Proficiency testing scheme field measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 : 23/01-05/03/2025, Ispra - Italy : European Union-wide quality assurance programmes.
Date: 2025-09-15
Institutions: Joint Research Centre
Subjects: air quality, environmental monitoring, environmental research, environmental standard, harmonisation of standards, pollution control, report, research method, testing

ISSN 1831-9424 

Proficiency testing scheme  
field measurements of  
PM10 and PM2.5  
23/01-05/03/2025, Ispra - Italy 

European Union-wide quality assurance programmes  

Tarricone, C., Barbiere, M., Borowiak, A., Putaud, J.-P. 

2025 

 EUR 40408 

 
 
This document is a publication by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge 
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 Contact information  
Name: Claudia TARRICONE 
Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy 
Email: claudia.tarricone@ec.europa.eu 
Tel.: +39 0332 789573 

EU Science Hub 
Address:  
https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu 

Email:  
JRC143138 

Tel.: 
EUR 40408 

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ISBN 978-92-68-30989-6   ISSN 1831-9424   doi:10.2760/0519930  

KJ-01-25-405-EN-N 

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© European Union, 2025  

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How to cite this report: Tarricone, C., Barbiere, M.G., Borowiak, A. and Putaud, J.-P., Proficiency testing scheme field measurements of PM10 
and PM2.5 23/01-05/03/2025, Ispra - Italy - European Union-wide quality assurance programmes, Publications Office of the European Union, 
Luxembourg, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/0519930, JRC143138. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents 

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 

1.  Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 

2.  Organisation of the field proficiency testing scheme ............................................................................................... 7 

2.1.  Accreditation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 

2.2.  Confidentiality ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 

2.3.  Collusion and falsification .............................................................................................................................................. 7 

3.  Participants and equipment ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 

4.  Measurement site ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 

4.1.  Location .................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 

4.2.  Homogeneity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 

4.3.  Meteorological conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 13 

5.  PM data analysis ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 

5.1.  Blunder identification ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 

5.2.  Standard deviation for proficiency assessment (𝝈𝒑𝒕) ................................................................................ 15 

5.2.1.  Functional correlation between 𝝈𝒑𝒕 and the concentration values ...................................... 15 

5.3.  Assigned Values ................................................................................................................................................................ 16 

5.3.1.  Statistical evaluation according to ISO 13528 .................................................................................. 17 

5.3.2.  Estimation of the uncertainty of the assigned value ..................................................................... 18 

5.4.  PM10 and PM2.5 assigned daily values ................................................................................................................... 19 

5.4.1.  Distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations ................................................................................. 21 

6.  Performance data evaluation .............................................................................................................................................. 22 

6.1.  Data capture ........................................................................................................................................................................ 22 

6.2.  Performance Indicators ................................................................................................................................................. 23 

6.2.1.  z and z’ scores ...................................................................................................................................................... 23 

6.2.2.  En score .................................................................................................................................................................... 24 

6.2.3.  Absolute difference and percentage difference ............................................................................... 26 

6.3.  Performance assessment ............................................................................................................................................ 27 

6.3.1.  PM10 z or z’ scores .............................................................................................................................................. 27 

6.3.2.  PM2.5 z or z’ scores ............................................................................................................................................. 31 

1 

 
 
6.3.3.  Mean absolute z score: overall performance assessment .......................................................... 34 

6.3.4.  PM10 and PM2.5 En scores ................................................................................................................................ 35 

6.3.5.  Deviation estimation: difference (D) and percent difference (D%) ........................................ 38 

7.  Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41 

List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 42 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 

ANNEX 1: PM10 and PM2.5 Proficiency Test Results ......................................................................................................... 49 

ANNEX 2: Reproducibility of the EN method Outliers ................................................................................................. 153 

Critical Value Calculation for Mandel h ....................................................................................................................... 155 

     Reproducibility estimation .................................................................................................................................................. 157 

ANNEX 3: Results Automatic Measurement System ................................................................................................... 158 

ANNEX 4: Comments from participants ............................................................................................................................. 169 

2 

 
 
 
Abstract 

The 2025 Proficiency Testing (PT) Scheme for PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ measurements, organized by the Joint 
Research  Centre  (JRC)  and  the  AQUILA  Network,  assessed  the  performance  of  22  European 
laboratories in measuring particulate matter (PM) concentrations, following the EU Ambient Air Quality 
Directive [1] and the EN 12341 [2] standard. Conducted from 23 January to 5 March 2025 at the JRC 
Ispra site (Italy), the study aimed  at ensuring  harmonized, accurate PM monitoring across the EU, 
critical for compliance and air quality policy evaluation. 

Participants  used  gravimetric  samplers  (reference  method)  and,  optionally,  automatic  analyzers, 
reporting daily PM concentrations with associated uncertainties. Performance was evaluated using z 
and  z’  scores  (measuring  deviation  from  assigned  values)  and  En-scores  (accounting  for 
measurement uncertainties). The results showed: 

•  High compliance: more than 90% of the results were considered satisfactory for both PM₁₀ 

and PM₂.₅. 

•  Outliers: few laboratories exhibited questionable or unsatisfactory performance, often due to 

overestimation biases. 

•  The En-score distributions confirm that most laboratories met the uncertainty targets of the 

Air Quality Directives [1]. 

•  Data capture issues: laboratories using PTFE filters achieved a lower data coverage due to 

filter clogging in high-humidity conditions. 

•  Spatial homogeneity confirmed: the field variability was lower than in-between uncertainty 
limit  stated  in the  EN method  [2]  (residuals  <  0.71 µg/m³),  ensuring  a  robust and  reliable 
inter-laboratory comparisons. 

The study highlights the solid capacity of EU National Reference Laboratories to monitor PM2.5 and 
PM10  in  line  with  the  EU  Air  Quality  Directive  but  identifies  key  areas  for  improvement,  including 
strengthen quality assurance and control checks at every step of the measurement, with reference to 
the conditioning and weighing of the filters. These findings support ongoing efforts to standardize air 
quality measurements and enhance data reliability for regulatory compliance. 

Keywords: Proficiency Testing, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, EN 12341, Air Quality Directive, z score, En-score, 
measurement uncertainty, AQUILA Network, JRC 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
Acknowledgements 

The following participants contributed to the success of this proficiency testing exercise 

Koeller Alexander 
Wolf Andreas 
Zehetmaier Barbara 
Absalon Christophe 
Verlinden Leen 
Fernemont Nicolas 
Joassin Pascal 
Wuestenbergs Vincent 
Parvanova Milena 
Beslic Ivan 
Rychlik Stepan 
Komarek Jan 
Betak ZdeněK 
Nordstroem Claus 
Ellermann Thomas 
Peet Karl 
Toivo TRUUTS 
Kotsura Vladislav 
Heikkinen Enna 
Saarnio Karri 
Renoux Julien 
Aujay-Plouzeau Robin 
Schnick Alexander 
Iwczenko Carsten 
Zang Thorsten 
Machon Attila 
Polay Gábor 
Kovacs Gyorgy 
Murphy Ken 

Sarah Boylan 
Ruane Cathal 
Delaney Lin 
Centioli Damiano 
Cadoni Fabio 
Marchegiani Giada 
Amoroso Antonio 
Ravaioli Cristiano 
Leone Patrizia 
Gaizutis Tomas 
Juozas Molis 
Magar Claude 
Boujouf Yassine 
Galicic Petar 
Zujovic Radomir 
Popovic Sinisa 
Marsteen Leif 
Mortensen Tore 
Pindel Andrzej 
Fraczkowski Tomasz 
Lengyel Jozef 
Jurcovic Maros 
Kranjc Irena 
Brujic Milorad 
Sanchez Francisco Javier 
Franco Peteira Rosalia 
Tesar Ondrej 
Pfaller Stefan 

A special thank you to Castaño Va, Fernando; Facheris, Giacomo; Dell’Acqua, Alessandro for their 
invaluable help in organizing and managing the security and logistics during the intercomparison 
phase. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NAME 

VERSION  DATE 

Editing 

C. TARRICONE ( Statistician/Technician) , M. BARBIERE 
(Statistician/Quality Officer) 

DRAFT 

20/05/2025 

Review 

JP. PUTAUD (PT Coordinator), A. BOROWIAK (Project Leader) 

DRAFT1 

10/07/2025 

Approval 

F. PEKAR (Head of Unit) 

Authorisation  P. SZYMANSKI (Director) 

FINAL 0 

11/07/2025 

FINAL 0 

04/08/2025 

PROFICIENCY TESTING SCHEME 

EUROPEAN REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR AIR POLLUTION - ERLAP 

Proficiency testing scheme  
field measurements of PM10/PM2.5  
23/01-05/03/2025, Ispra - Italy 

Tarricone, C., Barbiere, M., Borowiak, A., Putaud, J.-P. 

00123 

5 

EUR XXXXX XX 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
1.  Introduction 

JRC-ERLAP (Joint Research Centre’s European Reference Laboratory for Air Pollution in Ispra (IT)) has been 
organising  Proficiency  Testing  scheme  (PT)  amongst  National  Air  Quality  Reference  Laboratories  (NRLs) 
since  the  early  ‘90s.  JRC-ERLAP  has  implemented  an  accredited  ISO/IEC  17043  [6] quality  system  for 
managing the proficiency testing organization. 

Particulate  Matter  (PM)  is  considered  the  most  harming  outdoor  air  pollutant  for  human  health.  The 
European  Union  has  set  annual  and  daily  limit values  for  PM2.5  and  PM10,  as well  as  a target  to  reduce 
exposure to PM2.5, all outlined in the Ambient Air Quality Directive [1]. Accurate measurement of PM2.5 and 
PM10 is crucial not just for complying with the Directive, but also for consistently assessing pollution levels 
across the EU. This helps to track the success of emission reduction efforts, support health studies with 
sound data and spot changes in pollution sources. 

The Air Quality Directive [1] sets the legal basis for a harmonised assessment of air pollutants in Europe. 
The reference measurement methods for PM2.5 and PM10 are described in the European standard EN 12341 
[2]. Requirements on the data quality are set as minimum objectives for the uncertainty of the measurement 
itself, and as minimum data capture. 

The  accuracy  of  PM  measurements  has  to  be  ensured  and must  meet the Directive's  requirements  and 
international quality standards. The European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) oversees quality 
assurance tests at EU level, working with the AQUILA Network. Each EU member state's National air quality 
Reference Laboratory (NRL), in charge of the air pollution measurements, must regularly take part in these 
quality assurance programmes. 

In 2015, 2018 and 2022, the JRC and the AQUILA Network have been organising similar quality assurance 
programmes for PM measurements, with results compiled in technical reports. 

In  September  2024,  the  2025  Proficiency  Testing  (PT)  was  announced  to  the  AQUILA  network  and  the 
representative of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre (WHO-CC) via email. Along with the 
announcement, the protocol for the PT, which included all necessary logistical and technical requirements, 
was made available. This protocol was published on the PT-Data Acquisition Platform (PT-DAP) at the same 
time that registrations for the PT opened.  

To capture both low and high PM pollution periods sampling took place from mid-January till early March 
2025 at the JRC site in Ispra, Northern Italy. Over six weeks, up to 42 filters for each PM size fraction were 
collected by participants. The JRC’s European Reference Laboratory for Air Pollution (ERLAP)  set  up  four 
samplers at each corner of the sampling area to verify the consistency of PM concentrations across the 
sampling site. 

6 

 
2.  Organisation of the field proficiency testing scheme 

The PT took place at the premises of the European Commission’s JRC in Ispra site in Italy. Participants were 
requested to bring their own PM10 and PM2.5 samplers, following the recommendations from the European 
standard for airborne particulate matter measurements [2], as well as the equipment necessary to check 
the samplers’ operation on site. On a voluntary basis participants were given the possibility to install and 
run also automatic PM monitors, and their results evaluation is included in Annex 3 of this report. 

Sampling started on 23 January 2025, at 0:00 a.m. local time and concluded 6 weeks later on March 5, 
2025, at 12:00 p.m. local time.  

Participants were responsible for exchanging loaded filters with unloaded ones as needed. JRC staff assisted 
with filter changes for laboratories that requested support services. After the campaign ended, participants 
returned to the sampling site dismantle their equipment. 

Data was submitted through a web application. Participants reported daily values (0:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. 
local time) along with associated uncertainties and provided details about the equipment used and sampling 
methods.  

2.1.  Accreditation 

The ERLAP Laboratory is accredited for organising PTs for PM2.5 and PM10 in ambient air according to ISO/IEC 
17043  [6],  implementing  a  quality  system  aimed  at  improving  its  ability  to  consistently  produce  valid 
proficiency tests.  
This system aims to enhance the laboratory's ability to consistently produce valid exercises and serves as 
the foundation for accreditation by an Accreditation Body. Accreditation, being centered around competence, 
formally recognizes the laboratory's demonstrated capabilities. 
To  achieve  accreditation,  a  laboratory  must  first  establish  a  documented  Quality  Management  System. 
Typically,  the  quality  manual  outlining  this  system  aligns  with  the  structure  of  ISO/IEC  17043  [6]  and 
complies with ISO/IEC 17025 [3] standards. These standards ensure that the laboratory's processes and 
procedures are well-documented, controlled, and effective in producing valid results. 

2.2.  Confidentiality 

The results of the Proficiency Testing are published non-anonymously in accordance with the agreement 
of the National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) AQUILA network [7]. 
To ensure the confidentiality of laboratories’ information, ERLAP implements the following measures: 
-  Any administrative information supplied by a laboratory remains confidential and will not be shared with 

third parties. 

-  Access to ERLAP facilities is strictly limited to members of JRC Unit C5 and authorized personnel. 
-  A confidential password permits to access the web application for all phases of the PT exercise. 
-  By expressing interest in participating, each applicant agrees with these privacy and confidentiality poli-

cies.  

To ensure permanent and public access to the PT results, a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is associated with 
the report. 

2.3.  Collusion and falsification 

Although Proficiency Testing schemes are designed to help participants improve their performance, there is 
a risk that some may attempt to present their analytical capabilities in a misleading way. Collusion between 
participants and the falsification of results are contrary to professional ethics. Such a behaviour 

7 

 
 
undermines the benefits of PT for both the participating laboratories and the organizer, defeating 
the purpose of genuine participation. 

ERLAP's PT program operates on the assumption that participants conduct analyses and report results with 
scientific  integrity.  To  maintain  this  standard,  ERLAP  is  committed  to  preventing  and  addressing  any 
instances of collusion or result falsification.  

Through a protocol sent before the exercise, every participant  was made aware of the consequences of 
detected collusion or falsification that are unethical and constitute scientific fraud. If a clear situation of 
collusion or falsification is identified, the involved participants will be contacted. Upon confirmation of the 
evidence, these participants will be excluded from the PT data evaluation. 

8 

 
 
 
 
3.  Participants and equipment 

Twenty-two countries, along with the JRC/ERLAP, took part in this PT. 23 laboratories measured PM10, and 
22 measured PM2.5. JRC-ERLAP contributed with two samplers for PM10 and three for PM2.5. 

Table 1. Participant Countries and laboratories 

Country 

Acronym  Laboratory 

Accreditation 

Austria (AT) 

EAA 

Environment Agency Austria 

Belgium (BE) 

ISSeP 

Institut Scientifique de Service Public 

Belgium (BE) 

VMM 

Flemish Environmental Agency 

Bulgaria (BG) 

EEA 

Executive Environmental Agency 

Croatia (HR) 

IMROH 

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational 
Health 

Czechia (CZ) 

CHMI 

Czech Hydrometeorological Institute 

Denmark (DK) 

DCE 

National Environmental Research Institute 

Estonia (EE) 

EERC 

Estonian Environmental Research Centre 

Finland (FI) 

FMI 

Finnish Meteorological Institute 

France (FR) 

INERIS 

Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des 
Risques 

Germany (DE) 

LANUV 

Landesamt fur Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz 

Hungary (HU) 

HungaroMet Hungarian Meteorological Service 

Ireland (IE) 

EPA 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Italy (IT) 

Italy (IT) 

ERLAP 

European Reference Laboratory for Air Pollution 

ISPRA 

Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and 
Research 

Lithuania (LT) 

AAA 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Luxembourg (LU) 

AEV 

Service Surveillance et Controle de la Qualite de Air 

Norway (NO) 

NILU 

Norwegian Institute for Air Research 

Montenegro (ME) 

CETI 

Center for Ecotoxicological Research Podgorica LLC 

Poland (PL) 

GIOS 

Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection 

Slovakia (SK) 

SHI 

Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute 

Slovenia (SI) 

EARS 

Environment Agency of Republic of Slovenia 

Spain (ES) 

ISCIII 

Instituto De Salud Carlos III 

Sweden (SE) 

ACES 

Stockholm University 

Source: JRC 2025 

ISO 17043 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025, ISO 17043 

ISO 17025, ISO 17043 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17043 

ISO 17025, ISO 17043 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

None 

ISO 17043 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

ISO 17025 

All laboratories registered to this PT are listed Table 1. Most of these laboratories are accredited for PM 
measurements according to ISO 17025 [3]. 

Each participant provided information regarding the type of filter material and sampler/analyser used (Table 
2 and Table 3).  

9 

 
 
 
Table 2. Instruments and filter materials used for sampling/measuring PM10. In green high-volume samplers, in pink 
equivalent method. 

Laboratory 

Instrument 

LANUV 
LANUV 
LANUV 
ISCIII 
ISPRA 
GIOS 
GIOS 

VMM 

NILU 

CHMI 

CHMI 

DCE 

EEA 

ERLAP 

ERLAP 

SHI 

AAA 
EERC 
EPA 

FMI 

ISSeP 

ISSeP 

AEV 

INERIS 

ACES 

EARS 
EAA 
HungaroMet 

IMROH 

CETI 

Source: JRC 2025 

SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
Digitel DHA-80 
Digitel DHA-80 
DIGITEL DPA-14 
DadoLab Dual Channel 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
BAM 1020 
COMDE DERENDA PNS 18T-
DM-3.1 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
PALAS Fidas 200/200 E 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
DadoLab Giano 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
Digitel DHA-80 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
GRIMM EDM 180 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
COMDE DERENDA PNS T-DM-
3.1 
Digitel DHA-80 
DIGITEL DPA-14 
Digitel DHA-80 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 
CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-RV 

PM10 

ID 

SEQ_14 LANUV 
Digitel_70 LANUV 
Digitel_69 LANUV 
ZM-MT-25 
159B 
1 
3 

Method 

Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
β-Absorption 

Filter 

Glass fiber 
Glass fiber 
Quartz 
Quartz 
Quartz 
Quartz 

25II01002 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

18/0054 

Gravimetric 

PTFE 

19/0061 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

11847 

Optical counter 

17/0106 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

SQ111A720220138 

Gravimetric 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

Quartz 

186 

66 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

19/0056 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

17/0162 
Nr. 1548 
19/0173 A0110 

Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 

Quartz 
Quartz 
Glass fiber 

SEQ1 

L1 

Gravimetric 

PTFE 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

Optical counter 

24-146 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

M-CE-21620 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

10459 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 

Gravimetric 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 
Glass fiber 
Quartz 

Quartz 

Quartz 

5103 
061 
1775 

18/0061 

16/0085 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 3. Instruments and filter materials used for sampling/measuring PM2.5. In pink equivalent method. 

Laboratory 

Instrument 

LANUV 

ISCIII 
ISPRA 

GIOS 

VMM 

NILU 

CHMI 

CHMI 

DCE 

EEA 

ERLAP 

ERLAP 

ERLAP 

SHI 

AAA 

EPA 

FMI 

ISSeP 

ISSeP 

AEV 

INERIS 

ACES 

EARS 

EAA 

HungaroMet 

IMROH 

CETI 

SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 
DIGITEL DPA-14 
DadoLab Dual Channel 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 
COMDE DERENDA PNS 
18T-DM-3.1 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
PALAS Fidas 200/200 E 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
DadoLab Giano 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
GRIMM EDM 180 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
COMDE DERENDA PNS T-
DM-3.1 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 
DIGITEL DPA-14 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV CD 
SVEN LECKEL SEQ47/50-
RV 

PM2.5 

ID 

Method 

Filter 

SEQ_25 LANUV 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

ZM-MT-26 
159A 

2 

Gravimetric 
Gravimetric 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 
Quartz 

Quartz 

26II01002 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

11/0051 

Gravimetric 

PTFE 

19/0156 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

11847 

Optical counter 

23/0096 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

SQ111A720220138 

Gravimetric 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

Quartz 

68 

116 

78 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

10/0071 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

17/0161 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

19/0174 A0111 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

SEQ2 

Gravimetric 

PTFE 

Optical counter 

L2 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

24-147 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

M-CE-21625 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

10461 

Gravimetric 

PTFE+Glass fiber 

17/0069 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

001 

2940 

Gravimetric 

Glass fiber 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

18/0063 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

23/0068 

Gravimetric 

Quartz 

11 

 
 
 
 
4.  Measurement site 

4.1.  Location 

The chosen sampling site is located on the roof of Building 44 within the Joint Research Centre (JRC) site in 
Ispra, Italy. The area is secured, and access is restricted. 

The site is in the Po Valley in Northern Italy and can be considered a regional background air monitoring 
site. It experiences varying levels of particulate matter due to a mix of influences: the region is affected by 
the polluted air of the Po Valley but is also periodically exposed to clean air brought by strong Foehn winds 
from the Alps. 
The  roof  of  Building  44  is  about  6  meters  above  ground  level  and  has  no  close  surrounding  obstacles. 
Nearby roads are used mainly by JRC personnel during morning, lunch, and evening commuting.  
Figure 1 shows a picture of the measurement site with the installed samplers. 

Figure 1. Measurement site in Ispra, Italy 

Source: JRC 2025 

All instruments were labelled with the laboratory’s details and checked daily by JRC staff according to a 
predefined  check  list.  In  case  of  malfunction,  participants  were  notified,  and  JRC  staff  addressed  the 
problems upon feedback whenever possible. 

4.2.  Homogeneity 

Field homogeneity was ensured through strategic instrument placement at each corner of the sampling 
area. The homogeneity was assessed by calculating the averaged residual between daily measurements 
from instruments at opposite corners. The observed residuals were 0.45 µg/m³ for PM₁₀ and 0.71 µg/m³ for 
PM₂.₅, both well below the maximum allowed limit (ubsₘₐₓ = 2 µg/m³)  for in-between sampler uncertainty 
specified in EN 12341 [2]. Since these values confirm compliance with the EN standard [2], the field was 
deemed homogeneous, and no additional uncertainty contribution was assigned to the measured values 
due to spatial variability. 

12 

 
 
 
Figure 2. Scatter plots of two PM10 and two PM2.5 samplers placed at the sampling field corners  

4.3.  Meteorological conditions 

Source: JRC 2025 

The  meteorological  conditions  during  the  sampling  period  were  monitored  by  the  JRC’s  meteorological 
station (Figure 3). 

Temperature: Average 5.4 °C (range: -3.4 to 18.2 °C)  

- 
-  Humidity: Average 84.5% (range: 17.4 to 100%)  
-  Wind: Average speed 0.5 m/s (maximum 5.1 m/s) Calm conditions: 71.7% of hours with wind speed 

< 0.5 m/s  
Total rainfall: 99.2 mm 

- 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 3. Meteorological data plots 

Wind direction 

Source: JRC 2025 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
5.  PM data analysis 

5.1.  Blunder identification 

In accordance with ISO 13528 [4], the PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ datasets were visually inspected to detect anomalies 
and remove obvious blunders before applying robust statistical methods. 

One laboratory reported suspicious results for both PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ on the same sampling day. Despite being 
contacted,  the  laboratory  provided  no  feedback.  No  other  blunders  (e.g.,  measurement  artefacts  or 
transcription errors) were identified, nor was there evidence of procedural anomalies—including calendar 
effects or data entry inconsistencies. The submitted data were thus validated as definitive measurements, 
allowing for subsequent performance assessment. 

5.2.  Standard deviation for proficiency assessment (𝝈𝒑𝒕) 

The  standard  deviation  for  proficiency  assessment  (𝜎𝑝𝑡)  was  calculated  based  on  the  maximum 
measurement uncertainty of the method, as specified in the EN 12341 standard [2]. This approach ensures 
that the criterion is independent of participants’ performance and allows for consistent comparison with 
results from previous and future PTs. 

The calculation of 𝜎𝑝𝑡 is based on the following equation: 

Equation 1 

2
𝑢𝑚

𝜎𝑝𝑡 = √

(𝑚𝑙 − 𝑚𝑢)2 + 𝑢𝑓

2 +

2
𝑢𝑏𝑠
𝐶2 ⋅ 𝐶 

Where: 

-  𝜎𝑝𝑡 Standard deviation for proficiency assessment in µg/m³ 
-  𝑢𝑚  mass uncertainty = 47 µg 
-  𝑚𝑙 − 𝑚𝑢 = mass loaded – mass unloaded, calculated at the level of concentration 𝐶 
-  𝑢𝑓  flow relative uncertainty = 1.3% 
-  𝑢𝑏𝑠  between-sampler uncertainty = 2 µg/m³ 
-  𝐶  actual PM concentration (daily average) in µg/m³ 

5.2.1.  Functional correlation between 𝝈𝒑𝒕 and the concentration values 

A functional correlation between the standard deviation  𝜎𝑝𝑡 and the mass concentration is illustrated in 
Figure 4. This graph shows the range of 𝜎𝑝𝑡 values that can occur within a PM concentration interval of 0–
100 µg/m³. In Table 4 for each assigned values are reported the correspondent 𝜎𝑝𝑡 values. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 4. Proficiency Test Standard Deviation vs PM mass concentration 

1

 Source: JRC 2025 

5.3.  Assigned Values 

The reference PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ values (𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃) obtained as averages of JRC-ERLAP’s two sampler’s data 
installed at the opposite corner of the sampling site.  

For each daily value the ERLAP mean uncertainty (𝑢(𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃)) is calculated as  

          Equation 2 

𝑢(𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃) =

√𝑢2(𝑥1)+𝑢2(𝑥2)
2

𝑢(𝑥𝑖)  uncertainty of instruments used 
𝑖 = 1,2  

The values 𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃 were compared to robust averages 𝑥∗ (ISO 13528 § 7.8) [4] using the criterion: 

         Equation 3 

|𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃 − 𝑥∗| ≤ 2√𝑢2(𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃) +   𝑢2(𝑥∗)  

JRC-ERLAP’s measurements pass this robustness confirmation test, however, to assess whether the 
assigned value is  suitable  for  performance evaluation,  it must  be verified  that  its  uncertainty  is 
sufficiently  small  compared  to  σpt  (defined  here  as  the  maximum  uncertainty  allowed  by  the 
reference method). 
If the uncertainty of the assigned value (𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡)) is too large in comparison with 𝜎𝑝𝑡, there is a risk 
that some laboratories will receive questionable or unsatisfactory performance rating because of 
inaccuracy in the determination of the assigned value, rather than issues within the laboratories. 
themselves. Therefore, the uncertainties of the ERLAP values are compared to 𝜎𝑝𝑡 to mitigate this 
risk. 

16 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 5. 𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃 uncertainties vs 0.3 σpt  

Source: JRC 2025 

Since 𝑢(𝑥ERLAP) is always greater than  0.3𝜎𝑝𝑡 (Figure  5), the standard uncertainty cannot be considered 
negligible (ISO 13528 [4]). Therefore, this uncertainty should be included when interpreting the proficiency 
test results using the 𝑧′score.  
The z’ score is used to evaluate laboratory performance by taking into account both the 𝜎𝑝𝑡 (the method’s 
maximum  permissible  uncertainty)  and  the  uncertainty  of  the  assigned  value.  If  the  assigned  value 
uncertainty is large, the denominator of the z’ score (which includes this uncertainty) becomes larger. In this 
scenario, the current performance assessment metric would not be fit for purpose. This artificially inflates 
the acceptance threshold, making it easier for laboratories to achieve a 'satisfactory' rating even if their 
measurements are not as precise or accurate as intended. 
As a result, it was decided to adopt the robust mean of all participants’ results as the assigned values for 
the evaluation of this PT. 

5.3.1.  Statistical evaluation according to ISO 13528 

The assigned value (𝑥𝑝𝑡) for this proficiency test was determined using the robust average (𝑥∗), calculated 
in accordance with ISO 13528 § 7.7 [4]. The robust average (𝑥∗) and the robust standard deviation (s*) were 
derived through an iterative procedure designed to minimize the influence of outliers. The values of 𝑥∗ and 
s* were refined iteratively until convergence was achieved, defined as no change in the third significant digit 
of 𝑥∗ and s* between successive iterations. 

17 

 
 
 
5.3.2.  Estimation of the uncertainty of the assigned value 

When the assigned value is derived as a robust average, ISO 13528 [4] recommends estimating the 
standard uncertainty of the assigned value, 𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡), using the following equation: 

Equation 4 

𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡) =

1.25 ⋅ 𝑠∗

√𝑝

where:   - 𝑠∗ is the robust standard deviation 

 - 𝑝 is the number of participant results.  

Figure  6  presents  a  comparison  between  the  uncertainty  of  the  assigned  value    𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡)   and  standard 
deviation for proficiency assessment σpt . 

Figure 6. Comparison of 𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡) and σpt for PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ 

Source: JRC 2025 

It is observed that only for few values does u(xpt) exceeds 0.3 times σpt These situations typically occur on 
days with high PM concentrations. 
The daily expanded uncertainty of the assigned value, 𝑈(𝑥𝑝𝑡), is calculated using a coverage factor 𝑘 = 2, 
providing an approximate 95% confidence level: 

18 

 
 
 
 
         Equation 5 

𝑈(𝑥𝑝𝑡) = 2 ⋅ 𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡) 

The resulting expanded uncertainties are reported in Table 4. 

5.4.  PM10 and PM2.5 assigned daily values 

The daily assigned values ranged from 4.6 to 73 µg/m³ for PM10 and from 3.6 to 67 µg/m³ for PM2.5. Table 
4  shows  the  assigned  daily  values,  their  expanded  uncertainty  and  the  number  of  laboratories  (p)  who 
submitted the daily value on the respective day and the σₚₜ. 

Table 4. Assigned values, uncertainties and σₚₜ for PM10 and PM2.5 on the measurement period 

PM10 

PM2.5 

Day 

Assigned Value   Exp. unc.  Number 

µg/m³ 

of 
values 

2025-01-23 

2025-01-24 

2025-01-25 

2025-01-26 

2025-01-27 

2025-01-28 

2025-01-29 

2025-01-30 

2025-01-31 

2025-02-01 

2025-02-02 

2025-02-03 

2025-02-04 

2025-02-05 

2025-02-06 

2025-02-07 

2025-02-08 

2025-02-09 

2025-02-10 

2025-02-11 

2025-02-12 

2025-02-13 

2025-02-14 

2025-02-15 

2025-02-16 

2025-02-17 

2025-02-18 

15 

23 

22 

9.6 

6.3 

4.6 

15 

10 

18 

10 

11 

12 

36 

36 

34 

37 

32 

13 

18 

32 

26 

27 

12 

18 

37 

40 

43 

0.58 

0.66 

0.64 

0.38 

0.44 

0.34 

0.58 

0.62 

0.64 

0.68 

0.54 

0.42 

1.2 

1.1 

0.96 

0.86 

0.82 

0.44 

0.58 

1.4 

0.82 

0.92 

0.52 

0.44 

0.88 

1.0 

1.2 

25 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

26 

24 

26 

27 

26 

27 

27 

26 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

σₚₜ 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

19 

Assigned Value  Exp. unc.  Number 

σₚₜ 

µg/m³ 

13 

20 

19 

8.7 

5.6 

3.6 

12 

9.0 

15 

8.9 

9.1 

9.8 

31 

31 

30 

32 

30 

12 

16 

28 

22 

23 

10 

15 

33 

32 

36 

0.52 

0.72 

0.70 

0.46 

0.44 

0.38 

0.60 

0.46 

0.76 

0.68 

0.56 

0.54 

1.1 

1.3 

0.96 

1.0 

0.96 

0.50 

0.68 

0.90 

0.84 

1.0 

0.64 

0.52 

1.0 

0.98 

1.5 

of 
values 

σₚₜ 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

24 

23 

24 

25 

24 

24 

25 

25 

24 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

 
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PM10 

PM2.5 

Assigned Value  Exp. unc.  Number 

σₚₜ 

Day 

Assigned Value   Exp. unc.  Number 

µg/m³ 

of 
values 

2025-02-19 

2025-02-20 

2025-02-21 

2025-02-22 

2025-02-23 

2025-02-24 

2025-02-25 

44 

53 

61 

73 

54 

57 

50 

2025-02-26 

7.1 

2025-02-27 

2025-02-28 

2025-03-01 

2025-03-02 

2025-03-03 

2025-03-04 

2025-03-05 

15 

24 

12 

11 

21 

26 

27 

1.3 

1.5 

1.6 

2.2 

1.7 

2.0 

1.5 

0.52 

0.54 

0.70 

0.62 

0.62 

0.54 

0.76 

0.90 

26 

26 

25 

25 

24 

26 

26 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

26 

26 

24 

σₚₜ 

2.2 

2.3 

2.3 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

Source: JRC 2025 

µg/m³ 

35 

44 

54 

67 

48 

51 

46 

5.8 

12 

20 

10 

9.5 

17 

21 

21 

1.0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.4 

2.0 

1.5 

1.1 

0.56 

0.68 

0.80 

0.60 

0.58 

0.76 

1.0 

0.90 

of 
values 

σₚₜ 

24 

25 

23 

23 

23 

23 

23 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

24 

2.2 

2.2 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

Figure 7. Assigned values for PM10 and PM2.5 for the measurement period 

Source: JRC 2025 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.4.1.  Distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations 

The frequency distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are shown in Figure 8. The histograms illustrate 
the  frequency  of  different  concentration  levels  for  both  PM  size  fractions,  providing  insights  into  their 
distribution patterns during the sampling period. 

Figure 8. Distributions of PM10 (top) and PM2.5 (bottom) concentration levels 

Source: JRC 2025 

21 

 
6.  Performance data evaluation 

6.1.  Data capture 

The data capture for PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ measurements are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. The data capture is 
defined as the percentage of days with valid measurements compared to the total number of days in the 
sampling period. 

Table 5. PM10 data capture 

Laboratory 

N. samples PM10 

Data capture % 

100 
95 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
93 
100 
100 
100 
100 
98 
90 
100 
100 
100 
93 
95 
100 
98 
100 
100 
100 
79 
100 
100 

AAA_17/0162 
ACES_10459 
AEV_24-146 
CETI_16/0085 
CHMI_19/0061 
DCE_17/0106 
EAA_061 
EARS_5103 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
EERC_Nr. 1548 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
ERLAP_186 
ERLAP_66 
FMI_SEQ1 
GIOS_1 
HungaroMet_1775 
IMROH_18/0061 
INERIS_M-CE-21620 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISPRA_159B 
ISSeP_L1 
LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV 
LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV 
LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV 
NILU_18/0054 
SHI_19/0056 
VMM_25II01002 

Source: JRC 2025 

42 
40 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
39 
42 
42 
42 
42 
41 
38 
42 
42 
42 
39 
40 
42 
41 
42 
42 
42 
33 
42 
42 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 6. PM2.5 data capture 

Laboratory 

N. samples PM2.5 

Data capture % 

AAA_17/0161 
ACES_10461 
AEV_24-147 
CETI_23/0068 
CHMI_19/0156 
DCE_23/0096 
EAA_001 
EARS_17/0069 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
EPA_19/0174 A0111 
ERLAP_116 
ERLAP_68 
ERLAP_78 
FMI_SEQ2 
GIOS_2 
HungaroMet_2940 
IMROH_18/0063 
INERIS_M-CE-21625 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISPRA_159A 
ISSeP_L2 
LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV 
NILU_11/0051 
SHI_10/0071 
VMM_26II01002 

42 
40 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
39 
42 
39 
42 
42 
42 
40 
42 
41 
42 
42 
34 
42 
42 

100 
95 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
93 
100 
93 
100 
100 
100 
95 
100 
98 
100 
100 
81 
100 
100 

Source: JRC 2025 

All participants, except for one laboratory, achieved the minimum data capture rates of 90% requested by 
the Air Quality Directive [1]. Two laboratories, using PTFE filters, achieved lower data capture on PM10 rates 
ranging from 79% to 90%. This reduction in efficiency was probably due to the high humidity and elevated 
PM concentration in the Po Valley’s which led to clogging of the filters.  

6.2.  Performance Indicators 

Definitions,  equations  and  evaluation  criteria  relating  to  different  performance  indicators  are  provided. 
Participants’ performance assessment based on these indicators is presented in section 6.3. 

6.2.1.  z and z’ scores  

The indicators named z and z’ score are the most commonly used performance metric, as they measure the 
deviation of a result from the assigned value. The z score was chosen as the main performance indicator 
when the following condition was met: 𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡) < 0.3𝜎𝑝𝑡. 

For  a  few  specific  measurement  days  where  𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡) > 0.3𝜎𝑝𝑡,  the  z’  score  metric  was  used  for  data 
evaluation instead. 

The indicator z score evaluates the difference between a participant’s measured value and the assigned 
value,  normalized  by  the  standard  deviation  for  proficiency  assessment  (𝜎𝑝𝑡),  while  for  z’  score  the 

23 

 
denominator is the square root of the quadratic sum of the standard deviation for proficiency assessment 
and the standard uncertainty of the assigned value as expressed in the following equations: 

                                    Equation 6 

                                 Equation 7 

𝑧 =

𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝𝑡
𝜎𝑝𝑡

𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝𝑡

𝑧′ =

√𝜎𝑝𝑡

2
2 + 𝑢(𝑥𝑝𝑡)

The interpretation of the z and z’ score values follow the criteria defined in ISO 13528 [4]: 

         |𝑧 or 𝑧′| ≤ 2: Satisfactory 
2 < |𝑧 or 𝑧′| < 3: Questionable 
         |𝑧 or 𝑧′| ≥ 3: Unsatisfactory 

The z or z’ score results are presented in tables and graphical charts for each laboratory and each day of 
the PT, as shown in Annex 1.  
In section 6.3 a graphical overview of z and z’ score evaluation is reported. Performance thresholds are 
indicated  with  green  and  red  lines.  For  indicators  between  the  green  lines  the  results  are  satisfactory, 
between the green and red lines they are questionable and beyond the red lines they are unsatisfactory. 

6.2.2.  En score  

In  addition  to  the  z  or  z’  score,  the  En-score  was  also  evaluated.  This  metric  compares  the  difference 
between a participant’s result and the assigned value, normalized by the square root of the quadratic sum 
of the expanded uncertainties of both the participant’s measurement and the assigned value. It is calculated 
according to ISO 13528 [4] as: 

          Equation 8 

𝐸𝑛 =

𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏 − 𝑥𝑝𝑡

2
√𝑈(𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏)2 + 𝑈(𝑥𝑝𝑡)

Where:  
-𝑥𝑝𝑡 = assigned value 
-𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏 = laboratory’s value 
- 𝑈(𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏) = expanded uncertainty of the participant’s value 
- 𝑈(𝑥𝑝𝑡) = expanded uncertainty of the assigned value 
The En score serves as a critical performance indicator in proficiency testing, quantifying the agreement 
between a laboratory's results and the reference value while accounting for measurement uncertainties.  
A good performance is indicated by |𝐸𝑛| < 1, while values of |𝐸𝑛| ≥ 1 suggest either a need to review the 
uncertainty estimates, or an erroneous measurement result. 
In Annex 1, participant-submitted data and all En-score values are reported for each participant and for 
each sampling day. 

6.2.2.1.  Uncertainty Analysis for PM10 and PM2.5 

En score reliability fundamentally depends on the accurate estimation of the  participant's measurement 
uncertainty. 
However, incorrect uncertainty estimates introduce critical limitations: they may lead to erroneous pass/fail 
conclusions,  compromise  interlaboratory  comparability,  and  distort  proficiency  assessment.    This 
underscores why rigorous uncertainty evaluation is prerequisite for meaningful En score interpretation. All 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
participant  laboratories reported  their uncertainties that were compared  against the reference method's 
maximum permitted uncertainty (σₚₜ) as defined in EN 12341 [2]. This comparison served two critical quality 
control functions: 
a.  Metrological validation 

- 
- 

Identify laboratories reporting a too large uncertainty (uₗₐb≫ σₚₜ) 
Flag potential underestimations (uₗₐb ≪ σₚₜ) that could indicate incomplete uncertainty budgets 

b.  Performance assessment integrity 

Ensured En scores reflect true measurement capability. 

- 
-  Maintained interlaboratory comparability by enforcing consistent uncertainty standards 

Figure 9. PM10 distribution of combined uncertainties as reported by participants 

Source: JRC 2025 

Each box represents the combined measurement uncertainty distribution for a given laboratory over the 
series of test samples, highlighting intra-laboratory variability. A comparative analysis of the boxplots shows 
the inter-laboratory variability. 

The dashed line at 2.4 µg/m³ marks the maximum uncertainty derived from EN 12341 [2], serving as a 
benchmark  for  compliance  assessment.  Laboratories  exceeding  this  threshold  may  require  further 
investigation of their uncertainty estimation or measurement protocols. 

25 

 
 
Figure 10. PM2.5 distribution of combined uncertainties as reported by participants 

Source: JRC 2025 

6.2.3.  Absolute difference and percentage difference  

The absolute difference (D) (Equation 9) is straightforward to calculate and understand. It simply measures 
the difference between the participant's result and the assigned value without considering the magnitude 
of the values involved and giving an easy method for identifying systematic biases. 
The percent difference (D%) (Equation 10) normalizes the error relative to the magnitude of the measured 
value. It is effective in identifying proportional errors, where the error is a fixed percentage of the measured 
value.  

Equation 9 

𝐷 = 𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏 − 𝑥𝑝𝑡 

Equation 10 

𝐷% =

𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏 − 𝑥𝑝𝑡
𝑥𝑝𝑡

× 100 

Where:  
 𝑥𝑝𝑡 = assigned value 
𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏 = laboratory’s value 

In Annex 1 for each laboratory the differences D of results are compared to the robustness criterion.  

Equation 11 

|𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏 − 𝑥𝑝𝑡| ≤ 2√𝑢2(𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏) + 𝑢2(𝑥𝑝𝑡)    

26 

 
 
 
  
 
The dots in the graphs of the Differences represent the |xlab-xpt| ≤ 2 √u2(xlab) + u2(xpt)  

and the dotted red lines represent the second part of equation 2√𝑢2(𝑥𝑙𝑎𝑏) + 𝑢2(𝑥𝑝𝑡) expressed in µg/m3 

and D% is compared with a criterion based on fitness for purpose or expected performance (DQO).  

These two indicators have the advantage to be a simple way to assess the absolute (D) or relative (D%) 
accuracy of measurements and to identify systematic biases or consistent differences from the assigned 
values.  

6.3.  Performance assessment 

6.3.1.  PM10 z or z’ scores 

Figure 11 presents a box plot summarizing the distribution of PM₁₀ z or z’ score values for each participant. 
The boxes display the median, interquartile range, and potential outliers in the dataset, providing a clear 
visual overview of participant’s performance. 

Figure 11. PM10 z or z’ scores results 

Source: JRC 2025 

The box plot is a valuable tool for quickly assessing the spread and central tendency of z or z’ scores, as 
well as identifying participants whose results deviate significantly from the expected range. 

Table 7 presents the percentage of satisfactory, questionable and unsatisfactory PM10 results.  
Participant’s performance was generally good, with 93% of the results found to be satisfactory. 

27 

 
 
 
 
Table 7. PM10 z or z’ score Analysis Results of PT 

Assessment 

Satisfactory (|z or z'| ≤ 2) 
Questionable (2 < |z or z'| < 3) 
Unsatisfactory (|z or z'| ≥ 3) 
Not reported Data 

Count 

1,053 
31 
25 
25 

Percentage 

92.9% 
2.7% 
2.2% 
2.2% 

Source: JRC 2025 

According to document N37 [7], any National Reference Laboratory that achieves less than 80% satisfactory 
results is required to conduct a root cause analysis of these outcomes. Following this investigation, the NRL 
must submit a comprehensive report to the Joint Research Centre describing the corrective actions planned 
to address the issues and improve future performance. 

Table  8  provides  a  summary  of  the  z  and  z’  score  unsatisfactory  and  questionable  results  for  each 
laboratory. 

Table 8. PM10 not satisfactory results by laboratories.  

Laboratory 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
HungaroMet_1775 
CETI_16/0085 
AEV_24-146 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
CHMI_19/0061 
INERIS_M-CE-21620 
VMM_25II01002 

PM10 z and z’ score not satisfactory results summary 
Unsatisfactory 
(U) 
13 
6 
2 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 

Not satisfactory 
(Q+U) 
23 
13 
5 
4 
4 
3 
2 
1 
1 

Questionable 
(Q) 
10 
7 
3 
3 
3 
3 
1 
0 
1 

% Not satisfactory 
(Q+U) 
54.8% 
31% 
11.9% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
7.1% 
4.8% 
2.4% 
2.4% 

Source: JRC 2025 

Figure 12 presents a comprehensive matrix visualization of z or z’ score evaluations for PM10 measurements 
across all participating laboratories. The matrix includes: 

-  X-axis: Sampling days 
-  Y-axis: Participant laboratories 
-  Colour coding: 

o  Green: S (Satisfactory) 
o  Yellow: Q (Questionable, underestimate) 
o  Orange: Q (Questionable, overestimate) 
o  Red: U (Unsatisfactory) 
o  Grey: NR (Not reported data) 

28 

 
 
Figure 12. PM10 z or z’ scores matrix 

Source: JRC 2025 

In the following Table 9 is reported a detailed summary of the unsatisfactory and questionable results 
identified for these performance parameters. 

Table 9. PM10 questionable and unsatisfactory results for z and z’ score 

Lab 

Date 

xpt 

xlab 

Score 

Score Type  Assessment 

AEV_24-146 
AEV_24-146 
AEV_24-146 
AEV_24-146 
CETI_16/0085 
CETI_16/0085 
CETI_16/0085 
CETI_16/0085 
CETI_16/0085 
CHMI_19/0061 
CHMI_19/0061 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 

2025-02-18 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-23 
2025-01-23 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-11 

43 
53 
61 
54 
15 
53 
54 
57 
50 
32 
61 
34 
32 

38 
48 
56 
46 
23 
77 
48 
51 
43 
39 
66 
39 
27 

29 

-2.23 
-2.08 
-2.04 
-3.28 
3.73 
9.83 
-2.56 
-2.46 
-2.93 
3.02 
2.04 
2.25 
-2.16 

z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z’ score 

Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 

 
 
 
Lab 

Date 

xpt 

xlab 

Score 

Score Type  Assessment 

EEA_SQ111A720220138 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
HungaroMet_1775 
INERIS_M-CE-21620 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
VMM_25II01002 

Source: JRC 2025 

2025-02-12 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-25 
2025-03-05 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-13 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-02-22 

26 
73 
53 
50 
27 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
26 
27 
37 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
27 
23 
18 
36 
34 
37 
32 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
21 
26 
73 

16 
67 
60 
55 
32 
43 
43 
40 
44 
37 
31 
32 
43 
66 
79 
62 
66 
59 
35 
28 
23 
43 
41 
46 
39 
24 
40 
32 
33 
17 
44 
48 
50 
49 
59 
69 
83 
62 
66 
58 
26 
31 
66 

-4.55 
-2.29 
2.91 
2.09 
2.27 
3.15 
3.15 
2.70 
3.14 
2.26 
2.27 
2.27 
2.70 
2.04 
2.29 
3.28 
3.60 
3.76 
3.63 
2.28 
2.29 
3.15 
3.16 
4.04 
3.16 
2.74 
3.46 
2.73 
2.72 
2.29 
3.14 
3.58 
3.12 
2.22 
2.49 
3.27 
3.82 
3.28 
3.60 
3.34 
2.28 
2.27 
-2.68 

z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 

Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 

30 

 
 
 
6.3.2.  PM2.5 z or z’ scores  

Table 10, Figure 13 and  

Figure 14 show the z or z’ scores for PM2.5 measurements similarly to PM10 z or z’ score values. 

Table 10. PM2.5 z or z’ score analysis results 

Assessment 

Count 

Percentage 

Satisfactory (|z or z'| ≤ 2) 
Questionable (2 < |z or z'| < 3) 
Unsatisfactory (|z or z'| ≥ 3) 
Not reported Data 

965 
35 
31 
19 

91.9% 
3.3% 
3.0% 
1.8% 

Source: JRC 2025 

Figure 13. PM2.5 z or z’ scores results 

Source: JRC 2025 

Table 11 presents a summary of z or z’ score unsatisfactory and questionable results by laboratories.  
As state in the N37 document [7] the NRL’s that obtains less than 80% of satisfactory results must analyse 
the possible causes and to send a report of corrective actions to the JRC.  

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 11. PM25 Not satisfactory results by laboratories for z and z’ score.  

PM2.5 z and z’ score not satisfactory results summary 

Laboratory 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
CHMI_19/0156 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
AEV_24-147 
CETI_23/0068 
EPA_19/0174 A0111 
FMI_SEQ2 
ACES_10461 
HungaroMet_2940 
INERIS_M-CE-21625 
Source: JRC 2025 

Questionable  
(Q) 

Unsatisfactory  
(U) 

Not Satisfactory  
(Q+U) 

% Not satisfactory 
(Q+U) 

10 
8 
5 
6 
1 
1 
2 
1 
0 
1 

12 
11 
3 
0 
3 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 

22 
19 
8 
6 
4 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 

52.4% 
45.2% 
19.0% 
14.3% 
9.5% 
4.8% 
4.8% 
2.4% 
2.4% 
2.4% 

Figure 14. PM2.5 z or z’ scores matrix  

Source: JRC 2025 

32 

 
 
In the following Table 12 is reported a summary of the questionable and unsatisfactory results identified 
for z and z’ score performance indicators. 

Table 12. PM2.5 questionable and unsatisfactory results for z and z’ score 

Lab 

Date 

xpt 

xlab 

Score 

Score Type  Assessment 

ACES_10461 
AEV_24-147 
AEV_24-147 
AEV_24-147 
AEV_24-147 
AEV_24-147 
AEV_24-147 
CETI_23/0068 
CETI_23/0068 
CETI_23/0068 
CETI_23/0068 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 
CHMI_19/0156 

2025-02-21 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-01-23 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-11 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-12 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-18 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-20 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-21 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-22 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-02-25 
EEA_SQ111A720220138  2025-03-03 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 

EPA_19/0174 A0111 
EPA_19/0174 A0111 
FMI_SEQ2 
FMI_SEQ2 
HungaroMet_2940 
INERIS_M-CE-21625 

54 
35 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
13 
32 
35 
44 
31 
30 
32 
28 
23 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
20 
17 
21 
21 
28 
22 
36 
44 
54 
67 
46 
17 
8.9 
23 
48 
51 
48 
51 

49 
30 
48 
61 
42 
45 
40 
23 
37 
42 
77 
37 
35 
38 
39 
28 
39 
42 
46 
46 
57 
66 
77 
56 
61 
54 
25 
22 
27 
29 
23 
14 
31 
38 
47 
58 
40 
11 
17 
17 
43 
46 
58 
56 

33 

-2.19 
-2.25 
-2.63 
-2.45 
-2.43 
-2.50 
-2.66 
4.66 
2.41 
3.06 
14.53 
2.71 
2.26 
2.71 
4.99 
2.28 
2.71 
4.52 
4.26 
4.95 
5.78 
5.25 
4.08 
3.24 
4.17 
3.55 
2.28 
2.29 
2.74 
3.65 
-2.27 
-3.65 
-2.13 
-2.67 
-3.06 
-3.67 
-2.66 
-2.75 
3.72 
-2.73 
-2.03 
-2.09 
4.05 
2.09 

z’ score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 

Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 

 
Lab 

Date 

xpt 

xlab 

Score 

Score Type  Assessment 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 

2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 

31 
31 
32 
28 
23 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 

Source: JRC 2025 

37 
37 
37 
34 
28 
20 
39 
39 
42 
44 
59 
69 
83 
62 
66 
58 
19 
28 
15 
14 
26 
31 

2.71 
2.71 
2.26 
2.72 
2.28 
2.29 
2.71 
3.16 
2.55 
4.05 
6.67 
6.57 
6.53 
5.67 
6.26 
5.32 
3.21 
3.65 
2.30 
2.07 
4.12 
4.56 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 
Questionable 
Questionable 
Unsatisfactory 
Unsatisfactory 

6.3.3.  Mean absolute z score: overall performance assessment 

The  ranking  presented  in  Figure  15  is  based  on  the  z  and  z’  scores  mean  absolute  for  PM₁₀  and  PM₂.₅ 
measurements,  providing a  comparative  assessment  of laboratory  performance.  The  length  of  each bar 
represents the average deviation of a laboratory's results from the assigned reference values—lower values 
indicate  better  performance,  as  they  reflect  closer  agreement  with  the  true  or  consensus  values.  By 
normalizing  for  missing  data,  the  ranking  ensures  fairness,  allowing  labs  with  incomplete  records  to  be 
evaluated without bias. 

The  colour  gradient  (red  to  green)  further  refines  the  interpretation  by  indicating  the  number  of  valid 
observations per lab. This dual metric—combining both the magnitude of deviation (bar length) and data 
completeness (colour)—allows for a comprehensive evaluation. Essentially, a lab ranking highly (short bar, 
green colour) demonstrates both precision (consistently close to reference values) and reliability (sufficient 
data), while a poor performer (tall bar, red colour) may have larger deviations and/or limited data, warranting 
further investigation into measurement accuracy or reporting consistency. 

Thus, this indicator not only ranks labs by how closely they approximate the assigned values on average 
but also contextualizes their performance based on data availability, ensuring a balanced and informative 
comparison. 

34 

 
 
 
Figure 15. Overall laboratories performance evaluation 

Source: JRC 2025 

6.3.4.  PM10 and PM2.5 En scores 

Next boxplots illustrate the distribution of the PM10 and PM2.5 En-score values for each participant. The good 
performance indication based on En scores is defined by the area between the two green horizontal lines 
that correspond to En score values of 1 and -1. 

35 

 
 
 
Figure 16. PM10 and PM2.5 En-scores boxplots 

Source: JRC 2025 

Based on the En score evaluation reported in the following tables, it is evident that the overall results are 
predominantly positive. A significant majority of the data points, around 85% for both PM10 and PM2.5, fall 
within the "Satisfactory" category, giving the indication that most of the results reported are accurate.  
However, it is crucial to acknowledge that a notable number of participants have "Unsatisfactory" results. 
For these laboratories, it is essential to investigate the reasons behind their performance. Poor performance 
in this context can be attributed to either a significant deviation from the assigned value or an incorrect 
calculation of uncertainty.  

Table 13. PM10 overview of En score evaluation 

Category  

Satisfactory (|En| < 1)  

Unsatisfactory (|En| ≥ 1)  

Not reported Data  

Source: JRC 2025 

Table 14. PM2.5 overview of En score evaluation 

Category 

Satisfactory (|En| < 1)  

Unsatisfactory (|En| ≥ 1)  

Not reported Data  

Source: JRC 2025 

Count  

964  

145  

25  

Count 

902  

129  

19 

36 

Percentage  

85%  

12.8%  

2.2%  

Percentage 

85.9%  

12.3%  

1.8%  

 
 
 
Table 15. PM10 participants En score unsatisfactory results  

Lab 

Unsatisfactory 

% Unsatisfactory 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
CETI_16/0085 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
HungaroMet_1775 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
FMI_SEQ1 
LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV 
LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV 
LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV 
EERC_Nr. 1548 
AEV_24-146 
EARS_5103 
AAA_17/0162 
CHMI_19/0061 
IMROH_18/0061 
INERIS_M-CE-21620 
ISPRA_159B 
SHI_19/0056 
VMM_25II01002 

Source: JRC 2025 

29 
23 
23 
20 
10 
8 
7 
7 
4 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

69.0 
54.8 
54.8 
47.6 
23.8 
19.0 
16.7 
16.7 
9.5 
7.1 
4.8 
4.8 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 

Table 16. PM2.5 participants En score unsatisfactory results  

Lab 

Unsatisfactory 

% Unsatisfactory 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
CHMI_19/0156 
CETI_23/0068 
AEV_24-147 
LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV 
FMI_SEQ2 
EPA_19/0174 A0111 
EARS_17/0069 
VMM_26II01002 
EAA_001 
HungaroMet_2940 
IMROH_18/0063 

Source: JRC 2025 

71.4 
69.0 
61.9 
42.9 
14.3 
14.3 
9.5 
7.1 
4.8 
4.8 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 

30 
29 
26 
18 
6 
6 
4 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 

37 

 
 
 
 
6.3.5.  Deviation estimation: difference (D) and percent difference (D%) 

To conduct a preliminary analysis, the indicator “D” or “D%” in Figure 17 can help. This figure illustrates the 
difference between each laboratory's results and the assigned value, providing a clear visual representation 
of where the discrepancies lie. The difference, denoted as Di where i=(1,2,…42 day), can be expressed in the 
same unit as the assigned value (𝐷𝑖) or as a percentage (𝐷𝑖%). In the following figures the distributions of 
the differences for each participant are reported. 

Figure 17. PM10 Difference (D) and Percentage Difference (D%) Boxplots 

Source: JRC 2025 

38 

 
 
Figure 18. PM2.5 Difference (D) and Percentage Difference (D%) Boxplots 

Source: JRC 2025 

The absolute difference (D) and the percentage difference (D%) between each participant’s result and the 
assigned value are reported in Annex 1. These indicators confirmed the deviations from the assigned 
values identified with z and z’ score. 

39 

 
7.  Conclusions 

The 2025 Proficiency Testing scheme showed strong overall compliance among participating laboratories, 
with  over  90%  of  PM₁₀  and  PM₂.₅  measurements  rated  as  satisfactory  based  on  z/z’  score  evaluation. 
However, some critical issues were identified: 

•  PM₁₀ z and z’ score: 92.9% of results fell within satisfactory thresholds (|z or z’| ≤ 2), while 2.7% 
were  questionable  and  2.2%  unsatisfactory.  Two  laboratories  exhibited  relevant  and  systematic 
overestimation, with deviations up to +24 µg/m³ from assigned values. 

•  PM₂.₅ z and z’ score: Participant’s performance was similar to PM10 (91.9% satisfactory results), 
but  three  participants  reported  statistically  significant  deviations  from  the  assigned  value, 
particularly on high-concentration days. 

•  En score confirmed that most laboratories provided accurate uncertainty estimates, though a few 

obtained |En| > 1, indicating a potential under or overestimation.  

•  D  and D% are calculated in a manner similar to the  z and  z’ score. As a result, their graphical 
visualizations tend to look quite alike. These parameters serve a straightforward method to evaluate 
the magnitude of the difference between measured values and a reference value. By examining the 
boxplots  of  D  and  D%,  can  be  easily  identified  laboratories  with  a  consistent  variation  with  the 
expected value. These parameters are confirming the assessment results obtained with z and  z’ 
score. 

•  Technical Issues: Two laboratories, using PTFE filters, achieved lower data capture on PM10 rates 
ranging from 79% to 90%. This reduction in efficiency was probably due to the high humidity and 
elevated PM concentration in the Po Valley’s which led to clogging of the filters.  

Homogeneity of the sampling site was confirmed through the deployment of four samplers  strategically 
placed at the corners of the site. Of these, two samplers measured PM10 concentrations and the other two 
measured PM2.5 concentrations, with each type of sampler positioned at opposite corners. The homogeneity 
of the sampling site was confirmed with residuals consistently measured below 0.71 µg/m³ way below the 
limit of 2 µg/m³ required by the method [2].  

While these results highlight the overall robustness of European NRL performances, they also underscore 
the need for improved quality assurance plans by participants with lower performance results. They shall 
investigate the root causes of this bias, which could range from calibration issues to problems during filter 
conditioning  and  weighing.  Further  investigation  is  also  necessary  for  the  participants  who  submitted 
elevated field blank values (> 60 µg for low volume sampler).  

To enhance data quality, we recommend:   

-  optimizing conditioning procedures  
-  using at minimum one field blank per batch of samples to monitor contamination,   
-  applying all QA/QC controls required by EN 12341 [2].  

In order to avoid low data capture and missing results in case of filter clogging, it is advisable to set the 
instrument in a way to begin sampling immediately with the next filter to reach the minimum sampling 
time for a valid daily concentration (18hs). 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
References 

1.  Directive (EU) 2024/2881 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on 

ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 

2.  EN 12341:2023, Ambient air - Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination 

of the PM10 or PM2.5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

ISO 17025:2017, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laborato-
ries  

ISO 13528:2022, Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison 

ISO 5725-2:2019, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 
2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measure-
ment method 

ISO/IEC 17043, Conformity assessment - General requirements for the competence of proficiency 
testing providers. 

7.  AQUILA POSITION PAPER N. 37, Protocol for intercomparison exercise. Organisation of intercom-
parison exercises for gaseous air pollution for EU national air quality reference laboratories and 
laboratories of the WHO EURO region, 2024 

41 

 
 
 
 
List of abbreviations and definitions  

DQO 
LV 
AQUILA 
WHO-CC 
PM10 
PM2.5 
PAH 
ERLAP 
HVS 
LVS 
PT 
PTFE 
JRC 
EC 
ISO 
Avg 
U 
U 
R 
ILC 
UTC 
CEN 
NRL 
PT-DAP  

Data Quality Objective of the Air Quality European Directive 
Limit Value of the Air Quality European Directive 
Network of National Air Quality Reference Laboratories 
World Health Organisation Collaboration Centre for Air Quality 
Particulate Matter in the size fraction ≤ 10 µm aerodynamic diameter  
Particulate Matter in the size fraction ≤ 2.5 µm aerodynamic diameter 
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 
European Reference Laboratory for Air Pollution 
High Volume Sampler 
Low Volume Sampler 
Proficiency Testing scheme 
Polytetrafluoroethylene 
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission 
European Commission 
International Organisation for Standardisation 
Average 
Combined uncertainty  
Expanded Uncertainty (k=2) 
Reproducibility 
Inter-laboratory comparison exercise 
Coordinated Universal Time 
European Committee for Standardisation 
National Reference Laboratory 
Data Acquisition Platform 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
List of figures  

Figure 1. Measurement site in Ispra, Italy .......................................................................................................................... 12 

Figure 2. Scatter plots of two PM10 and two PM2.5 samplers placed at the sampling field corners .. 13 

Figure 3. Meteorological data plots ........................................................................................................................................ 14 

Figure 4. Proficiency Test Standard Deviation vs PM mass concentration ...................................................... 16 

Figure 5. 𝑥𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐴𝑃 uncertainties vs 0.3 σpt ......................................................................................................................... 17 

Figure 6. Comparison of 𝑢𝑥𝑝𝑡 and σpt for PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ ........................................................................................ 18 

Figure 7. Assigned values for PM10 and PM2.5 for the measurement period ................................................... 20 

Figure 8. Distributions of PM10 (top) and PM2.5 (bottom) concentration levels ......................................... 21 

Figure 9. PM10 distribution of combined uncertainties as reported by participants .................................... 25 

Figure 10. PM2.5 distribution of combined uncertainties as reported by participants................................ 26 

Figure 11. PM10 z or z’ scores results .................................................................................................................................... 27 

Figure 12. PM10 z or z’ scores matrix .................................................................................................................................... 29 

Figure 13. PM2.5 z or z’ scores results ................................................................................................................................... 31 

Figure 14. PM2.5 z or z’ scores matrix .................................................................................................................................... 32 

Figure 15. Overall laboratories performance evaluation ........................................................................................... 35 

Figure 16. PM10 and PM2.5 En-scores boxplots ................................................................................................................. 36 

Figure 17. PM10 Difference (D) and Percentage Difference (D%) Boxplots ..................................................... 38 

Figure 18. PM2.5 Difference (D) and Percentage Difference (D%) Boxplots .................................................... 39 

Figure 19. AAA_17/0162: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................ 50 

Figure 20. ACES_10459: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................................. 52 

Figure 21. AEV_24-146: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................... 54 

Figure 22. CETI_16/0085: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................... 56 

Figure 23. CHMI_19/0061: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................. 58 

Figure 24. DCE_17/0106: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................ 60 

Figure 25. EAA_061: PM10 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 62 

Figure 26. EARS_5103: PM10 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 64 

Figure 27. EEA_SQ111A720220138: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................... 66 

Figure 28. EERC_Nr. 1548: PM10 Results .............................................................................................................................. 68 

Figure 29. EPA_19/0173 A0110: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................ 70 

Figure 30. ERLAP_186: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................................. 72 

43 

 
Figure 31. ERLAP_66: PM10 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 74 

Figure 32. FMI_SEQ1: PM10 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 76 

Figure 33. GIOS_1: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 78 

Figure 34. HungaroMet_1775: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................. 80 

Figure 35. IMROH_18/0061: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................................... 82 

Figure 36. INERIS_M-CE-21620: PM10 Results .............................................................................................................. 84 

Figure 37. ISCIII_ZM-MT-25: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................................... 86 

Figure 38. . ISPRA_159B: PM10 Results .............................................................................................................................. 88 

Figure 39. ISSeP_L1: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 90 

Figure 40. LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV: PM10 Results................................................................................................... 92 

Figure 41. LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV: PM10 Results ................................................................................................... 94 

Figure 42. LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV: PM10 Results ........................................................................................................ 96 

Figure 43. NILU_18/0054: PM10 Results ........................................................................................................................... 98 

Figure 44. SHI_19/0056: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................ 100 

Figure 45. VMM_25II01002: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................... 102 

Figure 46. PM2.5 AAA_17/0161 Results .......................................................................................................................... 104 

Figure 47. PM2.5 ACES_10461 Results ............................................................................................................................ 106 

Figure 48. PM2.5 AEV_24-147 Results ............................................................................................................................. 108 

Figure 49. PM2.5 CETI_23/0068 Results .......................................................................................................................... 110 

Figure 50. PM2.5 CHMI_19/0156 Results ........................................................................................................................ 112 

Figure 51. PM2.5 DCE_23/0096 Results .......................................................................................................................... 114 

Figure 52. PM2.5 EAA_001 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 116 

Figure 53. PM2.5 EARS_17/0069 Results ........................................................................................................................ 118 

Figure 54. PM2.5 EEA_SQ111A720220138 Results ................................................................................................. 120 

Figure 55. PM2.5 EPA_19/0174 A0111 Results .......................................................................................................... 122 

Figure 56. PM2.5 ERLAP_116 Results ............................................................................................................................... 124 

Figure 57. PM2.5 ERLAP_68 Results ................................................................................................................................... 126 

Figure 58. PM2.5 ERLAP_78 Results ................................................................................................................................... 128 

Figure 59. PM2.5 FMI_SEQ2 Results ................................................................................................................................... 130 

Figure 60. PM2.5 GIOS_2 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 132 

Figure 61. PM2.5 HungaroMet_2940 Results................................................................................................................ 134 

44 

 
Figure 62. PM2.5 IMROH_18/0063 Results .................................................................................................................... 136 

Figure 63. PM2.5 INERIS_M-CE-21625 Results ........................................................................................................... 138 

Figure 64. PM2.5 ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 Results .................................................................................................................... 140 

Figure 65. PM2.5 ISPRA_159A Results .............................................................................................................................. 142 

Figure 66. PM2.5 ISSeP_L2 Results..................................................................................................................................... 144 

Figure 67. PM2.5 LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV Results ..................................................................................................... 146 

Figure 68. . PM2.5 NILU_11/0051 Results ...................................................................................................................... 148 

Figure 69. PM2.5 SHI_10/0071 Results ............................................................................................................................ 150 

Figure 70. PM2.5 VMM_26II01002 Results .................................................................................................................... 152 

Figure 71. PM10 Laboratories data with and without outliers ............................................................................ 153 

Figure 72. PM2.5 Laboratories data with and without outliers  ......................................................................... 154 

Figure 73. Mandel h evaluation for PM10 and PM2.5 .............................................................................................. 156 

Figure 74. Reproducibility evaluation ................................................................................................................................. 157 

Figure 75. PM10 z or z’ scores results ................................................................................................................................. 158 

Figure 76. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E: PM10 Results ......................................................................................... 160 

Figure 77. GIOS_BAM 1020: PM10 Results ...................................................................................................................... 162 

Figure 78. ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................... 164 

Figure 79. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E: PM2.5 Results ........................................................................................ 166 

Figure 80. ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180: PM2.5 Results ...................................................................................................... 168 

45 

 
  
 
 
List of tables  

Table 1. Participant Countries and laboratories ................................................................................................................. 9 

Table 2. Instruments and filter materials used for sampling/measuring PM10. In green high-volume 
samplers, in pink equivalent method. ...................................................................................................................................... 10 

Table 3. Instruments and filter materials used for sampling/measuring PM2.5. In pink equivalent method.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 

Table 4. Assigned values, uncertainties and σₚₜ for PM10 and PM2.5 on the measurement period ..... 19 

Table 5. PM10 data capture .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 

Table 6. PM2.5 data capture ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 

Table 7. PM10 z or z’ score Analysis Results of PT .......................................................................................................... 28 

Table 8. PM10 not satisfactory results by laboratories. ............................................................................................. 28 

Table 9. PM10 questionable and unsatisfactory results for z and z’ score ....................................................... 29 

Table 10. PM2.5 z or z’ score analysis results .................................................................................................................... 31 

Table 11. PM25 Not satisfactory results by laboratories for z and z’ score. .................................................... 32 

Table 12. PM2.5 questionable and unsatisfactory results for z and z’ score ................................................... 33 

Table 13. PM10 overview of En score evaluation ............................................................................................................. 36 

Table 14. PM2.5 overview of En score evaluation ............................................................................................................ 36 

Table 15. PM10 participants En score unsatisfactory results ................................................................................... 37 

Table 16. PM2.5 participants En score unsatisfactory results ................................................................................... 37 

Table 17. AAA_17/0162: PM10 Results.................................................................................................................................. 49 

Table 18. ACES_10459: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................................... 51 

Table 19. AEV_24-146: PM10 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 53 

Table 20. CETI_16/0085: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................. 55 

Table 21. CHMI_19/0061: PM10 Results................................................................................................................................ 57 

Table 22. DCE_17/0106: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................................. 59 

Table 23. EAA_061: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 61 

Table 24. EARS_5103: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 63 

Table 25. EEA_SQ111A720220138: PM10 Results ......................................................................................................... 65 

Table 26. EERC Nr. 1548: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................. 67 

Table 27. EPA_19/0173 A0110: PM10 Results .................................................................................................................. 69 

Table 28. ERLAP_186: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 71 

Table 29. ERLAP_66: PM10 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 73 

46 

 
Table 30. FMI_SEQ1: PM10 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 75 

Table 31. GIOS_1: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 77 

Table 32. HungaroMet_1775: PM10 Results ....................................................................................................................... 79 

Table 33. IMROH_18/0061: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................ 81 

Table 34. INERIS_M-CE-21620: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................... 83 

Table 35. ISCIII_ZM-MT-25: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................ 85 

Table 36. ISPRA_159B: PM10 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 87 

Table 37. ISSeP_L1: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 89 

Table 38. LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV: PM10 Results ........................................................................................................ 91 

Table 39. LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV: PM10 Results ........................................................................................................ 93 

Table 40. LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV: PM10 Results ............................................................................................................. 95 

Table 41. NILU_18/0054: PM10 Results ................................................................................................................................ 97 

Table 42. SHI_19/0056: PM10 Results.................................................................................................................................... 99 

Table 43. VMM_25II01002: PM10 Results ......................................................................................................................... 101 

Table 44. PM2.5 AAA_17/0161 Results ............................................................................................................................... 103 

Table 45. PM2.5 ACES_10461 Results ................................................................................................................................. 105 

Table 46. PM2.5 AEV_24-147 Results ................................................................................................................................ 107 

Table 47. PM2.5 CETI_23/0068 Results ............................................................................................................................... 109 

Table 48. PM2.5 CHMI_19/0156 Results ............................................................................................................................. 111 

Table 49. PM2.5 DCE_23/0096 Results ............................................................................................................................... 113 

Table 50. PM2.5 EAA_001 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 115 

Table 51. PM2.5 EARS_17/0069 Results ............................................................................................................................. 117 

Table 52. PM2.5 EEA_SQ111A720220138 Results ...................................................................................................... 119 

Table 53. PM2.5 EPA_19/0174 A0111 Results ................................................................................................................ 121 

Table 54. PM2.5 ERLAP_116 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 123 

Table 55. PM2.5 ERLAP_68 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 125 

Table 56. PM2.5 ERLAP_78 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 127 

Table 57. PM2.5 FMI_SEQ2 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 129 

Table 58. PM2.5 GIOS_2 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 131 

Table 59. PM2.5 HungaroMet_2940 Results .................................................................................................................... 133 

Table 60. PM2.5 IMROH_18/0063 Results ......................................................................................................................... 135 

47 

 
Table 61. PM2.5 INERIS_M-CE-21625 Results ................................................................................................................ 137 

Table 62. PM2.5 ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 Results ......................................................................................................................... 139 

Table 63. PM2.5 ISPRA_159A Results................................................................................................................................... 141 

Table 64. PM2.5 ISSeP_L2 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 143 

Table 65. PM2.5 LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV Results .......................................................................................................... 145 

Table 66. PM2.5 NILU_11/0051 Results ............................................................................................................................. 147 

Table 67. PM2.5 SHI_10/0071 Results ................................................................................................................................ 149 

Table 68. PM2.5 VMM_26II01002 Results ........................................................................................................................ 151 

Table 69. Outliers removed from PM10 data .................................................................................................................. 153 

Table 70. Outliers Removed from PM2.5 Data ................................................................................................................ 154 

Table 71. PM10 and PM2.5 outliers - Mandel'h statistic .............................................................................................. 155 

Table 72. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E : PM10 Results .......................................................................................... 159 

Table 73. GIOS_BAM 1020: PM10 Results ........................................................................................................................ 161 

Table 74. ISSeP GRIMM EDM 180: PM10 Results .......................................................................................................... 163 

Table 75. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E: PM2.5 Results .......................................................................................... 165 

Table 76. ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180: PM2.5 Results ........................................................................................................ 167 

48 

 
  
 
 
ANNEX 1: PM10 and PM2.5 Proficiency Test Results 

Table 17. AAA_17/0162: PM10 Results 

AAA_17/0162 
PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

15 
22 
21 
9.8 
6.6 
5.3 
14 
10 
18 
9.9 
11 
12 
33 
34 
31 
34 
29 
13 
17 
31 
24 
25 
12 
17 
35 
38 
39 
40 
50 
58 
69 
50 
55 
49 
8.0 
16 
24 
12 
12 
21 
28 
27 

2.1 
2.5 
2.4 
1.9 
1.8 
1.8 
2.1 
1.9 
2.2 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
3.2 
3.3 
3.1 
3.3 
3.0 
2.0 
2.2 
3.1 
2.6 
2.7 
2.0 
2.2 
3.4 
3.6 
3.7 
3.8 
4.5 
5.1 
6.0 
4.6 
4.9 
4.4 
1.8 
2.1 
2.6 
2.0 
1.9 
2.4 
2.9 
2.8 

0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.09 
0.14 
0.32 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.35 
-0.90 
-1.35 
-1.35 
-1.36 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.43 
-0.91 
-0.91 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.90 
-0.89 
-1.78 
-1.78 
-1.25 
-1.23 
-1.53 
-1.64 
-0.80 
-0.42 
0.41 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
0.91 
0.00 

49 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
-0.39 
-0.40 
0.10 
0.16 
0.38 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.88 
-0.58 
-0.92 
-0.88 
-0.96 
0.00 
-0.44 
-0.30 
-0.73 
-0.70 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.57 
-0.53 
-1.03 
-1.00 
-0.63 
-0.56 
-0.63 
-0.82 
-0.38 
-0.21 
0.48 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.50 
0.00 
0.67 
0.00 

0.00 
0.0 
-4.35 
-1.0 
-4.55 
-1.0 
2.08 
0.2 
0.3 
4.76 
0.7  15.22 
-6.67 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-1.00 
-0.1 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-8.33 
-3.0 
-5.56 
-2.0 
-8.82 
-3.0 
-8.11 
-3.0 
-9.38 
-3.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-5.56 
-1.0 
-3.12 
-1.0 
-7.69 
-2.0 
-7.41 
-2.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-5.56 
-1.0 
-5.41 
-2.0 
-5.00 
-2.0 
-9.30 
-4.0 
-9.09 
-4.0 
-5.66 
-3.0 
-4.92 
-3.0 
-5.48 
-4.0 
-7.41 
-4.0 
-3.51 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-2.00 
0.9  12.68 
6.67 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
9.09 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
7.69 
2.0 
0.00 
0.0 

 
 
 
Figure 19. AAA_17/0162: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

50 

 
 
 
 
Table 18. ACES_10459: PM10 Results 

ACES_10459 

PM10 data capture = 95 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

15 
22 
22 
9.5 
6.6 
4.6 
14 
10 
18 
9.9 
10 
11 
37 
36 
34 
38 
34 
14 
18 
34 
27 
27 
11 
17 
38 
41 
43 
44 
52 
61 
72 

52 
6.6 
14 
24 
12 
11 
20 
25 
25 

1.40 
2.00 
2.00 
0.86 
0.60 
0.41 
1.30 
0.93 
1.60 
0.90 
0.93 
1.00 
3.40 
3.20 
3.10 
3.50 
3.10 
1.20 
1.60 
3.10 
2.40 
2.50 
1.00 
1.50 
3.40 
3.70 
3.90 
3.90 
4.70 
5.50 
6.50 

4.70 
0.59 
1.30 
2.10 
1.10 
1.00 
1.80 
2.20 
2.30 

0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.05 
0.14 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.05 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.90 
0.46 
0.00 
0.86 
0.45 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.42 
0.00 
-0.38 

0.83 
-0.23 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-0.91 

51 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
-0.47 
0.00 
-0.11 
0.40 
0.00 
-0.70 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.09 
-0.93 
-0.92 
0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.28 
0.62 
0.78 
0.00 
0.59 
0.39 
0.00 
-0.89 
-0.64 
0.28 
0.26 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.20 
0.00 
-0.15 

0.40 
-0.64 
-0.71 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.53 
-0.43 
-0.81 

0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.1 
0.3 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.1 
-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 

2.0 
-0.5 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 

0.00 
-4.35 
0.00 
-1.04 
4.76 
0.00 
-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.00 
-9.09 
-8.33 
2.78 
0.00 
0.00 
2.70 
6.25 
7.69 
0.00 
6.25 
3.85 
0.00 
-8.33 
-5.56 
2.70 
2.50 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.89 
0.00 
-1.37 

4.00 
-7.04 
-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.76 
-3.85 
-7.41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 20. ACES_10459: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

52 

 
 
Table 19. AEV_24-146: PM10 Results 

AEV_24-146 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

13 
20 
20 
7.1 
4.1 
3.6 
13 
8.6 
17 
8.2 
8.5 
11 
34 
33 
32 
34 
28 
11 
15 
28 
22 
23 
10 
14 
34 
37 
38 
40 
48 
56 
68 
46 
52 
46 
6.0 
13 
21 
9.4 
9.8 
18 
24 
25 

4.08 
4.20 
4.18 
4.02 
4.01 
4.01 
4.08 
4.04 
4.13 
4.03 
4.04 
4.06 
4.52 
4.49 
4.47 
4.54 
4.37 
4.06 
4.11 
4.37 
4.23 
4.24 
4.05 
4.10 
4.51 
4.60 
4.64 
4.70 
4.98 
5.31 
5.81 
4.91 
5.14 
4.91 
4.02 
4.08 
4.20 
4.04 
4.05 
4.16 
4.27 
4.29 

-0.92 
-1.37 
-0.91 
-1.15 
-1.01 
-0.46 
-0.92 
-0.64 
-0.46 
-0.83 
-1.15 
-0.46 
-0.90 
-1.35 
-0.90 
-1.35 
-1.81 
-0.92 
-1.37 
-1.73 
-1.82 
-1.82 
-0.92 
-1.83 
-1.35 
-1.34 
-2.23 
-1.78 
-2.08 
-2.04 
-1.91 
-3.28 
-2.00 
-1.67 
-0.51 
-0.92 
-1.37 
-1.19 
-0.55 
-1.37 
-0.91 
-0.91 

53 

Score 
Type 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

En 

D 

D% 

-0.49 
-0.71 
-0.47 
-0.62 
-0.55 
-0.25 
-0.49 
-0.34 
-0.24 
-0.44 
-0.61 
-0.24 
-0.43 
-0.65 
-0.44 
-0.65 
-0.90 
-0.49 
-0.72 
-0.87 
-0.93 
-0.92 
-0.49 
-0.97 
-0.65 
-0.64 
-1.05 
-0.82 
-0.96 
-0.90 
-0.80 
-1.54 
-0.91 
-0.78 
-0.27 
-0.49 
-0.70 
-0.64 
-0.29 
-0.72 
-0.46 
-0.46 

-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-2.5 
-2.2 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.4 
-1.0 
-1.8 
-2.5 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-2.0 
-4.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-5.0 
-4.0 
-5.0 
-5.0 
-5.0 
-8.0 
-5.0 
-4.0 
-1.1 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.6 
-1.2 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 

-13.33 
-13.04 
-9.09 
-26.04 
-34.92 
-21.74 
-13.33 
-14.00 
-5.56 
-18.00 
-22.73 
-8.33 
-5.56 
-8.33 
-5.88 
-8.11 
-12.50 
-15.38 
-16.67 
-12.50 
-15.38 
-14.81 
-16.67 
-22.22 
-8.11 
-7.50 
-11.63 
-9.09 
-9.43 
-8.20 
-6.85 
-14.81 
-8.77 
-8.00 
-15.49 
-13.33 
-12.50 
-21.67 
-10.91 
-14.29 
-7.69 
-7.41 

 
Figure 21. AEV_24-146: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

54 

 
 
 
 
Table 20. CETI_16/0085: PM10 Results 

CETI_16/0085 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

23.15 
20.07 
17.80 
7.53 
4.57 
3.95 
11.63 
8.78 
15.02 
7.90 
10.15 
11.01 
32.23 
32.87 
31.84 
36.26 
31.25 
14.29 
18.83 
28.78 
23.77 
23.85 
12.11 
17.35 
35.00 
37.33 
40.55 
41.79 
76.67 
57.98 
68.33 
47.76 
50.84 
42.99 
9.40 
14.37 
19.67 
9.81 
9.11 
18.61 
24.61 
24.10 

2.08 
1.81 
1.60 
0.68 
0.41 
0.36 
1.05 
0.79 
1.35 
0.71 
0.91 
0.99 
2.90 
2.96 
2.87 
3.26 
2.81 
1.29 
1.69 
2.59 
2.14 
2.15 
1.09 
1.56 
3.15 
3.36 
3.65 
3.76 
6.90 
5.22 
6.15 
4.30 
4.58 
3.87 
0.85 
1.29 
1.77 
0.88 
0.82 
1.67 
2.21 
2.17 

3.73 
-1.34 
-1.92 
-0.95 
-0.80 
-0.30 
-1.54 
-0.56 
-1.36 
-0.96 
-0.39 
-0.45 
-1.70 
-1.41 
-0.97 
-0.33 
-0.34 
0.59 
0.38 
-1.39 
-1.01 
-1.43 
0.05 
-0.30 
-0.90 
-1.19 
-1.09 
-0.98 
9.83 
-1.23 
-1.79 
-2.56 
-2.46 
-2.93 
1.06 
-0.29 
-1.97 
-1.00 
-0.87 
-1.09 
-0.63 
-1.32 

55 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

8.15 
3.77 
-2.93 
-1.52 
-4.20 
-2.44 
-2.07 
-2.66 
-1.73 
-2.88 
-0.65 
-1.31 
-3.37 
-2.81 
-1.22 
-1.21 
-2.98 
-1.99 
-2.10 
-2.14 
-0.85 
-0.80 
-0.99 
-0.92 
-3.77 
-1.20 
-3.13 
-0.99 
-2.16 
-0.71 
-0.74 
-0.22 
-0.75 
-0.26 
1.29 
0.95 
0.83 
0.46 
-3.22 
-1.10 
-2.23 
-0.97 
-3.15 
-1.35 
0.11 
0.09 
-0.65 
-0.40 
-2.00 
-0.61 
-2.67 
-0.76 
-2.45 
-0.64 
-2.21 
-0.56 
3.35  23.67 
-3.02 
-0.55 
-4.67 
-0.71 
-6.24 
-1.35 
-6.16 
-1.23 
-7.01 
-1.68 
2.30 
2.31 
-0.63 
-0.45 
-4.33 
-2.27 
-2.19 
-2.03 
-1.89 
-1.84 
-2.39 
-1.36 
-1.39 
-0.59 
-2.90 
-1.23 

54.33 
-12.74 
-19.09 
-21.56 
-27.46 
-14.13 
-22.47 
-12.20 
-16.56 
-21.00 
-7.73 
-8.25 
-10.47 
-8.69 
-6.35 
-2.00 
-2.34 
9.92 
4.61 
-10.06 
-8.58 
-11.67 
0.92 
-3.61 
-5.41 
-6.68 
-5.70 
-5.02 
44.66 
-4.95 
-6.40 
-11.56 
-10.81 
-14.02 
32.39 
-4.20 
-18.04 
-18.25 
-17.18 
-11.38 
-5.35 
-10.74 

 
 
Figure 22. CETI_16/0085: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

56 

 
 
 
Table 21. CHMI_19/0061: PM10 Results 

CHMI_19/0061 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

13 
23 
22 
10 
7.0 
3.9 
15 
11 
19 
10 
11 
13 
34 
37 
35 
38 
32 
14 
18 
39 
26 
28 
12 
19 
39 
42 
46 
46 
57 
66 
77 
56 
61 
54 
7.3 
15 
25 
13 
12 
22 
27 
29 

2.7 
3.1 
3.1 
2.6 
2.5 
2.5 
2.8 
2.6 
2.9 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
3.8 
4.0 
3.9 
4.1 
3.7 
2.7 
2.9 
4.2 
3.3 
3.4 
2.6 
2.9 
4.2 
4.4 
4.6 
4.7 
5.5 
6.2 
7.1 
5.4 
5.8 
5.3 
2.5 
2.8 
3.3 
2.7 
2.7 
3.1 
3.4 
3.5 

-0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
0.18 
0.32 
-0.32 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
-0.90 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
3.02 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.90 
0.89 
1.34 
0.89 
1.66 
2.04 
1.53 
0.82 
1.60 
1.67 
0.09 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.45 
0.91 

57 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.72 
0.00 
0.00 
0.15 
0.28 
-0.28 
0.00 
0.37 
0.34 
0.00 
0.00 
0.37 
-0.50 
0.24 
0.25 
0.24 
0.00 
0.37 
0.00 
1.59 
0.00 
0.28 
0.00 
0.34 
0.47 
0.44 
0.63 
0.41 
0.70 
0.78 
0.54 
0.35 
0.65 
0.72 
0.08 
0.00 
0.30 
0.36 
0.36 
0.32 
0.29 
0.55 

-2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.4 
0.7 
-0.7 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
7.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
3.0 
2.0 
4.0 
5.0 
4.0 
2.0 
4.0 
4.0 
0.2 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 

-13.33 
0.00 
0.00 
4.17 
11.11 
-15.22 
0.00 
10.00 
5.56 
0.00 
0.00 
8.33 
-5.56 
2.78 
2.94 
2.70 
0.00 
7.69 
0.00 
21.88 
0.00 
3.70 
0.00 
5.56 
5.41 
5.00 
6.98 
4.55 
7.55 
8.20 
5.48 
3.70 
7.02 
8.00 
2.82 
0.00 
4.17 
8.33 
9.09 
4.76 
3.85 
7.41 

 
 
 
 
Figure 23. CHMI_19/0061: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025  

58 

 
 
 
 
Table 22. DCE_17/0106: PM10 Results 

DCE_17/0106 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
22 
21 
9.3 
6.1 
4.2 
14 
10 
18 
9.9 
10 
11 
36 
36 
35 
38 
32 
13 
18 
33 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
42 
44 
53 
62 
74 
55 
59 
51 
7.0 
15 
23 
11 
11 
21 
26 
27 

2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.5 
2.5 
2.6 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.8 
3.0 
2.8 
2.8 
2.7 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 

-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.14 
-0.09 
-0.18 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.05 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.43 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.41 
0.38 
0.41 
0.80 
0.42 
-0.05 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

59 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.39 
-0.39 
-0.39 
-0.12 
-0.08 
-0.16 
-0.39 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.04 
-0.39 
-0.39 
0.00 
0.00 
0.36 
0.37 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.34 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.35 
0.00 
0.00 
0.31 
0.27 
0.31 
0.58 
0.32 
-0.04 
0.00 
-0.39 
-0.39 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.3 
-0.2 
-0.4 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.1 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
-0.1 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 

-6.67 
-4.35 
-4.55 
-3.12 
-3.17 
-8.70 
-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.00 
-9.09 
-8.33 
0.00 
0.00 
2.94 
2.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.33 
0.00 
0.00 
1.64 
1.37 
1.85 
3.51 
2.00 
-1.41 
0.00 
-4.17 
-8.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

 
Figure 24. DCE_17/0106: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

60 

 
 
 
Table 23. EAA_061: PM10 Results 

EAA_061 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

15 
23 
21 
10 
8 
5 
14 
12 
18 
10 
12 
13 
34 
33 
32 
34 
29 
13 
18 
30 
24 
26 
13 
19 
37 
40 
43 
41 
52 
62 
78 
57 
61 
51 
10 
16 
22 
12 
12 
20 
26 
27 

3.5 
3.7 
3.7 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.5 
3.5 
3.6 
3.4 
3.5 
3.5 
4.1 
4.0 
4.0 
4.1 
3.9 
3.5 
3.6 
3.9 
3.7 
3.8 
3.5 
3.6 
4.2 
4.3 
4.4 
4.3 
4.8 
5.3 
6.2 
5.1 
5.3 
4.8 
3.5 
3.5 
3.7 
3.5 
3.5 
3.6 
3.8 
3.8 

0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.18 
0.78 
0.18 
-0.46 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
-0.90 
-1.35 
-0.90 
-1.35 
-1.36 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.86 
-0.91 
-0.45 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.33 
-0.42 
0.41 
1.91 
1.23 
1.60 
0.42 
1.33 
0.46 
-0.91 
0.00 
0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 

61 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.00 
-0.27 
0.12 
0.50 
0.12 
-0.28 
0.56 
0.00 
0.00 
0.28 
0.28 
-0.47 
-0.72 
-0.49 
-0.72 
-0.75 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.48 
-0.53 
-0.26 
0.28 
0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.67 
-0.20 
0.18 
0.76 
0.56 
0.71 
0.20 
0.82 
0.28 
-0.53 
0.00 
0.28 
-0.27 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-4.55 
-1.0 
0.4 
4.17 
1.7  26.98 
8.70 
0.4 
-1.0 
-6.67 
2.0  20.00 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
9.09 
1.0 
8.33 
1.0 
-5.56 
-2.0 
-8.33 
-3.0 
-5.88 
-2.0 
-8.11 
-3.0 
-9.38 
-3.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-6.25 
-2.0 
-7.69 
-2.0 
-3.70 
-1.0 
8.33 
1.0 
5.56 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-6.82 
-3.0 
-1.89 
-1.0 
1.64 
1.0 
6.85 
5.0 
5.56 
3.0 
7.02 
4.0 
1.0 
2.00 
2.9  40.85 
6.67 
1.0 
-8.33 
-2.0 
0.00 
0.0 
9.09 
1.0 
-4.76 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 

 
 
Figure 25. EAA_061: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

62 

 
 
 
Table 24. EARS_5103: PM10 Results 

EARS_5103 

PM10 data capture = 93 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

1.2 
1.8 
1.7 
0.8 
0.5 
0.4 
1.2 
0.8 
1.5 
0.8 
0.8 
1.0 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.6 
1.2 
1.5 
2.5 
2.1 
2.1 
1.0 
1.5 
3.0 
3.2 
3.3 
3.4 
4.0 
4.7 
5.6 
4.1 
4.4 
3.9 
0.5 
1.2 
2.0 
1.0 
0.9 

14 
22 
21 
9.0 
6.1 
4.7 
14 
10 
18 
10 
10 
12 
36 
35 
34 
36 
32 
14 
18 
31 
26 
26 
12 
18 
37 
39 
41 
42 
49 
58 
70 
51 
54 
48 
6.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.28 
-0.09 
0.05 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.43 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.89 
-0.89 
-1.66 
-1.23 
-1.15 
-1.23 
-1.20 
-0.83 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

63 

-0.75 
-0.52 
-0.55 
-0.68 
-0.30 
0.19 
-0.75 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.04 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.33 
0.00 
-0.33 
0.00 
0.78 
0.00 
-0.35 
0.00 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.30 
-0.57 
-0.55 
-0.93 
-0.60 
-0.50 
-0.68 
-0.62 
-0.48 
-1.39 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.6 
-0.2 
0.1 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-4.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 

-6.67 
-4.35 
-4.55 
-6.25 
-3.17 
2.17 
-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-9.09 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.78 
0.00 
-2.70 
0.00 
7.69 
0.00 
-3.12 
0.00 
-3.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.50 
-4.65 
-4.55 
-7.55 
-4.92 
-4.11 
-5.56 
-5.26 
-4.00 
-14.08 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 26. EARS_5103: PM10 Results  

Source: JRC 2025 

64 

 
 
 
Table 25. EEA_SQ111A720220138: PM10 Results 

EEA_SQ111A720220138 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

18 
24 
22 
10 
7.5 
8.5 
17 
12 
21 
13 
13 
12 
32 
38 
39 
40 
34 
15 
19 
27 
16 
26 
12 
18 
35 
38 
40 
40 
49 
57 
67 
51 
53 
47 
6.4 
15 
24 
13 
12 
21 
25 
26 

1.0 
1.3 
1.2 
0.6 
0.4 
0.5 
1.0 
0.7 
1.2 
0.7 
0.7 
0.7 
1.8 
2.1 
2.2 
2.2 
1.9 
0.8 
1.1 
1.5 
0.9 
1.5 
0.7 
1.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.2 
2.2 
2.7 
3.2 
3.8 
2.9 
3.0 
2.6 
0.4 
0.8 
1.3 
0.7 
0.7 
1.2 
1.4 
1.5 

1.37 
0.46 
0.00 
0.18 
0.55 
1.79 
0.92 
0.92 
1.37 
1.38 
0.92 
0.00 
-1.80 
0.90 
2.25 
1.35 
0.90 
0.92 
0.46 
-2.16 
-4.55 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.90 
-0.89 
-1.34 
-1.78 
-1.66 
-1.63 
-2.29 
-1.23 
-1.60 
-1.25 
-0.32 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.45 

65 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

2.60 
0.69 
0.00 
0.56 
2.02 
6.45 
1.73 
2.14 
2.21 
3.07 
2.26 
0.00 
-1.85 
0.85 
2.08 
1.27 
0.97 
2.19 
0.80 
-2.47 
-8.21 
-0.57 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.92 
-0.85 
-1.21 
-1.58 
-1.29 
-1.12 
-1.37 
-0.89 
-1.11 
-0.99 
-1.07 
0.00 
0.00 
1.07 
1.07 
0.00 
-0.63 
-0.57 

3.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.4 
1.2 
3.9 
2.0 
2.0 
3.0 
3.0 
2.0 
0.0 
-4.0 
2.0 
5.0 
3.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.0 
-5.0 
-10.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-6.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-3.0 
-0.7 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 

20.00 
4.35 
0.00 
4.17 
19.05 
84.78 
13.33 
20.00 
16.67 
30.00 
18.18 
0.00 
-11.11 
5.56 
14.71 
8.11 
6.25 
15.38 
5.56 
-15.62 
-38.46 
-3.70 
0.00 
0.00 
-5.41 
-5.00 
-6.98 
-9.09 
-7.55 
-6.56 
-8.22 
-5.56 
-7.02 
-6.00 
-9.86 
0.00 
0.00 
8.33 
9.09 
0.00 
-3.85 
-3.70 

 
 Figure 27. EEA_SQ111A720220138: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

66 

 
 
Table 26. EERC Nr. 1548: PM10 Results 

EERC_Nr. 1548 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
22 
23 
12 
6.0 
4.1 
13 
8.4 
16 
8.0 
9.4 
11 
35 
35 
33 
36 
30 
11 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
16 
35 
37 
41 
41 
49 
58 
70 
50 
53 
46 
5.6 
14 
23 
12 
11 
21 
27 
26 

3.1 
3.3 
3.4 
3.1 
3.0 
3.0 
3.1 
3.1 
3.2 
3.1 
3.1 
3.1 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.8 
3.6 
3.1 
3.2 
3.5 
3.3 
3.3 
3.1 
3.2 
3.7 
3.8 
4.0 
4.0 
4.3 
4.7 
5.3 
4.4 
4.5 
4.2 
3.0 
3.1 
3.3 
3.1 
3.1 
3.3 
3.5 
3.4 

-0.46 
-0.46 
0.46 
1.10 
-0.14 
-0.23 
-0.92 
-0.73 
-0.91 
-0.92 
-0.73 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-0.45 
-0.45 
-0.45 
-0.90 
-0.92 
-0.91 
-1.73 
-1.82 
-1.82 
-0.92 
-0.91 
-0.90 
-1.34 
-0.89 
-1.33 
-1.66 
-1.23 
-1.15 
-1.64 
-1.60 
-1.67 
-0.69 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
-0.45 

67 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.32 
-0.30 
0.29 
0.77 
-0.10 
-0.17 
-0.63 
-0.51 
-0.61 
-0.63 
-0.51 
-0.32 
-0.26 
-0.26 
-0.26 
-0.26 
-0.54 
-0.64 
-0.61 
-1.07 
-1.18 
-1.17 
-0.64 
-0.62 
-0.53 
-0.76 
-0.48 
-0.72 
-0.88 
-0.60 
-0.52 
-0.85 
-0.81 
-0.89 
-0.49 
-0.32 
-0.30 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.28 
-0.28 

-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
2.4 
-0.3 
-0.5 
-2.0 
-1.6 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.6 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-1.5 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.0 

-6.67 
-4.35 
4.55 
25.00 
-4.76 
-10.87 
-13.33 
-16.00 
-11.11 
-20.00 
-14.55 
-8.33 
-2.78 
-2.78 
-2.94 
-2.70 
-6.25 
-15.38 
-11.11 
-12.50 
-15.38 
-14.81 
-16.67 
-11.11 
-5.41 
-7.50 
-4.65 
-6.82 
-7.55 
-4.92 
-4.11 
-7.41 
-7.02 
-8.00 
-21.13 
-6.67 
-4.17 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.85 
-3.70 

 
 Figure 28. EERC_Nr. 1548: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

68 

 
 
 
Table 27. EPA_19/0173 A0110: PM10 Results 

EPA_19/0173 A0110 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
23 
22 
11 
6.0 
5.4 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
35 
34 
38 
32 
13 
18 
33 
26 
27 
12 
18 
38 
41 
46 
46 
60 
65 
77 
58 
62 
55 
10 
17 
26 
14 
14 
25 
29 
32 

1.30 
2.30 
2.10 
1.10 
0.59 
0.52 
1.50 
0.96 
1.80 
0.98 
1.10 
1.20 
3.50 
3.20 
3.50 
3.80 
3.10 
1.30 
1.80 
3.20 
2.50 
2.60 
1.20 
1.80 
3.80 
4.00 
4.50 
4.20 
5.80 
6.40 
7.60 
5.80 
6.10 
5.50 
0.96 
1.70 
2.50 
1.40 
2.50 
2.50 
2.80 
3.30 

-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.64 
-0.14 
0.37 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.43 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
1.34 
0.89 
2.91 
1.63 
1.53 
1.64 
2.00 
2.09 
1.33 
0.92 
0.91 
0.92 
1.38 
1.83 
1.36 
2.27 

69 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.70 
0.00 
0.00 
1.20 
-0.41 
1.29 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.30 
0.00 
0.26 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.29 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.26 
0.24 
0.65 
0.46 
1.17 
0.61 
0.51 
0.66 
0.78 
0.88 
2.66 
1.12 
0.77 
1.31 
1.16 
1.56 
1.03 
1.46 

-1.0 
-6.67 
0.0 
0.00 
0.00 
0.0 
1.4  14.58 
-0.3 
-4.76 
0.8  17.39 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-2.78 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
2.70 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
3.12 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
2.70 
1.0 
2.50 
1.0 
6.98 
3.0 
4.55 
2.0 
7.0  13.21 
6.56 
4.0 
5.48 
4.0 
7.41 
4.0 
5.0 
8.77 
5.0  10.00 
2.9  40.85 
2.0  13.33 
2.0 
8.33 
2.0  16.67 
3.0  27.27 
4.0  19.05 
3.0  11.54 
5.0  18.52 

 
 Figure 29. EPA_19/0173 A0110: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

70 

 
 
 
Table 28. ERLAP_186: PM10 Results 

ERLAP_186 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

15 
24 
23 
9.6 
7.5 
5.4 
16 
12 
20 
12 
12 
13 
38 
37 
35 
38 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
11 
17 
37 
41 
44 
46 
52 
61 
73 
54 
57 
51 
6.4 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
26 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
3.0 
3.0 
3.1 
3.2 
3.0 
3.1 
3.0 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.55 
0.37 
0.46 
0.92 
0.91 
0.92 
0.46 
0.46 
0.90 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.89 
-0.42 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.42 
-0.32 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 

71 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.35 
0.35 
0.00 
0.42 
0.28 
0.35 
0.70 
0.70 
0.69 
0.35 
0.35 
0.64 
0.32 
0.33 
0.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.35 
-0.35 
0.00 
0.32 
0.32 
0.61 
-0.30 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.30 
-0.25 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.34 

0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.2 
0.8 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-0.7 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 

0.00 
4.35 
4.55 
0.00 
19.05 
17.39 
6.67 
20.00 
11.11 
20.00 
9.09 
8.33 
5.56 
2.78 
2.94 
2.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-8.33 
-5.56 
0.00 
2.50 
2.33 
4.55 
-1.89 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
2.00 
-9.86 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.70 

 
 Figure 30. ERLAP_186: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

72 

 
 
 
Table 29. ERLAP_66: PM10 Results 

ERLAP_66 

PM10 data capture = 98 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

16 
25 
24 
10 
6.6 
4.8 
16 
12 
20 
12 
12 
12 
38 
37 
36 
38 
33 
14 
19 
32 
26 
27 
11 
18 
39 
42 
44 
47 
53 
61 
73 
53 
58 
49 
6.7 
16 
25 
12 
11 
21 
27 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
3.0 
3.0 
3.1 
3.2 
3.0 
3.1 
3.0 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

0.46 
0.91 
0.91 
0.18 
0.14 
0.09 
0.46 
0.92 
0.91 
0.92 
0.46 
0.00 
0.90 
0.45 
0.90 
0.45 
0.45 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.90 
0.89 
0.45 
1.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.41 
0.40 
-0.42 
-0.18 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 

73 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.35 
0.70 
0.70 
0.14 
0.11 
0.07 
0.35 
0.70 
0.70 
0.69 
0.35 
0.00 
0.64 
0.32 
0.65 
0.33 
0.33 
0.35 
0.35 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.35 
0.00 
0.66 
0.65 
0.32 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.29 
0.27 
-0.30 
-0.14 
0.35 
0.35 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.34 

6.67 
1.0 
8.70 
2.0 
9.09 
2.0 
4.17 
0.4 
4.76 
0.3 
4.35 
0.2 
1.0 
6.67 
2.0  20.00 
2.0  11.11 
2.0  20.00 
9.09 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
5.56 
2.0 
2.78 
1.0 
5.88 
2.0 
2.70 
1.0 
3.12 
1.0 
7.69 
1.0 
5.56 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-8.33 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
5.41 
2.0 
5.00 
2.0 
2.33 
1.0 
6.82 
3.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-1.85 
-1.0 
1.75 
1.0 
-2.00 
-1.0 
-5.63 
-0.4 
6.67 
1.0 
4.17 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
3.85 
1.0 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Figure 31. ERLAP_66: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

74 

 
 
 
Table 30. FMI_SEQ1: PM10 Results 

FMI_SEQ1 

PM10 data capture = 90 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
23 
22 
9.4 
6.2 
4.4 
15 
10 
18 
10 
10 
11 
35 
33 
33 
36 
32 
13 
18 
31 
25 
26 
12 
17 
36 
38 
41 
42 
51 

0.61 
0.99 
0.94 
0.39 
0.26 
0.18 
0.62 
0.44 
0.79 
0.43 
0.43 
0.48 
1.60 
1.50 
1.50 
1.70 
1.40 
0.56 
0.77 
1.40 
1.10 
1.10 
0.50 
0.75 
1.60 
1.80 
1.90 
1.90 
2.40 

-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.09 
-0.05 
-0.09 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-1.35 
-0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.43 
-0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-0.89 
-0.89 
-0.89 
-0.83 

52 

2.50 

-2.00 

6.4 
15 
23 
12 
11 
20 
25 
25 

0.26 
0.62 
0.99 
0.50 
0.45 
0.87 
1.10 
1.10 

-0.32 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-0.91 

75 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-1.19 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.37 
-0.20 
-0.52 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.45 
-1.57 
-0.50 
-1.62 
-0.56 
-0.52 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.51 
-0.73 
-0.70 
0.00 
-1.15 
-0.55 
-0.96 
-0.90 
-0.88 
-0.70 

-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.2 
-0.1 
-0.2 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 

-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.08 
-1.59 
-4.35 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-9.09 
-8.33 
-2.78 
-8.33 
-2.94 
-2.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.12 
-3.85 
-3.70 
0.00 
-5.56 
-2.70 
-5.00 
-4.65 
-4.55 
-3.77 

-1.57 

-5.0 

-8.77 

-1.20 
0.00 
-0.82 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.98 
-0.75 
-1.41 

-0.7 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 

-9.86 
0.00 
-4.17 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.76 
-3.85 
-7.41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 32. FMI_SEQ1: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

76 

 
 
Table 31. GIOS_1: PM10 Results 

GIOS_1 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score  Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

15 
24 
23 
10 
6.9 
5.2 
15 
11 
20 
11 
11 
12 
38 
38 
35 
39 
34 
14 
20 
35 
28 
28 
15 
18 
39 
42 
45 
45 
53 
63 
74 
54 
59 
51 
8.2 
15 
25 
14 
13 
21 
26 
26 

4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.5 
4.5 
4.4 
4.5 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.6 
4.6 
4.8 
4.6 
4.6 
4.5 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 

0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.18 
0.28 
0.28 
0.00 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.90 
0.90 
0.45 
0.90 
0.90 
0.46 
0.91 
1.30 
0.91 
0.45 
1.38 
0.00 
0.90 
0.89 
0.89 
0.44 
0.00 
0.82 
0.38 
0.00 
0.80 
0.42 
0.51 
0.00 
0.46 
0.92 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 

77 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.22 
0.22 
0.09 
0.14 
0.14 
0.00 
0.23 
0.45 
0.22 
0.00 
0.00 
0.43 
0.43 
0.22 
0.44 
0.45 
0.23 
0.45 
0.65 
0.45 
0.22 
0.68 
0.00 
0.44 
0.43 
0.43 
0.21 
0.00 
0.41 
0.19 
0.00 
0.40 
0.21 
0.25 
0.00 
0.22 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.22 

0.00 
0.0 
4.35 
1.0 
4.55 
1.0 
4.17 
0.4 
0.6 
9.52 
0.6  13.04 
0.0 
0.00 
1.0  10.00 
2.0  11.11 
1.0  10.00 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
5.56 
2.0 
5.56 
2.0 
2.94 
1.0 
5.41 
2.0 
6.25 
2.0 
1.0 
7.69 
2.0  11.11 
9.38 
3.0 
7.69 
2.0 
1.0 
3.70 
3.0  25.00 
0.00 
0.0 
5.41 
2.0 
5.00 
2.0 
4.65 
2.0 
2.27 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
3.28 
2.0 
1.37 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
3.51 
2.0 
1.0 
2.00 
1.1  15.49 
0.00 
0.0 
1.0 
4.17 
2.0  16.67 
2.0  18.18 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-3.70 
-1.0 

 
 Figure 33. GIOS_1: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

78 

 
 
Table 32. HungaroMet_1775: PM10 Results 

HungaroMet_1775 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

16 
25 
24 
10 
6.9 
4.9 
16 
10 
19 
8.9 
12 
13 
43 
43 
40 
44 
37 
13 
19 
36 
31 
32 
13 
20 
43 
44 
45 
46 
56 
66 
79 
62 
66 
59 
7.3 
17 
27 
14 
12 
22 
29 
30 

1.30 
2.10 
2.00 
0.87 
0.60 
0.43 
1.30 
0.87 
1.60 
0.76 
0.98 
1.10 
3.60 
3.60 
3.40 
3.70 
3.10 
1.10 
1.60 
3.00 
2.60 
2.60 
1.10 
1.70 
3.60 
3.70 
3.80 
3.90 
4.70 
5.60 
6.70 
5.20 
5.50 
4.90 
0.60 
1.40 
2.20 
1.20 
1.00 
1.80 
2.50 
2.50 

0.46 
0.91 
0.91 
0.18 
0.28 
0.14 
0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
-0.51 
0.46 
0.46 
3.15 
3.15 
2.70 
3.14 
2.26 
0.00 
0.46 
1.73 
2.27 
2.27 
0.46 
0.91 
2.70 
1.79 
0.89 
0.89 
1.25 
2.04 
2.29 
3.28 
3.60 
3.76 
0.09 
0.92 
1.37 
0.92 
0.46 
0.46 
1.36 
1.36 

79 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.70 
0.91 
0.95 
0.42 
0.81 
0.55 
0.70 
0.00 
0.58 
-1.08 
0.89 
0.85 
1.84 
1.86 
1.70 
1.84 
1.56 
0.00 
0.59 
1.21 
1.83 
1.81 
0.82 
1.14 
1.62 
1.04 
0.50 
0.49 
0.61 
0.86 
0.85 
1.46 
1.54 
1.75 
0.25 
1.33 
1.30 
1.48 
0.85 
0.53 
1.15 
1.13 

1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
0.4 
0.6 
0.3 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
7.0 
7.0 
6.0 
7.0 
5.0 
0.0 
1.0 
4.0 
5.0 
5.0 
1.0 
2.0 
6.0 
4.0 
2.0 
2.0 
3.0 
5.0 
6.0 
8.0 
9.0 
9.0 
0.2 
2.0 
3.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
3.0 
3.0 

6.67 
8.70 
9.09 
4.17 
9.52 
6.52 
6.67 
0.00 
5.56 
-11.00 
9.09 
8.33 
19.44 
19.44 
17.65 
18.92 
15.62 
0.00 
5.56 
12.50 
19.23 
18.52 
8.33 
11.11 
16.22 
10.00 
4.65 
4.55 
5.66 
8.20 
8.22 
14.81 
15.79 
18.00 
2.82 
13.33 
12.50 
16.67 
9.09 
4.76 
11.54 
11.11 

 
Figure 34. HungaroMet_1775: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

80 

 
 
Table 33. IMROH_18/0061: PM10 Results 

IMROH_18/0061 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
23 
22 
10 
6.3 
3.6 
15 
11 
19 
12 
11 
12 
39 
38 
35 
37 
33 
14 
20 
31 
27 
28 
11 
18 
37 
41 
41 
45 
52 
62 
73 
55 
60 
51 
7.0 
17 
25 
14 
13 
22 
28 
29 

2.0 
2.2 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.2 
2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
1.9 
2.0 
2.1 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.4 
2.6 
2.8 
2.5 
2.5 
2.4 
2.1 
2.1 
2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.2 
2.2 

-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.18 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
1.35 
0.90 
0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.46 
0.91 
-0.43 
0.45 
0.45 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
-0.89 
0.44 
-0.42 
0.41 
0.00 
0.41 
1.20 
0.42 
-0.05 
0.92 
0.46 
0.92 
0.92 
0.46 
0.91 
0.91 

81 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.48 
0.00 
0.00 
0.20 
0.00 
-0.49 
0.00 
0.48 
0.46 
0.91 
0.00 
0.00 
1.20 
0.82 
0.43 
0.00 
0.44 
0.49 
0.96 
-0.40 
0.46 
0.45 
-0.51 
0.00 
0.00 
0.41 
-0.80 
0.39 
-0.35 
0.33 
0.00 
0.33 
0.94 
0.35 
-0.05 
0.92 
0.43 
0.91 
0.91 
0.46 
0.86 
0.84 

-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.4 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
3.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
3.0 
1.0 
-0.1 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 

-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
4.17 
0.00 
-21.74 
0.00 
10.00 
5.56 
20.00 
0.00 
0.00 
8.33 
5.56 
2.94 
0.00 
3.12 
7.69 
11.11 
-3.12 
3.85 
3.70 
-8.33 
0.00 
0.00 
2.50 
-4.65 
2.27 
-1.89 
1.64 
0.00 
1.85 
5.26 
2.00 
-1.41 
13.33 
4.17 
16.67 
18.18 
4.76 
7.69 
7.41 

 
 Figure 35. IMROH_18/0061: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

82 

 
 
Table 34. INERIS_M-CE-21620: PM10 Results 

INERIS_M-CE-21620 

PM10 data capture = 93 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

24 
23 
9.6 
5.2 
4.4 
16 
12 
19 
11 
11 
13 
39 

35 
37 
33 
13 
19 
35 
26 
35 
14 
19 
39 
42 
45 

54 
62 
76 
54 
60 
50 
6.7 
18 
26 
11 
13 
22 
27 
28 

4.0 
4.0 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
5.0 

5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.51 
-0.09 
0.46 
0.92 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
1.35 

0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
1.30 
0.00 
3.63 
0.92 
0.46 
0.90 
0.89 
0.89 

0.42 
0.41 
1.15 
0.00 
1.20 
0.00 
-0.18 
1.37 
0.91 
-0.46 
0.92 
0.46 
0.45 
0.45 

83 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.25 
0.25 
0.00 
-0.25 
-0.05 
0.25 
0.49 
0.25 
0.25 
0.00 
0.25 
0.72 

0.24 
0.00 
0.24 
0.00 
0.25 
0.71 
0.00 
1.95 
0.50 
0.25 
0.49 
0.48 
0.39 

0.19 
0.19 
0.55 
0.00 
0.56 
0.00 
-0.09 
0.74 
0.49 
-0.25 
0.49 
0.25 
0.25 
0.24 

1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.1 
-0.2 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
3.0 

1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
3.0 
0.0 
8.0 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 

1.0 
1.0 
3.0 
0.0 
3.0 
0.0 
-0.4 
3.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

4.35 
4.55 
0.00 
-17.46 
-4.35 
6.67 
20.00 
5.56 
10.00 
0.00 
8.33 
8.33 

2.94 
0.00 
3.12 
0.00 
5.56 
9.38 
0.00 
29.63 
16.67 
5.56 
5.41 
5.00 
4.65 

1.89 
1.64 
4.11 
0.00 
5.26 
0.00 
-5.63 
20.00 
8.33 
-8.33 
18.18 
4.76 
3.85 
3.70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 36. INERIS_M-CE-21620: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

84 

 
 
Table 35. ISCIII_ZM-MT-25: PM10 Results 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 

PM10 data capture = 95 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

19 
28 
26 
13 
9 
7 
18 
14 
23 
14 
14 
15 
43 

41 
46 
39 
17 
24 
40 
32 
33 
17 
22 
44 
48 
50 
49 
59 
69 
83 
62 
66 
58 
9 
15 
24 
15 
14 
26 
31 

3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.5 
3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.8 

3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.6 
3.6 
3.8 
3.7 
3.7 
3.6 
3.6 
3.8 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
4.0 
4.0 
4.2 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.7 

1.83 
2.28 
1.82 
1.56 
1.24 
1.10 
1.37 
1.84 
2.29 
1.84 
1.38 
1.38 
3.15 

3.16 
4.04 
3.16 
1.83 
2.74 
3.46 
2.73 
2.72 
2.29 
1.83 
3.14 
3.58 
3.12 
2.22 
2.49 
3.27 
3.82 
3.28 
3.60 
3.34 
0.87 
0.00 
0.00 
1.38 
1.38 
2.28 
2.27 

85 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

1.10 
1.37 
1.09 
0.94 
0.77 
0.68 
0.82 
1.09 
1.37 
1.09 
0.82 
0.83 
1.76 

4.0 
5.0 
4.0 
3.4 
2.7 
2.4 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
4.0 
3.0 
3.0 
7.0 

26.67 
21.74 
18.18 
35.42 
42.86 
52.17 
20.00 
40.00 
27.78 
40.00 
27.27 
25.00 
19.44 

20.59 
7.0 
1.79 
24.32 
9.0 
2.31 
21.88 
7.0 
1.80 
30.77 
4.0 
1.10 
33.33 
6.0 
1.65 
25.00 
8.0 
1.98 
23.08 
6.0 
1.58 
22.22 
6.0 
1.57 
41.67 
5.0 
1.37 
22.22 
4.0 
1.10 
18.92 
7.0 
1.79 
20.00 
8.0 
1.98 
16.28 
7.0 
1.72 
11.36 
5.0 
1.22 
11.32 
6.0 
1.40 
1.86 
13.11 
8.0 
2.11  10.0  13.70 
14.81 
8.0 
1.84 
15.79 
9.0 
2.02 
16.00 
8.0 
1.87 
26.76 
1.9 
0.54 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
25.00 
3.0 
0.82 
27.27 
3.0 
0.82 
23.81 
5.0 
1.37 
19.23 
5.0 
1.32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 37. ISCIII_ZM-MT-25: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

86 

 
 
Table 36. ISPRA_159B: PM10 Results 

ISPRA_159B 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
22 
21 
9.1 
5.8 
4.6 
15 
11 
19 
9.9 
10 
11 
37 
36 
34 
38 
32 
14 
16 
32 
26 
25 
13 
18 
36 
40 
44 
44 
51 
61 
78 
53 
56 
50 
6.4 
15 
24 
11 
10 
20 
25 
27 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.1 
3.2 
3.4 
3.1 
3.1 
3.1 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 

-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.23 
-0.23 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
-0.05 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
-0.91 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.91 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
-0.83 
0.00 
1.91 
-0.41 
-0.40 
0.00 
-0.32 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.45 
0.00 

87 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.35 
-0.35 
-0.35 
-0.18 
-0.18 
0.00 
0.00 
0.35 
0.35 
-0.03 
-0.35 
-0.35 
0.32 
0.00 
0.00 
0.33 
0.00 
0.35 
-0.70 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.66 
0.35 
0.00 
-0.33 
0.00 
0.31 
0.00 
-0.58 
0.00 
1.23 
-0.28 
-0.27 
0.00 
-0.25 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.35 
-0.35 
-0.35 
-0.33 
0.00 

-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.5 
-0.5 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-0.1 
-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
5.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.7 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 

-6.67 
-4.35 
-4.55 
-5.21 
-7.94 
0.00 
0.00 
10.00 
5.56 
-1.00 
-9.09 
-8.33 
2.78 
0.00 
0.00 
2.70 
0.00 
7.69 
-11.11 
0.00 
0.00 
-7.41 
8.33 
0.00 
-2.70 
0.00 
2.33 
0.00 
-3.77 
0.00 
6.85 
-1.85 
-1.75 
0.00 
-9.86 
0.00 
0.00 
-8.33 
-9.09 
-4.76 
-3.85 
0.00 

 
 Figure 38. . ISPRA_159B: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

88 

 
 
Table 37. ISSeP_L1: PM10 Results 

ISSeP_L1 

PM10 data capture = 98 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

23 
23 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
11 
19 
11 
11 
12 
37 
37 
36 
38 
33 
13 
18 
33 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
41 
43 
44 
52 
61 
73 
54 
58 
50 
7.2 
16 
25 
12 
12 
22 
27 
28 

2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.7 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.8 
2.9 
2.7 
2.8 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 

0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.90 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.43 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.42 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.40 
0.00 
0.05 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.45 
0.45 

89 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.37 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.36 
0.37 
0.36 
0.00 
0.00 
0.35 
0.36 
0.72 
0.37 
0.37 
0.00 
0.00 
0.34 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.36 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.32 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.29 
0.00 
0.04 
0.38 
0.37 
0.00 
0.37 
0.38 
0.37 
0.36 

0.00 
0.0 
4.55 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.0 
0.00 
1.0  10.00 
1.0 
5.56 
1.0  10.00 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
2.78 
1.0 
2.78 
1.0 
5.88 
2.0 
2.70 
1.0 
3.12 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
3.12 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
2.50 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
-1.89 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
1.75 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
1.41 
0.1 
6.67 
1.0 
4.17 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
9.09 
1.0 
4.76 
1.0 
3.85 
1.0 
3.70 
1.0 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 39. ISSeP_L1: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

90 

 
 
Table 38. LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV: PM10 Results 

LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
22 
21 
8.4 
5.4 
3.9 
14 
9.9 
18 
9.6 
9.8 
11 
36 
35 
35 
37 
32 
13 
18 
31 
25 
26 
12 
18 
37 
39 
42 
42 
49 
58 
70 
51 
54 
47 
7.2 
15 
23 
12 
11 
21 
26 
26 

2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.0 
2.1 
2.2 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
2.1 
2.2 
2.2 
2.3 
2.3 
2.4 
2.5 
2.7 
2.4 
2.4 
2.3 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 

-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.55 
-0.41 
-0.32 
-0.46 
-0.05 
0.00 
-0.18 
-0.55 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.43 
-0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.45 
-0.89 
-1.66 
-1.23 
-1.15 
-1.23 
-1.20 
-1.25 
0.05 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 

91 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.44 
-0.45 
-0.46 
-0.59 
-0.44 
-0.35 
-0.48 
-0.05 
0.00 
-0.19 
-0.58 
-0.49 
0.00 
-0.41 
0.42 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.39 
-0.44 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.41 
-0.39 
-0.76 
-1.40 
-1.01 
-0.86 
-1.02 
-0.96 
-1.08 
0.05 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.44 

-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.2 
-0.9 
-0.7 
-1.0 
-0.1 
0.0 
-0.4 
-1.2 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-4.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
0.1 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 

-6.67 
-4.35 
-4.55 
-12.50 
-14.29 
-15.22 
-6.67 
-1.00 
0.00 
-4.00 
-10.91 
-8.33 
0.00 
-2.78 
2.94 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.12 
-3.85 
-3.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.50 
-2.33 
-4.55 
-7.55 
-4.92 
-4.11 
-5.56 
-5.26 
-6.00 
1.41 
0.00 
-4.17 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.70 

 
 Figure 40. LANUV_Digitel_69 LANUV: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

92 

 
 
Table 39. LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV: PM10 Results 

LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.4 
4.4 
14 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
38 
38 
36 
38 
34 
14 
18 
34 
28 
29 
13 
18 
39 
42 
45 
45 
54 
64 
76 
57 
60 
53 
8.1 
16 
25 
12 
12 
22 
28 
29 

1.9 
1.7 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
1.8 
1.6 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.6 
1.7 
1.9 
1.9 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.3 
2.5 
2.2 
2.2 
2.1 
1.6 
1.7 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 

-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
-0.09 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.90 
0.90 
0.90 
0.45 
0.90 
0.46 
0.00 
0.86 
0.91 
0.91 
0.46 
0.00 
0.90 
0.89 
0.89 
0.44 
0.42 
1.23 
1.15 
1.23 
1.20 
1.25 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.91 
0.91 

93 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.50 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.06 
-0.12 
-0.59 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.89 
0.92 
0.94 
0.48 
1.01 
0.60 
0.00 
0.89 
1.01 
0.99 
0.59 
0.00 
0.96 
0.92 
0.87 
0.42 
0.38 
1.07 
0.90 
1.08 
1.01 
1.15 
0.59 
0.56 
0.54 
0.00 
0.58 
0.56 
1.02 
0.99 

-6.67 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
1.59 
0.1 
-4.35 
-0.2 
-6.67 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
5.56 
2.0 
5.56 
2.0 
5.88 
2.0 
2.70 
1.0 
6.25 
2.0 
7.69 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
6.25 
2.0 
7.69 
2.0 
7.41 
2.0 
8.33 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
5.41 
2.0 
5.00 
2.0 
4.65 
2.0 
2.27 
1.0 
1.89 
1.0 
4.92 
3.0 
4.11 
3.0 
5.56 
3.0 
5.26 
3.0 
3.0 
6.00 
1.0  14.08 
6.67 
1.0 
4.17 
1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
9.09 
1.0 
4.76 
1.0 
7.69 
2.0 
7.41 
2.0 

 
Figure 41. LANUV_Digitel_70 LANUV: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

94 

 
 
Table 40. LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV: PM10 Results 

LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
21 
21 
8.0 
4.1 
3.3 
13 
8.8 
17 
8.6 
8.9 
12 
36 
36 
35 
38 
32 
12 
17 
33 
25 
25 
11 
17 
37 
40 
42 
43 
51 
60 
72 
53 
57 
49 
5.1 
14 
23 
11 
9.9 
20 
26 
27 

1.8 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.3 
1.3 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.7 
1.6 
1.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.5 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.9 
2.1 
2.3 
1.9 
2.0 
1.8 
1.3 
1.4 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.5 

-0.46 
-0.91 
-0.46 
-0.73 
-1.01 
-0.60 
-0.92 
-0.55 
-0.46 
-0.64 
-0.96 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.43 
-0.45 
-0.91 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.44 
-0.83 
-0.41 
-0.38 
-0.41 
0.00 
-0.42 
-0.92 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.50 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 

95 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.53 
-1.29 
-0.65 
-1.10 
-1.60 
-0.97 
-1.32 
-0.78 
-0.65 
-0.90 
-1.40 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.54 
0.52 
0.00 
-0.68 
-0.66 
0.48 
-0.58 
-1.14 
-0.67 
-0.68 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.49 
-0.47 
-0.82 
-0.38 
-0.31 
-0.39 
0.00 
-0.42 
-1.43 
-0.67 
-0.60 
-0.65 
-0.72 
-0.67 
0.00 
0.00 

-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.6 
-2.2 
-1.3 
-2.0 
-1.2 
-1.0 
-1.4 
-2.1 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.1 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 

-6.67 
-8.70 
-4.55 
-16.67 
-34.92 
-28.26 
-13.33 
-12.00 
-5.56 
-14.00 
-19.09 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
2.94 
2.70 
0.00 
-7.69 
-5.56 
3.12 
-3.85 
-7.41 
-8.33 
-5.56 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.33 
-2.27 
-3.77 
-1.64 
-1.37 
-1.85 
0.00 
-2.00 
-28.17 
-6.67 
-4.17 
-8.33 
-10.00 
-4.76 
0.00 
0.00 

 
Figure 42. LANUV_SEQ_14 LANUV: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

96 

 
 
Table 41. NILU_18/0054: PM10 Results 

NILU_18/0054 

PM10 data capture = 79 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.5 
4.6 
14 
10 
19 
11 
11 
12 

36 

13 
18 

26 
26 
12 
17 
35 
38 
41 
42 

55 
47 
6.5 
15 
23 
12 
11 
21 
26 
26 

3.7 
3.8 
3.8 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 

3.9 

3.7 
3.7 

3.8 
3.8 
3.7 
3.7 
3.9 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

4.3 
4.1 
3.7 
3.7 
3.8 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.8 
3.8 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 

-0.45 

0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.90 
-0.89 
-0.89 
-0.89 

-0.80 
-1.25 
-0.28 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 

97 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
0.00 
-0.27 
0.00 
0.27 
0.27 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 
3.17 
0.2 
0.00 
0.0 
-6.67 
-1.0 
0.00 
0.0 
1.0 
5.56 
1.0  10.00 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.0 

-0.25 

-1.0 

-2.70 

0.00 
0.00 

0.0 
0.0 

0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
-0.26 
0.00 
-0.27 
-0.50 
-0.48 
-0.48 
-0.48 

0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 

0.00 
-3.70 
0.00 
-5.56 
-5.41 
-5.00 
-4.65 
-4.55 

-0.42 
-0.68 
-0.16 
0.00 
-0.26 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.26 

-2.0 
-3.0 
-0.6 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 

-3.51 
-6.00 
-8.45 
0.00 
-4.17 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 43. NILU_18/0054: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

98 

 
 
Table 42. SHI_19/0056: PM10 Results 

SHI_19/0056 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

13 
21 
20 
8.6 
5.6 
4.0 
14 
9.3 
17 
9.3 
9.6 
11 
34 
33 
32 
35 
31 
12 
16 
32 
25 
25 
11 
17 
36 
38 
41 
43 
53 
62 
74 
54 
59 
50 
6.8 
14 
22 
11 
7.3 
20 
25 
25 

3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.5 
3.4 
3.4 
3.5 
3.4 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.3 
3.3 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.6 
3.7 
3.9 
4.1 
3.7 
3.8 
3.7 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.4 

-0.92 
-0.91 
-0.91 
-0.46 
-0.32 
-0.28 
-0.46 
-0.32 
-0.46 
-0.32 
-0.64 
-0.46 
-0.90 
-1.35 
-0.90 
-0.90 
-0.45 
-0.46 
-0.91 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.91 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-0.89 
-0.89 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.41 
0.38 
0.00 
0.80 
0.00 
-0.14 
-0.46 
-0.91 
-0.46 
-1.70 
-0.46 
-0.45 
-0.91 

99 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.60 
-0.59 
-0.59 
-0.30 
-0.21 
-0.18 
-0.30 
-0.21 
-0.30 
-0.21 
-0.42 
-0.30 
-0.54 
-0.84 
-0.57 
-0.55 
-0.29 
-0.30 
-0.60 
0.00 
-0.29 
-0.57 
-0.30 
-0.30 
-0.28 
-0.55 
-0.54 
-0.26 
0.00 
0.24 
0.21 
0.00 
0.47 
0.00 
-0.09 
-0.30 
-0.59 
-0.30 
-1.10 
-0.30 
-0.29 
-0.57 

-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-0.7 
-0.6 
-1.0 
-0.7 
-1.0 
-0.7 
-1.4 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
2.0 
0.0 
-0.3 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-3.7 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 

-13.33 
-8.70 
-9.09 
-10.42 
-11.11 
-13.04 
-6.67 
-7.00 
-5.56 
-7.00 
-12.73 
-8.33 
-5.56 
-8.33 
-5.88 
-5.41 
-3.12 
-7.69 
-11.11 
0.00 
-3.85 
-7.41 
-8.33 
-5.56 
-2.70 
-5.00 
-4.65 
-2.27 
0.00 
1.64 
1.37 
0.00 
3.51 
0.00 
-4.23 
-6.67 
-8.33 
-8.33 
-33.64 
-4.76 
-3.85 
-7.41 

 
Figure 44. SHI_19/0056: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

100 

 
 
Table 43. VMM_25II01002: PM10 Results 

VMM_25II01002 

PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

14 
22 
21 
9.5 
6.4 
4.8 
14 
10 
17 
10 
10 
11 
36 
35 
34 
38 
32 
13 
18 
33 
26 
27 
11 
18 
37 
41 
43 
46 
54 
61 
66 
54 
57 
51 
6.9 
16 
25 
13 
12 
22 
27 
27 

1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
2.0 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.2 
2.0 
1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.4 
2.4 
2.6 
2.4 
2.4 
2.2 
1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
1.8 
1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 

-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.05 
0.05 
0.09 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.43 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.89 
0.42 
0.00 
-2.68 
0.00 
0.00 
0.42 
-0.09 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.45 
0.00 

101 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.53 
-0.47 
-0.48 
-0.05 
0.05 
0.11 
-0.53 
0.00 
-0.48 
0.00 
-0.53 
-0.54 
0.00 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.42 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.41 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.53 
0.00 
0.00 
0.41 
0.00 
0.79 
0.35 
0.00 
-2.06 
0.00 
0.00 
0.37 
-0.11 
0.48 
0.47 
0.53 
0.53 
0.48 
0.47 
0.00 

-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-7.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-0.2 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 

-6.67 
-4.35 
-4.55 
-1.04 
1.59 
4.35 
-6.67 
0.00 
-5.56 
0.00 
-9.09 
-8.33 
0.00 
-2.78 
0.00 
2.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.12 
0.00 
0.00 
-8.33 
0.00 
0.00 
2.50 
0.00 
4.55 
1.89 
0.00 
-9.59 
0.00 
0.00 
2.00 
-2.82 
6.67 
4.17 
8.33 
9.09 
4.76 
3.85 
0.00 

 
Figure 45. VMM_25II01002: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

102 

 
 
Table 44. PM2.5 AAA_17/0161 Results 

AAA_17/0161 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
19 
18 
8.9 
6.0 
4.4 
11 
8.9 
14 
6.9 
8.6 
9.8 
29 
30 
28 
30 
27 
12 
15 
27 
22 
21 
10 
15 
31 
31 
33 
34 
42 
52 
63 
47 
49 
44 
6.4 
13 
19 
11 
9.7 
16 
22 
20 

2.5 
3.1 
3.0 
2.1 
1.9 
1.8 
2.3 
2.1 
2.5 
1.9 
2.0 
2.1 
4.2 
4.4 
4.1 
4.3 
4.1 
2.3 
2.7 
4.0 
3.4 
3.4 
2.2 
2.6 
4.5 
4.5 
4.8 
4.9 
5.9 
7.2 
8.7 
6.6 
6.9 
6.2 
1.9 
2.4 
3.1 
2.2 
2.1 
2.7 
3.4 
3.2 

0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.09 
0.18 
0.37 
-0.46 
-0.05 
-0.46 
-0.92 
-0.23 
0.00 
-0.90 
-0.45 
-0.91 
-0.90 
-1.36 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.91 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.90 
-0.45 
-1.28 
-0.45 
-0.89 
-0.88 
-1.63 
-0.41 
-0.83 
-0.89 
0.28 
0.46 
-0.46 
0.46 
0.09 
-0.46 
0.46 
-0.46 

103 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
-0.31 
-0.32 
0.09 
0.21 
0.43 
-0.42 
-0.05 
-0.38 
-0.99 
-0.24 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.22 
-0.47 
-0.45 
-0.71 
0.00 
-0.36 
-0.24 
0.00 
-0.56 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.43 
-0.22 
-0.60 
-0.20 
-0.33 
-0.27 
-0.45 
-0.15 
-0.28 
-0.32 
0.30 
0.40 
-0.31 
0.44 
0.09 
-0.36 
0.28 
-0.30 

0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.2 
0.4 
0.8 
-1.0 
-0.1 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-0.5 
0.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-4.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
0.6 
1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.2 
-1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 

0.00 
-5.00 
-5.26 
2.30 
7.14 
22.22 
-8.33 
-1.11 
-6.67 
-22.47 
-5.49 
0.00 
-6.45 
-3.23 
-6.67 
-6.25 
-10.00 
0.00 
-6.25 
-3.57 
0.00 
-8.70 
0.00 
0.00 
-6.06 
-3.12 
-8.33 
-2.86 
-4.55 
-3.70 
-5.97 
-2.08 
-3.92 
-4.35 
10.34 
8.33 
-5.00 
10.00 
2.11 
-5.88 
4.76 
-4.76 

 
Figure 46. PM2.5 AAA_17/0161 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

104 

 
 
Table 45. PM2.5 ACES_10461 Results 

ACES_10461 

PM2.5 data capture = 95 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
20 
19 
8.5 
5.5 
3.4 
11 
8.3 
15 
9.0 
8.6 
9.2 
32 
32 
31 
33 
31 
12 
16 
30 
22 
24 
9.4 
15 
33 
33 
36 
36 
44 
49 
63 

46 
5.4 
11 
20 
9.5 
9.6 
16 
20 
20 

1.30 
2.00 
1.90 
0.86 
0.56 
0.34 
1.10 
0.85 
1.60 
0.91 
0.88 
0.93 
3.30 
3.20 
3.10 
3.30 
3.20 
1.30 
1.60 
3.00 
2.20 
2.40 
0.95 
1.50 
3.40 
3.30 
3.60 
3.60 
4.40 
5.00 
6.30 

4.70 
0.55 
1.10 
2.00 
0.97 
0.97 
1.60 
2.00 
2.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.09 
-0.05 
-0.09 
-0.46 
-0.32 
0.00 
0.05 
-0.23 
-0.28 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.91 
0.00 
0.46 
-0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
-2.19 
-1.63 

0.00 
-0.18 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.23 
0.05 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 

105 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.21 
-0.14 
-0.39 
-0.80 
-0.72 
0.00 
0.09 
-0.48 
-0.56 
0.29 
0.29 
0.31 
0.29 
0.30 
0.00 
0.00 
0.64 
0.00 
0.38 
-0.52 
0.00 
0.00 
0.29 
0.00 
0.27 
0.00 
-0.97 
-0.62 

0.00 
-0.51 
-0.77 
0.00 
-0.44 
0.09 
-0.56 
-0.44 
-0.46 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.2 
-0.1 
-0.2 
-1.0 
-0.7 
0.0 
0.1 
-0.5 
-0.6 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
2.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-0.6 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-5.0 
-4.0 

0.0 
-0.4 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.5 
0.1 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.30 
-1.79 
-5.56 
-8.33 
-7.78 
0.00 
1.12 
-5.49 
-6.12 
3.23 
3.23 
3.33 
3.12 
3.33 
0.00 
0.00 
7.14 
0.00 
4.35 
-6.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.12 
0.00 
2.86 
0.00 
-9.26 
-5.97 

0.00 
-6.90 
-8.33 
0.00 
-5.00 
1.05 
-5.88 
-4.76 
-4.76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 47. PM2.5 ACES_10461 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

106 

 
 
Table 46. PM2.5 AEV_24-147 Results 

AEV_24-147 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

12 
18 
17 
6.8 
4.3 
3.0 
10 
7.2 
13 
6.7 
7.2 
7.9 
28 
28 
28 
29 
26 
10 
13 
24 
19 
19 
8.1 
12 
30 
29 
32 
30 
40 
48 
61 
42 
45 
40 
3.4 
9.2 
17 
6.3 
6.8 
14 
18 
17 

4.06 
4.16 
4.14 
4.02 
4.01 
4.00 
4.05 
4.03 
4.08 
4.02 
4.03 
4.03 
4.37 
4.37 
4.35 
4.38 
4.33 
4.05 
4.08 
4.26 
4.17 
4.17 
4.03 
4.07 
4.40 
4.39 
4.47 
4.42 
4.72 
4.98 
5.50 
4.77 
4.87 
4.71 
4.01 
4.04 
4.13 
4.02 
4.02 
4.09 
4.16 
4.14 

-0.46 
-0.91 
-0.91 
-0.87 
-0.60 
-0.28 
-0.92 
-0.83 
-0.92 
-1.01 
-0.87 
-0.87 
-1.36 
-1.36 
-0.91 
-1.36 
-1.81 
-0.92 
-1.37 
-1.81 
-1.37 
-1.82 
-0.87 
-1.37 
-1.35 
-1.36 
-1.70 
-2.25 
-1.78 
-2.63 
-2.45 
-2.43 
-2.50 
-2.66 
-1.10 
-1.28 
-1.37 
-1.70 
-1.24 
-1.37 
-1.37 
-1.83 

107 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.24 
-0.47 
-0.48 
-0.47 
-0.32 
-0.15 
-0.49 
-0.44 
-0.48 
-0.54 
-0.47 
-0.47 
-0.66 
-0.66 
-0.45 
-0.67 
-0.90 
-0.49 
-0.73 
-0.92 
-0.71 
-0.93 
-0.47 
-0.73 
-0.66 
-0.67 
-0.85 
-1.10 
-0.83 
-1.17 
-1.06 
-1.16 
-1.18 
-1.24 
-0.59 
-0.68 
-0.71 
-0.91 
-0.66 
-0.72 
-0.70 
-0.94 

-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.9 
-1.3 
-0.6 
-2.0 
-1.8 
-2.0 
-2.2 
-1.9 
-1.9 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-1.9 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 
-5.0 
-4.0 
-6.0 
-6.0 
-6.0 
-6.0 
-6.0 
-2.4 
-2.8 
-3.0 
-3.7 
-2.7 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-4.0 

-7.69 
-10.00 
-10.53 
-21.84 
-23.21 
-16.67 
-16.67 
-20.00 
-13.33 
-24.72 
-20.88 
-19.39 
-9.68 
-9.68 
-6.67 
-9.38 
-13.33 
-16.67 
-18.75 
-14.29 
-13.64 
-17.39 
-19.00 
-20.00 
-9.09 
-9.38 
-11.11 
-14.29 
-9.09 
-11.11 
-8.96 
-12.50 
-11.76 
-13.04 
-41.38 
-23.33 
-15.00 
-37.00 
-28.42 
-17.65 
-14.29 
-19.05 

 
 Figure 48. PM2.5 AEV_24-147 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

108 

 
 
Table 47. PM2.5 CETI_23/0068 Results 

CETI_23/0068 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

23.15 
20.07 
17.80 
7.53 
4.57 
3.95 
11.63 
8.78 
15.02 
7.90 
10.15 
11.01 
32.23 
32.87 
31.84 
36.26 
31.25 
14.29 
18.83 
28.78 
23.77 
23.85 
12.11 
17.35 
35.00 
37.33 
40.55 
41.79 
76.67 
57.98 
68.33 
47.76 
50.84 
42.99 
9.40 
14.37 
19.67 
9.81 
9.11 
18.61 
24.61 
24.10 

2.08 
1.81 
1.60 
0.68 
0.41 
0.36 
1.05 
0.79 
1.35 
0.71 
0.91 
0.99 
2.90 
2.96 
2.87 
3.26 
2.81 
1.29 
1.69 
2.59 
2.14 
2.15 
1.09 
1.56 
3.15 
3.36 
3.65 
3.76 
6.90 
5.22 
6.15 
4.30 
4.58 
3.87 
0.85 
1.29 
1.77 
0.88 
0.82 
1.67 
2.21 
2.17 

4.66 
0.03 
-0.55 
-0.54 
-0.47 
0.16 
-0.17 
-0.10 
0.01 
-0.46 
0.48 
0.56 
0.56 
0.85 
0.83 
1.92 
0.57 
1.05 
1.30 
0.35 
0.81 
0.39 
0.97 
1.08 
0.90 
2.41 
1.94 
3.06 
14.53 
1.74 
0.54 
-0.10 
-0.07 
-1.34 
1.66 
1.09 
-0.15 
-0.09 
-0.18 
0.74 
1.65 
1.42 

109 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

4.73  10.15 
0.07 
0.04 
-1.20 
-0.69 
-1.17 
-1.43 
-1.03 
-1.71 
0.35 
0.67 
-0.37 
-0.31 
-0.22 
-0.24 
0.02 
0.01 
-1.00 
-1.02 
1.05 
0.98 
1.21 
1.07 
1.23 
0.39 
1.87 
0.58 
1.84 
0.61 
4.26 
1.25 
1.25 
0.42 
2.29 
1.66 
2.83 
1.55 
0.78 
0.28 
1.77 
0.77 
0.85 
0.36 
2.11 
1.67 
2.35 
1.43 
2.00 
0.60 
5.33 
1.52 
1.15 
4.55 
6.79 
1.74 
4.68  32.67 
3.98 
0.74 
1.33 
0.21 
-0.24 
-0.05 
-0.16 
-0.03 
-3.01 
-0.75 
3.60 
3.54 
2.37 
1.63 
-0.33 
-0.17 
-0.19 
-0.18 
-0.39 
-0.39 
1.61 
0.88 
3.61 
1.48 
3.10 
1.32 

78.08 
0.35 
-6.32 
-13.45 
-18.39 
9.72 
-3.08 
-2.44 
0.13 
-11.24 
11.54 
12.35 
3.97 
6.03 
6.13 
13.31 
4.17 
19.08 
17.69 
2.79 
8.05 
3.70 
21.10 
15.67 
6.06 
16.66 
12.64 
19.40 
74.25 
7.37 
1.99 
-0.50 
-0.31 
-6.54 
62.07 
19.75 
-1.65 
-1.90 
-4.11 
9.47 
17.19 
14.76 

 
Figure 49. PM2.5 CETI_23/0068 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

110 

 
 
Table 48. PM2.5 CHMI_19/0156 Results 

CHMI_19/0156 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type  En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
23 
22 
10 
7.0 
3.9 
15 
11 
19 
10 
11 
13 
34 
37 
35 
38 
32 
14 
18 
39 
26 
28 
12 
19 
39 
42 
46 
46 
57 
66 
77 
56 
61 
54 
7.3 
15 
25 
13 
12 
22 
27 
29 

2.7 
3.1 
3.1 
2.6 
2.5 
2.5 
2.8 
2.6 
2.9 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
3.8 
4.0 
3.9 
4.1 
3.7 
2.7 
2.9 
4.2 
3.3 
3.4 
2.6 
2.9 
4.2 
4.4 
4.6 
4.7 
5.5 
6.2 
7.1 
5.4 
5.8 
5.3 
2.5 
2.8 
3.3 
2.7 
2.7 
3.1 
3.4 
3.5 

0.00 
1.37 
1.37 
0.60 
0.64 
0.14 
1.38 
0.92 
1.83 
0.51 
0.87 
1.47 
1.36 
2.71 
2.26 
2.71 
0.91 
0.92 
0.92 
4.99 
1.82 
2.28 
0.92 
1.83 
2.71 
4.52 
4.26 
4.95 
5.78 
5.25 
4.08 
3.24 
4.17 
3.55 
0.69 
1.38 
2.28 
1.38 
1.15 
2.29 
2.74 
3.65 

111 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
15.00 
3.0 
0.94 
15.79 
3.0 
0.94 
14.94 
1.3 
0.49 
25.00 
1.4 
0.55 
8.33 
0.3 
0.12 
25.00 
3.0 
1.05 
22.22 
2.0 
0.76 
26.67 
4.0 
1.33 
12.36 
1.1 
0.41 
20.88 
1.9 
0.71 
32.65 
3.2 
1.16 
9.68 
3.0 
0.76 
19.35 
6.0 
1.43 
16.67 
5.0 
1.24 
18.75 
6.0 
1.42 
6.67 
2.0 
0.52 
16.67 
2.0 
0.73 
0.67 
12.50 
2.0 
2.56  11.0  39.29 
18.18 
4.0 
1.17 
21.74 
5.0 
1.41 
20.00 
2.0 
0.75 
26.67 
4.0 
1.36 
1.39 
18.18 
6.0 
2.22  10.0  31.25 
2.06  10.0  27.78 
2.29  11.0  31.43 
2.32  13.0  29.55 
1.90  12.0  22.22 
1.38  10.0  14.93 
16.67 
8.0 
1.39 
1.67  10.0  19.61 
17.39 
8.0 
1.48 
25.86 
1.5 
0.59 
25.00 
3.0 
1.04 
25.00 
5.0 
1.47 
30.00 
3.0 
1.08 
26.32 
2.5 
0.91 
29.41 
5.0 
1.57 
28.57 
6.0 
1.69 
38.10 
8.0 
2.21 

 
 Figure 50. PM2.5 CHMI_19/0156 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

112 

 
 
Table 49. PM2.5 DCE_23/0096 Results 

DCE_23/0096 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

12 
19 
18 
8.2 
5.5 
3.3 
11 
8.3 
14 
8.5 
8.9 
9.2 
31 
32 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
29 
22 
25 
11 
15 
32 
32 
34 
36 
45 
54 
67 
51 
52 
46 
5.7 
12 
19 
9.4 
8.9 
17 
22 
21 

2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.6 
2.6 
2.5 
2.6 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.9 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 
2.5 

-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.23 
-0.05 
-0.14 
-0.46 
-0.32 
-0.46 
-0.18 
-0.09 
-0.28 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.91 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.85 
0.45 
0.44 
0.00 
0.00 
1.22 
0.42 
0.00 
-0.05 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.28 
-0.28 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 

113 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.39 
-0.38 
-0.39 
-0.20 
-0.04 
-0.12 
-0.39 
-0.28 
-0.38 
-0.15 
-0.08 
-0.23 
0.00 
0.34 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.38 
0.00 
0.74 
0.39 
0.00 
-0.36 
0.00 
-0.66 
0.36 
0.34 
0.00 
0.00 
0.90 
0.32 
0.00 
-0.04 
0.00 
-0.38 
-0.23 
-0.23 
0.00 
0.37 
0.00 

-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.5 
-0.1 
-0.3 
-1.0 
-0.7 
-1.0 
-0.4 
-0.2 
-0.6 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
3.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-0.1 
0.0 
-1.0 
-0.6 
-0.6 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 

-7.69 
-5.00 
-5.26 
-5.75 
-1.79 
-8.33 
-8.33 
-7.78 
-6.67 
-4.49 
-2.20 
-6.12 
0.00 
3.23 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.57 
0.00 
8.70 
10.00 
0.00 
-3.03 
0.00 
-5.56 
2.86 
2.27 
0.00 
0.00 
6.25 
1.96 
0.00 
-1.72 
0.00 
-5.00 
-6.00 
-6.32 
0.00 
4.76 
0.00 

 
 Figure 51. PM2.5 DCE_23/0096 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

114 

 
 
Table 50. PM2.5 EAA_001 Results 

EAA_001 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
20 
19 
9 
6 
4 
12 
9 
15 
8 
9 
10 
28 
28 
28 
28 
26 
12 
15 
26 
20 
21 
11 
14 
33 
32 
36 
33 
45 
54 
68 
47 
51 
46 
6 
12 
18 
10 
9 
16 
19 
20 

3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.5 
3.4 
3.5 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.8 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.8 
3.5 
3.5 
3.8 
3.6 
3.6 
3.4 
3.5 
4.0 
4.0 
4.1 
4.0 
4.5 
4.9 
5.6 
4.6 
4.8 
4.6 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
3.4 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
3.6 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.14 
0.18 
0.18 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.41 
-0.05 
0.09 
-1.36 
-1.36 
-0.91 
-1.81 
-1.81 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.91 
-0.91 
-0.91 
0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.90 
0.44 
0.00 
0.41 
-0.41 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
0.00 
-0.91 
0.00 
-0.23 
-0.46 
-0.91 
-0.46 

115 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
0.12 
0.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.26 
-0.03 
0.06 
-0.76 
-0.73 
-0.50 
-0.99 
-1.02 
0.00 
-0.28 
-0.51 
-0.54 
-0.53 
0.29 
-0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.48 
0.22 
0.00 
0.17 
-0.20 
0.00 
0.00 
0.06 
0.00 
-0.54 
0.00 
-0.14 
-0.28 
-0.53 
-0.27 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.3 
0.4 
0.4 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.9 
-0.1 
0.2 
-3.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.2 
0.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
-0.5 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.45 
7.14 
11.11 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-10.11 
-1.10 
2.04 
-9.68 
-9.68 
-6.67 
-12.50 
-13.33 
0.00 
-6.25 
-7.14 
-9.09 
-8.70 
10.00 
-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-5.71 
2.27 
0.00 
1.49 
-2.08 
0.00 
0.00 
3.45 
0.00 
-10.00 
0.00 
-5.26 
-5.88 
-9.52 
-4.76 

 
 Figure 52. PM2.5 EAA_001 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

116 

 
 
Table 51. PM2.5 EARS_17/0069 Results 

EARS_17/0069 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
19 
17 
7.9 
4.7 
2.9 
11 
7.9 
14 
7.9 
8.3 
8.9 
31 
31 
30 
31 
28 
11 
15 
28 
22 
23 
10 
14 
31 
30 
34 
33 
45 
54 
67 
51 
52 
47 
5.7 
12 
19 
9.4 
8.6 
16 
21 
22 

1.6 
2.3 
2.1 
1.0 
0.6 
0.4 
1.4 
1.0 
1.7 
1.0 
1.0 
1.1 
3.8 
3.8 
3.6 
3.8 
3.4 
1.4 
1.8 
3.4 
2.7 
2.8 
1.2 
1.7 
3.8 
3.6 
4.1 
4.0 
5.4 
6.5 
8.1 
6.2 
6.3 
5.7 
0.7 
1.5 
2.3 
1.2 
1.1 
2.0 
2.6 
2.7 

0.00 
-0.46 
-0.91 
-0.37 
-0.41 
-0.32 
-0.46 
-0.51 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.37 
-0.41 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.91 
-0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.90 
-0.90 
-0.85 
-0.90 
0.44 
0.00 
0.00 
1.22 
0.42 
0.44 
-0.05 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.28 
-0.41 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.46 

117 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
-0.41 
-0.90 
-0.73 
-1.21 
-1.27 
-0.66 
-1.00 
-0.54 
-0.83 
-0.70 
-0.73 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.25 
-0.57 
-0.67 
-0.52 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.56 
-0.51 
-0.54 
-0.46 
-0.48 
0.18 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.15 
0.17 
-0.11 
0.00 
-0.41 
-0.45 
-0.72 
-0.47 
0.00 
0.35 

0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-0.8 
-0.9 
-0.7 
-1.0 
-1.1 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.8 
-0.9 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
3.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-0.1 
0.0 
-1.0 
-0.6 
-0.9 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 

0.00 
-5.00 
-10.53 
-9.20 
-16.07 
-19.44 
-8.33 
-12.22 
-6.67 
-11.24 
-8.79 
-9.18 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.12 
-6.67 
-8.33 
-6.25 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-6.67 
-6.06 
-6.25 
-5.56 
-5.71 
2.27 
0.00 
0.00 
6.25 
1.96 
2.17 
-1.72 
0.00 
-5.00 
-6.00 
-9.47 
-5.88 
0.00 
4.76 

 
 Figure 53. PM2.5 EARS_17/0069 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

118 

 
 
Table 52. PM2.5 EEA_SQ111A720220138 Results 

EEA_SQ111A720220138 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
22 
21 
9.8 
7.4 
5.0 
13 
9.6 
16 
9.9 
9.7 
11 
30 
32 
31 
33 
31 
13 
17 
23 
14 
21 
8.7 
15 
29 
28 
31 
34 
38 
47 
58 
44 
47 
40 
4.6 
12 
19 
8.7 
6.8 
11 
18 
19 

0.8 
1.4 
1.2 
0.6 
0.4 
0.4 
0.8 
0.6 
1.0 
0.6 
0.6 
0.6 
1.8 
2.0 
1.8 
2.0 
1.8 
0.8 
1.0 
1.4 
0.8 
1.2 
0.6 
0.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
2.0 
2.4 
3.0 
3.4 
2.6 
2.8 
2.4 
0.2 
0.8 
1.2 
0.6 
0.4 
0.6 
1.0 
1.2 

0.46 
0.91 
0.91 
0.51 
0.83 
0.64 
0.46 
0.28 
0.46 
0.46 
0.28 
0.55 
-0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.46 
0.46 
-2.27 
-3.65 
-0.91 
-0.60 
0.00 
-1.81 
-1.81 
-2.13 
-0.45 
-2.67 
-3.06 
-3.67 
-1.62 
-1.67 
-2.66 
-0.55 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.60 
-1.24 
-2.75 
-1.37 
-0.91 

119 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

1.05 
1.27 
1.44 
1.45 
3.03 
2.54 
1.00 
0.79 
0.80 
1.10 
0.73 
1.49 
-0.47 
0.42 
0.49 
0.45 
0.49 
1.06 
0.83 
-3.00 
-6.90 
-1.26 
-1.48 
0.00 
-1.93 
-1.95 
-2.12 
-0.45 
-2.27 
-2.18 
-2.44 
-1.22 
-1.26 
-2.27 
-2.02 
0.00 
-0.69 
-1.53 
-3.83 
-6.20 
-2.08 
-1.33 

1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.1 
1.8 
1.4 
1.0 
0.6 
1.0 
1.0 
0.6 
1.2 
-1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-5.0 
-8.0 
-2.0 
-1.3 
0.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-5.0 
-1.0 
-6.0 
-7.0 
-9.0 
-4.0 
-4.0 
-6.0 
-1.2 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.3 
-2.7 
-6.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 

7.69 
10.00 
10.53 
12.64 
32.14 
38.89 
8.33 
6.67 
6.67 
11.24 
6.59 
12.24 
-3.23 
3.23 
3.33 
3.12 
3.33 
8.33 
6.25 
-17.86 
-36.36 
-8.70 
-13.00 
0.00 
-12.12 
-12.50 
-13.89 
-2.86 
-13.64 
-12.96 
-13.43 
-8.33 
-7.84 
-13.04 
-20.69 
0.00 
-5.00 
-13.00 
-28.42 
-35.29 
-14.29 
-9.52 

 
 Figure 54. PM2.5 EEA_SQ111A720220138 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

120 

 
 
Table 53. PM2.5 EPA_19/0174 A0111 Results 

EPA_19/0174 A0111 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
21 
19 
9.3 
6.4 
4.7 
12 
9.3 
15 
17 
10 
10 
32 
32 
30 
33 
29 
11 
16 
28 
22 
17 
11 
15 
33 
33 
39 
38 
47 
56 
69 
50 
53 
48 
7.0 
13 
21 
11 
11 
18 
22 
22 

2.00 
3.30 
3.00 
1.50 
1.00 
0.74 
1.90 
1.50 
2.40 
2.70 
1.60 
1.60 
5.10 
5.10 
4.80 
5.20 
4.60 
1.70 
2.50 
4.40 
3.50 
2.70 
1.70 
2.40 
5.20 
5.30 
6.20 
6.00 
7.40 
9.00 
11.00 
8.00 
8.40 
7.70 
1.10 
2.10 
3.40 
1.70 
1.70 
2.80 
3.50 
3.50 

0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
0.28 
0.37 
0.51 
0.00 
0.14 
0.00 
3.72 
0.41 
0.09 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
-0.45 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.73 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
1.28 
1.35 
1.33 
0.88 
0.82 
0.81 
0.83 
0.89 
0.55 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.69 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 

121 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.30 
0.00 
0.38 
0.73 
1.32 
0.00 
0.19 
0.00 
2.91 
0.53 
0.12 
0.19 
0.19 
0.00 
0.19 
-0.21 
-0.56 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.07 
0.55 
0.00 
0.00 
0.19 
0.47 
0.49 
0.40 
0.22 
0.18 
0.24 
0.23 
0.26 
0.97 
0.45 
0.29 
0.55 
0.84 
0.34 
0.27 
0.28 

0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.6 
0.8 
1.1 
0.0 
0.3 
0.0 
8.1 
0.9 
0.2 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-6.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.2 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.5 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

0.00 
5.00 
0.00 
6.90 
14.29 
30.56 
0.00 
3.33 
0.00 
91.01 
9.89 
2.04 
3.23 
3.23 
0.00 
3.12 
-3.33 
-8.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-26.09 
10.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.12 
8.33 
8.57 
6.82 
3.70 
2.99 
4.17 
3.92 
4.35 
20.69 
8.33 
5.00 
10.00 
15.79 
5.88 
4.76 
4.76 

 
 Figure 55. PM2.5 EPA_19/0174 A0111 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

122 

 
 
Table 54. PM2.5 ERLAP_116 Results 

ERLAP_116 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
21 
20 
9.8 
5.2 
4.6 
13 
9.9 
17 
11 
9.9 
10 
33 
34 
30 
33 
31 
12 
17 
30 
23 
25 
9.7 
16 
34 
33 
35 
36 
44 
53 
67 
49 
51 
46 
4.2 
12 
20 
10 
9.1 
16 
21 
20 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
3.0 
3.2 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.51 
-0.18 
0.46 
0.46 
0.41 
0.92 
0.96 
0.37 
0.09 
0.90 
1.36 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 
0.91 
-0.14 
0.46 
0.45 
0.45 
-0.43 
0.45 
0.00 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.41 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.74 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.18 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.46 

123 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.35 
0.35 
0.35 
0.39 
-0.14 
0.35 
0.35 
0.32 
0.69 
0.73 
0.28 
0.07 
0.64 
0.94 
0.00 
0.33 
0.33 
0.00 
0.35 
0.68 
0.34 
0.67 
-0.10 
0.35 
0.33 
0.33 
-0.31 
0.33 
0.00 
-0.31 
0.00 
0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.56 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.14 
-0.34 
0.00 
-0.34 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.1 
-0.4 
1.0 
1.0 
0.9 
2.0 
2.1 
0.8 
0.2 
2.0 
3.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
-0.3 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.6 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.4 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 

7.69 
5.00 
5.26 
12.64 
-7.14 
27.78 
8.33 
10.00 
13.33 
23.60 
8.79 
2.04 
6.45 
9.68 
0.00 
3.12 
3.33 
0.00 
6.25 
7.14 
4.55 
8.70 
-3.00 
6.67 
3.03 
3.12 
-2.78 
2.86 
0.00 
-1.85 
0.00 
2.08 
0.00 
0.00 
-27.59 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.21 
-5.88 
0.00 
-4.76 

 
 Figure 56. PM2.5 ERLAP_116 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

124 

 
 
Table 55. PM2.5 ERLAP_68 Results 

ERLAP_68 

PM2.5 data capture = 90 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
21 
20 
9.2 
5.4 
3.8 
12 
9.8 
17 
10 
9.6 
9.8 
32 
32 
30 
32 

18 
28 
21 
22 
8.7 
15 
34 
34 
36 
35 
44 
53 
65 
45 
49 
44 
4.7 
12 
19 
10 
8.6 
16 
21 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.9 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
3.0 
3.1 
2.9 
3.0 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.23 
-0.09 
0.09 
0.00 
0.37 
0.92 
0.51 
0.23 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 

0.92 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.60 
0.00 
0.45 
0.90 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.44 
-0.82 
-1.22 
-0.83 
-0.89 
-0.51 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.41 
-0.46 
0.00 

125 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.35 
0.35 
0.35 
0.18 
-0.07 
0.07 
0.00 
0.28 
0.69 
0.38 
0.18 
0.00 
0.32 
0.31 
0.00 
0.00 

0.69 
0.00 
-0.34 
-0.33 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.33 
0.65 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.31 
-0.59 
-0.85 
-0.59 
-0.64 
-0.39 
0.00 
-0.34 
0.00 
-0.31 
-0.34 
0.00 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.5 
-0.2 
0.2 
0.0 
0.8 
2.0 
1.1 
0.5 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 

2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.3 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.1 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.9 
-1.0 
0.0 

7.69 
5.00 
5.26 
5.75 
-3.57 
5.56 
0.00 
8.89 
13.33 
12.36 
5.49 
0.00 
3.23 
3.23 
0.00 
0.00 

12.50 
0.00 
-4.55 
-4.35 
-13.00 
0.00 
3.03 
6.25 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.85 
-2.99 
-6.25 
-3.92 
-4.35 
-18.97 
0.00 
-5.00 
0.00 
-9.47 
-5.88 
0.00 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 57. PM2.5 ERLAP_68 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

126 

 
 
Table 56. PM2.5 ERLAP_78 Results 

ERLAP_78 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
21 
20 
9.4 
6.0 
3.8 
12 
9.4 
16 
9.6 
9.6 
9.5 
32 
32 
29 
32 
30 
12 
16 
29 
23 
24 
9.1 
15 
33 
32 
35 
34 
43 
52 
66 
46 
50 
45 
4.8 
12 
19 
10 
9.0 
15 
20 
19 

2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.8 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
3.0 
3.2 
3.0 
3.0 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 
2.8 

0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.32 
0.18 
0.09 
0.00 
0.18 
0.46 
0.32 
0.23 
-0.14 
0.45 
0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.46 
0.46 
-0.41 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.43 
-0.45 
-0.44 
-0.88 
-0.41 
-0.81 
-0.42 
-0.44 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.23 
-0.92 
-0.46 
-0.91 

127 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.35 
0.35 
0.35 
0.25 
0.14 
0.07 
0.00 
0.14 
0.34 
0.24 
0.18 
-0.11 
0.32 
0.31 
-0.34 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.34 
0.34 
0.33 
-0.31 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.31 
-0.33 
-0.32 
-0.62 
-0.28 
-0.56 
-0.30 
-0.32 
-0.35 
0.00 
-0.34 
0.00 
-0.17 
-0.69 
-0.33 
-0.68 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.7 
0.4 
0.2 
0.0 
0.4 
1.0 
0.7 
0.5 
-0.3 
1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-0.9 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.5 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 

7.69 
5.00 
5.26 
8.05 
7.14 
5.56 
0.00 
4.44 
6.67 
7.87 
5.49 
-3.06 
3.23 
3.23 
-3.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.57 
4.55 
4.35 
-9.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.78 
-2.86 
-2.27 
-3.70 
-1.49 
-4.17 
-1.96 
-2.17 
-17.24 
0.00 
-5.00 
0.00 
-5.26 
-11.76 
-4.76 
-9.52 

 
 Figure 58. PM2.5 ERLAP_78 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

128 

 
 
Table 57. PM2.5 FMI_SEQ2 Results 

FMI_SEQ2 

PM2.5 data capture = 93 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

12 
20 
19 
8.3 
5.3 
3.5 
11 
8.7 
15 
8.8 
8.7 
9.2 
30 
28 
28 
30 
28 
12 
15 
27 
22 
23 
11 
15 
31 
31 
33 
34 
42 

43 
46 

5.1 
11 
19 
9.7 
8.9 
16 
20 
20 

0.99 
1.60 
1.50 
0.66 
0.42 
0.28 
0.89 
0.69 
1.20 
0.70 
0.69 
0.73 
2.40 
2.20 
2.30 
2.40 
2.30 
0.94 
1.20 
2.10 
1.70 
1.80 
0.84 
1.20 
2.50 
2.50 
2.60 
2.70 
3.30 

3.40 
3.70 

0.41 
0.90 
1.50 
0.77 
0.71 
1.30 
1.60 
1.60 

-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.18 
-0.14 
-0.05 
-0.46 
-0.14 
0.00 
-0.05 
-0.18 
-0.28 
-0.45 
-1.36 
-0.91 
-0.90 
-0.91 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.90 
-0.45 
-1.28 
-0.45 
-0.89 

-2.03 
-2.09 

-0.32 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.14 
-0.28 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.46 

129 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.89 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.50 
-0.49 
-0.21 
-0.93 
-0.36 
0.00 
-0.10 
-0.45 
-0.66 
-0.38 
-1.17 
-0.80 
-0.77 
-0.80 
0.00 
-0.73 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.00 
0.95 
0.00 
-0.74 
-0.37 
-1.00 
-0.35 
-0.57 

-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.4 
-0.3 
-0.1 
-1.0 
-0.3 
0.0 
-0.1 
-0.4 
-0.6 
-1.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 

-7.69 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.60 
-5.36 
-2.78 
-8.33 
-3.33 
0.00 
-1.12 
-4.40 
-6.12 
-3.23 
-9.68 
-6.67 
-6.25 
-6.67 
0.00 
-6.25 
-3.57 
0.00 
0.00 
10.00 
0.00 
-6.06 
-3.12 
-8.33 
-2.86 
-4.55 

-1.27 
-1.25 

-5.0 
-5.0 

-10.42 
-9.80 

-1.01 
-0.89 
-0.59 
-0.31 
-0.65 
-0.66 
-0.52 
-0.54 

-0.7 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.3 
-0.6 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 

-12.07 
-8.33 
-5.00 
-3.00 
-6.32 
-5.88 
-4.76 
-4.76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 59. PM2.5 FMI_SEQ2 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

130 

 
 
 
Table 58. PM2.5 GIOS_2 Results 

GIOS_2 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
20 
19 
8.9 
5.1 
3.1 
10 
8.5 
13 
8.2 
6.9 
6.7 
29 
29 
28 
30 
30 
11 
15 
27 
23 
25 
11 
16 
34 
33 
38 
37 
46 
55 
68 
52 
54 
48 
6.8 
14 
22 
12 
11 
18 
24 
23 

4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.3 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
4.6 
4.7 
4.5 
4.6 
4.5 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
-0.23 
-0.23 
-0.92 
-0.23 
-0.92 
-0.32 
-1.01 
-1.42 
-0.90 
-0.90 
-0.91 
-0.90 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.45 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 
0.46 
0.45 
0.45 
0.85 
0.90 
0.89 
0.44 
0.41 
1.62 
1.25 
0.89 
0.46 
0.92 
0.91 
0.92 
0.69 
0.46 
1.37 
0.91 

131 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
-0.11 
-0.12 
-0.45 
-0.11 
-0.45 
-0.16 
-0.50 
-0.70 
-0.44 
-0.44 
-0.44 
-0.44 
0.00 
-0.23 
-0.22 
-0.22 
0.22 
0.44 
0.22 
0.23 
0.22 
0.22 
0.42 
0.43 
0.43 
0.21 
0.20 
0.81 
0.62 
0.43 
0.23 
0.45 
0.45 
0.45 
0.34 
0.22 
0.66 
0.45 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.2 
-0.5 
-0.5 
-2.0 
-0.5 
-2.0 
-0.7 
-2.2 
-3.1 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
4.0 
3.0 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.5 
1.0 
3.0 
2.0 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
2.30 
-8.93 
-13.89 
-16.67 
-5.56 
-13.33 
-7.87 
-24.18 
-31.63 
-6.45 
-6.45 
-6.67 
-6.25 
0.00 
-8.33 
-6.25 
-3.57 
4.55 
8.70 
10.00 
6.67 
3.03 
3.12 
5.56 
5.71 
4.55 
1.85 
1.49 
8.33 
5.88 
4.35 
17.24 
16.67 
10.00 
20.00 
15.79 
5.88 
14.29 
9.52 

 
 Figure 60. PM2.5 GIOS_2 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

132 

 
 
Table 59. PM2.5 HungaroMet_2940 Results 

HungaroMet_2940 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
22 
20 
9.4 
6.1 
3.5 
13 
10 
17 
8.8 
9.3 
11 
33 
33 
33 
33 
30 
13 
17 
30 
24 
24 
11 
16 
34 
33 
35 
36 
45 
53 
67 
58 
53 
47 
6.4 
11 
20 
10 
9.8 
17 
22 
21 

2.6 
3.5 
3.2 
2.2 
2.0 
1.9 
2.5 
2.2 
2.9 
2.1 
2.2 
2.3 
4.8 
4.7 
4.7 
4.8 
4.4 
2.6 
2.9 
4.4 
3.7 
3.8 
2.3 
2.8 
5.0 
4.8 
5.1 
5.2 
6.3 
7.4 
9.2 
8.1 
7.4 
6.7 
2.0 
2.3 
3.2 
2.2 
2.2 
2.9 
3.5 
3.4 

0.46 
0.91 
0.46 
0.32 
0.23 
-0.05 
0.46 
0.46 
0.92 
-0.05 
0.09 
0.55 
0.90 
0.90 
1.36 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.91 
0.91 
0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.45 
0.45 
-0.43 
0.45 
0.44 
-0.44 
0.00 
4.05 
0.83 
0.44 
0.28 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.14 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 

133 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

7.69 
1.0 
0.38 
10.00 
2.0 
0.56 
5.26 
1.0 
0.31 
8.05 
0.7 
0.31 
8.93 
0.5 
0.24 
-2.78 
-0.1 
-0.05 
8.33 
1.0 
0.39 
11.11 
1.0 
0.44 
13.33 
2.0 
0.67 
-1.12 
-0.1 
-0.05 
2.20 
0.2 
0.09 
12.24 
1.2 
0.51 
6.45 
2.0 
0.41 
6.45 
2.0 
0.41 
10.00 
3.0 
0.63 
3.12 
1.0 
0.20 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
8.33 
1.0 
0.38 
6.25 
1.0 
0.34 
7.14 
2.0 
0.45 
9.09 
2.0 
0.53 
4.35 
1.0 
0.25 
10.00 
1.0 
0.42 
6.67 
1.0 
0.35 
3.03 
1.0 
0.20 
3.12 
1.0 
0.20 
-2.78 
-1.0 
-0.19 
2.86 
1.0 
0.19 
2.27 
1.0 
0.16 
-1.85 
-1.0 
-0.13 
0.00 
0.00 
0.0 
1.20  10.0  20.83 
3.92 
2.0 
0.26 
2.17 
1.0 
0.15 
10.34 
0.6 
0.29 
-8.33 
-1.0 
-0.42 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
3.16 
0.3 
0.13 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 
4.76 
1.0 
0.27 
0.00 
0.0 
0.00 

 
 Figure 61. PM2.5 HungaroMet_2940 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

134 

 
 
Table 60. PM2.5 IMROH_18/0063 Results 

IMROH_18/0063 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
18 
17 
8.6 
4.8 
1.9 
11 
9.2 
16 
9.7 
9.0 
10 
33 
34 
30 
33 
30 
13 
16 
29 
24 
25 
9.0 
14 
32 
32 
34 
34 
42 
55 
68 
49 
52 
47 
6.7 
12 
18 
11 
10 
18 
23 
22 

2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.9 
2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.1 
2.2 
2.4 
2.6 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
2.0 
2.0 
2.1 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 

0.00 
-0.91 
-0.91 
-0.05 
-0.37 
-0.78 
-0.46 
0.09 
0.46 
0.37 
-0.05 
0.09 
0.90 
1.36 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
0.45 
0.91 
0.91 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.85 
-0.45 
-0.89 
0.44 
0.41 
0.41 
0.42 
0.44 
0.41 
0.00 
-0.91 
0.46 
0.23 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 

135 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
-0.94 
-0.94 
-0.05 
-0.39 
-0.84 
-0.48 
0.10 
0.47 
0.38 
-0.05 
0.10 
0.84 
1.21 
0.00 
0.43 
0.00 
0.49 
0.00 
0.46 
0.92 
0.89 
-0.50 
-0.48 
-0.43 
0.00 
-0.77 
-0.43 
-0.81 
0.38 
0.34 
0.33 
0.36 
0.39 
0.43 
0.00 
-0.89 
0.48 
0.24 
0.47 
0.89 
0.46 

0.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-0.1 
-0.8 
-1.7 
-1.0 
0.2 
1.0 
0.8 
-0.1 
0.2 
2.0 
3.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.9 
0.0 
-2.0 
1.0 
0.5 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 

0.00 
-10.00 
-10.53 
-1.15 
-14.29 
-47.22 
-8.33 
2.22 
6.67 
8.99 
-1.10 
2.04 
6.45 
9.68 
0.00 
3.12 
0.00 
8.33 
0.00 
3.57 
9.09 
8.70 
-10.00 
-6.67 
-3.03 
0.00 
-5.56 
-2.86 
-4.55 
1.85 
1.49 
2.08 
1.96 
2.17 
15.52 
0.00 
-10.00 
10.00 
5.26 
5.88 
9.52 
4.76 

 
Figure 62. PM2.5 IMROH_18/0063 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

136 

 
 
Table 61. PM2.5 INERIS_M-CE-21625 Results 

INERIS_M-CE-21625 

PM2.5 data capture = 95 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
21 
19 
8.8 
5.5 
3.7 
12 
10 
16 
9.5 
11 
11 
35 

30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
30 
22 
25 
9.1 
16 
34 
34 
37 

46 
54 
70 
50 
56 
45 
5.2 
15 
22 
9.4 
12 
18 
23 
22 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.4 
4.4 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.4 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 

0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
0.05 
-0.05 
0.05 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.28 
0.87 
0.55 
1.81 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.91 
0.00 
0.91 
-0.41 
0.46 
0.45 
0.90 
0.43 

0.89 
0.00 
1.22 
0.81 
2.09 
-0.44 
-0.28 
1.38 
0.91 
-0.28 
1.15 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 

137 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.25 
0.25 
0.00 
0.02 
-0.02 
0.02 
0.00 
0.25 
0.25 
0.13 
0.47 
0.30 
0.96 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.49 
0.00 
0.48 
-0.20 
0.25 
0.24 
0.49 
0.23 

0.39 
0.00 
0.58 
0.37 
0.96 
-0.20 
-0.14 
0.74 
0.49 
-0.14 
0.62 
0.25 
0.48 
0.24 

1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.1 
-0.1 
0.1 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.6 
1.9 
1.2 
4.0 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
2.0 
0.0 
2.0 
-0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 

2.0 
0.0 
3.0 
2.0 
5.0 
-1.0 
-0.6 
3.0 
2.0 
-0.6 
2.5 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 

7.69 
5.00 
0.00 
1.15 
-1.79 
2.78 
0.00 
11.11 
6.67 
6.74 
20.88 
12.24 
12.90 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
7.14 
0.00 
8.70 
-9.00 
6.67 
3.03 
6.25 
2.78 

4.55 
0.00 
4.48 
4.17 
9.80 
-2.17 
-10.34 
25.00 
10.00 
-6.00 
26.32 
5.88 
9.52 
4.76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 63. PM2.5 INERIS_M-CE-21625 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

138 

 
 
Table 62. PM2.5 ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 Results 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

17 
24 
23 
12 
8 
6 
15 
12 
19 
12 
12 
13 
37 
37 
34 
37 
34 
15 
19 
34 
26 
28 
13 
20 
39 
39 
42 
44 
59 
69 
83 
62 
66 
58 
9 
19 
28 
15 
14 
26 
31 
25 

3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.5 
3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.6 
3.6 
3.7 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
4.0 
4.0 
4.2 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
3.5 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.6 
3.7 
3.6 

1.83 
1.83 
1.83 
1.52 
1.10 
1.10 
1.38 
1.38 
1.83 
1.42 
1.33 
1.47 
2.71 
2.71 
1.81 
2.26 
1.81 
1.38 
1.37 
2.72 
1.82 
2.28 
1.38 
2.29 
2.71 
3.16 
2.55 
4.05 
6.67 
6.57 
6.53 
5.67 
6.26 
5.32 
1.47 
3.21 
3.65 
2.30 
2.07 
4.12 
4.56 
1.83 

139 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

30.77 
4.0 
1.10 
20.00 
4.0 
1.09 
21.05 
4.0 
1.09 
37.93 
3.3 
0.91 
42.86 
2.4 
0.68 
66.67 
2.4 
0.68 
25.00 
3.0 
0.82 
33.33 
3.0 
0.83 
26.67 
4.0 
1.09 
34.83 
3.1 
0.85 
31.87 
2.9 
0.80 
32.65 
3.2 
0.88 
19.35 
6.0 
1.55 
19.35 
6.0 
1.53 
13.33 
4.0 
1.05 
15.62 
5.0 
1.30 
13.33 
4.0 
1.05 
25.00 
3.0 
0.83 
18.75 
3.0 
0.82 
21.43 
6.0 
1.58 
18.18 
4.0 
1.08 
21.74 
5.0 
1.33 
30.00 
3.0 
0.82 
33.33 
5.0 
1.37 
18.18 
6.0 
1.52 
21.88 
7.0 
1.78 
16.67 
6.0 
1.47 
25.71 
9.0 
2.29 
3.62  15.0  34.09 
3.60  15.0  27.78 
3.60  16.0  23.88 
3.14  14.0  29.17 
3.51  15.0  29.41 
2.89  12.0  26.09 
55.17 
3.2 
0.90 
58.33 
7.0 
1.91 
40.00 
8.0 
2.17 
50.00 
5.0 
1.37 
47.37 
4.5 
1.23 
2.45 
52.94 
9.0 
2.60  10.0  47.62 
19.05 
4.0 
1.08 

 
 Figure 64. PM2.5 ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

140 

 
 
Table 63. PM2.5 ISPRA_159A Results 

ISPRA_159A 

PM2.5 data capture = 98 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

11 
20 
19 
8.4 
5.7 
2.7 
11 
8.4 
14 
7.5 
8.9 
10 
30 
29 
27 
31 
29 
12 
15 
27 

22 
9.2 
14 
30 
34 
35 
35 
44 
53 
65 
48 
50 
44 
5.6 
12 
20 
10 
9.6 
16 
21 
19 

3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 

3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
3.7 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 

-0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.14 
0.05 
-0.41 
-0.46 
-0.28 
-0.46 
-0.64 
-0.09 
0.09 
-0.45 
-0.90 
-1.36 
-0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.45 

-0.46 
-0.37 
-0.46 
-1.35 
0.90 
-0.43 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.44 
-0.82 
0.00 
-0.42 
-0.89 
-0.09 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.91 

141 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.60 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.09 
0.03 
-0.27 
-0.30 
-0.18 
-0.30 
-0.42 
-0.06 
0.06 
-0.28 
-0.55 
-0.85 
-0.28 
-0.28 
0.00 
-0.30 
-0.28 

-0.29 
-0.24 
-0.30 
-0.85 
0.57 
-0.27 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.26 
-0.50 
0.00 
-0.26 
-0.55 
-0.06 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.03 
-0.30 
0.00 
-0.58 

-2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.3 
0.1 
-0.9 
-1.0 
-0.6 
-1.0 
-1.4 
-0.2 
0.2 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 

-1.0 
-0.8 
-1.0 
-3.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-0.2 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.1 
-1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 

-15.38 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.45 
1.79 
-25.00 
-8.33 
-6.67 
-6.67 
-15.73 
-2.20 
2.04 
-3.23 
-6.45 
-10.00 
-3.12 
-3.33 
0.00 
-6.25 
-3.57 

-4.35 
-8.00 
-6.67 
-9.09 
6.25 
-2.78 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.85 
-2.99 
0.00 
-1.96 
-4.35 
-3.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1.05 
-5.88 
0.00 
-9.52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 65. PM2.5 ISPRA_159A Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

142 

 
 
Table 64. PM2.5 ISSeP_L2 Results 

ISSeP_L2 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

14 
20 
19 
8.6 
5.7 
3.7 
12 
8.8 
16 
9.3 
9.2 
9.8 
32 
33 
30 
33 
31 
13 
16 
29 
22 
24 
10 
15 
34 
33 
36 
36 
45 
53 
67 
49 
52 
46 
5.7 
12 
20 
11 
10 
17 
22 
21 

2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.7 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.9 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
2.6 
2.6 
2.6 

0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.05 
0.05 
0.05 
0.00 
-0.09 
0.46 
0.18 
0.05 
0.00 
0.45 
0.90 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.46 
0.00 
0.45 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.44 
-0.44 
0.00 
0.41 
0.42 
0.00 
-0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.23 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 

143 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.38 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.04 
0.04 
0.04 
0.00 
-0.07 
0.37 
0.14 
0.04 
0.00 
0.35 
0.69 
0.00 
0.36 
0.36 
0.38 
0.00 
0.36 
0.00 
0.36 
0.00 
0.00 
0.36 
0.36 
0.00 
0.36 
0.35 
-0.34 
0.00 
0.30 
0.32 
0.00 
-0.04 
0.00 
0.00 
0.36 
0.18 
0.00 
0.36 
0.00 

1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.0 
-0.2 
1.0 
0.4 
0.1 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-0.1 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.5 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 

7.69 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.15 
1.79 
2.78 
0.00 
-2.22 
6.67 
4.49 
1.10 
0.00 
3.23 
6.45 
0.00 
3.12 
3.33 
8.33 
0.00 
3.57 
0.00 
4.35 
0.00 
0.00 
3.03 
3.12 
0.00 
2.86 
2.27 
-1.85 
0.00 
2.08 
1.96 
0.00 
-1.72 
0.00 
0.00 
10.00 
5.26 
0.00 
4.76 
0.00 

 
 Figure 66. PM2.5 ISSeP_L2 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

144 

 
 
Table 65. PM2.5 LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV Results 

LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
19 
18 
7.0 
3.0 
1.9 
9.9 
7.6 
14 
7.8 
7.5 
8.5 
31 
32 
29 
32 
30 
12 
15 
29 
22 
23 
9.4 
15 
32 
32 
35 
35 
44 
53 
66 
49 
51 
45 
6.0 
11 
19 
8.3 
9.0 
16 
21 
21 

1.8 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.3 
1.3 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.6 
1.5 
1.6 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.8 
1.9 
2.2 
1.8 
1.9 
1.8 
1.3 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 

0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.78 
-1.20 
-0.78 
-0.96 
-0.64 
-0.46 
-0.51 
-0.73 
-0.60 
0.00 
0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.28 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.43 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.44 
-0.41 
0.41 
0.00 
-0.44 
0.09 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.78 
-0.23 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 

145 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
-0.64 
-0.64 
-1.15 
-1.89 
-1.26 
-1.38 
-0.95 
-0.63 
-0.71 
-1.06 
-0.87 
0.00 
0.49 
-0.56 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.64 
0.57 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.39 
0.00 
-0.53 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.38 
0.37 
0.00 
-0.47 
0.14 
-0.64 
-0.62 
-1.12 
-0.33 
-0.63 
0.00 
0.00 

0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.7 
-2.6 
-1.7 
-2.1 
-1.4 
-1.0 
-1.1 
-1.6 
-1.3 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.6 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.2 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.7 
-0.5 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 

0.00 
-5.00 
-5.26 
-19.54 
-46.43 
-47.22 
-17.50 
-15.56 
-6.67 
-12.36 
-17.58 
-13.27 
0.00 
3.23 
-3.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-6.25 
3.57 
0.00 
0.00 
-6.00 
0.00 
-3.03 
0.00 
-2.78 
0.00 
0.00 
-1.85 
-1.49 
2.08 
0.00 
-2.17 
3.45 
-8.33 
-5.00 
-17.00 
-5.26 
-5.88 
0.00 
0.00 

 
 Figure 67. PM2.5 LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

146 

 
 
 
Table 66. PM2.5 NILU_11/0051 Results 

NILU_11/0051 

PM2.5 data capture = 81 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score  Score Type  En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

13 
20 
19 
8.3 
6.2 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
16 
8.7 
8.4 
9.5 

30 
28 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
11 
15 
31 
31 
33 
34 
43 

5.4 
13 
19 
10 
9.1 
17 
21 
20 

3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 

3.8 
3.8 
3.7 
3.7 
3.8 
3.8 
3.8 
3.7 
3.7 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
3.9 
4.0 

3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 
3.7 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.18 
0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
-0.09 
-0.32 
-0.14 

-0.90 
-0.91 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.90 
-0.45 
-1.28 
-0.45 
-0.44 

-0.18 
0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.18 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.46 

147 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.11 
0.16 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.26 
-0.05 
-0.19 
-0.08 

-0.51 
-0.51 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.27 
0.00 
-0.50 
-0.25 
-0.72 
-0.25 
-0.24 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.4 
0.6 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-0.2 
-0.7 
-0.3 

-2.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.60 
10.71 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
6.67 
-2.25 
-7.69 
-3.06 

-6.25 
-6.67 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
10.00 
0.00 
-6.06 
-3.12 
-8.33 
-2.86 
-2.27 

-0.11 
0.27 
-0.26 
0.00 
-0.11 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.26 

-0.4 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.4 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 

-6.90 
8.33 
-5.00 
0.00 
-4.21 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 68. . PM2.5 NILU_11/0051 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

148 

 
 
 
Table 67. PM2.5 SHI_10/0071 Results 

SHI_10/0071 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

11 
18 
17 
7.5 
4.5 
3.1 
10 
8.0 
14 
7.6 
8.1 
8.6 
28 
29 
27 
30 
27 
11 
14 
26 
19 
21 
9.2 
13 
30 
30 
33 
34 
44 
53 
66 
46 
50 
44 
4.7 
11 
17 
8.5 
8.6 
15 
19 
19 

3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.4 
3.4 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
3.7 
4.0 
3.6 
3.7 
3.6 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 
3.3 

-0.92 
-0.91 
-0.91 
-0.55 
-0.51 
-0.23 
-0.92 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.60 
-0.46 
-0.55 
-1.36 
-0.90 
-1.36 
-0.90 
-1.36 
-0.46 
-0.92 
-0.91 
-1.37 
-0.91 
-0.37 
-0.92 
-1.35 
-0.90 
-1.28 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.44 
-0.41 
-0.81 
-0.42 
-0.89 
-0.51 
-0.46 
-1.37 
-0.69 
-0.41 
-0.92 
-0.91 
-0.91 

149 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.60 
-0.59 
-0.59 
-0.36 
-0.33 
-0.15 
-0.60 
-0.30 
-0.30 
-0.39 
-0.30 
-0.36 
-0.84 
-0.55 
-0.85 
-0.56 
-0.85 
-0.30 
-0.59 
-0.57 
-0.88 
-0.58 
-0.24 
-0.60 
-0.85 
-0.57 
-0.81 
-0.27 
0.00 
-0.26 
-0.24 
-0.49 
-0.25 
-0.53 
-0.33 
-0.30 
-0.88 
-0.45 
-0.27 
-0.59 
-0.58 
-0.58 

-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.2 
-1.1 
-0.5 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-1.3 
-1.0 
-1.2 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-0.8 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-2.0 
-3.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.1 
-1.0 
-3.0 
-1.5 
-0.9 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 

-15.38 
-10.00 
-10.53 
-13.79 
-19.64 
-13.89 
-16.67 
-11.11 
-6.67 
-14.61 
-10.99 
-12.24 
-9.68 
-6.45 
-10.00 
-6.25 
-10.00 
-8.33 
-12.50 
-7.14 
-13.64 
-8.70 
-8.00 
-13.33 
-9.09 
-6.25 
-8.33 
-2.86 
0.00 
-1.85 
-1.49 
-4.17 
-1.96 
-4.35 
-18.97 
-8.33 
-15.00 
-15.00 
-9.47 
-11.76 
-9.52 
-9.52 

 
 Figure 69. PM2.5 SHI_10/0071 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

150 

 
 
Table 68. PM2.5 VMM_26II01002 Results 

VMM_26II01002 

PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 

xpt 

xlab 

Ulab 

z or z'score 

Score Type 

En 

D 

D% 

2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

12 
20 
19 
8.3 
5.4 
3.8 
11 
8.6 
15 
9.1 
8.9 
9.5 
31 
31 
30 
33 
29 
12 
15 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
33 
40 
36 
45 
53 
65 
46 
50 
46 
6.4 
12 
21 
11 
10 
18 
21 
21 

0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
0.9 
0.9 
0.9 
0.9 
0.9 
1.0 
0.9 
0.9 
0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.1 
1.0 
1.1 
1.2 
1.3 
1.1 
1.1 
1.1 
0.9 
0.9 
1.0 
0.9 
0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.18 
-0.09 
0.09 
-0.46 
-0.18 
0.00 
0.09 
-0.09 
-0.14 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
1.70 
0.45 
0.44 
-0.44 
-0.82 
-0.81 
-0.42 
0.00 
0.28 
0.00 
0.46 
0.46 
0.23 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 

151 

z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

-0.96 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.40 
-0.20 
0.20 
-0.92 
-0.40 
0.00 
0.18 
-0.19 
-0.29 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.71 
-0.72 
0.00 
-0.83 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.71 
2.13 
0.70 
0.64 
-0.60 
-1.03 
-0.88 
-0.53 
0.00 
0.57 
0.00 
0.78 
0.92 
0.47 
0.80 
0.00 
0.00 

-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.4 
-0.2 
0.2 
-1.0 
-0.4 
0.0 
0.2 
-0.2 
-0.3 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
4.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.6 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.5 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 

-7.69 
0.00 
0.00 
-4.60 
-3.57 
5.56 
-8.33 
-4.44 
0.00 
2.25 
-2.20 
-3.06 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.12 
-3.33 
0.00 
-6.25 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.12 
11.11 
2.86 
2.27 
-1.85 
-2.99 
-4.17 
-1.96 
0.00 
10.34 
0.00 
5.00 
10.00 
5.26 
5.88 
0.00 
0.00 

 
Figure 70. PM2.5 VMM_26II01002 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

152 

 
 
ANNEX 2: Reproducibility of the EN method 
Outliers 
The reproducibility assessment of the gravimetric method [2] for PM10 determination was conducted using 
intercomparison data organized by ERLAP (European Reference Laboratory for Air Pollution). According to 
ISO  5725-2  [5],  measurement  results  obtained  in  an  interlaboratory  experiment  are  checked  to  avoid 
outliers before evaluating the reproducibility of the method by application of the Grubbs test. Grubbs test 
require a normal distribution of the data. The daily qq-plots show data are not distributed normally because 
of outlier’s presence. A Mandel h test is used after Grubbs test, revealing most strict. A Grubbs’ bilateral test 
was  applied  to identify  and  remove  statistical  outliers  at  a  significance  level  of  α  =  0.01.  The  test  was 
performed  iteratively  on  each  measurement  row,  checking  for  extreme  values  (either  maximum  or 
minimum) that significantly deviated from the expected distribution. Outliers were replaced with NA to avoid 
bias in subsequent reproducibility calculations. A summary table (Table 69) present the removed outliers. 

Table 69. Outliers removed from PM10 data 

Outliers removed count 

Laboratory 

Outliers 
removed 

EEA_SQ111A720220138 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 

2 
7 

Source: JRC 2025 

Figure 71. PM10 Laboratories data with and without outliers 

Source: JRC 2025 

153 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 70. Outliers Removed from PM2.5 Data 

Outliers Removed Count 

Laboratory 

Outliers Removed 

CETI_23/0068 
CHMI_19/0156 
EPA_19/0174 A0111 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 

Source: JRC 2025 

2 
2 
1 
5 

Figure 72. PM2.5 Laboratories data with and without outliers  

Source: JRC 2025 

154 

 
 
 
 
 
Critical Value Calculation for Mandel h 

The critical value ℎ𝑛 for Mandel h is calculated using the following formula (ISO 5725-2 [5]): 

        Equation 12 

(𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 𝑡𝑛−2;1−𝛼/2

ℎ𝑛 =

√𝑛(𝑛 − 2 + 𝑡𝑛−2;1−𝛼/2

2

)

Where: 

-  𝑛 is the number of laboratories, 
- 
-  𝛼 is the significance level. For 𝛼 = 0.05 (95% confidence level) 

𝑡𝑛−2;1−𝛼/2 is the quantile of the t-distribution with 𝜈 = 𝑛 − 2 degrees of freedom, 

Given: - 𝑛 = 27 - Degrees of freedom 𝜈 = 25 - 𝑡25;0.975 ≈ 2.060 

The critical value is: 

Equation 13 

ℎ0.05 =

26 ⋅ 2.060

√27(25 + 2.0602)

≈ 1.906  

For 𝛼 = 0.01 (99% confidence level) 

Given: - 𝑛 = 27 - Degrees of freedom 𝜈 = 25 - 𝑡25;0.995 ≈ 2.787 

The critical value is: 

Equation 14 

ℎ0.01 =

26 ⋅ 2.787

√27(25 + 2.7872)

≈ 2.436  

These values can be used as solid reference lines in Mandel h plots to identify statistically significant 
deviations.  

Table 71. PM10 and PM2.5 outliers - Mandel'h statistic 

PM10 Outliers Summary 

PM2.5 Outliers Summary 

Laboratory Code 
ISCIII_ZM-MT-25 
HungaroMet_1775 
AEV_24-146 
CETI_16/0085 
EPA_19/0173 A0110 
EERC_Nr. 1548 
CHMI_19/0061 
EAA_061 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
GIOS_1 
INERIS_M-CE-21620 
SHI_19/0056 

Threshold: |h| > 2.436 

Source: JRC 2025 

Number of Outliers 
24 
10 
6 
6 
3 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Laboratory Code 

Number of Outliers 

ISCIII_ZM-MT-26 
CHMI_19/0156 
AEV_24-147 
EEA_SQ111A720220138 
CETI_23/0068 
EPA_19/0174 A0111 
GIOS_2 
HungaroMet_2940 
LANUV_SEQ_25 LANUV 

Threshold: |h| > 2.436 

28 
19 
7 
7 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 

155 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 73. Mandel h evaluation for PM10 and PM2.5 

Source: JRC 2025 

156 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reproducibility estimation 

The Annex has the aim to do a numerical estimation of the precision of gravimetric measurement method 
by means of collaborative interlaboratory experiment. Reproducibility Analysis of EN 12341 [2] method for 
PM10  and  PM2.5  The  reproducibility  of  the  EN  12341  [2]  gravimetric  method  was  evaluated  using 
interlaboratory  comparison  data  organised  by  ERLAP  (European  Reference  Laboratory  for  Air  Pollution) 
following the ISO 5725-2 [5]. After removing outliers (Grubbs’ test, α = 0.01 and Mandel h, α = 0.01), we 
assessed the daily reproducibility (Rrep) of the reference method is calculated as: 

Equation 15 

𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑝 (%) = (

𝜎𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦
𝜇𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦

) ×  100 

Where:   
𝜎𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 = Daily standard deviation of PM₁₀ measurements across instruments: 
𝜇𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 = Daily mean concentration of PM₁₀ (robust mean after data cleaning). 

Figure 74. Reproducibility evaluation 

Source: JRC 2025 

The hyperbolic model better captures the asymptotic behaviour at high concentrations compared to linear 
approaches. Both PM10 and PM2.5 meet the European data quality objective, also with the new daily limit 
values. 

157 

 
ANNEX 3: Results Automatic Measurement System  

Figure 75. PM10 z or z’ scores results 

Source: JRC 2025 

158 

 
  
    
 
 
 
 
Table 72. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E : PM10 Results 

CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E 
PM10 data capture = 100 

Day 
2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

xpt 
15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

xlab 
15 
22 
21 
9.1 
5.8 
4.2 
13 
10 
17 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
35 
36 
33 
14 
20 
35 
26 
28 
13 
18 
36 
40 
42 
44 
52 
61 
76 
56 
61 
48 
7.7 
17 
24 
11 
12 
22 
28 
30 

Score Type 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

D 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-0.5 
-0.5 
-0.4 
-2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
3.0 
2.0 
4.0 
-2.0 
0.6 
2.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 

D% 
0.00 
-4.35 
-4.55 
-5.21 
-7.94 
-8.70 
-13.33 
0.00 
-5.56 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
2.94 
-2.70 
3.12 
7.69 
11.11 
9.38 
0.00 
3.70 
8.33 
0.00 
-2.70 
0.00 
-2.33 
0.00 
-1.89 
0.00 
4.11 
3.70 
7.02 
-4.00 
8.45 
13.33 
0.00 
-8.33 
9.09 
4.76 
7.69 
11.11 

z or z'score 
0.00 
-0.46 
-0.46 
-0.23 
-0.23 
-0.18 
-0.92 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
-0.45 
0.45 
0.46 
0.91 
1.30 
0.00 
0.45 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
-0.42 
0.00 
1.15 
0.82 
1.60 
-0.83 
0.28 
0.92 
0.00 
-0.46 
0.46 
0.46 
0.91 
1.36 

159 

 
 
 
 
 Figure 76. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

160 

 
 
 
Table 73. GIOS_BAM 1020: PM10 Results 

GIOS_BAM 1020 
PM10 data capture = 100 
xlab 
16 
25 
21 
12 
7.6 
6.8 
17 
11 
20 
11 
11 
13 
36 
35 
34 
38 
33 
15 
18 
32 
25 
26 
15 
20 
37 
40 
42 
43 
51 
60 
73 
52 
55 
49 
8.1 
17 
23 
14 
12 
21 
28 
29 

z or z'score 
0.46 
0.91 
-0.46 
1.10 
0.60 
1.01 
0.92 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
-0.45 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.45 
1.38 
0.91 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.45 
-0.44 
-0.83 
-0.41 
0.00 
-0.82 
-0.80 
-0.42 
0.46 
0.92 
-0.46 
0.92 
0.46 
0.00 
0.91 
0.91 

Score Type 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

D 
1.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
2.4 
1.3 
2.2 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
3.0 
2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1.0 
-1.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-2.0 
-2.0 
-1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
-1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
0.0 
2.0 
2.0 

D% 
6.67 
8.70 
-4.55 
25.00 
20.63 
47.83 
13.33 
10.00 
11.11 
10.00 
0.00 
8.33 
0.00 
-2.78 
0.00 
2.70 
3.12 
15.38 
0.00 
0.00 
-3.85 
-3.70 
25.00 
11.11 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.33 
-2.27 
-3.77 
-1.64 
0.00 
-3.70 
-3.51 
-2.00 
14.08 
13.33 
-4.17 
16.67 
9.09 
0.00 
7.69 
7.41 

xpt 
15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

Day 
2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

161 

 
 Figure 77. GIOS_BAM 1020: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

162 

 
 
 
 
Table 74. ISSeP GRIMM EDM 180: PM10 Results 

ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180 
PM10 data capture = 100 

Score Type 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

D 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
-0.6 
-1.3 
-1.6 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
4.0 
6.0 
2.0 
5.0 
9.0 
5.0 
7.0 
3.0 
1.0 
3.0 
4.0 
3.0 
5.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
11.0 
9.0 
-1.0 
-0.1 
4.0 
2.0 
-2.0 
2.0 
5.0 
4.0 
5.0 

D% 
20.00 
13.04 
13.64 
-6.25 
-20.63 
-34.78 
0.00 
10.00 
11.11 
10.00 
9.09 
0.00 
13.89 
13.89 
14.71 
10.81 
18.75 
15.38 
27.78 
28.12 
19.23 
25.93 
25.00 
5.56 
8.11 
10.00 
6.98 
11.36 
5.66 
4.92 
4.11 
20.37 
15.79 
-2.00 
-1.41 
26.67 
8.33 
-16.67 
18.18 
23.81 
15.38 
18.52 

Day 
2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

xpt 
15 
23 
22 
9.6 
6.3 
4.6 
15 
10 
18 
10 
11 
12 
36 
36 
34 
37 
32 
13 
18 
32 
26 
27 
12 
18 
37 
40 
43 
44 
53 
61 
73 
54 
57 
50 
7.1 
15 
24 
12 
11 
21 
26 
27 

xlab 
18 
26 
25 
9 
5 
3 
15 
11 
20 
11 
12 
12 
41 
41 
39 
41 
38 
15 
23 
41 
31 
34 
15 
19 
40 
44 
46 
49 
56 
64 
76 
65 
66 
49 
7 
19 
26 
10 
13 
26 
30 
32 

z or z'score 
1.37 
1.37 
1.37 
-0.28 
-0.60 
-0.74 
0.00 
0.46 
0.91 
0.46 
0.46 
0.00 
2.25 
2.25 
2.25 
1.80 
2.71 
0.92 
2.29 
3.89 
2.27 
3.18 
1.38 
0.46 
1.35 
1.79 
1.34 
2.22 
1.25 
1.23 
1.15 
4.51 
3.60 
-0.42 
-0.05 
1.83 
0.91 
-0.92 
0.92 
2.28 
1.82 
2.27 

163 

 
Figure 78. ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180: PM10 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

164 

 
 
 
Table 75. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E: PM2.5 Results 

CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E 
PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 
2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 
Source: JRC 2025 

xpt 
13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

xlab 
14 
19 
19 
8.1 
5.0 
3.2 
11 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.6 
32 
33 
31 
33 
32 
12 
17 
31 
24 
26 
11 
16 
34 
34 
37 
37 
47 
55 
73 
54 
57 
46 
6.0 
14 
20 
9.2 
11 
18 
23 
23 

Score Type 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

D 
1.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.6 
-0.6 
-0.4 
-1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
-0.2 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
0.0 
1.0 
3.0 
2.0 
3.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
1.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
0.0 
0.2 
2.0 
0.0 
-0.8 
1.5 
1.0 
2.0 
2.0 

D% 
7.69 
-5.00 
0.00 
-6.90 
-10.71 
-11.11 
-8.33 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-2.04 
3.23 
6.45 
3.33 
3.12 
6.67 
0.00 
6.25 
10.71 
9.09 
13.04 
10.00 
6.67 
3.03 
6.25 
2.78 
5.71 
6.82 
1.85 
8.96 
12.50 
11.76 
0.00 
3.45 
16.67 
0.00 
-8.00 
15.79 
5.88 
9.52 
9.52 

z or z'score 
0.46 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.28 
-0.28 
-0.18 
-0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
-0.09 
0.45 
0.90 
0.45 
0.45 
0.91 
0.00 
0.46 
1.36 
0.91 
1.37 
0.46 
0.46 
0.45 
0.90 
0.43 
0.90 
1.33 
0.44 
2.45 
2.43 
2.50 
0.00 
0.09 
0.92 
0.00 
-0.37 
0.69 
0.46 
0.91 
0.91 

165 

 
Figure 79. CHMI_PALAS Fidas 200/200 E: PM2.5 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

166 

 
 
 
 
Table 76. ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180: PM2.5 Results 

ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180 
PM2.5 data capture = 100 

Day 
2025-01-23 
2025-01-24 
2025-01-25 
2025-01-26 
2025-01-27 
2025-01-28 
2025-01-29 
2025-01-30 
2025-01-31 
2025-02-01 
2025-02-02 
2025-02-03 
2025-02-04 
2025-02-05 
2025-02-06 
2025-02-07 
2025-02-08 
2025-02-09 
2025-02-10 
2025-02-11 
2025-02-12 
2025-02-13 
2025-02-14 
2025-02-15 
2025-02-16 
2025-02-17 
2025-02-18 
2025-02-19 
2025-02-20 
2025-02-21 
2025-02-22 
2025-02-23 
2025-02-24 
2025-02-25 
2025-02-26 
2025-02-27 
2025-02-28 
2025-03-01 
2025-03-02 
2025-03-03 
2025-03-04 
2025-03-05 

Source: JRC 2025 

xpt 
13 
20 
19 
8.7 
5.6 
3.6 
12 
9.0 
15 
8.9 
9.1 
9.8 
31 
31 
30 
32 
30 
12 
16 
28 
22 
23 
10 
15 
33 
32 
36 
35 
44 
54 
67 
48 
51 
46 
5.8 
12 
20 
10 
9.5 
17 
21 
21 

xlab 
14 
20 
20 
6 
3 
0 
10 
8 
15 
8 
8 
8 
33 
34 
30 
33 
33 
12 
18 
32 
24 
26 
10 
15 
34 
33 
35 
37 
45 
52 
67 
53 
55 
43 
4 
13 
20 
7 
10 
18 
21 
21 

Score Type 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z’ score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 
z score 

D 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
-2.7 
-2.6 
-3.6 
-2.0 
-1.0 
0.0 
-0.9 
-1.1 
-1.8 
2.0 
3.0 
0.0 
1.0 
3.0 
0.0 
2.0 
4.0 
2.0 
3.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
-1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
-2.0 
0.0 
5.0 
4.0 
-3.0 
-1.8 
1.0 
0.0 
-3.0 
0.5 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 

D% 
7.69 
0.00 
5.26 
-31.03 
-46.43 
-100.0 
-16.67 
-11.11 
0.00 
-10.11 
-12.09 
-18.37 
6.45 
9.68 
0.00 
3.12 
10.00 
0.00 
12.50 
14.29 
9.09 
13.04 
0.00 
0.00 
3.03 
3.12 
-2.78 
5.71 
2.27 
-3.70 
0.00 
10.42 
7.84 
-6.52 
-31.03 
8.33 
0.00 
-30.00 
5.26 
5.88 
0.00 
0.00 

z or z'score 
0.46 
0.00 
0.46 
-1.24 
-1.20 
-1.66 
-0.92 
-0.46 
0.00 
-0.41 
-0.51 
-0.83 
0.90 
1.36 
0.00 
0.45 
1.36 
0.00 
0.92 
1.81 
0.91 
1.37 
0.00 
0.00 
0.45 
0.45 
-0.43 
0.90 
0.44 
-0.88 
0.00 
2.03 
1.67 
-1.33 
-0.83 
0.46 
0.00 
-1.38 
0.23 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 

167 

 
Figure 80. ISSeP_GRIMM EDM 180: PM2.5 Results 

Source: JRC 2025 

168 

 
 
 
 
ANNEX 4: Comments from participants 

CETI: due to inexperience in uploading a data to DAP, exported two times the same CSV (pm10.CSV) as PM 
10 and PM2,5 results, so the evaluation of CETI PM2,5 results is not valid. 

VMM: Due to an error in the supplied PM2.5-csv, the combined uncertainty values (Uc) are used for the 
Ulab-values in table 68 instead of the expanded uncertainty values (Ue). Consequently, the reported Ulab-
values are too low (factor 2), which results in too high En-scores. 
This error was only discovered late in the reporting process which made it impossible to correct all the tables 
and graphs. 
The En-scores in figure 16, figure 70, table 16 and table 68 are therefore not correct and too high. Figure 
10 shows the Ue instead of the Uc. 
Instead of 2 En-scores >|1|, the correct Ulab-values would have led to only 1 En-score that is unsatisfactory. 
The reported PM2.5-values were correct and these show good comparability with the assigned values. 

FMI: General observation: in average, FMI reported lower concentrations than the assigned values in both 
size fractions. This might imply that there is an issue with the flow calibration. We need to check this and 
potentially increase its uncertainty in the future. 
We had several samples in both size fractions that were clogged during the sampling duration. This is due 
to the fact  that the filter material  we use (PTFE)  is more prone to get clogged when there are high PM 
concentrations and it is humid. In Finland, we never face this issue, but it is repeatedly experienced during 
the PM ILC in Ispra. In case of PM10, there were 9 clogged filters, of which we even so reported 5 samples, 
and in case of PM2.5, there were 5 clogged filters, of which we reported 2 samples. For these clogged but 
reported samples, we estimated the concentration based on the sampled mass and the sampling duration. 
Also, the uncertainty  was increased for these samples. However, we have obviously underestimated the 
concentrations and uncertainties for some of these samples. In future, we need to discard all the results of 
the clogged filters. 
In the case of PM10, all the reported samples passed the z-analysis, but 8 samples did not pass the En-
analysis. This implies that our uncertainty budget might be too optimistic. We need to investigate this care-
fully. At least, the uncertainty contributions of the effects concerning flow require attention. 
In the case of PM2.5, we have two questionable results in z-analysis and the same two samples with two 
additional samples failed in En-analysis. These are most probably due to underestimating the concentra-
tions for clogged filters as well as too optimistic uncertainty budget. 
FMI has now started to review its PM method and investigate the potential causes for the erroneous results 
as well as to evaluate the uncertainty budget of the PM method. 

EEA: According evaluation criteria (AQUILA №37): satisfactory results of z or z’ score evaluation for PM10 
and PM2,5 shall be more than 80% of satisfactory results (z or z’ score ≤ 2) for each parameter and data 
coverage more than 90%. 
The results of the laboratory:  code SQ111A720220138 
Data coverage 100%; 
Satisfactory result for PM10: 90.5%; 
Satisfactory result for PM2.5: 81.0%. 
ISCIII: We would like to inform you that our particle concentration values showed adequate data during the 
first few days. However, after the first filter change, we noticed that something interfered with the operation 
of both devices.  
We are not sure whether it would have been more appropriate not to submit data from our laboratory in 
these circumstances. If you believe it is best not to do so and we still have time, please let us know. Looking 
ahead to future occasions, experience tell us that it would be more appropriate to avoid having to manipu-
late the equipment during the sampling process. Therefore, we would prepare as much filters as the sampler 
loader capacity to be installed from day one in order to minimise possible interference. Additionally, perhaps 
we would have to make the effort to make personally the required filters changes. 

169 

 
 
 
 
 
 
CHMI: we collected information and we had an investigation and these are the findings: 
-        There was no wrong settings in both our samplers (no differences in temperature and pressure sensors 
and in case of flow -0,1 % before sampling and also after the campaign). 
-        There was no problem during sampling. 
-        There was no problem during transport. 
-        There was no filter exchange during lab work. 
-        The work of balance systems (2x Derenda AWS-1 with Sartorius WZA26-NC and 1x Mettler-Toledo 
MX5/A) was without any problem (with unsampled nor sampled filters). 
-        There was no problem with concentration calculations. 
BUT 
-        The could be a problem in PM10 first unsatisfied filter (2025/02/11) joined to several days high 
humidity. 
-        There WAS a problem in PM2.5 during uploading of our results (I sent the PM10 values in PM2.5 too 
– it is known yet). 
-        There WAS a problem of blank values – after sampling they are more heavy they should be. 
-        The two branch offices farther from Brno city, from where the filters were distributed, had WORSE 
results than Brno itself (even in field blanks). 
So the most probably reason of our difference are the filters and their behaviour with water/humidity – they 
were not fully stabilized prior to use (even the unsampled 2 weighing were OK). At this time, we are unable 
to say more, but my colleagues will try to investigate more later. 

EPA: The EPA Ireland notes the return of three (3) questionable results for the PM10 measurements, and 
one (1) unsatisfactory and one (1) questionable results for the PM2.5 measurements. Following review of 
the filters it has been concluded that for the PM2.5 unsatisfactory result there may have been an error with 
the initial filter weighing. The same conclusion has been reached for the PM2.5 questionable result. 

END OF REPORT  

170 

 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
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