Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Regulation (EU) 2024/823 of 28 February 2024 on exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process
Date: 2025-05-14
Institutions: Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security, European Commission
Subjects: Western Balkans, agricultural product, exemption from customs duties, import (EU), originating product, stabilisation and association agreement, tariff preference, tariff quota, wine

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   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 14.5.2025  COM(2025) 229 final 2025/0108 (COD)  Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Regulation (EU) 2024/823 of 28 February 2024 on exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association Process  
 
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 

1. 

• 

CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL 

Reasons for and objectives of the proposal 

Autonomous trade measures (ATMs) have been granted to the Western Balkans since the year 
2000,  even  before  the  Stabilisation  and  Association  Agreements  (SAAs)  with  the  Western 
Balkan  partners  were  concluded.  At  that  time,  the  European  Council1  decided  that  the 
Western  Balkan  partners  should  benefit  from  asymmetrical  trade  liberalisation  to  allow  the 
region  to  benefit  from  a  preferential  access  to  the  EU  market  while  the  SAAs  were  being 
negotiated and implemented. 

In the meantime, all partners of the region have now signed an SAA with the EU. The last one 
with  Kosovo2  entered  into  force  on  1  April  2016  and  has  been  fully  implemented  as  of  1 
January  2025,  when  the  transition  period  came  to  an  end.  Following  the  conclusion  of  the 
Western Balkans SAAs, the ATMs have been gradually eroded as the unilateral preferences 
were  progressively  withdrawn  and  included  in  the  respective  bilateral  SAAs.  The  current 
ATMs  for  Western  Balkans  cover  two  remaining  benefits:  firstly,  the  suspension  of  the 
specific  duties  for  all  fruits  and  vegetables  which  are  subject  to  the  entry-price  system,  and 
secondly, the access to a global tariff quota for wine which is available on a first come first 
served basis once they have exhausted the national quota in their respective SAA. 

Despite the limited scope of the current ATMs, they remain important. First, the agricultural 
producers of the region have consistently relied on them for nearly 25 years. In addition, the 
closer  integration  of  the  Western  Balkans  into  the  EU’s  single  market  is  highlighted  as  a 
Commission priority in the Growth Plan for the Western Balkans, which was adopted by the 
Commission  on  8  November  20233.  It  is  therefore  proposed  to  continue  supporting  the 
vulnerable economies of the region by extending the period of application of Regulation (EU) 
2024/823 (‘the Regulation’)4 for another 5 years after its expiry on 31 December 2025.  

Further  to  prolonging  the  period  of  application  of  the  Regulation,  it  appears  appropriate  to 
propose amendments to introduce clarity to its rules on suspension and temporary suspension 
of  benefits.  The  Regulation  foresees  two  different  courses  of  action  in  the  event  of  non-
compliance by a beneficiary with its obligation under points (a), (b) or (c) of Article 2(1): the 
EU  may  either  suspend  benefits  under  Article  2(3)  or  temporarily  suspend  benefits  under 
Article 10.  Furthermore, in  Article 10, the Regulation provides for temporary suspension  in 

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4 

Conclusions of the special meeting of the European Council on 23–24 March 2000 in Lisbon: “47. The 
European  Council  confirms  that  its  overall  objective  remains  the  fullest  possible  integration  of  the 
countries of the region  into the political and economic mainstream of Europe. The  European Council 
confirms that the Stabilisation and Association Process is the centrepiece of its policy in the Balkans. 
Stabilisation  and  Association  Agreements  will  include  economic  and  financial  assistance  and 
cooperation,  political  dialogue,  approximation  with  EU  legislation,  cooperation  in  other  policy  areas 
and free trade. Such agreements should be preceded by asymmetrical trade liberalisation. The European 
Council urges the countries of the region to work together and with the Union to make a success of the 
Stabilisation and Association Process.” 
This  designation  is  without  prejudice  to  positions  on  status,  and  is  in  line  with  the  United  Nations 
Security  Council  Resolution  1244  and  the  International  Court  of  Justice  opinion  on  the  Kosovo 
declaration of independence 
2023 Communication new Growth Plan for the Western Balkans - European Commission 
Regulation  (EU)  2024/823  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  28  February  2024  on 
exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and 
Association process (codification), OJ L, 2024/823, 6.3.2024. 

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cases of lack of administrative cooperation for the verification of evidence of origin, a form of 
non-compliance by the beneficiary which is already covered under Article 2(1)(c), and in any 
case seems better suited for a suspension under Article 2(3). 

In  order  to  remove  the  legal  uncertainty  created  by  those  rules,  it  is  proposed  to  delete  the 
non-compliance with Article 2(1), (a), (b) or (c) from Article 10 and retain Article 2(3) as the 
sole  mechanism  in  place  for  the  suspension  of  benefits  due  to  non-compliance  with  Article 
2(1),  (a),  (b)  or  (c).  It  is  further  proposed  to  delete  the  elements  concerning  the  lack  of 
administrative cooperation for the verification of evidence of origin from Article 10 since that 
form of non-compliance is covered in Article 2(1)(c). The proposed amendment would result 
in the following suspension system: 

– 

– 

– 

non-compliance  with  Article  2(1),  (a),  (b)  or  (c),  or  Article  2(2),  may  result  in 
suspension, in whole or in part, of benefits under Article 2(3); 

non-compliance with Article 2(1)(d), may result in suspension, in whole or in part, of 
benefits under a new Article 2(4), pursuant to Article 6; and 

sufficient evidence of fraud or massive increase in exports into the Union above the 
level  of  normal  production  and  export  capacity,  may  lead  to  temporary  suspension 
under Article 10. 

In addition, it is proposed to delete the second subparagraph of Article 2(2), since it refers to 
an institutional process that departs from the ordinary legislative procedure which applies to 
Article 207 TFEU. 

Finally,  there  remains  certain  obsolete  references  to  the  fishery  trade  concessions  in  Article 
3(2)  of  the  Regulation.  Those  references  have  remained  since  the  time  when  the  ATMs 
included  fishery  tariff-rate  quotas.  However,  they  have  gradually  become  irrelevant  as  the 
regulation  of  those  quotas  was  transferred  for  all  beneficiary  countries  to  the  respective 
bilateral  SAAs. They finally  ceased to  be relevant  following the entry into  force on 1 April 
2016 of the SAA between the EU and Kosovo, which was the last SAA to enter into force. 
Accordingly, the references to fishery markets and fishery products in Article 3(2) should be 
removed from the ATMs. 

• 

Consistency with existing policy provisions in the policy area 

The  proposed  measures  are  consistent  with  the  SAAs  and  in  particular  with  the  respective 
Titles IV thereof, which provide that Parties will progressively establish a free trade area. The 
measures have contributed to the expansion of the total trade between the EU and the Western 
Balkans, which exceeded EUR 82 billion in 2023. The EU is the leading trade partner of the 
Western  Balkans,  accounting  for  over  80%  of  the  region’s  total  exports  and  nearly  59%  of 
their imports.  

• 

Consistency with other Union policies 

The  proposed  measures  are  consistent  with  the  new  Growth  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans, 
which  aims  to  enhance  the  economic  integration  of  the  Western  Balkan  partners  with  the 
EU’s  single  market  and  to  accelerate  their  socio-economic  convergence  to  the  EU.  For 
countries  on  the  path  to  EU  accession,  closer  association  with  the  EU’s  single  market  can 
bring benefits that can be felt directly by their citizens.  

The  December  2024  Council’s  conclusions  on  enlargement  mentions  that  “the  Council 
remains committed to bringing partners closer to the EU, preparing the ground for accession, 
and bringing concrete benefits to their citizens already during the enlargement process”, and 

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that  “the  EU  will  continue  to  extend  support  at  all  levels  to  aspiring  members’  political, 
economic  and  social  transformation,  based  on  tangible  progress  on  rule  of  law  and  socio-
economic reforms, as well as on partners’ adherence to EU values, rules and standards”5. 

2. 

• 

LEGAL BASIS, SUBSIDIARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY 

Legal basis 

The  legal  basis  for  the  proposal  is  Article  207(2)  of  the  Treaty  on  the  Functioning  of  the 
European Union (TFEU). 

• 

Subsidiarity (for non-exclusive competence)  

The common commercial policy pertains to the exclusive competence of the Union pursuant 
to Article 3(1)(e) TFEU. Therefore, the subsidiarity principle does not apply. 

• 

Proportionality 

The proposed measures have shown to have had a positive impact on the beneficiary countries 
by  contributing  to  their  economic  development  notably  through  the  establishment  of  strong 
partnerships  between  EU  businesses  and  the  local  producers  in  the  Western  Balkan  region. 
The proposal to extend the measures for an additional five years is therefore considered the 
most suitable approach to ensure the sustained economic development of the Western Balkan 
partners,  while  avoiding  a  very  long  and  complex  process  of  amending  each  individual 
bilateral trade agreement as part of the SAAs. 

• 

Choice of the instrument 

A regulation pursuant to Article 207(2) TFEU is the appropriate tool to extend non-reciprocal 
trade preferences. 

3. 

• 

RESULTS 
CONSULTATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS 

EX-POST 

EVALUATIONS, 

OF 

STAKEHOLDER 

Ex-post evaluations/fitness checks of existing legislation 

No  formal  ex-post  evaluation  has  been  carried  out  given  the  very  limited  scope  of  the 
measures. 

• 

Stakeholder consultations 

No formal stakeholders consultations have taken place but there is a unanimous and sustained 
interest for the continuation of the measures among the beneficiary parties while no objections 
have  been  raised  by  the  European  economic  operators  through  the  various  communication 
platforms set up by the Commission services for the EU industry. 

• 

Collection and use of expertise 

Not applicable. 

• 

Impact assessment 

The proposed measures have been in place for nearly 25 years but are now much reduced as 
most of the preferences were gradually integrated in the individual SAAs between the EU and 

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General  Affairs  Council,  Council  conclusions  on  Enlargement  as  approved  by  the  Council  on 
17 December 2024. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16983-2024-INIT/en/pdf. 

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the  beneficiaries.  While  the  economic  impact  of  the  measures  is  limited,  their  prolongation 
demonstrates  a  strong  guarantee  of  the  EU’s  commitment  to  the  trade  integration  of  the 
Western  Balkans.  It  would  also  contribute  to  ensuring  the  stability  of  market  access 
conditions for economic operators both in the region and in the EU. Should the Regulation not 
be extended by 31 December 2025, the Western Balkans will be deprived of this liberalised 
market  access  for  key  agricultural  products  (fruits  and  vegetables)  which  are  important  for 
this  sensitive  region.  This  is  supported  by  data  showing  that  between  2018  and  2024,  there 
was an expansion of over 125% of the total trade covered by the measures, which went from 
EUR 60.5 million to EUR 137 million. 

• 

Regulatory fitness and simplification 

As the proposed measures have already been in place for nearly 25 years, the beneficiaries are 
very  well  informed  and  know  how  to  comply  with  the  conditionalities  foreseen  in  the 
Regulation. In addition, the Regulation was the object of codification in 2024. 

• 

Fundamental rights 

The proposed measures would respect the basic principles enshrined in the respective SAAs. 
In  particular,  respect  for  democratic  principles,  human  rights  and  fundamental  freedoms 
(Article 3 of the EU-Kosovo SAA, and Article 2 of the other SAAs). 

4. 

BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS 

The proposed Regulation is not expected to incur additional costs in the EU budget. Also, the 
extension  of  the  period  of  application  of  the  Regulation  is  not  expected  to  have  additional 
budgetary impact on the revenue side for the years of the proposed extension as compared to 
the budgetary impact of the current ATMs.  

5. 

• 

OTHER ELEMENTS 

Implementation plans and monitoring, evaluation and reporting arrangements 

In the context of the sub-committee meetings taking place under the umbrella of the SAAs, 
monitoring  and  reporting  on  the  use  of  bilateral  preferences  is  regularly  on  the  agenda  of 
bilateral discussions with the Western Balkan partners. 

• 

Explanatory documents (for directives) 

Not applicable. 

• 

Detailed explanation of the specific provisions of the proposal 

This proposal concerns the following amendments to the Regulation: 

1) 

2) 

In order to  remove the conflict  between Article  2(3) and Article 10  with  respect  to 
consequences of non-compliance with Article 2(1), (a), (b) or (c), and to create legal 
certainty,  it  is  proposed  to  delete  these  situations  of  non-compliance  from  the 
instances  covered  by  Article  10  and  retain  Article  2(3)  as  the  sole  mechanism  in 
place for the suspension of benefits due to non-compliance with Article 2(1), (a), (b) 
or (c). 

Further to the amendment suggested above, it seems that the non-compliance listed 
in Article 10 concerning the lack of administrative cooperation for the verification of 
evidence of origin is already covered under Article 2(1)(c), and in any case is better 

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suited for suspension under Article 2(3). In that respect, it is proposed to place it in 
Article 2(1)(c). 

It is proposed to delete the second subparagraph of Article 2(2), since it refers to an 
institutional  process  that  departs  from  the  ordinary  legislative  procedure  which 
applies to Article 207 TFEU. 

For  clarity,  a  new  Article  2(4)  should  be  introduced  to  specify  that  the  non-
compliance with Article 2(1)(d) may result in suspension of preferences, pursuant to 
Article 6. 

In order to accurately reflect its content, Article 2 should be renamed.  

Since  the  unilateral  preferences  to  Kosovo  were  included  in  the  EU-Kosovo  SAA, 
which was the last SAA to enter into force, on 1 April 2016, the autonomous trade 
preferences  no  longer  concern  any  fishery  trade  concessions.  For  the  purpose  of 
clarity,  it  is  therefore  proposed  to  remove  the  remaining  obsolete  references  to 
fishery markets and fishery products in Article 3(2). 

It  is  proposed  to  extend  the  duration  of  the  application  of  the  Regulation  until  31 
December 2030. 

3) 

4) 

5) 

6) 

7) 

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2025/0108 (COD) 

Proposal for a 

REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 

amending Regulation (EU) 2024/823 of 28 February 2024 on exceptional trade measures 
for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and 
Association Process 

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  on  the  Functioning  of  the  European  Union,  and  in  particular 
Article 207(2) thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, 

After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, 

Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, 

Whereas: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

Council  Regulation  (EU)  2024/8231  establishes  a  system  of  autonomous  trade 
measures (ATMs) between the Union and the Western Balkan countries and territories 
by  exempting  from  customs  duties  and  charges  having  equivalent  effect  certain 
agricultural  products  originating  in  the  Western  Balkans  and  providing  certain  wine 
products originating in the Western Balkans with an access to a global tariff quota. 

The  current  ATMs  for  Western  Balkans  cover  two  remaining  benefits:  firstly,  the 
suspension of the specific duties for all fruits and vegetables which are subject to the 
entry-price system, and secondly, the access to a global tariff quota for wine which is 
available  on  a  first  come  first  served  basis  once  the  Western  Balkan  countries  have 
exhausted  the  national  quota  in  their  respective  Stabilisation  and  Association 
Agreement  (‘SAA’).  Despite  the  limited  scope  of  the  current  ATMs,  they  remain 
important. However, Regulation (EU) 2024/823 expires on 31 December 2025.  

The system of ATMs constitutes a valuable support for the economies of the Western 
Balkan partners while not creating negative effects for the Union.  

The  Union  should  therefore  continue  supporting  the  vulnerable  economies  of  the 
region  by  extending  the  period  of  application  of  Regulation  (EU)  2024/823  for  an 
additional 5  years.  Extending  the period of application of Regulation  (EU) 2024/823 
demonstrates the Union’s strong commitment to  the trade integration of the Western 
Balkans. 

(5) 

It  is  therefore  appropriate  to  extend  the  period  of  application  of  Regulation  (EU) 
2024/823 until 31 December 2030. 

1 

Regulation  (EU)  2024/823  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  28  February  2024  on 
exceptional trade measures for countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and 
Association process (OJ L, 2024/823, 6.3.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/823/oj). 

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(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

Extending  the period of  application of the  ATMs is consistent with  Regulation (EU) 
2024/1449 of the European Parliament and of the Council2. 
Following  the  entry  into  force  of  the  EU-Kosovo3  Stabilisation  and  Association 
Agreement  (SAA), the last  of the SAAs to  enter into force,  references  to the fishery 
trade concessions in Article 3(2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/823 should be removed as 
those  quotas  were  transferred  for  all  beneficiary  countries  to  the  respective  bilateral 
SAAs.  

There is  an overlap between Article 2(3) and Article 10  of Council Regulation  (EU) 
2024/823,  leading  to  conflicting  mechanisms  for  the  suspension  of  benefits,  which 
should be addressed to create legal certainty, 

HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 

Article 1 

Regulation (EU) 2024/823 is amended as follows: 

1. 

(a) 

Article 2 is amended as follows: 

the title is replaced by the following: 

‘Conditions  for  entitlement 
arrangements’; 

to  and  related  suspension  of 

the  preferential 

(b) 

Article 2(1), point (c) is replaced by the following: 

‘(c)  the  involvement  of  beneficiary  parties  in  effective  administrative  cooperation, 
including  as  required  for  the  verification  of  evidence  of  origin,  with  the  Union  in 
order to prevent any risk of fraud; and’;  

(c) 

Article 2(2) is replaced by the following: 

‘Without  prejudice  to  the  conditions  laid  down  in  paragraph  1  of  this  Article, 
entitlement to benefit from the preferential arrangements referred to in Article 1 shall 
be subject to the readiness of the beneficiary parties to engage in effective economic 
reforms and in regional cooperation with other countries involved in the Stabilisation 
and Association process, in particular through the establishment of free trade areas in 
accordance  with  Article  XXIV  of  the  GATT  1994  and  other  relevant  WTO 
provisions.’; 

(d) 

Article 2(4) is added: 

‘In  the  event  of  non-compliance  by  a  beneficiary  party  with  paragraph  1  point  (d), 
the  Commission  may  suspend,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  entitlement  of  a  beneficiary 
party concerned to benefits under this Regulation, pursuant to Article 6.’  

2. 

Article 3(2) is replaced by the following: 

‘2.  Notwithstanding  other  provisions  of  this  Regulation,  in  particular  Article  10, 
given  the  particular  sensitivity  of  the  agricultural  markets,  where  imports  of 
agricultural products cause serious disturbance to Union markets and their regulatory 

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Regulation  (EU)  2024/1449  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  14  May  2024  on 
establishing  the  Reform  and  Growth  Facility  for  the  Western  Balkans  (OJ  L,  2024/1449,  24.5.2024, 
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1449/oj). 
This  designation  is  without  prejudice  to  positions  on  status,  and  is  in  line  with  the  United  Nations 
Security  Council  Resolution  1244  and  the  International  Court  of  Justice  opinion  on  the  Kosovo 
declaration of independence. 

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mechanisms,  the  Commission  may  adopt  appropriate  measures  by  means  of 
implementing acts. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the 
examination procedure referred to in Article 8(3).’ 

3. 

Article 10 is replaced by the following: 

‘Article 10 

Other temporary suspension measures 

1.  Where the Commission finds that there is  sufficient  evidence of fraud or that 
there is a massive increase in imports into the Union above the level of normal 
production and export capacity, it may take measures to suspend in whole or in 
part  the  arrangements  provided  for  in  this  Regulation  for  a  period  of  three 
months, provided that it has first: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

informed the Western Balkans Implementation Committee; 

called  on  the  Member  States  to  take  such  precautionary  measures  as  are 
necessary  in  order  to  safeguard  the  Union’s  financial  interests  or  to  secure 
compliance by the beneficiary parties with Article 2(1); 

published  a  notice  in  the  Official  Journal  of  the  European  Union  stating  that 
there are grounds for reasonable doubts about the application of the preferential 
arrangements  or  compliance  with  Article  2(1)  by  the  beneficiary  party 
concerned  which  may  call  into  question  its  right  to  continue  enjoying  the 
benefits granted by this Regulation. 

The measures referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph shall be adopted 
by  means  of  implementing  acts.  Those  implementing  acts  shall  be  adopted  in 
accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 8(3). 

2.  Upon the conclusion of the period of suspension, the Commission shall decide 
either  to  terminate  the  provisional  suspension  measure  or  to  extend  the 
suspension measure in accordance with paragraph 1.’ 

4. 

In Article 12, the second paragraph is replaced by the following: 

‘It shall apply until 31 December 2030.’ 

This  Regulation  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  day  following  that  of  its  publication  in  the 
Official Journal of the European Union. 

Article 2 

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. 

Done at Brussels, 

For the European Parliament 
The President 

For the Council 
The President 

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LEGISLATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT ‘REVENUE’- FOR PROPOSALS 
HAVING BUDGETARY IMPACT ON THE REVENUE SIDE OF THE BUDGET 

1. 

NAME OF THE PROPOSAL: 

Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending 
Regulation  (EU)  2024/823  of  28  February  2024  on  exceptional  trade  measures  for 
countries and territories participating in or linked to the Stabilisation and Association 
Process 

2. 

BUDGET LINES: 

Revenue line (Chapter/Article/Item): Chapter 12, Article 120  

Amount budgeted for the year concerned (2025): 21 082 004 566 €  

(only in case of assigned revenues):  

revenues  will  be 

The 
(Chapter/Article/Item):  

assigned 

to 

the 

following 

expenditure 

line 

3. 

FINANCIAL IMPACT 

◼ 

Proposal has no financial implications 

Proposal has no financial impact on expenditure but has a financial impact on 

 
revenue 

 

Proposal has a financial impact on assigned revenue 

The effect is as follows:  

Revenue line 

Impact on revenue12  XX months period starting 
dd/mm/yyyy (if applicable) 

Year N 

(EUR million to one decimal place) 

Chapter/Article/Item … 

Chapter/Article/Item … 

Situation following action 

Revenue line 

[N+1] 

[N+2] 

[N+3] 

[N+4] 

[N+5] 

Chapter/Article/Item … 

Chapter/Article/Item … 

1 

2 

The amounts per year need to be an estimation based on the formula or method defined under section 5. 
For the starting year, the yearly amount is normally paid without a reduction or prorata. 
In the case of traditional own resources (customs duties, sugar levies), the amounts indicated must be 
net amounts, i.e. gross amounts after deduction of 25 % for collection costs. 

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(Only  in  case  of  assigned  revenues,  under  the  condition  that  the  budget  line  is  already 
known): 

Expenditure line3 

Year N 

Year N+1 

Chapter/Article/Item 
… 

Chapter/Article/Item 
… 

Expenditure line 

[N+2] 

[N+3] 

[N+4] 

[N+5] 

Chapter/Article/Item 
… 

Chapter/Article/Item 
… 

4. 

5. 

ANTI-FRAUD MEASURES 

OTHER REMARKS 

The  proposed  Regulation  does  not  incur  additional  costs  (expenditure)  in  the  EU 
budget.  

The extension of the ATMs (2026-2030) has no additional budgetary impact on the 
revenue  side  for  the  years  of  the  proposed  extension  as  compared  to  the  budgetary 
impact of the ATMs in place before that. 

Any  forgone  revenue  incurred  under  the  prolongation  of  the  ATMs  cannot  be 
considered as a loss of tariff revenue since that revenue has not been perceived since 
the year 2000, when the first Autonomous Trade Measure were adopted.  

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To be used only if necessary. 

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