Case C-460/23, Kinsa: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 3 June 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Bologna – Italy) – Criminal proceedings against OB (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Border controls, asylum and immigration – Directive 2002/90/EC – General offence of facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence – Article 1(1)(a) – Interpretation consistent with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Article 7 – Respect for private and family life – Article 24 – Rights of the child – Article 52(1) – Interference with the essence of fundamental rights – Article 18 – Right to asylum – Person bringing into the territory of a Member State, in an unauthorised manner, minors who are third-country nationals accompanying him or her and over whom he or she exercises actual care)
Date: 2025-06-03
Institutions: Court of Justice
Subjects: crime, foreign national, humanitarian aid, illegal migration, ownership, penalty, principle of proportionality, protection of privacy, right of asylum, right to physical integrity








C_202504015EN.000101.fmx.xml












Official Journal of the European Union


EN
C series













C/2025/4015


28.7.2025






Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 3 June 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Bologna – Italy) – Criminal proceedings against OB


(Case C-460/23,
                (1)
Kinsa
                (2)
)

(Reference for a preliminary ruling - Area of freedom, security and justice - Border controls, asylum and immigration - Directive 2002/90/EC - General offence of facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence - Article 1(1)(a) - Interpretation consistent with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - Article 7 - Respect for private and family life - Article 24 - Rights of the child - Article 52(1) - Interference with the essence of fundamental rights - Article 18 - Right to asylum - Person bringing into the territory of a Member State, in an unauthorised manner, minors who are third-country nationals accompanying him or her and over whom he or she exercises actual care)
(C/2025/4015)
Language of the case: Italian

Referring court

Tribunale di Bologna

Party in the main criminal proceedings

OB

intervening party:

Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale di Bologna

Operative part of the judgment

Article 1(1)(a) of Council Directive 2002/90/EC of 28 November 2002 defining the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence, read in the light of Articles 7 and 24 and Article 52(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,
must be interpreted as meaning that, first, the conduct of a person who, in breach of the rules governing the movement of persons across borders, brings into the territory of a Member State minors who are third-country nationals and are accompanying him or her, and over whom he or she exercises actual care, does not fall within the scope of the general offence of facilitation of unauthorised entry, and, second, those articles preclude national legislation criminalising such conduct.


(1)  
            OJ C 338, 25.9.2023.

(2)  The name of the present case is a fictitious name. It does not correspond to the real name of any party to the proceedings.


ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/4015/oj
ISSN 1977-091X (electronic edition)