Case C-34/24, Stichting Right to Consumer Justice and Stichting App Stores Claims: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 December 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the rechtbank Amsterdam – Netherlands) – Stichting Right to Consumer Justice, Stichting App Stores Claims v Apple Distribution International Ltd, Apple Inc. (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 7(2) – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Determination of the territorial jurisdiction of a court of a Member State – Place where the harmful event occurred – Place where the damage occurred – Representative action seeking compensation for the damage caused by anticompetitive conduct consisting of the charging by the operator of an online platform, aimed at all users in a Member State, of excessive commission on the price of applications and digital products offered for sale on that platform – Action brought by an entity qualified to defend the collective interests of multiple unidentified but identifiable users)
Date: 2025-12-02
Institutions: Court of Justice
Subjects: EU law - national law, collective interest, computer applications, conflict of jurisdiction, digital distribution, dominant position, establishment, judicial cooperation in civil matters in the EU, mobile application, territorial jurisdiction








C_202600607EN.000101.fmx.xml












Official Journal of the European Union


EN
C series













C/2026/607


9.2.2026






Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 December 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the rechtbank Amsterdam – Netherlands) – Stichting Right to Consumer Justice, Stichting App Stores Claims v Apple Distribution International Ltd, Apple Inc.


(Case C-34/24,
                (1)
Stichting Right to Consumer Justice and Stichting App Stores Claims)

(Reference for a preliminary ruling - Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters - Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 - Article 7(2) - Special jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Determination of the territorial jurisdiction of a court of a Member State - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred - Representative action seeking compensation for the damage caused by anticompetitive conduct consisting of the charging by the operator of an online platform, aimed at all users in a Member State, of excessive commission on the price of applications and digital products offered for sale on that platform - Action brought by an entity qualified to defend the collective interests of multiple unidentified but identifiable users)
(C/2026/607)
Language of the case: Dutch

Referring court

Rechtbank Amsterdam

Parties to the main proceedings


Applicants: Stichting Right to Consumer Justice, Stichting App Stores Claims

Defendants: Apple Distribution International Ltd, Apple Inc.

Operative part of the judgment

Article 7(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters
must be interpreted as meaning that, within the market of a Member State allegedly affected by the implementation of anticompetitive conduct consisting of the charging by the operator of an online platform, aimed at all users established in that State, of excessive commission on the price of the apps and digital in-app products offered for sale on that platform, any court having substantive jurisdiction in that State to hear a representative action brought by an entity qualified to defend the collective interests of multiple unidentified but identifiable users who have purchased digital products on that platform has international and territorial jurisdiction, on the basis of the place where the damage occurred, to hear that action with regard to all those users.


(1)  OJ C, C/2024/2727.


ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2026/607/oj
ISSN 1977-091X (electronic edition)