COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the revised Action Plan of the EU Macro-Regional Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region
Date: 2025-05-07
Institutions: Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, European Commission
Subjects: Adriatic Sea, EU strategy, Ionian Sea, Mediterranean region (EU), economic and social cohesion, environmental policy, regional cooperation, tourism, transport policy, twin transition

EN 

  EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 7.5.2025  SWD(2025) 114 final  COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS  on the revised Action Plan of the EU Macro-Regional Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region {COM(2025) 191 final}  
 
 
Revised EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region Action Plan 

(version 5 March 2025) 

I 

INTRODUCTION 

I.I  AIM OF THE REVISION 
I.II  HORIZONTAL & CROSS-CUTTING TOPICS 
I.III  GOVERNANCE, FUNDING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION 
I.IV  ACTION PLAN AS ROLLING IMPLEMENTATION TOOL 
I.V  ORGANISATION OF THE ACTION PLAN 

1. 

PILLAR 1 –BLUE SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY 

1.1  TOPIC – BLUE AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 
1.2  TOPIC – FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 
1.3  TOPIC – MARITIME AND MARINE GOVERNANCE AND SERVICES 

2. 

PILLAR 2 – CONNECTING THE REGION 

2.1  TOPIC – MARITIME TRANSPORT 
2.2  TOPIC – MULTI-MODAL CONNECTIVITY 
2.3  TOPIC – URBAN NODES 
2.4  TOPIC– ENERGY NETWORKS 
2.5  TOPIC – DECARBONISING THE ENERGY SYSTEMS 

3. 

PILLAR 3 – ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 

3.1  TOPIC – MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT 
3.2  TOPIC – TRANSNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL HABITATS AND BIODIVERSITY 

4. 

PILLAR 4 – SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 

4 

5 
7 
10 
11 
12 

13 

14 
20 
27 

36 

39 
45 
51 
57 
68 

80 

82 
91 

101 

4.1  TOPIC – FACILITATING DIGITAL AND GREEN TRANSITION OF THE TOURISM AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OFFER  102 
111 
4.2  TOPIC – PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE: KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND MANAGEMENT 
118 
4.3  TOPIC - GREENING OF TOURISM PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 

5. 

PILLAR 5 –IMPROVED SOCIAL COHESION 

5.1  TOPIC – YOUTH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPLOYMENT 
5.2  TOPIC – PROMOTING SKILLS ACQUISITION FOR FUTURE LABOUR MARKETS 
5.3  TOPIC - EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN THE LABOUR MARKET 
5.4  TOPIC - SOCIAL INNOVATIONS 

6. 

ANNEXES 

126 

128 
132 
137 
141 

145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
List of abbreviations 

EU 
EUSAIR 
ICT 
ICZM 
IPA 
MSP 
REMPEC 
SMEs 
TEN-E 
TEN-T 
UNECE 

European Union 
EU Strategy for the Adriatic-Ionian Region 
Information and Communication Technology  
Integrated Coastal Zone Management  
Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 
Maritime Spatial Planning  
Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea 
Small and medium-sized enterprises 
Trans-European Networks for Energy 
Trans-European Networks for Transports 
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 

2 

 
 
 
 
I 

Introduction 

The  EU  Strategy  for  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian  region  is  a  macro-regional  strategy  adopted  by  the 
European  Commission  and  endorsed  by  the  European  Council  in  2014.  The  original  Strategy  was 
jointly  developed  by  the  Commission  and  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  countries  and  stakeholders, 
which agreed to work together on the areas of joint interest for the benefit of each country and the 
whole region. 

The participating countries include four EU Member States, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, five EU 
candidate  countries,  Albania,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  Montenegro,  North  Macedonia,  Serbia  and 
one non-EU country, San Marino. 

The objective of the Strategy is to promote effective multilevel and cross-sectoral cooperation for an 
economically  prosperous,  socially  inclusive,  well  connected,  more  integrated,  green  and  liveable 
Adriatic-Ionian  region.  The  participating  countries  agreed  on  areas  of  mutual  interest  with  high 
relevance for the Adriatic-Ionian region, covering both joint challenges and joint opportunities. 

The action plan helps the Strategy to go from ‘words to actions’ by identifying the key priorities for 
the Adriatic-Ionian region. The first action plan was agreed in 2014 when the Strategy was launched. 
Since then, new priorities, challenges and opportunities have emerged – which need to be addressed 
through  joint  actions  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  –  the  process  of  the  revision  of  the  action  plan 
started in January 2022. This revision of the action plan takes into account the priorities set in the UN 
Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals, EU policies supporting green and digital transition 
as well as building just and inclusive Europe on the principles of European Pillar on Social Rights; the 
changed  circumstances  and  perspectives  of  EU enlargement;  enlarged  membership  in  the  Strategy 
revision  as  well  as  experience  concerning  the  capacities  of  the  Strategy  community  in  putting  the 
Strategy into practice. 

The participating countries have set the goal to facilitate the accession process through the revised 
action  plan  and  following  this,  unlock  the  full  potential  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region.  Joint  actions 
comprise  building  networks,  offering  mutual  learning,  striving  for  harmonisation,  aligning  policies, 
building capacities, strengthening civil society and voluntary service, to highlight some examples. The 
revision of the action plan has been subject to an open public consultation, helping to draw lessons 
from the experiences and inform the proposals of the revised  action plan. The action plan outlines 
the way for all involved stakeholders to cooperate on specific topics, priorities and actions to achieve 
the objectives of the Strategy as a whole and in particular those of the pillars. The drafting process 
involved a wide range of stakeholders from the Adriatic-Ionian region representing national, regional 
and local authorities, but also the private sector, academia and civil society. The revised action plan is 
therefore  a  multilevel  approach  where  the  role  of  the  governance  system  of  Thematic  Steering 
Groups of the Pillars and the Governing Board played a very crucial role, from the drafting of the Plan 
up to its implementation. 

The  implementation  of  the  action  plan  is  the  responsibility  of  all,  at  country,  regional,  and 
level,  within  each  participating  country.  The  governance  system  oversees 
local/municipal 
coordination, monitoring and implementation. The Governing Board is the main decision-making and 
coordinating body, providing strategic guidance for the  implementation, monitoring the progresses 

3 

 
 
 
 
achieved, evaluating the results, and adjusting the Strategy to new challenges. National coordinators 
ensure an effective link in each country with the relevant bodies involved in the implementation of 
the Strategy. For each pillar, a Thematic Steering Group, composed of appointed representatives of 
participant countries will work closely with their counterparts in the other countries. To ensure even 
stronger commitment, the Strategy governance’s architecture has been revised, better defining the 
roles  and  responsibilities  and 
improving  coordination  between  the  strategic,  thematic  and 
operational  level  of  the  Strategy  as  well  as  strengthening  the  involvement  of  regions,  local 
administrations,  academia,  research,  economic  actors,  civil  society  and  other  stakeholders  in  the 
Strategy’s  implementation.  The  Strategy  Facility Point,  the  Stakeholders Engagement Point  and  the 
Strategic Project Development project act as a technical structure providing assistance and support 
to the Governing Board, the Thematic Steering Groups and the relevant stakeholders, each with its 
functions. 

The Thematic Steering Groups have pillar coordinators to ensure an effective implementation of the 
actions  included  in  each  pillar.  This  involves  securing  agreement  on  an  implementation  plan 
associated to a timetable and a list of indicators for monitoring and evaluating progresses achieved, 
and ensuring close contacts between project promoters, programmes and funding sources. This work 
aims at being transnational, inter-sector and interinstitutional. 

I.I 

Aim of the revision 

Starting  point  of  the  revision  process  was  the  political  mandate  expressed  in  the  Izola  and  Tirana 
Declarations, the findings of the Strategy evaluation, relevant Commission reports, experience of the 
participating  countries,  the  proposals  of  Thematic  Steering  Groups  and  stakeholders  and  the 
outcomes  of  the  public  consultations.  The  Sarajevo  and  Šibenik  Declarations,  signed  during  the 
revision  process,  were  even  more  specific,  welcoming  the  fifth,  social  pillar  in  the  Strategy, 
highlighting  its  importance  in  helping  regions  to  adjust  to  ongoing  demographic,  industrial,  and 
geopolitical challenges, acknowledging the need for stronger mobilisation of funds and appropriate 
monitoring  tools  to  evaluate  impact  of  the  Strategy  and  emphasising  regional  cooperation  and 
integration in equal opportunities, empowerment of women, youth engagement and UN Sustainable 
Development  Goals.  On  this  basis,  the  action  plan  has  been  revised  to  adapt  to  the  changes  in  its 
membership and to respond better to current challenges and opportunities. 

The  revision  process  made  it  possible  to  better  align  the  Strategy  and  envisaged  actions  with  EU 
priorities and strategies, shared management funds e.g. cohesion policy funds, Common Agricultural 
Policy funds, European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund, Interreg, etc.) as well as EU direct 
or indirect management funds such as IPA Funds, Horizon Europe, Life, Erasmus+ etc. The Economic 
and Investment Plan for the  Western  Balkans, the Growth Plan for the Western Balkans and  other 
targeted  Western  Balkans  investment  plans  or  instruments  were  also  considered.  As  a  result,  the 
revised action plan targets a mid-term future of 2030. 

In  light  of  these  aims  and  time  horizon,  the  existing  pillars  of  the  Strategy  have  been  revisited, 
adjusted and supplemented with introduction of one more pillar. This has resulted in the following, 
pillars: 

•  Pillar  1  –  Blue  sustainable  economy  addressing  the  need  to  strengthen  emerging 
technologies and innovation in the field, as well as sustainable fisheries and aquaculture and 
progress on joint actions in the field of maritime and marine governance  and services. The 

4 

 
 
 
 
focus goes beyond the immediate marine  and maritime areas; it also involves  inland water 
resources such as rivers and lakes. 

•  Pillar 2 – Connecting the region addresses the need to strengthen and interlink sustainable 
energy  and  transport  networks  and  services  in  the  region,  reducing  bottlenecks  and 
developing necessary regulatory frameworks. Coordinated monitoring of maritime traffic and 
multi-modal transport and energy services will increase region’s competitiveness. The focus 
goes beyond the major energy and transport infrastructure networks; it also involves urban 
nodes  of  the  region  in  order  to  reconcile  their  economic  and  demographic  growth  with 
environmental sustainability and people accessibility to services and innovations, particularly 
in suburban and rural areas. A particular emphasis is given to the need to also progress on 
the transition to green (carbon neutral and zero pollution) and digital solutions. 

•  Pillar  3  –  Environmental  quality  sets  out  actions  to  improve  the  marine  and  costal 
environment and transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity, by further strengthening 
the  development  and  use  of  common  platforms  and  tools  for  data  exchange  and  joint 
monitoring,  supporting  cross-border  and  transnational  aspects  of  Integrated  Coastal  Zone 
Management and Maritime Spatial Planning, strengthening the exchange and dissemination 
of  experience  and  the  development  of  new  innovative  solutions  for  climate  change 
resilience.  The  environmental  consequences  of  climate  change  need  to  be  reflected  in  the 
shift of risk perceptions to extreme weather conditions, ecological disasters, loss of biological 
diversity,  natural  disasters  and  failure  to  mitigate  climate  change.  Climate  change  with 
special  regards  to  adaptation  and  nature  conservation  is  determining  the  scope  of  work of 
this  pillar.  Environmental  and  climate  change  risks  have  to  be  recognised  and  included  in 
everyday activities. 

•  Pillar  4  –Sustainable  tourism  takes  into  consideration  all  the  key  dimensions of  economic, 
environmental,  cultural  and  social  sustainability.  The  focus  includes  the  digital  and  green 
transition  of  the  tourism  ecosystem  considering  relevant  sectors  and  different  public  and 
private  actors.  It  also  promotes  innovative  ways  for  developing  sustainable  tourism.  The 
overall  objective  is  to  develop  the  full  potential  of  the  region  in  terms  of  innovative, 
sustainable, responsible and quality tourism. Diversification of tourism products and services, 
along with tackling seasonality, will boost business and create jobs. 

•  Pillar  5  –  Improved  Social  Cohesion  promotes  social  progress  concerning  labour  market 
opportunities for the whole society and for future generations. In doing so, it promotes the 
importance  of  the  European  social  model,  and  of  solving  social  challenges  that  transcend 
national borders. An important focus is on skills, education and youth. The aim of the social 
pillar  is  to  align  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  with  the  EU  strategies  and  policies  for 
strengthening  focus  on  social  change,  and  pair  the  green  and  digital  transition  with  social 
transition.  It  contributes  from  the  macro-regional  context  to  achieve  equal  opportunities, 
empowerment of women, youth engagement, upskilling, reskilling, and access to the labour 
market,  as  well  as  fair  working  conditions  and  social  protection  in  the  whole  region. 
Cooperation between participating countries may inter alia include exchange of experiences, 
coordination of policy measures, definition of priorities and standardisation of approaches to 
solving social challenges that transcend national borders. The social pillar will also work as a 
response to the requirements of the European Pillar of Social Rights,  and it will also tackle 
the human rights dimension of the Economic and Investment Plan for the Western Balkans. 

5 

 
 
 
 
While  the  first  four  pillars  are  further  developed  based  on  the  past  action  plan,  the  fifth,  Social 
Cohesion  pillar  has  only  been  decided  upon  in  May  2023.  Therefore,  its  content  will  be  further 
developed and detailed. 

The  action  plan  revision  process  took  place  between  January  2022  and  July  2024.  The  revision 
process was led by relevant Presidencies (Albania from January to May 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina 
from  June  2022  to  May  2023  and  Croatia  from  June  2023  to  May  2024)  supported  by  the  Facility 
Point  and  included  a  wide  range  of  relevant  stakeholders  of  the  Strategy  community.  Pillar 
Coordinators and members of the Thematic Steering Groups for each pillar, the Governing Board and 
National Coordinators were involved. A specific Revision Working Group has been established by the 
Governing  Board,  with  representatives  of  each  participating  countries  appointed  by  National 
Coordinators. The group provided guidance to the Facility Point and approved the work done at each 
step of the process. 

The  revision  process  also  included  moments  of  consultation,  where  stakeholders  other  than  those 
directly involved in the Strategy were asked to provide inputs and comments. 

The most important steps and milestones of the revision process were: 

•  The first draft of the roadmap (January 2022) 
•  Engagement of an external expert that facilitated the revision (February – March 2022) 
•  M1: Agreement on the process (February to November 2022) 
• 

Launch  of  Strategy-level  public  consultation  with  key  stakeholders  and  interested  general 
public including youth  (May – June 2022) 

•  Strategy-level public consultation report published (September 2022) 
•  Establishment of a Revision Working Group (October/ November 2022) 
• 

Launching  of  the  internal  Strategy  consultation  phase  on  the  relevant  Strategy  levels 
(October 2022-January 2023) 

•  M2: Agreement on the action plan pillars, topics, structure, governance (February-May 2023) 
•  Second round of thematic consultation (March-June 2023) 
•  M3: 1 Draft action plan (June 2023) 
•  Gathering feedback from regional, national and Commission levels (July-September 2023) 
•  Final round of internal Strategy consultation (February 2024) 
•  M4: Input document for Commission action plan Staff Working Document (May 2024) 

I.II  Horizontal & cross-cutting topics 

The pillars are highly interrelated due to the broad and interdisciplinary nature of the challenges and 
opportunities  addressed  by  the  Strategy.  Therefore,  the  Strategy  encourages  an  integrated  or 
transversal approach highlighting interdependences between its pillars. 

Accordingly,  the  revised  action  plan  identifies  horizontal  and  cross-cutting  issues  that  should  be 
addressed  appropriately  under  the  respective  pillars  and  integrated  when  appropriate  into  the 
actions implementing the action plan. 

The following horizontal topics need to be addressed by all pillars and topics: 

•  Enlargement. The enlargement of the EU to include the Western Balkan candidate countries 
is  a  central  development  feature  in  the  region.  The  Strategy  is  consistent  with  the  EU 

6 

 
 
 
 
enlargement policy framework. All pillars and all their topics, where relevant, must support 
the  enlargement  process  of  the  candidate  countries  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  and 
complement their Reform Agendas by accelerating their alignment with Union values, laws, 
rules, standards, policies and practices (‘acquis’) through investments and reforms as part of 
their  work  to  become  EU  members.  The  candidate  countries  should  accelerate  their 
economic integration and foster their progressive integration into the EU, in particular with 
respect  to  socio-economic  convergence  with  the  EU  and  the  EU  single  market.  The 
implementation of the  Strategy  builds on the substantial investments  and reforms through 
the Economic and Investment Plan and the ‘New Growth Plan for the Western Balkans’, to 
assist the  Adriatic-Ionian  region in implementing reforms for sustainable economic growth, 
regional  integration,  and  the  Common  Regional  Market.  The  revised  action  plan  is  fully 
compatible  with  the  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans,  notably 
regarding climate action, including decarbonisation, energy and mobility, as well as its strong 
focus on digitalisation. It is also aligned with the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, in 
particular  with  the  focus  on  regional  energy  integration  and  diversification  towards 
renewable  energy.  Simultaneously,  it  aims  to  accelerate  the  region’s  transition  to  green 
economy. Chapters 22 (regional policy) and 27 (environment) of the acquis have pivotal roles 
in guiding the Western Balkans’ efforts towards sustainable growth. The implementation of 
these  chapters  requires  significant  administrative  capacities,  including  at  the  local  level 
responsible for the implementation of large parts of the  acquis, and strategic planning that 
the  Strategy  will  help  to  develop.  The  Strategy  will  thus  complement  the  negotiating 
instruments  deployed  by  the 
framework  and  the  other  non-financial  and  financial 
Commission to accompany the candidate countries towards membership. 

•  Capacity  building.  Administrative  capacity  at  all  levels,  governance  and the  involvement of 
civil  society  in  policy  making  are  preconditions  for  economic  and  social  prosperity  and 
cohesion.  Therefore  the  revised  action  plan  builds  on  a  coherent  set  of  targeted  priorities 
prepared by each participating country, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, including 
partner  countries’  local  and  regional  representative  bodies  and  authorities,  social  partners 
and civil society organisations. All pillars and all their topics, where relevant and necessary, 
must  contribute  to  capacity  building  and  to  the  quality  of  governance  in  the  region.  In 
particular, policy coherence for sustainable development must be taken into account in order 
to allow for the five pillars to be carried out in a mutually supported and integrated way. 
•  Research, innovation and development. Future oriented development requires research to 
generate  knowledge  and  innovation  to  translate  innovations  into  new  products,  markets, 
and  services.  The  revised  action  plan  is  designed  to  align  science  and  research  in  the 
candidate  countries  with  European  Research  Area,  promoting  Open  Science  by  granting 
Western Balkans partner countries’ researchers’ free access to the research publications. By 
these measures the Strategy will aim to improve candidate countries’ places in the European 
Innovation Scoreboard and support innovative SMEs and start-ups to take-up the potential of 
the green and digital solutions. All pillars and all their topics, where relevant, must contribute 
to strengthening research and innovation and link  actions to relevant national and regional 
smart specialisation strategies. This should be done through better and stronger cooperation 
between  national  and  regional  governance  structures  responsible  for  smart  specialisation 
strategies.  This  networking  and  coordination  should  widen  research  and  development  and 
innovation  potential  and  help  to  achieve  a  critical  mass  within  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region, 

7 

 
 
 
 
transforming  the  existing  value  chains  and  creating  new  ones  as  well  as  enabling  steeper 
progress  towards  the  UN  Sustainable  Development  Goals.  The  Strategy  does  not  have  its 
own financial resources and funding for actions and projects; it has therefore to come from 
existing  financial  instruments,  including,  among  other  programmes,  Horizon  Europe.  In  the 
context  of  the  Horizon  Europe  work  programme  2026-2027,  the  Strategy  will  seek  the 
inclusion  of  specific  actions  for  the  region  to  strengthening  innovation  ecosystems  in  the 
region,  supporting  circular  economy  and  biodiversity  conservation,  as  well  as  promoting 
research and innovation in blue and green technologies. To be noted the specific impact of 
the European Research Area in the alignment of science and research in candidate countries. 

In  addition  to  the  above  topics,  climate  change  and  the  green  transition  to  a  carbon-neutral  and 
resilient Europe are widely considered by all pillars. They are of particular importance as the region – 
and especially the Western Balkans –is most heavily affected by the impact of climate change, as it 
might face considerable and higher than elsewhere in Europe increases in temperature. Estimations 
suggest  temperature  may  increase  by  1.7  to  4.0 °C,  and  even  exceeding  5.0 °C  by  the  end  of  the 
century, depending on the global effort in greenhouse gases emission reduction. 

The  revised  Strategy  fully  aligns  with  a  human  rights-based  approach,  as  well  as  mechanisms  and 
instruments  that  ensure  gender  mainstreaming  and  equal  opportunities,  and  will  aim  to  further 
intensify  the  efforts  undertaken  by  the  authorities  towards  further  consolidating,  protecting,  and 
promoting  equal  opportunities  and  gender  equality.  Compliance  with  these  principles  requires 
involvement  and  consultation  of  a  wide  group  of  civil  society  and  equality  bodies  advocating  for 
people  with  disabilities,  persons  of  migrant  background  or  of  marginalised  group  such  as  Roma, 
gender equality bodies, etc. to ensure equality mainstreaming of all pillars and topics. The European 
Pillar of Social Rights on Gender Equality, as well as the EU gender equality strategy 2020-2025, the 
EU  Pay  Transparency  Directive  and  the  EU  Directive  on  combating  violence  against  women  and 
domestic violence are to be considered by all pillars, topics and actions. All activities that contribute 
to the objectives  and targets of the  revised action  plan must  be  in accordance with the  Charter of 
Fundamental Rights of the EU and the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. This 
ensures compliance with the principles of gender equality, equal opportunities, and suppression of 
discrimination.  Actions  and  topics  within  the  Strategy  will  be  encouraged  to  include  activities  that 
specifically address issues of gender equality and the inclusion of marginalised groups. 

Cross-cutting  topics  could  have  been  thematic  pillars  in  their  own  right  but  they  were  found  to 
overlap with the existing pillars. Therefore, these topics have been identified as cross-cutting as they 
are to be addressed by several topics of the pillars. These topics are: 

•  Circular economy.  The  green transition implies  implementing circular  economy approaches 
in a wide range of sectors and places. This requires focus on connecting (national/regional) 
circular  economy  entities  responsible  for  national/regional  coordination  in  participating 
countries,  searching  for  synergies  in  achieving  EU  policy  goals.  Good  practices  present  a 
useful  source  of  information  for  capacity  building  and  exchange  of  experience  between 
participating  countries  but  are  not  enough.  The 
involvement  of  national/regional 
stakeholders this would support matchmaking and development of value chains in the entire 
region and encourage uptake of EU initiatives related to circular economy in Western Balkan 
countries. 

8 

 
 
 
 
This  topic  concerns  in  particular  pillar  1  with  focus  on  green  &  blue  technology  reducing 
human  impact  on  environment  and  waters,  pillar  2  with  focus  on  renewable  energy,  and 
pillar 4 with focus on sustainable and green tourism. 

•  Green  rural  development.  Rural  areas  are  an  important  part  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region; 
they underpin a wide range of economic and societal activities and are often home to natural 
and cultural heritage. In line with areas of action of Long-term Vision for the EU’s Rural Areas 
this  topic  is  addressed  by  pillar  1  with  focus  on  sustainable  fisheries  and  support  to  local 
communities,  pillar  2  with  focus  on  sustainable  energy  production  also  in  rural  areas  and 
sustainable  mobility  in  rural  areas,  pillar  3  with  regard  to  the  management  of  the 
environment  in  rural  areas  and  sustainable  agriculture  practices,  pillar  4  with  focus  on 
sustainable rural tourism as well as pillar 5 with fight against brain drain. Rural areas are also 
addressed by horizontal and cross-cutting topics that support living conditions and economic 
development  of  rural  areas  through  digitalisation  and  connectivity,  and  though  raising 
importance  of  digital  networks  (4/5 G,  optic)  in  rural  areas  making  available  digital  public 
services. 

•  Digitalisation. Under this topic the priority is to set up the network of digital innovation hubs 
in the region, while at the same time building stronger connections within the network. This 
would increase availability of digital innovation tools, such as AI and  the internet of things. 
This  will  concern  in  particular  pillar  1  with  a  focus  on  digitalisation-related  green  &  blue 
technology, pillar 2 with a focus on digitalisation in transport and energy, pillar 3 with a focus 
on digital sustainability solutions, pillar 4 with a focus on digitalisation in tourism and pillar 5 
with a focus to digitalisation in the employment. 

I.III  Governance, funding, monitoring and evaluation 

The  revised  action  plan  goes  with  the  adaptation  of  the  governance  system.  In  short,  the  main 
structures of the Strategy governance are: 

•  Governing  Board  is  a  decision-making  body  and  provides  strategic  guidance  for  the 
implementation of the action plan, to the Thematic Steering Groups, National Coordinators 
and  governance  support  structure,  decides  the  monitoring  and  evaluation  activities,  and 
assesses the progress of the implementation of the action plan. 

•  National Coordinators carry out national coordination and consolidation tasks related to the 
Strategy,  by  ensuring  links  and  coordination  with  the  relevant  administrations  and 
stakeholders,  and  present  strategic  national  positions  in  the  Strategy  governance  and 
implementation processes. 

•  The Strategy’s Youth Council is a platform for institutional involvement of young people (18-
29 years) in all governance bodies to make their ideas and viewpoints heard and considered. 
Youth will have an active role in communicating, orientating and implementing the Strategy. 
•  Thematic  Steering  Groups  coordinate  and  drive  the  implementation  work  under  their 
respective pillars. There is one Thematic Steering Group per pillar with the exception of pillar 
2, where there are two sub-groups for transport and energy. 

•  Pillar coordinators coordinate the work of the respective Thematic Steering Groups. Usually, 
for  every  Thematic  Steering  Group  the  pillar  coordination  is  shared  by  at  least  two 
coordinators,  whenever  feasible  coming  from  two  participating  countries,  one  from  an  EU 
Member State and one from an EU candidate country or San Marino. 

9 

 
 
 
 
•  The  Governance  Facility  Point  and  the  other  projects  supporting  Strategy  governance 
provide  technical  and  content  related  assistance  to  the  implementation  of  the  action  plan, 
including support to the Governing Board, National Coordinators, Thematic Steering Groups 
and  pillar  coordinators,  and  facilitate  macro-regional  (cross-pillar)  actions  and  capacity 
building for stakeholders and key implementers. The Facility Point with its four functions has 
the main supporting and coordinating role in supporting the Strategy’s governance bodies, in 
decision-making and capacity building, in communicating the Strategy and in monitoring and 
evaluation  of  the  Strategy.  The  Stakeholders’  Engagement  Point  encourages  engagement 
with  stakeholders,  supports  financial  dialogues  and  embedding  of  the  action  plan  and 
together  with  the  Strategic  Implementation  Project  supports  the  implementation  of  the 
Action Plan.  

The pillars are currently coordinated by the following participating countries: 

1.  Pillar 1: Greece, Montenegro, 
2.  Pillar 2: Italy, Serbia, North Macedonia, 
3.  Pillar 3: Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 
4.  Pillar 4: Croatia, Albania, 
5.  Pillar 5: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 

The  Strategy  does  not  have  own  financial  resources.  Funding  for  actions  and  projects  under  the 
Strategy has to come from existing financial instruments. It is of importance to mobilise and use all 
EU,  national  and  regional  programmes  and  funding  sources.  Besides  the  cohesion  policy  and  IPA 
funds  (including  Western  Balkan  Investment  Framework  initiative)1,  these  are,  as  an  example,  the 
European  Agricultural  Fund  for  Rural  Development,  the  European  Maritime,  Fisheries  and 
Aquaculture  Fund,  Horizon  Europe,  Connecting  Europe  Facility-Transport  supporting  the  Trans-
European Networks  for Transport (TEN-T), Connecting Europe  Facility-Energy supporting the  Trans-
European Networks for Energy (TEN-E), the Digital Europe, Erasmus+, and LIFE. 

Furthermore,  EU  territorial  tools  such  as  Integrated  Territorial  Investments,  Community-Led  Local 
development,  local  action  groups  under  LEADER,  ‘renewable  energy  communities’  and  ‘citizen 
energy  communities’,  smart  villages,  etc.  are  important  approaches  to  be  mobilised  by  the  revised 
Strategy. 

Other  means  are  available,  notably  from  the  European  Investment  Bank  and  other  International 
Financial Institutions. 

All  funding  sources  have  their  own  eligibility  rules,  selection  criteria  and 
implementation 
arrangements.  The  managing  authorities  of  EU  funding  programmes  play  an  important  role  by 
ensuring the embedding of the actions of the revised action plan into their programmes and projects. 
This requires close and long-term cooperation with the managing authorities through establishment 
IPA  Coordinators.  National 
of  operational  networks  of  managing  authorities  and  National 
Coordinators  and members  of  Thematic  Steering  Groups  cooperate  with  managing  authorities  and 

1   The  Western  Balkans  Investment  Framework  is  a  joint  initiative  of  the  EU,  financial  institutions,  bilateral 
donors  (Austria,  Croatia,  France,  Germany,  Italy,  Luxembourg  and  Norway)  and  beneficiaries  (Western 
Balkans  countries),  aimed  at  enhancing  harmonisation  and  cooperation  in  investments  for  the  socio-
economic development of the region and contributing to the European perspective of the Western Balkans. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
NIPACs  at  the  national  level,  with  other  National  Coordinators  on  the  strategic  level,  and  with 
members of the Thematic Steering Groups on the operational level. 

I.IV  Action plan as rolling implementation tool 

Operationally the action plan revisions should be aligned with the Multiannual Financial Framework 
programming to  provide  agreements  on  macro-regional  thematic  priorities  to be  embedded  in  the 
new programmes. In between revisions adjustments to the action plan are still possible. 

The rolling character of the action plan provides all pillars and topics the chance to further develop 
and fine-tune their actions in the years to come, to be able to better respond to changing contexts 
and possible new crises, challenges and opportunities. The revised action plan is a ‘rolling document’, 
which implies that the Governing Board and Thematic Steering Groups should remain attentive and 
adopt appropriate actions if there is a need for adaptation. 

Based  on  results  of  monitoring  and  evaluation,  Commission  reports  and  observed  trends  in  the 
region, the Thematic Steering Groups might propose readjustments of existing topics and/or actions 
or even new topics and/or actions to the action plan. When duly justified, the Governing Board will 
approve such changes. 

In addition, as a rule, and where appropriate, the Thematic Steering Groups, in cooperation with the 
National  Coordinators,  Revision  Working  Group  and  Governing  Board,  must  undertake  efforts  to 
strengthen the focus and targeting of the  pillars, also considering the integration of horizontal and 
cross-cutting issues into the actions – rather than at the level of topics – where appropriate. Based 
on  the  more  focused  pillars,  this  will  also  include  setting  appropriate  measurable  indicators  and 
targets that can measure whether the  Strategy  is getting closer to the specific objectives.  The  new 
indicators  can  take  inspiration  from  past  monitoring  reports  and  evaluations  of  the  Strategy,  the 
indicators used in other macro-regional strategies as well as the indicators for cohesion policy or IPA 
programmes set out in the regulations. The proposal for the strengthened focus and targeting of the 
pillars will be adopted by the Governing Board. 

I.V  Organisation of the action plan 

Besides  the  horizontal  and  cross-cutting  topics  already  described  in  this  first  chapter,  the  revised 
action  plan  is  structured  to  reflect  the  five  pillars  as  well  as  the  topics  selected  under  each  pillar. 
Accordingly, the action plan incorporates the following features: 

•  Pillars  address  the  core  challenges  and  opportunities  identified  as  being  of  central 
importance for the  Adriatic-Ionian  region. They are at the  core of the  revised  Strategy  and 
are essential to the success of its work, and how it is communicated. 

•  Topics  under  each  pillar  represent  the  main  areas  in  which  the  macro-regional  Strategy 
brings added value. For each topic, the revised action plan presents the issue and indicates 
what specific contribution it will bring. 

•  Actions under each topic are the interventions which the Strategy governance structures and 
stakeholders plan to carry out  to  address the set objectives and targets. These include  e.g. 
new  approaches,  increased  coordination  in  policy  making,  policy  reviews,  support  to  a 
process already underway, and networking initiatives. The Thematic Steering Groups assisted 
by  the  governance  support  structure  will  translate  the  actions  into  concrete  project 
development processes and together with stakeholders bring added value to the region. 

11 

 
 
 
 
1. Pillar 1 –Blue Sustainable Economy 

The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  is  rich  in  natural  resources  and  biodiversity.  However,  it  remains 
vulnerable  to  natural  disasters,  overexploitation  of  natural  capital  and  resources  and  pollution. 
Sustainable  fisheries  and  aquaculture  are  important  sectors  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  not  only 
due to their economic and ecological contributions, but also due to social and cultural traditions. This 
concerns seas, coastal areas, islands, lake areas and transitional waters, river areas, and catchment 
areas of important water bodies (e.g. the whole hydrosphere). 

Marine  and  maritime  services  encompass  a  wide  range  of  activities,  including  shipping,  port 
management,  coastal tourism,  biotechnology,  fisheries,  aquaculture,  environmental  protection  and 
restoration,  or  research,  among others.  These  activities  are major  drivers  of economic  growth,  job 
creation  and  trade  facilitation  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  and  often  constitute  and  include  cross-
pillar  issues.  The  blue  sustainable  economy  encompasses  a  spectrum  of  endeavours,  including 
activities that are both land-based and marine-based, such as fish processing, sensor manufacturing 
and creating value  from  fish by-products and unavoidable unwanted catches. It  is also significantly 
influenced by the dynamic interaction between land and sea at the coastal interface, influenced by 
factors like riverine inputs and human activities. Nonetheless, it is important to  recognise that blue 
economy  value  chains  will  invariably  involve  some  form  of  application,  utilisation,  or  reliance  on 
marine and coastal environments, resources, or data. 

To  fulfil  these  aims,  many  challenges  must  be  overcome.  First,  there  are  imbalances  in  innovative 
capacity,  access  to  knowledge  and  research  networks.  There  are  also  considerable  differences  in 
access  to  funding  and  administrative  capacity,  especially  between  EU  and  candidate  countries. 
Candidate countries are often limited by the lack of support schemes and by obsolete technologies, 
which  restrain  their  research,  development  and  innovation  potential.  Overexploitation  of  natural 
resources  is  one  other  main  challenge,  leaving  the  local  fauna  in  danger,  and  polluting  the 
environment  with  an  excess  of  nutrients,  pesticides  and  antibiotics.  This  also  includes  the  lack  of 
effective waste management, which can result in the accumulation of large amounts of marine litter 
in the region. Moreover, the Adriatic-Ionian region, like the whole Mediterranean is highly exposed 
and sensitive to the effects of climate change. 

The Strategy sets out to further promote the sustainable and responsible use of its natural resources, 
ensuring  its  conscious  exploration  and  the  creation  of  added  value.  It  aims  to  develop  innovative 
technologies,  to  strengthen  the  regional  market  by  enhancing  cooperation  and  clustering  in  the 
region,  as  well  as  stakeholder  involvement  and  interrelation  of  businesses,  and  to  increase 
competitiveness in related sectors both in coastal and inland areas always preserving and improving 
the  environmental  condition  of  the  sea,  coasts  and inland  waters  (rivers  and  lakes).  All  of  this will 
help to ensure comparable production and common and shared environmental standards across the 
entire region, and in compliance with the EU acquis. 

In addition, this strategic framework outlines a comprehensive approach to address the challenges, 
capitalise on the opportunities, restore ocean and coastal ecosystems, and promote the adoption of 
blue  and  green  technologies  in  the  whole  maritime  and  inland  water  bodies,  sustainable  and 
competitive  fisheries  and  aquaculture  and  maritime  and  marine  governance  and  services  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region.  Achieving  these  objectives  will  require  collaboration  among  governments, 
local communities, industry stakeholders, the Academic and Research Communities and international 

12 

 
 
 
 
organisations  to  safeguard  the  region’s  marine  and  freshwater  resources  and  promote  economic 
development. 

Over  the  past  few  years,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  has  gained  experience  in  successful  macro-
regional cooperation, especially thanks to the networks of the largest ports of the region, of research 
institutions,  of  business  organisation  and  clusters,  and  of  regional  authorities.  This  pillar  provides 
continuation for these networks and addresses the region’s challenges by promoting further forms of 
cooperation. This includes the facilitation of cooperation and networking between national and EU-
funded research and innovation activities and the development of regional innovation communities. 
The Strategy supports the coordination of policies aimed at science and research and promotes the 
use  of  EU  instruments  to  support  research  and  innovation  in  blue  and  green  technologies.  It  also 
promotes research collaboration, joint projects and sharing of research infrastructure. 

Energy  is  a  major  cost  item  in  EU  fisheries  and  aquaculture.  The  recent  energy  crisis  has  hit  the 
aquatic  food  sector  hard,  notably  because  of  increased  marine  diesel  prices,  exposing  one  of  its 
major  vulnerabilities:  high  dependency  on  fossil  fuels.  A  move  towards  alternative  energy  sources 
would not only address this vulnerability but also contribute to the objectives of the European Green 
Deal  and  the  EU’s  commitment  to  become  climate-neutral.  On  21 February  2023,  the  European 
Commission  published  a  ‘fisheries  and  oceans’  package,  which  includes  an  action  plan  on 
decarbonising  and  enhancing  the  sustainability  of  EU  fisheries  and  aquaculture.  The  plan  outlines 
two  change  directions:  to  increase  energy  efficiency  in  the  short  to  medium  term  while  gradually 
switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. 

Pillar 1 focuses on three topics: 

1.  To  strengthen  blue  and  green  technologies,  by  promoting synergies  and  networking of  regional 
relevant and useful research, development and innovation activities as well as supporting initiatives 
and  cooperation  between  regional  innovation  ecosystems,  initiatives  and  smart  specialisation 
strategies. 

2. To strengthen sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, through networking policy practices, business 
practices, research findings and other important assets (in maritime and lake environments) in the 
Adriatic-Ionian region. 

3. Supporting maritime and marine governance and services, to make better use of the skills that are 
available and equip people with new skills (including soft skills) that are needed. 

1.1 

Topic – Blue and green technologies 

Global  objectives.  Blue  and  green  technologies  are  essential  for  the  transition  to  a  competitive, 
climate-neutral and resilient sustainable economy, i.e. the implementation of the EU Green Deal and 
the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans. This involves the promotion of research, innovation and 
business  opportunities  in  sustainable  blue  economy  sectors,  by  strengthening  quadruple  helix  ties 
and  synergies  among  ongoing  initiatives  and  projects  in  the  region.  The  focus  goes  beyond  the 
immediate marine and maritime areas; it also involves other natural habitats such as rivers, lakes and 
transitional waters, including the flora and fauna therein. It also targets the exploitation of the not 
yet (fully) utilised potentials which contribute to a sustainable technology and economic transitions 
regardless of where they are located. 

13 

 
 
 
 
Strategy objectives. The evolution of the marine and maritime sector and the growing importance of 
water  as  a  key  resource  for  sustainability  require  a  unified  approach  at  the  Strategy  level.  To 
promote research, innovation and business opportunities for the marine and maritime technologies 
and  blue  biotechnology,  there  is  a  need  to  strengthen  synergies  among  initiatives  and  funding 
programmes active in the area and cooperation between EU Member states and candidate countries. 
The overall objective is to maximise progress in research, technological development and innovation 
to help solve societal challenges by creating synergies between smart specialisation approaches and 
strengthening the quadruple helix ties between research units, business support organisations, SME 
and sector-specific business associations and clusters in the field of green and blue  technologies in 
the region. This may also involve improving shipbuilding technology to strengthen green shipbuilding. 
This involves promoting 

• 

synergies and networking to jointly work for relevant research, development and innovation 
activities and initiatives; 

•  networking  and  cooperation  between  macro-regional  innovation  systems,  initiatives  and 

smart specialisation strategies of the Adriatic-Ionian region; 

•  macro-regional innovation collaboration and investments; 
•  exchanges between the business sector and the research world; 
• 

support  blue-green  SMEs  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  to  develop  favourable  framework 
conditions for their internationalisation through cooperation and access to finance for SMEs 
as well as the promotion of start-ups and SME growth and development. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, and the below mentioned challenges and opportunities, the activities 
under this topic aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

enhancing  stable  and  formal  collaborations  between  Adriatic-Ionian  region 
innovation 
ecosystems  regarding  green  and  blue  (bio)  technologies,  leading  to  an  increased  number  of 
patents in the fields of blue and green growth; 
increased shares of economic activity and returns in sectors related to blue and green growth as 
well as increased use of blue and green novel technologies to safeguard and restore the aquatic 
environment and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the maritime, fisheries and 
aquaculture sectors in global markets; and 
stronger networks among relevant players in the Adriatic-Ionian region concerning research on 
green  and  blue  technologies,  leading  to  more  intensive  research  and  public-  and  private 
collaborations  and  networks  in  the  field,  and  increased  numbers  of  players  from  the  Adriatic-
Ionian region involved in Horizon Europe projects. 

1.1.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

The above objectives, based on an analysis of the opportunities and challenges below, illustrate that 
the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and opportunities which the revised 
action plan aims to address. 

14 

 
 
 
 
Opportunities: 

•  Capitalising  on  Adriatic-Ionian  regions,  which  are  among  the  fastest  growing  innovation 

performers in the EU. 

•  Collaboration  between  lagging  regions  and  more  developed  regions  can  improve  and 

facilitate knowledge transfer, technological upgrading and entrepreneurship. 

•  Easier  access  to  finance  can  promote  innovative  companies  and  start-ups  for  marine  and 

maritime technologies and blue biotechnology. 

•  Developing competitive macro-regional platforms for an enhanced collaborative  ecosystem 
for  research,  innovation,  entrepreneurship,  where  SMEs  can  foster  the  development  of 
existing  Research,  Development  and  Innovation  cooperation  in  the  different  technology 
fields through with strategic and complementary actions that would have a stronger impact 
and more scalable results. 

•  Explore  possibilities  to  link  marine  and  maritime  technologies  and  biotechnologies  with 
landlocked  countries,  and  to  link  with  scientific  activities  in  the  internal  waters  such  as  in 
rivers and lakes. 

Challenges: 

• 
Increasing disparities in innovation performance between EU and candidate countries. 
• 
Lagging regions underrepresented in competitive programmes such as Horizon Europe. 
•  Asymmetries in common connecting and exploiting synergies between landlocked countries 

• 

and countries with access to the sea, and thus in finding common goals. 
Insufficient  support  in  terms  of  funding  and  marketing  operations,  lack  of  specific  national 
policies  and/or  legislation  under  which  blue  (bio)  technologies  could  be  developed  and 
implemented, 

•  Fragmentation of the sector, lack of established blue biotech value chains, underdeveloped 

• 

• 

collaboration between science-industry-policy makers. 
In candidate countries, only few research groups and networks are actively involved in this 
sector and generally they are not specialised in blue (bio) technologies. 
Lack of cooperation and networking between research institutions and the private sector of 
marine  and  maritime  technology  enterprises,  and  the  common  use  of  resources  for 
developing certain products with common standards. 

1.1.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised action 
plan in the following manner: 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  The  activities  will  help  the  candidate  countries  to  better  integrate  with  EU 
Member  States  in  the  field  of  research  and  innovation  related  to  blue  and  green  economy 
and  technology.  More  specifically,  the  enlargement  activities  are  related  to  the  EU  acquis 
Chapters  3  (right  of  establishment  and  freedom  to  provide  services),  6  (company  law),  7 
(intellectual  property  law),  8  (competition),  18  (statistics),  20  (enterprise  and  industrial 
policy),  22  (regional  policy  and  coordination  of  structural  instruments),  25  (science  and 

15 

 
 
 
 
research),  26  (education  and  culture),  27  (environment),  28  (consumer  and  health 
protection). 

• 

•  Capacity  building.  The  activities  have  a  strong  research  and  innovation  focus  which 
subsequently will contribute to increasing capacities among relevant players in the region. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  activities  are  directly  targeted  to  strengthening  innovation 
ecosystems  and  research  in  accordance  with  respective  smart  specialisation  communities 
with  aim  of  building  macro-regional  S3s  on  sustainable  blue  economy  and  green 
technologies. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  Blue  and  green  technologies  are  important enabling  components of  the 
circular economy and of the ecological transition. Using developed and new system business 
models/initiatives 
support 
implementation of the circular economy and value chains development. 

in  participating  countries 

(such  as  Climate-KIC)2 

to 

•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  include  an  explicit  link  to  green  rural 
development  activities.  However,  some  of  the  activities  related  to  aquaculture and  coastal 
bioeconomy  can  contribute  to  the  regeneration  of  some  rural  areas.  Building  on  smart 
community/village concept to support sustainable development of the rural areas using also 
green and blue technologies. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  will  be  supported  e.g.  through  activities  related  to  the 
development  of  favourable  framework  conditions  for  the  adoption  of  technological  and 
digital solutions in the field of blue and green growth; the strengthening of digital innovation 
hubs  will  facilitate  cooperation  and  networking  between  national  and  EU-funded  research 
and innovation initiatives. 

•  Nature preservation and restoration. Any economic development must be sustainable. This 
implies  decoupling  the  use  of  natural  resources  from  economic  growth,  tackling  climate 
change,  biodiversity  loss  and  pollution.  This  must  be  the  priority  of  all  actions,  with 
environmental impacts being duly monitored. 

1.1.3 

Action  –  Building  Adriatic-Ionian  region  innovation  systems  that  will  promote 
research and innovation networks in green and blue technologies 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Building Adriatic-Ionian region innovation ecosystems that will promote research 
and innovation networks in green and blue technologies 
•  Developing  Adriatic-Ionian 

(increasing 
participation  in  EU  competitive  programmes,  possibilities  for  innovation  up-
scaling,  better  match  of  innovative  sustainable  services  and  products  with 
demand, etc.). 

innovation  communities 

region 

•  Developing  and/or  strengthening  cooperation  between  smart  specialisation 

2   EIT Climate-KIC is an Europe’s leading climate innovation agency and community, supporting cities, regions, 
countries  and  industries  to  meet  their  climate  ambitions  through  systems  innovation  and  place-based 
transformations. For further details, please refer to https://www.climate-kic.org/. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
strategies  and  thematic  smart  specialisation  partnerships, 
innovation investments, and cooperation. 

interregional 

•  Supporting regional partnerships to develop, connect or make complementary 
use  of  testing  and  demonstration  facilities  in  shared  smart  specialisation 
priority areas. 

•  Cooperation to develop favourable framework conditions for technological and 

digital solutions in the field of blue and green growth. 

•  Coordination  of  science  and  research  policies  to  create  a  common  research 

and innovation area. 

•  Develop  favourable  support  policies  to  facilitate  the  transfer  of  knowledge 

from research to application/innovation. 

•  Promote  research  collaboration  on  blue  and  green  technologies  as  part  of  a 

circular economy. 

•  Promote  joint  projects  and  sharing  of  research  infrastructure  for  common 

projects. 

•  Support  the  promotion  of  EIT  Regional  Innovation  Scheme3,  Horizon  EU 
Missions,  the  European  Maritime,  Fisheries  and  Aquaculture  Fund  and  other 
EU  instruments  to  support  research  and  innovation  in  blue  and  green 
technologies. 

•  Facilitate  the  cooperation  and  networking  between  national  and  EU-funded 
research  and  innovation  initiatives  (digital  innovation  hubs,  Knowledge  and 
Innovation Communities, clusters, etc.). 
Promote Green Shipbuilding technologies. 
•  Lack of interregional innovation cooperation. 
•  Insufficient  support  in  terms  of  funding  and  marketing  operations,  lack  of 
specific  national  policies  and/or  legislation  under  which  blue  and  green 
technologies could be developed. 

•  Lack of the cooperation and networking between research institutions and the 
private  sector  of  marine  and  maritime  technology  enterprises,  and  the 
common  use  of  resources  for  developing  certain  products  with  common 
standards. 

•  Capitalising  on  Adriatic-Ionian  regions,  which  are  among  the  EU  fastest 

growing innovation performers. 

•  Promotion  of  collaboration  between  lagging  regions  and  more  developed 
regions can improve and facilitate knowledge transfer, technological upgrading 
and entrepreneurship. 

•  Challenges to link biotechnologies with landlocked countries, and to link with 

scientific activities in those countries. 

•  Lack  of  access  to  finance  for  innovative  companies  and  start-ups  for  marine 

and maritime technologies and blue biotechnology.  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 

•  Digital Innovation Hubs, Knowledge and Innovation Communities and clusters 

focusing on green and blue technologies created*, **, P1F1. 

•  Improved  Research,  Development  and  Innovation  and  cooperation  among 

3   The  EIT  Regional  Innovation  Scheme  is  a  joint  initiative  by  the  European  Institute  of  Innovation  & 
Technology  to  boost  innovation  capacities  across Europe, based  on  the European  Innovation  Scoreboard. 
For further details, please refer to https://eit-ris.eu/. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
of the action? 

SMEs and between SMEs, large enterprises and research centres operating in 
the Adriatic-Ionian region*, P1F1. 

•  Increased networking between researchers, SMEs and clusters*, P1F1. 
•  Increased joint research papers and number of researchers exchanged within 

the macro-region*, P1F1. 

•  Access to finance and promotion of the creation of start-ups has improved P1F1. 
•  Enhanced collaborative networks among relevant players in the Adriatic-Ionian 
region  concerning  innovation  and  research  on  green  and  blue  technologies*, 
P1F1. 

•  Increase in innovation investments on the macro-regional level P1F1. 
•  Enhanced digital transition and strengthening digital innovation hubs**. 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Under  the  flagship  FOSTERING  QUADRUPLE  HELIX  TIES  IN  THE  FIELD  OF  MARINE 
AND  MARITIME  TECHNOLOGIES  AND  BLUE  BIO-TECHNOLOGIES  FOR  ADVANCING 
INNOVATION, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND BUSINESS ADAPTATION IN THE BLUE 
BIOECONOMY, the following strategic projects were developed so far: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
•  AimFrish  -  Evaluating  freshness  and  authenticity  with  real-time  non-
destructive  methods  to  increase  the  value  added  of  fish  produced  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian macro-region. 

•  SeaSusPack - Sustainable packaging of fish and aquatic food based on marine 

bioresources. 

•  AMOS  -  Developing  a  cost  –  effective  observatory  system,  tailored  to  the 
needs  of  aquacultures  with  remote  access,  real-time  data  and  forecast 
capabilities. 

Cross-pillar strategic projects 
•  BLUECULTURE  -  Development  of  a  macro-regional  cluster  on  BlueCulture 
Technologies  and  creation  of  an  International  Competence  Centre  (Pillars  1 
and 4). 

•  WAI-TP: WATERBORNE - Adriatic-Ionian Technology Platform (Pillars 1 and 2) 

Indicators 

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
Strategy 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Pilot actions 
developed jointly and 
implemented in project 
ideas 

OI: No. of new project 
ideas supported to 
mature into projects 
ready for submission 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 84 
Interreg: Pilot 
actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

0 p.a. (2023) 

10 (2030) 

TSG monitoring 
system 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RI: Innovations enabled 
(number of new 
products, services, 
processes, business 
models or methods) 

RI: Jointly developed 
solutions (number of 
new products, services, 
processes, business 
models or methods) 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

RCO 116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

*: Horizontal topic expected result/target of the action 
**: Cross-cutting topic expected result/target of the action 
P1F1: Pillar 1 Flagship 1 for Topic 1.1. 

1.2 

Topic – Fisheries and aquaculture 

Global  objectives.  Sustainable  aquaculture  and  fisheries  management  is  a  central  part  of  a 
sustainable regional development, especially in coastal areas and rural regions. 

The  aim  of  the  Common  Fisheries  Policy  is  to  ensure  that  fishing  and  aquaculture  activities  are 
environmentally sustainable in the long-term and are managed in a way that is consistent with the 
objectives  of  achieving  economic,  social  and  employment  benefits,  and  of  contributing  to  the 
availability of food supplies4 and food security. Aquaculture and fisheries represent critical sectors in 
the  Adriatic-Ionian’s  economy  and  their  responsible  management  is  vital  to  ensure  long-term 
environmental,  social  and  economic  viability  as  they  have  the  potential  to  drive  economic  growth 
and create job opportunities in the region. The Strategy aims to harness these sectors for the benefit 
of local economies and ensure a consistent supply of aquatic food products to meet the region’s food 
security  needs  and  envisions  a  future  where  aquaculture  and  fisheries  are  sustainable, 
environmentally responsible and, social and economically beneficial. 

Strategy  objectives.  The  overall  objective  is  to  support  cooperation  efforts  aiming  at  networking 
policy practices, business practices, research findings and other important assets to strengthen the 
fisheries and aquaculture sectors (in maritime and inland environments) in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

In  the  region,  fisheries  and  aquaculture  are  an  integral  part  of  the  cultural,  social  and  economic 
fabric. However,  several challenges  have  emerged that have  changed the approach for sustainable 
and competitive fisheries and aquaculture. In fisheries, catch levels are lower compared to decades 
ago; this has led to restrictions and common management measures. Increasing human pressures on 
the  marine  environment  and  demographic  changes  have  also  produced  changes 
in  the 
predominantly  small-scale  fisheries  of  the  region.  On  the  other  hand,  aquaculture  production  has 
grown  in  the  past  decades  compared  to  fisheries.  Although  the  growth  in  aquaculture  might  be 
comparatively slower than in some other countries globally, it remains a valuable component of the 
region’s  aquatic  food  industry.  Aquaculture  offers  several  benefits,  including  the  production  of 

4   According  to  Article 1  of  Regulation  (EU)  No  1380/2013,  the  Common  Fisheries  Policy  covers:  (a)  the 
conservation  of  marine  biological  resources  and  the  management  of  fisheries  and  fleets  exploiting  such 
resources  and  (b)  in  relation  to  measures  on  markets  and  financial  measures  in  support  of  the 
implementation  of  the  policy:  fresh  water  biological  resources,  aquaculture,  and  the  processing  and 
marketing of fisheries and aquaculture products. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
nutritious and high-quality aquatic food products, which are vital for food security and a healthy diet. 
Furthermore,  it  contributes  to  employment  opportunities,  bolstering  the  regional  economy  and 
livelihoods.  Additionally, certain  types  of  aquaculture  can  provide  climate-mitigation  services  (such 
as  carbon  sequestration), climate-adaptation  services  (such  as  nature-based  coastal  protection), or 
ecosystem services (such as ponds or wetlands). This type of aquaculture should be promoted. There 
is  a  need  for  action  to  build  upon  existing  fishery  and  aquaculture  resources  in  order  to  ensure  a 
sustainable, resilient, and competitive future. 

Sustainable  aquaculture  and  fisheries  management  covering  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian  Seas  and 
relevant  inland  waters  involves  the  coordination  of  many  inter-sectoral  and  transboundary  issues 
and  responsibilities  for  better  management  of  the  natural  resources.  Effective  and  better  fisheries 
management  at  the  sea  and  relevant  inland  waters  requires  strong  coordination  between  the 
different  macro-regional  strategies.  In  this  context,  close  collaboration  of  relevant  envisaged 
activities  for  inland  waters,  which  have  been  identified  in  the  Danube  macro-regional  strategy 
(EUSDR) is required to avoid duplication. 

Strategy  actions  under  this  topic  are  also  related  to  other  pillars,  in  particular  activities  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region  promoting:  a)  sustainable  maritime  governance  and  spatial  planning;  b) 
circularity  in  fishery and  aquaculture  activities,  c)  green maritime  transport  and  ports;  d)  maritime 
clusters  set  up  as  an  innovative  enabler  for  a  sustainable  blue  (bio)  economy  and  e)  sustainable 
maritime, coastal, and rivers and lake tourism. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, challenges and opportunities, the activities under this topic aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

developing a more sustainable, resilient and competitive fishery industry in the Adriatic-Ionian 
region, including a regional fisheries information system; 
developing  a  more  sustainable,  resilient  and  competitive  aquaculture  sector  in  the  Adriatic-
Ionian  region,  including  both  marine,  freshwater  and  land-based  aquaculture,  and  growing 
volumes of Adriatic-Ionian aquaculture products on the market; 
better fisheries management measures, sustainable exploitation of fish stocks, improvement of 
data  collection  and  fish  stock  assessment,  harmonisation  with  EU  regulations  &  international 
organisations; 
sustainable  growth  of  a  more  efficient  and  circular  aquaculture  production,  capitalising  on 
innovation, digitalisation, and knowledge sharing; 
support  and  encourage  the  adoption  of  sustainable  sourcing  standards  for  aquaculture  and 
fisheries stocks through the use of standards such as the Marine Stewardship Council, Seafood 
Watch for Aquaculture and others. 

1.2.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Growing demand and market prices for fishery products. 

20 

 
 
 
 
•  Under  the  umbrella  of  the  General  Fisheries  Commission  for  the  Mediterranean, 
coordination  efforts  and  joint  multiannual  fisheries  management  are  being  organised  to 
avert overfishing and the decrease of stocks and they are showing encouraging results. 

•  Establishment of marine protected areas, other effective area-based conservation measures 
and/or Ecological and Fishery Protection Zones, like the Jabuka/Pomo Pit area in the Central 
Adriatic,  to  protect  valuable  marine  habitats,  preserve  the  marine  biodiversity  and  ensure 
the long-term health of fish stocks. 

•  Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture value chains are well developed in the Adriatic-Ionian 

region and they contribute to the socio-economic fabric of the region. 

•  Further explore and tap into the role of fishery operators for the conservation of the sea. 
•  Small-scale coastal fishing has a pivotal role in regional development of coastal regions, as it 

is key for other areas of development (e.g. employment, environment, tourism). 

•  Huge  potential  to  diversify  fisheries  and  further  explore  the  link  between  fisheries, 
aquaculture, wildlife watching, recreational activities, and tourism which have not yet been 
explored extensively. 

•  Sustainable aquaculture production continues to grow due to high demand and restrictions 
to traditional fishing, with a positive role for farmed aquaculture products for environmental 
sustainability and food security (including micro and macroalgae). 

•  The Adriatic-Ionian region has several freshwater resources, with numerous lakes and rivers, 

which can be explored for sustainable use (fisheries, aquaculture, tourism activities). 

•  Setup  a  maritime  spatial  planning  to  accommodate  green  and  blue  maritime  activities, 
Allocated Zones for Aquaculture, renewable energy production, marine protected areas and 
improve and align the legal framework for such investments. Missing data concerning some 
fish stock assessments. 

•  Compliance with existing regulations leading to the need to renovate and restructure fishing 
fleets  and  to  improve  fishing  gear  efficiency  and  sustainability;  for  example,  through 
selectivity and new, less polluting engines. 

Challenges: 

•  The situation of some exploited stocks in the Adriatic-Ionian needs close monitoring. 
• 

Lack  of  coordinated  and  agreed  solutions  to  reduce  overfishing  (e.g.  fishing  quotas, 
expanding recreational fishing, maritime and river-based tourism). 
Lack of compliance, data quality and well as monitoring, control, inspections and surveillance 
capacity in some Adriatic-Ionian countries. 
Lack of monitoring throughout the region with regards to assessment and implementation of 
fishery management  plans  that  are  introduced  to  achieve  maximum  sustainable  yields and 
resource conservation. 
Lack  of  coordinated  restoration/protection  activities  on  freshwater  resources  to  ensure 
healthy and sustainable freshwater ecosystems. 
Low  rate  of  adaptation  to  institutionalised  spatial  planning:  existing  areas  designated  for 
aquaculture  are  fully  occupied,  and  conflicts  with  other  uses  (e.g.  tourism)  provide  limited 
spatial possibilities for coastal marine aquaculture development. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

•  Negative  effects  on  the  environment  and  ecosystems  through  some  human  (aquaculture, 

tourism, etc) activities that are not environmentally sustainable. 

21 

 
 
 
 
•  High  levels  of  pollution  in  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian  Seas  and  freshwater  ecosystems  due  to 

• 

marine litter, microplastic, pesticides, antibiotics, excess of nutrients, etc. 
Low  level  of  skills,  education,  and  knowledge  in  traditional  small-scale  fisheries,  in  the  fish 
processing value chain and in the aquaculture sector. This includes low level of adaptation to 
new business concepts/activities and digitalisation. 

•  Complex  and  not  harmonised  processes  for  licences  and  authorisation  of  fisheries, 

aquaculture and land-based fish-farming installations across the region. 

•  Climate  change  results  in  sea  warming  that  promotes  the  migration  and  installation  of 
Invasive Alien Species to the Adriatic-Ionian latitudes that outcompete or even drive endemic 
species to extinction. 

1.2.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The activities help the candidate countries to better integrate with EU Member 
States in EU fishery policies and compliance of candidate countries with the EU acquis in the 
fields  of  fisheries,  environmental  protection,  training  and  education.  In  more  detail,  the 
enlargement activities are related to the EU acquis Chapters 8 (competition), 12 (food safety 
and veterinary policy), 13 (Fisheries), 18 (statistics), 20 (enterprise and industrial policy), 25 
(science  and  research),  26  (education  and  culture),  27  (environment),  28  (consumer  and 
health protection). 

•  Capacity  building.  The  activities  have  a  strong  focus  on  capacity  building  and  training  e.g. 
related  to  diversifying  activities  for  fishers,  sustainability,  new  technology  and  practices  as 
well as funding opportunities in the fields of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  activities  include  a  number  of  proposals  related  to  research 
projects,  technological  pilots,  capacity  building  and  investments  regarding  e.g.  the  use  of 
aquaculture  products  (fish,  algae  etc.)  for  other  purposes  (pharmacy,  cosmetics,  etc.)  and 
new fish products and new species in aquaculture. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  Sustainable  fisheries  and  aquaculture  are  sectors  which  are  directly 

relevant for the transition to a circular economy. 

•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  include  an  explicit  link  to  green  rural 
development  activities.  However,  some  of  the  activities  will  be  related  to  better  using  the 
resources of rural areas. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  can  be  supported  e.g.  through  activities  related  to 
digitalisation in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, e.g. from harvest to distribution using 
Internet of things, data science, digital monitoring systems and predictive microbiology. 

•  Nature restoration. [see above, previous section]. 

22 

 
 
 
 
1.2.3 

Action  –  Sustainable,  resilient  and  competitive  fisheries  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian 
region 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Sustainable, resilient and competitive fisheries in the Adriatic-Ionian region 

•  Exchange of experiences and coordinated activities to reduce overfishing and 
support the harmonisation of integrated management and monitoring efforts. 
•  Take  preparatory  actions  to  develop  an  Adriatic-Ionian  region  small-scale 

fisheries Strategy to encourage networking of fishing associations. 

•  Creating  an  Adriatic-Ionian  region  inter-branch  network  bringing  together 

players form the fish value chain. 

•  Improving resilience of small-scale fisheries due to climate change and human 

pressures. 

•  Cooperation  in  research  projects,  technological  pilots,  capacity  building  and 

investments. 

•  Best  practice  sharing,  capacity  building  and  coordination  of  activities  to 

diversify activities for fishermen. 

•  Gather  knowledge  and  share  best  practices  on  digitalisation  of  the  fisheries 
sector,  e.g.  from  harvest  to  distribution  using  the  Internet  of  Things,  data 
science, and predictive microbiology. 

•  Developing a catalogue of skills (including soft skills) and contents for training 

and capacity building for fisheries professionals: 
o 

improved monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, including the use of 
advanced  technology  and  increased  surveillance,  to  combat  Illegal, 
unreported and unregulated fishing; 
introducing  innovative  and  more  selective  fishing  gears  and  practices  to 
minimise bycatch and implementing effective discards reduction; 
enhanced  occupational  safety  standards  and  improved  social  welfare 
programmes  for workers  in  the  fisheries  and  aquaculture  sector,  leading 
to increased job attractiveness and retention; 
increased  awareness  and  engagement  of 
in 
conservation  efforts,  leading  to  the  protection  and  preservation  of  rare 
and migratory fish species in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

local  communities 

o 

o 

o 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

•  Lack of coordinated and agreed solutions to reduce overfishing. 
•  Missing data concerning the fish stock assessment. 
•  Lack of monitoring of the application of fishery management plans in order to 

achieve maximum sustainable yields and resource conservation. 

•  Urgent need to renovate and restructure the fishing fleets and to improve the 

fishing gear. 

•  Improve  the  knowledge  of  the  ecological  dynamics  between  small-scale 

fisheries and protected species and habitats, alien species included. 

•  Lack  of  coordinated  restoration/protection  activities  on  freshwater  resources 

to ensure healthy and sustainable freshwater habitats. 

•  Low  level of skills, education, and contemporary knowledge  in the traditional 
small-scale  fisheries,  in  the  fish  processing  value  chain  including  low  level  of 
adaptation to new businesses concepts/activities and digitalisation. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

•  Lack of a more effective harmonisation with the EU regulatory framework. 
•  Need to achieve compliance of candidate countries with the EU acquis in the 

field of fisheries, environmental protection, training and education etc. 

•  A more sustainable, resilient and competitive fisheries industry in the Adriatic-

Ionian region*, P1F2. 

•  Less polluted Adriatic and Ionian Seas and freshwater resources*, **. 
•  Better management and sustainable exploitation of fish stocksP1F2. 
•  Improvement of data collection and fish stock assessment P1F2. 
•  Improved  fisheries  management  &  harmonisation  with  EU  regulations  & 

international organisations*, P1F2. 

•  Compliance  &  implementation  of  measures  to  combat  illegal,  unreported, 

unregulated fisheries and elimination of destructive fishing practices P1F2. 

•  Use  of  fish  by-products,  unwanted  and  unavoidable  catches  and  discards*,  **, 

P1F2. 

•  Plans to improve professional skills of fishermen*, P1F2. 
•  Digitalisation in the fisheries sector**. 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

the  Fisheries  Sector 

Under  the  flagship  ‘Promoting  Sustainability,  Diversification  and  Competitiveness 
through  Education,  Research  &  Development, 
in 
Administrative,  Technological  and  Marketing  Actions,  including  the  Promotion  of 
Initiatives  on  Marketing  Standards  and  Healthy  Nutritional  Habits’  the  following 
strategic projects were developed so far: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
•  FishTourAIR - Fishing tourism and ichthyology tourism diversification activities 

in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  AimFrish - Evaluating freshness and authenticity with real-time non-destructive 
methods  to  increase  the  value  added  of  fish  produced  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian 
macro-region. 

•  SeaSusPack - Sustainable packaging of fish and aquatic food based on marine 

bioresources. 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Pilot actions 
developed jointly and 
implemented in project 
ideas 

OI: No. of new project 
ideas supported to 
mature into projects 
ready for submission 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 84 
Interreg: Pilot 
actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

0 p.a. (2023) 

10 (2030) 

TSG monitoring 
system 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RI: Solutions taken up or 
up-scaled by 
organisations 

RCR 104 
Interreg: 
Solutions taken 
up or up-scaled 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

MA monitoring 
system / survey 

*: Horizontal topic expected result/target of the action 
**: Cross-cutting topic expected result/target of the action 
P1F2: Pillar 1 Flagship 2 for Topic 1.2, Action 1.2.1. 

1.2.4 

Action  –  Sustainable,  resilient  and  competitive  aquaculture  in  the  Adriatic-
Ionian region 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Sustainable, resilient and competitive aquaculture in the Adriatic-Ionian region 

•  Cooperation and joint actions to reduce complexity of legal and administrative 

frameworks and to accede space and water for aquaculture. 

•  Characterising  the  ecological  role  of  aquaculture  in  protected  areas  for  wild 

stock fauna enhancement and flora/conservation. 

•  Promoting  networking,  sharing  of  good  practices  and  experiences  and  the 
creation  of  clusters  on  sustainable  aquaculture  to  further  unlock  innovation 
potential. 

•  Cooperation  on  establishing  a  common  sustainability  certification  scheme, 
including costs and added value for aquaculture in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 
•  Develop a comprehensive catalogue of skills (including soft skills) and contents 
for  capacity  building  and  training  programmes  designed  for  aquaculture 
professionals, while also providing support for their skill development. 

•  Gather knowledge and share best practices on digitalisation in the aquaculture 

sector. 

•  Cooperation  in  research  projects,  technological  pilots,  capacity  building  and 

investments regarding: 
o  developing new processed products and new species; 
o  assessing  the  environmental  effects  of  aquaculture  in  order  to  mitigate 

them; 

o  exploring  the  potential  positive  effects  of  aquaculture 

in  marine 
environments  (e.g.  nutrient  and  carbon  sequestration  in  bivalve  farming) 
and ponds; 

o  create  dynamic  3dimensional  models  that  will  assist  the  environmental 
impact assessments and determination of the carrying capacity of an area 
for licensing; 

o  use  of  aquaculture  products  (fish,  algae  etc.)  for  other  purposes 

o 

(pharmacy, cosmetics, etc.); 
increased  efficiency  and  productivity  in  aquaculture  operations  through 
the adoption of innovative and sustainable production techniques. 

•  Enhanced  occupational  safety  standards  and 

improved  social  welfare 
programmes  for  workers  in  the  aquaculture  sector,  leading  to  increased  job 
attractiveness and retention. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 

•  Low  rate  of  adaptation  to  institutionalised  spatial  planning:  existing  areas 
designated  for  aquaculture  are  fully  occupied  and  conflicts  with  other  uses 
for  coastal  marine 
(e.g.  tourism)  provide 

limited  spatial  possibilities 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

aquaculture development. 

•  Better  define  the  ecosystem  carrying  capacity  and  avoid  potential  adverse 
effects on ecosystems from aquaculture  activities and define  Allocated Zones 
for Aquaculture. 

•  Complex  and  not  harmonised  processes  for  licences  and  authorisation  of, 
marine, freshwater aquaculture and land-based aquaculture across the macro-
region. 
Need for candidate countries to achieve compliance with the EU acquis in the 
field of aquaculture, environmental protection, training and education etc. 
•  A  more  sustainable,  resilient,  and  competitive  marine,  freshwater  and  land-

based aquaculture sector*, P1F2. 

•  Increase in volume of aquaculture products on the market P1F2. 
•  New aquaculture products and new species in aquaculture*, P1F2. 
•  Means  and  plans  to  improve  professional  and  soft  skills  of  aquaculture 

professionals*, P1F2. 

•  Adoption of Common Sustainability Standards*, P1F2. 
•  Advanced Environmental Impact Assessment Tools*, P1F2. 
•  Diversification of Product Utilisation*, P1F2. 
Under  the  flagship  ‘Promoting  Sustainability,  Diversification  and  Competitiveness 
through  Education,  Research  &  Development, 
in 
Administrative,  Technological  and  Marketing  Actions,  including  the  Promotion  of 
Initiatives  on  Marketing  Standards  and  Healthy  Nutritional  Habits’  the  following 
strategic projects were developed so far: 

the  Fisheries  Sector 

Monopillar strategic projects 
•  SeaSusPack - Sustainable packaging of fish and aquatic food based on marine 

bioresources. 

•  AMOS - Developing a cost – effective observatory system, tailored to the needs 
of Aquacultures with remote access, real-time data and forecast capabilities. 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Pilot actions 
developed jointly and 
implemented in project 
ideas 

OI: No. of new project 
ideas supported to 
mature into projects 
ready for submission 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 84 
Interreg: Pilot 
actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

0 p.a. (2023) 

10 (2030) 

TSG monitoring 
system 

RI: Jointly developed 
solutions (number of 
new products, services, 
processes, business 

RCO 116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

MA monitoring 
system 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
models or methods) 

*: Horizontal topic expected result/target of the action 
**: Cross-cutting topic expected result/target of the action 
P1F2: Pillar 1 Flagship 2 for Topic 1.2, Action 1.2.2. 

1.3 

Topic – Maritime and marine governance and services 

Global  objectives.  Maritime  and  marine  governance  and  services  are  essential  for  the  sound 
management of  shared  resources.  This  involves  improved  governance  of maritime  space  and  land-
sea interactions as well as improved skills and capacities of the relevant players. This covers a wide 
range  of  fields  including  the  development  of  capacities  to  harmonise  standards  and  regulations  to 
improve  the  sustainable  governance  use  of maritime  technologies  and  marine  resources,  including 
standardisation  at  macro-regional  level  to  enable  a  technological  leap  forward.  A  key  is  increased 
data exchange, knowledge sharing and cooperation of planning and control authorities to ensure a 
sustainable  management  of  natural  resources;  and  furthermore  to  promote  the  use  of  digital 
technologies  and  new  technological  tools  for  planning  and  land-use/marine  space  analysis  and 
control  including  hydrodynamic  oceanographic  models.  To  contribute  to  the  offshore  renewable 
energy  EU  targets  by  2030  and  beyond  and  to  the  energy  efficiency  and  transition  in  sustainable 
fisheries and aquaculture. 

Strategy  objectives.  The  overall objective  is  to  support  cooperation  among  players  in  the  Adriatic-
Ionian  region  to  make  better  use  of  the  skills  that  are  available  and  equip  people  with  new  skills 
(including soft skills) that are needed. This covers a wide range of fields including the cooperation of 
maritime and land-based spatial planning and governance of maritime and land-sea space. 

The  effective  governance  and  services  in  the  maritime  and  marine  domains  are  essential  for  the 
sustainable  and  integrated  development  of  the  region  and  includes  Maritime  Spatial  Planning  of 
man-made  activities  that  should  balance  economic  development,  environmental  protection  and 
social wellbeing in the Adriatic-Ionian region. Therefore, it has strong links with the other four pillars 
of the Strategy. 

The  Strategy  for  the  future  should  implement  an  integrated  maritime  policy  that  coordinates  and 
harmonises  various  activities  that  take  place  in  the  marine  environment,  including  maritime 
transport, aquaculture, fisheries, marine protected areas, marine reserves and conservation zones to 
safeguard  fragile  ecosystems,  biodiversity,  and  endangered  species,  preservation  of  submerged 
cultural  heritage  sites,  including  shipwrecks  and  archaeological  relics,  port  infrastructure,  energy 
generation  including  siting  and  regulating  offshore  energy  installations,  such  as  wind  farms,  wave 
energy devices and oil and gas drilling platforms, to ensure their safety and minimise environmental 
impacts.  It  also  includes  designate  areas  for  marine  tourism,  recreational  activities  and  the 
development  of 
(Pillar  4),  planning  and  maintaining  underwater 
telecommunication  cables,  pipelines  for  oil  and  gas  transport  and  electricity  transmission  lines 
require  careful  coordination  in  Maritime  Spatial  Planning  to  avoid  conflicts  and  environmental 
damage. The Strategy should include activities related to prevent marine litter pollution from plastics 
and other emerging pollutants, and plans for the clean-up of marine pollution, such as oil spills and 
the  removal  of  marine  debris,  that  should  be  integrated  into  Maritime  Spatial  Planning  plans  to 
protect  the  marine  environment  (synergies  with  Pillar  3).  Strengthening  grid  infrastructure  and 
interregional  cooperation  by  promoting  the  development  of  offshore  wind  energy  and  energy 

infrastructure 

tourism 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
efficiency in complementarity with Pillar 2 by building a substantial offshore power grid and Pillar 3 
by incorporating marine renewables in the Maritime Spatial Planning. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light  of the  above objectives, challenges  and opportunities listed below, the activities  under this 
topic aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

improving the quality of public services and improving governance mechanisms for international 
cooperation  and  strengthening  institutional  capacities  in  a  wide  range  of  sectors  (e.g.  fishery 
policy, maritime spatial planning, integrated coastal management); 
improving  the  evidence  base  for  policy  and  decision-making  by  sharing  data  and  knowledge 
among  public  bodies  and  strengthening  their  capacities  to  seize  opportunities  or  react  to 
challenges which can be detected earlier if data and information is shared and analysed across 
countries;  
improving the state of the maritime and marine environments through an increased uptake of 
digital  technological  tools  and  skills  in  maritime  and  territorial  spatial  planning  which  help  to 
improve governance and planning processes; 
developing supply chains and skills in sustainable fisheries and aquaculture by using large-scale 
partnerships for offshore5 renewable energy under the Pact for Skills. 

1.3.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked  to  the  above  objectives,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  faces  several  identified  challenges  and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Strengthening  cooperation  between  developed  and  underdeveloped  countries  that 

significant potential for innovation and new business opportunities. 

•  Capitalisation on existing results, implemented activities and projects within the Strategy, the 

Interreg ADRION programme, IPA funding and others. 

•  Developing  cooperation  of  the  Strategy  pillars  with  other  macro-regional  strategies  and 

initiatives. 

•  Accelerating the implementation of relevant policies in the Adriatic-Ionian region and related 

challenges of joint interest to the Strategy territory and scope. 

5   The increasing number of offshore wind turbines and solar farms (floating or fixed) is representing a new 
challenge in terms of spatial planning and the marine environment. It will be indeed needed to mitigate the 
impacts of offshore renewables and adapt them to the needs of nature protection, like e.g.: 
a)  Potential use of subsea offshore wind park infrastructure as artificial reefs and breeding grounds for 
marine  species,  while  fulfilling  all  applicable  environmental  standards  and  ensuring  proper 
environmental monitoring; 

b)  Testing nature restoration methods for management of degraded ecosystems; 
c)  Deploying  new  methods  and  technologies  for  environmental  monitoring  and  management  and 
mainstreaming  successful  approaches  in  line  with  approached  and  methodological  standards 
developed under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
• 

Increased  promotion  of  the  blue  economy,  on  islands  and  coastal  areas,  offers  significant 
potential  in  relation  to  the  exploitation  of  marine  resources  for  food,  food  and  health 
products,  management  and  protection  of  marine  and  coastal  areas,  maritime  transport, 
shipbuilding, and shipping services, as well as marine renewable energy. 

•  The  green  and  digital  transition  processes  are  rooted  in  skills;  therefore,  it  is  necessary  to 

strengthen and create skills (upskilling and reskilling) in order to achieve transitions. 

•  To  incorporate  the  offshore  renewable  energy  and  energy  efficiency  measures  applied  to 

ports and vessels into the Maritime Spatial Plans and marine governance and services. 

Challenges: 

•  Maritime Spatial Planning implementation across borders of the maritime spatial plans is not 
coherent,  although  developed  to  reduce  conflicts  and  create  synergies  between  different 
activities. 

•  Urgent  need  for  training  in  the  use  of  new  technologies,  oceanographic  models,  remote 
robotics,  smart  devices,  etc.  A  new  workforce  is  emerging,  which  should  handle  these 
devices and technologies properly. 

•  The multi-use of marine space is creating challenges due to conflicting activities: renewable 
energy,  aquaculture,  nature  conservation,  underwater  heritage,  shipwrecks,  and  tourism. 
There  are  many  and  often  different  obstacles  in  the  current  legal  framework  of  each 
participating country to facilitate the multi-use of marine space. 
Increase of pollution due to macro and microplastics, pesticides, antibiotics, etc. associated 
with the activities in the area. 

• 

•  Geographical, economic,  environmental,  and demographic disadvantages and challenges  of 
island regions, while at the same time the vulnerability of their natural living conditions and 
productive systems is high. 

1.3.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The activities help the candidate countries to better integrate with EU Member 
States in field of EU maritime and marine policies through the support to the harmonisation 
of  standards  and  regulations  to  improve  the  sustainable  governance  use  of  maritime  and 
marine  resources  and  promotion  of  digital  solutions  and  knowledge  exchange  among 
countries. More specifically, the enlargement activities are related to the EU acquis Chapters 
3 (right of establishment and freedom to provide services), 6 (company law), 7 (intellectual 
property  law),  8  (competition),  18  (statistics),  20  (enterprise  and  industrial  policy),  22 
(regional  policy  and  coordination  of  structural  instruments),  25  (science  and  research),  26 
(education and culture), 27 (environment), 28 (consumer and health protection). 

•  Capacity building. The activities have a strong focus on capacity building and training e.g. to 
increase capacities related to the EU maritime and marine policies, harmonise standards and 
regulations and seizing opportunities or reacting to challenges that can be detected earlier if 
data  and  information  is  shared  and  analysed  across  countries.  This  should  also  include 

29 

 
 
 
 
development  of  skills  in  the  blue  professions/  improvement  of  the  levels  of  skills  and 
expertise  of  people  working  in  sectors  such  as  maritime  transport,  coastal  and  marine 
tourism, aquaculture  and fisheries, marine  hydrocarbon extraction, maritime  transport and 
port activities, shipbuilding and ship repair activities, marine renewable energy sources, blue 
biotechnology,  New  technologies  at  sea  and  shipping.  Furthermore,  it  will  lead  to  an 
improvement of skills and expertise in the offshore renewable energy and energy efficiency 
sector. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  activities  include  several  proposals  related  to  data  exchange 
and  digital  technological  tools  in  maritime  and  territorial  spatial  planning,  governance  and 
services,  including  the  promotion  of  innovative  and  smart  transformation  of  island 
production  systems  by  strengthening  and  diversifying  local  production  based  on  smart 
specialisation.  Also,  strengthening  and  supporting,  through  the  Smart  Specialisation,  the 
energy  efficiency  in  the  local  fisheries  and  aquaculture  production  systems  in  the  Adriatic- 
Ionian region. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. Maritime  and marine governance  are directly relevant for the transition 
to a circular economy as they help to shape the preconditions for the transition to a circular 
economy in these fields. 

•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  include  an  explicit  link  to  green  rural 
development  activities.  However,  some  of  the  activities  will  probably  be  related  to  better 
utilising resources of rural areas and strengthening entrepreneurship and local cooperative 
schemes, in coastal areas including islands. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  can  be  supported  e.g.  through  activities  related  to  the 
use  of  digital  tools  in  maritime  and  territorial  spatial  planning,  governance  and  services, 
including  e.g.  data  exchange  platforms,  strengthening  maritime  surveillance  and  improving 
the level of navigation safety. 

The activities within the Maritime and Marine Governance and Services  topic serve as a crucial 
catalyst  for  advancing  both  horizontal  and  cross-cutting  aspects  of  the  revised  action  plan, 
driving  harmonisation,  capacity  building,  innovation  and  green  transition  while  embracing 
sustainability and forward-looking practices. 

1.3.3 

Action – Institutional capacity to harmonise standards and regulations 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Institutional  capacity  to  harmonise  standards  and  regulations  to  improve  the 
sustainable governance and use of maritime and marine resources 

•  Cooperation  in  implementation of  adopted Maritime  Spatial  Plans to  achieve 

coherent practices across borders. 

•  Promotion of Maritime Spatial Planning principles in candidate countries. 
•  Cooperation  in  adopting  clearer  legal  frameworks  for  the  development  of 
Allocated Zones for Aquaculture, marine protected areas, other effective area-
based conservation measures, exploiting deep-sea water and marine biological 
and mineral resources. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

•  New horizontal skills are highly required (listening, relationship-building, team 

working, and cultural awareness) to accompany the twin transition. 

•  The challenge of the multi-use of marine space by various activities: renewable 
energy, aquaculture, nature conservation, maritime transport, and tourism. In 
many cases, there are several obstacles to the current legal framework of each 
participating country to facilitate the multi-use of marine space. 

•  The challenge between EU and candidate countries in compliance/adaptation 

with the EU acquis. 

•  Maritime  spatial  plans  should  also  promote  the  prevention  and  reduction  of 
pollution  (e.g.  microplastic,  pesticides,  antibiotics,  etc.)  associated  with  the 
activities  in  the  area,  as  well  as  the  preservation  and  regeneration  of  local 
biodiversity. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

•  Improved quality of public services*. 
•  Improved maritime and marine governance and services*, **, P1F3. 
•  Common understandings and harmonised standards and regulations as well as 
sharing  of  best  practices  through  institutional  capacity  of  the  involved  public 
bodies,  institutions  and  stakeholders  in  a  wide  range  of  sectors  (e.g.  fishery 
policy, maritime spatial planning, integrated coastal management) *, **, P1F3. 
•  Compliance/adaptation of candidate countries with the EU acquis*, **, P1F3. 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Under  the  flagship  ‘Bolstering  Capacity  Building  and  Efficient  Coordination  of 
Planning  and  Local  Development  Activities  for  Improving  Marine  and  Maritime 
Governance  and  Blue  Growth  Services’  the  following  strategic  projects  were 
developed so far: 

Cross-pillar strategic projects 
•  WAI-TP - ‘WATERBORNE Adriatic-Ionian Technology Platform’ (Pillars 1 and 2) 
•  MSP & ICZM - ‘Establishment a Community for the sustainable management of 

maritime activities in the AIR’ (Pillars 1 and 3) 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Pilot actions 
developed jointly and 
implemented in project 
ideas 

OI: No. of new project 
ideas supported to 
mature into projects 
ready for submission 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

2 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 84 
Interreg: Pilot 
actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

0 p.a. (2023) 

4 (2030) 

TSG monitoring 
system 

RI: Joint strategies and 
action plans taken up by 
organisations 

RCR 79 
Interreg: Joint 
strategies and 

0 p.a. (2023) 

2 (2030) 

MA monitoring 
system / survey 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
action plans 
taken up 

*: Horizontal topic expected result/target of the action 
**: Cross-cutting topic expected result/target of the action 
P1F3: Pillar 1 Flagship 3 for Topic 1.3, Action 1.3.1. 

1.3.4 

Action – Data exchange and knowledge sharing 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  
Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

Description of the action 
Data exchange and knowledge sharing 

Setting up a platform for information exchange and data sharing related to 
maritime spatial planning, terrestrial spatial planning and relevant activities in 
the field of sustainable blue economy  

•  Coordinated spatial planning will allow the further development of sustainable 

aquaculture and other activities in the marine area. 

•  Lack  of  candidate  countries  compliance  with  the  EU  acquis  in  the  field  of 

fisheries, environmental protection, training and education etc. 

•  Improved the evidence base for policy and decision-making in the region. 
•  Sharing  data  and  knowledge  among  public  bodies  in  the  region  can  increase 
the  efficiency  of  the  public  administration  (e.g.  by  avoiding  duplication  of 
monitoring or data collection efforts). 

•  Increased in their capacity to seize opportunities or react to challenges which 
can be detected earlier if data and information are shared and analysed across 
countries.  This  may  be  done  in  cooperation  with  action  3.1.1.  (Enhancing 
marine and coastal biodiversity). 

Under  the  flagship  ‘Bolstering  Capacity  Building  and  Efficient  Coordination  of 
Planning  and  Local  Development  Activities  for  Improving  Marine  and  Maritime 
Governance and Blue Growth Services’ no strategic projects were developed so far. 

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Pilot actions 
developed jointly and 
implemented in project 
ideas 

OI: No. of new project 
ideas supported to 
mature into projects 
ready for submission 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

1 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 84 
Interreg: Pilot 
actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

0 p.a. (2023) 

2 (2030) 

TSG monitoring 
system 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RI: Public institutions 
supported to develop 
digital services, products 
and processes 

RCO 14 ERDF6: 
Public 
institutions 
supported to 
develop digital 
services, 
products and 
processes 

0 p.a. (2023) 

4 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

1.3.5 

Action  –  Promote  the  development  of  skills  and  digital  technological  tools  in 
the maritime industry and territorial spatial planning, governance and services 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Description of the action 
Promote the development of skills and digital technological in the maritime 
industry and territorial spatial planning, governance and services 
•  Network  of  training/education  centres/technological  and  higher  education 
in  development/sharing  of  blue  skills 

institutes/industry  to  cooperate 
programmes. 

•  Encouraging networking and exchange in the planning and  implementation of 

best practices. 
Trans-regional cooperation between community-led local development 
strategies for actions implemented by fisheries local action groups. 

•  Unlock  the  capacity  needed  at  the  regional  and  local  level  to  deliver  quality 
training  and  mobilise  collaborating  arrangements  in  order  to  anticipate  and 
respond to the fast changing skills needs for skills on the labour market. 

•  Urgent  need  for  training  in  the  use  of  new  technologies,  remote  robotics, 
smart devices, etc. A special new workforce is emerging, which should handle 
these devices properly. 

•  The  green  and  digital  transition  processes  are  rooted  in  skills;  therefore  it  is 
necessary to strengthen  and create skills (upskilling and reskilling) in order to 
achieve transitions. 
Many blue economy sectors have difficulties finding suitably skilled employees, 
which hampers their growth. 

This action will contribute to: 
•  Improving  the  state  of  the  maritime  and  marine  environments  through  an 
increased  uptake  of  digital  technological  tools  and  skills  in  maritime  industry 
and territorial spatial planning which help to improve governance and planning 
processes P1F3. 

•  Improved Skills and career development in blue economy and strengthening of 
networks  of  academics,  training  organisations  and  professional  organisations 
of maritime sectors in the region P1F3. 
Trans-regional  cooperation  between  community-led 
strategies for actions implemented by FLAGs P1F3. 

local  development 

Strategy 
flagships and 

Under Flagship ‘Bolstering Capacity Building and Efficient Coordination of Planning 
and Local Development Activities for Improving Marine and Maritime Governance 

6   European Regional Development Fund 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and Blue Growth Services’, no strategic projects were developed so far. 

strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Pilot actions 
developed jointly and 
implemented in project 
ideas 

OI: No. of new project 
ideas supported to 
mature into projects 
ready for submission 

RI: Organisations 
cooperating across 
borders after project 
completion 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 (2030) 

TSG & MA 
monitoring 
system 

0 p.a. (2023) 

8 (2030) 

TSG monitoring 
system 

0 p.a. (2023) 

10 (2030) 

MA monitoring 
system / Survey 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 84 
Interreg: Pilot 
actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

RCR 84 
Interreg: 
Organisations 
cooperating 
post-project 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Pillar 2 – Connecting the region 

The overall objective  of Pillar 2 ‘connecting the region’ is to improve connectivity,  integration,  and 
cohesion  within  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  and  with  the  EU  regarding  transport  and  energy 
programmes, initiatives, and projects. This objective is requiring thorough coordination of transport 
and  energy  policies  and  initiatives  by  countries  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region.  Cooperation  is 
envisaged  on  infrastructure  developments  and  harmonised  operation  of  transport  and  energy 
systems to build a region that is more inclusive, cohesive, and competitive. 

The region is a geographically diverse place where coastal, mountainous, and insular areas demand 
investments on technical infrastructures, and many areas are still not well connected. The transport 
and energy systems of the region are fragmented and outdated. There is a clear need to accelerate 
the  green  transition  and  to  cope  with  the  challenge  of  global  climate  change  while  looking  at  an 
improved and streamlined governance of the transport and energy systems. 

There  is  a  significant  potential  for  quality  improvement  and  better  integration  of  transport  and 
energy systems, removing roadblocks to project investments, focusing on the enabling factors for the 
creation  and  development  of  regional  enterprises  along  the  free  and  regulated  European  market 
principles. 

Various bottlenecks have  limited the development opportunities stemming from the motorways of 
the sea. Railway transportation is lagging the EU average both in terms of infrastructure, as well as in 
freight  and  passenger  volumes.  In  many  countries,  and  especially  in  Western  Balkans,  there  are 
inferior  quality  rail  systems  and  unsafe  roads.  The  network  of  airports  has  inadequate  capacity  to 
sustain tourism development and connectivity in general, mostly due issues concerning the economy 
of  scale  of  the  related  catchment  area.  At  the  same  time,  connectivity  is  a  key  asset  for  Western 
Balkans within the enlargement process. 

In  the  field  of  energy,  connections  can  be  improved  to  jointly  address  the  transition  towards 
decarbonised  energy  systems.  Today,  not  so  efficient  usage  of  the  existing  grid  interconnection 
capacities, preventing the trading activities from being increased and to share balancing reserves and 
energy  to  accommodate  fluctuating  energy  from  renewable  sources  is  a  factor  limiting  the 
development  of  renewable  energy  sources  to  a  large  scale.  Hydropower  is  the  most  used  type  of 
renewable energy in the region. Even though the region has immense potential for the development 
of renewable energy sources notably, solar and wind energy, it performs below the EU average for 
solar  and  wind  energy,  eco-innovation,  and  energy  efficiency.  The  Strategy  should  also  ensure 
appropriate  alignment  with  the  National  Energy  and  Climate  Plans  of  the  participating  Member 
States. 

National  programmes  and  actions  can  only  partially  address  all  the  challenges,  due  to  the  capital-
intensive  measures  required  to  improve  and  upgrade  transport  and energy  networks  and systems. 
Even  bilateral  cooperation  may  not  be  sufficient  to  overcome  bottlenecks  and  to  promote 
connectivity  and  cooperation  aimed  at  developing  projects  of  joint  interest.  Wider  macro-regional 
cooperation  consultation  and  capitalisation  are  needed  to  provide  services  and  benefits  to  the 
Strategy countries. Most major infrastructure projects and programmes only make sense if looked at 
from a well-coordinated macro-regional perspective. 

35 

 
 
 
 
In  this  light,  the  Strategy  sets  out  to  improve  connectivity,  integration  and  cohesion  within  the 
Adriatic-Ionian region and with the rest of the EU regarding transport and energy programmes and 
actions.  This  objective  is  requiring  thorough  coordination  of  transport  and  energy  policies  and 
initiatives,  collaboration  on  infrastructure  developments  and  delivery  of  transport  and  energy 
services.  Relations  with  stakeholders  and  research  of  public  consensus  and  support  transport  and 
energy  infrastructures  and  projects  will  be  a  major  concern.  The  experience  of  broad  long-term 
frameworks programme studies will be continued. The intent is to update and expand along a three-
year period or so studies such as the  Strategy master plan on transport for the Adriatic and Ionian 
region, the Strategy master plan on energy networks for the Adriatic and Ionian region, the roadmap 
towards a Strategy power exchange and natural gas trading hub for the Adriatic and Ionian region. 
These framework studies aim at creating consensus on priorities, actions, while identifying problem 
areas  and  opportunities  for  convergence  for  projects  and  cooperation  along  short-term  and  long-
term perspectives. 

The Strategy master plan on transport will be updated and upgraded with a view to EU enlargement 
as envisaged by a key horizontal topic of the  Strategy. This activity is cross-cutting the entire Topic 
2.1, Topic 2.2 and Topic 2.3 of the action plan. 

The specific objectives of the pillar are: 

•  T1-  maritime  transport:  to  strengthen  safety  and  security  of  port  operations  and  develop  a 

competitive macro-regional interconnected port system; 

•  T2 – Multi-modal connectivity: to develop reliable multi-modal and intermodal connections with 

the hinterland, both for freight and passengers; 

•  T3 Urban nodes: to support the integration of urban nodes and regional transport systems into a 

greener TEN-T network; 

•  T4  Energy  networks:  to  achieve  a  well-interconnected  and  well-functioning  internal  energy 
market supporting the three energy policy objectives of the EU, i.e. confronting climate change, 
enhancing security of supply and competitiveness; 

•  T5 Green energy: to confront the challenges of the energy transition towards decarbonised and 
resilient energy systems, while promoting renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. 

In the electricity markets of the Adriatic-Ionian region, the ultimate objective is the development of a 
well-functioning  electricity  markets,  underpinned  by  the  development  and  integration  of  the 
wholesale market, removal of regulated retail electricity prices, the relieving of network congestions, 
integration  of  renewable  energy  sources  into  meshed  power  grids  and  unhampered  cross-border 
exchanges  of  electricity,  followed  by  market  coupling  of  the  electricity  markets  of  non-EU 
participating countries with the EU Member States. 

A  substantial  increase  in  installed  capacity  and  generation  from variable  solar and  wind  power  are 
expected in the coming years. Limited interconnection capacities and internal network capacities as 
well grid capacity to connect renewable energy sources in a large scale, as well as limited balancing 
resources  and  non-existence  of  integrated,  liquid  and  well-functioning  day-ahead,  intra-day  and 
balancing market, are limiting the development of renewable energy. The existing bottlenecks in the 
uptake and distribution of solar and wind power need to be thoroughly assessed and addressed. 

Electricity  infrastructure  projects,  identified  under  the  EU  Projects  of  Common  interest/Projects  of 
Mutual Interest and Energy Community Projects of Energy Community Interest, as well as the Central 

36 

 
 
 
 
and South-Eastern Europe Energy Connectivity action plan aim at connecting new renewable energy 
to  the  power  grid,  facilitate  market  activities  and  improving  the  reliability  and  quality  of  energy 
services.  The  interconnection  of  electricity  grids  and  sufficient  grid  capacity  are  preconditions  for 
large-scale investments in renewable energy and its deployment. 

in  gas  transmission 

investments  are  required 

COP28  in  December  2023  decided  on  the  ‘transitioning  away  from  fossil  fuels  by  2050’,  so  efforts 
should be dedicated to increasing the share of renewable energy sources. In the natural gas network, 
limited 
infrastructure,  to  address  remaining 
bottlenecks. Only for facilities needed to meet immediate security of supply needs, natural gas is still 
viewed as a transient fuel enabling the transition towards decarbonised energy systems through the 
European  Union  by  the  year  2050.  In  general,  lock-in  technologies  not  compliant  with  the  ‘do  no 
significant harm’ principle7 should be avoided and conditions should be created according to a long-
term  perspective  to  shift  away  from  natural  gas  to  renewable  and  no-carbon  gases,  in  particular 
biomethane, synthetic methane and hydrogen. 

To  this  end,  repurposing  of  existing  gas  pipelines  for  hydrogen  transportation  should  be  planned. 
Regarding natural gas use hydrogen – ready solutions should be envisioned as well as highly efficient 
cogeneration processes while carbon capture and sequestration technologies and the corresponding 
investments should receive consideration. 

In  the  short  term,  increased  supply  of  liquefied  natural  gas  is  still  envisaged  in  countries  of  the 
Adriatic-Ionian region. Direct use of Liquefied Natural Gas for transport and process industry can also 
be a transient option because of its lower carbon content as compared with other hydrocarbon fuels. 
Liquefied  Natural  Gas  terminals  might  serve  as  facilities  for  importing  hydrogen  in  the  future, 
however  their  potential  and  technical  compatibility for  conversion  and  repurposing  is  requiring  in-
depth analysis and simulations. 

Based on already existing natural gas infrastructure and infrastructure in the Adriatic-Ionian region, 
and  with  the  completion  of  a  limited  number  of  interconnectors  in  the  Western  Balkans  region 
whose implementation is already ongoing among EU Projects of Common Interest, Projects of Energy 
Community Interest and REPowerEU Plan, Western Balkan countries will be able to diversify supply 
sources and routes and to enhance security of energy supply. 

Along  a  mid-term  perspective  developing  natural  gas  infrastructure  would  help  currently  isolated 
areas and regions to have access to natural gas supplies, to ensure continuous and secure supplies by 
having networks renovated and modernised, and to bring natural gas from a range of export markets 
via  new  routes  (notably,  the  upgraded  Trans-Adriatic  Pipeline  –  TAP2).  The  TAP  project  has  been 
implemented and its upgrading and doubling of capacity are in progress. 

In addition, Liquefied Natural Gas infrastructure in ports and on land enabling new gas import routes 
and  fuel  switching  to  Liquefied  Natural  Gas  would  also  benefit  security  of  supply  and  improve 
environmental quality. 

7  

‘do no significant harm’ means not supporting or carrying out economic activities that do significant harm 
to  any  environmental  objective,  where  relevant,  within  the  meaning  of  Article 17  of  Regulation  (EU) 
2020/852.  Only  activities  or  assets  assessed  as  not  significantly  harmful  to  any  of  the  mentioned 
environmental objective can be considered compliant with the ‘Do No Significant Harm’ principle. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
Based  on  the  approach  of  the  European  Green  Deal,  the  Communication  from  the  European 
Commission ‘An Economic and Investment Plan for the Western Balkans’ with its guidelines for the 
implementation  of  the  ‘Green  Agenda  for  the  Western  Balkans’  are  framing  relevant  actions  on 
transport  and  energy  while  proposing  improved  connectivity  competitive  services  and  alignment 
with  the  EU  acquis.  To  achieve  its  overall  objective  and  specific  objectives  Pillar  2  will  focus  and 
organise  according  to  five  topics:  Topic  2.1  Maritime  transport,  Topic  2.2  Intermodal  connectivity, 
Topic 2.3  Urban  nodes,  Topic  2.4  Energy  networks,  Topic 2.5  Green  energy. The  description  of  the 
five topics is as follows. 

2.1 

Topic – Maritime transport 

Global objectives. Developing maritime transport, in particular motorways of the sea as navigation 
corridors,  is  of  paramount  importance  and  must  go  together  with  the  creation  of  modern  and 
efficient intermodal ports integrating maritime transport with other transport modes such as rail and 
road. Such an extension of infrastructure and transport activities must be accompanied by a coherent 
sustainable  transport  plan  linked,  inter  alia,  to  an  air  quality  plan.  Investments  in  innovation  and 
modernisation  of  infrastructure,  reduction  of  procedural  constraints  and  bureaucratic  burden 
(especially in port operations) and promotion of safe maritime traffic should be given priority in the 
entire sea basin. 

Strategy objectives. The Strategy sets out to improve connectivity, integration, and cohesion within 
the Adriatic-Ionian region and with the EU. The focus is on the coordination of transport policies and 
initiatives  by  countries  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  collaboration  on  infrastructure  developments 
and harmonised operation of transport systems. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the scope above, challenges and opportunities, the activities under this topic aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

increasing  safety  and  security  of  port  operations  and  resilience  of  infrastructure,  through  a 
vessel  traffic  monitoring  and  information  system  and  investments  in  ports  to  increase  safety, 
security and ports’ capacity and interconnectivity; 
improving the effectiveness of port infrastructure and equipment, hence the competitiveness of 
maritime  transport  services,  through  the  interoperability  of  IT  systems  and  solutions  in  ports 
including the development and/or improvement of Port Community System;  
greening ports and maritime transport and increasing the number of certified ports (ISO 14001, 
Port Environmental Review System and Eco-Management and Audit Scheme); 
removing  roadblocks  to  project  investments,  focusing  on  the  enabling  factors  for  the  creation 
and  development  of  regional  enterprises  along  the  free  and  regulated  European  market 
principles; 

2.1.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked  to  the  above  objectives,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  faces  several  specific  challenges  and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
•  A well-established network of motorways of the seas links, with further potential for growth. 
•  A dynamic port system interconnected to the most relevant TEN-T transport corridors. 
•  A multipurpose port system integrated in the regional economy and energy industry, located 

along the One Belt and One Road global initiative. 

•  Greening ports and maritime transport. 

Challenges: 

• 
• 

Lack of safety and security in port operations and resilience of infrastructure. 
Lack  of  effectiveness  of  port 
competitiveness of maritime transport services. 

infrastructure  and  equipment,  hence  the 

lack  of 

2.1.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  In  the  context  of  transport  policy  (Chapter  14),  enhancing  and  harmonising 
traffic  monitoring  and  management  within  the  ports  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  through 
the  implementation  of  advanced  technologies  such  as  Vessel  Traffic  Monitoring  and 
Information Systems and IT solutions holds significant potential. Improved traffic monitoring 
and management not only enhance the overall functionality of ports but also demonstrate a 
commitment to aligning with EU norms and regulations, making the transition smoother for 
potential accession. 
Furthermore, the harmonisation of monitoring systems for emissions, water quality, and air 
quality in the Ports of the Adriatic-Ionian region is pivotal for aligning the candidate countries 
with  EU  environmental  standards  (Chapter  27)  and  for  ensuring  a  sustainable  and 
environmentally  responsible  approach  to  port  operations,  fostering  seamless  integration 
with  EU  Member  States.  The  Strategy  master  plan  on  transport  will  be  updated  and 
upgraded with a view  to the  EU enlargement as  envisaged by a key horizontal topic of the 
Strategy. This activity is cross-cutting with the entire Topic 2.1, Topic 2.2 and Topic 2.3 of the 
action plan. 

•  Capacity building. Improving IT solutions and implementing emission monitoring measures in 
the ports of the Adriatic-Ionian region enhance the region’s maritime capabilities, providing 
valuable  insights  into  traffic  patterns,  safety  protocols,  and  navigation  efficiency.  This,  in 
turn, contributes to capacity building by empowering port authorities with real-time data to 
make informed decisions and optimise operational processes. 
Simultaneously,  the  monitoring  of  emissions  aligns  with  contemporary  environmental 
standards,  promoting  sustainability  and  responsible  maritime  practices.  Furthermore, 
cooperation  to  improve  vessel  monitoring  and  emission  control  measures  improve  the 
capacity  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  ports  through  knowledge  sharing  and  the  dissemination  of 
successful strategies, and contribute to a more sustainable, efficient, and informed maritime 
environment in the broader context of the EU Green Deal. 
Innovation  and  research.  Enhancing  IT  solutions  for  vessel  monitoring  and  implementing 
emissions  monitoring  in  the  ports  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  can  serve  as  a  catalyst  for 

• 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
innovation and research. The integration of advanced IT solutions in maritime operations not 
only  optimises  efficiency  but  also  provides  a  rich  source  of  data  for  researchers  to  explore 
and  analyse.  Moreover,  monitoring  emissions  in  these  ports  could  stimulate  research  into 
cleaner  technologies,  alternative  fuels,  and  emission  reduction  strategies,  promoting 
innovation in green shipping practices. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  The  topic  does  not  include  a  defined  link  to  circular economy  activities. 
However, advanced technologies, notably Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information Systems 
can promote resource efficiency, reduce waste, and encourage the adoption of sustainable 
practices,  aligning  the  sector  with  the  broader  goals  of  a  circular  and  environmentally 
responsible economy. 
The circular economy is  centred on the concept  of closing the loop, wherein resources  are 
reused,  recycled,  and  regenerated.  Vessel  Traffic  Monitoring  and  Information  Systems, 
alongside  emission  monitoring,  contributes  to  this  circularity  by  fostering  a  closed-loop 
approach  in  maritime  operations.  Efficient  traffic  management  reduces  unnecessary  fuel 
consumption  and  associated  emissions,  while  monitoring  emissions  directly  addresses  the 
environmental impact of shipping activities. 

•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  include  an  explicit  link  to  green  rural 

development activities, as it the focus is on maritime transport. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  implementation  of  Vessel  Traffic  Monitoring  and  Information  Systems 
allows for real-time monitoring and tracking of vessel movements, enhancing overall safety, 
security, and efficiency in port operations. This not only streamlines maritime traffic but also 
ensures  compliance  with  international  maritime  regulations.  By  adopting  modern  IT 
solutions,  the  Ports  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  can  put  in  place  a  cohesive  and 
interoperable  framework,  promoting  seamless  communication  and  data  exchange  among 
various stakeholders involved in port management. 
The  digital  transition  can  be  supported  e.g.  through  activities  related  to  use  of  joint 
monitoring  systems,  and  more  explicitly  the 
identification  of  bottlenecks  for  the 
interoperability  of  IT  systems  and  solutions  in  ports  including  the  development  and/or 
improvement of Port Community System. 

2.1.3 

Action – Improving and harmonising traffic monitoring and management 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Improving  and  harmonising  traffic  monitoring  and  management  by  expanding 
the use of vessel traffic monitoring and information system 

• 

Identify areas with the prioritised needs for improving Vessel Traffic 
Monitoring and Information Systems. 

•  Disseminate knowledge and good practices on Vessel Traffic Monitoring and 

• 
• 

• 

Which 
challenges and 

Information Systems in the region. 
Leverage investments in Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information Systems. 
Improving maritime safety in the region. 

Interaction with ports authorities, ministries and stakeholders in many 
countries could be challenging. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

•  Opportunities could come from the Interreg programmes funding pilot projects 
and creating network of stakeholders involved in the deployment processes. 

Improved  safety  and  security  of  port  operations  and  resilience  of  infrastructure 
and staff training programmes and initiatives. 

The action is strictly related to Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship ‘The Adriatic-
Ionian Multi-Modal Corridors’ and its component ‘Green and Smart Ports’. Under 
this flagship the following master plan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 1 Maritime dimension 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Extension of areas in the 
Adriatic and Ionian Sea 
covered by Vessel Traffic 
Monitoring and 
Information Systems 

Agreements and/or 
governance solutions 
among port authorities 
and key stakeholders to 
implement actions for 
improving and 
harmonising traffic 
monitoring and 
management 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO 14 - Public 
institutions 
supported to 
develop digital 
services, 
products and 
processes 

RCR 11 - Users 
of new and 
upgraded public 
digital services, 
products and 
processes 

RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR 79 Interreg 
- Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RCO 116 
Interreg - 
Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions taken 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

tbd 

tbd 

0(2023) 

tbd 

Tbd 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

2.1.4 

Action  –  Improvement  of  the  interoperability  of  IT  systems  and  solutions  in 
ports 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Description of the action 
Improvement  of  the  interoperability  of  IT  systems  and  solutions  in  ports 
including the development and/or improvement of Port Community System 

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport with a focus on intermodality in 

• 

the ports of the region. 
Identification of bottlenecks for the interoperability of IT systems and solutions 
in  ports  including  the  development  and/or  improvement  of  Port  Community 
System. 
Identification of the areas with the biggest needs to investment. 

• 
•  Strengthen cooperation on port development. 

•  Develop relevant staff training programmes and initiatives. 
•  Digitalise port operations. 
•  High procedural and bureaucratic barriers. 

•  Reduction of bureaucratic barriers. 
•  Better  collaboration  between  multiple  players  of  the  port  industry  leads  to 
the 
improvement  of 
competitiveness of maritime transport services and staff training programmes 
and initiatives. 

the  effectiveness  of  port  performance  and 

The action is strictly related to Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship ‘The Adriatic-
Ionian Multi-Modal Corridors’ and its component ‘Green and Smart Ports’. Under 
this flagship the following master plan was developed: 

•  EUSAIR Master plan on transport – Vol. 1 Maritime dimension 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

IT systems by typology 
(e.g. for handling 
operations, 
intermodality, resource 
management, …) 
developed in the Ports 
of the region 
(distinguishing by Port 

RCO 116 
Interreg - 
Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCR104 
Interreg: 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

tbd 

tbd 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
dimension and typology) 

Solutions taken 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

2.1.5 

Action – Improving monitoring of environmental quality in ports 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Description of the action 
Monitoring emissions, water quality and air quality 

•  Disseminate knowledge on monitoring environmental quality in ports. 
•  Development of a monitoring system for emissions, water quality and air 

quality of ports in the region. 

•  Publication of annual monitoring reports. 

•  The adoption of common/shared monitoring tools and procedures. 
•  Developed  pilot  projects  for  testing  and  for  the  diffusion  of  monitoring  tools 

and procedure. 

•  Greener and smart ports. 
•  More certified ports (ISO 14001, PERS and EMAS). 

The action is strictly related to Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship ‘The Adriatic-
Ionian Multi-Modal Corridors’ and its component ‘Green and Smart Ports’. Under 
this flagship the following master plan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on Transport – Vol. 1 Maritime dimension 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

tbd 

tbd 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Monitoring systems (for 
air and water quality) 
and protocols adopted 
in the Ports of the 
region (distinguishing by 
Port dimension and 
typology) 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO 116 
Interreg - 
Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions taken 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

Agreements among port 
authorities to 
implement, manage and 

RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 

0(2023) 

tbd 

tbd 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
control emissions in the 
Ports of the region 
(same as above) 

jointly 
developed 

RCR 79 - Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

2.2 

Topic – Multi-modal connectivity 

Global  objectives.  A  fully  operational,  multi-modal  Trans-European  Transport  Network  (TEN-T)  for 
sustainable and smart connectivity is an objective set out in the EU ‘Sustainable and Smart Mobility 
Strategy’  and  an  important  asset  to  achieving  the  objectives  of  the  European  Green  Deal.  A 
harmonised  and 
interconnected  transport  network  enhances  the  efficiency  of  cross-border 
movements, reducing transit times and trade barriers. Furthermore, increasing road and rail capacity 
responds  to  the  growing  demands  of  commerce  and  travel  (Chapter  4).  Upgrading  and  expanding 
transportation  infrastructure  not  only  accommodates  rising  traffic  volumes  but  also  enhances  the 
region’s overall competitiveness, contributing significantly to the seamless integration of the region 
into the broader TEN-T (Chapter 21). 

Strategy objectives. The objective of the topic is to foster the development of effective multi-modal 
connections, between maritime transport of passengers and goods with landside modes such as rail 
and  road  networks,  as well  as  the  connection  to the  main  airport  nodes.  Ports  and  airports of  the 
Adriatic  and  Ionian  Seas  are  immediate  entry  points  to  the  region  from  abroad,  whereas  inland 
waterways  provide  important  international  connections  to/from  the  region.  An  appropriate 
transport  policy  must  regard  all  these  considerations  promoting  multimodality,  while  also 
considering environmental aspects (e.g. air emission), economic growth and social development. 

Specific objectives of the topic 
In light of the above objectives, challenges and opportunities, the activities under this topic aim 
at: 
new investment projects in ICT infrastructure to improve multi-modal connections; 

• 

• 

• 

interoperable  rail  infrastructure  and  services  among  countries  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  to 
increase the rail connections between cities in the Western Balkans; 
increased  rail  transport  capacity  and  quality  thorough  a  reduction  of  missing  links  and 
bottlenecks and upgraded rail network of the region to TEN-T standards; 
increased road safety of rail and road networks. 

2.2.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces specific challenges and opportunities 
which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Rail infrastructure and intermodal nodes belonging to the TEN-T network and mostly to the 

TEN-T transport corridors. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Growing positive trends in freight and passenger demand across Europe. 
•  Rail network already interconnected with most of the ports in the regions. 
•  Potential growth of air passenger traffic due to tourism activities. 
• 

Increase rail transport capacity, quality and road and rail safety and resilience. 

Challenges: 

•  Multiple and heterogenous transport operators (multi- modes, multi -countries). 
• 
• 

Lack of harmonised of regulation and services among countries. 
Lack of interoperability of infrastructure among countries. 

2.2.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The implementation of ICT in transport infrastructure, coupled with efforts to 
enhance  interoperability,  increase  road,  and  rail  capacity,  stands  as  a  pivotal  strategy  to 
bolster the enlargement process of the European Union in the Western Balkans (Chapter 14). 
in  transportation,  the  region  can  achieve  heightened 
By  embracing 
connectivity,  real-time  monitoring,  and  streamlined  logistics.  This  not  only  facilitates  the 
smooth  flow  of  goods  and  people  but  also  aligns  the  Western  Balkans  with  the  advanced 
technological  standards of  the  EU.  Interoperability,  achieved  through  standardised  systems 
and collaborative frameworks, further strengthens the Western Balkans’ integration with the 
EU. 

ICT  solutions 

• 

•  Capacity  building.  The  strategic  implementation  of  ICT  in  transport  infrastructure,  coupled 
with  a  focus  on  interoperability  and  increased  road  and  rail  capacity,  could  contribute  to 
capacity  building  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  since  it  not  only  enhances  operational 
efficiency but also fosters continuous learning and skill development, laying the foundation 
for a well-equipped and knowledgeable workforce capable of managing the region’s evolving 
transportation  needs.  By  promoting  ICT  infrastructure  and  interoperability,  the  region  is 
better  equipped  to  build  the  collective  expertise  necessary  for  effective  transportation 
management and optimisation. 
Innovation and research. The implementation of ICT transport infrastructure creates a data-
rich environment that researchers can leverage to study and to develop innovative solutions 
for  optimising  logistics  and  traffic  management.  Interoperability  enhancements  encourage 
collaboration  among  transport  stakeholders  and  the  exchange  of  ideas  for  supplying  new 
mobility services in the region. The Adriatic-Ionian region, with its diverse economic activities 
and geopolitical significance, can benefit from collaborative research efforts focused on ICT 
solutions in rail transport. Increasing road and rail capacity paves the way for research into 
novel  technologies  and  sustainable  practices,  aligning  the  region  with  the 
latest 
advancements in transportation. Commitment to modern infrastructure not only stimulates 
local innovation but also attracts research initiatives and partnerships. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. The integration of ICT solutions into rail transport systems, such as smart 
sensors,  predictive  analytics,  and  digital  communication,  can  enhance  efficiency,  and 
contribute  to  circular  principles.  In  fact,  streamlining  logistics  and  enhancing overall  supply 

45 

 
 
 
 
chain efficiency (e.g. minimising delays, reducing idle times, …) optimises resource utilisation, 
fostering  a  circular  economy  by  ensuring  that  transportation  resources  are  used  to  their 
maximum potential. Optimising the performance of rail systems contribute to circularity by 
improving  resource  efficiency  and  minimising  the  environmental  footprint  associated  with 
rail  operations.  Develop  sustainable  infrastructure,  and  increase  the  number  of  EMAS8 
registered ports and maritime infrastructure. 

•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  focus on  green  rural  development  activities. 
However,  improved  multi-modal  connectivity  and  especially  road  connectivity  can  also 
support  the  development  of  rural  areas  offering  transport  solutions  improving  overall 
accessibility. 

•  Digitalisation. The implementation of innovative ICT solutions in the realm of rail transport 
holds  immense  potential  for  fostering  research  and  innovation  in  logistics  optimisation, 
traffic management, and sustainable transportation practices. Researchers can explore ways 
to  leverage  ICT  for  real-time  monitoring,  predictive  maintenance,  and  resource-efficient 
operations, contributing to advancements in transportation sector and novel approaches to 
design,  construction,  and  maintenance.  ICT  solutions,  such  as  advanced  simulation  models 
and  digital  twin  technologies,  can  be  employed  to  test  and  optimise  various  scenarios, 
enabling researchers to develop innovative solutions that enhance capacity while minimising 
environmental impact. 

2.2.3 

Action  –  Implementation  of  ICT  infrastructure  at  nodes  and  along  logistics 
chains 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Description of the action 
Support the implementation of ICT infrastructure at nodes and along logistics 
chains, as well as systems interoperability in the Adriatic-Ionian region 

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport with a focus on intermodality 

along the logistics chains of the region. 
Identify the areas with the highest need to the implementation of ICT 
infrastructure at nodes and along logistics chains. 
Leverage investments in ICT infrastructure at nodes and along logistics chains. 

• 

• 

•  Diverse objectives and diverse infrastructure development among participating 

countries. 

•  Extension of TEN-T railways corridors in the Western Balkans. 
• 
Identification of common priorities for the implementation of ICT solutions. 
•  Development of measures for improving the logistic chains along the corridors. 

Increase investments in ICT infrastructure. 
Improve multi-modal connections to transport nodes. 

• 
• 
•  Capacity build through staff training programmes and initiatives. 

8   The EMAS Register is a voluntary tool designed by the European Commission for the registration and public 

recognition of those companies and organisations that have excellent environmental performance. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

The action is strictly related to the Strategy Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship 
‘The  Adriatic-Ionian  Multi-Modal  Corridors’.  Under  this  flagship  the  following 
master plan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 5 Rail and related intermodality 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Number of multi-modal 
hubs (for freight and 
passengers) in the 
region upgraded with 
ICT infrastructure and 
services 

RCO 116 
Interreg - 
Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

tbd 

tbd 

0(2023) 

tbd 

tbd 

Agreements and/or 
governance solutions 
within logistics clusters 
and along multi-modal 
routes, to develop and 
implement actions, 
including ICT for the 
promotion of multi-
modal and intermodal 
transport and 
harmonised traffic 
monitoring and 
management 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions taken 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR 79 Interreg 
- Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RCO 116 
Interreg - 
Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions taken 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

2.2.4 

Action  –  Upgrade  of  the  network  to  provide  continued  and  interoperable 
international rail links between countries 

Name of the 

Description of the action 
Upgrade of the network to provide continued and interoperable international 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
action 

rail links between countries, also by drawing up integrated plans for 
infrastructure developments and drawing up joint roadmaps for investments 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport with a focus on 

interoperability. 

•  Support the railway connecting between the capital cities in the region. 
• 

Investments in upgrading rail infrastructure where needed (e.g. bottlenecks, 
single tracks, etc.) 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

•  Ecosystem consisting of different rules, operators, interests. 
•  The extension of TEN-T railways corridors in the Western Balkans that could 

help to identify common priorities. 

• 

Interoperable rail infrastructure and services among countries of the Adriatic-
Ionian region. 

The action is strictly related to Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship ‘The Adriatic-
Ionian  Multi-Modal  Corridors’.  Under  this  flagship  the  following  master  plan  was 
developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 5 Rail and related intermodality 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Km or % (over total 
network extension) of 
interoperable rail 
infrastructure in the 
region (e.g. 
distinguishing by single 
vs double track; 
electrified vs not 
electrified, …) 

Daily Frequency or 
number of rail services 
between the main cities 
(e.g. the Capitals of the 
region) 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO 50 - Length 
of rail 
reconstructed 
or modernised - 
non-TEN-T 

RCR 58 - Annual 
users of newly 
built, upgraded, 
reconstructed 
or modernised 
railways 

RCR 101- Time 
savings due to 
improved rail 
infrastructure 

RCR 58 - Annual 
users of newly 
built, upgraded, 
reconstructed 
or modernised 
railways 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RCR 101- Time 
savings due to 
improved rail 
infrastructure 

2.2.5 

Action – Increase rail transport capacity and quality in the region 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Increase rail and road transport capacity and quality (remove missing links and 
bottlenecks; complete rail reforms) in Strategy countries and upgrade the rail 
and road network of the region to TEN-T standards 

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 5 Rail and related 

interoperability. 

•  Analyse and list needs of transport capacity and quality in Strategy countries 

and potential for upgrade. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

Increase rail transport capacity and quality. 

• 
•  Preparation of projects and funding for the development of rail infrastructure 

(where needed) as a pre-condition to increase rail transport capacity. 

•  Creating agreements among rail transport operators to supply (cross countries) 
quality  rail  services  is  another  critical  and  challenging  issue.  An  agreement 
upon  the  standard  is  needed,  as  well  as  identifying  who  pays  for  subsidising 
the rail services. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

• 

Increased rail transport capacity and quality (solve missing links and 
bottlenecks; complete rail reforms) in Strategy countries and 

•  upgraded rail network of the region to TEN-T standards. 

The action is strictly related to the Strategy Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship 
‘The  Adriatic-Ionian  Multi-Modal  Corridors’.  Under  this  flagship  the  following 
master plan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 5 Rail and related intermodality 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

% of rail network in the 
region upgraded to TEN-
T quality and safety 
standards (Core and 
Extended Core) 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO 50 - Length 
of rail 
reconstructed 
or modernised - 
non-TEN-T 

RCO 49 - Length 
of rail 
reconstructed 
or modernised - 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TEN-T 

RCR 58 - Annual 
users of newly 
built, upgraded, 
reconstructed 
or modernised 
railways 

RCR 101- Time 
savings due to 
improved rail 
infrastructure 

RCO 108 - 
Length of roads 
with new or 
modernised 
traffic 
management 
systems - TEN-T 

RCR 55 - Annual 
users of newly 
built, 
reconstructed, 
upgraded, or 
modernised 
roads 

% of road network in the 
region upgraded to TEN-
T quality and safety 
standards (Core and 
Extended Core) 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

2.3 

Topic – Urban nodes 

Global objectives. Sustainable urban mobility is a key objective of EU urban and mobility policies to 
enhance  mobility  and  reduce  congestion,  accidents,  and  air  pollution  in  urban  areas.  It  aims  at 
improving  the  overall  quality  of  life  for  residents  and  commuters  by  addressing  major  challenges 
related to for example congestion, development of intermodality air/noise pollution, climate change, 
and road safety and, more generally, transport energy. 

Strategy  objectives.  The  objective  of  the  topic  is  to  foster  the  improvement  of  urban  mobility 
solutions  and  transport  systems  talking/anticipating  the  challenges  and  the  already  existing 
criticalities  deriving  from  growing  urbanisation  (urban  sprawl)  and  from  some  socio-economic  (e.g. 
ageing  population)  and  environmental  trends,  calling  for  a  reduction  of  the  impacts  of  passengers 
and  goods  mobility  in  the  cities.  The  improvement  of  integrated  local  public  transit  systems 
(including ‘last-mile’ solutions, such as active mobility, micromobility, and shared mobility solutions) 
is  essential  to  increase  transport  efficiency  and  to  achieve  the  decarbonisation  targets  by  the 
promotion of urban low -emission mobility, also in a cross-border framework. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, challenges and opportunities, the activities under this topic aim at: 

• 

the  adoption of  Sustainable  Urban  Mobility  Plans  for  all  urban  nodes  in  the  region  to  actively 
promote sustainable mobility solutions, and sustainable logistics measures; 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

• 

integrated public transport services solutions (including also fare structure) for the largest urban 
nodes, covering their functional urban areas, to increase the modal share of public transport; 
better  coverage  of  bike  lanes  and  networks  (more  km  of  cycling  lanes)  in  all  urban  areas, 
connecting the cities with their commuting areas and measures to promote cycling, to increase 
bike modal share. 

2.3.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked  to  the  above  objectives,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  faces  several  specific  challenges  and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  An extended network of urban nodes belonging to the TEN-T, according to the proposal for 

the revision of Regulation (EU) 1315/2013. 

•  Development  of  Multifunctional  urban  nodes,  many  of  them  also  representing  tourism 

attractions and/or classifiable as city-ports. 

•  Development of accessible and safe cycling solutions for local and tourist mobility. 

Challenges: 

• 

• 

Lack of integration of local public transport networks with other services (the challenge that 
here is related to the preparation of projects and get the funds for the development of rail 
infrastructure (where needed) that is a pre-condition to increase rail transport capacity). 
In  addition,  creating  agreement  among  rail  transport  operators  to  supply  (cross  countries) 
quality  rail  services  is  another  critical  and  challenging  issues.  An  agreement  upon  the 
standard  is  needed,  who  pays  for  subsidising  the  rail  services,  etc.  are  also  particularly 
challenging. e.g. shared mobility services). 
Low level of road safety, particularly for vulnerable users. 
Improve road safety, particularly for vulnerable users. 

• 
• 
•  Development of accessible and safe cycling solutions for local and tourist mobility. 

2.3.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  Sustainable  Urban  Mobility  Plans  emphasise  environmentally  friendly 
transport  solutions,  aligning  the  region  with  EU  sustainability  standards  (Chapter  27).  The 
adoption  of  Mobility  as  a  Service  fosters  efficient  and  integrated  urban  transport  systems, 
demonstrating  the  Western  Balkans’  commitment  to  modern  and  interconnected  urban 
mobility  (Chapter  14).  Additionally,  investing  in  cycling  infrastructure  not  only  promotes 
healthy  and  sustainable  commuting  but  also  aligns  the  region  with  EU  emphasis  on 
alternative  and  green  modes  of  transportation  (Chapter  27).  These  measures  collectively 
contribute  to  the  harmonisation  of  transport  practices,  a  key  component  in  the  Western 
Balkans’ journey towards EU accession (Chapter 14). 

•  Capacity  building.  The  implementation  of  Sustainable  Urban  Mobility  Plans  offers  a 
comprehensive  framework for urban planners and policymakers to enhance their expertise 

51 

 
 
 
 
• 

in  sustainable  urban  development,  fostering  capacity  building  in  local  governance.  By 
introducing innovative, technology-driven,  and integrated transport solutions, Mobility as a 
Service encourages the development of skills and knowledge among professionals involved in 
urban  mobility  management.  Investing  in  cycling  infrastructure  not  only  contributes  to 
healthier  and  more  sustainable  transport  but  also  supports  capacity  building  by  creating 
opportunities  for  training  and  expertise  development  in  urban  planning,  transportation 
engineering, and alternative mobility solutions. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  implementation  of  Sustainable  Urban  Mobility  Plans,  public 
transport  single-ticketing  platforms  (including  Mobility  as  a  Service  solution),  and  cycling 
infrastructure  in  the  cities  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  would  provide  a  fertile  ground  for 
research  into  novel  technologies  and  urban  planning  strategies.  Mobility  as  a  Service 
introduces a transformative approach to transportation, encouraging research into seamless 
integration  of  various  modes  of  transport  and  user-centric  mobility  solutions.  The 
development  of  cycling  infrastructure may  stimulate innovation  in  urban  design  and  safety 
measures,  attracting  research  initiatives  focused  on  enhancing  the  cycling  experience  and 
integrating it effectively into urban transport systems. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. The topic does not include any link to Circular Economy. 
•  Green  rural  development.  Integrated  public  transport  services  may  be  extended  beyond 

urban areas and support connectivity in the neighbouring rural areas. 

•  Digitalisation. The integration of public transport systems including fare and single ticketing 
systems will  include  the  development  of  digital  platform  and  data  sharing  systems.  In  fact, 
Sustainable  Urban  Mobility  Plans  leverage  digital  technologies  to  optimise  urban  mobility, 
fostering the integration of smart solutions for traffic management and data-driven decision-
making.  Mobility  as  a  Service9  introduces  digital  platforms  that  seamlessly  connect  various 
transportation  modes,  providing  users  with  real-time  information  and  payment  options 
through  digital  channels.  Additionally,  the  development  of  cycling  infrastructure  may 
incorporate  digital  tools  for  route  planning,  bike-sharing  systems,  and  safety  measures, 
collectively contributing to the overall digital transformation of transportation in the region’s 
cities. 

2.3.3 

Action  –  Boost  the  uptake  of  Sustainable  Urban  Mobility  Plan  initiatives 
especially in urban nodes 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Boost the uptake of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans initiatives especially in 
urban nodes with strong urbanisation trends, including co-design of solutions for 
local mobility 

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 7 Accessibility to urban 

nodes and tourist attractions. 

•  Set up a Strategy peer to peer community on sustainable urban transport 

9   Mobility  as  a  Service  integrates  various  forms  of  transport  and  transport-related  services  into  a  single, 
comprehensive, and on-demand mobility service. Mobility as a Service offers end users the added value of 
accessing mobility through a single application and a single payment channel (instead of multiple ticketing 
and payment operations). 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
plans. 

•  Develop a Strategy best practice handbook on sustainable urban transport 

plans. 

•  Strengthen uptake of technological mobility solutions. 
•  Raising people awareness about the impact of sustainable urban mobility 

solutions on the environment and their daily activities. 

•  Urban  areas  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  have  Sustainable  Urban  Mobility 

Plans. 

•  Sustainable mobility solutions and sustainable logistics measures promoted.  

The action is strictly related to the Strategy Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship 
‘The  Adriatic-Ionian  Muti-Modal  Corridors’.  Under  this  flagship  the  following 
masterplan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 7 Accessibility to urban nodes and 

tourist attractions 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Number or % of cities in 
the region (e.g. with a 
population above 50 000 
or 100 000 inhabitants) 
that have adopted a 
Sustainable Urban 
Mobility Plan according 
to EU guidelines 

Extension (Km /per 
habitant) of Mass Rapid 
Transit (e.g. Tram, 
Metro, Bus Rapid 
Transit) 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR 79 Interreg 
- Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RCO 55 - Length 
of new tram 
and metro lines 

RCO 56 - Length 
of 
reconstructed 
or modernised 
tram and metro 
lines 

RCR 63 - Annual 
users of new or 
modernised 
tram and metro 
lines 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.3.4 

Action  –  Diffusion  of  integrated  public  transport  system  including  integrated 
fare structures (Mobility as a Service) 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Description of the action 
Promote the diffusion of integrated fare and single ticketing solutions  

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 7 Accessibility to urban 

• 

nodes and tourist attractions. 
Initiate a Strategy peer to peer community on integrated fare and single 
ticketing solutions. 

•  Promote integrated public transport systems including fare and single ticketing 

solutions through Mobility as a Services platforms. 

•  The challenge is the integration of local public transport networks and services, 

and integrated fare systems. 

•  The opportunity comes from the ongoing diffusion of Mobility as a Service 

platforms and Mobility as a Service operator. 

•  Establishing  integrated  fare  and  single-ticketing  solutions  within  most  urban 

and interurban areas, especially in Western Balkan countries. 

The action is strictly related to the Strategy Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship 
‘The  Adriatic-Ionian  Multi-Modal  Corridors’.  Under  this  flagship  the  following 
master plan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 7 Accessibility to urban nodes and 

tourist attractions 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Number or % of cities in 
the region that have 
adopted Mobility as a 
Service solutions or local 
public transport  
integrated fare systems 
(e.g. public transit and 
sharing mobility 
systems) 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR 79 Interreg 
- Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

Number of Mobility as a 
Service operators in the 
region, distinguishing by 

RCO 87 Interreg 
- Organisations 
cooperating 

tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
extension of the services 
embedded in the 
Mobility as a Service 
platform, e.g. city-wide 
or region-wide including 
rural areas 

across borders 

RCR 84 Interreg 
- Organisations 
cooperating 
across borders 
after project 
completion 

2.3.5 

Action – Support the realisation of cycling lanes and networks 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Description of the action 
Support the realisation of cycling lanes and networks and other measures for the 
promotion of cycling mobility 

•  Upgrade the Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 7 Accessibility to urban 

nodes and tourist attractions. 

•  Promote cycling lanes and networks. 
•  Development of Strategy on long-distance biking routes (incl. EUROVELO 

network). 

•  Development of safe cycling solutions for local and tourist mobility. 

•  Good  coverage  with  cycling  lanes  and  networks  in  all  urban  areas  and  active 

measures for the promotion of cycling mobility. 

The action is strictly related to Pillar 2 (Transport sub-group) flagship ‘The Adriatic-
Ionian Multi-Modal Corridors’ and its component ‘Adriatic-Ionian Cycle Routes’. 

Under this flagship the following masterplan was developed: 

•  Strategy master plan on transport – Vol. 7 Accessibility to urban nodes and 

tourist attractions 

and the following Cross-pillar strategic projects: 

•  ADRIOCYCLETOUR - ADRiatic-IONian CYCLE route for sustainable TOURism 

(Pillars 2 and 4) 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
tbd 

tbd 

tbd 

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Extension (Km /per 
habitant) cycling lanes in 
the cities of the region, 
by typology (e.g. 
segregated vs mixed use 
lanes, urban vs 
suburban …) 

RCO 58 - 
Dedicated 
cycling 
infrastructure 
supported 

RCR 64 - Annual 
users of 
dedicated 
cycling 
infrastructure 

2.4 

Topic– Energy networks 

Global objectives. Energy systems are made up of energy networks, energy markets and energy uses. 
The  liberalisation  and  integration of  the  EU  electricity  and  natural  gas markets,  pursued  by the EU 
directives  and  regulations,  contribute  to  security  of  supply,  competitiveness,  sustainability  and 
affordability.  The  energy  policy  objectives  of  the  EU  –  sustainability,  security  of  supply, 
competitiveness  and  affordability  –  can  only  be  achieved  through  a  well-interconnected  and  well-
functioning internal energy market. 

Strategy objectives. The EU is committed to climate neutrality by 2050, as laid down in the Climate 
Law,  responding  to  its  obligations  under  the  Paris  Agreement  and  the  Global  Stocktake  at  COP28. 
One  of  the  key  objective  of  this  topic  is  to  reach  these  goals  and  phase-out  fossil  fuels.  In  this 
perspective  and  in  view  of  the  transition  towards  decarbonised  energy  systems  to  confront  the 
climate  change  challenge,  key  objectives  are  to  achieve  well-interconnected  and  well-functioning 
energy systems and markets in the Adriatic-Ionian region, to foster security of energy supply, and to 
improve  energy  market  competitiveness.  Priorities  are  enacting  the  energy  goals  of  the  European 
Green  Deal,  RePower  EU,  and  the  Green  Agenda  for  Western  Balkans,  while  contributing  to  the 
energy transition, large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources compatible with the ‘Do No 
Significant  Harm’  (DNSH)  principle  and  the  environmental  acquis,  increased  electrification  of  the 
energy system, energy efficiency and resilience of sustainable energy infrastructure with a view to EU 
enlargement. 

The  focus  is  on  the  cooperation  energy  policies  and  initiatives  by  countries  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian 
region, collaboration on infrastructure  developments, in line  with the Green Deal and RePower EU 
policies, and integration of energy markets regionally and with the EU. 

The electricity and natural gas systems and markets in the Adriatic-Ionian region and even more in 
the  Western  Balkans  region  are  in  the  process  of  integration,  but  several  roadblocks  still  persist. 
Actions  for  greater  integration  will  be  addressed  under  this  topic  in  cooperation  with  the  Energy 
Community and European Commission services. 

Fully  integrated  networks  and  markets  are  crucial  for  achieving  security  of  supply,  market 
integration,  energy  price  competitiveness,  convergence  and  affordability,  at  the  same  time  paving 
the way for a future  renewable  hydrogen distribution. Investments would be public and private or 
both.  Projects  which  have  not  secured  sufficient  public,  or  EU  funding  should  be  implemented 
incremental  capacity  processes,  concessional 
through  market-based 
agreements, own equity or support from commercial banks. Support and realisation of the projects 
within the different activities must be linked with the confirmation from the market and the relevant 

instruments,  such  as 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
institutions  that  these  infrastructures  are  needed  and  funding  will  be  secured  through  market 
mechanisms. 

On 30 May 2022, the European Union adopted the Regulation (EU) 2022/869 on guidelines for trans-
European energy infrastructure repealing Regulation (EU) No 347/2013. 

On  a  proposal  by  the  European  Commission,  on  14 December  2023  the  Energy  Community 
Ministerial Council followed by adopting a Decision adapting Regulation (EU) 2022/869 to the Energy 
Community to foster decarbonisation efforts of the Energy Community Contracting Parties in relation 
to energy infrastructure. This TEN-E Regulation sets out a revised regional cooperation framework for 
selecting  and  implementing  key  infrastructure  projects  necessary  for  achieving  the  2030  and  2050 
energy  and  climate  targets  and  the  European  Green  Deal.  The  TEN-E  Regulation  is  key  for 
accelerating  investments  in  grid  infrastructure.  By  including  infrastructure  for  renewable  and  low-
carbon gases (biomethane, biogas, renewable hydrogen), it will support the decarbonisation of gas 
markets  and  support  the  transformation  of  industrial  clusters.  The  Energy  Community  Contracting 
Parties  have  to  transpose  the  Regulation  by  end  2024.  In  parallel,  the  process  for  the  selection  of 
Projects of Energy Community Interest (PECI) has been launched early 2024  and in December 2024 
the Energy Community Ministerial Council adopted the first PECI list10 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the scope above and the challenges and opportunities below, the activities under this topic 
aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

developing  integrated  power  networks  and  markets  towards  a  green  Adriatic-Ionian  region 
based on renewable energies production and consumption; 
building  interconnected  energy  systems  and  better  integrated  grids  to  support  renewable 
energy sources; 
fostering  energy  market  integration,  energy  competitiveness  and  security  of  energy  supply  of 
the Adriatic-Ionian region; 
removing roadblocks to project  investments,  focusing on the enabling factors for creation and 
development of regional enterprises along the free and regulated European market principles. 

2.4.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities and challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Connecting  and  integrating  networks  to  reduce  energy  system  vulnerability  and  risk  of 

disruptions of energy supply. 

•  Enhancing  cooperation  on  cross-border  energy  networks  to  allow  for  investments  on  large 
energy  infrastructure  which  would  find  difficulties  given  the  limited  national  outreach 
capacity. If these actions are not compliant with DNSH criteria and the environmental acquis, 
they won’t be (co-)funded by EU programmes. 

10   ECS - Final Preliminary PECI list.pdf 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Exploiting  complementarities  of  the  energy  systems  through  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  to 

improve security and competitiveness. 

Challenges related to electric power concern among others: 

• 

Insufficiently  integrated  power  grids  and  still  fragmented  market  not  fully  supporting  the 
energy transition of the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Restricted electricity market activities in the Adriatic-Ionian region due to inefficient use and 
low  exploitation  of  interconnections11  as  well  as  subsidies  causing  electricity  market 
distortions. 

•  Regulatory  and  financial  barriers  that  hinder  electricity  market  integration  as  well  as  the 

functioning of power exchange through the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Significant  constraints  in  the  existing  electricity  grid  to  accommodate  generation  of  large 

amounts of electricity from intermittent renewable and distributed energy sources. 

Further challenges: 

•  The credible implementation and enforcement of the EU directives and regulations under the 
Energy  Community  framework,  in  particular  the  Electricity  Integration  Package  adopted  in 
2022, as relevant for facilitating development of more flexible and consumer-centred energy 
markets and their integration into the European single market for electricity. 

•  Prosperous business environment is required to attract investments for the development of 
networks and international and regional interconnections. Administrative delays and political 
volatility, which are  recurrent  phenomena  in the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  are often regarded 
as a threat and deterrent to committing long-term investment on energy networks. 

•  Alliances,  agreements,  joint  ventures  amongst  energy  enterprises  from  countries  of  the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region  should  be  promoted  and  looked  for  to  create  larger  and  efficient 
international 
regional 
connections while facing technology innovations and economies of scale. 

industry  players  with  a  sufficient  number  of  employees  and 

•  Cybersecurity  threats  to  power  and  natural  gas  networks  and  infrastructure,  as  well  as  to 
information  systems  used for  providing  essential  services  in  the  energy  sector.  Exceptional 
events due to global climate change with the consequent need for reducing vulnerability and 
ensuring  early  warning  and  continuity  of  energy  services  when  facing  incidents  and 
disruptions. 

2.4.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  The  activities  help  candidate  countries  to  better  integrate  with  EU  Member 
States  in  field  of  EU  energy  policies,  also  including  programmes  and  projects  and  their 
harmonisation  and  alignment  to  the  EU  directives  and  regulations.  Enactment  and 

11   The Clean Energy Package, with the new Electricity Regulation introduced a new regulatory framework for 
cross-border capacity allocation. Here, specifically Art. 16 is of high relevance as it requires TSOs to provide 
minimum levels of available capacity for cross-zonal trade (the so-called 70% rule). 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
implementation  of  cross-border  interconnections  and  transnational  energy  infrastructures 
would  contribute  to  the  integration  of  non-Member  States  with  the  European  Union.  The 
creation  of  integrated  markets  within  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  would  enable  cost 
reductions  and  regulatory  alignment  with  the  EU  Member  States  while  reducing  risk  in 
energy supply and distribution. 

•  Capacity building. The activities have a strong focus on capacity building to ensure relevant 
players are well informed and involved and the regulatory frameworks facilitate sustainable 
ad efficient energy markets and systems. This includes, among other activities, joint capacity 
building and innovative solutions for implementing a common market and enhancing energy 
regulatory frameworks. Local energy enterprises may find new opportunities while creating 
joint ventures and merging into larger more efficient regional enterprises. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  activities  will  touch  on  innovation  and  research  in  various 
contexts, e.g. related to new technologies improving energy transmission and storage while 
activating measures for cybersecurity. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  The  topic  does  not  explicitly  address  circular  economy.  However, 
improving energy networks to support a green transition is also supporting the transition to a 
circular economy. 

•  Green rural development.  Increased energy interconnections and power grid  development 
would facilitate  the  inclusion of rural and remote  areas  into the main power and  networks 
and infrastructure. 

•  Digitalisation. The digital transition and large-scale use of artificial intelligence are an integral 
part  of  the  development  of  energy  networks. Digitalisation and  artificial  intelligence  would 
be a key asset and driver for the operation of the energy networks, for the management of 
spare capacity, deployment of smart power grids, prevention of human errors and recovery 
from accidents and failures. 

2.4.3 

Action  –  Integrated  power  networks  and  market  supporting  the  green 
transition 

Name of the 
action 

Description of the action 
Integrated power networks and market supporting the green transition and 
security of energy supply of the Adriatic-Ionian region 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

•  Master plan 2026 of energy and energy networks for the Adriatic-Ionian region 
with  time  horizons  the  years  2030  and  2050.  Activity  cross-cutting  Topic  2.4 
and Topic 2.5 of the Strategy master plan. 

•  Promoting  projects  supporting  the  Trans-Balkan  Corridor  by  including  new 
power  transmission  lines,  reinforcements  of  existing  lines  to  enable  trade  in 
electricity, grid stability and large-scale deployment and market integration of 
renewable energy sources. 

•  Digitalising  the  power  system,  deploying  and  adopting  smart  electricity  grids 
and  smart  grid  technologies  across  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  to  efficiently 
integrate  the  behaviours  and  actions of all  users  connected  to  the  electricity 
network.  In  particular  deploying  demand  response  by  consumers,  energy 
storage, electric vehicles and increased electrification. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
•  This would include: 

Increasing the existing Trans-Adriatic power interconnectors. 

a) 
b)  Enhancing power supply for islands and islands systems where renewable 

energies can play a fundamental role. 

c)  Promoting  early  warning  and  cybersecurity  capabilities  for  the  resilience 
of the power and electricity system when facing threats and incidents. 

•  Road Map 2026 towards a Strategy Power Exchange and Natural Gas Trading 
Hub  for  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  Activity  cross-cutting  Action  2.4.1  and 
Action 2.4.2 of Topic 2.4 

•  Developing  analysis  and  evaluating  differences  in  the  regional  and  national 
electricity  markets,  with  respect  to  regulatory  frameworks,  market  maturity 
and barriers to cross-border investments. Developing customised approaches 
to  address  these  barriers  while  paying  close  attention  to  systemic  market 
differences,  while  respecting  requirements  under  the  EU  and  Energy 
Community acquis. 

•  Supporting joint capacity building and innovative solutions for the building of a 

common power market. 

•  Creating a wholesale power market for the Adriatic-Ionian region12 with steps 
envisioning  market  coupling  with  the  EU,  harmonising  electricity  grid  tariff 
methodologies and grid codes addressing regulatory barriers, power purchase 
agreements and use of blockchain to facilitate electricity trading. The activity is 
including  support  to  the  flagship  ‘Power  networks  and  markets  for  a  green 
Adriatic-Ionian  region’13  and  joining  the  Joint  Allocation  Office  when  not  in 
place for forward allocation and joining Single Day-Ahead Coupling and Single 
Intra-Day Coupling (SDIC) for electricity trade. 

•  Implementing and operating the Balkan Energy Regulators School. 

•  The challenge is the lack of well-functioning energy market to support the 

energy transition of the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Concurrent  challenge  is  the  restriction  in  electricity  market  activities  in  the 
low  exploitation  of 
Adriatic-Ionian  region  due  to 
interconnections  as  well  due  to  subsidies  causing  electricity  market 
distortions. 

inefficient  use  and 

•  The  opportunity  for  all  participating  countries  is  to  interconnect  their  power 
grids, as a means to optimise the deployment of low-carbon power generation 
other than hydropower, to maintain grid stability and security while expanding 
the  use  of  intermittent  and  diversified  power  sources.  Electricity  storage, 
digitalisation  of  the  power  grid  and  smart  grids  offer  opportunities  for 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

12   Electricity market coupling and balancing market integration according to steps including harmonisation of 
legislative and regulatory  framework, addressing regulatory barriers,  accelerating  market  coupling,  power 
purchase agreements and use of blockchain to facilitate electricity trading. 

13   It  is  in  the  interest  of  all  participating  countries  to  further  interconnect  their  power  grids,  as  a  means  to 
optimise the deployment of low-carbon power generation other than hydropower, to maintain grid stability 
and  security  while  expanding  the  use  of  intermittent  and  diversified  power  sources.  Electricity  storage, 
digitalisation of the power grid and smart grids offer further opportunities for reducing costs and improving 
the service. Electricity market integration and, market coupling would be more efficient should investments 
in new power infrastructure become a reality. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
reducing costs and improving the service. 

•  The  power  networks  can  have  an  impact  on  nature  and  biodiversity.  New 
power  grid  should  avoid  as  much  as  possible  degradation  of  ecosystem, 
particularly 
in  Natura  2000  areas  and  plan  for  appropriate  mitigation 
measures. 

•  Ensuring full implementation of relevant EU and Energy Community acquis to 

allow for further market integration within the region. 

•  Possibility  for  the  electricity  grid  to  accommodate  the  generation  of  large 
amounts  of  electricity  from  intermittent  renewable  and  distributed  energy 
sources. 

•  Removal of regulatory barriers hindering energy market integration as well as 

the functioning of power exchange through the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

Under flagship POWER NETWORKS AND MARKET FOR A GREEN ADRIATIC- IONIAN 
REGION the following masterplan was developed: 

•  Strategy MPEN – master plan of energy networks for the Adriatic-Ionian 

region with time horizons the years 2030 and 2050 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Indicators 

Indicator name  

OI. Number of 
completed or 
implemented 
transnational 
interconnectors and 
links for the Trans-
Balkan Electricity 
Corridor 

OI. Master plan 2026 
on energy and 
energy networks for 
the Adriatic-Ionian 
region. Activity is 
cross-cutting Topic 
2.4 and Topic 2.5 

RI: The strategy 
master plan 2026 on 
Energy would 
update and upgrade 
the 2023 master 
plan on energy 
networks for the 
Adriatic and Ionian 
region with a view to 
EU enlargement as 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO81  Interreg: 
in 
Participation 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

for 
or 

RCO117 
Interreg: 
Solutions 
legal 
administrative 
obstacles  across 
border identified 
RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies  and 
action 
plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79  Interreg: 
Joint  strategies 
and 
action 
plans  taken  up 
by 
organisations 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 (2023) 

2 (2027) 

TSG 

Master plan 
2023 

1 (2026) 

TSG2 

Master plan 
2023 

1(2026) 

TSG2 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
set out by a key 
horizontal topic of 
the Strategy. Time 
horizons are the 
years 2030 and 
2050. Activity is 
cross-cutting the 
entire Topic 2.4 and 
Topic 2.5 of the 
action plan. 
OI. Roadmap 2026 
towards an 
electricity market 
and natural gas 
trading hub for the 
Adriatic -Ionian 
region. Activity 
cross-cutting Action 
2.4.1 and Action 
2.4.2 

Update(2023) 

1 (2026) 

TSG 

RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies  and 
action 
plans 
jointly 
developed 

OI. Operation of the 
Western Balkan 
Energy Regulators 
School 

RCO85 Interreg: 
Participations in 
joint training 
schemes 

0 (2023) 

1(2025) 

TSG 

0 (2023) 

1(2027) 

TSG 

0 (2023) 

1 (2027) 

TSG 

0 (2023) 

1 (2027) 

TSG 

RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCO117 
Interreg: 
Solutions for 
legal or 
administrative 
obstacles across 
border identified 

RCO83 Interreg: 
Strategies  and 
action 
plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCO116 
Interreg:  Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RI. Improved 
electricity 
interconnection in 
the region with 
reduced electricity 
cost, sharing spare 
capacity and 
increased supply 
reliability with a 
view at the 
horizontal topic of 
EU enlargement 

RI. Deciding on 
priorities with a view 
at different shared 
policy scenarios 
according to a long-
term perspective 
(years 2030 and 
2050 as the time 
horizon) 

RI. Integration of 
power and natural 
gas markets of the 
region in view of 
integration with the 
EU internal energy 
market. First 
achievements 
expected: market 
coupling with the 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU, implementing 
the EU legal 
framework on risk 
preparedness in 
electricity security of 
supply. Energy 
market integration is 
key element to the 
horizontal topic of 
EU enlargement. 
Activity is cross-
cutting Action 2.4.1 
and 2.4.2.  
RI. Training of 
energy (electricity 
and natural gas) 
regulators from the 
Adriatic and Ionian 
region according to 
shared principles, 
methodologies and 
criteria with a view 
at the integrated 
energy networks 
through the region 
and compliance with 
EU directives and 
regulations. Activity 
is cross-cutting 
Action 2.4.1 and 
Action 2.4.2. 

0(2023) 

1(2025) 

TSG 

RCO81 Interreg: 
Completion of 
joint training 
schemes 

2.4.4 

Action– Integrated energy corridors 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Completion of the integrated energy corridors, infrastructure and market 
supporting the energy transition and short-term security of energy supply of the 
Adriatic-Ionian region14 

•  Master plan 2026 of energy and energy networks and road map 2026 towards 

energy market activity as under Action 2.4.1. 

•  Subject  to  market  interest  and  financial  viability,  and  in  view  of  the  need  to 
avoid  stranded  assets,  supporting  projects  concerning  cross-border  energy 
infrastructure,  including  completion  of  limited  number  of  gas  infrastructure 
projects for the security of immediate supply if adapted to future needs (e.g. 
renewable hydrogen). 

a)  Promoting and implementing interconnection between Croatia 

and Bosnia and Herzegovina 

b)  North Macedonia natural gas interconnectors with Greece and 

14   Monitoring  the  implementation  and  conclusion  of  projects  already  approved  and  supported  by  the  EU  - 

through the TEN-E, RRF, Energy Communities, etc.- to ensure the energy transition. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Serbia 

c)  New Compressor Station in Sulmona and Minerbio-Sulmona gas 

pipeline as part of the Adriatica Line project 

d)  Expanding of the Krk Liquefied Natural Gas terminal in Croatia 

with related natural gas network reinforcement 

e)  Developing the East-Med Gas Pipeline depending upon their 

continuing strategic interest and changing geopolitical context. 

•  Supporting projects  increasing gas storage capacities and their flexibility, and 
reverse  flows  for  security  of  immediate  supply  and  competitiveness  (not 
eligible under EU co-funding instruments). 

•  Developing  and  implementing  pilot  projects  for  adapting  and  repurposing 
natural  gas  networks  and  infrastructure  to  transport  of  renewable  and  low-
carbon gases. 

•  Promoting  cybersecurity  capabilities  for  the  resilience  of  the  natural  gas 

system when facing threats and incidents. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

•  The  Challenge  is to address the insufficiently  integrated  energy  corridors and 
infrastructure with a view at the energy transition of the Adriatic-Ionian region. 
•  Concurrent challenge is lack of readiness of the regional gas infrastructure for 

hydrogen. 

•  The  opportunity  for  all  participating  Countries  is  promoting  the  creation  of 
integrated  energy  corridors,  infrastructure  and market  supporting the  energy 
transition and security of energy supply of the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

•  The  expected  result  is  the  planning  for  readiness  of  the  regional  gas 
infrastructure for biomethane and hydrogen and the need to identify priorities 
for future investments in energy infrastructure. 

•  Other  result  is  the  removal  of  regulatory  barriers  that  hinder  energy  trading 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

through the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

Under flagship INTEGRATED NATURAL GAS CORRIDORS AND MARKET FOR A 
GREEN ADRIATIC- IONIAN REGION the following action plan was developed: 

•  Strategy AP - Action plan (Road Map) towards a Strategy Power Exchange and 

Natural Gas Trading Hub 

Indicators 

Indicator name  

OI. Operating 
Floating Storage and 
Regasification Units 
in the Adriatic-Ionian 
Sea 
Expansion of the Krk 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas terminal 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

1 (2026) 

TSG 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

OI. Pilot projects for 

RCO90 Interreg: 

0 (2023) 

1(2029) 

TSG 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
adapting and 
repurposing natural 
gas transport 
infrastructure to 
non-carbonated 
gases.  

RI. Improving 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas delivery and 
security of supply 

RI. The EU objective 
is at decarbonising 
the energy systems 
through the EU and 
candidate countries 
by the year 2050. 
Decarbonisation is 
mandatory. The pilot 
project might 
involve all the 
interested countries 
of the Adriatic- 
Ionian region. 

Projects for 
innovation 
networks across 
borders 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCO90 Interreg: 
Projects for 
innovation 
networks across 
borders  

0 (2023) 

1 (2027) 

TSG 

0(2023) 

1(2027) 

TSG 

2.4.5 

Action– Liquified Natural Gas logistics and infrastructure15 

Name of the 
action 

Description of the action 
Liquefied Natural Gas direct use, logistics and infrastructure, for marine and road 
transport,  as  well  as  other  use  (notably  in  process  industry),  to  ensure  short-
term security of supply. 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

•  Promoting  agreements  between  Port  Authorities  of  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian 
Seas on logistics for the deployment and use of Liquefied Natural Gas as a fuel 
for maritime transport. 

•  Designing,  constructing  and  operating  a  network  of  Liquefied  Natural  Gas 
refuelling  stations  along  blue  corridors  for  road  heavy  transport  and  rail 
transport. 

•  Promoting simulations and analyses of existing Liquefied Natural Gas terminals 
and storage facilities on their capability to receive hydrogen, biomethane and 
synthetic methane. 
•  Projects are planned for: 

a)  Marine and road truck engine conversion to the Liquefied Natural Gas use 

as a fuel; 

b)  Direct  small-scale  Liquefied  Natural  Gas  use  in  process  and  gas-intensive 

15   Ensuring that all EU countries have access to  Liquefied Natural Gas markets is a  key objective of the EU’s 
energy union strategy as it can contribute to diversifying gas supplies, thus improving EU energy security in 
the short term, while more sustainable solutions towards full decarbonisation by 2050 are established. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators 

industries and applications. 

•  Supporting  to  the  flagship  project  on  the  ‘Development  and  operation  of 
logistics  for  direct  Liquefied  Natural  Gas  use  as  clean  fuel  for  the  Adriatic-
Ionian region’. 

•  The challenge is to introduce and deploy Liquefied Natural Gas as a transient 
fuel  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  to  improve  short-term  security  of  energy 
supply  while  allowing  a  reduction  of  greenhouse-gas  emissions  along  a  mid-
term perspective. 

•  Other  challenge  is  to  make  plans  for  repurposing  the  Liquefied  Natural  Gas 
infrastructure  to  renewable  fuels  and  hydrogen,  biomethane  and  synthetic 
methane in the future. 

•  The  opportunity  for  all  participating  Countries  is  to  enable  and  benefit  from 
the  deployment  of  small-scale  direct  use  of  Liquefied  Natural  Gas  as  a 
transient  fuel  option  for  the  region  requiring  existing  and  new  logistics  and 
infrastructure which would be converted to delivery and use of hydrogen and 
other non-carbonated gas in the future. 

•  Deployment and use of Liquefied Natural Gas as a new energy option for 
security of supply and diversification through the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Planning for converting the Liquefied Natural Gas supply and use 

infrastructure to future deployment of hydrogen and non-carbonated gas. 

Under flagship DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF LOGISTICS FOR DIRECT 
Liquefied Natural Gas USE AS A CLEAN FUEL FOR THE ADRIATIC-IONIAN REGION no 
strategic implementation formats were developed yet. 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO87  Interreg: 
Organisations 
cooperating 
across borders 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

Indicator name  

OI. No. of 
agreements on 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas logistics 
between Port 
Authorities through 
the Adriatic and 
Ionian Seas signed. 

OI. Blue corridors 
and logistics for the 
use of Liquefied 
Natural Gas in road 
transport: 
preliminary design of 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas logistics. 

OI. Converting 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas infrastructure to 
deployment of non-

RCO84 Interreg: 
Pilot actions 
developed and 
implemented 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

1(2028) 

TSG 

0(2023) 

1(2028) 

TSG 

0(2023) 

1(2028) 

TSG 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
carbonated gases. 
No of pilot projects 
for hydrogen use 

jointly 

0(2023) 

1(2026) 

TSG 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
selections 

0(2023) 

1(2026) 

TSG 

0(2023) 

1(2027) 

TSG 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RCO84 Interreg: 
Pilot actions 
developed and 
implemented 
jointly 

RI. Agreement on 
the use of Liquefied 
Natural Gas as clean 
fuel for the marine 
transport would 
facilitate the 
adoption of 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas and other clean 
fuels through the 
Adriatic and Ionian 
Seas while 
harmonising safety 
requirements and 
logistics. Result is 
cross-cutting Topic 
2.1 and Topic 2.2 of 
Pillar 2. 

RI. Blue corridor for 
road transport 
implying Liquefied 
Natural Gas 
refuelling stations 
and cross-border 
agreements. Result 
is cross-cutting Topic 
2.1 and Topic 2.2 of 
Pillar 2. 

RI. Non-carbonated 
gases are key to the 
transition towards a 
net-zero carbon 
energy system. Pilot 
projects using 
existing or new 
Liquefied Natural 
Gas infrastructure 
would provide 
background and 
means towards the 
goal of 
decarbonisation. 

2.5 

Topic – Decarbonising the energy systems 

The leading objective is confronting global climate change while accelerating the transition towards 
decarbonised energy systems in the Adriatic-Ionian region, enhancing security of energy supply and 
delivery,  granting  affordable  and  equitable  energy  access  for  all  consumers.  Priorities  are  enacting 
the energy goals of The  European Green Deal, REPowerEU and the  Green Agenda for the Western 
Balkans.  The  decarbonisation  of  the  energy  systems  and  the  transition  towards  net-zero  carbon 
economies  will  entail  large-scale  deployment  of  renewable  energy  sources  and  other  low-carbon 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
improved  energy  efficiency, 

energy  options, 
increased  electrification  and  potentially  the 
development  and  use  of  renewable  hydrogen  for  hard-to-abate  industries.  Energy  technology 
innovation and digitalisation will be key drivers. 

New  market  structures  and  technologies  that  are  developed  and  deployed  would  imply  a  new 
organisation of the energy systems. In the past energy systems were based on long-distance energy 
networks and concentrated energy supply while the future will see more distributed and local energy 
production  and  delivery.  During  the  past  few  years,  active  consumers  such  as  prosumers,  energy 
communities  and  demand-side  participants  have  emerged  that  contribute  to  more  efficient 
decentralised  markets  and  networks  management.  For  these  market  participants  to  become  an 
integrated part of the energy system, any development of energy infrastructures should take them 
involved and into account. The transition towards decarbonised energy systems might require new 
forms  of  governance  of  the  transition.  Cooperation  in  the  development  and  implementation  of 
National  Energy  and  Climate  Plans  is  planned.  The  objective  under  this  topic  is  to  exchange 
experiences and consultation between and among countries from the Adriatic-Ionian region on the 
governance  for  the  energy  transition  and  public  acceptance.  Ad hoc  analyses  and  studies  can  be 
planned. Pillar 3 and Pillar 5 might have a role and contribute. 

Global  objectives.  The  commitment  to  tackling  the  existential  triple  environmental  crisis  (climate 
change, biodiversity loss and pollution, all driven by natural resources depletion) is this generation’s 
defining  task.  The  European  Green  Deal  was  presented  as  a  new  growth  strategy  that  aims  at 
transforming EU Member States and EU candidate countries into a fair and prosperous society, with 
a  modern,  resource-efficient  and  competitive  economy  where  there  are  no  net  emissions  of 
greenhouse gases in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use. This green 
strategy also aims to protect, conserve, and enhance the Adriatic-Ionian region’s natural capital, and 
protect the health and wellbeing of its citizens from environmentally related risks and impacts. At the 
same time the transition should be just and inclusive. It must put people first, and pay attention to 
the  local  communities,  industries  and  workers  who  will  face  the  greatest  challenges.  Since  it  will 
bring  substantial  change,  active  public  participation  and  confidence  in  the  energy  transition  is 
paramount if policies are to work and be accepted. 

Strategy objectives. It is assumed that the Adriatic-Ionian region should develop a collective ability to 
transform its economy and societies to follow a more sustainable energy path. Delivering substantial 
reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions is a challenge. It will require massive public investment and 
increased effort  to  direct private  capital  towards  climate  and environmental  action,  while  avoiding 
lock-in  into  unsustainable  practices.  The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  should  be  able  to  coordinate  and 
promote  its  efforts  towards  building  a  coherent  financial  public-private  system  that  supports 
sustainable  solutions.  These  investments  should  also  be  an  opportunity  to  put  the  Adriatic-Ionian 
region firmly on a new path of sustainable and inclusive growth while enhancing security of energy 
supply  and  delivery  and  ensuring  affordable  energy  access  and  equity.  Energy  efficiency 
improvements should be considered with a view to enhancing security of supply and to achieving a 
better degree of energy independence and to protect the environment. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, and the challenges and opportunities below, the activities under this 
topic aim at: 

68 

 
 
 
 
• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix across the Adriatic-Ionian region; 
improving  and  enhancing  energy  efficiency  of  the  economies  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region, 
through better energy use and management and thus reducing the energy intensity, in terms of 
the energy required for GDP unit; 
introducing  and  deploying  renewable  hydrogen  in  the  energy  mix  (particularly  for  the 
decarbonisation of hard-to-abate industries)  while  increasing cooperation on advanced energy 
technologies in the Adriatic-Ionian region; 
promoting  better  cohesion  through  the  development  of  energy  communities  in  the  Adriatic-
Ionian region; 
ensuring affordable energy supply by fighting energy poverty and protecting energy consumers. 

2.5.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities and challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Exploiting  the  potential  of  renewable  energy  sources  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  while 
respecting  the  environment  (e.g.  minimising  land  use,  avoiding  biodiversity  and  pollution 
harm,  prioritising  circular  economy  solutions).  Specifically,  solar  energy,  onshore  and 
offshore  wind  power  hydropower and  possibly  geothermal  energy  are  expected  to make  a 
substantial share in the future electricity mix. Furthermore, advanced biofuels would have a 
role in transport and other use. 

•  Providing  the  economies  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  (in  several  cases  with  significantly 
lower GDP per capita than the EU average) with opportunities for international investors in 
the green energy sector, while ensuring that transparent and reliable regulatory frameworks 
are in place. 

•  Making  the  transition  to  a  renewable-based  energy  supply  and  to  high  energy  efficiency 
driven by domestic resources can enable countries to capture increasing shares of the energy 
value  added  chain  within  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  progressively  build  domestic 
technological  capacity and  turn the energy  system  into  a  driver  of  clean economic  growth, 
and social cohesion. 

•  Accelerating  the  deployment  of  renewables  energies  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  and 
increasing  energy  efficiency  are  a  cost-effective  strategy  to  reduce  dependency  on  energy 
imports and improve the security of supply. At the same time, expanded electrification of the 
energy system with renewable energy sources would allow the phasing out of coal uses  as 
well as avoiding further investments in redundant natural gas infrastructure, which would be 
at  high  risk  of  becoming  stranded  if  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  is  to  meet  the  goals  of  The 
European  Green  Deal.  Deployment  of  flexibility  resources  would  also  enable  better 
integration of renewables into the existing energy systems. 

Challenges: 

•  Reforming  regulatory  and  administrative  procedures  to  streamline  the  integration  of 
renewable energy sources in spatial plans while promoting coordination of renewable energy 
sources regulations between and among countries. 

69 

 
 
 
 
•  Removing undue  restrictions to the  deployment of renewable energy sources (in particular 
fossil  fuel  subsidies)  grid  integration  restrictions,  streamlining  functional  power  exchanges, 
socio-economic and environmental barriers. 

•  Reducing  the  high  energy  intensity  of  several  participating  countries.  Reducing  energy 
intensity  is  the  challenge.  Efficient  energy  use  should  be  promoted  as  a  means  for 
environmental protection and economic competitiveness. 
Increasing share of greenhouse-gas emissions from the energy sector per GDP unit in some 
countries  from  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  with  consideration  for  the  high  dependency  of 
energy sectors on fossil fuels (i.e. lignite) and hydropower (affected by impacts due climate 
change and potential conflicts with Water Framework and Habitats Directives). 

• 

•  Accelerating  the  transition  towards  a  net-zero  carbon  economy  to  decarbonise  the  energy 
systems  while  promoting  security  of  energy  supply  and  delivery,  energy  affordability  and 
access. 

•  Reducing  the  cost  of  energy  transition  to  low-carbon  technologies,  stranded  assets  and 
stranded costs emerging form the phasing out of coal-using facilities and producing areas. 
•  Dealing  with  the  more  vulnerable  energy  customers  (due  to  the  possibility  of  increasing 

energy prices) in cooperation with Pillar 5. 

Further challenges: 

•  Creating an energy technology innovation facility or hub for the Adriatic-Ionian region with 
contribution  and  cooperation  from  all  the  participating  countries  while  exploiting  existing 
capabilities. 

•  Ensuring fair supply of strategic materials and critical components for the energy transition. 
•  Allowing  for  compensation  and  mitigation  mechanisms  for  stranded  costs  and  stranded 

assets resulting from an accelerated energy transition. 

•  Promoting the creation of new industrial players in the Adriatic-Ionian region to design and 

construct green facilities and supply energy-efficient systems. 

•  Providing  energy  supply  and  delivery  with  security  and  resilience  against  cybersecurity 

threats. 

2.5.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the action 
plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  The  shared  commitment  to  large-scale  development  and  deployment  of 
renewable  energies  and  energy  efficiency  is  a  key  element  for  the  integration  of  EU 
candidate countries into the common energy market. Net-zero carbon energy systems by the 
year  2050  are  the  ultimate  goal  while  the  national  energy  systems  should  be  organised 
accordingly. The National Energy and Climate Plans represent a step forward in the process 
of  EU  enlargement  which  is  followed  by  candidate  countries  The  enactment  of  activities 
under the topic Green Energy would provide a clear contribution. 

•  Capacity  building.  The  activities  planned  under  the  present  topic  require  appropriate 
governance  and  organisation  of  the  energy  system  to  involve  the  relevant  players  from 
administrations and industry. In particular, the large-scale deployment of renewable energies 

70 

 
 
 
 
• 

and  energy  efficiency  are  demanding  information,  initiatives  and  implementation  at  local 
scale within a meshed and distributed energy system where new types and forms of capacity 
building are at its background. Energy communities for the deployment and use renewable 
energies and energy efficiency are representing a promising advancement. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  activities  which  are  proposed  under  this  topic  have  their 
ground  on  energy  technology  innovation  and  technology  advancements  are  expected. 
innovation  and  research  and 
Cooperation  and  collaboration  on  energy  technology 
demonstration  will  be  promoted  while  participating  countries  are 
invited  to  share 
information  and  practice  on  their  best  cases  and  experiences  regarding  the  deployment of 
renewable energies and energy efficiency. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  Connecting  system  models/initiatives  (such  as  Climate-KIC)  to  support 
implementation of circular economy in participating countries and value chain development 
are expected under the present topic. In particular, circular economy and its principles are a 
driver  for  energy  efficiency  through  the  life  cycle  of  goods,  appliances,  and  industrial 
equipment. Clear synergistic interactions are expected. The deployment of renewable energy 
will  take  into  account  circular  economy  principles  (e.g.  longer  lifetime,  repairability,  reuse 
and recycle of materials). 

•  Green rural development. The deployment of renewable energies would contribute to green 
rural  development  activities.  Supporting  smart  community/village  and  energy  communities 
in rural areas would increase self-sufficiency, attractiveness, and sustainable development of 
the  rural  areas  (also  using  experiences made  in other  macro  regions). The  development of 
advanced second-generation technologies for the energy use of biomass16 might represent a 
valuable  asset  for  some  rural  areas  depending  on  local  circumstances  and  potential 
economic and environmental benefits. 

•  Digitalisation. It is assumed that the transition towards green energy and a net-zero carbon 
economy according to the long-form perspective and commitments can find a driver in the 
digital  transition  and  progressive  digitalisation  of  the  energy  system.  Vice  versa  the  energy 
transition  will  promote  further  digitalisation  in  the  economy  and  extended  use  of  artificial 
intelligence.  Applications  of  artificial  intelligence  and  blockchain  are  envisaged.  Artificial 
intelligence  will  be  a  key  instrument  in  the  operation,  management  and  maintenance  of 
remote  renewable  energy  systems  while  artificial  intelligence  would  also  entail  a  new 
generation  of  energy-efficient  applications  and  arrangements  in  the  residential,  transport, 
industrial and services sectors. 

2.5.3 

Cooperation in deployment of renewable energy sources in the Adriatic-Ionian 
region 

Name of the 
action 

Description of the action 
Cooperation in deployment of renewable energy sources in the Adriatic-Ionian 
region 

16   In  line  with  the  sustainability  and  greenhouse-gas-emission-saving  criteria  set  in  the  revised  Renewable 

Energy Directive (EU/2023/2413). 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

•  Master plan 2026 of energy and energy networks for the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

Activity as under Action 2.4.1. 

•  Convening a Strategy Conference for Cooperation in the Adriatic-Ionian region 
to Confront Global Climate Change Challenge. Cooperating in the development 
and  implementation  of  National  Energy  and  Climate  Plans  with  a  view  at 
decarbonising  the  energy  system,  energy  security  and  sustainability.  Activity 
cross-cutting the entire Topic 2.5. 

•  Preparing  a  Renewable  Energy  Roadmap  for  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  while 
implementation 

the  renewable  energy  potential, 

mapping 
challenges and barriers to renewable energy sources. 

identifying 

•  Promoting  and  guiding  the  use  and  production  of  renewable  energies  in  the 

• 

residential, transport, industry, and services sectors. 
Integrating  and  managing  renewable  energy  energies  into  existing  energy 
systems and cooperating for the establishment of a comprehensive investment 
and regulatory framework. 

•  Supporting  and  creating  energy  communities  according  to  the  EU  directives 
and regulations. Promoting cooperation and exchange of experiences amongst 
energy  communities  as  well  as  through  macro-regional  networking  and  best 
practice sharing. 

•  Support projects of biomass refineries for production of advanced biofuel. 
•  Cooperation envisaged and new projects would include: 

a)  Supporting alignment of countries from the Adriatic-Ionian region with the 
EU acquis related to the decarbonisation of the energy systems under the 
Energy Community. 

b)  Cooperating on low-carbon and de-carbonised district heating solutions as 

well projects for desalination of sea water. 

c)  Cooperating  in  fund-raising  and  joint  regional  project  proposals  on 

renewable energy sources. 

d)  Exploring  opportunities  offered  by  European  initiatives  (such  as  the  ‘Coal 
regions  in  transition’,  Western  Balkan  Economic  and  Investment  Plan, 
European  Climate  Pact)  for  encouraging  best  practice  sharing,  capacity 
building and cooperation during the phasing  - out of coal  -  fuelled power 
plants and process industry. 
Implementing  the  project  for  ‘Harnessing  Offshore  Renewable  Energy 
Potential in the Adriatic and Ionian Sea’. 

e) 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

•  The challenge is how to promote and guide large-scale deployment and use of 
renewable  energy  sources  through  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  in  particular  for 
power production. 

•  Opportunities  for  all  participating  countries  are  offered  by  solar  photovoltaic 
power,  wind  onshore  and  offshore  power,  advanced  biofuels,  geothermal 
energy in addition to hydropower. 

•  Other  opportunities  would  be  offered  by  new  arrangements  for  renewable 
energy  exploitation  and  use  such  as  the  energy  communities,  batteries  and 
other flexibility resources. 

What are the 

•  Expected  results  include  security  of  energy  supply  and  reduced  share  of 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
greenhouse-gas emissions through the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Other  results  would  entail  formation  of  new  enterprises  and  new  human 

resources with challenging prospects of employment. 

expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

/ 

Indicator name  

OI: Strategy Conference 
on Global Climate Change  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

RI: Aim of the Conference 
is at presenting problems, 
options, and solutions on 
how to confront the 
climate change issue for 
the Adriatic and Ionian 
region while developing 
harmonised positions and 
approaches. Cross-cutting 
aspects with Topic 2.4, all 
aspects of Topic 2.5 and 
Pillar 3 are relevant for 
the horizontal topic of EU 
enlargement. 

OI: Renewable Energy 
Roadmap for the Adriatic 
and Ionian region – study 
completed. 

RI: Focus of the 
renewable Energy 
Roadmap is at 
opportunities for 
progress and prospects of 
renewable energies in the 
region. Options for 
streamlining siting and 
operation are set out. 
Result is needed to cope 
with the horizontal topic 
of EU enlargement. 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

Concept (2023) 

1(2025) 

TSG2 

Concept (2023) 

1 (2025) 

TSG2 

Concept (2023) 

1(2025) 

TSG2 

Concept (2023) 

1 (2025) 

TSG2 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation  in 
actions 
joint 
across borders 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint  strategies 
action 
and 
plans  taken  up 
by 
organisations 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action 
plans taken up 
by 
organisations 

OI: Development of 
project for biomass 

RCO81 
Interreg: 

0(2023) 

1(2026) 

TSG2 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCO116 
Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

refinery for biofuel 
production. 

RI. Second-generation 
and advanced use of 
biomass would have a 
role within the expanded 
energy production and 
use of renewable 
energies in the Adriatic-
Ionian region. 
Biorefineries appear at 
the technological frontier. 

0(2023) 

1(2027) 

TSG2 

2.5.4 

Action – Improving energy efficiency in the through action and cooperation 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Improving  energy  efficiency  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  through  action  and 
cooperation 

•  Master  plan  2026  on  energy  and  energy  networks  for  the  Adriatic  and 

Ionian region. Activity as under Action 2.4.1. 

•  Convening  a  Strategy  Conference  for  Cooperation  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian 
region  to  Confront  Global  Climate  Change  Challenge.  Activity  as  under 
Action 2.5.1. 

•  Organising permanent Strategy forum on energy efficiency for the Adriatic-
Ionian  region  to  promote  and  foster  macro-regional  cooperation  in  all 
efficient  energy  uses,  energy-efficient  housing  and  industrial  processes, 
energy-efficient  public  buildings  and  services,  energy-efficient  mobility. 
This would include cooperation on: 

•  Public  lighting,  telemetering  and  monitoring  energy  delivery  and  use, 

energy-efficient city planning. 

•  Domotics,  heat  pumps,  energy-efficient  heating  and  cooling  for  buildings 

and residential purposes. 

•  Shared  recommendations  and  standards  to  combine  energy  efficiency 
measures with applications of renewable energies for residential purposes 
and services sector. 

•  Electric vehicles, low-carbon fuels and hydrogen for transport and mobility. 

Activity cross-cutting with Topic 2.2 and Topic 2.3. 

•  Strengthening  macro-regional  cooperation  on  energy  programmes  and 

plans. This would include: 

•  Addressing  administrative,  legal  and  financial  barriers  to  speed  up  a 
renovation  of  public  and  private  buildings,  including  cooperation  and 
sharing of best practices in designing innovative financing schemes. 

•  Cooperating  in  the  development  and  implementation  of  national  energy 

end-use building and industry renovation strategies. 

•  Supporting  macro-regional  networking,  best  practice  sharing,  capacity 

building and project development with energy efficiency. 

•  Developing  and  implementing  energy  communities  to  empower  local 
stakeholders by improving their capacities in exploiting renewable energy 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
increasing  energy  efficiency  on  a 

sources  and 
local  scale.  Energy 
communities  will  rely  upon  bottom-up  approaches  including  engagement 
of enterprises and enhanced mutual trust of local authorities and citizens 
who want to create instruments aimed at boosting the  energy transition. 
Activity will be shared by Action 2.5.1 and Action 2.5.2. 

•  Creating  and  harmonising  through  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  instruments 
aimed at fighting energy poverty and ensuring continuing and sustainable 
access  to  energy  for  the  isolated  communities  and  vulnerable  consumers 
groups notably, the elders and disabled consumers, persons under medical 
care requiring constant electricity supply, the poor, populations impacted 
by natural disasters (e.g. floods and earthquakes). Cooperation with Pillar 5 
– Improved Social Cohesion is planned to promote these aims. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

•  The challenge is reducing energy intensity of participating countries, notably of 
countries where energy intensity is well above the EU average standards. 
•  Concurrent  challenge  is  to  develop  norms  and  regulations  to  facilitate  the 
introduction of energy-efficient practices including digitalisation of the energy 
system. 

•  Opportunities  are offered by gains in economic  competitiveness and reduced 

energy cost. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

•  Removal  regulatory,  political, 

financial,  technical,  socio-economic  and 
environmental barriers to the deployment of energy-efficient technologies and 
their acceptance including electric vehicles. 

•  Alignment of energy-use efficiency through the Western Balkan region to the 

EU average standards. 
Introduction  of  means  to  exchange  information  on  energy-use  best  practice 
while sharing expertise. 

• 

/ 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

Indicator name  

OI: Strategy forum on 
energy efficiency. 

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0(2023) 

3(2027) 

TSG2 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RI: Improved efficiency 
through the entire energy 
system is key to align 
countries with the 
average EU energy 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action 
plans taken up 
by 

0(2023) 

1 (2027) 

TSG2 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
organisations 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action 
plans taken up 
by 
organisations 

efficiency standards while 
preparing for the EU 
enlargement according to 
a horizontal topic of the 
Strategy. The Forum will 
focus on solutions, shared 
practice and procedures. 
Pilot projects would be 
launched. 

OI: Establishment of 
energy community in the 
Western Balkan region. 

RI: Energy communities 
for energy efficiency and 
renewable energy 
sources are planned by 
new EU directives and 
financial support. The 
activity will contribute to 
the alignment of 
countries from the 
Western Balkan region to 
the best practice adopted 
by EU member states 
according to the 
horizontal topic of EU 
enlargement. 

0(2023) 

2(2027) 

TSG2 

0(2023) 

2 (2027) 

TSG2 

2.5.5 

Action  –  Promoting  advancements  on  energy  technologies  and  hydrogen 
economy 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Promoting advancements on energy technologies and hydrogen economy 

•  Strengthening  cooperation  on  advanced  and  sustainable  energy  technologies 
(energy  efficiency  and  renewable),  energy  technology  innovation  and  R&D 
while  promoting  effort  towards  the  establishment  of  an  energy  technology 
innovation  facility  or  hub  for  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  notably  for  the 
Western Balkans region. 

•  Advancing electricity storage, fuel cells, superconductivity, artificial intelligence 

uses through the energy systems. 

•  Promoting  renewable  hydrogen  production  and  use  through  different 

technologies and systems. 

•  Developing alternative  Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBOs)  for 
transport,  as  well  as  renewable  hydrogen  transport  and  storage,  renewable 
hydrogen  use  in  the  main  energy,  transport  and  consuming  sectors.  Activity 
partially cross-cutting with Topic 2.2 and Topic 2.3). This would include: 
a)  Preparing  a  hydrogen  production  and  deployment  roadmap  for  the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region  with  focus  on  opportunities,  roadblocks,  potential 
industry players and R&D needs; 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b)  Building hydrogen logistics, transport and storage; 
c)  Deploying  renewable  hydrogen  fuels,  RFNBOs  use  in  the  transport  and 

main energy-consuming sectors; 

d)  Developing  of  integrated  hydrogen  systems  while  including  advanced 
biofuels  and  RFNBOs  for  sectors  without  alternatives  (aviation  and 
maritime transport). 

e)  Supporting  the  North  Adriatic  Hydrogen  Valley  project  as  well  as  other 
hydrogen  projects  as  an  open-ended  hydrogen  valley  to  test  and 
demonstrate feasibility of hydrogen economy and technology; 

•  Projects  for  exploiting  advanced  digitalisation  techniques  and  artificial  in  the 

energy systems. 

•  Cooperating  on  advanced  nuclear  fission  power  and  nuclear  fusion,  including 
R&D  and  new  technologies  for  secure  exploitation  of  nuclear  energy  with  a 
view at new generation nuclear power plants and small modular reactors while 
exploring prospects for nuclear fusion. 

•  The challenge is accelerating the transition towards a net-zero-carbon 

economy. 

•  Concurrent challenge is maintaining and improving during the energy transition 

security of energy supply and delivery, energy affordability and access. 

Opportunities are offered by energy technology progress and advanced solutions 

including the production and use of renewable hydrogen and other low-carbon 
fuels. 

•  Prospects for hydrogen production and use, including the creation of ‘Hydrogen 

Valleys’ 

•  Forms of cooperation between countries of the Adriatic-Ionian region on new 

and advanced energy technologies to exploit results and foster 
entrepreneurship. 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data 
source 

0(2023) 

1(2027) 

TSG2 

0(2023) 

1 (2027) 

TSG2 

Common 
Indicator name 
and code, if 
relevant 

Interreg: 
RCO83 
Strategies 
and 
action plans jointly 
developed 

Interreg: 
RCR79 
Joint 
strategies 
and  action  plans 
taken 
by 
up 
organisations 

77 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

/ 

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Creation of energy 
technology innovation 
hub with focus on the 
partner countries. 

RI: Countries notably 
from the region lack 
capacity to innovate key 
energy technologies 
(including energy storage, 
carbon capture and 
storage systems, fuel cells 
and so forth) and to 
deploy the best solutions. 
The energy technology 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Definition 
(2023) 

Definition 
(2023) 

1(2026) 

TSG2 

(2026) 

TSG2 

Concept 
(2023) 

2(2027) 

TSG2 

0(2023) 

2(2027) 

TSG2 

innovation hub and new 
cooperation agreements 
would fill the gap. 

OI: North Adriatic 
Hydrogen Valley 
supported and outreach 
action completed. 

RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RI: The North Adriatic 
Hydrogen Valley as well 
as other hydrogen valley 
through the Adriatic and 
Ionian region are 
proposed for an outreach 
action with a view at the 
proposed European Bank 
on Hydrogen. 

OI: Advanced 
digitalisation of the 
energy system -. two pilot 
projects on digitalisation 
and artificial intelligence 
for the energy system 
developed. 

RI: Digitalisation and 
artificial intelligence are 
cross-cutting topics for 
the Strategy. Two pilot 
projects on advanced 
digitalisation techniques 
and applications will be 
designed and 
implemented according 
to a cooperative 
approach involving 
interested participating 
Countries. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Pillar 3 – Environmental Quality 

The Adriatic-Ionian region contains unique ecosystems. Overall, the Adriatic-Ionian region has a rich 
biodiversity in comparison to the average European region, with many species. All countries of the 
macro-region  provide  habitats  for  Europe’s  large  carnivores,  including  the  wolf,  the  Eurasian  lynx, 
and  the  brown  bear.  These  species  require  large  habitats  to  sustain  viable  populations,  and 
cooperation  is  therefore  needed  on  joint  management  and  on  ensuring  that  infrastructure 
investments will not result in significant fragmentation of important landscape features. 

The  Adriatic  flyway  is  one  of  the  main  routes  for  millions  of  migratory  birds  crossing  the 
Mediterranean, with birds making a resting stop along the eastern Adriatic. Several bird species also 
spend the winters in the area. The sparse number of undisturbed wetlands on the eastern coast of 
the Adriatic, lack of hunting ban areas and hunting rules which are not in line with EU legislation, (as 
well  as  low  enforcement  of  the  rules  in  place)  result  in  vulnerable,  threatened,  or  endangered 
migratory bird species being killed. This has impacts for the entire EU, as efforts to protect species 
breeding risk are being undone if protection is not ensured during migration17. 

The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  is  increasingly  vulnerable  due  to  human  expansion  and  climate  change 
effects,  including  rising  sea  levels,  erosion,  marine  encroachment,  saltwater  infiltration,  water 
shortages,  droughts,  and  biodiversity  loss.  There’s  escalating  strain  on  coastal  zones  and  their 
communities at both national and cross-border scales. Climate change amplifies these vulnerabilities 
and risks. Maintaining healthy ecosystems is crucial for human health, water, food, energy, climate, 
and biological safety. Such ecosystems are pivotal for sustainable growth and are at the heart of a 
sustainable blue economy. 

The  marine  realm,  a  vast  canvas  of  wonder  and  enigma,  faces  mounting  challenges  from  human 
actions.  The  intricate  marine  life  balance  is  jeopardised  by  numerous  human-induced  factors. 
Maritime  transport,  especially,  has  a  significant  footprint  on  the marine  environment.  The  Adriatic 
and  Ionian  Seas  are  major  conduits  for  worldwide  maritime  activities.  While  ships  enable  global 
commerce  as  they  navigate  these  seas,  they  unintentionally  affect  marine  habitats.  High-traffic 
maritime pathways, particularly in the Adriatic-Ionian region, are accident hotspots, posing threats of 
mishaps, oil discharges, and marine life disruptions. Recognising these dangers, national bodies are 
proactively  devising  strategies  to  lessen  maritime  traffic’s  adverse  effects,  especially  in  high-risk 
areas. 

Overfishing  is  another  major  issue.  Historically  viewed  as  an  inexhaustible  resource,  recent  data 
indicates the seas are not limitless. Fishing, vital for coastal populations and the global food network, 
has consequences. Overharvesting marine resources disrupts marine food chains. Accidental catches 
of  non-targeted  species  compound  the  issue,  often  resulting  in  dwindling  numbers  of  marine 
mammals, birds, and other unintended catch species. 

17   The EU introduced the ‘EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030’ in response to the European Green Deal. It aims 
to create a comprehensive Trans-European Nature Network, legally protecting at least 30% of land and sea, 
with one third under strict protection. This was endorsed by the EU Council of Ministers in October 2020. 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
Pollution  from  terrestrial  sources  is  a  significant  marine  challenge.  Coastal  zones,  teeming  with 
human activities, often discharge contaminants into the seas. These pollutants, from farm runoff to 
industrial  emissions,  can  harm  marine  organisms.  Effective  waste  handling,  especially  along 
coastlines, is crucial, underscoring the importance of holistic approaches to address this problem. 

Invasive foreign species also pose a threat to marine environments. These species, when introduced 
to unfamiliar territories, can dominate,  prey on, or introduce  illnesses  to indigenous species, often 
causing  major  ecosystem  shifts.  Some  marine  conservation  zones  have  acknowledged  this  risk, 
allowing regulated removals to oversee and limit  invasive species  numbers. It’s our shared duty to 
ensure future generations inherit vibrant seas, not barren waters. 

The  Strategy  aims  to  address  environmental  issues  faced  by  the  macro-region  will  contribute  to 
implementing  the  EU  environmental  acquis,  particularly  the  Marine  Strategy  Framework  Directive, 
the biodiversity strategy for 2030, Maritime Spatial Planning, EU Water Framework Directive, Urban 
Waste Water Treatment Directive, Nitrates Directive, Waste Framework Directive, Birds and Habitats 
Directives, Common Fisheries Policy, EU action plan: Protecting and restoring marine ecosystems for 
sustainable  and  resilient  fisheries  as  well  as  the  EU  green  infrastructure  strategy.  The  Strategy  is 
important  sub-regional  approach  to  enhance  and  complement  regional  activities  (Barcelona 
convention) ￼. 

Marine  protected  areas  are  vital  for  marine  environment  conservation  and  are  part  of  broader 
environmental  law  measures.  The  EU’s  focuses  on  the  legal  framework  for  creating  and  managing 
new  protected  areas.  Under  the  Birds  and  Habitats  Directives,  EU  Member  States  must  designate 
areas  to  protect  endangered  species  and  habitats.  The  Natura  2000  network  is  a  significant  global 
network for safeguarding nature in the EU. 

However, there are gaps in protecting marine elements  like  certain fish species, invertebrates, and 
offshore  habitats  under  the  current  directives.  The  EU  Commission  opts  for  a  practical  approach, 
emphasising  Natura  2000’s  broad  coverage.  The  Habitats  Directive  also  influenced  the  Berne 
Convention,  which  laid  the  groundwork  for  the  EU’s  Nature  directives.  But  their  implementation 
varies due to different legal systems. 

The EU introduced as well the ‘EU biodiversity strategy for 2030’ in response to the European Green 
Deal. It aims to create a comprehensive Trans-European Nature Network, legally protecting at least 
30% of land and sea, with one third under strict protection. This was endorsed by the EU Council of 
Ministers  in  October  2020.  The  EU  has  adopted  the  Nature  Restoration  Law  on  17 June  2024  to 
contribute  to  the  continuous,  long-term  and  sustained  recovery  of  biodiverse  and  resilient  nature 
across  the  EU’s  land  and  sea  areas  through  the  restoration  of  ecosystems.  The  law  lays  down  a 
framework  in  which  Member  States  will  put  in  place  restoration  measures  which  together  must 
cover at least 20% of the EU’s land and sea areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration 
by  2050.  This  builds  on  the  headline  ambition  set  out  in  the  biodiversity  strategy  that  by  2050  all 
ecosystems  are  restored,  resilient  and  adequately  protected,  and  that,  as  a  milestone,  Europe’s 
biodiversity is on the path to recovery by 2030. It is recognised that restoring nature will significantly 
contribute  to  the  EU’s  climate  mitigation  and  adaptation  objectives,  to  prevent  and  mitigate  the 
impact of natural disasters, and to the EU’s international commitments. 

Pillar  3  builds  on  past  period  2020–2023  when  flagships  were  designed  and  approved  and  are 
important  for  the  sustainable  development.  The 
recognising  the  vital  eco  system  services 

80 

 
 
 
 
preservation  of  these  is  essential  to  Europe’s  natural  heritage  and  requires  joint  action  and  cross-
sectoral cooperation (Pillar 3 matrix approved by the Strategy’s Governing Board in 2018) from the 
countries  concerned.  Several  countries  of  the  region  are  home  to  shared  eco-regions  stretching 
across borders. These eco-regions include the Illyrian deciduous forests, and the Dinaric Mountains 
and the Pannonian mixed forests. 

Reference should be made to the fact Adriatic sub-regional cooperation has been in the past, even 
outside the Barcelona Convention (institutional) framework, particularly accentuated in the field of 
protection and preservation of the marine environment. However, prior to 1990, and particularly due 
to the  isolationistic  policy of Albania,  this was  understood as a de  facto cooperation between Italy 
and the former Yugoslavia. The two States took active part in the existing Mediterranean cooperative 
arrangements which included, beside the Barcelona system, also the  General Fisheries Commission 
for the Mediterranean, in the field of fisheries, and the Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), 
in  the  field  of  marine  scientific  research,  while  specific  sub-regional  forms  of  cooperation  were 
primarily aimed at supplementing those already existing at the regional (Mediterranean) level. 

The  actions  included  in  Pillar  3  represent  a  selection  considered  by  the  Thematic  Steering  Group. 
Additional  ideas  for  actions  under  this  pillar  are  available  in  annex  6.2.  The  main  topics  covered 
under this pillar are: 

•  Topic 3.1 - Marine and coastal environment 
•  Topic 3.2 – Transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity 

3.1 

Topic – Marine and coastal environment 

Global objectives. Mitigation of/and adaptation to climate change might be possible by conserving 
and sustainably using the ocean and marine resources for sustainable development. Ensuring good 
environmental and ecological status of the marine and coastal environments in line with post-2020 
biodiversity targets of the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the relevant EU acquis, 
the ecosystem approach roadmap of the Barcelona Convention and looking towards the 2030 targets 
in  line  with  the  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable  Development  (specially  the  30x30  target).  This  also 
includes also addressing threats to marine biodiversity and ensuring safety and security of green and 
blue corridors. And to contribute to the aim of the EU biodiversity strategy that Europe’s biodiversity 
will be on the path to recovery by 2030 for the benefit of people, climate, and the planet, in line with 
the  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable  Development  and  with  the  objectives  of  the  Paris  Agreement  on 
Climate Change and the EU strategy on adaptation to climate change. 

Strategy  objectives.  Therefore,  the  objective  of  this  topic  is  to  strengthen  the  collaboration  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region  in  improving  the  marine  and  costal  environment  as  well  as  biodiversity  and 
ecosystem  services.  This  includes  a  range  of  different  issues  where  joint  or  harmonised  efforts  to 
analysing risks, mapping, monitoring, awareness raising, and action are required. Efforts are needed 
to capitalise on existing networks, platforms and on results from EU-funded projects, especially in the 
context  of  the  Interreg  ADRION  Programme.  This  topic  is  also  to  be  seen  in  the  context  of 
strengthening circular economy activities in the region. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, and the below challenges and opportunities, the activities under this 
topic aim at: 

81 

 
 
 
 
• 

• 

• 
• 
• 

improving  biodiversity  and  ecosystem  services  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  through  better 
monitoring and management of the coastal and marine biodiversity and better coordination in 
the fields of maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal zone management; 
reducing  the  amount  of  microplastics,  oil  spills  and  other  pollutants  in  seawater,  leading  to 
improved water quality and reduced risks to human health and marine life; 
reducing the introduction and spread of non-native species and pollutants into the sea; 
adapt to new natural and biodiversity reality due the climate changes issue; 
increase  work  on  blue  and  green  corridors  to  achieve  good  environmental  status  and  ensure 
safety and security management on that regard. 

3.1.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces specific challenges and opportunities 
which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  contains  unique  marine  and  inland  ecosystems,  including  karstic 

regions and tectonic lakes. 

•  The  Adriatic  and Ionian  region  is characterised by rich marine  and coastal biodiversity. The 
Adriatic  Sea  hosts  nearly  half  of  the  recorded  Mediterranean  marine  species  and  several 
marine protected areas. 

Challenges: 

•  Adverse  impact  of  fishing,  extraction,  and  other  human  activities,  especially  on  sensitive 

species and seabed habitats. 

•  Aquaculture  is  a  rapidly  growing  industry  but  regulations  ensuring  its  sustainability  vary 

widely across countries. 

• 

• 

•  Excessive,  uncontrolled,  and  illegal  coastal  development  often  leads  to  destruction  of 
habitats  and  to  the  loss  of  the  natural  capacity  of  coastal  territories  to  adapt  to  changes 
(resilience). 
Increasing  numbers  of  invasive  alien  species  in  farming  activities  where  regulatory 
frameworks are lacking and ballast water discharge can pose a threat to the ecosystem. 
Intense maritime transport activities and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation result in 
oil  spills,  including  large-scale  pollution  events,  and  noise  pollution,  could  potentially,  if 
undertaken without adhering to the appropriate environmental standards. 
Insufficient  wastewater  treatment  in  several  participant  countries  leads  to  pollution  from 
rivers,  exacerbated  by  use  of  nitrates  on  agricultural  lands.  Pollution  is  also  caused  by 
ecologically  unsound  aquaculture  practices  and  excessive  use  of  chemical  and 
pharmaceutical products. 

• 

•  Marine  litter  stemming  both  from  land  and  sea-based  sources,  such  as  lost  and  discarded 
fishing gear and recreational activities poses  a severe  problem. There  is insufficient marine 
and riverine litter monitoring. 

•  The increasing number of offshore wind turbines and solar farms (floating or fixed) presents 

a new challenge in terms of spatial planning and the marine environment. 

82 

 
 
 
 
•  Recognise  environmental  and  climate  changes  risks  to  be  able  to  implement  Preventive 

actions on adaptation to climate change and prevent other environmental disasters. 

•  Measures/interventions  to  adapt  to  climate  change  are  insufficient,  considering  that  the 
Mediterranean has been identified as a hotspot by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change. 

•  There  is  a  need  to  broaden  and  improve  the coverage  of  habitat  maps of  the  Adriatic  and 

Ionian Seas, marine and maritime monitoring, and cross-border data exchange. 

•  Coverage in terms of offshore Marine Protected Areas beyond 12 nautical miles is the lowest 
of  all  EU  marine  regions,  while  existing  Marine  Protected  Areas  are  sometimes  not 
adequately managed. There is also an insufficient integration between marine conservation 
and marine spatial planning processes. 

3.1.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. In the context of the Strategy action plan’s ‘Marine and Coastal Environment’ 
topic,  the  activity  under  the  ‘Enlargement’  horizontal  topic  focuses  on  collaborative  efforts 
with  EU  candidate  countries  to  enhance  marine  ecosystem  protection.  This  collaboration 
aims to harmonise marine conservation policies and practices across the region, aligning with 
Chapter  27:  Environment  of  the  EU  acquis.  Key  areas  of  focus  include  marine  biodiversity 
conservation, pollution control, and sustainable fisheries management. The expected result 
of  this  activity  is  to  strengthen  regional  cooperation  in  marine  conservation  and  achieve 
harmonised policies across the EU Member States, San Marino, and candidate countries. 
•  Capacity building. Under the ‘Capacity Building’ horizontal topic in the Strategy action plan, 
an activity has been designed to enhance the capabilities of local communities, authorities, 
and  stakeholders  in  managing  marine  and  coastal  environments  sustainably.  This  involves 
comprehensive training programmes, workshops, and seminars covering marine biodiversity 
conservation,  sustainable  fisheries  management,  pollution  control,  and  coastal  ecosystem 
protection.  These  educational  initiatives  aim  to  empower  local  actors  with  the  necessary 
skills  and  knowledge  for  effective  environmental  stewardship.  Aligned  with  Chapter  27: 
Environment  of  the  EU  acquis,  this  capacity-building  activity  seeks  to  significantly  improve 
local and regional capacities in sustainable marine and coastal ecosystem management. The 
progress  and  effectiveness  of  this  initiative  will  be  measured  by  the  number  of  training 
programmes conducted and the observed improvements in management practices. 
Innovation  and  research.  Under  the  ‘Innovation  and  Research’  horizontal  topic  in  the 
Strategy  action  plan,  there  is  a  dedicated  activity  focused  on  promoting  innovation  and 
research  to  address  marine  and  coastal  environmental  challenges.  This  involves  the 
development of advanced technologies and methods for controlling marine pollution, with a 
particular  emphasis  on  oil  spill  detection,  plastic  waste  management,  and  sustainable 
fisheries.  This  activity  aligns  with  Chapter  27:  Environment  of  the  EU  acquis,  which 
encourages  innovative  approaches  to  environmental  conservation.  The  expected  results 
include the development and implementation of innovative technologies and practices that 
will significantly improve marine conservation efforts and enhance pollution control. 

• 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
This topic, as well as related actions are connected to green transition challenges and needs as they 
face environment degradation and contribute to strengthen climate action. 
Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  In  the  realm  of  Circular  Economy,  particularly  under  the  Marine  and 
Coastal  Environment,  a  pivotal  activity  involves  the  enhancement  of  recycling  initiatives 
coupled  with  a  concerted  effort  to  reduce  waste  in  coastal  regions.  This  initiative  aligns 
seamlessly  with  the  Environment  chapter  of  the  acquis,  emphasising  Waste  Management 
and the principles of the Circular Economy. The primary goal of this activity is to promote a 
decrease  in  marine  pollution,  concurrently  driving  an  upsurge  in  recycling  rates  within 
coastal  communities.  This 
immediate 
environmental  concerns  but  also  fosters  a  sustainable  model  for  marine  and  coastal 
conservation. 

integrated  approach  not  only  addresses  the 

•  Green rural development. As part of green rural development within the marine and coastal 
environment, an essential activity focuses on supporting sustainable agricultural practices in 
coastal rural areas, aimed at minimising runoff and pollution. This activity is linked with the 
chapters  of  the  acquis  concerning  Agriculture  and  Rural  Development,  as  well  as  Water 
Quality. 

•  Digitalisation.  For  Digitalisation  in  the  Marine  and  Coastal  Environment,  a  key  activity 
involves  the  development  of  community-based  applications  and  platforms  dedicated  to 
coastal  conservation  and  awareness.  This  initiative  aligns  with  the  Digital  Agenda  and  Civic 
Participation chapters of the acquis, emphasising the role of technology in civic engagement. 
The expected results from this undertaking include enhanced public engagement in coastal 
conservation  efforts  and  more  effective  dissemination  of  information  related  to  coastal 
environmental issues. 

3.1.3 

Action – Enhancing coastal and marine biodiversity 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Enhancing marine and coastal biodiversity 

•  Promotion  of  sustainable  blue  economy  of  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  by 
implementing  Integrated  Coastal  Zone  Management  and  Maritime  Spatial 
Planning including area-based conservation-management measures. 

•  Establishment  and  further  development  of  coastal  and  marine  biodiversity 
information networks and platforms for data and information exchange for all 
relevant  players.  This  will  be  conducted  in  constructive  interaction  with 
platforms already existing at Mediterranean level,  through  the INFO/Regional 
Activity Centre of the Barcelona Convention. 

•  Deciding  on  priorities  for  new  spatial  protection  of  regional  importance  in 
contribution to global and EU targets for biodiversity including identifying joint 
approach on the conservation measures with neighbouring countries. 

•  Research  activities  to  develop  knowledge  on  status  of  habitat  types  and 
species and identifying restoration activities for reaching good environmental 
status of marine ecosystems monitoring activities for migratory marine species, 
including  monitoring  of  threats  and  pressures  and  activities  to  address  them 
Promote the development of ecosystem services. 
•  Expanding the network of Marine Protected Areas. 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Which 
challenges and 
opportunities is 
this action 
addressing? 

•  Cooperation in management of marine protected species and of invasive alien 

species. This may be done in cooperation with Action 3.1.3. 

•  Development  of  measures/interventions  to  adapt  to  climate  change, 
considering  that  the  Mediterranean  has  been  identified  as  a  hotspot  by  the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 

•  Development of habitat maps coverage of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, marine 

and maritime monitoring, and cross-border data exchange. 

•  Overfishing, where it occurs, habitat degradation, and incidental catches pose 
serious  threats  to  marine  biodiversity.  Monitoring  and  enforcement,  in  some 
cases, are insufficient. 

•  Development  of  management  of offshore  Marine  Protected  Areas  beyond  12 
nautical miles is the lowest of all EU marine regions (focus on, existing Marine 
Protected  Areas  and  integration  between  marine  conservation  and  marine 
spatial planning processes). 

•  Excessive,  uncontrolled,  and  illegal  coastal  development  often  leads  to 
destruction  of  habitats  and  to  the  loss  of  the  natural  capacity  of  coastal 
territories and ecosystems to adapt to changes (resilience). 

•  The  increasing  number of offshore  wind turbines  and  solar  farms (floating  or 
fixed) represents a new challenge in terms of spatial planning and the marine 
environment. 

•  Mitigate the  impacts of offshore  renewables and adapt  them to the needs of 

nature protection, like e.g.: 
a)  Potential use of subsea offshore wind park infrastructure as artificial reefs 
and  breeding  grounds  for  marine  species,  while  fulfilling  all  applicable 
environmental standards and ensuring proper environmental monitoring; 
b)  Testing  nature  restoration  methods  for  management  of  degraded 

ecosystems; 

c)  Deploying  new  methods  and  technologies  for  environmental  monitoring 
and  management  and  mainstreaming  successful  approaches  in  line  with 
approached  and  methodological  standards  developed  under  the  Marine 
Strategy Framework Directive. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

• 
Improved biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 
•  Better  management  of  the  coastal  and  marine  biodiversity  and  better 
coordination  in  the  fields  of  maritime  spatial  planning  and  integrated  coastal 
management. 
Improved habitat maps, monitoring, and cross-border data exchange. 

• 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

Under  flagship  ‘Promotion of Sustainable Growth of the  Adriatic-Ionian  region by 
Implementing  ICZM  and  MSP  also  to  contribute  CRF  on  ICZM  of  Barcelona 
Convention and the Monitoring and Management of Marine Protected Areas', the 
following strategic projects were developed: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
• 

ICZM  and  MSP  -  To  promote  a  sustainable  growth  of  the  AI  region  by 
implementing  ICZM  and  MSP  also  to  contribute  CRF  on  ICZM  of  Barcelona 
convention 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  3MPS Monitoring and management of marine protected species 

Cross-pillar strategic projects 
•  CROSS-PILLAR 

ICZM&MSP  -  Using  high-quality  research  to  strengthen 
dialogues  and  institutional  capacities  for  effective  implementation  of  MSP/ 
Integrated  Coastal  Zone  Management  in  support  of  inclusive  and  sustainable 
growth in the AIR (Pillars 1 & 3) 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

(2023) 

TBD 

EU Countries: 
TSG3 
questionnaire 

0 (2023) 

TBD(2030) 

TSG 3 

0 (2023) 

TBD (2030) 

TSG 3 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
n.a. 

RCO85 Interreg: 
Participations in 
joint training 
schemes 

RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

Annex I 
DIRECTIVE 
2008/56/EC and 
Decision 
IG.26/3 COP 
Barcelona 
Convention 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Number of 
transboundary 
cooperation events in 
the field of MSP 
OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of 
global and EU targets 
for biodiversity through 
the participations in 
joint training schemes 
OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of 
global and EU targets 
for biodiversity through 
the participation in joint 
actions across borders 
RI: Biological diversity is 
maintained or 
enhanced. The quality 
and occurrence of 
coastal and marine 
habitats and the 
distribution and 
abundance of coastal 
and marine species are 
in line with prevailing 
physiographic, 
hydrographic, 
geographic and climatic 
conditions 

3.1.4 

Action – Reduction of the pollution of the sea and inland waters 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 

Description of the action 
Reduction of the pollution of the sea and inland/transition waters 

•  Cooperation on the assessment of the status, target setting, monitoring, 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
envisaged 
activities?  

reporting and implementation of measures related to marine litter and micro 
litter. 

•  Raise awareness about pollution deriving from maritime traffic and marine 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

litter from ships. 

•  Support the implementation of the Adriatic-Ionian sub-regional oil spill 

contingency plan (REMPEC). 

•  Support for development of suitable measures, practical solutions, and policy 

recommendations for the reduction of chemical and pharmaceutical 
substances in agriculture/aquaculture practices. 

•  Sharing of best practices in the field of waste management, including marine 

litter. 

•  Marine litter stemming both from land and sea-based sources, such as lost and 
discarded fishing gear and recreational activities poses a severe problem. There 
is insufficient marine and riverine litter monitoring. 

•  Microplastic pollution in seawater threatens human and ecosystems health 

• 

with unknown impacts. 
Intense maritime transport activities and hydrocarbon exploration and 
exploitation could potentially, if undertaken without adhering to the 
appropriate environmental standards, result in oil spills, including large-scale 
pollution events, and noise pollution. 

•  The Adriatic-Ionian region is characterised by high-traffic maritime pathways 
that are accident hotspots, posing threats of mishaps, oil discharges, and 
marine life disruptions. 

•  Oil spills pose significant risks to marine ecosystems, habitats, and species. 
Developing and approving oil spill contingency plans supports efforts to 
mitigate these risks and protect vulnerable coastal areas, including sensitive 
habitats, Marine Protected Areas, and fisheries grounds. 

•  Monitoring the number of oil spill contingency plans reflects compliance with 

different regulatory requirements (like International Convention on Oil 
Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation and the EU Directive on 
Maritime Spatial Planning) and demonstrates progress in implementing best 
practices for oil spill management. 

•  Agricultural nutrients and contaminants runoff to rivers and their consequent 

load in coastal waters, as well as the laying of a submarine pipe in the intertidal 
area to connect an offshore oil and gas platform to the terrestrial pipeline 
network. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

• 

Joint measures, such as clean-up programmes, addressing marine litter 
stemming from land-based sources, lost and discarded fishing gear, and 
recreational activities. 

•  Awareness-raising campaigns directed to managers, drivers and users of tourist 

boats. 

•  Reduction in the amount of microplastics and other pollutants in seawater, 
leading to improved water quality and reduced risks to human health and 
marine life. 

•  Activities supporting the implementation of the sub/regional oil spill 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

• 

contingency plan (REMPEC) for the Adriatic-Ionian region. 
Improved of monitoring and the knowledge base of nutrient flows and load, to 
enable better decision-making and more targeted interventions. 

Under flagship Implementation of Adriatic-Ionian Sub-regional Oil Spill Contingency 
Plan’ - ASOSCoP the following strategic projects were developed: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
•  NAMIRS – North Adriatic Maritime Incident Response System (Grant 

agreement for project under DG ECHO – Union Civil Protection Mechanism:  

•  NEATNESS - cleaN thE AdriaTic aNd thE Ionian sea from the plaSticS) 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint training 
schemes 

Completion of 
joint training 
schemes 
(RCR81) 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target 
value and 
year 

Data source 

0 (2023) 

tbd (2030) 

TSG 3 

0 (2023) 

tbd (2030) 

TSG 3 

0 (2023) 

3 (2023) TBD 

TSG 3 
questionnaire 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to 
measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
participation in joint actions 
across borders 
OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
participations in joint 
training schemes 
OI: Number of events on 
pollution deriving from 
maritime traffic and marine 
litter from ships 
RI: Marine litter does not 
adversely affect the coastal 
and marine environment 

RI: Concentrations of 
contaminants are at levels 
not giving rise to pollution 
effects 

RI: No. of dissemination 
events of the REMPEC 
contingency plan  

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

Decision 
IG.26/3 COP 
Barcelona 
Convention 
Annex I 
DIRECTIVE 
2008/56/EC 
Decision 
IG.26/3 COP 
Barcelona 
Convention 

Annex I 
DIRECTIVE 
2008/56/EC 
TSG 3 
questionnaire 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action 
plans taken up 
by 
organisations 

RI: Human-induced 
eutrophication is minimised, 
especially adverse effects 
thereof, such as losses in 
biodiversity, ecosystem 
degradation, harmful algal 
blooms and oxygen 
deficiency in bottom waters 

? (2023) 

TBD (2030) 

Decision 
IG.26/3 COP 
Barcelona 
Convention 

Annex I 
DIRECTIVE 
2008/56/EC 

3.1.5 

Action – Reduced pollution through ballast water and other releases in the sea 
and water 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Reduced environmental problems deriving from ballast water and other releases 
at sea from inland/transition waters 

•  Raise awareness about environmental problems from ballast water and other 

releases at sea and inland/transition water. 

•  Promote the use of technical equipment on ships for cleaning ballast water. 
•  Support  the  introduction  of  ship  tracking  by  discharge  via  the  Common 
Information Sharing Environment system at the Maritime Administration. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

• 

• 

Increasing numbers of non-indigenous species from other release (e.g. farming 
lacking,  and  ballast  water 
activities)  where  regulatory  frameworks  are 
discharge threaten ecosystems. 
Intense  maritime  transport  activities  and  hydrocarbon  exploration  and 
if  undertaken  without  adhering  to  the 
exploitation,  could  potentially, 
appropriate  environmental  standards,  result  in  oil  spills,  including  large-scale 
pollution events, and noise pollution. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

•  Reduced introduction and spread of non-native species and pollutants into the 

sea. 

•  Better environmental status of the sea. 
• 

Increase  safety  and  security  in  the  blue  and  green  corridors  to  achieve  good 
environmental governance. 

/ 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicator name  

Indicators How 
to measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

OI: Number of events for 
better environmental status 
of the sea  

OI: No. of dissemination 
events on the IMO 
Guidelines t 

OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
participations in joint 
training schemes  
OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
development of strategies 
and action plans 
RI: Non-indigenous species 
introduced by human 
activities are at levels that 
do not adversely alter the 
ecosystems. 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG3 
questionnaire 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG 3 
questionnaire 

0 (2023) 

tbd (2030) 

TSG3 

0 (2023) 

tbd (2030) 

TSG 3  

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies  and 
action 
plans 
jointly 
developed 

Annex I 
DIRECTIVE 
2008/56/EC 
and Decision 
IG.26/3 COP 
Barcelona 
Convention 

3.2 

Topic – Transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity 

Global objective. Transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity is increasingly under threat, due 
to human activities. Declining biodiversity and climate change effects are mutually reinforcing.  This 
pillar sets out to strengthen the collaboration in the Adriatic-Ionian region in improving the marine 
and  costal  environment  and  transnational  terrestrial  habitats  and  biodiversity,  by  further 
strengthening  the  development  and  use  of  common  platforms  for  data  exchange  and  joint 
monitoring,  supporting  the  implementation  of  Maritime  Spatial  Planning  (MSP)  and  Integrated 
Coastal Zone Management, also at cross-border and transnational level, strengthening the exchange 
of experience, and the development of innovative solutions in the region. Actions will ensure that the 
results of existing cooperation efforts are disseminated and capitalised. 

Strategy  objective.  Therefore,  the  objective  of  this  topic  is  to  address  threats  to  terrestrial 
biodiversity and contribute to the aim of  the EU biodiversity strategy, so that Europe’s biodiversity 
will  be  on  the  path  to  recovery  by  2030  for  the  benefit  of  people,  the  planet,  the  climate  and 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
economy, in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and with the objectives of the 
Paris Agreement on Climate Change. In the context of the Adriatic-Ionian region the aim is to protect 
and  enhance  natural  terrestrial  habitats  and  ecosystems  with  particular  attention  to  the  ecological 
connectivity of blue and green corridors/infrastructure. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, challenges and opportunities, the activities under this topic aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

reducing  conflicts  between  humans  and  large  carnivores,  among  others  through  improving 
institutional capacities; 
rehabilitating  and  restoring  sites  and  habitats  for  migratory  water  birds  occurring  within  the 
Adriatic-Ionian region, and developing harmonised research and monitoring methods; and 
improving  the  management  of  nature  resources  in  protected  areas  and  harmonisation  of 
national  and  transnational  policies  on  management,  including  more  environmentally  friendly 
farming practices, and better analysis and implementation of climate-related risk mitigation and 
adaptation measures. 

3.2.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked  to  the  above  objectives,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  faces  several  specific  challenges  and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  contains  unique  ecosystems, 

including  karstic 

including 

transboundary underground water bodies and habitats and tectonic lakes. 

•  The Adriatic-Ionian region provides habitats for Europe’s large carnivores, including the wolf, 

the Eurasian lynx and the brown bear. 

•  The  Adriatic  flyway  is  one  of  the  main  routes  for  millions  of  migratory  birds  crossing  the 
Mediterranean,  with  birds  making  a  resting  stop  along  the  eastern  Adriatic.  Several  bird 
species also spend winter in the area. 

Challenges: 

• 

•  Negative  effects  of  human  activities  on  transnational  terrestrial  habitats  and  biodiversity 
(e.g. land-use intensification and fragmentation), i.e. long-term viability of (large) carnivores’ 
populations  is  threatened  by  habitat  fragmentation  and  destruction  due  to  urbanisation, 
farming and linear infrastructure. 
Insufficient  integral  natural  reserves  and  connections  between  protected  areas  in  coastal, 
transitional environment and wetlands to preserve biodiversity. 
Increasing presence of non-indigenous invasive species also in coastal/terrestrial  areas (not 
only animals, but also plants and other species are threatening the endemic ecosystems). 
Insufficient  capacity  of  protected  areas  to  manage  natural  resources  and  to  harmonise 
national and transnational policies on management and conservation of large carnivores. 
Insufficient  Adriatic-Ionian  region-wide  scientific  evidence  and  coordinated  monitoring  of 
transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity. 

• 

• 

• 

91 

 
 
 
 
3.2.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  Under  the  ‘Enlargement’  horizontal  topic  in  the  Strategy  action  plan,  an 
initiative  focusing  on  collaborative  conservation  efforts  with  EU  members  country  and 
Republic of San Marino and candidate countries is being proposed. This activity involves the 
development  and  implementation  of  joint  projects  aimed  at  protecting  and  managing 
transboundary  terrestrial habitats  and  biodiversity. Such  projects  will  focus on  endangered 
species and critical ecosystems. Aligned with Chapter 27: Environment of the EU acquis, this 
activity emphasises nature protection and biodiversity conservation. The expected outcome 
is  an  enhanced  conservation  of  biodiversity  across  national  borders,  focusing  on  shared 
terrestrial habitats. 

•  Capacity building. Under the ‘Capacity Building’ horizontal topic in the Strategy action plan, 
there  is  a  key  initiative  to  implement  educational  initiatives  focused  on  terrestrial 
biodiversity  conservation  and  habitat  restoration.  This  activity  encompasses  training  on 
effective  biodiversity  conservation  strategies,  habitat  restoration  techniques,  sustainable 
land management, and species protection. Aligned with Chapter 27: Environment of the  EU 
acquis,  this  activity  specifically  targets  education  and  capacity  building  in  biodiversity 
management. 
Innovation  and  research.  Under  the  ‘Innovation  and  Research’  horizontal  topic  in  the 
Strategy  action  plan,  there  is  a  significant  focus  on  fostering  innovative  research  projects 
dedicated to habitat conservation, species protection, and sustainable land use. This activity 
seeks  to  explore  and  develop  new  methods  and  strategies  for  terrestrial  ecology  and  land 
management.  Aligned  with  Chapter  27:  Environment  of  the  EU  acquis,  the  activity 
emphasises innovative approaches to land and species conservation. The expected result is 
the development and implementation of novel conservation strategies. 

• 

This topic, as well as related actions are strictly connected with green transition challenges and needs 
as they face environment degradation and contribute to strengthen climate action. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  In  the  area  of  Circular  Economy,  particularly  within  the  scope  of 
Transnational  Terrestrial  Habitats  and  Biodiversity,  a  critical  activity  is  the  promotion  of 
sustainable land use and waste reduction strategies. This initiative is closely aligned with the 
Environment chapter of the acquis, with a specific focus on waste management. The primary 
goal here is to achieve enhanced biodiversity conservation, coupled with a reduction in the 
ecological footprint across transnational terrestrial habitats. 

•  Green  rural  development.  In  the  context  of  Green  Rural  Development  concerning 
Transnational  Terrestrial  Habitats  and  Biodiversity,  there  is  a  significant  emphasis  on 
encouraging biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices in rural areas. This approach is in line 
with  the  Agriculture  and  Rural  Development  and  Environment  chapters  of  the  acquis.  The 
main  objective  of  this  activity  is  to  enhance  ecosystem  services  and  conserve  biodiversity 
within rural landscapes. 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Digitalisation.  Under  the  theme  of  Digitalisation  in  Transnational  Terrestrial  Habitats  and 
Biodiversity,  a  key  activity  is  the  development  of  digital  tools  for  the  monitoring  of 
biodiversity  and  habitat  health.  This  initiative  is  aligned  with  the  Digital  Agenda  and 
Environment  chapters  of  the  acquis,  highlighting  the  integration  of  technology  with 
environmental  management.  The  expected  outcome  of  this  activity  is  to  enhance  the 
monitoring  capabilities  and  facilitate  data-driven  decision-making  for  the  conservation  of 
habitat and biodiversity. 

3.2.3 

Action – Joint population management for large carnivores 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Joint population management for large carnivores and awareness rising activities, 
protecting the habitats and working towards quality of life and coexistence18 

• 

Joint mapping, monitoring and population management plans for large 
carnivores and non-indigenous invasive species. 

•  Development of joint monitoring such as standardised methods and protocols. 
•  Support for international networking and exchange of experience between key 

stakeholders and authorities. 

•  Foster the coexistence of large carnivores and traditional agricultural activities, 

such us grazing. 

•  Capacity-building on population management for large carnivores, incl. cross-
sectoral cooperation (agriculture, spatial planning, hunting), stakeholder 
engagement and awareness raising for improvement of sectoral plans and 
practices and reduction of conflicts. 

•  Support the rehabilitation of the key habitats of international importance and 

improve connections between protected areas. 

•  Support to integration of the results and findings on population management 

for large carnivores in spatial planning and indicators measuring their 
implementation. 

•  Support to accession countries in aligning with EU Nature acquis. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

• 

• 

• 

Insufficient integral natural reserves and connections between protected areas 
in coastal, transitional environment and wetlands to preserve biodiversity. 
Insufficient capacities of protected areas for management of nature resources 
and to harmonise national and transnational policies on management and 
conservation of large carnivores. 
Insufficient Adriatic-Ionian region-wide scientific evidence and coordinated 

18   The initiative to set up a transnational platform for large carnivores in the area of the Dinaric-Balkan-Pindos 
was launched at the beginning of 2021. The aim of the platform is to set up a long-term mechanism for the 
exchange  of  experiences  and  data  management  of  large  carnivores  (Slovenia  to  Greece  for  bears  and  to 
Bulgaria  for  wolves  and  lynxes).  This  approach  reflects  models  established  in  other  regions,  such  as  the 
Alpine Convention or the Carpathian Convention, in which there is already established cooperation on the 
topic of tourism, agriculture, transboundary management of large animals, etc.  
In 2022, the continuation of activities is financed by the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU) which 
runs  the  Advisory  Assistance  Programme  to  support  projects  aiming  for  environmental  protection  in  the 
countries covered by the programme. The target  regions of the programme are the states of Central and 
Eastern Europe, the Caucasian countries and Central Asia. 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators How 
to measure the 
activities under 
this action? 

monitoring of transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity. 

•  Human – large carnivore conflicts properly addressed and minimised in a timely 

manner (communities and institutional capacity building implemented, 
exchange and implementation of expertise, knowledge, best practices transfer 
is improved). 

/ 

Indicator name  

OI: Number of cross-
border projects for large 
carnivore conservation  

OI: Number of public 
awareness-raising events 
focused on large 
carnivores 

OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
development of strategies 
and action plans 

OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
participation in joint 
actions across borders 
RI: Species show no 
deterioration in 
conservation trends and 
status 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

RCO115 
Interreg:  Public 
across 
events 
jointly 
borders 
organised 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 Interreg: 
Joint strategies 
and action 
plans taken up 
by 
organisations 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders  

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG 3 
questionnaire 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG 3 
questionnaire 

TBD (2030) 

TSG 3 

0 (2023) 

TBD (2030) 

TSG3 
questionnaire 

EU biodiversity 
Strategy 
dashboard 

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.2.4 

Action – Conservation of migratory waterbirds and their habitats 

Name of the 
action 

Description of the action 
Conservation of migratory waterbirds and their habitats: Support for 
implementation and enforcement of Agreement on the Conservation of African-
Eurasian migratory waterbirds (“the Agreement”) 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

• 

Identify  sites  and  habitats  for  migratory  waterbirds  occurring  within  their 
territory  and  encourage  the  protection,  management,  rehabilitation,  and 
restoration of these sites. 

•  Capacity  building  on 

incl.  cross-sectoral  cooperation 
(agriculture, hunting, spatial planning), stakeholder engagement and awareness 
raising for improvement of sectoral plans and practices. 

the  Agreement, 

•  Support  to  the  harmonisation  of  the  Agreement’s  research  and  monitoring 

methods in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Awareness  raising  for  the  need  to  improve  hunting  legislation  and  its  proper 

implementation. 

•  Support to accession countries in aligning with EU Nature acquis. 

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

• 

• 

Insufficient capacities of protected areas for management of nature resources 
and  to  harmonise  national  and  transnational  policies  on  management  and 
conservation of waterbirds and their habitats. 
Insufficient  Adriatic-Ionian  region-wide  scientific  evidence  and  coordinated 
monitoring of transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity. 

•  High risks of wildfires and the effects of heat and water scarcity on agriculture, 
outdoor  employment,  and  public  health.  Coastal  areas  are  vulnerable  to 
flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. 

•  Migratory  birds  navigating  across  borders  encounter  numerous  perils  such  as 

hazards, habitat degradation, pollution, and deadly power lines. 

•  Due  to  a  small  number  of  undisturbed  wetlands  on  the  eastern  coast  of  the 
Adriatic and the lack of hunting ban areas and hunting rules that are not in line 
with  EU  legislation, the vulnerable,  threatened,  or  endangered  migratory  bird 
species  are  being  killed.  Moreover,  in  some  countries  there  is  an  insufficient 
law enforcement of the rules in place. 

•  A comprehensive tracking of the number of rehabilitated and restored sites, to 
provide a measurable way to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts 
in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Rehabilitated  and  restored  sites  and  habitats  for  migratory  water  birds 

occurring within the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Harmonised  of  research  and  monitoring  methods  for  the  Agreement  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region  and  rehabilitation  of  key  habitats  of  international 
importance. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

•  Rehabilitation of the key habitats of international importance. 
• 

Improved  management  of  nature  resources 
in  protected  areas  and 
harmonisation  of  national  and  transnational  policies  on  management  and 
conservation of large carnivores. 
Improved  scientific  evidence  and  coordinated  monitoring  of  transnational 
terrestrial habitats and biodiversity in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

• 

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategy 
flagships and 
strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

How to 
measure the 
activities 
under this 
action? 

‘PET HAB ECO – Protection and enhancement of natural terrestrial habitats and 
ecosystems’ 

Indicator name  

OI: Number of surveys of 
migratory water bird 
populations  

OI: Number of events for 
improvement of sectoral 
plans and practices and 
to improve hunting 
legislation  

OI:  Number  of  activities 
supporting 
the 
implementation of global 
for 
and 
biodiversity  through  the 
participation 
joint 
actions across borders 

targets 

EU 

in 

OI:  Number  of  activities 
supporting 
the 
implementation of global 
and 
for 
biodiversity  through  the 
participations 
joint 
training schemes 

targets 

EU 

in 

RI: Species show no 
deterioration in 
conservation trends and 
status 
RI: No. of rehabilitated 
and restored sites of 
migratory water birds 
and their habitats 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG3 
questionnaire 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG3 
questionnaire 

0 (2023) 

tbd (2030) 

TSG3  

0 (2023) 

tbd (2030) 

TSG3  

0 (2023) 

TBD 

EU biodiversity 
Strategy 
dashboard 

TSG3 
questionnaires 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation 
in joint 
actions across 
borders 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in 
joint 
training 
schemes 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation 
joint 
in 
actions  across 
borders 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in 
joint 
training 
schemes 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg: Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

96 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.2.5 

Action–  Improve  interaction  between  anthropic  and  natural  ecosystems  and 
habitats 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which 
challenges and 
opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets 
of the action? 

Description of the action 
Improve interaction between anthropic and natural ecosystems and habitats 

•  Awareness  rising  activities  on 

implementation  and  financial  aspects  of 
environmentally  friendly  farming  practices,  with  focus  on  the  interaction 
between anthropic and natural ecosystems and habitats. 
Joint analysis on climate-related risks and mitigation and adaptation measures 
(e.g. forest fires prevention, native forest restoration, campaigns to regenerate 
the tree cover, nurturing patches of forest and woodland in agricultural/urban 
landscapes). 

• 

•  Support the development of ecosystem services. 

•  Lack of capacities of protected areas for management of nature resources and 
to  harmonise  national  and  transnational  policies  on  management  and 
conservation of large carnivores. 

• 

•  Absence  of  Adriatic-Ionian  region-wide  scientific  evidence  and  coordinated 
monitoring  of  transnational  terrestrial  habitats  and  biodiversity.  Western 
Balkan  is  one  of  the  regions  in  Europe  that  is  most  heavily  affected  by  the 
impact  of  climate  change  due  to  considerable  increases  in  temperature. 
Consequently,  it  is  necessary  to  introduce  new  best  practice  measures  on 
prevention of forest fires and forest restoration. 
Implementing new best practices for fire prevention will help the countries to 
adapt  to changing climate conditions and mitigate the  impacts of wildfires on 
forests and its unique ecosystems. 
Increase  in  adoption  of  environmentally  friendly  farming  practices  through 
awareness-raising activities and financial support. 
Improved  analysis  and  implementation  of  climate-related  risk  mitigation  and 
adaptation  measures,  such  as  prevention  of  forest  fires  and  native  forest 
restoration. 
Improved  management  of  nature  resources 
in  protected  areas  and 
harmonisation  of  national  and  transnational  policies  on  management  and 
conservation of large carnivores. 
Improved  scientific  evidence  and  coordinated  monitoring  of  transnational 
terrestrial habitats and biodiversity in the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

•  Raised  awareness  on  financial  aspects  of  environmentally  friendly  farming 
practices,  with  focus  on  the  interaction  between  anthropic  and  natural 
ecosystems and habitats. 
Joint  analysis  on  climate-related  risks  and  possible  mitigation  and  adaptation 
measures  (e.g. forest fires prevention, native  forest restoration, campaigns to 
regenerate  the  tree  cover,  nurturing  patches  of  forest  and  woodland  in 
agricultural/urban landscapes). 

• 

•  Promote the enhancement of ecosystem services. 

Strategy 
flagships and 

Under flagship PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF NATURAL TERRESTRIAL 
HABITATS AND ECOSYSTEMS - PET HAB ECO the following strategic projects were 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
strategic 
projects 

developed: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
•  FOREST READAPT - Renewal of the adaptation of coppice forests in a drastically 

changing environment. 

•  SEC-DIV-CONIFERS - Secure diversity through a holistic approach for the most 
threatened Mediterranean conifer ecosystems: combining genetic, physiology, 
biodiversity indices, germination and restoration. 

•  Bio-Shelters - Botanical Gardens as Biodiversity Shelters and Nurseries 

Indicators  

Indicator name  

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

How to 
measure the 
activities 
under this 
action? 

OI: Number of projects 
concepts addressing 
anthropic-natural habitat 
interaction 

RCO116 
Interreg:  Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

OI: Number of events 
and activities on the 
importance of ecological 
connectivity and its 
ecosystem services 

RCO85 Interreg: 
Participations in 
joint 
training 
schemes 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions taken 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

RCO 116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCO 85 
Interreg: 
Participations in 
joint training 
schemes 

RI: Introduction of new 
best practice measures 
on prevention of forest 
fires and forest 
restoration  

OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
development of joint 
solutions 

OI: Number of activities 
supporting the 
implementation of global 
and EU targets for 
biodiversity through the 
participations in joint 
training schemes 
RI: Significant areas of 
degraded and carbon-
rich ecosystems are 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG3 
questionnaires 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG3 
questionnaires 

0 (2023) 

TBD 

TSG3 
questionnaires 

0 (2023) 

TBD (2030) 

TSG 3 

0 (2023) 

TBD (2030) 

TSG 3 

EU biodiversity 
Strategy 
dashboard – 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
restored. Habitats show 
no deterioration in 
conservation trends and 
status. 

Target 4 
partially 
modified to fit 
action 3.2.3 

99 

 
 
 
 
4. Pillar 4 – Sustainable Tourism 

The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  is  rich  in  natural  and  cultural  heritage.  It  comprises  a  number of  Natura 
2000  protected  sites  and  72  cultural  and  natural  properties  belonging  to  UNESCO  World  Heritage 
List,  plus  44  elements  inscribed  in  the  UNESCO  list  of  Intangible  Heritage  Humanity.  The  heritage 
sites,  but  also  unexploited  natural  wealth,  are  a  significant  attracting  factor.  Recognising  the 
tremendous value that cultural and natural heritage brings to society it makes a lot of sense for these 
natural  allies  to  join  forces  in  order  to  help  protect  the  EU’s  exceptionally  valuable  yet  fragile 
heritage  for  future  generations[  The  ecosystem  services  delivered  by  Natura  2000,  the  European 
ecological network of protected areas and a pillar of the EU’s biodiversity strategy, have a great deal 
of potential to highlight and enhance the strong links between cultural and natural heritage. 

Indeed,  incoming  tourism  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  is  growing  steadily,  despite  the  rebound 
during  the  COVID-19  crisis.  At  the  same  time,  new  challenges  such  as  climate  change  and  natural 
disasters, e.g. floods, droughts and heat waves, pose severe threats for the future. 

The economy of the region is heavily depending on tourism – in most cases mass tourism. The issue 
of high seasonality in tourism industry (often overlapping with period of major water stress) affects 
employment,  environment  and  availability  of  local  services.  In  the  most  attractive  places,  it  has 
already created a situation of over-tourism at the expense of natural resources, cultural heritage and 
welfare of local communities. At the same time, tourism offers an important development potential. 
Innovation in tourism can help manage visitor flows and reduce the negative impacts on nature and 
resources. Rural and cultural tourism provides development and employment opportunities to inland 
marginal areas, isolated from the main areas of development. 

There are notable differences in tourism infrastructure in the region, with most of the EU candidate 
countries  lagging  behind  in  terms  of  marketing,  promotion,  quality  standards  of  accommodation. 
Although the digitalisation of the tourism industry offers new possibilities and increases the outreach 
for new products (sites, experiences etc.) there is a low level of investment. However, new emerging 
patterns  in  the  tourism  industry  –  in  terms  of  customer  approach,  new  products  and  experiences, 
and supply side – demand quick innovative reactions. 

In order to create a common understanding of sustainable and innovative destination management, 
all countries can learn from the more experienced destinations in the region. Macro-regional routes 
and cross-border networks can help to develop the Adriatic-Ionian region as one integrated tourism 
area. This pillar  focuses on promoting sustainable tourism  in the  Adriatic-Ionian  region, taking into 
consideration all the key dimensions of economic, environmental, cultural and social sustainability. 
The  work  of  the  pillar  will  contribute  to  promotion  of  innovative  ways  for  tourism  and  to  building 
resilience against global crises such as wars, climate change and loss of biodiversity. The  actions of 
Pillar 4 will be in accordance with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 
its  commitment  to  support  tourism  that  creates  sustainable  jobs  and  promotes  local  culture, 
products and services. 

The Strategy work in the field of tourism builds on the European Agenda for Tourism 2030 and will 
contribute  to  the  co-implementation  process  of  the  Transition  Pathway  for  Tourism  between  the 
European Commission, member states and tourism stakeholders. 

100 

 
 
 
 
It has the vision to promote innovative, resilient, sustainable and universally accessible tourism in the 
Adriatic-Ionian region. The activities aim at helping to support the digital and green transition of the 
tourism ecosystem considering relevant sectors and different public and private stakeholders. They 
will contribute to create favourable framework conditions supporting the sustainable management 
of  destinations  and  to  develop  new  capacities  and  skills  to  strengthen  resilience  and  prepare  the 
sector  for  the  future.  This  includes  also  ensuring  the  carrying  capacities  in  relation  to  nature  and 
environment  are not  exceeded and the  tourism  pressure  on the environment, in particular  Marine 
Protected Areas, is reduced. 

The  Strategy  promotes  the  ecotourism,  fishing  tourism,  agritourism  and  rural  tourism  and  the 
Mediterranean  Diet  and  local  organic  and  origin  production  as  drivers  of  sustainable  tourism  and 
socio-economic development within the Adriatic-Ionian region. 

4.1 

Topic  –  Facilitating  digital  and  green  transition  of  the  tourism  and  cultural  heritage 
offer 

Global  objectives.  The  tourism  ecosystem  was  among  the  most  severely  affected  ecosystems  by 
COVID-19.  Resilient  public  policies  and  favourable  framework  conditions  at  national  and  regional 
level aim at helping the tourism sector to recover and to develop a sustainable and resilient tourism 
offer.  The  green  and  digital  transition  has  to  be  promoted  and  implemented  by  all  tourism 
stakeholders to make the tourism and cultural heritage sector sustainable and resilient. Sustainable 
tourism  development  makes  optimal  use  of  cultural  and  environmental  resources,  helping  to 
conserve nature and biodiversity. It also respects the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, 
conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values. 

Strategy  objectives.  The  objective  of  this  topic  is  to develop  favourable  framework  conditions  and 
facilitate digital and green transition with the aim to diversify and strengthen the tourism offer in the 
Adriatic-Ionian  region.  This  covers  the  promotion  of  collaborative  governance  of  tourism 
destinations,  improved  exchanges  and  knowledge  on  statistics  and  indicators  for  tourism,  and  the 
promotion  of  digital  and  green  objectives  in  tourism  strategies.  Particular  efforts  are  needed  to 
capitalise  on  existing  networks,  platforms  and  also  on  results  from  EU-funded  projects,  especially 
ADRION.  In  the  long-run,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  could  become  a  global  leader  in  sustainable 
tourism, considering it is already one of the most extensively developed touristic macroregions in the 
world. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In  light  of  the  above  objectives,  challenges  and opportunities  below,  the  activities  under this  topic 
aim at: 

• 

• 

• 

setting  up  macro-regional  networks  and  routes,  to  promote  collaboration  of  tourism 
destinations  and  with  other  innovative  stakeholders  at  local,  regional  and  national  level,  and 
lead to tourism services and products based on cross-border collaboration; 
supporting  countries  in  progressing  towards  improved  tourism  data  systems,  that  are  in  line 
with European data systems and include sustainability indicators; 
helping tourism stakeholders to develop new capacities to integrate green and digital transition 
in tourism strategies. 

101 

 
 
 
 
4.1.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked  to  the  above  objectives,  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  faces  several  specific  challenges  and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Rich history and very diverse cultural heritage Rich customs tradition and intangible cultural 

assets (including traditional food and beverages, crafts etc.). 
•  Rich natural heritage, biodiversity and many protected areas. 
• 
Innovative way to deal with high-volume visitor inflows in most popular areas. 
• 
Large areas whose potential for tourism is not yet developed. 
•  Existing collaboration through tourism clusters and networks. 
•  Existing tourism strategies in most countries at national level to support the digital and green 

transition. 

•  Support digital and green transition in tourism through available EU and national funds. 
•  Strong  presence  of  CCIs  in  the  Area,  also  working  in  close  cooperation  with  the  tourism 

sector. 

Challenges: 

Intense seasonality of tourism. 

• 
•  Concentration on ‘sun and sea tourism’ products and services based on mass tourism. 
•  Unbalanced  territorial  distribution  of  tourism  offer  in  most  countries  (focus  on  urban  and 

coastal areas). 

Insufficient data on smart and sustainable tourism. 
Insufficient experience with sustainable tourism destination management. 

•  Poor implementation of sustainable tourism policies and responsible tourism concepts. 
• 
• 
•  New models and tools for stakeholder involvement (local population, communities, visitors). 
•  Complex and not harmonised regulatory frameworks. 
• 
Lack of knowledge on innovation and digitalisation practices in tourism. 
• 
Lack of infrastructure to support digital and green transition of tourism. 
•  Use of cultural heritage while ensuring its transmission to future generations 
• 

Lack of managerial capabilities within CCIs. 

4.1.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. Activities help candidate countries to better integrate with EU member states 
in field of sustainable tourism policies and related regulatory frameworks and activities in the 
fields  of  data  management  and  smart  specialisation.  Knowledge  transfer  will  take  place 
during  the  TSG4  meetings  and  other  Strategy  thematic  events  dedicated  to  tourism  and 
culture  by  promoting  best  practices  and  presenting  experiences.  Strategy  activities  and 

102 

 
 
 
 
 
projects should also address the enlargement chapters: 1-9 related to the single market, 28 
to consumer and health protection, 27 to environment and climate change, 15 to renewable 
energy,  21  to  Trans-European  networks,  10  to  Information  society  and  media,  11  to 
Agriculture and rural development, 12 to food safety, 18 to Statistics. 

• 

•  Capacity  building.  The  envisaged  activities  comprise,  among  others,  capacity  building  on 
data collection practices on tourism statistics and various efforts to strengthen the sharing of 
knowledge  and  experiences  of  data  using  for  policy  planning  e.g.  concerning  collaborative 
sustainable  destination  management  models,  innovation  of  tourism  products  and  services 
and the cooperation between private, public and non-profit stakeholders. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  digital  and  green  transitions  of  the  tourism  and  cultural 
heritage  offer  has  a  strong  focus on  innovation  and  great  potential  in  the  region.  It  is  also 
acknowledged  as  one  of  the  key  drivers  of  tourism  transformation  in  the  region  within 
respective  S3s.  Among  others,  it  includes  activities  on  sustainable  innovation  in  tourism 
destinations  and  promotes  collaboration  between  tourism  stakeholders  dealing  with 
innovation and research. It also includes monitoring tourist trends in the region. In order to 
ease  the  pressure  of  touristic  flows  during  the  pick  season  (classical  mass  tourism),  the 
Adriatic  and  Ionian  region  should  start  monitoring  touristic  trends  in  the  region  and  strive 
towards  a  balanced  tourism  development.  In  line  with  the  Sustainable  development  goals 
the  UNWTO  international  network  of  sustainable  tourism  observatories  is  trending  and,  in 
this respect, also a macro-regional observatory or information centre could be developed in 
order to measure the impact of tourism on the cities/countries/region, in close cooperation 
with CCIs. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. Sustainable tourism is an important element of the transition to a circular 
economy.  Activities  will  contribute  to  raising  awareness  of  the  importance  of  the  circular 
economy  in  tourism  as  a  key  element  of  sustainable  development  that  minimises  its 
environmental impacts, including waste  and pollution as well as CO2 emissions. Connecting 
business  models/initiatives  (such  as  Climate-KIC)  to  support  value  chain  development  and 
implementation of circular economy in participating countries. 

•  Green rural development. Activities under this topic will also address sustainable tourism in 
rural areas and thus contribute to green rural development. The promotion of the green and 
balanced tourism development will also include rural areas where is especially important to 
take  care  of  the  environmental,  economic,  and  socio-cultural  aspects  of  tourism 
development.  Supporting  smart  community/village  concept  by  increased  digitalisation  and 
public services uptake to support tourism development in rural areas. 

•  Digitalisation.  Digital  transition  of  the  tourism  sector  is  addressed  through  activities 
promoting  green  and  digital  transition  in  tourism  strategies.  Activities  under  this  topic  will 
contribute  to  the  innovations  that  ensure  the  continued  competitiveness,  growth  and 
sustainable development of the sector. 

4.1.3 

Action  –  Collaborative  governance  and  sustainable  innovation  in  tourism 
destinations 

103 

 
 
 
 
 
Name of the action  Collaborative governance and sustainable innovation in tourism 

Description of the action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

destinations  
• 

Sharing  knowledge  and  experiences  on  collaborative  destination 
management  models,  importance  of  circular  economy  and  nature 
conservation  in  tourism  and  the  cooperation  between  private,  public 
and non-profit stakeholders. 
Study  and  share  best  practice  on  sustainable  destination  governance, 
innovation  and  management,  e.g.  related  to  cruising  tourism  and 
nautical  tourism,  including  with  regards to  navigational  limitations  for 
nature protection and pollution prevention and remediation. 

• 

•  Developing  a  strategy  or  masterplan  on  green  and  balanced  tourism 
development. Most of the tourist visits are still oriented towards cities 
or centres, based around the coast of the Adriatic and Ionian region. In 
order  to  re-direct  tourist  flows  towards  the  hinterland  of  the  region 
and  rural  areas,  a  strategy  or  masterplan  should  be  developed, 
specifying  how  to  attract  and  engage  local  population  towards  the 
development  and  investment  into  tourist  offer.  The  Strategy  also 
should  take  into  account  the  social  and  labour  dimension,  such  as 
permanent  (not  seasonal)  workforce,  tourist  labour  migration  issues 
etc. 
Promote  the  collaboration  between  destinations  and  tourism  clusters 
to promote knowledge exchange on sustainable and smart innovation 
in  tourism  and  collaborative  destination  management,  with  a  specific 
focus  on  the  exchange  and  transfer  between  EU  and  candidate 
countries. 
Promote  the  collaboration  between  tourism  stakeholders  with  actors 
dealing  with  innovation  and  research,  nature,  culture  and  creativity, 
e.g. in the context of smart specialisation strategies. 

• 

• 

•  Development  of  ‘niche’  tourism  in  connection  to  sustainable  outdoor 
activities  could  encourage  the  extension  of  the  tourist  season  from 
‘summer’ season to the whole year season. That could be supported by 
different gastronomic offers and cultural activities and the inclusion of 
local  population.  This  shift  would  also  reduce  the  Strategy’s  region 
form  dependency  on  unbalanced  tourism  and  contribute  to  the 
Sustainable development of the region. 
Protect and promote Europe’s cultural and natural heritage as a shared 
resource  in  the  green  transition  aiming  at  nature  and  culture-based 
solutions. 

• 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

• 
• 

Intense seasonality of tourism. 
Excessive  focus  on  ‘sun  and  sea  tourism’  products  and  services  based 
on mass tourism. 

•  Unbalanced  territorial  distribution  of  tourism  offer  in  most  countries 

(focus on urban and coastal areas). 
Insufficient  experience  with 
management. 
Insufficient  knowledge  on  innovation  and  digitalisation  practices  in 

tourism  destination 

sustainable 

• 

• 

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

tourism. 
Insufficient infrastructure to support the digital and green transition in 
tourism. 
Integration of cultural heritage in digital and green transition. 

• 

• 

•  Macro-regional networks and routes developed. 
• 

innovation 

in  tourism  and 

Knowledge  exchange  on  sustainable 
collaborative governance between EU and candidate countries. 
Increased collaboration between tourism destinations at all levels. 
Sustainable innovation in tourism is facilitated through the cooperation 
between  tourism  ecosystems  and  other  innovative  players  at  local, 
regional and national level. 
Cultural and natural heritage as a transformative force for community 
regeneration being enhanced. 

• 
• 

• 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 

Under flagship EXPANDING THE TOURIST SEASON TO ALL-YEAR ROUND the 
following strategic project was developed: 

Monopillar strategic project 
• 

CruiseAir  -  Destination  Management  Plans  preparation  for  Cruise 
destinations within the Adriatic-Ionian region 

Cross-pillar strategic project 
•  ADRIONCYCLETOUR  -  ADRiatic  IONian  CYCLE  route  for  sustainable 

TOURism (Pillars 4 and 2) 

Under  the  flagship  ‘Development  of  Sustainable  and  Thematic  Cultural 
Routes/Connecting  Cultural  Routes  in  EUSAIR’,  the  following  strategic 
project was developed: 

Monopillar strategic project 
•  AIR  Cultural  Routes  -  Adriatic-Ionian  region  Cultural  Routes  Tourism 

Governance Model: An Opportunity for the EUSAIR Area 

Indicators  

Indicator name 

How to measure 
the activities under 
this action? 

OI: No. of activities 
promoting 
collaborative 
destination 
management and 
cooperation of 
tourism stakeholders 
with other sectors 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target 
value and 
year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation 
in joint actions 
across borders 

OI: No. of activities 
promoting 

RCO81 
Interreg: 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cooperation of 
tourism actors with 
other sectors/actors 
(innovation, creative 
sectors etc.) 

Participation 
in joint actions 
across borders  

OI: No. of activities to 
promote and raise 
awareness on the role 
of cultural heritage in 
the green transition 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation 
in joint actions 
across borders  

RI: Increase in the 
number of 
destinations that 
apply collaborative 
destination 
management 

RI: Destinations 
develop innovative 
tourism offer? based 
on cultural heritage 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions 
taken up or 
up-scaled 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions 
taken up or 
up-scaled 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

3 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

4.1.4 

Action – Promoting the use of smart and sustainable indicators for tourism 

Description of the action 

Name of the action  Promoting the use of smart and sustainable indicators for tourism 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

•  Sharing and transfer knowledge to candidate countries on requirements, 
implementation  needs  and  opportunities  of  European  tourism  data 
systems, such as the European Tourism Dashboard, DATES Project or the 
European Data Space for Tourism. 

•  Exchanging  experiences  and  best  practices  on  smart  tourism  data  and 

indicator systems at national and regional level. 

•  Organise  workshops  and  capacity  building  on  data  collection  rules  on 
tourism statistics and ways to include elements on economic, social and 
environmental sustainability. 

•  Analysing and preparing the use of sustainability indicators at destination 

level that will contribute to the innovations and facilitate research. 

Lack of data on smart and sustainable tourism. 

• 
•  Complex and not harmonised regulatory frameworks. 

•  Participating  countries  are  making  progress  towards  improved  tourism 
data systems, which include sustainability indicators and are in line with 
the European tourism data systems.  
Improved collaboration between stakeholder in field of data collecting, 
sharing and harmonising 

• 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

Strategy flagships 

Under  flagship  ‘RESEARCH  &  DEVELOPMENT  FOR  IMPROVEMENT  OF  SME’S 

106 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
and strategic 
projects 

PERFORMANCE  AND  GROWTH-  DIVERSIFICATION’    the  following  strategic 
project was developed: 

Monopillar strategic project 
•  CulTourAIR  -  Survey  on  cultural  tourism  demand  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian 

Region 

Indicators  

Indicator name 

How to measure 
the activities under 
this action? 

OI: No. of activities on 
EU tourism data 
systems 

OI: No. of activities 
promoting integration 
of sustainability in 
tourism statistics 

OI: Increased number 
of stakeholders that 
use tourism data 
sources  
RI: Number of 
destinations 
measuring and 
collecting statistics 
that include elements 
on economic, social 
and environmental  
Sustainability 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target 
value and 
year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 
RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders  

RCO81 Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders  
RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders  

4.1.5 

Action – Promoting the green and digital transition in tourism strategies 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Promoting the green and digital transition in tourism strategies  

•  Awareness raising and supporting the green and digital transition in all MS. 
• 

Stimulating  exchanges  of  experiences  and  ideas  regarding  national  or 
regional  strategies  taking  account  of  the  green  and  digital  transition  of 
tourism. 

•  Disseminating  best  practices  for  digital,  green  transition  as  well  as 

participatory and inclusive Strategy development. 

•  Developing  of  innovative  and  digital  solutions.  The  digital  solutions  in 
tourism  and  culture  sector  should  be  addressed  (i.e.  in  relation  to  tourist 
offer,  management  of  tourism  flows,  promotion,  reservation  system)  that 
can contribute to a balanced development of the Adriatic and Ionian region. 
Promoting  the  development  of  cross-border,  transnational  or  macro-
regional  strategies for sustainable tourism and green and digital transition 
in tourism through organisation of capacity-building training. 

• 

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

• 

Focus  on  ‘sun  and  sea  tourism’  products  and  services  based  on  mass 
tourism, lacking niche, quality-based products and services. 

•  Unbalanced territorial distribution of tourism offer in most countries (focus 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

on urban and coastal areas). 
Poor  implementation  of  sustainable  tourism  policies  and  responsible 
tourism concepts, accessible tourism including 
Lack  of  models  and  tools  for  stakeholder  involvement  (local  population, 
communities, visitors). 

Effective  cooperation  and  an  exchange  of  experiences  on  the  green  and 
digital  transition  in  tourism  strategies  have  been  established  in  the  AI 
region. 
Best  practices on  the  support/promotion of  green  and  digital  transition  in 
local,  regional  and  national  tourism  strategies  have  been  identified  and 
disseminated. 
Exchange  of  experiences  and  ideas  to  develop  cross-border,  transnational 
or  macro-regional  strategies  for  sustainable  tourism  and  green  and  digital 
transition in tourism. 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 

Under flagships ‘Development of the Network of Sustainable Tourism Businesses 
and  Clusters’  and ‘Green Mapping  for  The  AI  region  -  Supporting  Development 
and  Market  Access  for  Responsible  and  Sustainable  Tourism  Destinations 
(Management) and Micro/SME Operations in the EUSAIR region’, the following 
strategic projects were developed: 

Cross-pillar strategic projects 
•  BLUECULTURE  –  Development  of  Macro-Regional  Cluster  on  Blue  Culture 
Technologies  and  creation  of  International  Competence  Centre  (Pillars  4 
and 1) 
STETAI  -  Sustainable  Tourism  through  Environmental  Energy  Technologies 
in Buildings of High Architectural Interest (Pillars 4 and 2) 

• 

Indicators  

Indicator name 

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: No. of 
activities/projects 
promoting the green 
and digital transition 
in tourism strategies 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders  

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

OI: No. of activities to 
promote participatory 
and inclusive Strategy 
development in 
tourism 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders  

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RI: Increased number 
of data-driven 
destination 
management tools 
and green certification 
schemes 

RI: Participating 
countries or their key 
tourism regions to 
have comprehensive 
tourism strategies 

RCO116 
Interreg: Jointly 
developed 
solutions 

RCR104 
Interreg: 
Solutions  taken 
up or up-scaled 
by 
organisations 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

4.2 

Topic – Preparing for the future: knowledge, skills and management 

Global  objectives.  Tourism  is  a  unique  economic  sector  that  builds  on  effective  management  of 
destinations  and  on  quality  services  and  products  for  visitors  and  travellers.  The  green  and  digital 
transition offer new opportunities for tourism companies and destination management organisations 
to become more sustainable, innovative and shock resilient. However, the knowledge on sustainable 
practices  and  digital  tourism  is  not  yet  present  in  all  destination  management  organisations  and 
companies.  Especially  SMEs,  which  most  often  face  structural  challenges  and  lack  the  necessary 
knowledge,  skills  and  funds  to  introduce  new  sustainable,  circular,  energy-efficient  or  digital 
solutions  into  their  businesses.  SMEs  also  have  problems  learning  about  new  relevant  skills  and 
capacities or to identify and access relevant training and education opportunities. 

Strategy  objectives.  This  topic  addresses  knowledge  gaps  on  sustainable  destination  management 
and  green  and  digital  skills  in  tourism  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region.  The  objective  is  to  raise 
awareness on the opportunities of the twin transition and to develop, support and promote effective 
dissemination,  sharing  and  learning  on  green  and  digital  skills  among  all  tourism  stakeholders, 
especially destination management organisations, tourism business associations/cluster and SMEs. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In  light  of  the  above  objectives,  challenges  and opportunities  below,  the  activities  under this  topic 
aim at: 

• 

• 

increasing  the  level  of  knowledge  and  capacities  about  sustainable  and  smart  destination 
management among tourism SMEs and tourism stakeholders; 
a  wide  adaptation  of  education  models  and  skills  in  tourism  to  the  new  tourism  trends  and 
tourists  needs  including  people  with  access  needs,  in  particular  to  the  digital  and  green 
transition,  e.g.  through  corresponding  courses  at  universities/training  centres  and  the 
development/updating of national guidelines on training/education in the tourism sector. 

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.2.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities that the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Rich history and very diverse cultural heritage. 
•  Rich  customs  tradition  and  intangible  cultural  assets  (including  traditional  food  and 

beverages, crafts etc.). 

•  Rich natural heritage, biodiversity and many protected areas. 
• 
Innovative ways to deal with high-volume visitor inflows in most popular areas. 
• 
Large areas whose potential for tourism is not yet developed. 
•  Existing collaboration through tourism clusters and networks. 
•  Existing tourism strategies in most countries at national level to support the digital and green 

transition. 

•  Support  available  via  EU  and  national  funds  to  support  the  digital  and  green  transition  in 

tourism. 

•  Strong  presence  of  CCIs  in  the  Area,  also  working  in  close  cooperation  with  the  tourism 

sector. 

Challenges: 

• 
• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

Lack of experience and knowledge on sustainable tourism destination management. 
Lack  of  experience  and  knowledge  on  sustainability,  energy  efficiency,  and  circular 
approaches in tourism SMEs. 
Lack of knowledge on available funding opportunities for tourism actors. 
Lack  of  experience  and  knowledge  on  digital  practices  in  tourism  at  the  level of  SMES  and 
destinations. 
Lack of awareness in SMEs on the need to develop new capacities  and skills on digital and 
green tourism solutions. 
Lack of awareness in destination management organisations and tourism authorities on the 
tourism pathways and the twin transitions. 
Lack of visibility and knowledge on training and capacity-building opportunities on green and 
digital tourism. 

•  Need to integrate green and digital skills into the tourism education and training. 
• 

Lack of managerial capabilities within CCIs. 

4.2.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The activities help the candidate countries to better integrate with EU member 
states  in  field  of  sustainable  tourism  policies  and  related  regulatory  frameworks  and 
activities  related  to  knowledge  management  and  skills  in  the  field.  The  knowledge,  best 

110 

 
 
 
 
practices and experiences will be shared at the TSG4 meetings and other  Strategy thematic 
events. The Strategy’s activities and projects should also address the enlargement chapters: 
19  related  to  Social  Policy  and  employment,  20  to  enterprise  and  industrial  policy,  25  to 
science  and  research,  26  to  education  and  culture,  22  to  regional  policy  and  structural 
instruments, 23 to fundamental rights. 

•  Capacity building.  The  envisaged activities comprise among others capacity building with a 
strong focus on knowledge and skills needed for the future of the tourism sector, including 
e.g. reskilling, upskilling and renewing tourism education with new skills profiles in vocational 
education  and training  policy  and  curricula. The  activities  facilitate  also  learning  in  tourism 
SMEs  through  providing  user-friendly  access  points  for  tourism  SMEs  on  self-learning 
resources and through providing online spaces where tourism SMEs can connect with each 
other to share learning. Only proper addressing of this issue can give proper answers to the 
challenges  of  the  modern  society  (transition  to  sustainable  economy  and  society,  de-
population of ageing society, brain drain, economic migration, digitalisation, green and blue 
transformation, inclusion of youth). 
Innovation and research. The digital and green transition of the tourism industry and related 
skills  development  has  a  strong  focus  on  innovation  in  the  field.  The  activities  focus  on 
putting new solutions into practice, also in close cooperation with CCIs, and enable tourism 
players  to  learn  about  them.  Activities  will  contribute  to  the  development  of  data-driven 
destination management models and mechanisms as well as to innovative tourism services 
using advanced technologies and digitised cultural heritage. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. Sustainable tourism is an important element of the transition to a circular 
economy.  The  envisaged  activities  include,  among  others,  sharing  of  knowledge  on  best 
practices and experiences with green transition of tourism stakeholders and SMEs, including 
new skills necessary for circular economy approaches in tourism. 

•  Green rural development. Activities under this topic will also address sustainable tourism in 
rural  areas  and  thus  contribute  to  green  rural  development,  such  as  are:  sustainable  and 
smart  tourism  management  in  rural  destinations,  promotion  of  knowledge  and  skills 
necessary for stakeholders in rural tourism areas. 
Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  of  the  tourism  sector  is  addressed  through  activities 
promoting digitalisation in tourism, and the need to strengthen digital skills of players in the 
tourism sector. Activities will help to raise awareness on the need to develop digital skills as 
well as promote the future digital skills needed by tourism, cultural and creative sectors. 

4.2.3 

Action – Sustainable and smart tourism management and services 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Promotion of sustainable and smart tourism management and services  

• 

Promoting the exchange of information on best practice, peer learning and 
networking  on  sustainable,  accessible  and  smart  tourism  management 
practices and approaches. 
•  Awareness-raising  activities 

for  tourism  actors  on  the  benefits  of 

digitalisation and on existing digitalisation programmes. 

111 

 
 
 
 
 
Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Supporting  the  exchange  of  ideas  and  experiences  on  digitalisation  in 
tourism. 
Sharing knowledge on best practices and experiences with green transition 
of  tourism  stakeholders  and  SMEs,  in  particular  CCIs,  including  circular 
economy approaches in tourism. 

Lack  of  experience  and  knowledge  on  sustainable  tourism  destination 
management. 
Lack  of  experience  and  knowledge  on  sustainability,  energy  efficiency,  and 
circular approaches in tourism SMEs. 
Lack  of  knowledge  on  available  funding  opportunities  for  tourism 
stakeholders. 
Lack of experience and knowledge on digital practices in tourism at the level 
of SMES and destinations. 

Established  an  effective  cooperation  and  exchange  of  experiences  on  the 
promotion of sustainability, energy efficiency, circular economy and nature 
conservation in tourism. 
Increased  knowledge  and  capacities  among  tourism  stakeholders  about 
sustainable and smart destination management. 

•  Available  information  for SMEs  and  destination management  organisations 
to  learn  from  best  practices  and  support  ideas  on  the  benefits  and 
implementation of digital and green tourism practices. 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 

Under  flagship  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  NETWORK  OF  SUSTAINABLE  TOURISM 
BUSINESSES AND CLUSTERS 
GREEN  MAPPING  FOR  THE  AI  REGION  -  SUPPORTING  DEVELOPMENT  AND 
MARKET ACCESS FOR RESPONSIBLE AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DESTINATIONS 
(MANAGEMENT)  AND  MICRO/SME  OPERATIONS  IN  THE  EUSAIR  REGION  the 
following strategic projects were developed: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
• 

• 

• 

ProDestAIR  -  Adriatic-Ionian  strategy  and  Solutions  for  Smart  Integrated 
Destination Management based on Multiple Intelligence Systems 
LIVING THE SEA 4.0  -  Digitalisation of cultural heritage  of fishing traditions 
and  fish  industry  for  creation  of  virtual  touristic  points  of  interest  in  the 
region 
TG  AIR  -  Green  Mapping  for  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  -  Supporting 
Development  and  Market  Access  for  Responsible  and  Sustainable  Tourism 
Destinations and Micro/SME Operations in the region 

Under  flagship  TRAINING  AND  SKILLS  IN  THE  FIELD  OF  TOURISM  BUSINESSES 
(VOCATIONAL AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS) the following strategic project was 
developed 

Cross-pillar strategic project 
•  ADRIONet - Managing Tourism Flows in Protected Areas (Pillars 4 and 3) 

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicators  

Indicator name  

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: No. of activities to 
promote sustainable, 
accessible and smart 
tourism practices and 
management  

OI: No. of activities on 
the digital transition of 
tourism 

OI: No. of activities on 
the green transition of 
tourism 

RI: Increased number of 
destinations that offer 
accessible and smart 
tourism services 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target  value 
and year  

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation  in 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation  in 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation  in 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCR12 Digital: 
Users of new 
and upgraded 
digital services, 
products and 
processes 
developed by 
enterprises 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

RI: Increased number of 
destinations using 
advanced technologies 
and digitised cultural 
heritage 

RCO77 
Number of 
cultural and 
tourism sites 
supported 

RCR77 Visitors 

113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RI: Increased number of 
green tourism 
destinations 

of cultural and 
tourism sites 
supported 

RCO77 
Number of 
cultural and 
tourism sites 
supported 

RCR77 Visitors 
of cultural and 
tourism sites 
supported 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

4.2.4 

Action – Knowledge and skills for the future 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Knowledge and skills for the future 

•  Awareness-raising activities on the need to develop digital and green skills 
within  the  Tourism  Transition  Pathway  to  destination  authorities, 
destination  management  organisations,  tourism  business  associations, 
clusters and SMEs, in particular CCIs. 
•  Developing  opportunities  to  distribute 

information  on  key  support 
resources  and  funding  opportunities  for  skill  development  and  innovation 
in tourism SMEs on European, national and regional level. 

• 

•  Developing and renewing tourism education: promoting the incorporation 
of  new  skills  profiles  in  vocational  education  and  training  policy  and 
curricula. 
Facilitating  learning  through  providing  user-friendly  access  points  for 
tourism  SMEs  on  self-learning  resources  and  through  providing  online 
spaces where tourism SMEs can connect with each other to share learning. 
Promote the skills needed by cultural and creative sectors, including digital, 
entrepreneurial, traditional and specialised skills. 

• 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

• 

• 
• 

Lack of awareness in SMEs on the need to develop new capacities and skills 
on digital and green tourism solutions. 
Lack of knowledge on available funding opportunities for tourism actors. 
Lack  of  visibility  and  knowledge  on  training  and  capacity-building 
opportunities on green and digital tourism. 

•  Need  to  integrate  green  and  digital  skills  into  the  training  and  education 

curricula on tourism as well as to informal learning. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

• 

• 

• 

Raised awareness on the skills needed for the digital and green transition in 
tourism. 
Education  models  and  curriculum  in  tourism  adapted  to  new  tourism 
trends and tourists needs, in particular to the digital and green transition. 
Tourism  SMEs,  students  and  workers,  as  well  as  tourism  organisations, 
clusters,  universities  and  schools  can  find/feed  information  on  education 

114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and skills in tourism in knowledge portals and e-learning platforms. 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 

Under the flagship TRAINING AND SKILLS IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM BUSINESSES 
(VOCATIONAL  AND  ENTREPRENEURIAL  SKILLS)  the  following  strategic  project 
was developed: 

Monopillar strategic projects 
•  DES_AIR  -  Education  for  Integrated  Sustainable  Tourism  Destination 

Management 

Indicators 

Indicator name  

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: No. of activities to 
promote new skills 
and adapted curricula 
in tourism  

OI: No. of best 
practices shared on 
digital and green skills 
in tourism 

OI: Information on 
skills 
needs and training 
opportunities for twin 
transition in tourism 
disseminated 

RI: New curricula in 
tourism developed 
and implemented 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCR81 
Interreg: 
Completion of 
joint training 
schemes 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCR81 
Interreg: 
Completion of 
joint training 
schemes 

n/a 

0 p.a. (2023) 

5 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

0 p.a. (2023) 

2 p.a. (2030) 

TSG4 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint training 
schemes 

RCR81 
Interreg: 
Completion of 

115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
joint training 
schemes 

4.3 

Topic - Greening of Tourism products and services 

Global Objectives The concept of ‘green products and services’ usually revolves around three main 
pillars: environmental conservation, socio-cultural respect, and economic viability. These pillars guide 
travellers,  tour  operators,  destination  and  accommodation  managers  in  adopting  sustainable 
practices  that  benefit  both  the  environment  and  the  communities  they  visit.  In  the  context  of  the 
European  Union  (EU),  the  green  transition  of  tourism  products  and  services  is  a  crucial  goal.  The 
primary  goal  is  therefore  to  foster  eco-friendly  and nature  based  tourism  initiatives  that  showcase 
the  region’s  natural  and  cultural  and  natural  beauty  while  minimising  environmental  impacts.  This 
includes  expanding  sustainable  tourism  products  and  services  such  as  nature  trails,  wildlife 
observation,  and  eco-lodges  that  adhere  strictly  to  sustainability  principles.  Alongside  promoting 
these ecotourism offerings, there’s an emphasis on implementing sustainable resource management 
practices.  This  effort  focuses  on  the  conservation  of  water,  energy,  biodiversity  and  land, 
encouraging  the  adoption of  green  technologies  across  the  tourism  sector.  Additionally,  enhancing 
local  community  engagement  and  development  is  crucial.  The  Strategy  supports  initiatives  that 
empower  local  populations  through  job  creation,  skills  training,  and  promotion  of  local  crafts  and 
products,  aiming  to  foster  inclusive  economic  growth  and  the  transition  to  a  green  and  circular 
economy within the tourism industry. 

Strategy  objectives.  The  objective  for  greening  tourism  products  and  services  is  to  integrate 
environmental  sustainability  throughout  all  tourism  operations  and  development  processes  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian region. This approach involves supporting the preservation of the region’s natural and 
cultural landscapes while promoting sustainable practices across member states. To achieve this, a 
collaborative  framework  that  includes  government  bodies,  private  sector  entities,  NGOs,  and  local 
communities  is  essential.  This  collaboration  will  help:  (i)  develop  sustainable  infrastructure;  (ii) 
implement environmental education programmes; (iii) promote reliable ecolabels (such as the use of 
the  Natura  2000  logo  on  goods  and  services  and  the  EU  Ecolabel);  (iv)  promote  environmental 
management  schemes  such  as  EMAS;  and  (v)  draw  up  unified  sustainability  standards.  Moreover, 
building  resilience  and  adaptability  to  environmental  challenges  is  a  key  focus.  The  region  aims  to 
develop tourism strategies that enhance the sector’s ability to cope with climate change, biodiversity 
loss, and pollution, ensuring that tourism growth contributes positively to environmental and cultural 
resilience. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

The activities under this topic aim at the following. 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Promoting Ecotourism, Agritourism and Fishing Tourism. 
Promoting Rural Tourism. 
Promoting the Mediterranean Diet and local Origin Products. 
Supporting  cultural  preservation  and  enhancement,  recognising  and  capitalising  on  the 
Mediterranean  diet  and  local,  organic  and  origin  products  as  essential  components  of  the 
region’s cultural heritage and identity. This recognition serves not  only as a celebration of the 

116 

 
 
 
 
 
• 

• 

region’s  rich  historical  fabric  but  also  as  a  crucial  element  in  attracting  culturally-minded 
tourists. 
Fostering sustainable economic growth, the initiative aims to stimulate economic development 
and diversification in rural areas. This is achieved by promoting products of origin and organic 
production,  which  are  intrinsically  linked  to  sustainable  tourism  practices.  These  efforts  are 
designed  to  enhance  the  economic  viability  of  rural  communities  and  reduce  the  economic 
disparities between rural and urban areas. 
Fostering practices that enhance soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, ensuring that 
tourism  and  agricultural  activities  contribute  positively  to  the  environmental  health  of  the 
region.  In  terms  of  environmental  sustainability,  the  focus  must  be  on  supporting  the 
sustainable management of natural and agricultural resources. 

4.3.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

• 

Improve knowledge and skills of actors on the operationalisation of multifunctional linkages 
between tourism and agri-food. 

•  Harmonise the legal and policy framework in participating countries for the implementation 

of fishing tourism activities (e.g. pesca-tourism, itti-tourism) and agritourism. 

•  Create institutional collaboration frameworks and platforms between tourism and agri-food 

actors. 

•  To  systematically  integrate  the  ‘Bio-district’  concept  and  experiences  into  the  region-wide 

tourist offers as well as in tourist and rural development strategies and policies. 

•  Develop the interaction of small and medium-sized enterprises in agri-food and tourism. 

Challenges: 

•  Review  the  complex  and  not  always  harmonised  regulatory  frameworks  in  the  interaction 

between the tourism sector and agri-food one; 

•  Balance territorial distribution of tourism and agri-food activities in most countries; 
•  Avoid the abandonment of rural areas and migration especially of the youth; 
•  Mitigate the high footprints of tourism activities causing high environmental footprints; 
• 

Limit  the  mass  ‘sun-and-beach’  tourism,  especially  during  summer  putting  pressure  on 
natural and cultural resources, thus reducing high pressure on the nature and environment in 
coastal tourist areas; 

•  To mitigate the migration of skilled individuals from rural and coastal regions to urban areas. 

4.3.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

117 

 
 
 
 
Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The activities help the candidate countries to better integrate with EU Member 
States  in  field  of  sustainable  tourism  policies  and  related  regulatory  frameworks  and 
activities  related  to  knowledge  management  and  skills  in  the  field.  The  knowledge,  best 
practices and experiences will be shared at the TSG4 meetings and other Strategy thematic 
events. The Strategy’s activities and projects should also address the enlargement chapters: 
19  related  to  Social  Policy  and  employment,  20  to  enterprise  and  industrial  policy,  25  to 
science  and  research,  26  to  education  and  culture,  22  to  regional  policy  and  structural 
instruments, 23 to fundamental rights. 

•  Capacity building.  The envisaged activities comprise among others capacity building with a 
strong focus on knowledge and skills needed for the future of the tourism sector, including 
e.g. reskilling, upskilling and renewing tourism education with new skills profiles in vocational 
education  and  raining  policy  and  curricula.  The  activities  facilitate  also  learning  in  tourism 
SMEs  through  providing  user-friendly  access  points  for  tourism  SMEs  on  self-learning 
resources and through providing online spaces where  tourism SMEs can connect with each 
other to share learning. 
Innovation and research. The digital and green transition of the tourism industry and related 
skills  development  has  a  strong  focus  on  innovation  in  the  field.  The  activities  focus  on 
putting new solutions into practice, also in close cooperation with CCIs, and enable tourism 
players  to  learn  about  them.  Activities  will  contribute  to  the  development  of  data-driven 
destination management models and mechanisms as well as to innovative tourism services 
using advanced technologies and digitised cultural heritage. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. Sustainable tourism is an important element of the transition to a circular 
economy.  The  envisaged  activities  include,  among  others,  sharing  of  knowledge  on  best 
practices and experiences with green transition of tourism stakeholders and SMEs, including 
new skills necessary  for circular economy approaches in tourism  and knowledge  of reliable 
ecolabels and environmental management schemes such as EMAS. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  of  the  tourism  sector  is  addressed  through  activities 
promoting digitalisation in tourism, and the need to strengthen digital skills of players in the 
tourism sector. Activities will help to raise awareness on the need to develop digital skills as 
well as promote the future digital skills needed by tourism, cultural and creative sectors. 
•  Green rural development. As part of green rural development, an essential activity focuses 
on  supporting  sustainable  agricultural  practices  and  organic  farming  in  rural  areas.  This 
activity is closely linked with the chapters of the acquis concerning Rural Development It can 
significantly  contribute  to  the  sustainable  tourism  development  in  all  region  and  better 
connectivity  with  local  society  -  It  can  significantly  contribute  to  the  sustainable  tourism 
development in all regions and better connectivity with local society in line with the 'farm to 
fork'  strategy.  The  expected  outcomes  of  this  initiative  are  multifaceted,  including  a 
significant  reduction  in  agricultural  runoff,  enhancement  of  water  and  local  food  products 
quality,  and  consequent  improvement  in  the  health  of  marine,  rivers,  lakes  and  rural 
ecosystems and rural tourism offer. The activity will also concentrate on the socio-economic 
dimensions  of  agricultural  production,  including  job  creation,  fostering  entrepreneurial 

118 

 
 
 
 
opportunities,  and  revitalising  rural  areas  to  enhance  demographics  in  these  regions.  The 
realisation  of  these  goals  requires  the  active  participation  and  collaboration  of  various 
stakeholders,  such  as  cooperatives,  tourism  management  authorities,  cultural  and 
environmental NGOs. 

4.3.3 

Action – Promoting agritourism, ecotourism and fishing tourism 

Description of the action 

Name of the action  Promoting Agritourism, Ecotourism and fishing tourism 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

within participating countries. 

•  Harmonise policy framework for the rural and coastal tourism practices 

•  Promote  income  generating  activities  diversification  within  the  rural 
tourism sector, encouraging agritourism, ecotourism or fishing tourism 
practices in participating countries. 

•  Develop  professional  training  to  provide  operators  and  actors  with 

sustainable tourism management skills. 

•  Set  up  and  strengthen  regional  network  for  common  vision  and 

perspective and exchange. 

•  Promote  the  investment  in  new  technologies  and  modern  tourism 
infrastructure to enhance visitor experience aiming at the revitalisation 
of rural and coastal destinations. 

•  Promote reduction of waste generation and circular economy solutions. 
• 
Increase  awareness  and  improve  uptake  of  reliable  ecolabels  such  as 
the use of the Natura 2000 logo on goods and products, the EU Ecolabel 
for tourist accommodations and of reliable environmental management 
schemes such as EMAS. 

•  Promote nature and biodiversity conservation. 
•  Enhance local and traditional know-how as part of local heritage of the 

territorial and regional identity. 

•  Boosting  environmental  protection  through  responsible  tourism 

practices. 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

•  Safeguard of the historical background and a remarkably varied cultural 
heritage.  Deep-rooted  traditions  and  intangible  cultural  treasures, 
encompassing 
traditional  cuisine,  beverages,  crafts,  and  more 
traditional  local  cultural  heritage,  ensuring  its  preservation  for  future 
generations. 
Lack  of  harmonised 
in  participating 
countries  for  the  implementation  of  fishing  tourism  activities  (e.g. 
pesca-tourism, itti-tourism) and agritourism. 

legal  and  policy  framework 

• 

•  Migration of skilled individuals from rural and coastal regions to urban 

• 

areas. 
Lack  of  experience  and  knowledge  on  innovation,  sustainability  and 
diversification practices in tourism businesses. 
Lack of public investment for diversification activities. 

• 
•  Non-structured  and  attractive  valorisation  of  local  and  traditional 

• 

heritage. 
Lack  of  information  on  the  potential  of  local  resources  and  existing 
structures. 

119 

 
 
 
 
 
What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

• 

Lack of knowledge and experience in applying for the EU Ecolabel and in 
registering  to  EMA.  Lack  of  knowledge  and  experience  on  managing 
sustainable tourism in Natura 2000. 
Lack  of  information  on  the  opportunities  that  the  use  of  the  Natura 
2000 logo could bring to local economies and nature conservation. 
•  Employment opportunities  generated,  and thereby fostering economic 

• 

growth in rural and coastal areas. 

in  particular 

•  Boosting  environmental  protection  through  responsible  tourism 
in  protected  areas.  Existing  partnerships 
practices, 
between  tourism  stakeholders  and  conservation  organisations  to 
protect natural habitats and biodiversity in the Adriatic-Ionian area. 
•  Sustainable  agri-food,  fishery  and  rural  tourism  practices,  contributing 

to agricultural and fishery diversification developed. 

•  Opportunities  for  community-based  tourism  enterprises,  empowering 

locals to take ownership of tourism development created. 

•  The  existing  macro-regional  networks  and 

routes  have  been 
consolidated,  to  foster  the  collaboration  of  rural  and  coastal  tourism 
destinations  and  with  other  innovative  stakeholders  at  local,  regional 
and national level. 

•  Decrease  of  waste  generation  by  tourists,  increase  circularity  of 

• 

products in the tourism sector. 
Increased uptake of EU Ecolabel and EMAS, resulting in increased offer 
in  reduced 
of  sustainable  tourist  services.  This  will  translate 
environmental  impacts  from  tourist  accommodation  and  other  tourist 
services. 
•  N/A - New topic – to be developed 

Indicator name 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target 
value and 
year 

Data source 

How to measure 
the activities under 
this action? 

Indicators will be 
developed as part of 
implementation 

4.3.4 

Action – Promoting rural tourism 

Description of the action 
Name of the action  Promoting rural tourism  
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

while ensuring its conservation. 

•  Promoting Countryside activities: in mountains, lakes, rivers and forests, 

•  Promoting  Rural  heritage  activities:  Traditional,  Architecture,  craft 

heritage, pre-history, castles and villages. 

•  Promoting  Rural  life:  Crafts,  local  events,  Country  food,  Traditional 

music, ethnographic museums. 

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

•  Promoting Rural Activities: birding, cycling, walking, water sports. 
•  Developing  the  professional  capacities  in  decision-makers,  tourist  and 
rural  actors  in  the  development  and  management  of  rural  cultural, 
historical, biodiversity and environmental routes. 

•  Promoting  existing,  ‘Bio-district-like’  initiatives  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian 
region  and  encouraging  transfer  of  knowledge  and  good  practice 
sharing. 

•  Development  of  Rural  Tourism  in  areas  with  low  population  density, 
land  use  dominated  by  agriculture  and  forestry, 
landscape  and 
traditional social structure and lifestyle initiatives as part of the solution 
for  a  sustainable,  innovative  and  responsible  tourism  sector  in  the 
Adriatic-Ionian region. 

•  Coherent  and  systematic  integration  of  the  ‘Bio-district’  concept  and 
experiences into the region-wide tourist offers as well as in tourist and 
rural development strategies and policies. 
Increase the connection between tourism and agri-food sectors in most 
countries and regions. 

• 

•  Create  institutional  collaboration  frameworks  and  platforms  between 

tourism and agri-food actors. 

•  Develop the interaction of small and medium-sized enterprises in agri-

• 

food and tourism. 
Limit  the  mass  ‘sun-and-beach’  tourism,  especially  during  summer 
putting  pressure  on  natural  and  cultural  resources,  thus  reducing  high 
pressure on the nature and environment in coastal tourist areas. 

•  Mitigate  the  high  footprints  of  tourism  activities  causing  high 

• 

environmental footprints. 
Incorporation  of  cooperatives,  groups  of  growers  and  social  economy 
actors in the rural tourism activities. 

•  Balance  territorial  distribution  of  tourism  and  rural  agri-food  activities 

in most countries. 

•  Avoid  the  abandonment of  rural  areas  and migration  especially  of the 

youth. 

•  A positive trend of travel and tourism sector envisaged in the  Adriatic-
Ionian region envisaged in the coming years supported also by the good 
performances of some countries of the region. 

•  The increasingly higher importance attached by the Strategy visitors to 
the  three  key  dimensions  (economic,  social  and  ecological)  of 
sustainable tourism as well as to innovative tourist offers capitalising on 
territorial identities. 

•  The  Adriatic-Ionian  region  has  a  long  tradition  of  gastronomy,  healthy 
cooking  and  Mediterranean  diet  that  attracted  in  the  past  and  will 
continue to lure many visitors interested in food-motivated travel. ‘Bio-
districts’  can  contribute  to,  preserve,  and  create  economic value  from 
food  culture,  traditions,  original  tastes  and  recipes  in  connection  with 
their rural surroundings and historic heritage.  

•  Diversity of traditional and typical agri-food products. 
•  Developed agricultural, food and rural tourism sectors. 

121 

 
 
 
 
 
Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

Increased awareness of tourism operators about sustainability. 

• 
•  Ongoing green transitions in tourism and agri-food sectors. 
•  Enabling policy framework at the Strategy and EU level. 
•  Ensure  nature  conservation  as  the  main  support  of  tourism  activities, 

and contribute to its protection whenever possible 

•  N/A – New topic– to be developed 

Indicator name 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target 
value and 
year 

Data source 

How to measure 
the activities under 
this action? 

Indicators will be 
developed as part of 
implementation 

4.3.5 

Action  –  Promoting  the  Mediterranean  diet  and  local,  organic  and  origin 
production 

Name of the action  Promotion of the Mediterranean diet and local, organic and origin 

Description of the action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

production  
•  Exploit  the  value  of  geographical 

• 

indications  as  driver  of  the 
development  of  rural  tourism  that  can  contribute  to  socio-economic 
diversification,  rural  communities  development,  and the  enhancement 
of image. 
Increase  the  awareness,  that  GI  is  considered  to  be  an  essential 
commodity as well as an integral part of social and cultural heritage. 
•  Promote  organic  farming  practices  to  enhance  the  sustainability  of 
agricultural  systems,  supporting  biodiversity  and  the  health  of 
ecosystems,  which  in  turn  strengthens  the  authenticity  and  appeal  of 
the region’s tourism offerings. 

• 

•  Foster  dialogue,  concertation  and  collaboration  between  tourist 
operators  and  agri-food  operators 
through  multi-stakeholder 
mechanisms  such  as  thematic  platforms,  living  labs,  open  innovation 
hubs. 
Increase the connection between tourism and agri-food sectors in most 
countries and regions. 
Incorporate the Mediterranean diet which was registered by UNESCO in 
2010 as world cultural heritage. 
Incorporate  the 
intellectual property rights of the local communities in the WTO. 

local  Origin  Products  which  are  considered  as 

• 

• 

•  Enhance institutional collaboration frameworks and platforms between 

tourism and agri-food actors. 

•  Foster  the  interaction  of  small  and  medium-sized  enterprises  in  agri-

food and tourism. 

122 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

Limit  the  mass  ‘sun-and-beach’  tourism,  especially  during  summer 
putting  pressure  on  natural  and  cultural  resources,  thus  reducing  high 
pressure on the nature and environment in coastal tourist areas. 

•  Mitigate  the  high  footprints  of  tourism  activities  causing  high 

environmental footprints. 

•  Balance  territorial  distribution  of  tourism  and  agri-food  activities  in 

most countries. 

•  Halt  the  abandonment  of  rural  areas  and  migration  especially  of  the 

youth. 

•  Harmonisation  of  the  regulatory  frameworks  ensuring  the  interaction 
between the tourism sector and agri-food one in line with the EU 'farm 
to fork' strategy. 

•  Promote the use of the Natura 2000 logo on goods and services that are 

in line or contribute to the conservation of Natura 2000 sites. 

•  Develop  the  necessary  knowledge,  skills  and  funds  for  tourism 
companies and destination management organisations to introduce and 
maintain new sustainable solutions. 
Improve  knowledge  and  skills  of  actors  on  the  operationalisation  of 
multifunctional linkages between tourism and agri-food.  
•  N/A – New topic– to be developed 

• 

Indicator name 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target 
value and 
year 

Data source 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

How to measure 
the activities under 
this action? 

Indicators will be 
developed as part of 
implementation  

123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Pillar 5 –Improved Social Cohesion 

The Adriatic-Ionian region suffers from ageing, labour market disbalances, social exclusion, the inflow 
of  refugees,  poverty  and  brain  drain.  On  top  of  this,  it  was  to  a  large  extent  impacted  by  the 
pandemic, especially due to its dependency on tourism, highly affecting the labour market. 

COVID-19 has exposed the region, as well as the rest of Europe, to further drastic  changes in jobs, 
education, economy, welfare systems and social life. Furthermore, other challenges in the Adriatic-
Ionian region are the demographic developments; ageing, the inflow of refugees, social exclusion of 
vulnerable groups and a general trend where societies become more polarised with poverty pockets. 
At  the same  time,  the  region  has  an active  civil  society which  is  an  important  asset  for  addressing 
social issues in the context of the Strategy. 

The  main  objective  of  this  pillar  is  to  align  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  with  the  EU  strategies  and 
policies  for  improving  social  cohesion,  in  line  with  the  broader  framework  of the  green and  digital 
transition.  These  strategies  and  policies  are  designed  to  create  a  demand  and  supply  for  new  and 
relevant  skills,  enhance  the  quality  of  education  at  all  levels,  swift  adaptation  to  rapidly  changing 
economic  landscape  and  increase  resilience  toward  future  crisis.  Pillar  5  should  promote  social 
cohesion,  contribute  from  the  macro-regional  context  to  achieve  equal  opportunities,  youth 
engagement and access to the labour market. 

In  this  respect,  specific  attention  should  be  given  to  the  European  Pillar  of  Social  Rights,  and  in 
particular  to  the  action  plan  for  its  implementation,  endorsed  by  the  three  EU  institutions,  EU 
member  states  and  European  Social  Partners  and  Civil  Society  Organisations  at  the  Porto  Social 
Summit on 7-8 May 2021. 

Pillar 5 intends to address these challenges by taking into account the importance of preserving and 
promoting the European social model, as well as the aspirations of EU candidate countries to join the 
EU.  Macro-regional  cooperation  through  this  pillar  would  be  an  additional  tool  for  strengthening 
European  and  national  policies 
include  exchange  of 
experiences,  coordination  of  policy  measures,  definition  of  priorities  and  standardisation  of 
approaches  to  solving  social  challenges  that  transcend  national  borders.  It  will  also  work  as  a 
response  to  the  requirements  of  the  European  Pillar  of  Social  Rights  initiative,  and  it  will  also  be 
aligned  with  the  pillar  on  human  capital  of  the  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Western 
Balkans. 

in  relevant  fields.  Cooperation  would 

The  action  plan  identifies  three  areas  for  action  –  More  and  Better  Jobs,  Skills and  Equality,  Social 
Protection and Inclusion – and three targets for upward convergence: 

- 

Employment:  at  least  78%  of  the  population  aged  20  to  64  should  be  in  employment  by 
2030. 
- 
Training: at least 60% of all adults should be participating in training every year by 2030. 
-  Reducing  Poverty:  a  reduction  of  at  least  15  million  of  the  number  of  people  at  risk  of 

poverty or social exclusion by 2030. 

124 

 
 
 
 
 
As Pillar 5 was only decided upon in May 2023, it is still under development. The scope of the pillar 
will be further discussed and defined in the years to come. This work will be supported by the below 
actions. 

The following topics include are: 

•  T1 Youth engagement and employment - empowerment of young generations, by increasing 

their capacity to actively participate in the social and economic life. 

•  T2  Promoting  skills  acquisition  for  future  labour  markets  -  promote  life-long  learning 

opportunities and access to the labour market for the Adriatic-Ionian population. 

•  T3  Equal  opportunities  in  the  labour  market  -  by  addressing  current  issues  such  as  gender 
inequality  and  discrimination,  gender  pay  gaps,  irregular  work,  precariousness,  labour 
exploitation. 

•  T4  Social  Innovations  -  to  promote  pressing  as  for  example  active  and  healthy  ageing  as  a 

response to a trend of ageing population in the region. 

5.1.1 

Action – Further development of the pillar on improved social cohesion 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Further development of the pillar on improved social cohesion 

•  Perform  the  strategic  consultation  with  relevant  (including  civil  society) 
‘Background  document  with  the 

in  the 

stakeholders,  as  defined 
Roadmap’. 

•  Perform  the  thematic  consultation  with  relevant  (including  civil  society) 
‘Background  document  with  the 

in  the 

stakeholders,  as  defined 
Roadmap’. 

In the context of the further elaboration of the topics framing this pillar also 
important social aspects such as equal opportunities, gender equality, social 
inclusion of vulnerable groups, fight against discrimination, active ageing and 
child poverty can be taken on board. 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

to collect inputs from all national representatives of the Adriatic-Ionian region 
in a short period of time. 
to  develop  a  new  pillar  aligned  with  the  macro-regional  needs  and 
expectations. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 
Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

An effective new pillar aligned with the expectations and needs of the macro-
region. 

Not relevant. 

Indicator name  

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

125 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

No. of stakeholder 
consultation activities 
under this pillar  

relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint actions 
across borders 

5.1 

Topic – Youth engagement and employment 

0 p.a. (2023) 

1 (2024) 

TSG 

Global  objectives.  Goals  regarding  youth  and  youth  policy’s  potential  are  stated  in  the  EU  youth 
strategy, which is the framework for EU youth policy cooperation for 2019-2027. Through 11 goals, 
the EU youth strategy should contribute to achieving a vision for young people by mobilising EU level 
policy  instruments  as  well  as  actions  at  national,  regional,  and  local  level  by  all  stakeholders. 
Collaboration  on  activities  proposed  will  include  various  stakeholders  in  charge  of  youth.  To 
stimulate  the  empowerment  of  young  generations,  in  particular  young  women,  by  increasing  their 
capacity  to  actively  participate  in  the  social  and  economic  life,  supporting  their  increased 
participation  in  society  and  labour  market,  and  fostering  their  skills  to  enhance  employability.  It  is 
important  to  involve  youth  in  topics  such  as  education,  employment,  cultural  exchange,  equal 
opportunities, gender equality, social inclusion and environment protection, and all topics that have 
an  impact  on  young  people’s  lives.Goals  regarding  youth  and  youth  policy’s  potential  are  stated  in 
the  EU  youth  strategy  and  in  the  Youth  action  plan  in  the  EU’s  external  action19.  The  EU  youth 
strategy is the framework for EU youth policy cooperation for 2019-2027. Through 11 goals, the EU 
youth strategy should contribute to achieving a vision for young people by mobilising EU level policy 
instruments  as  well  as  actions  at  national,  regional,  and  local  level  by  all  stakeholders.  The  Youth 
action plan in the EU’s external action is the EU’s operational roadmap for engaging young people in 
EU external action. It aims to increase young people’s voices in policy and decision-making, provide 
young people with the necessary skills and resources and foster opportunities for young people to 
network  and  exchange  with  their  peers.  Collaboration  on  proposed  activities  will  include  various 
stakeholders in charge of youth. 

Strategy  objectives.  The  Strategy  should  give  to  their  young  population  the  tools  and mechanisms 
that  will  help  them  build  their  own  capacities,  foster  their  skills,  and  allow  them  to  develop 
innovative and entrepreneurial thinking, in order to be properly equipped for tackling joint existing 
and future challenges within the region. This should not be limited to the capitals and cities, but it 
should include youth from rural areas. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, and the challenges and opportunities below, the activities under this 
topic aim at: 

• 
• 

creating a stronger link with EU policies; 
amplifying the voice of young people in public  policymaking as actors of change  and including 
young people and youth representatives in the decision-making process, e.g. through setting up 
a Strategy Youth Council; 

19   Youth action plan in EU external action 2022 – 2027, JOIN(2022) 53 final. 

126 

 
 
 
 
 
• 

• 

including  youth  representatives  in  the  development  and  implementation  of  the  Strategy  to 
make it more inclusive; and 
promoting  activities  aiming  at  increased  youth  employability,  focusing  on  skills,  quality  of 
education,  apprenticeships/traineeships  and  matching  with  employers/sectors  in  demand  for 
workers. 

5.1.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Existing youth councils at national level. 
•  Existing and active civil society. 
•  Some  of 

the  Adriatic-Ionian  countries  already  have  well-established  cooperation 

programmes between youth representatives and governing bodies. 

•  Existing tools and initiatives at the EU level, such as EU Youth Dialogue and ALMA initiative; 

The EU-funded Western Balkans Youth Labs. 
•  Existing POPRI network of technology parks. 
•  Youth empowerment for more competitive participation in the labour market. 
•  Development of new digital skills attractive for young people. 
•  Capacity building activities for schools, VET, Youth, Sport and Higher Education. 

Challenges: 

•  Difficulty in engaging, and communicating with the local youth. 
• 
• 

Lack of involvement and experience of youth in the Strategy and Interreg programmes. 
Lack  of  knowledge  of  The  Manifesto  for  Young  People  by  Young  People  to  Shape  the 
European Cooperation Policy. 

•  Social exclusion of young people in vulnerable groups, including high dropout rates. 
•  Obstacles in outreach to young people neither in employment nor in education or training in 

activation programmes. 
Limited access to entrepreneurial knowledge and skills relevant to labour market needs. 

• 
•  Opportunities still unbalanced between men and women. 
•  High youth unemployment rates. 
•  Skills mismatch between education and the labour market. 
• 
Lack of career guidance and entrepreneurship support. 
•  Brain drain and skilled workforce shortages. 
•  VET programmes are often underdeveloped and disconnected from market needs, and there 

is a limited cooperation between schools and industries. 

5.1.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

127 

 
 
 
 
Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement.  Within  the  topic  youth  engagement  and  employment,  activities  will  be 
oriented to help the candidate countries to better integrate with EU member states in field 
of youth policies and participatory approaches to youth empowerment and start adjusting to 
the  EU  Youth  Policy,  and  the  European  Pillar  of  Social  Rights.  Regarding  the  EU  acquis, 
activities  are  aligned  with  Chapter  26  Education  and  culture  which  put  focus  on  Council 
Recommendations in several areas related to school, vocational, higher, and adult education, 
youth volunteering and mobility. 

•  Capacity  building.  The  activities  help  to  build  capacities  among  the  youth  representatives 
involved as well as among other players concerning the strengthened involvement of youth 
representatives.  Activities  will  aim  at  strengthening  awareness  of  the  importance  of  active 
involvement of young people in the macro-regional Strategy, through training programmes, 
workshops, participation in online meeting and conferences, etc. This is in accordance with 
Youth  Goal  1  Connecting  EU  with  Youth  and  Goal  11  Youth  Organisations  &  European 
Programmes. Activities will also help boost youth employability. 
Innovation  and  research.  The  activities  contribute  to  social  innovation  linked  to  the 
involvement  of  youth  representatives  as  drivers  of  change.  They  will  be  encouraged  to 
develop  new  innovative  solutions  within  the  activities  carried  out  through  this  topic.  Most 
topics  described  under  this  pillar,  especially  those  related  to  acquisition  of  (cutting-edge) 
knowledge  and  skills  for  the  future  of  youngsters  and  adults,  go  hand  in  hand  with  the 
respective S3s goals and contribute to social cohesion in the region. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular  economy.  Cooperation  between  the  education  system  and  the  economic  sector  is 
extremely important. The emphasis must be on creating skills and jobs that are guided by the 
principles  of circular economy that  are applicable in the labour market,  and such skills and 
professions such skills and professions need planned and long-term investments. 

•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  include  an  explicit  link  to  green  rural 
development activities, but activities will include promotion of youth development in green 
and rural development, and focus will be placed on creating employment opportunities for 
green jobs in rural areas according to dual transition framework. Activities envisaged through 
this  topic  are  in  accordance  with  Goal  6  'Moving  Rural  Youth  Forward'  of  the  EU  youth 
strategy, to ensure sustainable, high-quality jobs created and accessible to young people in 
rural  areas.  Also,  to  ensure  active  participating  of  young  people  in  rural  areas  in  decision-
making  processes  (especially  in  the  Strategy’s  EUSAIR  Youth  Council),  and  to  be  aware  of 
importance  of  protection  of  rural  traditions.  Supporting  attractiveness  of  rural  areas  for 
young people by supporting smart community/village concept also based on experiences in 
other macro regions. 

•  Digitalisation. The development of different forms of digital skills attractive to young people 
will lead to an increase in young people’s interest in digital jobs, leading to a greater degree 
of digitalisation in line with the dual transition. 

5.1.3 

Action – Promoting empowerment and involvement of youth 

Name of the 

Description of the action 
Promoting empowerment and involvement of youth 

128 

 
 
 
 
 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 
Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 

Indicators  

•  Exchange  of  good  practices  in  creation  and  implementation  of  national 

youth policies. 

•  Address  the Ministerial Declaration for youth empowerment adopted at 

the Annual Forum held in Tirana in May 2022. 

•  Social  exclusion  of  vulnerable  groups  such  as  young  people  neither  in 

employment nor in education or training. 

•  Building  capacities  regarding  identification  of  youth  needs,  enhancing 

skills and fostering civic engagement. 

•  Difficulty  in  obtaining  engagement  and  communicating  with  the  local 

youth. 

•  Involvement of youth in the Strategy and Interreg programmes. 
•  Lack of awareness of importance to implement needs of youth in broader 

policy making. 

•  Existing youth councils at national level. 
•  Some  of  the  participating  countries’  already  have  well-established 
cooperation  programmes  between  youth  representatives  and  governing 
bodies. 

•  The existing network of youth in the Adriatic-Ionian macro-region. 

•  Stronger  engagement  of  young  people  with  EU,  macro-regional  and 

national policies. 
Young  people  from  candidate  countries  will  be  empowered  through 
sharing experiences with their EU colleagues. 

/ The flagships for this topic is further support and development of the POPRI 
youth  process  as  a  mechanism  for  knowledge  transfer  and  improving  the 
employability  of  young  people  in  the  Strategy.  The  established  Strategy 
Knowledge  Hub,  composed  of  technology  parks,  schools,  incubators  and 
companies, will continue under this flagship as it provides young people with 
entrepreneurial skills to make them innovative, skilled and employable, thus 
contributing to global and Strategy objectives. 
Baseline 
Indicator name  
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: Number of public 
events to promote 
empowerment and 
involvement of youth 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO115 Public 
events across 
borders jointly 
organised  

RI: Recommendations 
on implementation of 
EU policies regarding 
youth adopted on 
macro-regional level 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg: Joint 

0 
(2023) 

6 
(2030) 

0 
(2023) 

2 
(2030) 

TSG5 

TSG5 

129 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

N/A 

RI: Number of Interreg 
projects in the 
Adriatic-Ionian region 
involving youth 

0 
(2023) 

5 
(2030) 

Facility Point 
and TSGs 

5.1.4 

Action – Boosting youth employment 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

Description of the action 
Boosting youth employment 

•  Exchange  of  good  practices  in  Youth  Guarantee  implementation  (public 
employment  services,  youth  workers  and  youth  workers  associations, 
relevant EU and other funds managing authorities, etc.) 

•  Exchange  of  good  practices  in  active  measures  for  access  of  youth  to 
labour  market,  prevention  of  youth’s  exploitation  and  promotion  of 
equality  and  non-discrimination  of  youth  in  the  labour  market  and  the 
society. 

•  Exchange  of  good  practices  on  preventive  approaches/measures  to 
reduce the risk of becoming young people neither in employment nor in 
education  or  training  focusing  on  youth  at  a  higher  risk  of  early  school 
leaving in cooperation with social partners 

•  Promote EU tools and initiatives in the field of youth employment, such 

as ALMA initiative. 

•  Capacity building for youth to enhance skills and improve job prospects. 
•  Capacity  building  in  schools,  VET  and  higher  education  to  modernise 
education, enhance employability, and promote regional cooperation. 

•  High  rates  of  youth  unemployment  and  young  people  neither  in 

employment nor in education or training. 

•  Different employment rates between men and women. 
•  Risk of brain drain since young people seek employment abroad. 
•  Existing EU and national frameworks to promote youth employment and 
activation  of  young  people  neither  in  employment  nor  in  education  or 
training. 

•  Existing ALMPs available to young people. 
•  Skills mismatch between education and the labour market. 
•  Lack of career guidance and entrepreneurship support. 
•  VET  programmes  are  often  underdeveloped  and  disconnected  from 
market  needs,  and  there  is  a  limited  cooperation  between  schools  and 
industries. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

•  Harmonisation of youth employment policies at the macro-regional level. 
•  Implementation  of  EU  policy  framework  and 
initiatives  for  youth 
employment and activation on the labour market 

•  Strengthening of preconditions for better employment of young people. 

130 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Enhancement  of  youth  employability  through  an 

improvement  of 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

education. 

/ 

Indicator name  

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: Number of public 
events to harmonise 
youth employment 
policies 

RI: Recommendations 
on implementation of 
EU policies regarding 
youth employment 
adopted on macro-
regional level 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO115 
Interreg: 
 Public events 
across borders 
jointly 
organised  

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg: Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 
(2023) 

6 
(2030) 

TSG5 

0 
(2023) 

2 
(2030) 

TSG 

5.2 

Topic – Promoting skills acquisition for future labour markets 

Global objectives. The global objectives of this topic are to promote life-long learning opportunities 
and access to the labour market for the Adriatic-Ionian population, by addressing current issues such 
as quality of education, skills mismatching, brain drain, underemployment and precariousness,  and 
technological  changes.  To  promote  respect  for  diversities  and  equal  opportunities  in  a  social  and 
is  a  strong  asset  to  promote  sustainable 
economic  environment  free  from  discrimination 
development,  to  contribute  to  the  2030  Agenda  objectives,  and  to  promote  innovation  at  large. 
Better  cooperation  and  exchange  can  pave  the  way  to  enhance  social  cohesion  in  the  region,  and 
promote quality of life, encouraging economic and social development. 

Strategy objectives. The Strategy should promote harmonisation of skill policies in the macro-region. 
That  includes  joint  work  in  development  of  school,  higher  education,  VET  and  adult  education 
curricula  and  supporting  their  implementation.  Since  other  pillar  address  sectoral  skills  (blue 
economy,  tourism),  activities  under  this  topic  should  also  pay  closer  look  at  supporting  such 
activities.  Objectives  include  a  boost  in  upskilling/reskilling  opportunities,  better  targeting  of  skill 
policies for disadvantaged groups, such as people with disabilities, women, Roma etc. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

131 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In light of the above objectives, and the challenges and opportunities below, the activities under this 
topic aim at: 

• 

supporting policy harmonisation in macro-region with emphasis on implementation of EU skills 
frameworks and initiatives;  

•  modernisation  of  school,  higher  education,  VET  and  adult  education  curricula  in  line  with  the 

labour market needs; 
skills development for future labour markets. 

• 

5.2.1 

Strategy specificities opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Existing networks of educational institutions at all levels 
•  Cooperation between PES (Public Employment Services), training institutions, social partners 

•  Established EU policy frameworks and support from EU institutions 
•  Development  of  programmes  focused  on  the  inclusion  of  disadvantaged  groups  into  the 

labour market 

•  Capacity building in schools, VET and higher education 

Challenges: 

•  Brain drain, due to high levels of labour immigration 
•  Unemployment,  underemployment,  precariousness  and  general  lack  of  opportunities  – 

targets are far from the targets adopted by the EU 

Low rates of participation in adult education 
Low perception and desirability of VET 
Large gender employment gap in the entire Adriatic-Ionian region 

•  High rates of early leavers from school in some of the regions 
• 
• 
• 
•  Segregation in the educational system 
• 
Limited use of technology and digital tools in education 
•  Skills mismatch between education and labour market needs 
•  Outdated curricula and teaching methods 
•  Poor links between VET schools and industries 
• 
Limited apprenticeships and internships 
•  Frequent policy changes and lack of a long-term education strategy 

5.2.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The activities will help the candidate countries to better integrate with EU 

132 

 
 
 
 
 
Member  States  in  field  of  education  and  skills  policies,  supporting  the  participation  of  the 
candidate countries in the European Education Area, the European pillar of Social Rights and 
activities  related  to  reducing  the  brain  drain  from  EU  candidate  countries  to  EU  member 
states. These activities are closely aligned with  Chapter 19 Social policy and employment of 
acquis  which includes  adoption of minimum standards in the areas of labour law,  equality, 
health,  and  safety  at  work  and  anti-discrimination.  Chapter  26  Education  and  culture  of 
acquis  consists  of  Council  Recommendations  in  areas  related  to  school,  vocational,  higher, 
and  adult  education,  youth  volunteering  and  mobility,  numerous  Council  Conclusions  and 
Resolutions. 

• 

•  Capacity  building.  The  activities  are  all  geared  towards  increasing  capacities,  skills  and  the 
quality  of  education  in  the  region  through  supporting  the  development  of  apprenticeship 
schemes  and  work-based  learning  respecting  equal  possibilities  for  all.  Capacity-building 
activities will be focused on promotion of open-mindedness and supporting the development 
of interpersonal and intercultural skills. Sharing knowledge and experiences in creating and 
implementing more personalised, participative, and cooperative learner-centred methods of 
the education process is another way how to strengthen capacities of young people within 
the Strategy. 
Innovation  and  research.  Majority  of  topics  described  under  this  pillar  especially  those 
related to acquisition of (cutting-edge) knowledge and skills for the future of youngsters and 
adults  go  hand  in  hand  with  respective  S3s  goals  and  contribute  in  best  manner  to  social 
cohesion  in  the  region.  The  activities  may  contribute  to  innovation  by  empowering  more 
people  to  enter  research  activities  and  encouraging  cooperation  between  countries  on 
development  of  innovative  solution  for  decreasing  high  rates  of  early  leavers  from  school 
and  increasing  the  rates  of  participation  in  adult  education  on  the  other  hand.  The 
approaches  in  increasing  skills  and  reaching  out  to  the  relevant  target  groups  may  also 
include aspects of policy innovation. Innovation and research processes will be encouraged in 
creating new ways to stop the brain drain. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. The topic does not include an explicit link to circular economy activities, 
but activities within this topic will be oriented to raise awareness on importance of circular 
economy and its benefits. Using already  developed tools (and potentially new ones) of the 
circular economy for skills development and upscale. 

•  Green rural development. Since skills are daily transformed and modernised, it is necessary 
to  take  care  of  the  simultaneous  development  of  the  green  economy,  and  to  forecast 
activities which will ensure balanced skills supply/demand for green rural development. It is 
important to ensure equal access to high-quality education for young people and afterwards, 
sustainable, high-quality jobs, accessible to young people in rural areas. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  can  be  supported  e.g.  through  the  activities  increasing 
the  skills  level  in  the  region  related  to  digital  literacy  and  encouraging  the  use  of  digital 
learning tools. Also, due to rapidly transforming technological and socio-economic reality it is 
necessary to adapt digital skills in a framework of dual transition. 

5.2.3 

Action – Harmonisation of skills policies 

Description of the action 

133 

 
 
 
 
 
Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Development and harmonisation of skills policies 

•  Support  and  capacity  building  programmes  that  encourage  higher 

education, VET and adult education. 

•  Exchange of good practices in mapping and tracking skills needs (with the 

emphasis on green and digital transition). 

•  Exchange  of  good  practices  in  development  of  curricula  for  schools, 
higher  education,  VET and adult education in line with the needs of the 
including 
labour  market 
disadvantaged groups. 

qualification 

framework) 

(European 

•  Support  programmes  that  offer  soft  skills  related  to  macro-regional 

cooperation and civil society. 

•  Cooperation between all stakeholders in promoting VET excellence. 
•  Exchange of good practices in development of platforms and tools for the 
implementation of EU initiatives, such as recommendations on individual 
learning accounts and micro-qualifications. 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

•  Low level of participation in adult education. 
•  High rates of early leavers from school in some of the regions. 
•  Existing experience in ALMPs implementation. 
•  Skills mismatch between education and labour market needs 
•  Outdated curricula and teaching methods 
•  Frequent policy changes and lack of a long-term education strategy 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 
Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

Indicator name  

•  Effective skills policies with better targeting of disadvantaged groups. 
•  Better adaptation to future labour market needs. 

Possible flagships could build on transnational projects  aiming to harmonise 
curricula in VET and adult education. 

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: Number of public 
events promoting 
skills 

RI: Recommendations 
on implementation of 
EU policies regarding 
skills adopted on 
macro-regional level 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 
(2023) 

6 
(2030) 

0 
(2023) 

2 
(2030) 

TSG5 

TSG5 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 
RCO115 Public 
events across 
borders jointly 
organised 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg: Joint 
strategies and 

134 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

5.2.4 

Action – Promoting employment opportunities through upskilling/reskilling for 
disadvantaged groups on the labour market 

Name of the 
action 

What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Promoting  employment  opportunities  through  upskilling/reskilling  for 
disadvantaged groups on the labour market 

•  Support  participation  of  disadvantaged  groups  in  upskilling/reskilling 
programmes, based on their needs (needs assessment could widely differ 
between groups). 

•  Support  development  of  school,  higher  education,  VET  and  adult 

education curricula in line with labour market needs. 

•  Support  programmes 

inclusive  and  equal  work 
environments based on their needs (needs assessment could widely differ 
between groups). 

that  promote 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 
Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

•  Involvement  of  civil  society  and  equality  bodies  (i.e.  agencies,  NGOs 

advocating for equal rights) in the preparation of the activities. 

•  Brain drain. 
•  Unemployment,  underemployment,  precariousness,  and  general  lack  of 

opportunities. 

•  Large gender employment gap in the entire Adriatic-Ionian region. 
•  Financing  opportunities  through  the  European  Social  Fund  Plus,  IPA, 

Erasmus+ and INTERREG. 

•  Targeting  groups  of  disadvantaged  and  vulnerable  groups  to  promote 

participation in education and employment 

•  Many  disadvantaged  groups,  especially  Roma  communities  and  rural 
populations, drop out of school early due to financial difficulties or social 
exclusion 

•  Lack  of  tailored  vocational  and  adult  education  programs  to  meet  their 

needs. 

Digital  divide:  Limited  access  to  computers,  internet,  and  online  training 
tools, especially in rural areas. 
•  Higher  participation  level  of  disadvantaged  groups  in  school,  higher 

education, VET and adult education. 

•  Better quality of upskilling/reskilling programmes. 

/ 

Indicator name  

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

135 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0 
(2023) 

8 
 (2030) 

TSG5 

0 
(2023) 

1 p.a. (2030) 

TSG5 

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

Capacity-building 
events across borders 
jointly organised  

Capacities for 
upskilling/reskilling on 
macro-regional level 
strengthened 

relevant 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint 
training 
schemes 

RCR81 
Interreg: 
Completion of 
joint training 
schemes 

RCO85 
Interreg: 
Participations 
in joint 
training 
schemes 

RCR81 
Interreg: 
Completion of 
joint training 
schemes 

5.3 

Topic - Equal opportunities in the labour market 

Global  objectives.  The  global  objectives  of  this  topic  are  to  promote  gender  equality  and  decent 
work  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region,  by  addressing  current  issues  such  as  gender  inequality  and 
discrimination,  gender  pay  gaps,  irregular  work,  precariousness,  labour  exploitation  (especially  for 
seasonal  and  cross-border  labour,  and  particularly  in  sectors  like  tourism,  agriculture  and 
aquaculture,  services  connected  to  transport,  home  care).  To  promote  respect  for  diversities  and 
equal opportunities in a social and economic environment free from discrimination is a strong asset 
to  promote  sustainable  development,  to  contribute  to  the 2030  Agenda objectives,  to  achieve  the 
targets of the European Pillar of Social Rights and to promote innovation at large. Better cooperation 
and  exchange  can  pave  the  way  to  enhance  cohesion  in  the  region,  and  promote  quality  of  life, 
encouraging economic and social development. 

Strategy  objectives.  Objectives  include  better  cooperation,  coordination,  and  exchange  of  best 
practices between public administrations, PES, labour inspectorates, social partners, and civil society, 
to  address  phenomena  of  labour  exploitation  and  discrimination  and  build  an  equal  and  inclusive 
labour environment. Groups such women at work, vulnerable categories of workers, mobile seasonal 
and migrant workers will be targeted and address the possible burden of double vulnerabilities i.e. 
migrant women, women in rural areas, etc. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

In light of the above objectives, and the challenges and opportunities below, the activities under this 
topic aim at: 

136 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

• 

• 

supporting people in the Adriatic-Ionian region to overcome and prevent gender discrimination 
at work and labour exploitation, and to build gender equality and decent work, in line with the 
principles and targets of the European Pillar of Social Rights; 
promoting  equal  opportunities  in  the  labour  market  and  thus  reduce  the  gender  gaps  and 
discrimination in terms of employment and payment; and 
better protecting labour rights and conditions of the local population, and thereby increase the 
employment rate and reduce gender related poverty. 

5.3.1 

Strategy specificities, opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above objectives, the Adriatic-Ionian region faces a number of specific challenges and 
opportunities which the revised action plan aims to address. 

Opportunities: 

•  Existing  networks  and  cooperation  between  PES  (Public  Employment  Services),  labour 

inspectorates, and stakeholders notably social partners. 
•  Existing EU, national and regional legislation and regulations. 
•  Existing collective agreements and framework agreements. 

Challenges: 

•  Gender discrimination at work. 
•  Gender pay gap. 
•  Glass ceiling for women’s career opportunities. 
• 
•  Pension segregation. 
•  Unemployment,  underemployment,  precariousness,  and  general  lack  of  opportunities  – 

Lack of social protection and services for women. 

• 

targets are far from the targets adopted by the EU. 
Irregular  work,  labour  exploitation  –  especially  for  seasonal  and  cross-border  labour,  and 
particularly  in  sectors  like  tourism,  agriculture  and  aquaculture,  services  connected  to 
transport, home care. 

5.3.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities under this topic contribute actively to the horizontal and cross-cutting topics of the revised 
action plan. 

Horizontal topics: 

•  Enlargement. The activities of this topic will help the candidate countries to better integrate 
with EU member states in field of gender equality and quality of employment, fight against 
discrimination, the European Pillar of Social Rights  and activities related to reducing labour 
discrimination  and  exploitation.  Activities  will  support  mutual  learning  process  and  sharing 
practices  in  creating  measures  for  reducing  gender  discrimination.  Proposed  activities  are 
aligned  with  Chapter  19  Social  policy  and  employment  of  acquis  which  includes  minimum 
standards  in  the  areas  of  labour  law,  equality,  health  and  safety  at  work  and  anti-
discrimination.  Also,  activities  will  focus  on  finding  and  exchanging  experiences  in  creating 

137 

 
 
 
 
quality  jobs  which  guarantee  fair  working  conditions,  working  rights  and  the  right  of  living 
wage for all young people, in accordance with goal 7 of the EU youth strategy. 

•  Capacity  building.  The  activities  are  all  geared  towards 

increasing  capacities  equal 
opportunities in the labour market and equality and quality of employment. Also, activities 
will help in development of civic and social skills to empower citizens and other stakeholders 
and  increase  their  sensitivity  to  gender  inequality  and  labour  exploitation  prevention.  It  is 
important  to  strengthen  the  linkage  between  stakeholders,  such  as  relevant  regional 
administrations,  employers,  ministries  of  employment,  civil  rights  and  gender  equality 
organisations, with the objective of sharing experiences form all sides and finding common 
solutions for equal opportunities in the labour market. 
• Innovation and research. The activities may contribute to increase research activities and 
innovation  in  the  fields  of  gender  equality  and  quality  of  employment.  The  activities  to 
address  discrimination  and  exploitation,  based  on  existing  legal  framework  and  regulation, 
may improve their implementation and introduce elements of policy innovation. 

Cross-cutting topics: 

•  Circular economy. The topic does not include an explicit link to circular economy activities. 
•  Green rural development. Activities promoting gender equality and quality of employment 
are  especially  emphasised,  since  women  in  rural  areas  are  usually  less  paid  and  have  less 
opportunities  for  employment.  Gaining  new  knowledges  about  possibilities  for  green  and 
rural  development  could  lead  to  better  opportunities  and  equal  possibilities  in  labour 
market. 

•  Digitalisation.  The  digital  transition  can  be  supported  e.g.  through  the  activities  increasing  the 
skills  level  in  the  region  related  to  digital  literacy.  New  digital  skills  and  learning  tools  equally 
available to both women and men will help to promote diversities and equal opportunities in a social 
and economic environment. 

5.3.3 

Action  –  Enhance  Strategy  cooperation  and  exchange  of  best  practices  on 
gender equality and quality of employment 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Enhance  Strategy  cooperation  and  exchange  of  best  practices  on  gender 
equality and quality of employment 
•  Development  of  cooperation  and  exchange  of  best  practices  on  Gender 
Equality  and  Quality  of  Employment,  involving:  EU  DG  Employment, 
European  Labour  Authority,  Ministries  of  Employment,  PES  (Public 
Employment  Services), 
Inspectorates,  Relevant  Regional 
Administrations,  Social  Partners,  Gender  equality  organisations, 
Uniadrion. 

Labour 

•  Support 

preventive 

gender 
approaches/measures 
discrimination at work, gender pay gap, glass ceiling for women’s career 
opportunities, lack of social protection and services for women, pension 
segregation affecting women. 

reduce 

to 

•  Development  of  cooperation  and  exchange  of  best  practices  to  reduce 
irregular  work,  precariousness,  labour  exploitation  –  especially  for 

138 

 
 
 
 
 
 
seasonal and cross-border labour, and particularly in sectors like tourism, 
agriculture and aquaculture, services connected to transport, home care. 
•  Develop research and analysis to map and track such phenomena in the 

region. 

•  Development  of  cooperation  and  exchange  of  best practices  for  the  full 
implementation  of  existing  legislation  and  regulations  in  the  fields  of 
gender equality and decent work. 

•  Improve  cooperation  on  gender  equality  and  decent  work  among 

stakeholders active in the region. 

•  High levels of gender discrimination in the region. 
•  High  levels  of  unemployment,  underemployment,  precariousness,  and 

general lack of opportunities in the region. 

•  High  level  of  irregular  work,  precariousness,  labour  exploitation  – 
especially for seasonal and cross-border labour, and particularly in sectors 
like  tourism,  agriculture  and  aquaculture,  services  connected  to 
transport, home care. 

•  Need  to  promote  gender  equality  and  decent  work,  and  to  combat 
discrimination and exploitation, through better analysis, coordination and 
cooperation, and policy action. 

•  Better  cooperation  in  prevention  of  gender  discrimination  and  labour 

exploitation. 

•  Improved protection of rights and social inclusion in the region. 
•  Developed  preventive  approaches/measures 

to 

reduce  gender 

Which challenges 
and opportunities 
is this action 
addressing? 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

discrimination. 

•  Gender issues in the region mapped and tracked supporting research and 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 
Indicators  

actions 

/ 

Indicator na 
me  

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

OI: No. of activities 
supporting the share 
of practices on 
prevention of gender 
discrimination and 
promoting gender 
equality 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Data source 

0 p.a. (2023) 

6 
(2030) 

TSG5 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

OI: No. of activities 
supporting the share 
of practices on 
prevention of labour 
exploitation and 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

0 
(2023) 

6 
(2030) 

TSG5 

139 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0 
(2023) 

2 
(2030) 

TSG5 

0 
(2023) 

2 
(2030) 

TSG5 

decent work 
promotion 

RI:  Recommendations 
on  implementation  of 
EU  policies  regarding 
prevention  of  gender 
discrimination 
adopted  on  macro-
regional level 

RI: Recommendations 
on implementation of 
EU labour policy 
initiatives adopted on 
macro-regional level 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg: Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg: Joint 
strategies and 
action plans 
taken up by 
organisations 

5.4 

Topic - Social Innovations 

Global objectives.  The global objectives of  the  Social Innovations  topic are to further promote  this 
concept  in  the  Adriatic-Ionian  region  by  addressing  some  of  the  most  pressing  issues  that  for 
example include active and healthy ageing as a response to a trend of ageing population in the region 
and  in  developed  countries.  Better  cooperation  and knowledge  transfer  between  stakeholders  can 
promote the field of social innovations in the region and enhance the overall wellbeing of individuals, 
including  vulnerable  groups  such  as  older  people  and  people  with  disabilities,  while  indirectly 
contributing to overall better wellbeing and quality of life in our society as a whole. 

Social 
innovations  also  enable  the  opportunity  for  knowledge  transfer  between  different 
stakeholders.  State-of-the  art  analysis  reveals  that  social  innovations  were  successfully  applied  in 
numerous fields, including active and healthy ageing and many other fields that have an important 
societal impact. Implementing such solutions is especially beneficial for socially vulnerable groups or 
individuals that we will address within the scope of this topic. 

Strategy  objectives.  Objectives  include  better  collaboration  and  knowledge  transfer  between 
national  and  public  bodies,  research  and  academia,  business  world  and  other  organisations,  and 
professional and general public. Groups such as older people and people with disabilities and other 
vulnerable groups will be targeted within the topic of Social Innovations, while at the same time we 
must not neglect the population as a whole. 

Specific objectives of the topic 

140 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As  a  summary  of  the  written  text,  we  can  conclude  that  the  activities  under  the  topic  of  Social 
Innovations aim at: 

•  promoting existing solutions for social innovations and social economy; 
• 

strengthening the capacities of decision-makers and transfer of knowledge in the field of social 
innovations; 
increasing  the  visibility  of  the  social  economy  sector  as  attractive  employer  by  combining 
economic, sustainable and social goals; 

• 

•  promoting an active, strategic approach to the field of social innovation/social economy; 
•  providing professional support in training and education to vulnerable groups; 
• 
information campaigns on the funding possibilities from EU and national level; 
•  promoting age friendly and inclusive environments for all age groups; 
•  enhancing life-long learning and knowledge-interaction for all generations. 

5.4.1 

Strategy specificities, opportunities & challenges 

Linked to the above, we would like to highlight some potential opportunities and challenges. 

Opportunities 

•  Using the full potential of already established networks and collaboration between different 

stakeholders functioning in the field of social innovation and social economy. 

•  Gaining new knowledges regarding social economy. 
•  Development of social innovation opportunities for vulnerable groups. 
•  Development of new social innovation opportunities for active and healthy ageing. 
•  Following the quadruple helix approach, including members from research and academia, 
municipalities, ministries and other national and public bodies, and other interested 
stakeholders. 

•  Extending on existing EU, national and regional frameworks. 

Challenges 

Life-long learning for all generations. 

•  Connecting stakeholders to an ecosystem of social innovations and social economy. 
•  Above-average and rapid growth of older adults. 
• 
•  Providing appropriate training and education to vulnerable groups. 
• 
• 

Intergenerational knowledge transfer. 
Identifying social innovations that are the invention, development and implementation 
phase. 

•  Potential knowledge loss due to retirement and turnover. 
•  Providing age friendly and inclusive environments. 

5.4.2 

Support to horizontal and cross-cutting topics 

Activities  under  this  topic  are well  aligned  to  the  horizontal  and  cross-cutting  topics of  the  revised 
version of the action plan. 

Horizontal topics 

141 

 
 
 
 
•  Enlargement.  The  activities  help  involved  countries  to  develop  and  better  function  in  the 
field of social innovation/social economy and to provide a better environment that enables 
higher quality of life and improvements in wellbeing for individuals, groups and society as a 
whole and thus approximating to EU Standards in the social area. 

•  Also, all countries will be encouraged to participate in the Employment and Social Innovation 
strand  of  the  European  Social  Fund  Plus  and  to  develop  their  social  innovation  policies. 
Activities  within  this  topic  are  aligned  with  stated  in  Chapter  19  Social  policy  and 
employment and in Chapter 26 Education and culture of acquis, 

•  Capacity  building.  All  activities  actively  promote  increased  capacities  of  all  included 
stakeholders, with a particular emphasis on policy and decision-makers aiming to recognise 
social innovation as one of the drivers of an inclusive society. 
Innovation  and  research.  In  line  with  this  topic,  it  is  integral  that  the  research  world  and 
academia  are  included.  Also,  the  aim  of  these  activities  is  to  support  innovative  and 
sustainable social innovations systems. 

• 

Cross-cutting topics 

•  Circular economy. The topic does not include an explicit link to this activity. 
•  Green  rural  development.  The  topic  does  not  include  an explicit  link  to this  activity.  Using 
smart  community/village  concept  to  support  vulnerable  groups  in  rural  areas,  supporting 
living conditions based also on experiences of other macro regions. 

•  Digitalisation. Digital skills are one important element when it comes to social innovations, 
especially as the availability of digital technologies provides value to knowledge transfer. One 
important avenue of this topic is also to increase the overall levels of digital literacy. 

5.4.3 

Action - Adriatic-Ionian Ecosystem for Social Innovation 

Name of the 
action 
What are the 
envisaged 
activities?  

Description of the action 
Adriatic-Ionian Ecosystem for Social Innovation 

•  Promoting existing social innovation and social economy ecosystems that 
include  a  broad  range  of  stakeholders  and  promote  collaboration  and 
knowledge transfer. 

•  Supporting  the  region  with  development  of  activities  to  overcome  the 

challenges associated with ageing of the population. 

•  Promoting  measures  aimed  at  strengthening  the  capacities  and 
knowledge  transfer  of  decision  and  policy  makers  in  the  field  of  social 
innovations/social economy. 

•  Promoting active, strategic approaches and measures in the field of social 

innovations/social economy. 

•  Sharing  practices  in  developing  training  and  education  programmes  for 

vulnerable groups. 

•  Supporting  activities  related  to 
interaction for all age groups. 

life-long 

learning  and  knowledge-

Which challenges 
and opportunities 

•  Use  the  full  potential  of  existing  network  for  social  innovations/social 

economy. 

142 

 
 
 
 
 
 
is this action 
addressing? 

•  Gaining knowledge from the quadruple helix approach and its members. 
•  High level of older adults in the region. 
•  Higher level of individuals included in the process of life-long learning. 
• 
•  Reduce knowledge loss due to retirement and turnover. 
•  Developing  connections  between  stakeholders  engaged  in  the  field  of 

Lack of age friendly and inclusive environments. 

social innovation/social economy. 

What are the 
expected 
results/targets of 
the action? 

•  Enhanced  awareness  and  knowledge  about  the 

field  of  social 

• 

innovation/social economy. 
Improved  quality  of  life  and  wellbeing  of  people,  especially  people  in 
vulnerable groups such as older adults. 

•  The  region  strengthened  to  respond  to  current  and  future  social 

problems. 

Strategy flagships 
and strategic 
projects 

Indicators  

How to measure 
the activities 
under this action? 

Possible  flagships  could  build  on  the  existing  state  within  EU  and  national 
frameworks  in  the  field  of  social  innovations/social  economy  and  include  a 
vast  number  of  potential  activities  between  included  stakeholders  on  all 
levels, local, regional, national and cross-national.  
Indicator name  

Data source 

Baseline 
value and 
year 

Target value 
and year 

Common 
Indicator 
name and 
code, if 
relevant 

0 
(2023) 

6 
(2030) 

TSG5 

0 
(2023) 

2 
(2030) 

TSG5 

OI: No. of activities 
supporting the share 
of practices in the 
field of social 
innovation/social 
economy 

RI:  Recommendations 
on  EU 
level  social 
innovation/economy 
initiatives  adopted  on 
macro-regional level 

RCO81 
Interreg: 
Participation in 
joint 
actions 
across borders 

RCO83 
Interreg: 
Strategies and 
action plans 
jointly 
developed 

RCR79 
Interreg:  Joint 
strategies  and 
action 
plans 
taken  up  by 
organisations 

143 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Annexes 

144 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 1 – relevant policies  

Relevant global policies include: 
Pillar 1 

•  The  UN  Agenda  for  Sustainable  Development  Goals  – 

in 
particular, UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 8 (Promote 
sustained,  inclusive  and  sustainable  economic  growth,  full  and 
productive  employment  and  decent  work  for  all)  and  14 
(Conserve  and  sustainably  use  the  oceans,  seas  and  marine 
resources for sustainable development) 

•  Convention on the  protection of the Mediterranean Sea against 
pollution  (Barcelona  Convention)  [Document  21976A0216(01)] 
and its Protocols 

•  The  Paris  Protocol  –  A  blueprint  for  tackling  global  climate 

change beyond 2020 [COM/2015/081 final] 

Specific to Topic 1.1 Blue and green technologies 

• 

Relevant EU policies include: 

•  The European Green Deal [COM(2019) 640 final] 
•  A Farm to Fork Strategy [COM(2020) 381 final] 
•  A  long-term  Vision  for  the  EU's  Rural  Areas  -  Towards  stronger, 
connected,  resilient  and  prosperous  rural  areas  by  2040 
[COM(2021) 345 final] 

•  A  sustainable  Bioeconomy  for  Europe:  Strengthening  the 
connection  between  economy,  society  and  the  environment 
[COM(2018) 673 final]And Bioeconomy Progress Report (2022).  

•  Marine  Strategy  Framework  Directive 

[DIRECTIVE 
2008/56/EC]  and  Water  Framework  Directive  (WFD)  [Directive 
2000/60/EC]  -  including  in  terms  of  Good  Environmental  Status 
and restoration of aquatic ecosystems 

(MSFD) 

•  The Nature Restoration Law20  

•  A new Circular Economy Action Plan [COM(2020) 98 final] 
•  Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [COM(2020) 380 final] 
•  Digitising  European  Industry:  Reaping  the  full  benefits  of  the 
“Shaping  Europe’s  digital  future”  [COM(2020)  67  final]  and  the 

20   The EU has adopted the Nature Restoration Law on 17 June 2024 to contribute to the continuous, long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature 
across  the  EU’s  land  and  sea  areas  through  the  restoration  of  ecosystems.  The  law  establishes  a  framework  in  which  Member  States  will  put  in  place  restoration 
measures which together shall cover at least 20% of the EU’s land and sea areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. This builds on the headline 
ambition  set  out  in  the  biodiversity  strategy  that  by  2050  all  ecosystems  are  restored,  resilient  and  adequately  protected,  and  that,  as  a  milestone,  Europe's 
biodiversity  is  on  the  path  to  recovery  by  2030.  It  is  recognised  that  restoring  nature  will  significantly  contribute  to  the  EU’s  climate  mitigation  and  adaptation 
objectives, to prevent and mitigate the impact of natural disasters, and to the EU’s international commitments 

145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

“Digital Europe Programme” [Regulation (EU) 2021/694 

•  European Cluster Partnerships 
•  European  Missions  [COM(2021)  609  final]  ]  and  especially  the 

Mission Ocean and waters 
•  European Research Area (ERA) 
•  A New European Innovation Agenda [COM(2022) 332 final] 
•  Guidelines  for the Implementation of the  Green  Agenda for the 

Western Balkans [SWD(2020) 223 final] 

•  Pact  for  skills  -  upskilling  shipbuilding  and  maritime  technology 

workers in Europe 

•  REPowerEU Plan [COM(2022) 230 final] 
•  Strengthening  Innovation  in  Europe's  Regions:  Strategies  for 
resilient, inclusive and sustainable growth [COM(2017) 376 final] 

•  Sustainable Blue Economy [COM(2021) 240 final] 
•  Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership [Horizon Europe] 
•  Territorial Agenda 2030 - A future for all places 
•  Zero  Emission  Waterborne  Platform  Partnership 

[Horizon 

Europe] 

•  The  EU  Action  Plan:  'Towards  Zero  Pollution  for  Air,  Water  and 

Soil' 

•  Communication  ‘Towards  a  strong  and  sustainable  EU  algae 

sector' 

•  The Marine Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD) 
• 
• 
•  Blue Transformation roadmap 2022-2023 
•  The Common Fisheries Policy [Regulation (EU) no. 1380/2013 of 

11 December 2013] 

146 

Specific to Topic 1.2 Fisheries and aquaculture 

• 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

•  The  European  Strategy  for  Plastics 

in  a  Circular  Economy 

[(COM(2018) 28 final] 

•  The  EU’s  Directive  on  single-use  plastics 

[Directive 

(EU) 

2019/904] 

•  The EU’s Directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial 

planning [Directive 2014/89/EU]. 
•  Directive on Nitrates [91/676/EEC] 
•  EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [COM(2020) 380 final] 
•  The Nature Restoration Law  
•  GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in 

the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 

•  Malta MEDFISH4EVER Ministerial Declaration 
•  Strategic  guidelines  for  a  more  sustainable  and  competitive  EU 
aquaculture for the period 2021 to 2030 [COM (2021) 236 final] 

•  Natura 2000 Directives (2009/147/CE and 92/43/CEE) 
•  EU Fisheries Package 2023 (February 2023):  

i.  Communication  on  the  Energy  Transition  of  the  EU  Fisheries 

and Aquaculture sector 

ii.  Communication  on  the  common  fisheries  policy  today  and 

tomorrow  

iii.  Report  on  the  Common  Market  Organisation  for  fishery  and 

aquaculture products 

Specific to Topic 1.3 Maritime and marine governance and services 

•  Protocol  on 

Integrated  Coastal  Zone  Management 

in  the 

•  Directive  on  establishing  a  framework  for  maritime  spatial 

Mediterranean [2010/631/EU] 

planning [2014/89/EU] 

•  European Research Area (ERA) 
•  European  Skills  Agenda  for  sustainable  competitiveness,  social 

147 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

Pillar 2  

•  The  Paris  Protocol  –  A  blueprint  for  tackling  global  climate 

change beyond 2020 [COM/2015/081 final] 

Specific to Topic 2.1 Maritime transport 

fairness and resilience [COM(2020) 274 final] 
•  Sustainable Blue Economy [COM(2021) 240 final] 
•  Territorial Agenda 2030 - A future for all places 
•  The European Green Deal [COM (2019) 640 final] 
•  The  European  Strategy  for  Plastics 

in  a  Circular  Economy 

[(COM(2018) 28 final] 

•  The  EU  Action  Plan:  'Towards  Zero  Pollution  for  Air,  Water  and 

Soil' 

•  A  long-term  Vision  for  the  EU's  Rural  Areas  -  Towards  stronger, 
connected,  resilient  and  prosperous  rural  areas  by  2040 
[COM(2021) 345 final] 

•  A new Circular Economy Action Plan [COM(2020) 98 final] 
•  Directive  on  port  reception  facilities  for  ship-generated  waste 

and cargo residues [2000/59/EC] 

•  Directive  on  port  reception  facilities  for  the  delivery  of  waste 

from ships [(EU) 2019/883] 

•  Directive on river information services [2005/44/EC] 
•  Directives  and  regulations  on  digital  maritime  systems  and 
services,  including  on  the  European  Maritime  Single  Window 
(EU) 
(EMSW) 
2023/204, (EU) 2023/205] 

[2005/44/EC,  2010/65/EU, 

(EU)  2019/1239, 

•  Regulation on the security on ships and in port facilities [(EC) No 

725/2004] 
•  Regulation 

for  the 
(EU)  1315/2013  on  Union  guidelines 
development of the trans-European transport network, currently 

148 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

under  repeal  by  the  Proposal  of  the  European  Commission  for 
the new TEN-T Regulation.] 

•  Regulation  (EU)  2021/1153  establishing  the  Connecting  Europe 
Facility  and  repealing  Regulations  (EU)  1316/2013  and  (EU) 
283/2014,  currently  under  amendment  by  the  Proposal  of  the 
European Commission for the new TEN-T Regulation 

•  Regulation (EU) 913/2010 concerning a European rail network for 
competitive  freight,  setting  up  the  EU  Rail  Freight  Corridors, 
currently under: a) amendment by the Proposal of the European 
Commission  for  the  new  TEN-T  Regulation  and  b)  potential 
repeal  by  the  Proposal  of  the  European  Commission  for  a 
Regulation  on  the  use  of  railway  infrastructure  capacity,  with 
effect from December 2023 
•  The Fuel EU Maritime initiative. 
•  The EU AFIR Initiative 

•  Directive laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within 
the Community the maximum authorised dimensions in national 
and international traffic and the maximum authorised weights in 
international traffic (Text with EEA relevance) [(EU) 2015/719] 
•  Directive on the establishment of common rules for certain types 
of  combined  transport  of  goods  between  Member  States 
[92/106/EEC] 

•  Regulation  concerning  a  European  rail  network  for  competitive 
freight, setting up the European Rail Freight Corridors, currently 
under revision [(EU) 913/2010] 

•  Regulation on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-

European transport network [(EU) No 1315/2013] 

149 

Specific to Topic 2.2 Multimodal connectivity 

Specific to Topic 2.3 Urban nodes 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

Specific to Topic 2.4 Renewable energy sources 

•  Regulation 

on 

guidelines 

for 

trans-European 

energy 

infrastructure and repealing [No 347/2013] 
•  Territorial Agenda 2030 - A future for all places 
•  The New EU Urban Mobility Framework [COM(2021) 811 final] 

•  An  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans 

[COM(2020) 641 final] 

•  A Renovation Wave for Europe Strategy: Greening our Buildings, 

Creating Jobs, Improving Lives [COM(2020)662 final] 

•  Directive on Energy Efficiency [(EU) 2018/2002] 
•  Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings [(EU) 2018/844] 
•  Directive on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable 

Sources [(EU) 2018/2001] 

•  European  Investment  Bank  (EIB)  Guidelines  for  (Energy)  Project 

Financing and Risk Assessment 

•  Fit for 55 Package: Clean Energy for All Europeans Package 
•  REPowerEU Plan [COM(2022) 230 final] 
•  The Energy Community Treaty [2006/500/EC] 
•  A Europe fit for the digital age 

Specific to Topic 2.5 "Future-proof energy networks 

•  The  Central  and  South  Eastern  Europe  energy  connectivity 

•  An  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans 

(CESEC) 

•  East Mediterranean Gas Forum - Long-term strategy 
•  South East Europe 2030 Strategy (Regional Cooperation Council) 

[COM(2020) 641 final] 

•  Council  Regulation  on  enhancing  solidarity  through  better 
coordination  of  gas  purchases,  reliable  price  benchmarks  and 
exchanges of gas across borders [(EU) 2022/2576] 

•  European  Investment  Bank  (EIB)  Guidelines  for  (Energy)  Project 

Financing and Risk Assessment 

•  Fit for 55 Package: Clean Energy for All Europeans Package 

150 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

•  Guidelines  for the Implementation of the  Green Agenda for the 

Western Balkans [SWD(2020) 223 final] 

•  Regulation 

guidelines 
infrastructure and repealing (TEN-T) [No 347/2013] 

trans-European 

for 

on 

energy 

•  Regulation on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-

European transport network [(EU) No 1315/2013] 

•  REPowerEU  Plan  [COM(2022)  230  final]  and  Strategy  for  EU 

External Energy Engagement [REPowerEU] 
•  The Energy Community Treaty [2006/500/EC] 
•  The European Green Deal [COM (2019) 640 final] 
•  Directive on common rules for the internal market for electricity 

[(EU) 2019/944] 

•  Regulation concerning measures to safeguard the security of gas 

supply [(EU) 2017/1938, (EU) 2022/1032] 

•  Regulation  on  risk-preparedness  in  the  electricity  sector  [(EU) 

2019/941] 

•  Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Action to 

Confront Climate Change [(EU) 2018/1999] 

•  Regulation on the internal market for electricity [(EU) 2019/943] 

Pillar 3 

•  The UN Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals  
•  UN  Convention  Biological  Diversity  and  its  Kunming  Montreal 

Global Biodiversity Framework 

•  Convention on the  protection of the Mediterranean Sea  against 
pollution  (Barcelona  Convention)  [Document  21976A0216(01)] 
and its Protocols 

•  Convention  on  the  conservation  of  migratory  species  of  wild 

animals [Document 21979A0623(01)]  

•  The European Green Deal [COM(2019) 640 final] 
•  A Farm to Fork Strategy [COM(2020) 381 final] 
•  A  long-term  Vision  for  the  EU's  Rural  Areas  -  Towards  stronger, 
connected,  resilient  and  prosperous  rural  areas  by  2040 
[COM(2021) 345 final] 

•  Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [COM(2020) 380 final] 
•  The Nature Restoration Law  
•  Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 

151 

 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

•  UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 
•  The  Paris  Protocol  –  A  blueprint  for  tackling  global  climate 

change beyond 2020 [COM/2015/081 final] 

Specific to Topic 3.1 Marine and coastal environment 

•  UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 
•  UN Resolution on Single-Use Plastics  
• 

•  Directive  on  the  conservation  of  natural  habitats  and  of  wild 

fauna and flora [92/43/EEC] 

•  Directive on the conservation of wild birds [2009/147/EC] 
•  Green  Infrastructure  —  Enhancing  Europe’s  Natural  Capital 

[COM/2013/0249 final] 

•  Guidelines  for the Implementation of the  Green Agenda for the 

Western Balkans [SWD(2020) 223 final] 

•  Regulation on Invasive Alien Species [(EU) 1143/2014 

•  8th Environment Action Programme 
•  The Common Fisheries Policy [Regulation (EU) no. 1380/2013 of 

11 December 2013] 

•  EU  Action  Plan: Protecting  and  restoring  marine  ecosystems  for 

sustainable and resilient fisheries 

•  Directive  as  regards  reducing  the  consumption  of  lightweight 

plastic carrier bags [(EU) 2015/720] 

•  Directive  on  establishing  a  framework  for  maritime  spatial 

planning [2014/89/EU] 

•  Directive on Nitrates [91/676/EEC] 
•  Directive  on  port  reception  facilities  for  the  delivery  of  waste 

from ships [(EU) 2019/883] 

•  Directive  on  quality  of  water  intended  for  human  consumption 

[(EU) 2020/2184] 

•  Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment [(EU) 91/271/EEC] 
•  Directive on Waste Framework [(EU) 2008/98/EC] 
•  EU  Action  Plan:  Towards  Zero  Pollution  for  Air,  Water  and  Soil 

152 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

[COM(2021) 400 final] 

•  European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) 
•  European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy [SWD(2018) 

16 final] 

•  Forging  a  climate-resilient  Europe  -  the  new  EU  Strategy  on 

Adaptation to Climate Change [COM(2021) 82 final] 
Integrated Costal Zone Management (ICZM) [(EU) 2002/413/CE] 

• 
•  Marine  Strategy  Framework  Directive 

(MSFD) 

[Directive 

2008/56/EC] 

•  Recovery  and  Resilience  Facility 

[Document  02021R0241-

20230301] 

•  Regulation  as  regards  introducing  new  environmental  economic 
[(EU)  No 

(Natural  capital  accounting) 

accounts  modules 
691/2011] 

•  The European Green Deal [COM (2019) 640 final] 
•  Water Framework Directive (WFD) [Directive 2000/60/EC] 
•  New  approach  for  a  Sustainable  Blue  Economy  in  the  EU 

[COM/2021/240 final] 

•  Council 

conclusions  on 

sustainable  blue  economy 
acknowledging  blue  corridors  [Council  conclusions,  May  2021, 
9153/21] 

a 

Specific to Topic 3.2 Transnational terrestrial habitats and biodiversity 

•  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild 

Fauna and Flora [CITES CoP19] 

•  The Ramsar Convention 
•  UNESCO World Heritage Convention 
• 

•  The European Green Deal [COM(2019) 640 final] 
•  Agreement  on  the  Conservation  of  African-Eurasian  Migratory 

Waterbirds (AEWA) 

•  EU Environment Partnership Programme for Accession (EPPA) 
•  Regulation  as  regards  introducing  new  environmental  economic 
[(EU)  No 

(Natural  capital  accounting) 

accounts  modules 

153 

 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Pillar 4 

•  UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 

Relevant EU policies include: 
691/2011] 

•  Regulation  on  the  European  Environment  Agency  and  the 
European  Environment  Information  and  Observation  Network 
[(EC) No 401/2009] 

•  The European Green Deal [COM (2019) 640 final] 
•  Sustainable Blue Economy [COM(2021) 240 final] 
•  A Farm to Fork Strategy [COM(2020) 381 final] 
•  A  long-term  Vision  for  the  EU's  Rural  Areas  -  Towards  stronger, 
connected,  resilient  and  prosperous  rural  areas  by  2040 
[COM(2021) 345 final] 

•  Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [COM(2020) 380 final] 
•  The Nature Restoration Law  
•  Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 

Specific to Topic 4.1 Facilitating digital and green transition of the tourism and cultural heritage offer 

•  UNESCO World Heritage Convention 
•  EuroVelo: the European cycle route network 

•  A  European  Strategy  for  more  Growth  and  Jobs  in  Coastal  and 

Maritime Tourism [COM/2014/086 final] 

•  European  Agenda  for  Tourism  2030  -  Council  conclusions 

(adopted on 01/12/2022) 

•  National tourism strategies of EUSAIR participating countries 
•  Resolution  establishing  the  Enlarged  Partial  Agreement  on 

Cultural Routes [CM/Res(2013)66] 

•  Resolution  on  establishing  the  EU  strategy  for  sustainable 

tourism [2020/2038(INI)] 

•  Resolution on the implementation of the New European Agenda 
for  Culture  and  the  EU  Strategy  for  International  Cultural 

154 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

Relations [2022/2047(INI)] 

•  Transition  Pathway  for  Tourism,  European  Commission  [DG 

GROW] 

•  New  European  Agenda  for  Culture  [COM/2018/267  final]  and 

national cultural strategies 

•  Digital  Services  Act  [Directive  2000/31/EC  and  Regulation  (EU) 

2022/2065] 

•  Creative Tourism Network (CTN) 
•  Decision  on  establishing  the  Union  action  for  the  European 
Capitals of Culture for the years 2020 to 2033 [No 445/2014/EU] 

•  European Capital and Green Pioneer of Smart Tourism 
•  European  Creative  Hubs  Network:  A  New  European  Agenda  for 

Culture [SWD(2018) 167 final] 

•  European Cultural Tourism Network (ECTN) 

Specific to Topic 4.2 Preparing for the future: knowledge, skills and management 

•  EuroVelo: the European cycle route network 

•  European  Agenda  for  Tourism  2030  -  Council  conclusions 

(adopted on 01/12/2022) 

•  National tourism strategies of EUSAIR participating countries 
•  Resolution  establishing  the  Enlarged  Partial  Agreement  on 

Cultural Routes [CM/Res(2013)66] 

•  Resolution on establishing an EU strategy for sustainable tourism 

[2020/2038(INI)] 

•  Resolution on the implementation of the New European Agenda 
for  Culture  and  the  EU  Strategy  for  International  Cultural 
Relations [2022/2047(INI)] 

•  Transition  Pathway  for  Tourism,  European  Commission  [DG 

GROW] 

•  New  European  Agenda  for  Culture  [COM/2018/267  final]  and 

155 

 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

national cultural strategies 

Specific to Topic 4.3 Greening of Tourism products and services 
•  WTO policy framework on Origin Products 
•  UNESCO World Heritage Convention 

Pillar 5  

•  UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals 

Specific to Topic 5.2  Youth engagement and employment 

•  Council of Europe Standing Conference of Ministers of Education 
(09/2023)  document  “The  Transformative  Power  of  Education: 
Universal Values and Civic Renewal” 

•  European  Agenda  for  Tourism  2030  -  Council  conclusions 

(adopted on 01/12/2022) 

•  Resolution  on  establishing  the  EU  strategy  for  sustainable 

tourism [2020/2038(INI)] 

•  Transition  Pathway  for  Tourism,  European  Commission  [DG 

GROW] 

•  Transition  Pathway  for  Agri-food,  European  Commission  [DG 

GROW] 

•  Digital  Services  Act  [Directive  2000/31/EC  and  Regulation  (EU) 

2022/2065] 

•  EC  SWD  (2023)  263  Co-creation  of  a  transition  pathway  for  a 

more resilient, sustainable and digital agrifood ecosystem 

•  A  long-term  Vision  for  the  EU's  Rural  Areas  -  Towards  stronger, 
connected,  resilient  and  prosperous  rural  areas  by  2040 
[COM(2021) 345 final] 

•  The  European  Pillar  of  Social  Rights  [Document  52017DC0250] 
and European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan [COM/2021/102 
final] 

•  Manifesto  for  Youth  by  Youth  to  Shape  European  Cooperation 

Policy 

•  The  European  Union  Youth  Strategy  2019-2027  [Document 

42018Y1218(01)] 

•  Youth Guarantee [2020/C 372/01] 

156 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

Specific to Topic 5.3 Promoting skills acquisition for future labour markets 
•  Council of Europe Standing Conference of Ministers of Education 
(09/2023)  document  “The  Transformative  Power  of  Education: 
Universal Values and Civic Renewal” 

•  ALMA (Aim, Learn, Master, Achieve) [(EU) 2022/2175] 
•  European Alliance for Apprenticeship (EAfA) 
•  European  Framework  for  Quality  and  Effective  Apprenticeship 

(2018/C 153/01) 

•  Youth Employment Support Package 
•  Quality  Framework  for  Traineeships  (Council  Recommendation 

10/03/2014) 

•  Recommendation  of  establishing  a  European  Child  Guarantee 

[(EU) 2021/1004] 

•  Regulation  on  establishing  Erasmus+:  the  Union  Programme  for 

education and training, youth and sport [(EU) 2021/817] 

•  Regulation  on  establishing  the  European  Solidarity  Corps 

Programme [(EU) 2021/888] 

•  Regulation on establishing the European Voluntary Humanitarian 

Aid Corps [(EU) No 375/2014] 

•  European care strategy [COM(2022) 440 final] 

•  Building  an  economy  that  works  for  people:  an  action  plan  for 

the social economy [SWD(2021) 373 final] 

•  European  Skills  Agenda  for  sustainable  competitiveness,  social 

fairness and resilience [COM(2020) 274 final] 

•  Harnessing talent in Europe’s regions [COM/2023/32 final] 
•  Recommendation on Upskilling Pathways: New Opportunities for 

Adults [2016/C 484/01] 

•  Recommendation  on  a  European  approach  to  micro-credentials 
for lifelong learning and employability [COM(2021) 770 final] 
•  Recommendation  on  individual  learning  accounts  [COM(2021) 

773 final] 

157 

 
 
 
 
Relevant global policies include: 

Relevant EU policies include: 

Specific to Topic 5.4 Equal opportunities in the labour market 

Specific to Topic 5.5 Social Innovations 

•  Regulation  establishing  the  European  Social  Fund  Plus  (ESF+) 

[(EU) 2021/1057] 

•  Regulation  on  establishing  Erasmus+:  the  Union  Programme  for 

education and training, youth and sport [(EU) 2021/817] 

•  Strengthening  Innovation  in  Europe's  Regions:  Strategies  for 
resilient, inclusive and sustainable growth [COM(2017) 376 final] 
•  Widening  Participation  and  Spreading  Excellence  Programme 

(Horizon Europe) 

•  Europe fit for Digital Age 

•  EU Pay Transparency Directive [Directive (EU) 2023/970] 
•  EU  Directive  on  Adequate  Minimum  Wages  [Directive  (EU) 

2022/2041] 

•  EU Directive on Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions 

[Directive (EU) 2019/1152] 

•  EU Legal Framework on Labour Mobility 
•  EU  Legal  Framework  on  Labour  Migration,  particularly  Seasonal 

Workers 

•  EC Communication on decent work [COM(2022) 66 final] 

•  Agenda towards sustainable Europe by 2030 
•  Green paper on ageing  
•  Building  an  economy  that  works  for  people:  an  action  plan  for 

the social economy [COM(2021) 778 final] 

•  A Europe fit for the digital age 

158 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
159 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 2 - Overview of the most relevant negotiating chapters for Cohesion Policy 

The  selected  related  negotiating  chapters  are  listed  below  in  accordance  with  the  new 
enlargement methodology that clusters the negotiating chapters thematically. 

Cluster 

Fundamentals 

Related Chapters of 
the Acquis 

Chapter  23  –  Judiciary 
and 
Fundamental 
Rights 

Fundamentals 

Chapter  5 
Procurement 

-  Public 

Fundamentals 

Chapter 18 – Statistics 

Summary 

EU policies in the area of judiciary and fundamental rights aim 
to  maintain  and  further  develop  the  Union  as  an  area  of 
freedom,  security  and 
justice.  The  establishment  of  an 
independent and efficient judiciary is of paramount importance. 
Impartiality, integrity and a high standard of adjudication by the 
courts  are  essential  for  safeguarding  the  rule  of  law.  A  solid 
legal  framework  and  reliable  institutions  are  required  to 
underpin  a  coherent  policy  of  prevention  and  deterrence  of 
corruption.  Member  States  must  ensure 
for 
fundamental  rights  and  EU  citizens’  rights,  as  guaranteed  by 
the acquis and by the Fundamental Rights Charter. 

respect 

EU  rules  ensure  that  public  procurement  of  goods,  services 
and works in any Member State is transparent and open to all 
EU  companies  on  the  basis  of  non-discrimination  and  equal 
treatment. 

EU rules require that Member States are able to produce good 
quality  statistics  in  line  with  the  principles  of  the  European 
statistics  Code  of  Practice  and  based  on  professional 
transparency  and 
independence, 
confidentiality.  Common 
the 
methodology,  production  and  dissemination  of  statistical 
information. 

rules  are  provided 

impartiality, 

reliability, 

for 

Fundamentals 

Chapter  32  -  Financial 
Control 

improve  managerial  accountability,  sound 

The  EU  promotes  the  reform  of  national  governance  systems 
to 
financial 
management of income and expenditure, and external audit of 
public funds. The financial control rules further protect the EU’s 
financial  interests  against  fraud  in  the  management  of  EU 
funds and the Euro against counterfeiting. 

Internal market 

Chapter  2  –  Freedom 
of 
of 
Movement 
Workers 

Citizens of one Member State have the right to work in another 
Member State and must be given the same working and social 
conditions as other workers. 

Internal market 

Chapter 
Competition Policy 

8 

– 

EU  rules protect  free  competition.  They include  antitrust  rules 
against restrictive agreements between companies and abuse 
of dominant position, and also include rules on concentrations 
between  companies  which  would  significantly 
impede 
competition.  EU  rules  also  set  out  a  system  of  State  aid 
control.  Governments  are  only  allowed  to  grant  State  aid  if 
restrictive  conditions  are  met,  with  a  view  to  preventing 
distortion of competition. 

Green  agenda 
and  sustainable 
connectivity  

Green  agenda 
and  sustainable 
connectivity 

Chapter 14 - Transport 

The EU has common rules for technical and safety standards, 
security, social standards, State aid and market liberalisation in 
road 
inland  waterways,  combined 
transport, aviation and maritime transport 

transport, 

railways, 

Chapter 15 – Energy 

EU  energy  policy  covers  energy  supply,  infrastructure,  the 
internal energy market, consumers, renewable energy, energy 
efficiency,  nuclear  energy  and  nuclear  safety,  and  radiation 
protection. 

160 

 
 
 
 
 
Green  agenda 
and  sustainable 
connectivity 

Chapter  21  -  Trans-
European Networks 

Green  agenda 
and  sustainable 
connectivity 

27 

Chapter 
Environment 
Climate Change 

– 
and 

The  EU  promotes  trans-European  networks  (TENs)  in  the 
to 
areas  of 
strengthen  the  internal  market  and  contribute  to  growth  and 
employment. 

telecommunications  and  energy 

transport, 

The  EU  promotes  strong  climate  action,  sustainable 
development  and  protection  of  the  environment.  EU  law 
contains  provisions  addressing  climate  change,  water  and  air 
quality,  waste  management,  nature  protection, 
industrial 
pollution, chemicals, noise and civil protection. 

The  interconnections  between  the  Chapters  are  particularly  significant  in  terms  of  Regional 
Policy.  The  ten  chapters  identified  are  part  of  three  Clusters.  Cluster  1  –  Fundamentals, 
which  also  covers  the  areas  of  economic  criteria,  functioning  of  democratic  institutions  and 
public administration reform, as well as four chapters: 5, 18, 23 and 32. Furthermore, Cluster 
2 on Internal Market combines two chapters: Chapter 2 – Freedom of Movement of Workers 
and  Chapter  8  -  Competition  Policy,  while  Cluster  4  –  Green  Agenda  &  Sustainable 
Connectivity includes chapters 12, 15, 21 and 27 as the most important sectoral policies for 
cohesion policy. 

161 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 3 - Indicative list of relevant funding sources and the embedding principle 

By  design,  macro-regional  strategies  (MRS)  such  as  the  EU  Strategy  for  the  Adriatic-Ionian  Region 
(EUSAIR) do not have their own funding. Successful implementation of a Strategy therefore depends 
on the one hand directly on its absorption and generation of EU, national, regional and other public 
and  private  funds.  On  the  other  hand,  MRS  comprise  a  variety  of  complex  thematic  policy  fields, 
which means that in the implementation process, it is vital to align and streamline EUSAIR Pillars and 
Topics  and  to  create  synergies  with  other  instruments  and  funding  sources  to  secure  a  sound 
implementation of the goals set.  

The Strategy covers many fields – from business start-ups to transport links, climate action to green 
multifunctionality...  and  much  more.  The  Strategy  is  therefore  a  one-stop  shop  for  news,  stories, 
funding opportunities, and related information on cooperation between the European Union and the 
Western Balkans. 

Indicative list of EU funds accessible to EU Member States only: 

•  ERDF & CF 
• 
Interreg 
•  RRF 
• 
•  ESF+ 
•  EAFRD 
•  EMFAF 

Just Transition Fund 

Indicative  list  of  EU  funds  accessible  to  EU  candidate  countries  and  potential  candidates,  in 
cooperation with EU Member States: 

Interreg IPA 
LIFE 

• 
• 
•  Horizon Europe 
•  Digital Europe 
•  Erasmus + 
•  Creative Europe 
•  European Solidarity Corps 

Indicative list of EU funds accessible to EU candidate countries and potential candidates: 

IPA 
IPARD 
IPA-IPA CBC 
Initiative for coal regions in transition in the Western Balkans and Ukraine 

• 
• 
• 
• 
•  Erasmus + 
•  Creative Europe 
•  European Solidarity Corps 

162 

 
 
 
 
The  Strategy  also  aims  at  stimulating  an  inclusive  financial  dialogue  with  financial  vehicles  like  the 
Western  Balkans  Investment  Framework  (WBIF),  banks  like  the  European  Bank  for  Reconstruction 
and Development (EBRD) or the European Investment Bank (EIB), development agencies, etc. 

163 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 4 – Stakeholders  

Pillar 

Topic  

1 

2  

3 

4 

5 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3  

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5  

3.1 

3.2  

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

5.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.5  

Relevant EU and other funds managing authorities. 

Relevant  IPA  management  and  control  systems’  bodies,  including  National  IPA 
Coordinators and IPARD Agencies 
Relevant official bodies in charge of human and minority rights 

Regional and National Environmental Protection Agencies 

Authorities in charge of Protected Areas Management (local, regional, subregional 
level) 
Local and regional authorities 
Regional Administrations 

Local  and  regional  authorities  in  charge  of  environment,  biodiversity  and  nature 
protection 
Local and regional transport authorities of metropolitan and urban areas 

x 

x 

x 

Urban and regional planners in metropolitan and urban areas 

Local energy agencies networks 

Local and regional tourism offices and development agencies  

Local, regional and national tourism boards and agrifood boards 

Local  and  regional  fisheries  management  organisations,  such  as  the  General 
Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) 
EATIP and its mirror platforms in the Adriatic Ionian Region Sector-specific advisory 
bodies  Initiatives  on  RDI  in  the  field  of  blue  economy  and  other  CSAs    (ex. 
BlueMed, Blue Mission MED) 
International organisations and treaties, such as the Barcelona Convention through 
its Regional Action Centres, ACCOBAMS, Bern Convention, etc 
Trans-European Networks – Transport (TEN-T) stakeholders 

Transport Community 

Central and South Eastern Europe Energy Connectivity (CESEC) High-Level Working 
Group 
Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) 

Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

164 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pillar 

Topic  

Energy Community (EnC) 

Energy Community Distribution System Operators in Electricity (ECDSO-E) 

European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) 

European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSO-G) 

Technical Assistance to Connectivity in the Western Balkans (CONNECTA) 

International Energy Agency (IEA) 

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) 

Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) 

National regulatory agencies 

European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) 

European  Federation  of  Agencies  and  Regions  for  Energy  and  Environment 
(FEDARENE) 
European Labour Authority (ELA) 

Airports authorities 

Port authorities 

Road authorities 

Railway infrastructure managers and railway undertakings 

Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAS) 

Multilateral Environmental Agencies (MEAS) 

Non-governmental organizations  

Social Partners and civil society organisations 

Gender equality organisations 

Non-governmental  organisations  in  the  field  of  environment,  biodiversity  and 
nature protection 
Non-governmental organisations in the field of tourism, culture, natural protection 
and heritage 
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations 

1 

2  

3 

4 

5 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3  

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5  

3.1 

3.2  

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

5.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.5  

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

165 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pillar 

Topic  

Regional Sea Conventions 

Research institutes, academia and scientific organisations 

Universities and educational institutions, including schools 

Training institutions 

Scientific institutions 

International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (ex. CIHEAM) 

International Development and Cooperation 

Fisheries and Marine Management 

Ministries of Culture and Tourism  

Ministries of the Economy 

Ministries of Maritime Affairs 

Ministries of Universities, Research and Education 

Ministries of Science and Technology 

Ministries of SMEs 

Ministries of Agriculture 

Ministries for Rural Development and Food 

Ministries of Forestry 

Ministries of Fisheries and Aquaculture 

Ministries for the Environment 

Ministries of Transport and Infrastructure 

Ministries of Labour / Employment 

Labour Inspectorates 

Civil protection and disaster control authorities 

Planning Authorities 

Port Authorities  

1 

2  

3 

4 

5 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3  

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5  

3.1 

3.2  

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

5.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.5  

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

166 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 

2  

3 

4 

5 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3  

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5  

3.1 

3.2  

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

5.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.5  

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

Pillar 

Topic  

Port Users 

Local and private energy communities  

Rural Communities and LAGs, Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) 

x 

x 

Business  associations,  SME  associations,  and  clusters  in  the  field  of  “blue 
sustainable economy” 
Chambers of Commerce 

Business association, Chambers of Commerce, SME associations, and clusters in the 
field of transport 
Business association, Chambers of Commerce, SME associations, and clusters in the 
field of tourism, and cultural and creative industries  
Local environmental associations (e.g. Friends of the Earth) 

Agricultural Associations and Associations of Agricultural Cooperatives and groups 
of growers 
REScoop.eu (European Federation of Citizen Energy Cooperatives) 

National Associations for Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency 

National energy RDI agencies 

Consumers Associations 

Public transport passenger associations 

Cycling Associations and organizations, 

Association of European Regions for Products of Origin (AREPO) 

Agrofood Partnerships and clusters in the Supply chain 

Business support organisations, innovation agencies/centres and technology parks 

x 

SMEs and large companies in the fish value chain (also cooperatives and consortia) 

x 

x 

SMEs and large companies in the field of shipping and freight transport 

Multimodal operators 

Public transport operators 

Organisations in charge of smart specialisation strategies 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

167 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pillar 

Topic  

1 

2  

3 

4 

5 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3  

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5  

3.1 

3.2  

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

5.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.5  

Social and Solidarity economy  entities 

Destination management organisations (DMOs) at national, regional and local level  

Internation Union for Conservation of Nature (IUNC)  

OECD  

Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) 

UN Conference of the Parties of the Framework Convention on Climate Change 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) 

UNESCO 

UNDP  

UNWTO  

UN Tourism (UNFAO) 

Projects, networks, clusters in Horizon EU and the EIT 

x 

x 

Projects funded by the Horizon EU Mission ‘Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030’ 
and  the  new  Sustainable  Blue  Economy  Partnership  co-founded  by  the  EU 
Commission under  cluster 6 of Horizon Europe 
Initiatives on RDI in the field of blue economy (ex. BlueMed, Blue Mission MED) 

x 

x 

Association of European Border Regions Young Leaders 

Erasmus Student Network (ESN) 

Interreg Volunteer Youth (IVY) 

EUSAIR POPRI network of technology parks 

Young European Ambassadors (YEAs) 

The European Youth Forum 

Youth associations 

Youth Regional Network (YRN) 

Public employment services (PES) 

National / regional youth workers and youth workers association 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

168 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pillar 

Topic  

European Investment Bank (EIB) 

Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF) 

Adriatic and Ionian Interregional Group at the Committee of the Regions 

Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) 

Covenant of Mayors 

Adriatic and Ionian Initiative (AII) 

Forum of the Adriatic and Ionian Cities (FAIC) 

Forum of the Adriatic and Ionian Chambers of Commerce (Forum AIC) 

Association of Adriatic and Ionian Universities (UniAdrion) 

1 

2  

3 

4 

5 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3  

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5  

3.1 

3.2  

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

5.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.5  

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

169