Market surveillance : receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use : final report : JACOP 2024.
Date: 2025-07-11
Institutions: Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
Subjects: EC conformity marking, EU Member State, European standard, chemical product, consumer protection, market supervision, packaging product, plasticiser, product safety, risk management, safety standard, technical standard, testing

Market Surveillance

Receptacles  
(refillable cylinders)  
for domestic use    
Final Report

JACOP 2024

Table of contents

List of abbreviations 

Part 1

Objectives of the activity 

Results and conclusions 

Key recommendations 

Overview of the activity 

Participating MSAs 

Product scope 

Testing criteria 

Sampling and testing 

Overview of sampled products and sampling channels 

Testing process 

Test results 

Overview of the test results and main findings 

Results per product test clause 

Risk assessment and measures 

Risk assessment and measures 

Conclusions and recommendations 

Conclusions 

Recommendations to stakeholders 

2

4

6

6

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11

12

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Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportPart 2

JACOP 2024 includes 16 product-specific activities 
covering 9 sectors 

Roles and responsibilities 

Work plan and timeline 

Tools and processes 

Tools 

Channels 

15

16

17

18

19

19

3

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportList of abbreviations

ADR 

  European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road

DG GROW 

  Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

EC 

EU 

  European Commission

  European Union

EISMEA 

  European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency

ICSMS 

Information and Communication System for Market Surveillance

CLP 

  Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation

TPED 

  Transportable Pressure Equipment Directive

JACOP 

  Joint Actions on Compliance of Products

LPG 

MSA 

PSA 

  Liquefied petroleum gas

  Market surveillance authority

  Product-specific activity

4

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final Report 
Part 1 

Executive 
summary

Objectives of the activity

This activity focused on receptacles (refillable 
cylinders) for domestic use, particularly on 
receptacles made from welded steel and 
containing LPG and receptacles made from 
composite material containing LPG. These were 

Results and conclusions

This JACOP 2024 tested 16 steel and 3 composite 
receptacles. Out of 16 steel receptacles tested, 
44 % failed at least one test (7 samples). Of 
the 3 composite receptacles tested, one sample 
did not pass a test. The main issues identified 
involved the cylinders’ external and internal 
condition, as well as valve integrity.

The testing of 19 samples according to EN 
1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 and EN ISO 
11623:2015 yielded the following outcomes:

Key recommendations

identified by the MSAs as a priority for a targeted 
safety investigation. The testing was conducted 
per EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 (steel) 
and EN ISO 11623:2015 (composite).

 🔘 For EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020, 

7 samples failed the visual inspection (5.2) 
and internal condition of the cylinder (5.4) and 
hydraulic proof pressure test (5.3.2) due to 
issues such as dents and cracks in the foot ring, 
along with deep notches and dents. There was 
corrosion along the joint between the foot ring 
and the bottle and noticeable corrosion and 
surface appearance changes, and corrosion 
on the inside of the receptacles;

 🔘 For EN ISO 11623:2015, all samples passed, 

except for one, which failed the valve 
inspection (11) due to corrosion.

For consumers

For economic 
operators

For standardisation 
organisations

For authorities

Provide clear instructions, 
ensure cylinders are 
certified and inspect 
for damage before 
distribution to maintain 
safety standards.

Define rust limits, wall 
thickness and drying 
procedures. Clarify 
inspection methods for 
consistency and safety.

Conduct regular 
inspections, enforce 
certifications and ensure 
compliance, especially for 
cross-border products.

Read instructions carefully, 
buy certified receptacles 
from authorised suppliers, 
and check expiration dates. 
Use receptacles upright 
and stable, avoid damaged 
ones, and return if 
necessary. In case of leaks 
or gas smell, move them 
outdoors and seek help.

6

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportOverview of the activity

Participating MSAs

A total of 5 MSAs from 4 EU Member States participated in the receptacles (refillable cylinders) for 
domestic use PSA. Table 1 provides an overview of the participating MSAs. 

 🔘 Composite Receptacles are made entirely 

of glass fibre-reinforced composite material, 
featuring a closure mechanism on top and 
available in sizes ranging from 5 kg to 11 kg. 
Their lightweight design makes them ideal for 
household use, garden barbecues and camping. 
They must comply with EN 14427:2022, 
which outlines precise design and construction 
requirements and destructive testing 
procedures for approval.

Product scope

This PSA aligns with the TPED Directive (2010/35/
EC), specifically Chapter 1, Article 2(1)(b), which 
defines transportable pressure equipment as 
including gas cartridges (UN No. 2037) but 
excluding aerosols (UN No. 1950), open cryogenic 
receptacles, gas cylinders for breathing apparatus 
and fire extinguishers (UN No. 1044). The scope 
of this market surveillance project focuses 
on receptacles for domestic use, particularly 
on receptacles made from welded steel and 
composite material containing LPG.

 🔘 Steel Receptacles are made entirely of steel 
and come in sizes ranging from 5 kg to 33 kg. 
They can be welded or brazed, but always 
include a closure mechanism for safety. Their 
construction must follow an approved design 
and comply with EN 1442:2017, which governs 
the design, construction, non-destructive 
testing and periodic inspection of transportable 
refillable welded steel cylinders for LPG;

7

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportTesting criteria

Depending on the type of the receptacle, the testing process adhered to the requirements outlined in EN 
ISO 11623:2015 and EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 based on the following key criteria:

Testing plan

Key testing criteria 

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 – Safety requirements 
for periodic inspection of steel gas receptacles.

 🔘 5.2 External visual inspection etc. and recording of results

 🔘 5.3.2 Hydraulic proof pressure test

 🔘 5.3.3 Pneumatic proof and leak test

 🔘 5.4 Check of the internal condition of the cylinder

 🔘 5.5 Inspection of cylinder threads

 🔘 5.6 Inspection of valves

 🔘 6. Final operation including Tare mass

EN ISO 11623:2015 – Inspection and testing guidelines for 
composite gas receptacles.

 🔘 7.  External visual inspection, searching for various 

damages and improper repairs. Recording of all results. 

 🔘 8.  Internal visual inspection, including removing the valve 

and recording possible damages.

 🔘 9. Pressure test

 🔘 10. Leak test

 🔘 11. Inspection of valve

 🔘 12. 8 Records of all information about the chosen receptacles

Sampling and testing

The participating MSAs collected samples between May and August 2024. Testing was conducted from 
July 2024 to January 2025. The laboratory meeting took place from 11–12 December 2024.

Overview of sampled products and sampling channels

The sampling was carried out based on a pre-
selection by each of the MSAs, in line with 
the particularities of each market. The total 
number of samples was eventually adjusted to 
accommodate the capacity of each MSA and the 
availability of the products on their markets. The 
MSAs decided how to allocate the total number 
of samples they identified across the two product 

categories and whether to sample products 
from all categories or only specific ones. All 
samples were purchased in physical stores.

A total of 23 samples was collected and 
19 were tested. The table below illustrates the 
number of samples collected by each MSA.

8

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportTable 1. Participating MSAs and number of samples collected

Country

Market Surveillance  
Authority 

Receptacles made of 
welded steel

Receptacles made 
of composite 
material

Ireland

Health and Safety Authority

Latvia

Malta

Spain (Asturias)

Spain (Madrid)

Consumer Rights Protection 
Centre (CRPC)

Malta Competition and 
Consumer Affairs Authority 
- MCCAA

Vice-Ministry of Industry 
and Just Transition of the 
Principality of Asturias - 
Viceconsejeria de Industria 
y Transicion Justa del 
Principado de Asturias

Directory of Economic 
and Industrial Promotion, 
Community of Madrid

3

3

7

2

4

1

2

1

0

0

The Irish MSA was unable to send the samples to the laboratory for testing as a suitable ADR complaint 
courier could not be found. However, this MSA conducted the external visual inspection in accordance 
with the relevant regulations and recorded the results.

Testing process

Steel receptacles: Samples underwent visual 
inspection, weighing, emptying, and valve removal. 
Endoscopic checks identified internal corrosion, 
while ultrasonic tests measured wall thickness. 
Threads and valves were examined for damage 
or fire exposure. The receptacles were filled with 
water, pressurised to 30 bars and leak-tested 
using air pressure and a water bath.

Composite Receptacles: Samples were visually 
inspected and labels and  documentation were 
examined. They were weighed, emptied and the 
valves removed. Endoscopic checks detected 
internal defects, while threads and valves were 
assessed for damage or corrosion. Bottles were 
water-filled, pressurised to 30 bars and tested for 
leaks using air pressure (20 bars) and a water bath.

9

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportKey challenges

This PSA faced challenges with both testing 
and transportation. Regarding the testing, 
key challenges included sourcing compatible 
connectors for various valve types from different 
European manufacturers and conducting precise 
internal inspections without damaging the 

Test results

samples. Shipping hazardous samples required 
strict ADR compliance, expert documentation, 
certified packaging and accurate labelling. 
Collaboration with MSAs and proactive 
coordination ensured safe and efficient transport.

Overview of the test results and main findings

A total of 11 of the 19 samples tested by the laboratory met all the requirements defined in the final 
testing plan, as shown in the chart below. The remaining 8 samples did not meet at least one of the 
requirements, either in EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 or in EN ISO 11623:2015.

Figure 1. Overall test results (n=19)

8

Did not meet the requirements

Met the requirements

11

The MSAs checked warnings, markings and 
instructions in their national language(s). Out 
of 23 samples, 8 (34 %) were non-compliant. 
The most common issue identified was the 
absence of required safety and risk sentences 
on labels, as mandated by the CLP.

Aggregating the tests performed by the laboratory 
and the warnings, markings and instruction checks 
performed by the MSAs, a total of 11 samples did 
not meet at least one of the requirements.  
(See Figure 2)

Figure 2. Overall results, including warning, markings and instructions (n=23)

11

Did not meet the requirements

Met the requirements

12

10

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportResults per product test clause

When examining the results per clause of EN 
1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 – the main issues 
were related to EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020 
5.2: External visual inspection and recording of 
results and 5.4: 

Check of the internal condition of the cylinder.

The figure below provides an overview of the test 
results per clause.

Figure 3. Overview of the test results per clause for welded steel receptacles (n=16)

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020   
5.2 External visual inspection etc. and recording of results

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020   
5.3.2 Hydraulic proof pressure test

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020   
5.4 Check of the internal condition of the cylinder

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020   
5.3.3 Pneumatic proof and leak test
EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020   
5.5 Inspection of cylinder threads

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020  5.6 Inspection of valves

EN 1440:2016+A1:2018+A2:2020   
6 Final operation including Tare mass

0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

Pass

Fail

N/A

For the composite material receptacles, testing for EN ISO 11623:2015 showed failures for clause 11: 
Inspection of valve. The figure below provides an overview of the test results per clause.

Figure 4. Overview of the test results per clause for composite material receptacles (n=3)

EN ISO 11623:2015 7 External visual inspection, searching for 
various damages and improper repairs. Recording of all results

EN ISO 11623:2015 8 Internal visual inspection, including removing 
the valve and recording possible damages

EN ISO 11623:2015 9 Pressure test

EN ISO 11623:2015 10 Leak test

EN ISO 11623:2015 11 Inspection of valve

EN ISO 11623:2015 12.8 Records of all information about the 
chosen receptacles

0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

Pass

Fail

11

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportRisk assessment and measures

Risk assessment and measures

The 11 samples that did not meet at least 
one requirement (laboratory testing or checks 
performed by the MSAs on warnings, markings, 
and instructions) are all classified as low-risk. 
The risk levels are defined during assessments 
performed by the MSAs and are based on the 
risk assessment principles laid down in Annex II 
of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2024/3173.

At the time of writing this final activity report in 
the framework of the JACOP 2024 project, MSAs 
registered 15 samples in the ICSMS and reported 
on the results and measures taken.

Figure 5 displays the corrective measures taken for 
the products that did not meet the requirements. 

Figure 5. Measures adopted for samples that did not meet the requirements (N=11)

Requesting the economic operator to mark the product with 
appropriate warnings.

5

Other

3

Conclusions and recommendations

Conclusions

The testing of refillable LPG receptacles for 
domestic use revealed that while most samples 
met the key safety requirements, a significant 
proportion failed due to structural defects, 
corrosion and valve integrity issues. Specifically, 
44 % of steel receptacles and 33 % of composite 
receptacles did not comply with at least one test 
requirement. Common failures related to visual 
inspections, hydraulic proof pressure tests and 
valve inspections.

All non-compliant samples were classified as 
low risk. However, the findings highlight the need 
for stricter quality control measures, enhanced 
inspections and clearer standardisation guidelines 
to ensure product safety. MSAs have taken 
corrective action for non-compliant samples. 
Continued market surveillance is recommended 
to improve compliance and mitigate risks.

12

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportRecommendations to stakeholders

For consumers

For standardisation organisations

 🔘 Always read and follow the instructions 

 🔘 Clarify the maximum acceptable amount 

carefully; 

 🔘 Do not buy the product if instructions are 

not available;

 🔘 If you notice any damage, do not use the 

receptacle and return it;

 🔘 Buy from legitimate suppliers;

 🔘 Always use the receptacle in an upright 

and stable position;

 🔘 If you smell gas or detect a leak, move 

the receptacle to an open area and seek 
professional assistance.

For economic operators

 🔘 Ensure that clear instructions are provided 

of rust on receptacles and provide guidance 
on the wall thickness requirements;

 🔘 Specify the drying procedure following the 

hydraulic proof pressure test (after exposure 
to water);

 🔘 The term ‘safe inspection lighting system’ 
used for internal inspections is vague. The 
provision mentions tools such as endoscopes 
or radiographic methods as examples, but 
the acceptable inspection methods should be 
better defined.

For authorities

 🔘 Ensure that market surveillance inspections are 

conducted regularly;

to consumers;

 🔘 Ensure certification is up-to-date and complies 

 🔘 Ensure that legible markings are provided 

on the product;

 🔘 Suppliers and distributors should pay extra 

attention when visually inspecting for any wear 
or external damage;

 🔘 Ensure that cylinders are certified or have been 

recertified before reaching the market.

with relevant standards;

 🔘 Encourage authorities to inspect products 
coming from outside the EU, to ensure 
compliance.

13

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportPart 2 

What is 
JACOP?

The JACOP initiative aims to organise Joint Actions on Compliance 
of Products in the EU and EFTA countries, fostering collaboration 
among Market Surveillance Authorities (MSAs). The primary 
objectives include conducting joint product testing, assessing 
risks and harmonising operational methodologies. Through open 
dialogues, knowledge-sharing, and engaging external stakeholders, 
the project contributes to a secure Single Market. Key focuses 
involve evaluating product risks, implementing timely measures 
and ensuring regulatory alignment.

JACOP 2024 includes 16 product-specific 
activities covering 9 sectors

Product-specific activities test different types of products to assess their compliance with existing 
legislation and Regulation and take appropriate actions. The products are selected and collected by the 
market surveillance authorities involved and are examined using a commonly agreed testing plan.

PSA 1  
Dental implants

PSA 2  
Hyaluronic acid-based 
dermal fillers

PSA 4  
Toys (Indoor climbing 
toys, Swings and  
Activity towers)

PSA 5  
Small receptacles 
(cylinders) containing gas 
(gas cartridges)

PSA 6  
Receptacles (refillable 
cylinders) for domestic use

PSA 7  
Detonators  
and Boosters

PSA 8  
Fridges

PSA 9  
Solid fuel boilers

PSA 10  
Air cooling 

PSA 11  
Refrigerating appliances 
with direct sales function

PSA 12  
Electric motors

PSA 13  
Lifeboats

PSA 14 
Child safety equipment 
(CSE) 

PSA 15  
Non-automatic weighing 
instruments (NAWI) 
sold online

* Note that PSA 3 has been cancelled

15

PSA 16  
Installation cables

PSA 17  
Led replacement tubes

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportRoles and responsibilities

EISMEA - Contracting Authority

In charge of the contractual management of the project. Oversees the overall project management,  
ensuring compliance with the contractual obligations  and requirements.

Contractor  
(EY, MCI Brussels, ESN)

 🔘 EY: Manages overall project 
implementation, coordinates 
activities, and oversees the testing 
process.

 🔘 ESN: Handles external 

communication and dissemination, 
including the production of 
communication materials.

 🔘 MCI: Organises meetings and 

events, and manages logistics for 
participants.

Market Surveillance   
Authorities of European 
Union / European Economic 
Area Member States

 🔘 Key participants in decision-

making.

 🔘 Monitor national markets, collect 
samples, and ensure testing 
compliance.

 🔘 Enforce corrective actions for non-
compliance to maintain a safe 
market.

European Commission – 
DG GROW

 🔘 Plays a supervisory role, involved in 
the implementation of the projects 
facilitates cooperation and provides 
policy guidance for the project.

Technical Experts

Offer specialised knowledge and advice to support MSAs. Involved in stimulating debates,  
leading to operational conclusions and ensuring high-quality production of PSA-specific deliverables  .

16

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportWork plan and timeline

2024

2025

2026

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Opening 
event

PSAs: 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6

Cycle 1

Phases: Inception, Laboratory selection, Sampling and testing & 
Reporting and follow-up

Closing 
event

PSAs: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Phases: Inception, Laboratory selection, Sampling and testing & 
Reporting and follow-up

Cycle 2

PSA 13

PSA 15

PSAs: 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

Phases: Inception, Laboratory selection, Sampling and testing & 
Reporting and follow-up

Cycle 3

Communication and dissemination

1  Inception

2  Laboratory 
selection

3  Sampling and 
testing

4  Reporting and 
follow-up

n This phase involves 
o
i
t
p
i
r
c
s
e
D

conducting desk research, 
scoping interviews, drafting 
the testing plan and 
mapping laboratories. 

This phase includes the 
process of selecting and 
contracting a laboratory 
through a tendering process.

In this phase, samples are 
collected and sent to the 
selected laboratory for 
testing based on predefined 
criteria.

This phase involves 
reporting on test results, 
agreed risk assessment, 
follow-up measures, and 
preparing final reports.

n
o
t
s
e
l
i

e Kick-off Meeting – Official 
start of the project where 
MSAs agree on the product 
scope and testing criteria.

M
n
a
M

i

Intermediate Meeting – 
MSAs review of laboratory 
proposals and select the 
appropriate laboratory.

Laboratory meeting – 
Presentation of the tests 
results and discussion on 
risk assessment and follow-
up measures. 

Final Meeting – 
Presentation of final reports 
including all conclusions and 
recommendations.

Communication and dissemination

Communication and dissemination activities involve raising product safety awareness among MSAs, 
consumers, and economic operators through targeted campaigns, media engagement, and influencer involvement, 
focusing on compliance education.

17

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final Report 
Tools and processes

1  Pre-JACOP process

2   Validation of the testing and sampling plans

DG GROW conducted a priority-setting exercise to select the 
16 JACOP 2024 product categories, working closely with 
ADCO groups through consultations.

The technical experts draft the plans based on market 
surveillance authority feedback and the available budget. 
Drafts are presented at kick-off meetings according to PSA 
timelines (except PSA 13 and 15, which follow a tailored 
approach), then finetuned and validated by the market 
surveillance authorities via the Wiki.

3  Laboratory selection

4   Collection and transportation of samples

The contractor’s team maps the laboratories and contacts 
them to collect prices and other information. The tendering 
process is launched after the kick off meeting, and the 
offers are evaluated. During the intermediate meetings, the 
participating market surveillance authorities decide which 
laboratory to select.

The market surveillance authorities collect the relevant 
samples from their national markets and register them in 
a codification file. After performing preliminary checks, the 
market surveillance authorities send the samples to the 
laboratory.

5   Testing and delivery  of test reports

6  Risk assessment

The laboratory tests the samples according to the agreed 
testing plan and uploads the test reports to the Wiki. 
The market surveillance authorities ask for clarification if 
necessary, and approve the reports.

The technical expert and the market surveillance authorities 
develop scenarios based on selected samples during the 
laboratory meeting and analyse the risks. Market surveillance 
authorities perform risk assessments on all samples that do 
not meet legal requirements.

7  Measures adopted by MSAs

8   External communications

The market surveillance authorities take appropriate 
measures on the products in question and report them 
on ICSMS and Safety Gate.

The external communication activities aim to raise 
awareness of product safety and compliance among 
MSAs, consumers, and economic operators. Campaigns 
plans include influencer outreach, performance evaluation, 
and communication tools such as articles, infographics, 
and videos.

18

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportTools

For all 16 PSAs:

 🔘 Article summarising the main findings of the testing activity. The article will include at least 

1 image.

 🔘 One-page infographic summarising the main findings of the testing activity.

 🔘 One social media visual based on the infographics.

 🔘 One infographic and one social media visual covering the entire project.

These communication assets are available in 23 EU languages + Norwegian and Icelandic

For 3 PSAs: Toys, Fridges and Child Safety Equipment

 🔘 Short video for social media promotion

Channels

The communication material is disseminated using:

 🔘 National and specialised media across the EU27.

 🔘 Online and social media platforms.

 🔘 Influencers on social media.

 🔘 Market surveillance authorities national communication channels.

19

Receptacles (refillable cylinders) for domestic use   |  Final ReportE
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This document was written by EY for the European Commission. May – 2025

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General for Internal Market,  
Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW)
Unit H.4 Market Surveillance
Email: GROW-H4@ec.europa.eu

Specific contract: EISMEA/2023/SC/002. Part of frawework contract: EISMEA/2021/OP/0016

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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025
ISBN 978-92-68-28325-7 
doi:10.2873/6162377