  
187  

0  
187  
70  
0  
70  
0  
7  
7  

0  

0  
0  
0  
542  
0  
0  
10  
10  
84  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

314  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
314  

314  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
41  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7  
4  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  

0  

0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

6  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
5  

0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7.615  
1.190  
251  
432  
296  
211  
4.108  

929  
3.179  
814  
596  
204  
14  
923  
923  

58  

58  
522  
522  
2.602  
121  
121  
229  
229  
351  

253 

 
 
 
 
Sector 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-

related adjustment 
Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Administrative costs of donors 

1. NDICI 
Geo 

2. NDICI Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

202  
474  
2  
272  
106  
95  
0  
202  
202  
1.479  
497  
410  
34  
53  
677  
634  
43  
306  
5  

301  
1.352  
403  
403  
950  
950  
491  
0  
0  
491  
491  
220  
16  
16  
156  
156  
48  
48  
1  
1  

18  
27  
0  
0  
27  
0  
0  
0  
0  
63  
47  
36  
9  
3  
-1  
-1  
0  
17  
0  

17  
100  
85  
85  
15  
15  
3  
3  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
8  
0  

0  
24  
10  
14  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
42  
42  
42  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
25  
0  
0  
25  
25  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
6  
4  
4  
3  
3  
0  
0  
319  
319  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2.498  
80  
80  
2.419  
2.419  
0  
0  
13  
11  

46  
45  
1  
9  
33  
2  
0  
639  
639  
127  
-9  
-22  
0  
13  
122  
122  
0  
14  
9  

5  
418  
27  
27  
391  
391  
6  
0  
0  
6  
6  
20  
0  
0  
0  
0  
20  
20  
61  
61  

84  
170  
0  
0  
170  
0  
0  
278  
278  
587  
99  
99  
0  
0  
487  
418  
70  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3.228  
0  
0  
3.228  
3.228  
188  
0  
0  
0  
0  
188  
188  
8  
8  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
325  
0  
0  
325  
325  
73  
0  
0  
73  
73  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  

0  
41  
0  
0  
0  
0  
41  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
10  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
643  
643  

-0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  

1  
150  
5  
5  
145  
145  
574  
0  
0  
574  
574  
1  
0  
0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
15  
4  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-1  
-1  
-1  
0  
0  
-0  
-0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
-0  
0  
0  
-0  
-0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

351  
781  
13  
294  
334  
98  
41  
1.120  
1.120  
2.310  
677  
566  
43  
68  
1.285  
1.173  
112  
348  
25  

323  
2.371  
519  
519  
1.852  
1.852  
4.374  
3  
3  
4.371  
4.371  
2.934  
100  
100  
2.578  
2.578  
256  
256  
1.073  
1.053  

254 

 
 
Sector 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

 Total 

1. NDICI 
Geo 

2. NDICI Thema 

1  
0  
0  
9.038  

0  
8  
8  
1.025  

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

319  
0  
0  
1.524  

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

11  
2  
2  

61  
0  
0  
2.511   2.128  

8  
0  
0  
4.887  

2  
0  
0  
400  

2  
0  
0  
316  

1  
0  
0  
43  

0  
0  
0  
18  

643  
0  
0  
643  

4  
10  
10  
749  

0  
1.053  
0  
21  
21  
0  
-2   23.279  

Table 11B: Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

Social infrastructure and services 
Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and 
security 
Government and civil society, general 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Other social infrastructure and 

services 
Other social infrastructure and services 

2.532  
563  
131  
266  
81  
84  
1.304  

132  
1.172  
277  
189  
71  
17  

229  
229  

885  
8  
3  
2  
3  
1  
460  

87  
373  
368  
184  
184  
0  

30  
30  

524  
207  
138  
0  
0  
69  
190  

167  
23  
0  
0  
0  
0  

123  
123  

22  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  

2  
0  
21  
21  
0  
0  

0  
0  

735  
106  
3  
67  
27  
9  
234  

9  
225  
102  
95  
8  
0  

185  
185  

19  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
19  

0  
19  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

315  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
315  

315  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  
1  

1.520  
310  
12  
145  
29  
124  
585  

77  
508  
172  
135  
31  
6  

235  
235  

362  
38  
3  
18  
5  
13  
155  

43  
112  
75  
41  
27  
7  

26  
26  

6.915  
1.233  
291  
499  
144  
299  
3.265  

833  
2.432  
1.015  
664  
321  
30  

830  
830  

255 

 
 
 
 
 
Sector 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

Population policies/programmes 

and reproductive health 
Population policies/programmes and 
reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 
Economic infrastructure and services 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Nuclear energy plants 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 
Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and 

mining, construction 
Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related 
adjustment 
Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

26  

26  
133  
133  
629  
150  
150  
64  
64  
92  
92  
288  
2  
207  
51  
28  
0  
35  
35  
487  
270  
217  
4  
48  

171  
0  
168  
3  
47  
2  

45  
748  
196  
196  
553  

14  

14  
5  
5  
29  
1  
1  
7  
7  
17  
17  
3  
0  
1  
2  
0  
0  
2  
2  
30  
27  
25  
1  
1  

3  
0  
2  
1  
1  
0  

1  
53  
49  
49  
4  

0  

0  
3  
3  
25  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  
23  
9  
11  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
11  
0  
0  
0  
0  

11  
0  
11  
0  
0  
0  

0  
4  
1  
1  
3  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
23  
0  
0  
23  

0  

0  
108  
108  
298  
1  
1  
4  
4  
41  
41  
46  
0  
36  
2  
9  
0  
206  
206  
96  
13  
13  
0  
0  

73  
0  
73  
0  
10  
0  

10  
152  
15  
15  
137  

0  

0  
0  
0  
139  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
138  
0  
96  
42  
0  
0  
1  
1  
235  
0  
0  
0  
0  

235  
0  
232  
2  
0  
0  

0  
1  
1  
1  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
25  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
25  
0  
0  
0  
0  
25  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
6  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
3  
2  
0  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
1  
1  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
0  

2  
27  
4  
4  
23  

4  

7  

51  

4  
214  
214  
368  
16  
16  
33  
33  
17  
17  
195  
0  
59  
90  
33  
13  
108  
108  
329  
208  
169  
15  
23  

79  
0  
78  
1  
42  
12  

31  
462  
183  
183  
278  

7  
59  
59  
359  
12  
12  
33  
33  
17  
17  
165  
0  
51  
24  
91  
0  
133  
133  
266  
175  
150  
17  
8  

51  
0  
50  
1  
40  
3  

37  
266  
54  
54  
212  

51  
522  
522  
1.877  
181  
181  
140  
140  
188  
188  
884  
11  
460  
214  
161  
38  
484  
484  
1.457  
694  
575  
37  
81  

622  
0  
614  
8  
141  
17  

125  
1.737  
503  
503  
1.234  

256 

 
 
Sector 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

Other multisector 
Commodity aid and general programme 
assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 
Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and 

rehabilitation 
Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 
Other : Administrative costs of donors / 
Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 
Total 

553  

892  
0  
0  
892  
892  
305  
0  
0  
221  
221  

84  
84  

4  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

3  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
5  
1  
1  
4  
4  

0  
0  

18  
3  
3  
15  
15  
5.611  

17  
0  
0  
17  
17  
1.015  

330  
330  
330  
0  
0  
899  

23  

137  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2.381  
684  
684  
1.697  
1.697  

0  
0  

12  
11  
11  
1  
1  
2.438  

14  
0  
0  
14  
14  
6  
0  
0  
6  
6  

0  
0  

62  
61  
61  
1  
1  
1.363  

3.228  
0  
0  
3.228  
3.228  
12  
0  
0  
0  
0  

12  
12  

4  
4  
4  
0  
0  
3.637  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
316  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
26  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

643  
643  
643  
0  
0  
643  

23  

449  
0  
0  
449  
449  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

12  
9  
9  
3  
3  
499  

278  

212  

1.234  

25  
18  
18  
7  
7  
8  
1  
1  
4  
4  

3  
3  

19  
1  
1  
18  
18  
18  
2  
2  
16  
16  

0  
0  

15  
0  
0  
15  
15  
2.726  

4  
1  
1  
3  
3  
1.294  

4.627  
19  
19  
4.608  
4.608  
2.734  
689  
689  
1.947  
1.947  

99  
99  

1.120  
1.065  
1.065  
56  
56  
20.467  

257 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 12A: Breakdown by country and instrument for 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Country / Region 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official 
Development Assistance) 
   Bilateral 

   Africa 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 
Benin 
Burkina Faso 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

EDF 

Total 

9.038  
9.038  
4.725  
353  
45  
100  
35  
181  
53  
-61  
3.173  
77  
44  
82  
48  
55  
55  
60  
1  
98  
250  
-7  
40  
54  
118  
18  
52  

1.025  
1.025  
30  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1.205  
1.205  
179  
-0  
0  
0  
-0  
0  
0  
0  
147  
0  
0  
6  
4  
0  
3  
54  
0  
0  
7  
3  
0  
0  
3  
0  
5  

2.501  
2.501  
977  
21  
0  
2  
0  
0  
19  
0  
956  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
9  
0  
0  
529  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

2.068  
2.068  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

4.879  
4.879  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

400  
400  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

314  
314  
131  
26  
0  
0  
26  
0  
0  
0  
99  
0  
0  
0  
0  
13  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

41  
41  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

17  
17  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

749  
688  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

-2  
-2  
-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

22.234  
22.173  
6.041  
400  
45  
102  
61  
181  
72  
-61  
4.374  
77  
44  
88  
52  
68  
66  
114  
1  
627  
257  
-4  
40  
54  
122  
18  
57  

258 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Middle Africa, regional 
Mozambique 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
Southern Africa, regional 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

Africa, unspecified 

Africa, regional 

   America 

America (North & Central America) 

Belize 
Caribbean & Central America, 
regional 
Caribbean, regional 
El Salvador 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Nicaragua 

Income 
group 

LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

LMICS 

UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

EDF 

Total 

52  
16  
108  
71  
93  
97  
100  
2  
14  
109  
0  
0  
37  
1  
55  
28  
829  
44  
15  
95  
17  
19  
110  
72  
63  
80  
1.199  
1.199  
412  
165  
0  

0  
9  
7  
17  
40  
46  
16  
30  

0  
-0  
-0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  
30  
2  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  
5  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
11  
0  
0  
0  
35  
0  
0  
32  
32  
34  
20  
0  

0  
10  
0  
0  
10  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
111  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  
7  
0  
0  
0  
0  
291  
0  
0  
0  
0  
165  
34  
0  

13  
0  
0  
0  
21  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
28  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-6  
0  
0  
0  
0  
63  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
6  
6  
3  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

52  
16  
108  
69  
93  
125  
105  
2  
125  
109  
-6  
7  
37  
6  
55  
95  
835  
45  
22  
106  
17  
19  
110  
398  
63  
80  
1.267  
1.267  
615  
219  
0  

13  
19  
7  
17  
71  
46  
16  
30  

259 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

America (South America) 

Bolivia 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Venezuela 

America, unspecified 

America, regional 

   Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 
China 
Far East Asia, regional 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Middle East, regional 
Palestine** 

Syria 
Yemen 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Maldives 
Myanmar 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

EDF 

Total 

LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
OTHER_L
ICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 

96  
6  
5  
28  
10  
28  
12  
7  
0  
150  
150  
1.770  
167  
23  
4  
64  
-0  
9  
68  
701  
0  
167  
256  
8  
234  

36  
0  
722  
194  
45  
14  
90  
73  
0  
18  
11  
22  
7  
90  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

12  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
0  
2  
2  
96  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
57  
0  
0  
7  
38  
0  

9  
3  
25  
2  
0  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-0  
0  
5  

40  
0  
0  
0  
2  
0  
0  
20  
18  
92  
92  
938  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
655  
23  
0  
29  
222  
237  

18  
127  
283  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  
83  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
40  
24  
0  
0  
0  
16  

0  
0  
43  
0  
19  
0  
0  
0  
24  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
13  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
13  
0  
13  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
15  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

151  
8  
5  
28  
12  
28  
12  
40  
18  
246  
246  
2.915  
167  
23  
4  
64  
-0  
9  
68  
1.453  
47  
167  
292  
267  
487  

63  
129  
1.086  
196  
77  
14  
92  
73  
24  
18  
11  
22  
7  
96  

260 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Nepal 
Pakistan 
South & Central Asia, regional 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 
Asia, unspecified 

Asia, regional 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo* 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Serbia 
Türkiye 
Ukraine *** 

   Oceania 

Oceania 

Oceania, regional 
Papua New Guinea 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 

Income 
group 

LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

   Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

UNALLOC 

   Multilateral (inflows) 

   Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

World Customs Organization Customs 
Co-operation Fund 

United Nations agency, fund or commission 
(UN) 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

EDF 

Total 

58  
31  
0  
31  
22  
0  
4  
13  
180  
180  
499  
499  
0  
30  
0  
375  
0  
78  
0  
0  
1  
7  
8  
62  
62  
37  
5  
1  
19  
0  
1.569  
1.569  
1.569  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
82  
82  
0  
0  
0  
82  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
911  
911  
911  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
15  
0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
14  
14  
874  
874  
0  
0  
0  
14  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
804  
55  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
23  
23  
23  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
282  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
215  
215  
0  
0  
0  
89  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
26  
100  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
206  
206  
206  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1.660  
1.660  
94  
0  
72  
869  
2  
0  
48  
95  
163  
317  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
408  
408  
408  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4.879  
4.879  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4.879  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
398  
398  
0  
0  
0  
398  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
91  
91  
0  
0  
4  
5  
32  
6  
0  
0  
0  
0  
42  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
7  
7  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
26  
26  
26  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
17  
17  
0  
0  
0  
0  
17  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
15  
15  
646  
646  
0  
0  
0  
13  
0  
0  
4  
-0  
55  
1  
574  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
27  
27  
27  
61  
1  
1  

1  

3  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

58  
46  
282  
31  
22  
3  
4  
13  
209  
209  
9.346  
9.346  
94  
30  
76  
1.845  
34  
85  
52  
95  
218  
1.156  
5.661  
79  
79  
37  
5  
1  
19  
17  
3.178  
3.178  
3.178  
61  
1  
1  

1  

3  

261 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

EDF 

Total 

Country / Region 

United Nations agency, fund or commission 
(UN) 

FAO 
UNFCCC 

   Regional Development Bank 

Regional Development Bank 

European Bank for Reconstruction 
and Development 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-
ODA eligible countries) 
   Bilateral 

   America 

America (North & Central America) 

Aruba 

America (South America) 

Uruguay 

   Asia 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 
United Arab Emirates 

Europe 

Europe 

Greenland 

Russia 

   Oceania 

Oceania 

New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

   Other 

Other 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
CEECS/NI
S 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCT Unallocated 

MADCTS 

Part III: ODA Countries Non-ODA Eligible Flows 
Part IV: Other flows in non-ODA countries 
Administrative Costs Ex-BA lines - Heading 6 
Administrative Costs - Heading 7 

TOTAL COMMITTED AMOUNT 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

10  
10  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  
10  
10  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

9  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
9  
9  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
78  
9  
0  
0  
9.135  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  
0  
0  
1.033  

9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
21  
0  
323  
0  
1.558  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
11  
0  
2.511  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
61  
0  
2.129  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
8  
0  
4.887  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
400  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
73  
0  
2  
0  
389  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
43  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

40  
40  
9  
9  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  
30  
30  

0  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
13  
1  
0  
72  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
643  
643  

3  
2  
1  
57  
57  

57  

19  
19  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
-0  
-0  
0  
-0  
19  
19  
19  
53  
0  
0  
0  
821  

(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-2  

3  
2  
1  
57  
57  

57  

79  
79  
9  
9  
9  
0  
0  
10  
10  
10  
0  
39  
39  
30  

9  
1  
1  
1  
-0  
19  
19  
19  
233  
22  
407  
643  
23.618  

262 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
(**) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

(***) The allocation for Ukraine in 2024 under Humanitarian aid (HUMA) and the European Instrument for International Nuclear Safety Cooperation (INSC ) is partially reported either within 
the ‘Europe, regional’category or the ‘Developing Countries, unspecified’ category due to the co-existence of regional/global actions. The support committed for Ukraine in 2024 under HUMA 
is EUR 165 million while the allocation under INSC in 2024 is EUR 18 million. 

Graphs Table 12A 

Percentage of Committed Amount to each Region/ Multilateral institution per Instrument

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa, unspecified

America (South America)

Asia (Far East Asia)

Asia (South & Central Asia)

Developing countries, unspecified

Oceania

Other multilateral institution

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

01. NDICI Geo

02. NDICI Thema

03. NDICI Other

04. HUMA

05. IPA III

06.Ukraine Facility

07. Western Balkan Facility

08. CFSP

09. INSC

10. OCT

11. Admin

263 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 12B: Breakdown by country and instrument for 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Country / Region 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories 
(Official Development Assistance) 

Bilateral 

Africa 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
   Morocco 

North of Sahara, 
regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 
LMICS 

Angola 
Benin 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of 
the Congo 
Djibouti 

LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

LDCS 
LDCS 

5.611  
5.604  
2.314  
536  
16  
39  
36  
214  

35  
195  
1.384  
14  
41  
3  
10  
27  
8  
24  
32  
27  
5  
7  

63  
13  

1.015  
1.012  
163  
6  
1  
1  
2  
1  

0  
1  
121  
2  
1  
1  
3  
3  
0  
3  
1  
2  
1  
1  

3  
1  

569  
566  
89  
20  
0  
6  
11  
0  

0  
3  
69  
1  
9  
0  
3  
0  
0  
3  
4  
10  
0  
0  

3  
0  

2.428  
2.428  
932  
22  
10  
9  
2  
0  

1.302  
1.300  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

3.633  
3.633  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  
0  
910  
1  
0  
0  
32  
0  
0  
25  
19  
65  
0  
0  

91  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

315  
315  
113  
26  
0  
0  
26  
0  

0  
0  
81  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

9. 
IN
SC 

25  
25  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

499  
497  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

2.726  
2.703  
523  
245  
8  
51  
3  
54  

0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

2  
126  
146  
1  
3  
0  
6  
0  
0  
7  
2  
1  
0  
1  

5  
2  

1.294  
1.294  
1.081  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
1.006  
29  
19  
3  
4  
16  
6  
7  
9  
26  
3  
5  

19.416  
19.377  
5.220  
855  
35  
105  
81  
270  

39  
325  
3.719  
48  
73  
7  
59  
46  
14  
69  
74  
130  
9  
15  

68  
9  

234  
26  

264 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 

Eastern Africa, regional 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
   Madagascar 
   Malawi 
   Mali 
   Mauritania 
   Mauritius 
   Middle Africa, regional 
   Mozambique 
Namibia 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South of Sahara, 
regional 
South Sudan 
Southern Africa, regional  UNALLOC 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 

UNALLOC 
LDCS 

LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 

   Western Africa, regional 

24  
0  
0  
1  
46  
0  
13  
20  
29  
3  
52  
32  
6  
3  
9  
49  
28  
51  
0  
18  
56  
5  
23  
72  
57  
2  
22  
14  
83  
2  

71  
43  
8  
41  
50  
30  
30  
27  

1  
1  
2  
1  
3  
0  
2  
3  
1  
0  
2  
5  
1  
1  
1  
2  
4  
1  
1  
1  
8  
1  
0  
2  
0  
0  
4  
5  
5  
2  

3  
2  
8  
8  
2  
1  
5  
5  

0  
0  
0  
0  
5  
2  
0  
0  
2  
0  
4  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
1  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
2  
0  
0  
4  
0  
3  
0  

0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
1  
0  
0  

124  
0  
0  
0  
72  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
14  
0  
0  
10  
8  
27  
9  
0  
0  
18  
0  
19  
37  
1  
0  
0  
0  
59  
0  

64  
63  
0  
86  
0  
0  
27  
19  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
IN
SC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
28  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
41  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

3  
0  
1  
0  
2  
0  
1  
1  
0  
1  
4  
1  
0  
1  
2  
1  
0  
1  
2  
2  
4  
0  
4  
5  
3  
1  
2  
0  
6  
29  

25  
1  
0  
2  
0  
1  
2  
4  

27  
0  
90  
5  
23  
0  
8  
17  
22  
3  
6  
32  
8  
14  
59  
41  
21  
12  
4  
2  
82  
6  
3  
15  
7  
2  
21  
21  
6  
0  

87  
0  
0  
0  
34  
14  
18  
23  

181  
1  
93  
6  
152  
3  
25  
42  
53  
7  
70  
84  
15  
20  
81  
100  
112  
76  
7  
22  
171  
13  
54  
133  
69  
4  
53  
39  
203  
35  

250  
110  
16  
140  
85  
47  
82  
78  

265 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Zambia 
Zimbabwe 
Africa, unspecified 
Africa, regional 

America 

America (North & Central 
America) 

Antigua And Barbuda 
Belize 
Caribbean & Central 
America, regional 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, 
regional 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
   Mexico 

Nicaragua 
Panama 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 

America (South America) 

Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Suriname 

Income 
group 

LDCS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

76  
12  
394  
394  
198  

89  
0  
4  

0  
7  

11  
4  
18  
1  
3  
0  
25  
2  
8  
2  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  
76  
1  
21  
1  
8  
6  
7  
3  
5  
23  
1  

2  
3  
36  
36  
61  

17  
0  
0  

0  
3  

1  
0  
1  
3  
1  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
3  
1  
0  
0  
0  
35  
1  
1  
2  
2  
8  
0  
1  
1  
15  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
11  

6  
10  
0  
0  
140  

7  
0  
0  

0  
0  

4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

40  
0  
0  

0  
1  

15  
0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
20  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
78  
1  
1  
1  
9  
5  
0  
0  
1  
26  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
IN
SC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
6  
6  
1  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  

0  
0  
2  
2  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
2  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  
2  
132  
132  
154  

63  
0  
0  

1  
0  

2  
3  
8  
1  
10  
0  
13  
2  
14  
1  
3  
3  
0  
0  
0  
83  
4  
16  
4  
27  
5  
0  
4  
3  
18  
0  

62  
7  
75  
75  
73  

69  
0  
1  

0  
28  

0  
0  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
24  
0  
9  
0  
0  
0  
2  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  

147  
34  
646  
646  
640  

284  
0  
5  

1  
39  

34  
7  
28  
10  
14  
0  
42  
51  
23  
12  
9  
7  
0  
2  
0  
281  
6  
39  
8  
48  
26  
7  
9  
10  
83  
5  

266 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Asia 

Venezuela 
America, unspecified 
America, regional 

Asia (Far East Asia) 
Cambodia 
China 
Democratic People's 
Republic of Korea 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Lao (People's 
Democratic Republic) 

   Malaysia 
   Mongolia 

Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 

   Middle East, regional 

Palestine** 

Syria 
Yemen 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 

Income 
group 

UMICS 

UNALLOC 

LDCS 
UMICS 
OTHER_L
ICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
OTHER_L
ICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

1  
33  
33  
1.166  
73  
20  
5  

4  
9  
9  
270  
4  
0  
0  

0  
0  
5  

18  
3  
5  
6  
4  
3  
5  
628  
6  
2  
40  
142  
2  
385  

19  
32  
413  
80  
41  
5  
75  
4  
39  
22  
6  
4  

0  
0  
0  

1  
2  
0  
1  
0  
1  
0  
12  
2  
0  
4  
1  
0  
1  

2  
2  
11  
0  
2  
0  
1  
0  
0  
3  
0  
1  

0  
0  
0  
53  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  
0  
1  
0  
1  
2  
11  

15  
1  
20  
10  
1  
1  
1  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  

35  
22  
22  
868  
8  
0  
0  

0  
2  
0  

0  
0  
0  
5  
0  
0  
0  
594  
11  
31  
15  
60  
1  
195  

165  
117  
261  
149  
5  
1  
48  
0  
1  
0  
1  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
IN
SC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
101  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
59  
0  
41  
0  
0  
2  
16  

0  
0  
43  
0  
19  
0  
0  
0  
0  
24  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
1  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
2  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  
9  
9  
725  
120  
25  
8  

0  
6  
11  

5  
0  
11  
22  
1  
1  
30  
228  
4  
57  
36  
26  
2  
34  

55  
13  
359  
41  
30  
10  
90  
0  
17  
37  
5  
0  

0  
0  
0  
4  
4  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

40  
75  
75  
3.193  
209  
45  
13  

0  
9  
16  

23  
4  
17  
33  
6  
9  
36  
1.552  
24  
131  
95  
230  
8  
643  

256  
164  
1.109  
279  
98  
17  
215  
4  
59  
85  
12  
5  

267 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

Kyrgyz Republic 

   Maldives 
   Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South & Central Asia, 
regional 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 

Asia, unspecified 
Asia, regional 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo* 
   Moldova 
   Montenegro 

North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Türkiye 
Ukraine 

Oceania 

Oceania 
Fiji 
Kiribati 

   Marshall Islands 
   Melanesia, regional 
   Micronesia, Fed. States 
Oceania, regional 
Palau 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 

LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 

10  
1  
39  
24  
23  

4  
3  
7  
13  
2  
12  
53  
53  
646  
646  
0  
12  
0  
115  
0  
68  
0  
0  
1  
0  
7  
443  
32  
32  
0  
1  
3  
1  
0  
6  
0  
13  
3  

0  
0  
1  
1  
1  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
243  
243  
87  
87  
0  
3  
0  
75  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
5  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
5  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
3  
409  
409  
0  
0  
1  
37  
0  
9  
0  
0  
0  
0  
303  
58  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
36  
4  
16  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
4  
277  
277  
0  
0  
2  
19  
0  
18  
0  
0  
0  
0  
56  
182  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
935  
935  
29  
0  
44  
336  
12  
0  
24  
32  
106  
2  
351  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3.633  
3.633  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3.633  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
IN
SC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
93  
93  
0  
0  
4  
8  
32  
6  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
42  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  
8  
8  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  
457  
457  
0  
0  
0  
8  
0  
28  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
421  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

6  
0  
9  
4  
37  

0  
3  
12  
47  
1  
10  
18  
18  
1.125  
1.125  
45  
5  
54  
283  
19  
26  
17  
41  
90  
0  
465  
81  
4  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
0  
1  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
49  
49  
1  
2  
0  
0  
2  
26  
0  
13  
0  

16  
1  
86  
33  
81  

5  
6  
20  
60  
3  
22  
323  
323  
7.670  
7.670  
75  
20  
104  
881  
64  
156  
41  
74  
196  
2  
1.184  
4.873  
87  
87  
1  
4  
4  
1  
2  
34  
0  
27  
3  

268 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

Country / Region 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 

   Wallis & Futuna 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, 
unspecified 

Developing countries, 
unspecified 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and 
other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to 
NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions 
to NGOs and other private 
bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core 
contributions to NGOs 
and other private bodies 
/ PPPs 

Multilateral (inflows) 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

World Customs 
Organization Customs 
Co-operation Fund 
United Nations agency, fund or 
commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund 
or commission (UN) 

FAO 
UN 
UNFCCC 
   WHO-Assessed 

Triangular co-operation 

Africa 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

2  
1  
1  
0  
0  
1.248  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
430  

1.248  

430  

UNALLOC 

1.248  

430  

4  

4  

4  

4  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
2  
2  

3  

3  

3  

3  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  

4  

4  

3  

3  

3  

3  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
209  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
365  

209  

365  

209  

365  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  

1  

1  

1  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
7  

9. 
IN
SC 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
10  

7  

10  

7  

10  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
35  

35  

35  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
2  
1  
1  

1  

1  

1  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
171  

171  

171  

6  

6  

6  

6  
2  
0  
0  

0  

2  

2  
0  
0  
0  
2  
15  
0  
0  

2  
0  
0  
2  
0  
88  

5  
1  
1  
3  
0  
2.567  

88  

2.567  

88  

2.567  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

16  

16  

16  

16  
5  
1  
1  

1  

3  

3  
0  
0  
1  
2  
18  
2  
2  

269 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Income 
group 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

Senegal 

LDCS 

America 

America (South America) 

South America, regional 

UNALLOC 

America, unspecified 
America, regional 

Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 

Far East Asia, regional 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 

UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 

Central Asia, regional 

UNALLOC 

Oceania 

Oceania 

Oceania, regional 

UNALLOC 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition 
(NON-ODA eligible countries) 

Bilateral 

Africa 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Seychelles 

MADCTS 

America 

America (North & Central 
America) 

Aruba 
Barbados 
Curaçao 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And 
Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
Trinidad And Tobago 
America (South America) 

Chile 
Uruguay 

Asia (Far East Asia) 

Brunei 
Hong Kong, China 
Korea 

Asia 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  

7  
7  
0  
0  
0  
3  

1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
1  
2  
1  
1  
4  
1  
0  
0  
1  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

4  
4  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

6  
6  
1  
1  
1  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
1  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
IN
SC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

49  
49  
0  
0  
0  
8  

8  
1  
0  
0  
0  

7  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

17  
17  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
12  
3  
3  
9  
9  
3  
3  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

14  
14  
0  
0  
0  
2  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
2  
1  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

20  
20  
2  
2  
2  
18  

18  
0  
2  
0  
13  

0  
1  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

2  
12  
3  
3  
9  
9  
4  
3  
3  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  

119  
119  
3  
3  
3  
30  

27  
1  
2  
0  
13  

7  
1  
4  
3  
2  
1  
11  
2  
0  
1  
1  

270 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Country / Region 

Singapore 
Taiwan 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 
Saudi Arabia 
United Arab Emirates 

Europe 

Europe 

Greenland 

Russia 

Oceania 

Oceania 

French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

Other 

Other 
   MADCT Unallocated 

Income 
group 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
CEECS/NI
S 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 

Part III: ODA Countries Non-ODA Eligible Flows 
Part IV: Other flows in non-ODA countries 
Administrative Costs Ex-BA lines - Heading 6 
Administrative Costs - Heading 7 

TOTAL DISBURSED 
AMOUNT 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

2. 
NDICI 
Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

0  
0  
3  
1  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
135  
8  
0  
0  

0  
0  
1  
1  
0  
0  
3  
3  
0  

3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
22  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
2  
1  
1  
0  
2  
2  
0  

2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
37  
7  
340  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
11  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
22  
1  
62  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
0  

5.761  

1.042  

960  

2.442  

1.386  

3.637  

7. 
Wester
n 
Balkan 
Facility 
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

1  

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
IN
SC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Adm
in 

12. 
Othe
r 

Comp-
letion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
76  
0  
1  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  

393  

26  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
30  
30  
30  

0  
12  
12  
6  
6  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
1  
0  

54  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
643  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
17  
17  
17  
43  
1  
0  
0  

0  
0  
2  
2  
0  
0  
4  
4  
1  

3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
6  
6  
6  
26  
6  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
91  
0  
0  
0  

0  
1  
9  
6  
1  
2  
39  
39  
30  

8  
12  
12  
6  
6  
0  
23  
23  
23  
457  
26  
420  
643  

643  

560  

2.771  

1.405  

21.081  

(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
(**) This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

271 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 12A 

Percentage of Disbursed Amount to each Region/ Multilateral institution per Instrument

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa, unspecified

America (South America)

Asia (Far East Asia)

Asia (South & Central Asia)

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs

Europe

Other

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90% 100%

01. NDICI Geo

02. NDICI Thema

03. NDICI Other

04. HUMA

05. IPA III

06.Ukraine Facility

07. Western Balkan Facility

08. CFSP

09. INSC

10. OCT

272 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 13A: Breakdown by co-operation modality and by instrument 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Cooperation modality 

A01  General budget support 
A02 

B03 

B02 

B01 

Sector budget support 
Core support to NGOs, other private bodies, PPPs 
and research institutes 
Core contributions to multilateral institutions 
Contributions to specific-purpose programmes 
and funds managed by international organisations 
(multilateral, INGO) 
C01 
Project-type interventions 
D02  Other technical assistance 
Scholarships/training in donor country 
E01 
G01  Administrative costs not included elsewhere 
H01  Development awareness 

Total 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

491  
386  

0  

0  

332  

7.617  
20  
191  
1  
0  
9.038  

2. NDICI Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6.Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  

1  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

82  

13  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

6  
58  

0  

0  

12  

933  
1  
0  
0  
9  

1.182  
10  
0  
319  
0  
1.025   1.524  

2.498   1.952  
1  
38  
61  
0  
2.511   2.128  

0  
0  
11  
2  

3.228  
0  

0  

0  

1  

1.650  
0  
0  
8  
0  
4.887  

73  
0  

0  

0  

0  

325  
0  
0  
2  
0  
400  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

314  
0  
0  
2  
0  
316  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

41  
0  
0  
1  
0  
43  

0  
17  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
18  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
643  
0  
643  

574  
0  

0  

61  

5  

92  
2  
0  
4  
10  
749  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

-2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
-2  

4.371  
462  

1  

61  

444  

16.603  
35  
229  
1.053  
21  
23.279  

273 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 13A 

Committed amount to each cooperation modality by Instrument

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

10.000

9.000

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

-1.000

Instruments

Administrative costs not included elsewhere

Contributions to specific-purpose programmes and funds
managed by international organisations (multilateral, INGO)

Core contributions to multilateral institutions

Core support to NGOs, other private bodies, PPPs and
research institutes

Development awareness

General budget support

Other technical assistance

Project-type interventions

Scholarships/training in donor country

Sector budget support

274 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 13B: Breakdown by co-operation modality and by instrument 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Cooperation modality 

General budget support 
Sector budget support 
Core support to NGOs, other private 
bodies, PPPs and research institutes 
Core contributions to multilateral 
institutions 
Contributions to specific-purpose 
programmes and funds managed by 
international organisations (multilateral, 
INGO) 
Basket funds/pooled funding 
Project-type interventions 
Donor country personnel 
Other technical assistance 
Scholarships/training in donor country 
Administrative costs not included 
elsewhere 
Development awareness 
Total 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 

892  
358  

4  

0  

242  
4  
3.859  
0  
18  
230  

3  
0  
5.611  

A01 
A02 

B01 

B02 

B03 
B04 
C01 
D01 
D02 
E01 

G01 
H01 

2. NDICI Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6.Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
Facility 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

0  
0  

3  

0  

302  
0  
686  
0  
7  
0  

0  
16  
1.015  

0  
0  

3  

0  

7  
0  
558  
0  
1  
0  

330  
0  
899  

0  
0  

0  

0  

14  
11  

1  

0  

0  
0  

13  
0  
2.427   1.214  
0  
1  
47  

0  
0  
0  

3.228  
0  

0  

0  

1  
0  
405  
0  
0  
0  

11  
1  

61  
0  
2.438   1.363  

4  
0  
3.637  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
315  
0  
0  
0  

1  
0  
316  

0  
0  

0  

0  

2  
0  
23  
0  
0  
0  

1  
0  
26  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

449  
0  

0  

2  

7  
0  
20  
0  
9  
0  

643  
0  
643  

9  
2  
499  

7  
259  

18  
31  

4.608  
659  

6  

2  

0  

0  

17  

5  

18  
87  

11  
605  
107  
16  
2.260   1.173   12.939  
1  
139  
299  

1  
40  
2  

0  
62  
20  

0  
4  

1.065  
24  
2.726   1.294   20.467  

1  
0  

275 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 13B 

Disbursed amount to each cooperation modality by Instrument 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

Instruments

Administrative costs not included elsewhere

Basket funds/pooled funding

Contributions to specific-purpose programmes and funds
managed by international organisations (multilateral, INGO)

Core contributions to multilateral institutions

Core support to NGOs, other private bodies, PPPs and
research institutes

Development awareness

Donor country personnel

General budget support

Other technical assistance

Project-type interventions

Scholarships/training in donor country

Sector budget support

276 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 14A: Sources of External Action in 2020 - 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Budget 

DG INTPA Budget 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

DG NEAR Budget 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

Other DGs Budget 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

EDF 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

 Total 

2020 
3.511  
3.475  
36  
4.165  
4.159  
6  
4.461  
4.216  
245  
3.892  
3.733  
159  
16.030  

2021 
8.299  
8.231  
68  
3.530  
3.526  
4  
3.899  
3.716  
183  
19  
19  
0  
15.747  

2022 
7.284  
7.186  
98  
7.368  
7.264  
104  
5.312  
5.042  
269  
602  
602  
0  
20.565  

2023 
8.259  
8.147  
111  
5.867  
5.692  
176  
5.155  
4.696  
458  
0  
0  
0  
19.280  

2024 
7.315  
7.198  
116  
10.308  
10.270  
39  
5.997  
5.813  
184  
-2  
-2  
0  
23.618  

Total 
34.667  
34.238  
429  
31.238  
30.910  
328  
24.823  
23.484  
1.339  
4.511  
4.352  
159  
95.240  

277 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 14A – Committed amount between 2020 and 2024 by DG 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

40.000

35.000

30.000

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

DG INTPA Budget DG NEAR Budget Other DGs Budget

EDF

DG INTPA Budget DG NEAR Budget Other DGs Budget

EDF

ODA

Non-ODA

DGs per ODA breakdown

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

278 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 14B: Sources of External Action in 2020 - 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Budget 

DG INTPA Budget 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

DG NEAR Budget 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

Other DGs Budget 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

EDF 

ODA 
Non-ODA 

 Total 

2020 
3.337  
3.292  
46  
4.142  
4.129  
13  
4.092  
3.905  
188  
4.679  
4.354  
324  
16.250  

2021 
3.154  
3.138  
16  
3.801  
3.783  
18  
4.475  
4.237  
238  
3.435  
3.231  
203  
14.865  

2022 
4.368  
4.323  
45  
5.716  
5.702  
13  
4.980  
4.742  
239  
2.451  
2.379  
72  
17.515  

2023 
5.567  
5.493  
75  
4.886  
4.841  
45  
5.356  
4.814  
542  
2.103  
2.045  
58  
17.912  

2024 
5.047  
4.949  
99  
8.885  
8.817  
67  
5.744  
5.407  
337  
1.405  
1.294  
111  
21.081  

 Total 
21.473  
21.193  
280  
27.430  
27.274  
157  
24.648  
23.105  
1.543  
14.073  
13.304  
769  
87.625  

279 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 14B – Disbursed amount between 2020 and 2024 by DG 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

30.000

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

ODA

Non-ODA

ODA

Non-ODA

ODA

Non-ODA

ODA

Non-ODA

DG INTPA Budget

DG NEAR Budget

Other DGs Budget

EDF

DGs per ODA breakdown

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

280 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments  
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 15: Sectoral breakdown of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for 2020 - 2024 

Commitments: Sector of Destination (in EUR millions) 

Sector of destination 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

Social infrastructure and services 
Economic infrastructure and services 
Production sectors 
Multisector/Cross-cutting 
Commodity aid and general programme assistance 
Debt Relief 
Humanitarian aid 
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 
Total 

5.795  
1.745  
1.706  
1.463  
903  
92  
2.964  
915  
15.583  

7.089  
2.799  
612  
1.060  
610  

2.366  
956  
15.492  

7.891  
2.706  
1.673  
1.759  
998  

3.112  
1.956  
20.095  

8.295  
1.558  
1.612  
1.636  
1.560  

2.747  
1.127  
18.535  

7.615  
2.602  
2.310  
2.371  
4.374  

2.934  
1.073  
23.279  

36.685  
11.410  
7.914  
8.288  
8.445  
92  
14.123  
6.028  
92.984  

Disbursements: Sector of Destination (in EUR millions) 

Sector of destination 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

Social infrastructure and services 
Economic infrastructure and services 
Production sectors 
Multisector/Cross-cutting 
Commodity aid and general programme assistance 
Debt Relief 
Humanitarian aid 
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 
Total 

7.545  
1.354  
1.093  
1.198  
1.231  

2.568  
690  
15.680  

5.817  
1.190  
1.260  
2.162  
198  
183  
2.603  
975  
14.389  

7.054  
1.550  
1.139  
1.546  
1.241  

2.756  
1.860  
17.147  

6.644  
2.085  
1.312  
1.875  
1.101  

2.899  
1.276  
17.193  

6.915  
1.877  
1.457  
1.737  
4.627  

2.734  
1.120  
20.467  

33.976  
8.057  
6.262  
8.518  
8.397  
183  
13.561  
5.922  
84.876  

281 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 15 – Committed/Disbursed amount per sector between 2020 and 2024 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

Commitments

Other : Administrative costs of donors /
Unallocated / Unspecified

Humanitarian aid

Debt Relief

Commodity aid and general programme
assistance

Multisector/Cross-cutting

Production sectors

Economic infrastructure and services

Social infrastructure and services

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

282 

 
 
  
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

Disbursements

Other : Administrative costs of donors /
Unallocated / Unspecified

Humanitarian aid

Debt Relief

Commodity aid and general programme
assistance

Multisector/Cross-cutting

Production sectors

Economic infrastructure and services

Social infrastructure and services

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 16A: Regional distribution of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries for 2020 - 2024 

Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Region 

Africa 

America 

Africa (South of Sahara) 
Africa, unspecified 
Africa (North of Sahara) 

America (South America) 

Sub-region 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

4.819  
3.351  
659  
810  
747  
213  

6.325  
3.836  
1.743  
745  
539  
68  

6.965  
3.944  
2.222  
799  
516  
72  

5.938  
3.622  
1.717  
599  
588  
171  

6.041  
4.374  
1.267  
400  
615  
151  

30.089  
19.127  
7.609  
3.354  
3.005  
674  

283 

 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Region 

Sub-region 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

America (North & Central America) 
America, unspecified 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia, unspecified 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Other 

Total 

Other 

304  
230  
3.253  
890  
1.666  
275  
422  
3.071  
3.071  
107  
107  
3.586  
3.586  

212  
259  
2.029  
505  
944  
66  
514  
2.923  
2.923  
53  
53  
3.623  
3.623  

15.583  

15.492  

209  
235  
2.944  
814  
1.533  
183  
414  
4.990  
4.990  
89  
89  
4.579  
4.579  
12  
12  
20.095  

185  
233  
2.994  
593  
1.459  
199  
742  
4.546  
4.546  
34  
34  
4.435  
4.435  

219  
246  
2.915  
1.086  
1.453  
167  
209  
9.346  
9.346  
79  
79  
4.283  
4.283  

18.535  

23.279  

1.128  
1.203  
14.134  
3.888  
7.055  
891  
2.300  
24.875  
24.875  
362  
362  
20.507  
20.507  
12  
12  
92.984  

Distribution by income for 2020 - 2024 (in EUR millions) 

Income group 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

LDCS 
LMICS 
OTHER_LICS 
MADCTS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
Total 

Least Developed Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Other Low Income Countries 
More Advanced Developing Countries 
Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Unallocated 

2.751  
3.382  
33  

2.245  
7.172  
15.583  

2.490  
1.535  

1.959  
9.509  
15.492  

2.851  
3.028  
67  
12  
3.293  
10.845  
20.095  

2.740  
2.568  
67  

2.993  
10.167  
18.535  

2.718  
7.088  
63  

2.717  
10.693  
23.279  

13.549  
17.600  
230  
12  
13.207  
48.386  
92.984  

Distribution by region and income for year 2024 (in EUR millions) 

Region 

LDCS 

LMICS 

UMICS 

UNALLOC 

OTHER_LICS 

Total 

Africa 
America 
Asia 
Europe 
Oceania 
Developing countries, unspecified 
Total 

2.068  
71  
579  

1  

2.718  

568  
91  
743  
5.661  
24  

7.088  

59  
136  
665  
1.840  
17  

2.717  

3.346  
317  
865  
1.845  
37  
4.283  
10.693  

63  

63  

6.041  
615  
2.915  
9.346  
79  
4.283  
23.279  

284 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Graphs Table 16A 

Committed amount per region between 2020 and 2024

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Other

Developing countries

Oceania

Europe

Asia

America

Africa

285 

 
 
 
  
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

10.000

9.000

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

Committed amount per country group between 2020 and 2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Unallocated

Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories

More Advanced Developing Countries

Other Low Income Countries

Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories

Least Developed Countries

Committed amount per country 
group and per region in 2024

Africa

America

Asia

Europe

Oceania

Developing countries,
unspecified

OTHER_LICS

UNALLOC

UMICS

LMICS

LDCS

286 

 
 
 
 
 
 
287 

 
 
 
 
Table 16B: Regional distribution of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries for 2020 - 2024 

Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Sub-region 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

Region 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Oceania 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
Africa, unspecified 

America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
America, unspecified 

Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Asia, unspecified 

Europe 

Oceania 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Other 

Total 

Other 

Distribution by income for 2020 - 2024 (in EUR millions) 

6.477  
1.112  
4.449  
916  
802  
421  
331  
50  
3.133  
316  
1.279  
1.450  
88  
3.022  
3.022  
109  
109  
2.138  
2.138  

15.680  

4.906  
626  
3.756  
524  
726  
375  
292  
60  
2.879  
298  
1.313  
1.213  
56  
3.412  
3.412  
113  
113  
2.352  
2.352  
0  
0  
14.389  

5.253  
777  
3.712  
764  
651  
293  
283  
75  
2.738  
268  
1.329  
1.079  
62  
4.212  
4.212  
98  
98  
4.189  
4.189  
5  
5  
17.147  

5.253  
584  
3.946  
722  
653  
248  
301  
104  
2.951  
258  
1.433  
1.123  
138  
3.939  
3.939  
120  
120  
4.279  
4.279  

5.226  
856  
3.724  
646  
653  
285  
284  
84  
3.199  
212  
1.552  
1.111  
323  
7.677  
7.677  
87  
87  
3.625  
3.625  

17.193  

20.467  

27.115  
3.956  
19.587  
3.572  
3.485  
1.621  
1.491  
373  
14.900  
1.351  
6.906  
5.975  
667  
22.261  
22.261  
528  
528  
16.583  
16.583  
5  
5  
84.876  

Income group 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

LDCS 
LMICS 

Least Developed Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories 

4.063  
3.501  

3.472  
2.880  

3.305  
3.204  

3.679  
2.684  

3.557  
7.190  

18.076  
19.457  

288 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Income group 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

OTHER_LICS 
MADCTS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
CEECS/NIS 
Total 

Other Low Income Countries 
More Advanced Developing Countries 
Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Unallocated 
Central and Eastern European Countries / New Independent States 

105  

3.108  
4.904  

54  
0  
3.279  
4.704  

15.680  

14.389  

391  
5  
3.282  
6.960  
0  
17.147  

210  

3.565  
7.056  

256  

3.029  
6.435  

17.193  

20.467  

1.016  
5  
16.263  
30.059  
0  
84.876  

Distribution by region and income for year 2024 (in EUR millions) 

Region 

LDCS 

LMICS 

UMICS 

UNALLOC 

OTHER_LICS 

Total 

Africa 
America 
Asia 
Europe 
Oceania 
Developing countries, unspecified 
Total 

Graphs Table 16B 

2.644 
51 
854 

9 

3.557 

1.203 
88 
986 
4.877 
36 

7.190 

148 
270 
690 
1.915 
6 

3.029 

1.232 
244 
413 
885 
36 
3.625 
6.435 

5.226 
653 
3.199 
7.677 
87 
3.625 
20.467 

256 

256 

289 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

Disbursed amount per region between 2020 and 2024

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Other

Developing countries

Oceania

Europe

Asia

America

Africa

290 

 
 
 
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

9.000

8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

Disbursed amount per country between 2020 and 2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Central and Eastern European Countries / New Independent
States

Unallocated

Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories

More Advanced Developing Countries

Other Low Income Countries

Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories

Disbursed amount per country 
income group 
in each region in 2024

Africa

America

Asia

Region

Europe

Oceania Developing countries, unspecified

OTHER_LICS
UNALLOC
UMICS
LMICS
LDCS

291 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 17: Breakdown by co-operation modality for 2020 - 2024 

Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Co-operation modality 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

A01 

General budget support 

A02 

Sector budget support 

B01 

Core support to NGOs, other private bodies, PPPs and research institutes 

B02 

Core contributions to multilateral institutions 

B03 

883  

591  

1.032  

1.547  

4.371  

8.425  

988  

575  

945  

456  

462  

3.426  

5  

234  

1  

5  

1  

6  

3  

3  

61  

305  

Contributions to specific-purpose programmes and funds managed by international organisations (multilateral, INGO) 

386  

771  

1.290  

1.317  

444  

4.207  

B04 

Basket funds/pooled funding 

C01 

Project-type interventions 

D01 

Donor country personnel 

D02 

Other technical assistance 

E01 

Scholarships/training in donor country 

G01 

Administrative costs not included elsewhere 

H01 

Development awareness 

- 

Other mechanisms 

Total 

603  

603  

11.116  

12.515  

15.303  

14.092  

16.603  

69.630  

82  

140  

316  

82  

97  

30  

66  

392  

21  

51  

35  

359  

229  

1.018  

771  

881  

951  

988  

1.053  

4.643  

59  

26  

68  

61  

21  

233  

15.583  

15.492  

46  
20.095  

18.535  

23.279  

46  
92.984  

292 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Graphs Table 17 

293 

 
 
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

Committed amount by cooperation modality between 2020 and 2024

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Years

Sector budget support

Scholarships/training in donor country

Project-type interventions

Other technical assistance

Other mechanisms

General budget support

Donor country personnel

Development awareness

Core support to NGOs, other private bodies, PPPs and
research institutes

Core contributions to multilateral institutions

Contributions to specific-purpose programmes and funds
managed by international organisations (multilateral,
INGO)

Basket funds/pooled funding

Administrative costs not included elsewhere

294 

 
 
  
 
Commitments  
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

No 

Table 18: ODA by instrument for 2021 - 2027 

Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Instrument 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

01. NDICI Geo 
02. NDICI Thema 
03. NDICI Other 
04. HUMA 
05. IPA III 
06.Ukraine Facility 
07. Western Balkan Facility 
08. CFSP 
09. INSC 
10. OCT 
11. Admin 
12. Other 
EDF 
Total 

Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

7.298  
2.363  
1.093  
2.196  
1.588  

284  
38  
0  
507  
106  
19  
15.492  

11.360  
1.129  
1.269  
2.496  
2.294  

267  
31  
0  
544  
103  
602  
20.095  

9.386  
2.343  
833  
2.433  
2.485  

334  
45  
0  
578  
99  
0  
18.535  

9.038  
1.025  
1.524  
2.511  
2.128  
4.887  
400  
316  
43  
18  
643  
749  
-2  
23.279  

Instrument 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

01. NDICI Geo 
02. NDICI Thema 
03. NDICI Other 
04. HUMA 
05. IPA III 
06.Ukraine Facility 
07. Western Balkan Facility 
08. CFSP 
09. INSC 

206  
725  
353  
2.448  
46  

271  
1  

3.874  
1.091  
792  
2.445  
435  

278  
4  

4.356  
1.256  
782  
2.495  
1.124  

332  
20  

5.611  
1.015  
899  
2.438  
1.363  
3.637  
0  
316  
26  

37.082  
6.861  
4.718  
9.637  
8.495  
4.887  
400  
1.200  
157  
18  
2.271  
1.056  
619  
77.401  

14.048  
4.087  
2.826  
9.827  
2.967  
3.637  
0  
1.198  
51  

295 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Instrument 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

0  
502  
74  
6.531  
3.231  
14.389  

0  
543  
82  
5.224  
2.379  
17.147  

0  
578  
85  
4.119  
2.045  
17.193  

0  
643  
499  
2.726  
1.294  
20.467  

0  
2.265  
740  
18.600  
8.950  
69.196  

10. OCT 
11. Admin 
12. Other 
Completion Lines 
EDF 
Total 

Graphs Table 18 

Total committed amount in ODA

Disbursed amount in ODA by Instrument

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

Total

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

2021

2022

2023

2024

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Years

Reporting Years

01. NDICI Geo

02. NDICI Thema

03. NDICI Other

04. HUMA

05. IPA III

06.Ukraine Facility

07. Western Balkan
Facility

08. CFSP

09. INSC

10. OCT

11. Admin

12. Other

Completion Lines

296 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Table 19: Breakdown by Management Type - Disbursements in 2024 (in EUR millions) 
I. Budget Support 
Other Management Categories 
Budget Support 
Ukraine 
Morocco 
Tunisia 
Bangladesh 
Tanzania 
Armenia 
Moldova 
Jordan 
Greenland 
Rwanda 
Others 
Total 

II. Third Countries 
Direct or Shared Management 
Indirect Management - Other categories 
Indirect Management - Third Countries 
Türkiye 
Serbia 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Zambia 
Mozambique 
North Macedonia 
Montenegro 
Chad 
Mali 
Tanzania 
Others 
Total 

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

16.862  
4.220  
3.150  
228  
155  
105  
41  
35  
35  
29  
29  
29  
383  
21.081  

12.724  
7.776  
582  
113  
81  
53  
43  
32  
27  
22  
21  
14  
12  
165  
21.081  

297 

 
 
 
  
 
  
 
III. International Organisations 
Direct or Shared Management 
Indirect Management - International Organisations 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME*PROGRAMME ALIMENTAIRE MONDIAL 
EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT*BANQUE EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECONSTRUCTION ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT 
UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND*LE FFONDS DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ENFANCE 
EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK*BANQUE EUROPEENNE D INVESTISSEMENT 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION 
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME*PROGRAMME DES NATIONS UNIES POURLE DEVELOPPEMENT 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES*HAUT COMMISSARIAT DES NATIONS UNIES POUR LES REFUGIES 
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION*ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES 
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT 
THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS*ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE 
Others 
Indirect Management - Other categories 
Total 

United Nations 
International Financial Institutions 
Other International Organisations 

Total of Indirect Management - International Organisations 

IV. Agencies 
Direct or Shared Management 
Indirect Management - Other categories 
Indirect Management - MS/Non-MS Agencies 
DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR INTERNATIONALE  ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GIZ) GMBH 
KREDITANSTALT FUR WIEDERAUFBAU* 
AGENCE FRANCAISE DE DEVELOPPEMENT 
EXPERTISE FRANCE 
ENABEL, BELGISCH ONTWIKKELINGSAGENTSCHAP*ENABEL, AGENCE BELGE DE DEVELOPPEMENT 
NEDERLANDSE FINANCIERINGS-MAATSCHAPPIJ VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSLANDEN NV 
FUNDACION INTERNACIONAL Y PARA IBEROAMERICA DE ADMINISTRACION Y POLITICAS PUBLICAS*ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICIES 
CIVIPOL 
DEUTSCHER AKADEMISCHER AUSTAUSCHDIENST EV*DAAD GERMAN ACADEMIC EXCHANGE SERVICE 
SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTCOOPERATION AGENCY SIDA* 
Others 
Total 

12.724  
5.238  
481  
477  
476  
444  
427  
326  
297  
269  
261  
186  
1.594  
3.120  
21.081  

3.138  
1.361  
740  

5.238  

12.724  
6.195  
2.163  
518  
360  
305  
249  
103  
57  
52  
49  
33  
32  
405  
21.081  

298 

 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
Graphs Table 19 

Budget Support - Disbursements

20%

80%

Other Management
Categories

Budget Support

299 

 
 
 
 
 
Indirect Management - Disbursements

7%

27%

Indirect Mgt. - Int. Org.

Indirect Mgt. - MS/Non-MS
Agencies

Indirect Mgt. - Benef. Country

66%

300 

 
 
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 20: Disbursements - Breakdown by forms of Union Funding as defined in Articles 41 and 27 NDICI (in EUR millions) 

NDICI 

Other Instruments 

NDICI Direct 
or Shared 
Management 

NDICI Indirect 
Management 

NDICI Total 

Grants 
Budget Support 
Others 
Administrative Expenditures 
Procurement Contracts 

Services 
Of which: Blending 
Works 
Supplies 

Of which: Blending 

Financial Instruments 

Remunerated External Experts (Individual Experts) 
Contribution & Delegation Agreements 

Of which: Blending 

Program Estimates 
Contribution to EU Trust Funds 

Total 

1.941  
949  
670  
627  
266  
265  
0  
0  
0  
18  
0  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
4.473  

2  
0  
0  
627  
3  
0  
0  
3  
0  
109  
109  
2  
0  
131  
1  
0  
3.290  

1.943  
949  
670  
0  
269  
266  
0  
3  
0  
127  
109  
0  
3.175  
131  
1  
0  
7.763  

Other 
Instruments 
Direct or 
Shared 
Management 
2.358  
3.271  
1.071  
627  
521  
443  
0  
16  
61  
0  
0  
2  
3.175  
0  
0  
0  
8.251  

Other  
Instruments 
Indirect 
Management 

Other  
Instruments 
Total 

Direct or 
Shared 
Management 
MFF H6 

61  
0  
0  
795  
247  
77  
0  
160  
10  
82  
82  
1  
0  
484  
25  
234  
5.068  

2.419  
3.271  
1.071  
0  
767  
520  
0  
176  
71  
82  
82  
0  
4.652  
484  
25  
0  
13.319  

4.299  
4.220  
1.741  
795  
786  
709  
0  
16  
61  
18  
0  
1  
4.652  
0  
0  
234  
12.724  

Total 

Indirect 
Management 
MFF H6 

Total MFF H6 

63  
0  
0  
1.422  
250  
77  
0  
163  
10  
191  
191  
4  
0  
615  
26  
234  
8.358  

4.362  
4.220  
1.741  
0  
1.036  
786  
0  
179  
72  
209  
191  
0  
7.827  
615  
26  
0  
21.081  

301 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Table 21: Disbursements related to the previous MFF 

Disbursements Completion Lines (in EUR millions) 

Instruments 

2021 

2022 

2023 

2024 

Total 

DCI 
EIDHR 
ENI 
Greenland 
IcSP 
INSC 
IPA II 
PI-ICI+ 
Total 

2.245  
129  
1.767  
6  
234  
16  
2.146  
114  
6.658  

1.783  
70  
1.561  

129  
15  
1.655  
83  
5.297  

1.482  
53  
1.236  
0  
127  
21  
1.242  
79  
4.241  

1.016  
21  
702  
1  
51  
15  
915  
51  
2.771  

6.526  
274  
5.266  
7  
541  
67  
5.959  
327  
18.967  

302 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 22A: Number of contributing programmes per SDG for 2024 – Commitments (in EUR millions) 

SDG Contribution 

Main SDG 

Significant SDG 

SDG 1 
SDG 2 
SDG 3 
SDG 4 
SDG 5 
SDG 6 
SDG 7 
SDG 8 
SDG 9 
SDG 10 
SDG 11 
SDG 12 
SDG 13 
SDG 14 
SDG 15 
SDG 16 
SDG 17 

No poverty 
Zero hunger 
Good health and well-being 
Quality education 
Gender equality 
Clean water and sanitation 
Affordable and clean energy 
Decent work and economic growth 
Industry, innovation and infrastructure 
Reduced inequalities 
Sustainable cities and communities 
Responsible consumption and production 
Climate action 
Life below water 
Life on land 
Peace, justice and strong institutions 
Partnerships for the goals 

4.203  
545  
782  
1.096  
150  
273  
360  
5.479  
1.685  
1.684  
258  
64  
571  
121  
383  
2.827  
3.137  
23.618  

 TOTAL 

2.440  
3.619  
3.460  
1.747  
13.571  
3.903  
6.453  
5.443  
7.552  
4.566  
3.639  
2.086  
8.951  
429  
1.686  
6.017  
4.507  
80.067  

303 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 22A 

Amount committed per SDG in 2024

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

16.000

14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

SDG 1

SDG 2

SDG 3

SDG 4

SDG 5

SDG 6

SDG 7

SDG 8

SDG 9

SDG 10

SDG 11

SDG 12

SDG 13

SDG 14

SDG 15

SDG 16

SDG 17

304 

 
 
  
 
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Table 22B: Number of contributing programmes per SDG for 2024 – Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

SDG Contribution 

Main SDG 

Significant SDG 

SDG 1 
SDG 2 
SDG 3 
SDG 4 
SDG 5 
SDG 6 
SDG 7 
SDG 8 
SDG 9 
SDG 10 
SDG 11 
SDG 12 
SDG 13 
SDG 14 
SDG 15 
SDG 16 
SDG 17 

No poverty 
Zero hunger 
Good health and well-being 
Quality education 
Gender equality 
Clean water and sanitation 
Affordable and clean energy 
Decent work and economic growth 
Industry, innovation and infrastructure 
Reduced inequalities 
Sustainable cities and communities 
Responsible consumption and production 
Climate action 
Life below water 
Life on land 
Peace, justice and strong institutions 
Partnerships for the goals 

2.197  
1.124  
1.321  
1.509  
132  
581  
632  
4.624  
1.226  
1.108  
264  
55  
598  
64  
259  
2.484  
2.903  
21.081  

 TOTAL 

3.501  
2.254  
2.510  
1.686  
11.097  
2.741  
4.533  
2.741  
4.896  
2.938  
1.696  
891  
6.257  
238  
758  
4.511  
1.890  
55.139  

305 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Graphs Table 22B 

Amount disbursed per SDG in 2024

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

SDG 1

SDG 2

SDG 3

SDG 4

SDG 5

SDG 6

SDG 7

SDG 8

SDG 9

SDG 10

SDG 11

SDG 12

SDG 13

SDG 14

SDG 15

SDG 16

SDG 17

306 

 
 
  
 
 
 
Table TF1: Overview of incoming contributions (disbursements from contributors in EUR millions) 

Trust Fund Africa 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Trust Fund Madad 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Total Trust Funds 
Contribution received from Commission (Annual Budget + EDF) 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contributions received from Non-Member States 

Cumulative previous Years 
4.753 

Current Year (2024) 
157 

310  

121  

2.292  

7.476  

978  
3.152  
592  
31  

72  
148  
89  
1  

84  
0  
37  
0  

2.030  
0  
238  
25  

6.464  
956  
57  

0  

5  

73  

234  

67  
90  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

5  
0  
0  
0  

73  
0  
0  
0  

234  
0  
0  

Total 
4.910 

310  

126  

2.365  

7.710  

1.044  
3.242  
592  
31  

72  
148  
89  
1  

89  
0  
37  
0  

2.102  
0  
238  
25  

6.698  
956  
57  

307 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table TF1 

Disbursed amount from incoming contributions cumulated (in EUR millions)

2.292

121

310

Trust Fund Africa

Trust fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust fund Madad

4.753

308 

 
 
 
Disbursed amount from incoming contributions in 2024 (in EUR millions)

73

5

0

157

Trust Fund Africa

Trust fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust fund Madad

309 

 
 
 
 
 
Table TF2A: Overview of committed and disbursed amounts 

Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Trust Fund Africa 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Trust Fund Madad 

Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Trust Fund Africa 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Trust Fund Madad 

Cumulative Previous Years 

Current Year (2024) 

Total 

5.440  
333  
139  
2.434  
8.346  

24  
3  
1  
0  
27  

Cumulative Previous Years 

Current Year (2024) 

Total 

4.612  
283  
119  
2.265  
7.280  

Decommitments (for information; in EUR millions) 

Cumulative Previous Years 

Current Year (2024) 

Trust Fund Africa 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Trust Fund Madad 

-387  
-27  
-6  
-52  
-471  

178  
7  
4  
82  
271  

-17  
-1  
-1  
-3  
-21  

Total 

5.464  
336  
140  
2.434  
8.373  

4.790  
290  
122  
2.347  
7.550  

-404  
-28  
-6  
-55  
-492  

310 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table TF2A 

Commitments

Disbursements

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Trust Fund Madad

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust Fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Africa

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

800

600

400

200

0

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Year

Reporting Year

Trust Fund Madad

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust Fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Africa

311 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table TF2B: Proportion of Trust Funds assistance used for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2024 

Commitments (in EUR millions) 

Trust Funds assistance 

ODA 

Non-ODA ** 

Trust Fund Africa 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Trust Fund Madad 

Disbursements (in EUR millions) 

Trust Funds assistance 

Trust Fund Africa 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Trust Fund Madad 

Total 

Total 

ODA 

24  
3  
1  
0  
27  

178  
7  
4  
82  
270  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

Non-ODA ** 

** The non-ODA part of the Trust Fund Africa is entirely funded by the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME) under Heading IV of 
the EU Budget. Therefore, the part of the Trust Fund Africa funded by other financial sources (including EU Budget Heading VI, the EDF and EU Member 
States contributions) is 100% ODA eligible. 

312 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Table TF3A: Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Africa 

Sector 

Sahel region and Lake 
Chad area 

Horn of Africa 

North of Africa 

Regional and Other 

Total Africa  

100 - Social infrastructure and services 

110 - Education 

11110 - Education policy and administrative 

management 

11120 - Education facilities and training 
11220 - Primary education 
11330 - Vocational training 

120 - Health 

12220 - Basic health care 
12240 - Basic nutrition 

130 - Population policies/programmes and 

reproductive health 

13010 - Population policy and 

administrative management 

140 - Water and sanitation 

14010 - Water sector policy and 

administrative management 

14020 - Water supply and sanitation - large 

systems 

14021 - Water supply - large systems 

150 - Government and civil society 

15110 - Public sector policy and 

administrative management 

15112 - Decentralisation and support to 

subnational government 

15130 - Legal and judicial development 
15150 - Democratic participation and civil 

society 

15160 - Human rights 
15170 - Women's rights organisations and 

movements, and government institutions 

15190 - Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular 

and responsible migration and mobility 

15210 - Security system management and 

reform 

Commitments 

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

Disbursements 
59  
3  

0  
0  
0  
3  
0  
0  
0  

2  

2  
1  

1  

0  
0  
44  

2  

0  
23  

0  
2  

0  

5  

3  

Commitments 

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

Disbursements 
46  
5  

0  
5  
0  
0  
19  
13  
6  

1  

1  
2  

0  

2  
0  
11  

2  

0  
0  

1  
0  

4  

0  

1  

Commitments 

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

Disbursements 
21  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
21  

11  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

10  

0  

Commitments 

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

Disbursements 
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

0  

0  

Commitments 

1  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
1  

0  

0  
0  

0  
0  

0  

1  

0  

Disbursements 
127  
8  

0  
5  
0  
3  
19  
13  
6  

3  

3  
3  

1  

2  
0  
76  

16  

0  
23  

1  
2  

4  

15  

4  

313 

 
 
 
 
  
Sector 

Sahel region and Lake 
Chad area 

Horn of Africa 

North of Africa 

Regional and Other 

Total Africa  

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

15220 - Civilian peace-building, conflict 

prevention and resolution 

160 - Other social infrastructure and services 

16010 - Social protection 
16020 - Employment creation 
16050 - Multisector aid for basic social 

services 
200 - Economic infrastructure and services 

210 - Transport and storage 

21020 - Road transport 

220 - Communications 

22010 - Communications policy and 

administrative management 

22040 - Information and communication 

technology (ICT) 

250 - Business and other services 

25010 - Business Policy and Administration 
25030 - Business development services 

300 - Production sectors 

310 - Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

31120 - Agricultural development 
31320 - Fishery development 
320 - Industry, mineral resources and mining, 

construction 

32130 - Small and medium-sized enterprises 

(SME) development 
400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting 

410 - General environmental protection 
41010 - Environmental policy and 

administrative management 

430 - Other multisector 

management 

43010 - Multisector aid 
43030 - Urban development and 

43040 - Rural development 
43072 - Household food security 

programmes 
500 - Commodity aid and general programme assistance 
520 - Developmental food assistance 
52010 - Food assistance 

700 - Humanitarian aid 

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

9  
9  
1  
1  

8  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
4  
4  
2  
2  

1  

1  
1  
0  

0  
1  
1  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

2  
8  
4  
1  

2  
6  
5  
5  
0  

0  

0  
1  
1  
0  
2  
1  
1  
0  

1  

1  
8  
1  

1  
7  
1  

5  
1  

0  
1  
1  
1  
2  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
5  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
5  
3  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
7  
0  

0  
7  
1  

7  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  
0  

0  
0  

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

11  
17  
5  
2  

10  
11  
5  
5  
0  

0  

0  
5  
4  
1  
6  
4  
2  
2  

2  

2  
16  
1  

1  
15  
2  

11  
1  

0  
1  
1  
1  
2  

314 

 
 
  
Sector 

Sahel region and Lake 
Chad area 

Horn of Africa 

North of Africa 

Regional and Other 

Total Africa  

730 - Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

73010 - Immediate post-emergency 

reconstruction and rehabilitation 
900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / 
Unspecified 

910 - Administrative costs of donors 

91010 - Administrative costs (non-sector 

allocable) 

998 - Unallocated / Unspecified 

99810 - Sectors not specified 

Commitments 

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

Disbursements 
0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
65  

Commitments 

0  

0  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
0  

Disbursements 
2  

2  

0  

0  

0  
0  
0  
63  

Commitments 

0  

0  

1  

1  

1  
0  
0  
1  

Disbursements 
0  

0  

1  

1  

1  
0  
0  
34  

Commitments 

0  

0  

22  

22  

22  
0  
0  
22  

Disbursements 
0  

0  

15  

15  

15  
0  
0  
15  

Commitments 

0  

0  

23  

23  

23  
0  
0  
23  

Disbursements 
2  

2  

16  

16  

16  
0  
0  
178  

Graphs Table TF3A 

315 

 
 
  
 
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Committed amount by sector 

100 - Social infrastructure and services

200 - Economic infrastructure and services

300 - Production sectors

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

500 - Commodity aid and general programme
assistance

600 - Action relating to debt

700 - Humanitarian aid

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors /
Unallocated / Unspecified

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

N/A - Not Available

Reporting Year

316 

 
 
 
 
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Disbursed amount by sector 

100 - Social infrastructure and services

200 - Economic infrastructure and services

300 - Production sectors

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

500 - Commodity aid and general programme
assistance

600 - Action relating to debt

700 - Humanitarian aid

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors /
Unallocated / Unspecified

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

N/A - Not Available

Reporting Year

317 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table TF3B: Regional breakdown of Trust Fund Africa (in EUR millions) 

Countries 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Chad 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Kenya 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Somalia 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Uganda 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Not available 
                  Not available 

23  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
22  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
22  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0 
0 

178  
9  
9  
33  
7  
14  
6  
5  
1  
135  
3  
1  
0  
3  
0  
0  
5  
0  
2  
0  
0  
2  
27  
5  
5  
0  
0  
3  
12  
25  
7  
28  
5  
0  
0  
0  
0 
0 

318 

 
 
 
 
- 

Graphs Table TF3B 

0 
24  

0 
178  

319 

 
 
 
 
Committed amount by region 

Disbursed amount by region 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Year

Reporting Year

Not Available

Developing countries, unspecified

Not Available

Developing countries, unspecified

Africa (South of Sahara)

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa

Africa

320 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Table TF4: Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Bêkou (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

100 - Social infrastructure and services 

110 - Education 

11330 - Vocational training 

120 - Health 

12220 - Basic health care 

140 - Water and sanitation 

14031 - Basic drinking water supply 

150 - Government and civil society 

15110 - Public sector policy and administrative management 
15153 - Media and free flow of information 
15170 - Women's rights organisations and movements, and government institutions 
15180 - Ending violence against women and girls 

200 - Economic infrastructure and services 
250 - Business and other services 

25030 - Business development services 

300 - Production sectors 

310 - Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

31120 - Agricultural development 
31150 - Agricultural inputs 

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

910 - Administrative costs of donors 

91010 - Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

998 - Unallocated / Unspecified 

Total 

99820 - Promotion of development awareness (non-sector allocable) 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
3  
3  
3  
0  
0  
3  

4  
3  
3  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
2  
2  
2  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
7  

321 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table TF4 

Committed amount by sector since 2020

Disbursed amount by sector since 2020

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Year

Reporting Year

100 - Social infrastructure and services

200 - Economic infrastructure and services

300 - Production sectors

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

700 - Humanitarian aid

100 - Social infrastructure and services

200 - Economic infrastructure and services

300 - Production sectors

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

700 - Humanitarian aid

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

322 

 
 
  
 
 
 
323 

 
 
 
 
Table TF5: Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Colombia (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

100 - Social infrastructure and services 

150 - Government and civil society 

15220 - Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution 

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting 

430 - Other multisector 

43040 - Rural development 

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

910 - Administrative costs of donors 

91010 - Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

Total 

Graphs Table TF5 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
1  
1  
1  
1  

Committed amount by sector since 2020

Disbursed amount by sector since 2020

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Year

Reporting Year

100 - Social infrastructure and services

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

100 - Social infrastructure and services

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

2  
2  
2  
1  
1  
1  
1  
1  
1  
4  

324 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
325 

 
 
 
 
Table TF6: Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Madad (in EUR millions) 

Sector 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

100 - Social infrastructure and services 

110 - Education 

11110 - Education policy and administrative management 
11120 - Education facilities and training 
11420 - Higher education 

120 - Health 

12220 - Basic health care 

140 - Water and sanitation 

14010 - Water sector policy and administrative management 
14020 - Water supply and sanitation - large systems 
14050 - Waste management /disposal 

150 - Government and civil society 

15180 - Ending violence against women and girls 

160 - Other social infrastructure and services 

16010 - Social protection 
16020 - Employment creation 

300 - Production sectors 

310 - Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

31120 - Agricultural development 

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting 
430 - Other multisector 

43010 - Multisector aid 

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

910 - Administrative costs of donors 

91010 - Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

998 - Unallocated / Unspecified 

99810 - Sectors not specified 

Total 

0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  

74  
22  
15  
6  
1  
7  
7  
18  
4  
8  
6  
2  
2  
25  
21  
4  
7  
7  
7  
1  
1  
1  
0  
0  
0  
0  
0  
82  

326 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table TF6 

Committed amount by sector since 2020

Disbursed amount by sector since 2020

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
R
U
E

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Reporting Year

Reporting Year

100 - Social infrastructure and services

300 - Production sectors

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

100 - Social infrastructure and services

300 - Production sectors

400 - Multisector/Cross-cutting

500 - Commodity aid and general programme assistance

500 - Commodity aid and general programme assistance

700 - Humanitarian aid

700 - Humanitarian aid

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

900 - Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

327 

 
 
  
 
 
 
328 

 
 
 
 
Table 3A BIS: General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG - Commitments(153)  

Commitments 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Commitments - Regular Contribution 

Type of Aid 

DGs 

ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 

ODA 

ODA Total 
Non-ODA 

Non-ODA 

Non-ODA Total 
Total Regular 
Contribution 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO  
FPI ECFIN 
AGRI  
CLIMA 
ECFIN 
ENV 
REGIO 
Other DGs 
Commission's 
administration 
- 
All 
Commission's 
administration 
- 

- 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 
5.730 
2.357 

2 

149 

110 
371 

2. NDICI Thema 

766 
59 

171 

17 

11 

0 

8.720 
94 

1.025 
8 

94 

8 

10 
2.498 

319 
1.523 
29 

4 
32 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 
149 
804 

251 

4. 
HUMA 

2.487 

5. 
IPA 
III 

1.752 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 
4 
4.730 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
0 
398 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

39 

17 

158 

6 

71 
77 

57 
2.120 
0 

0 
0 

4 

1 

4.737 

400 

314 

1 
315 
73 

0 
73 

3 

1 
43 

23 
11 
2 
0 
58 
1 
57 
4 
11 
11 

179 
72 

72 

-2 

-2 

6.727 
10.110 
2.489 
739 
216 
18 
212 
15 
193 
467 

1.009 
22.196 
329 

5 
334 

620 
620 

620 

251 

-2 

22.530 

0 
18 
53 

1 
54 

72 

8.814 

1.033 

1.556 

2.498 

2.121 

4.737 

400 

389 

43 

153 Table 3A BIS to 4 BIS below duplicate tables 3A to 4 above in a way that has been specifically adapted to be machine-readable. Work is in progress for some other tables 
that may not be fully machine-readable yet.  

329 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Commitments – Cofinancing 

Type of Aid 

DGs 

ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 

ODA 

ODA Total 
Non-ODA 

Non-ODA 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO  
Other DGs  
Commission's 
administration 

All 
Commission's 
administration 

Non-ODA Total 
Total Cofinancing 

- 

Commitments 

1. NDICI 
Geo 

2. NDICI Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF  Total 

302 
6 

11 

318 
3 

3 
322 

13 

0 
14 

14 

4 

4 
8 

0 
0 
8 

0 
0 
2 

0 
2 
2 

150 

150 

150 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 

569 

570 

23 
23 

23 

570 

302 
157 
13 
584 

28 
1.083 
5 

0 
5 
1.088 

Total by Instrument 

Total Commitments 

1. NDICI 
Geo 

2. NDICI 
Thema 

9.135 

1.033 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 
1.558 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

2.511 

2.129 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 
4.887 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
400 

8. 
CFSP 

389 

9. 
INS
C 
43 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

EDF 

Total 

72 

643 

821 

-2 

23.618 

330 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Table 3B BIS: General EU budget for External Action in 2024 by DG – Disbursements  

Disbursements - Regular Contribution 

Type of Aid 

DGs 

ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 

ODA 

ODA Total 
Non-ODA 

Non-ODA 

Non-ODA Total 
Total Regular 
Contribution 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO 
FPI  
AGRI  
CLIMA 
ECFIN 
ENV 
REGIO 
Other DGs 
Commission's 
administration 
- 
All 
Commission's 
administration 
- 

- 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 
2.763 
2.140 
0 

279 

79 
231 

2. NDICI Thema 

818 
48 

127 

7 

15 

0 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 
17 
333 

219 

4. 
HUMA 

2.413 

5. 
IPA 
III 
3 
1.170 
0 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 
1 
3.630 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 

59 

6 

5 
55 

3 

3.634 

5.492 
150 

1.015 
27 

150 

27 

329 
898 
51 

10 
61 

10 
2.424 
3 

56 
1.354 
23 

0 
3 

1 
23 

5.643 

1.042 

959 

2.427 

1.377 

3.634 

1 

1 

1 

Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

23 

0 

315 

1 
316 
76 

0 
76 

3 

1 
26 
0 

0 
0 

392 

26 

0 
0 
52 

1 
54 

54 

28 
5 
1 
0 

1 
28 
4 

16 

83 
61 

61 

1.287 

993 
1.476 
1 
76 
36 
3 

0 
82 
33 

2.701 
45 

1.287 
111 

45 

111 

5.934 
8.802 
2.416 
737 
95 
11 
313 
18 
165 
341 

1.019 
19.851 
602 

12 
614 

621 
621 

621 

144 

2.746 

1.399 

20.464 

331 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
Disbursements - Cofinancing 

Type of Aid 

DGs 

ODA 
ODA 
ODA 
ODA 

ODA 

ODA Total 

Non-ODA 

Non-ODA Total 
Total Cofinancing 

Disbursements 

INTPA 
NEAR 
ECHO 
Other DGs 
Commission's 
administration 
- 
All 
Commission's 
administration 
- 
- 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 
110 

9 

119 

119 

2. NDICI Thema 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 

4. 
HUMA 

5. 
IPA 
III 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

14 

0 
15 

0 
0 
15 

4 

5 
9 

0 
0 
9 

1 
1 

0 
0 
1 

3 

3 

3 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

15 
9 

1 

25 
0 

0 
25 

7 

7 

7 

132 
12 
14 
429 

29 
617 
0 

0 
0 
617 

416 

416 

23 
23 

23 

416 

External Action 

Total Disbursements 

1. 
NDICI 
Geo 
5.761 

2. NDICI 
Thema 

1.042 

3. 
NDICI 
Other 
960 

4. 
HUMA 

5. IPA 
III 

2.442 

1.386 

6. 
Ukraine 
Facility 
3.637 

7. 
Western 
Balkan 
1 

8. 
CFSP 

9. 
INSC 

10. 
OCT 

11. 
Admin 

12. 
Other 

Completion 
Lines 

EDF 

Total 

393 

26 

54 

643 

560 

2.771 

1.405 

21.081 

332 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Disbursements 

Budget INTPA 

Budget Non INTPA 

EDF 

ODA 

No 

No 

Yes 

Non-ODA 

No 

No 

Yes 

Table 4 BIS: European Development Fund (EDF) in 2024 

Cotonou 

Aid 

Cofinancing 

Cofinancing 

Cofinancing Total 

Regular Contribution 

Regular Contribution 

Regular Contribution 

Regular Contribution 

Regular Contribution 

Regular Contribution Total 

Cotonou Total 

EDF Total 

Instrument 

A Envelope 

Intra-ACP allocations 

Total of all instruments - 

A Envelope 

Regional allocations 

Intra-ACP allocations 

B Envelope 

Implementation costs 

Total of all instruments - 

- 

- 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Total 

5 

 1 

7 

725 

289 

248 

15 

10 

1.287 

1.294 

1.294 

5 

15 

88 

0 

3 

111 

111 

111 

5 

1 

7 

731 

304 

336 

16 

13 

1.399 

1.405 

1.405 

333 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
9. Financing and investment  operations covered by the  EFSD+ external 

action guarantee 

Chapter 5.2.3. of this report gives an overview of the EU’s use of financial instruments supported by the 
External Action Guarantee (EAG) under the European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+).  

Background: 

The EAG was established by Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – 
Global Europe Regulation (NDICI-Global Europe), adopted on 9 June 2021. NDICI-Global Europe unifies 
grants,  blending  and  guarantees,  which  allows  the  EU  to  strategically  promote  public  and  private 
investment  worldwide  in  support  to  sustainable  development  through  the  EFSD+.  Investments  are 
backed by an up to EUR 53.4 billion EAG. 

The  EU’s focus  is  to  invest  in  projects  that will contribute  to  its  global  ambitions:  the  Global  Gateway 
strategy, the Green Deal, and jobs and sustainable and inclusive growth. The EFSD+ will also be key to 
rebuild and reconstruct Ukraine, in line with building back better principles. 

Per NDICI-Global Europe, around half of  the EAG (an indicative amount of EUR 26.7  billion) should be 
implemented  by  the  European  Investment  Bank  (EIB),  mostly  for  sovereign  and  non-commercial  sub-
sovereign operations. By end-2024, two EIB dedicated investment windows are signed and operational: 
investment  window  1  (operations  with  sovereign  and  non-commercial  sub-sovereign  counterparts 
available  to  all  eligible  regions(154))  and  investment  window  4  (EFSD+  guarantees  enabling  the  EIB  to 
provide  blending  support  for  the  private  sector  in the  countries  of  Sub-Saharan  Africa,  Caribbean  and 
the Pacific). 

The  rest  of  the  EFSD+  budgetary  guarantees  will  be  implemented  through  the  ‘Open  Architecture’ 
windows for commercial sub-sovereign and private sector operations across all DG INTPA and DG NEAR 
regions, which are open to other Pillar-Assessed financial institutions. In 2022, a call for proposals was 
launched under the Open Architecture, the first under the current Multiannual Financial Framework. 

The tables in this annex show the deployment of the EFSD+ budgetary guarantees by end 2024. 

Tables  1  and  2  below  show  the  list  of  covered operations  signed  under the  EIB  dedicated  investment 
windows.  Further  information  including  contribution  to  NDICI-Global  Europe  objectives,  additionality, 
and leverage effect achieved is available on the individual operation pages on the EIB website(155). 

Table  3  shows  the  list  of  signed  guarantee  programmes  under  the  Open  Architecture.  Detailed 
information on each programme is published in June each year as part of the draft budget, in Working 
Document XI(156). The report provides information on operational, financial and risk aspects of budgetary 
guarantees,  including  leverage,  multiplier,  amounts  transferred  to  final  recipients,  number  of  final 
recipients, investments made by final recipients, private sector resources mobilised. The contribution of 

154 https://www.eib.org/en/products/mandates-partnerships/ndici/index  
155https://www.eib.org/en/projects/all/index.htm?q=&sortColumn=statusDate&sortDir=desc&pageNumber=0&itemPerPage=2
5&pageable=true&la=EN&deLa=EN&yearFrom=&orYearFrom=true&yearTo=&orYearTo=true&orStatus=true&orRegions=true&
countries=CV&orCountries=true&orSectors=true https://www.eib.org/en/projects/all   
156https://commission.europa.eu/publications_en?f%5B0%5D=oe_publication_title%3ADraft%20document%20XI  

334 

 
 
 
the  guarantees  as  a  whole  to  the  policy  objectives  of  the  EFSD  and  EFSD+  and  NDICI-Global  Europe 
regulations is also covered. 

335 

 
 
 
Table 1: EIB investment window 1 covered operations 

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

NEAR 

EGYPT FOOD RESILIENCE (12) 

EPS GREEN FINANCING 

NEAR 

INTPA 

NEAR 

INTPA 

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL UPGRADE II 

CLEAN OCEANS INITIATIVE GRAND NOKOUE 
BENIN 

Serbia 

Benin 

Egypt 

Serbia 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Western 
Balkans 

Neighbourhood 
South 

31/12/2024 

 90.0  

Western Balkans 

27/12/2024 

 100.0  

Western 
Balkans 

Western Balkans 

23/12/2024 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  23/12/2024 

 35.5  

 50.0  

 25.0  

ATIDI MEMBERSHIP INCREASE COTE D IVOIRE  Côte d'Ivoire  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/12/2024 

INTPA 

ASPIRE-AT 

INTPA 

BISSAU-ZIGUINCHOR TAH-7 RESILIENT ROAD 
CORRIDOR 

Cambodia 

South and East 
Asia 

Asia and Pacific 

20/12/2024 

 60.0  

Guinea-Bissau  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  17/12/2024 

 105.0  

INTPA 

GLOBAL GATEWAY NATURE GUARANTEE 

Barbados 

Caribbean 

NEAR 

ARMENIA SISIAN-KAJARAN ROAD PROJECT 

Armenia 

Neighbourhood 
East 

Americas and the 
Caribbean 
Neighbourhood 
East 

25/11/2024 

 142.9  

12/11/2024 

 236.0  

INTPA 

NEAR 

NEAR 

INTPA 

NEAR 

PROGRAMME DE RESTAURATION DURABLE 
DES FORETS 
MOROCCO POST-EARTHQUAKE 
RECONSTRUCTION 
MOLDOVA FOREST DEVELOPMENT 
PROGRAMME 
Cape Verde Blue Economy Sustainable Ports 
Framework Loan  
JORDAN WATER SECURITY AND CLIMATE 
ADAPTATION 

Côte d'Ivoire  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  11/11/2024 

 150.0  

Morocco 

Moldova 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

01/10/2024 

 500.0  

17/09/2024 

 200.0  

Cabo Verde 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  02/09/2024 

 114.0  

Jordan 

Neighbourhood 
South 

Neighbourhood 
South 

18/07/2024 

 400.0  

336 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

NEAR 

SMART METERING 

NEAR 

CORRIDOR SFAX KASSERINE  

NEAR 

UKRAINE RECOVERY III FRAMEWORK LOAN 
(11) 

Serbia 

Tunisia 

Ukraine 

NEAR 

MONTENEGRO RAILWAYS REHABILITATION 

Montenegro 

INTPA 

BHUTAN HYDRO AND SOLAR ENERGY 
FACILITY 

NEAR 

VORE HANI I HOTIT RAILWAY LINE 

NEAR 

KEK SOLAR PV – GLOBAL GATEWAY 

NEAR 

TUNISIE RELANCE ÉCONOMIQUE 

Bhutan 

Albania 

Kosovo 

Tunisia 

NEAR 

 NORTH EAST RAMALLAH WASTEWATER 

Palestine** 

Egypt 

Tunisia 

NEAR 

NEAR 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

GREEN SUSTAINABILITY INSDUSTRY PROJECT, 
GSI 
STEG - TUNISIA ITALY POWER 
INTERCONNECTION 
NIGERIA ACCESS TO AGRI MARKETS 
FRAMEWORK LOAN 
ALIMENTATION EN EAU POTABLE NORD DU 
BENIN 
ASSAINISSEMENT PLUVIAL DE VILLES DU 
BENIN II 
CAPE VERDE GREEN ENERGY FL 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 
Western 
Balkans 
South and East 
Asia 
Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Western Balkans 

28/06/2024 

 80.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

13/06/2024 

 210.0  

11/06/2024 

 100.0  

Western Balkans 

27/05/2024 

 40.0  

Asia and Pacific 

17/04/2024 

 150.0  

Western Balkans 

20/03/2024 

 100.0  

Western Balkans 

18/03/2024 

 33.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 

16/01/2024 

 170.0  

10/01/2024 

 19.9  

31/12/2023 

 135.0  

30/12/2023 

 45.0  

Nigeria 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 150.0  

Benin 

Benin 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 62.0  

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 70.0  

Cabo Verde 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 120.0  

337 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

INTPA 

MONGOLIA DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY 
URBAN CENTRES 

Mongolia 

NEAR 

INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE FORESTS 

Morocco 

South and East 
Asia 
Neighbourhood 
South 

INTPA 

ECUADOR-PERU POWER INTERCONNECTION 

Ecuador 

Americas 

NEAR 

CORRIDOR VIII RAIL - MEASTERN SECTION MK 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA SOLIDARITY LANES  

North 
Macedonia 

Moldova 

NEAR 

AQABA-AMMAN WATER DESALINATION & 
CONVEYANCE 

Jordan 

NEAR 

YEREVAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY PHASE II  

Armenia 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
East 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

Asia and Pacific 

29/12/2023 

 44.9  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Americas and the 
Caribbean 

29/12/2023 

 100.0  

28/12/2023 

 112.5  

Western Balkans 

18/12/2023 

 175.0  

Neighbourhood 
East 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

15/12/2023 

 41.2  

03/12/2023 
12/12/2022 

 100.0  
 200.0  

29/11/2023 

 25.0  

NEAR 

EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION 
FRAMEWORK LOAN 

Turkiye 

Türkiye 

Türkiye 

15/11/2023 

 400.0  

INTPA 

BANGLADESH RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITY 

Bangladesh 

South and East 
Asia 

INTPA 

PROVINCIAL AGRICULTURAL SERVICES 
PROGRAMME FL 

Argentina 

Americas 

NEAR 

WINDFARM VLASIC (3) 

BiH 

NEAR 

ROAD REHABILITATION AND SAFETY (10) 

Serbia 

NEAR 

NEAR 

DBNM LOAN FOR SMES MID-CAPS AND 
GREEN TRANSITION 
MODERNISATION ETABLISSEMENTS 
SCOLAIRES II 

North 
Macedonia 

Tunisia 

Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Asia and Pacific 

25/10/2023 

 350.0  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

22/10/2023 

 150.0  

Western Balkans 

19/10/2023 

 36.0  

Western Balkans 

06/10/2023 

 85.0  

Western Balkans 

24/07/2023 

 100.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

10/07/2023 

 40.0  

338 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

INTPA 

DJIBOUTI WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER 
TREATMENT 

Djibouti 

NEAR 

SARAJEVO URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT (2) 

BiH 

NEAR 

BANJA LUKA MEDICAL COMPLEX 

BiH 

East and 
Central Africa 
Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 

INTPA 

ARGENTINA - INTEGRATED WASTE 
MANAGEMENT FL  

Argentina 

Americas 

NEAR 

SERBIAN EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE FL 

Serbia 

INTPA 

93197 SAO TOME WATER SUPPLY 

São Tomé and 
Príncipe 

Western 
Balkans 
East and 
Central Africa 

INTPA 

TRANSMISSION NETWORK INVESTMENTS FL 

Argentina 

Americas 

INTPA 

BICE ARGENTINA - GREEN MBIL 

Argentina 

Americas 

INTPA 

CONGO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION 

NEAR 

CONNECTED SCHOOLS IN SERBIA (7) 

NEAR 

NEAR 

FAYOUM WASTEWATER EXPANSION PROJECT 
(8) 
STEG PROGRAMME TRANSPORT ET 
DISTRIBUTION (4) 

Democratic 
Republic of 
Congo 

Serbia 

Egypt 

Tunisia 

NEAR 

ARMENIA ECONOMIC RESILIENCE FACILITY 

Armenia 

East and 
Central Africa 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

Sub-Saharan Africa  07/07/2023 

 79.2  

Western Balkans 

15/06/2023 

 35.0  

Western Balkans 

14/06/2023 

 75.0  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

23/05/2023 

 40.0  

Western Balkans 

19/01/2023 

 40.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  31/12/2022 

 8.4  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 
Americas and the 
Caribbean 

30/12/2022 

 100.0  

30/12/2022 

 60.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  30/12/2022 

 26.0  

Western Balkans 

29/12/2022 

 5.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

29/12/2022 

 46.0  

28/12/2022 

 65.8  

27/12/2022 

 70.0  

INTPA 

DAKAR PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK 
RESTRUCTURING 

Senegal 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/12/2022 

 166.9  

339 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

NEAR 

ZEMO SAMGORI IRRIGATION PROJECT 

Georgia 

NEAR 

ROUTE 10 RAIL REHABILITATION (1) 

Kosovo 

NEAR 

STRENGTHENING TUNISIA FOOD RESILIANCE 

Tunisia 

Serbia 

Moldova 

Serbia 

Guinea 

Egypt 

NEAR 

CORRIDOR X RAILWAYS FL - GLOBAL 
GATEWAY and CORRIDOR X SECTION STALAC-
DJUNIS 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA ROADS III (9) 

NEAR 

INTPA 

NEAR 

SERBIAN INLAND WATERWAY 
INFRASTRUCTURE (5) 
OMVG - INTERCONNECTION C 
HELWAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 
PROJECT (signature volume represents the 
first of two envisaged traches) 

NEAR 

MUNICIPAL WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 

INTPA 

INTPA 

NEAR 

NEAR 

MODERNISATION DU RESEAU ROUTIER AU 
TCHAD 
92727 SAINT LUCIA COVID-19 HEALTH 
RESILIENCE 
IDF IV LOAN FOR SMES CLIMATE & PRIORITY 
PROJECTS (6) 
TANTA EL MANSOURA DAMIETTA RAILWAY 
UPGRADING PROJECT 

INTPA 

MALDIVES COVID-19 HEALTH FACILITY 

Maldives 

Neighbourhood 
East 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Western 
Balkans 

Neighbourhood 
East 
Western 
Balkans 
West Africa 

Neighbourhood 
East 

22/12/2022 

 20.0  

Western Balkans 

21/12/2022 

 38.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

16/12/2022 

 150.0  

Western Balkans 

16/12/2022 

 550.0  

Neighbourhood 
East 

15/12/2022 

 100.0  

Western Balkans 

13/12/2022 

Sub-Saharan Africa  05/12/2022 

 31.0  

 17.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

Neighbourhood 
South 

30/11/2022 

 78.0  

North 
Macedonia 

Western 
Balkans 

Western Balkans 

23/11/2022 

 50.0  

Chad 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  22/09/2022 

 141.2  

Saint Lucia 

Caribbean 

Montenegro 

Egypt 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
South and East 
Asia 

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

20/09/2022 

 13.5  

Western Balkans 

29/07/2022 

 50.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

11/07/2022 

 221.0  

Asia and Pacific 

22/06/2022 

 18.4  

340 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA ROADS IV 

Moldova 

INTPA 

ANGOLA COVID-19 HEALTH RESILIENCE 

Angola 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

BELABO-NGAOUNDERE RAILWAY RENEWAL 
CAMEROON 
BANGLADESH COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTH 
PROGRAMME 
BENIN RESILIENCE ECONOMIQUE COVID 19 
EAU ET ASSAINISSEMENT COTONOU PHASE 3 
(loan amount increase) 
COVID-19 HEALTH RESPONSE GHANA 
ASSAINISSEMENT PLUVIAL DE VILLES DU 
BENIN 

Cameroon 

Bangladesh 

Benin 

Benin 

Ghana 

Benin 

INTERCONNEXION ANTANANARIVO 
TOAMASINA PRIRTEM-1 

Madagascar 

INTPA 

RWANDA COVID 19 HEALTH RESILIENCE 

Rwanda 

Neighbourhood 
East 
Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
East and 
Central Africa 
South and East 
Asia 
West Africa 

Neighbourhood 
East 

31/03/2022 

 150.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  24/02/2022 

 50.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  31/12/2021 

 106.0  

Asia and Pacific 

29/12/2021 

 250.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  17/12/2021 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  17/12/2021 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  10/12/2021 

 45.0  

 27.0  

 75.0  

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  06/12/2021 

 124.9  

Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
East and 
Central Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/11/2021 

 81.3  

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/09/2021 

 22.0  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

14/06/2021 

 50.0  

INTPA 

BARBADOS COVID-19 HEALTH RESILIENCE 

Barbados 

Caribbean 

INTPA 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTERCONNEXION ELECTRIQUE 225 KV 
GUINEE-MALI 
SENEGAL DECHETS SOLIDES (PROMOGED) 
SENEGAL EAU POTABLE & COVID-19 
NIGERIA CLIMATE ADAPTATION - EROSION & 
WATERSHED 
DEVELOPMENT BANK GHANA 

Guinea 

Senegal 
Senegal 

Nigeria 

Ghana 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  04/03/2021 

 170.0  

West Africa 
West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  09/02/2021 
Sub-Saharan Africa  09/02/2021 

 50.0  
 64.5  

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2020 

 175.0  

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  28/12/2020 

 170.0  

341 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

RIPOSTE SANITAIRE COVID-19 NIGER 
ELECTRICITY ACCESS RWANDA (Part I and Part 
II) 
EDM - BOUCLE 225 KV NORD BAMAKO 
MAURITANIA COVID-19 RESILIENCE 
SUBMARINE CABLE 
RIPOSTE SANITAIRE COVID-19 BENIN 
ASSAINISSEMENT ET DRAINAGE DE 
OUAGADOUGOU 

Niger 

Rwanda 

Mali 

West Africa 
East and 
Central Africa 
West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  28/12/2020 

 15.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  23/12/2020 

 100.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  22/12/2020 

Mauritania 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  22/12/2020 

Benin 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/11/2020 

Burkina Faso  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/11/2020 

INTPA 

MOZAMBIQUE CLIMATE RESILIENT FL 

Mozambique 

Sub-Saharan Africa  23/11/2020 

 100.0  

Burkina Faso  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  16/10/2020 

 45.0  

 25.0  

 30.0  

 15.0  

 15.0  
 15.0  

 15.0  

 15.0  
 75.0  

 11.4  

Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
West Africa 
West Africa 

West Africa 
West Africa 
East and 
Central Africa 
East and 
Central Africa 
West Africa 
West Africa 
Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
West Africa 
West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  04/11/2020 
Sub-Saharan Africa  03/11/2020 

Sub-Saharan Africa  13/10/2020 
Sub-Saharan Africa  23/07/2020 

Sub-Saharan Africa  09/03/2020 

Sub-Saharan Africa  19/12/2019 

 12.5  

Sub-Saharan Africa  18/12/2019 
Sub-Saharan Africa  16/12/2019 

 105.0  
 11.4  

Sub-Saharan Africa  09/12/2019 

 35.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  05/12/2019 
Sub-Saharan Africa  10/04/2019 

 11.4  
 22.0  

342 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 
INTPA 

ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION CHAD 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION SENEGAL 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION BURKINA 
FASO 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION BENIN 
SENEGAL COVID-19 HEALTH PROGRAMME 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION 
CAMEROON 

SAO TOME SUSTAINABLE ROADS 

AEP NIAMEY II 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION TOGO 

Chad 
Senegal 

Benin 
Senegal 

Cameroon 

São Tomé and 
Príncipe 
Niger 
Togo 

INTPA 

JIRAMA WATER III - PRIORITAIRE 

Madagascar 

INTPA 
INTPA 

ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION NIGER 
CAPE VERDE CONNECTIVITY PROGRAMME 

Niger 
Cabo Verde 

 
 
Table 2: EIB investment window 4 covered operations 

These operations are financed by the ACP Investment Facility reflows as opposed to EIB investment window 1 and open architecture, both part 
of the EAG mechanism, but they are provided here since they also provide external action guarantees, be it from a different financing source. 

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

NEAR 

EGYPT FOOD RESILIENCE (12) 

EPS GREEN FINANCING 

NEAR 

INTPA 

NEAR 

INTPA 

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL UPGRADE II 

CLEAN OCEANS INITIATIVE GRAND NOKOUE 
BENIN 

Serbia 

Benin 

Egypt 

Serbia 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Western 
Balkans 

Neighbourhood 
South 

31/12/2024 

 90.0  

Western Balkans 

27/12/2024 

 100.0  

Western 
Balkans 

Western Balkans 

23/12/2024 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  23/12/2024 

 35.5  

 50.0  

 25.0  

ATIDI MEMBERSHIP INCREASE COTE D IVOIRE  Côte d'Ivoire  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/12/2024 

INTPA 

ASPIRE-AT 

INTPA 

BISSAU-ZIGUINCHOR TAH-7 RESILIENT ROAD 
CORRIDOR 

Cambodia 

South and East 
Asia 

Asia and Pacific 

20/12/2024 

 60.0  

Guinea-Bissau  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  17/12/2024 

 105.0  

INTPA 

GLOBAL GATEWAY NATURE GUARANTEE 

Barbados 

Caribbean 

NEAR 

ARMENIA SISIAN-KAJARAN ROAD PROJECT 

Armenia 

Neighbourhood 
East 

Americas and the 
Caribbean 
Neighbourhood 
East 

25/11/2024 

 142.9  

12/11/2024 

 236.0  

INTPA 

NEAR 

PROGRAMME DE RESTAURATION DURABLE 
DES FORETS 
MOROCCO POST-EARTHQUAKE 
RECONSTRUCTION 

Côte d'Ivoire  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  11/11/2024 

 150.0  

Morocco 

Neighbourhood 
South 

Neighbourhood 
South 

01/10/2024 

 500.0  

343 

 
 
 
 
Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

Moldova 

Neighbourhood 
East 

Neighbourhood 
East 

17/09/2024 

 200.0  

Cabo Verde 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  02/09/2024 

 114.0  

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

NEAR 

INTPA 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA FOREST DEVELOPMENT 
PROGRAMME 
Cape Verde Blue Economy Sustainable Ports 
Framework Loan  
JORDAN WATER SECURITY AND CLIMATE 
ADAPTATION 

NEAR 

SMART METERING 

NEAR 

CORRIDOR SFAX KASSERINE  

NEAR 

UKRAINE RECOVERY III FRAMEWORK LOAN 
(11) 

Jordan 

Serbia 

Tunisia 

Ukraine 

NEAR 

MONTENEGRO RAILWAYS REHABILITATION 

Montenegro 

INTPA 

BHUTAN HYDRO AND SOLAR ENERGY 
FACILITY 

NEAR 

VORE HANI I HOTIT RAILWAY LINE 

NEAR 

KEK SOLAR PV – GLOBAL GATEWAY 

NEAR 

TUNISIE RELANCE ÉCONOMIQUE 

Bhutan 

Albania 

Kosovo 

Tunisia 

NEAR 

 NORTH EAST RAMALLAH WASTEWATER 

Palestine** 

NEAR 

NEAR 

GREEN SUSTAINABILITY INSDUSTRY PROJECT, 
GSI 
STEG - TUNISIA ITALY POWER 
INTERCONNECTION 

Egypt 

Tunisia 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 
Western 
Balkans 
South and East 
Asia 
Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Neighbourhood 
South 

18/07/2024 

 400.0  

Western Balkans 

28/06/2024 

 80.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

13/06/2024 

 210.0  

11/06/2024 

 100.0  

Western Balkans 

27/05/2024 

 40.0  

Asia and Pacific 

17/04/2024 

 150.0  

Western Balkans 

20/03/2024 

 100.0  

Western Balkans 

18/03/2024 

 33.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
South 

16/01/2024 

 170.0  

10/01/2024 

 19.9  

31/12/2023 

 135.0  

30/12/2023 

 45.0  

344 

 
 
Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

Nigeria 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 150.0  

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

NIGERIA ACCESS TO AGRI MARKETS 
FRAMEWORK LOAN 
ALIMENTATION EN EAU POTABLE NORD DU 
BENIN 
ASSAINISSEMENT PLUVIAL DE VILLES DU 
BENIN II 
CAPE VERDE GREEN ENERGY FL 
MONGOLIA DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY 
URBAN CENTRES 

Benin 

Benin 

Cabo Verde 

Mongolia 

NEAR 

INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE FORESTS 

Morocco 

INTPA 

ECUADOR-PERU POWER INTERCONNECTION 

Ecuador 

Americas 

NEAR 

CORRIDOR VIII RAIL - MEASTERN SECTION MK 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA SOLIDARITY LANES  

North 
Macedonia 

Moldova 

NEAR 

AQABA-AMMAN WATER DESALINATION & 
CONVEYANCE 

Jordan 

NEAR 

YEREVAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY PHASE II  

Armenia 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
East 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 62.0  

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 70.0  

West Africa 
South and East 
Asia 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2023 

 120.0  

Asia and Pacific 

29/12/2023 

 44.9  

Neighbourhood 
South 
Americas and the 
Caribbean 

29/12/2023 

 100.0  

28/12/2023 

 112.5  

Western Balkans 

18/12/2023 

 175.0  

Neighbourhood 
East 
Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

15/12/2023 

 41.2  

03/12/2023 
12/12/2022 

 100.0  
 200.0  

29/11/2023 

 25.0  

NEAR 

EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION 
FRAMEWORK LOAN 

Turkiye 

Türkiye 

Türkiye 

15/11/2023 

 400.0  

INTPA 

BANGLADESH RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITY 

Bangladesh 

South and East 
Asia 

INTPA 

PROVINCIAL AGRICULTURAL SERVICES 
PROGRAMME FL 

Argentina 

Americas 

NEAR 

WINDFARM VLASIC (3) 

BiH 

Western 
Balkans 

Asia and Pacific 

25/10/2023 

 350.0  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

22/10/2023 

 150.0  

Western Balkans 

19/10/2023 

 36.0  

345 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

NEAR 

ROAD REHABILITATION AND SAFETY (10) 

Serbia 

NEAR 

NEAR 

INTPA 

DBNM LOAN FOR SMES MID-CAPS AND 
GREEN TRANSITION 
MODERNISATION ETABLISSEMENTS 
SCOLAIRES II 
DJIBOUTI WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER 
TREATMENT 

North 
Macedonia 

Tunisia 

Djibouti 

NEAR 

SARAJEVO URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT (2) 

BiH 

NEAR 

BANJA LUKA MEDICAL COMPLEX 

BiH 

Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
East and 
Central Africa 
Western 
Balkans 
Western 
Balkans 

INTPA 

ARGENTINA - INTEGRATED WASTE 
MANAGEMENT FL  

Argentina 

Americas 

NEAR 

SERBIAN EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE FL 

Serbia 

INTPA 

93197 SAO TOME WATER SUPPLY 

São Tomé and 
Príncipe 

Western 
Balkans 
East and 
Central Africa 

INTPA 

TRANSMISSION NETWORK INVESTMENTS FL 

Argentina 

Americas 

INTPA 

BICE ARGENTINA - GREEN MBIL 

Argentina 

Americas 

INTPA 

CONGO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION 

NEAR 

CONNECTED SCHOOLS IN SERBIA (7) 

NEAR 

FAYOUM WASTEWATER EXPANSION PROJECT 
(8) 

Democratic 
Republic of 
Congo 

Serbia 

Egypt 

East and 
Central Africa 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Western Balkans 

06/10/2023 

 85.0  

Western Balkans 

24/07/2023 

 100.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

10/07/2023 

 40.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  07/07/2023 

 79.2  

Western Balkans 

15/06/2023 

 35.0  

Western Balkans 

14/06/2023 

 75.0  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

23/05/2023 

 40.0  

Western Balkans 

19/01/2023 

 40.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  31/12/2022 

 8.4  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 
Americas and the 
Caribbean 

30/12/2022 

 100.0  

30/12/2022 

 60.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  30/12/2022 

 26.0  

Western Balkans 

29/12/2022 

 5.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

29/12/2022 

 46.0  

346 

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

NEAR 

STEG PROGRAMME TRANSPORT ET 
DISTRIBUTION (4) 

Tunisia 

NEAR 

ARMENIA ECONOMIC RESILIENCE FACILITY 

Armenia 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

Neighbourhood 
South 
Neighbourhood 
East 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

28/12/2022 

 65.8  

27/12/2022 

 70.0  

INTPA 

DAKAR PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK 
RESTRUCTURING 

Senegal 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/12/2022 

 166.9  

NEAR 

ZEMO SAMGORI IRRIGATION PROJECT 

Georgia 

NEAR 

ROUTE 10 RAIL REHABILITATION (1) 

Kosovo 

NEAR 

STRENGTHENING TUNISIA FOOD RESILIANCE 

Tunisia 

NEAR 

CORRIDOR X RAILWAYS FL - GLOBAL 
GATEWAY and CORRIDOR X SECTION STALAC-
DJUNIS 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA ROADS III (9) 

NEAR 

INTPA 

NEAR 

SERBIAN INLAND WATERWAY 
INFRASTRUCTURE (5) 
OMVG - INTERCONNECTION C 
HELWAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 
PROJECT (signature volume represents the 
first of two envisaged traches) 

NEAR 

MUNICIPAL WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 

INTPA 

INTPA 

MODERNISATION DU RESEAU ROUTIER AU 
TCHAD 
92727 SAINT LUCIA COVID-19 HEALTH 
RESILIENCE 

Serbia 

Moldova 

Serbia 

Guinea 

Egypt 

Neighbourhood 
East 
Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 

Western 
Balkans 

Neighbourhood 
East 
Western 
Balkans 
West Africa 

Neighbourhood 
East 

22/12/2022 

 20.0  

Western Balkans 

21/12/2022 

 38.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

16/12/2022 

 150.0  

Western Balkans 

16/12/2022 

 550.0  

Neighbourhood 
East 

15/12/2022 

 100.0  

Western Balkans 

13/12/2022 

Sub-Saharan Africa  05/12/2022 

 31.0  

 17.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

Neighbourhood 
South 

30/11/2022 

 78.0  

North 
Macedonia 

Western 
Balkans 

Western Balkans 

23/11/2022 

 50.0  

Chad 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  22/09/2022 

 141.2  

Saint Lucia 

Caribbean 

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

20/09/2022 

 13.5  

347 

 
 
Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

NEAR 

NEAR 

IDF IV LOAN FOR SMES CLIMATE & PRIORITY 
PROJECTS (6) 
TANTA EL MANSOURA DAMIETTA RAILWAY 
UPGRADING PROJECT 

Montenegro 

Egypt 

INTPA 

MALDIVES COVID-19 HEALTH FACILITY 

Maldives 

NEAR 

MOLDOVA ROADS IV 

Moldova 

INTPA 

ANGOLA COVID-19 HEALTH RESILIENCE 

Angola 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

BELABO-NGAOUNDERE RAILWAY RENEWAL 
CAMEROON 
BANGLADESH COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTH 
PROGRAMME 
BENIN RESILIENCE ECONOMIQUE COVID 19 
EAU ET ASSAINISSEMENT COTONOU PHASE 3 
(loan amount increase) 
COVID-19 HEALTH RESPONSE GHANA 
ASSAINISSEMENT PLUVIAL DE VILLES DU 
BENIN 

Cameroon 

Bangladesh 

Benin 

Benin 

Ghana 

Benin 

INTERCONNEXION ANTANANARIVO 
TOAMASINA PRIRTEM-1 

Madagascar 

INTPA 

RWANDA COVID 19 HEALTH RESILIENCE 

Rwanda 

INTPA 

BARBADOS COVID-19 HEALTH RESILIENCE 

Barbados 

Caribbean 

Western 
Balkans 
Neighbourhood 
South 
South and East 
Asia 
Neighbourhood 
East 
Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
East and 
Central Africa 
South and East 
Asia 
West Africa 

Western Balkans 

29/07/2022 

 50.0  

Neighbourhood 
South 

11/07/2022 

 221.0  

Asia and Pacific 

22/06/2022 

 18.4  

Neighbourhood 
East 

31/03/2022 

 150.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  24/02/2022 

 50.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  31/12/2021 

 106.0  

Asia and Pacific 

29/12/2021 

 250.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  17/12/2021 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  17/12/2021 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  10/12/2021 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  06/12/2021 

 124.9  

 45.0  

 27.0  

 75.0  

Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
East and 
Central Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/11/2021 

 81.3  

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/09/2021 

 22.0  

Americas and the 
Caribbean 

14/06/2021 

 50.0  

348 

 
 
Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

INTPA 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTERCONNEXION ELECTRIQUE 225 KV 
GUINEE-MALI 
SENEGAL DECHETS SOLIDES (PROMOGED) 
SENEGAL EAU POTABLE & COVID-19 
NIGERIA CLIMATE ADAPTATION - EROSION & 
WATERSHED 
DEVELOPMENT BANK GHANA 
RIPOSTE SANITAIRE COVID-19 NIGER 
ELECTRICITY ACCESS RWANDA (Part I and Part 
II) 
EDM - BOUCLE 225 KV NORD BAMAKO 
MAURITANIA COVID-19 RESILIENCE 
SUBMARINE CABLE 
RIPOSTE SANITAIRE COVID-19 BENIN 
ASSAINISSEMENT ET DRAINAGE DE 
OUAGADOUGOU 

Guinea 

Senegal 
Senegal 

Nigeria 

Ghana 
Niger 

Rwanda 

Mali 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 
INTPA 

INTPA 

ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION CHAD 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION SENEGAL 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION BURKINA 
FASO 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION BENIN 
SENEGAL COVID-19 HEALTH PROGRAMME 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION 
CAMEROON 

INTPA 

SAO TOME SUSTAINABLE ROADS 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  04/03/2021 

 170.0  

West Africa 
West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  09/02/2021 
Sub-Saharan Africa  09/02/2021 

 50.0  
 64.5  

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  29/12/2020 

 175.0  

West Africa 
West Africa 
East and 
Central Africa 
West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  28/12/2020 
Sub-Saharan Africa  28/12/2020 

 170.0  
 15.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  23/12/2020 

 100.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  22/12/2020 

Mauritania 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  22/12/2020 

Benin 

West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/11/2020 

Burkina Faso  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  27/11/2020 

Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
West Africa 
West Africa 

Chad 
Senegal 

Sub-Saharan Africa  04/11/2020 
Sub-Saharan Africa  03/11/2020 

Burkina Faso  West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  16/10/2020 

Benin 
Senegal 

Cameroon 

São Tomé and 
Príncipe 

West Africa 
West Africa 
East and 
Central Africa 
East and 
Central Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  13/10/2020 
Sub-Saharan Africa  23/07/2020 

Sub-Saharan Africa  09/03/2020 

Sub-Saharan Africa  19/12/2019 

 12.5  

349 

 45.0  

 25.0  

 30.0  

 15.0  

 15.0  
 15.0  

 15.0  

 15.0  
 75.0  

 11.4  

INTPA 

MOZAMBIQUE CLIMATE RESILIENT FL 

Mozambique 

Sub-Saharan Africa  23/11/2020 

 100.0  

 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Operation name 

Country 

Sub-region 

Region 

EIB 
signature 
date 

EIB 
amount 
signed 
(EUR 
million) 

INTPA 
INTPA 

AEP NIAMEY II 
ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION TOGO 

Niger 
Togo 

INTPA 

JIRAMA WATER III - PRIORITAIRE 

Madagascar 

INTPA 
INTPA 
TOTAL 

ATI MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTION NIGER 
CAPE VERDE CONNECTIVITY PROGRAMME 

Niger 
Cabo Verde 

West Africa 
West Africa 
Southern Africa 
and Indian 
Ocean 
West Africa 
West Africa 

Sub-Saharan Africa  18/12/2019 
Sub-Saharan Africa  16/12/2019 

 105.0  
 11.4  

Sub-Saharan Africa  09/12/2019 

 35.0  

Sub-Saharan Africa  05/12/2019 
Sub-Saharan Africa  10/04/2019 

 11.4  
 22.0  
1223.4 

Table 3: Open Architecture signed guarantee programmes 

Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Lead 
Implementing 
Partner 

Guarantee Programme Name 

Implementation 
Batch 

Signature date 

Cover limit 
amount  
(EUR million)  

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

NEAR 

INTPA 
INTPA 

NEAR 

KFW      

DEG 

IFU 

AFD 

EDFI-MC 
FMO 

EBRD     

KfW - EU Market Creation Facility - Capacity 
Component+ (EUMCF-CC+) 
Global Impact Equity Fund (GIEF) 
Danish Sustainable Development Goals 
Investment Fund II (SDG Fund II) 
Financing and Accelerating the Sustainable 
Transition of Cities (FAST-Cities) 
EDFI Carbon Sinks 
DFCD Aya Scalable Climate Solutions 
Growth4All Programme in the Western Balkans 
and Türkiye 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 
EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD Carryover 

29/11/2024 

27/11/2024 

28/10/2024 

21/10/2024 

10/10/2024 
01/10/2024 

19/08/2024 

 245.8  

 99.7  

 71.7  

 176.0  

 366.0  
 105.0  

 52.5  

350 

 
 
 
 
Lead 
Directorate-
General 

Lead 
Implementing 
Partner 

NEAR 

KFW 

INTPA 

EDFI-MC 

NEAR 

NEAR 
NEAR 

NEAR 

INTPA 
INTPA 
INTPA 

NEAR 

NEAR 
INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

INTPA 

EIB 

EBRD     
EBRD     

IFC      

FINNFUND  
KFW 
EIB & BMGF 

EBRD     

EBRD     
EDFI-MC 

AFD      

AFD 

EIB 

Guarantee Programme Name 

Supporting Market-Oriented Green 
Transformation in the Eastern Neighbourhood 
and WB6 
EDFI MSME Platform + 
MSME Access to Green, Growth and Inclusive 
Finance - PPG Component 
HI-BAR 
Resilience Plus 
Better Futures Programme (BFP) - Eastern 
Partnership Window for Real Sector 
Africa Connected 
African Local Currency Bond Fund (ALCB Fund) 
Accelerating Human Development (HDX) 
Financial Inclusion in the Neighborhood (East 
and South) 
Digital Transformation Platform 
EDFI MSME Platform 
European Guarantee to increase Local 
Governments access to finance (CITIRIZ) 
Invest and support for Businesses in Africa 
(FISEA+) 
COVAX II 

Implementation 
Batch 

Signature date 

Cover limit 
amount  
(EUR million)  

EFSD+ 1st call 

27/06/2024 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 
EFSD Carryover 

EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD+ 1st call 
EFSD Carryover 
EFSD+ 1st call 

EFSD Carryover 

EFSD Carryover 
EFSD Carryover 

EFSD Carryover 

EFSD Carryover 

EFSD Carryover 

25/06/2024 

18/06/2024 

12/03/2024 
02/01/2024 

22/12/2023 

26/10/2023 
25/10/2023 
11/10/2023 

15/11/2022 

15/11/2022 
29/07/2022 

27/05/2022 

06/05/2022 

22/11/2021 

 260.0  

 255.0  

 70.0  

 168.0  
 60.0  

 90.0  

 100.0  
 100.0  
 750.0  

 115.0  

 35.0  
 80.0  

 30.0  

 35.0  

 200.0  

351 

 
 
 
 
 
Table of abbreviations

Abbreviation  Meaning 
CBRN 

Abbreviation  Meaning 
AAP(s) 
ACP  
ADB 
AECID 

Annual Action Plan(s) 
Africa, Caribbean, Pacific 
Asian Development Bank 
Agencia Española de Cooperación 
Internacional para el Desarrollo 
(Spanish Agency for International 
Development Cooperation) 
the Africa Europe Digital Innovation 
Bridge 
the Africa-EU Green Energy 
initiative 
the African Continental Free Trade 
Area 
Agence Française de 
Développement (French 
development agency) 
African Development Bank 
Aid for trade 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Agriculture and Rural 
Development 
Artificial intelligence 
Africa Investment Platform 
Acute Large Emergency Response 
Tool 
Advance Market Commitment 
countries 
The African Ministers’ Council on 
Water 
African Network of Basin 
Organisations 
Asia Pacific Investment Facility 
Association of Southeast Asian 
Nations 
African Union 
African Union Commission 

Agreement on Marine Biodiversity 
of Areas Beyond National 
Jurisdiction 
Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Budget Support 
Business Support Organisations 

AEDIB 

AEGEI 

AfCFTA 

AFD 

AfDB 
AfT 
DG AGRI  

AI 
AIP 
ALERT 

AMC 
countries 
AMCOW 

ANBO 

APIF 
ASEAN 

AU 
AUC 

BBNJ 

BiH 
BS 
BSOs 

CAR 
CARICOM 
CBC 

Central African Republic 
the Caribbean Community 
Cross-Border Cooperation 

CDB 
CEECS 

CEPA 

CFATF 

CFSP  

DG CLIMA  

CLIP(s) 

COFIDES 

CoM 
COP15 

COP16 

COP26 

COP27 

COP28 

COP29 

COVAX 
COVID-19 
CPVA 

CRIS 

Chemical, Biological, Radiological 
and Nuclear 
Caribbean Development Bank 
Central and Eastern European 
Countries 
Comprehensive and Enhanced 
Partnership Agreement 
Caribbean Financial Action Task 
Force 
Common Foreign and Security 
Policy Instrument 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Climate Action 
Country Level Implementation 
Plan(s) 
Compañía Española de Financiación 
del Desarrollo (Spanish 
development bank) 
Covenant of Mayors 
15th meeting of Parties to the 
Convention on Biological Diversity 
in Montreal 
16th meeting of Parties to the 
Convention on Biological Diversity 
26th Conference of the Parties to 
the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change in 
Glasgow 
27th Conference of the Parties to 
the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change in 
Sharm el-Sheikh 
28th Conference of the Parties to 
the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change in 
Dubai 
29th Conference of the Parties to 
the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change in 
Baku 
COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access 
Corona Virus Disease of 2019 
Central Project Management 
Agency of Lithuania 
Common RELEX Information 
System 

352 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Abbreviation  Meaning 
CSDP 

Common Security and Defence 
Policy 
Civil Society Organisations 

Abbreviation  Meaning 
DG ENEST 

CSO 

DAC 

DARYA 

DCFTA 

DCI  

DEAR 

DFI(s) 
DGs 
DOAG 

DRC 
DREF 

EABF 
EaP 
EBRD 

EC  
DG ECFIN  

DG ECHO  

EDF  
EEAS 

EFAD 

EFSD (+)  

EIB 
EIDHR 

EIP 
EMPACT 

DG EMPL  

Development Assistance 
Committee 
Dialogue and Action for 
Resourceful Youth in Central Asia 
programme 
Deep and Comprehensive Free 
Trade Area 
Development Cooperation 
Instrument 
Development Education and 
Awareness Raising programme 
development finance institution(s) 
Directorate-Generals 
Decision on the Overseas 
Association, including Greenland 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Disaster Response Emergency Fund 

EU-Africa Business Forum 
the Eastern Partnership 
European Bank for Reconstruction 
and Development 
the European Commission 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Economic and Financial 
Affairs 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Humanitarian Aid and 
Civil Protection 
European Development Fund 
the European External Action 
Service 
the European Financial 
Architecture for Development 
European Fund for Sustainable 
Development (Plus) 
The European Investment Bank 
European Instrument for 
Democracy and Human Rights 
Economic Investment Plan 
European Multidisciplinary 
Platform Against Criminal Threats 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Employment, Social 
Affairs and Inclusion 

ENI  

ENP 
DG ENV 

EP 
EPA(s) 

EPCA(s) 

EPF 
ERCC 

ESA 
EU 
EUAA 
EUAM 
EUBAM 

EUCAP 
EUGH 
EULEX 
EUMAM 
EUMM 
EUMPM 
EUPI 
EUPOL 
EUR 
EUROPOL 

EUSR 

FAC 
FAO  

FFPA 

FIIAPP 

FINTECC 

FLEGT 

The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Enlargement and the 
Eastern Neighbourhood 
European Neighbourhood 
Instrument 
European Neighbourhood Policy 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for the Environment 
European Parliament 
Economic Partnership 
Agreement(s) 
Enhanced Partnership and 
Cooperation Agreement(s) 
European Peace Facility 
the Emergency Response 
Coordination Centre 
Eastern and Southern Africa 
European Union 
EU Agency for Asylum 
EU Advisory Mission 
EU Border Management Assistance 
Mission 
EU Capacity Building Mission 
EU Global Health Strategy 
EU Rule of Law Mission 
EU Military Assistance Mission 
EU Monitoring Mission 
EU Military Partnership Mission 
EU Peacebuilding Initiative 
EU Police Mission 
Euro 
EU Agency for Law Enforcement 
Cooperation 
EU Special Representative 

The Foreign Affairs Council 
The Food and Agriculture 
Organisation 
Financial Framework Partnership 
Agreements 
International and Ibero-American 
Foundation for Administration and 
Public Policies 
EBRD’s Finance and Technology 
Transfer Centre for Climate Change 
programme 
Forest Law Enforcement, 
Governance and Trade 

353 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Abbreviation  Meaning 
FMO 

Abbreviation  Meaning 
HLEG 
HRBA 
HRDN 

High-Level Expert Group 
Human Rights-Based Approach 
Human Rights and Democracy 
Network 
EU High Representative/Vice-
President 
Humanitarian Aid 

FPAs 

FPI  

FRF 
Frontex 

GACERE 

GAP III 
GAVI 

GBF 
GCC 
GDC 
GDP 
GERF 

GGW 
GIFP 
GIZ 

GNI 
GPE 
GPEDC 

GPEI 
GSK 

G7 

G20 

G77 

Nederlandse Financierings-
Maatschappij voor 
Ontwikkelingslanden N.V. (Dutch 
entrepreneurial development bank) 
Framework Partnership 
Agreements 
Commission’s Service for Foreign 
Policy Instruments 
Food and Resilience Facility 
the European Border and Coast 
Guard Agency 

Global Alliance on Circular 
Economy and Resource Efficiency 
Gender Action Plan III 
Global Alliance for Vaccines and 
Immunisation 
Global Biodiversity Framework 
Gulf Cooperation Council 
UN Global Digital Compact 
gross domestic product 
the Global Europe Results 
Framework 
the Great Green Wall 
EU’s Global Illicit Flows Programme 
The German Society for 
International Cooperation 
Gross national income 
Global Partnership for Education 
Global Partnership for Effective 
Development Cooperation 
Global Polio Eradication Initiative 
GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceutical 
and biotechnology company 
Group of Seven - 
intergovernmental political forum 
Group of Twenty - 
intergovernmental forum for 
international economic 
cooperation 
Group of seventy seven - 
intergovernmental organization of 
developing countries in the United 
Nations 

HRVP 

HUMA  

IAEA 
IcSP  

ICRC 

ICT 

IDPs 
IFAD 

IFC 
IFIs 
IFRC 

IHL 
IICA 

ILO  
IMF 
INSC  

INTERPOL 

DG INTPA  

IOM 

IPA  

IPARD 
IRENA 

ITC 

JETP 
JRC 

KfW 

International Atomic Energy Agency 
Instrument contributing to Stability 
and Peace 
International Committee of the Red 
Cross 
Information and Communications 
Technology 
Internally displaced persons 
International Fund for Agricultural 
Development 
International Finance Corporation 
International Financial Institutions 
International Federation of Red 
Cross and Red Crescent Societies 
International Humanitarian Law 
Inter-American Institute for 
Cooperation on Agriculture 
International Labour Organisation 
International Monetary Fund 
Instrument for Nuclear Safety 
Cooperation 
International Criminal Police 
Organisation 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for International 
Partnerships 
International Organisation for 
Migration 
Instrument for Pre-Accession 
Assistance 
IPA Rural Development programme 
International Renewable Energy 
Agency 
International Trade Centre 

Just Energy Transition Partnerships 
the Joint Research Centre 

Kreditanstalt Für Wiederaufbau 
(German Development Bank) 

HDP 
Heading IV  
Heading VI 

HIV 

Humanitarian-Development-Peace 
MFF Heading – Global Europe 
MFF Heading – Neighbourhood and 
the World 
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 

LAC 

Latin America and the Caribbean 

354 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Abbreviation  Meaning 
LACIF 

Abbreviation  Meaning 
OCHA 

Latin America and Caribbean 
Investment Facility 
Least Developed Country(ies) 
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, 
intersex and other 
Lower Middle-Income Country(ies) 

More Advanced Developing 
Countries and Territories 
Team Europe Initiative on 
Manufacturing and Access to 
Vaccines, Medicines and Health 
Technologies in Africa 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for the Middle East, North 
Africa and the Gulf 
Macro Financial Assistance 
Macro-Financial Assistance Plus 
instrument providing support to 
Ukraine for 2023 
Multiannual Financial Framework 
Model Grant Agreement 
Multiannual Indicative Programme 
Member States 
Micro-, Small and Medium-sized 
Enterprise(s) 

the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organisation 
Nationally Determined 
Contribution(s) 
The Neighbourhood, Development 
and International Cooperation 
Instrument-Global Europe 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Neighbourhood and 
Enlargement Negotiations  
(Note: in 2025, this NEAR was 
divided into DG ENEST and DG 
MENA).  
Not in Education, Employment, or 
Training 
Non-Governmental Organisation 
Neighbourhood Investment 
Platform 
Newly Independent States 

Organisation of African, Caribbean 
and Pacific States 
Organisation of American States 

LDC(S)  
LGBTI+ 

LMIC(S)  

MADCT(S)  

MAV+ 

DG MENA 

MFA 
MFA+ 

MFF  
MGA 
MIP 
MS 
MSME(s) 

NATO 

NDC(s) 

NDICI-Global 
Europe 

DG NEAR  

NEET 

NGO  
NIP 

NIS 

OACPS 

OAS 

OCTs 
Non-ODA  

ODA  
OECD  

OECS 

OHCHR  

OLIC/OTHER 
LIC(S)  
OPSYS 

OSCE 

PAR 
PCA 

PCD 
PFD 
PFM 
PICs 
PPP 
PRAG 
PROPARCO 

DG REGIO  

REDD+ 

RELEX 

rescEU 

R&I 

SADC 

United Nations Office for the 
Coordination of Humanitarian 
Affairs 
Overseas countries and territories 
Development aid not classified as 
Official Development Assistance 
(ODA) 
Official Development Assistance 
The Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development 
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean 
States 
United Nations High Commissioner 
for Human Rights 
Other Low-Income Country(ies) 

Operational System (used by the EC 
for External Actions) 
Organisation for Security and Co-
operation in Europe 

Public Administration Reform 
Partnership and Cooperation 
Agreement 
Policy coherence for development 
Policy Forum on Development 
Public Financial Management 
Pacific Island Countries 
Public Private Partnership 
Practical guide 
Promotion et Participation pour la 
Coopération Économique (French 
development finance institution) 

The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Regional and Urban 
Policy 
The ‘Reducing emissions from 
deforestation and forest 
degradation in developing 
countries’ Framework 
Relations Extérieures (External 
Relations - Family includes DG 
INTPA, DG NEAR and FPI) 
European Civil Protection and 
Humanitarian Aid Operations 
Research and Innovation 

Southern Africa Development 
Community 

355 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Abbreviation  Meaning 
SAFE 

Abbreviation  Meaning 
UfM 
UHC 
UHC-P 

SAFS 
SALW 
DG SANTE  

SCP 

SDGs 
SDI 
SECAP(s) 

SEESAC 

SIS 
SME 
SRHR 

SSR 
SSR/G 

STEM 

STI 

TA 
TAAF 

TAFs 
TAIEX 

DG TAXUD  

TC 
TED 

TEI 
DG TRADE  

TVET 

Security, Accountability and Fight 
Against Crime programme 
Sustainable Agri-Food Systems 
Small Arms and Light Weapons 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Health and Food Safety 
Sustainable Consumption and 
Production 
Sustainable Development Goals 
Security and defence initiative 
Sustainable Energy and Climate 
Action Plan(s) 
Southeastern and Eastern Europe 
Clearinghouse for the Control of 
Small Arms and Light Weapons 
Safeguards Information System 
Small to medium-sized enterprise 
Sexual and Reproductive Health 
and Rights 
Security Sector Reform 
Security Sector Reform and 
Governance 
Science, Technology, Engineering 
and Mathematics 
Science, Technology and Innovation 

Technical assistance 
Terres Australes et Antarctiques 
Françaises - French Southern and 
Antarctic Territories 
Technical Assistance Facilities 
Technical Assistance and 
Information Exchange 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Taxation and Customs 
Union 
Technical cooperation 
Team Europe Initiative on 
Democracy 
Team Europe Initiative 
The Commission’s Directorate-
General for Trade 
Technical and Vocational Education 
and Training 

UCPM 

EU Civil Protection Mechanism 

UMIC(S)  
UN 
UNCCD 

UNDP 

UNEP  

UNESCO 

UNFCCC  

UNFPA 
UNGA 
UNITAD 

UNODC 

UNRWA 

UNSE 
UNVIM 

USD 

VET 
VPA(s) 

WASH 
WBG 
WBIF 

WES 
WHO 
WTO 

YAP 

Union for the Mediterranean 
Universal Health Coverage 
Universal Health Coverage 
Partnership 
Upper Middle-Income Country(ies) 
United Nations 
Convention to Combat 
Desertification 
United Nations’ lead agency on 
international development 
United Nations Environment 
Programme 
United Nations Educational, 
Scientific and Cultural Organisation 
United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change 
United Nations Population Fund 
United Nations General Assembly 
United Nations Investigative Team 
to Promote Accountability for 
Crimes Committed by Da'esh/ISIL 
United Nations Office on Drugs and 
Crime 
United Nations Relief and Works 
Agency  
United Nation Special Envoy 
United Nations Verification and 
Inspection Mechanism 
US Dollar 

Vocational education and training 
Voluntary Partnership 
Agreement(s) 

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 
the World Bank Group 
Western Balkans Investment 
Framework 
Water and Environment Support 
the World Health Organisation 
the World Trade Organisation 

Youth Action Plan 

356