EIB investment survey 2024 : France overview.
Date: 2025-03-20
Institutions: European Investment Bank
Subjects: France, aid to undertakings, corporate finance, data collection, investment abroad, investment policy, large business, loan, report, sample survey, small and medium-sized enterprises

EIB INVESTMENT SURVEY 2024

FRANCE

OVERVIEW

  
EIB INVESTMENT SURVEY 2024

FRANCE

OVERVIEW

EIB Investment Survey 2024 Country Overview: France 

© European Investment Bank, 2025. 
All rights reserved. 
All questions on rights and licensing should be addressed to publications@eib.org. 

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About the EIB Economics Department 
The mission of the EIB Economics Department is to provide economic analyses and studies to support the Bank in its operations 
and in the definition of its positioning, strategy, and policy. The department and its team of economists is headed by Debora 
Revoltella, director of economics. 

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Disclaimer 
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European 
Investment Bank. 

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You can also contact our InfoDesk, info@eib.org. 

Published by the European Investment Bank. 

Printed on FSC® paper. 

pdf:  QH-01-24-004-EN-N 

ISBN  978-92-861-5813-1 

ISSN  2599-8005 

doi:  10.2867/5228305 

Table of contents 

EIBIS 2024 – France overview ............................................................................................ 1 

Investment dynamics and focus ......................................................................................... 3 

Investment needs and priorities ........................................................................................ 6 

International trade ............................................................................................................ 8 

Climate change and energy efficiency .............................................................................. 10 

Innovation activities ........................................................................................................ 15 

Investment Barriers ......................................................................................................... 17 

Room for streamlining, and for strengthening the single market ...................................... 18 

Access to finance ............................................................................................................. 19 

Gender equality in business ............................................................................................. 23 

EIBIS 2024: Country technical details ............................................................................... 24 

 
 
 
 
About the EIB Investment Survey 

The EIB Group Investment Survey (EIBIS), conducted annually since 2016, is a unique survey of approximately 13 000 
firms across all European Union Member States, with an additional sample from the United States. 

The survey collects data on firm characteristics and performance, past investment activities and future plans, sources 
of finance, financing issues and other challenges, such as climate change and digital transformation. The EIBIS uses a 
stratified sampling methodology, and is representative across all 27 EU Member States and the United States, as well 
as across four categories of firm size (micro to large) and four main economic sectors (manufacturing, construction, 
services and infrastructure). The survey is designed to build a panel of observations, supporting the analysis of time-
series  data.  Observations  can  also  be  linked  back  to  data  on  firm  balance  sheets  and  profit  and  loss  statements. 
Developed and managed by the EIB Economics Department, the survey is conducted with support from Ipsos. 

About this publication 

The reports resulting from EIBIS provide an overview of data collected for the 27 EU Member States and the United 
States. They are intended to provide a snapshot of the data. For the purpose of these publications, data are weighted 
by value added to better reflect the contribution of different firms to economic output. Contact: eibis@eib.org. 

The EIBIS 2024 overview presents the results of the survey run in 2024. Questions in the survey might point to “last 
financial year” (2023) or “expectations for the current year” (2024). The text and the footnote referring to the question 
will specify in each case which year is considered. 

Due to rounding, charts may not add up to 100%. 

Download  the  findings  of  the  EIB  Investment  Survey  for  each  EU  country  and  explore  the  data  portal  at 
www.eib.org/eibis. 

Main contributors to this publication 

Bertrand Magné 
Marine André 
Julie Delanote 
Ea Dumancic 
Peter Harasztosi 

 
 
 
EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

Key results 

Investment dynamics, needs and priorities 

In line with the evolution in the EU, the share of French firms investing plateaued in EIBIS 2024, after steadily rising in 
recent years, and the share of firms expecting to increase rather than decrease investment has reduced by more than 
a half in 2024 (from a net balance of 13% in EIBIS 2023 to 4% in EIBIS 2024). French firms are, on balance, negative about 
the political and regulatory climate and the economic climate, with more firms expecting a deterioration rather than an 
improvement in the next 12 months. The outlook for the political and regulatory climate has reached its lowest levels 
to date. On all the measure, French firms are slightly more negative than EU firms, in net balance terms. 

Many French firms are satisfied with their overall level of investment over the last three years (79%), but a large minority 
report investment gaps (16%). French firms continue to focus their investment on replacement rather than capacity 
expansion, with the share of firms investing to expand operations 7 percentage points below (19%) that of EU firms. 
French firms dedicate a large portion (36%) of their investments to intangible assets, like EU firms (37%). Looking ahead, 
French firms still prioritise replacement investment over capacity expansion, and this has increased over the past year. 

Global value chains, climate change and innovation 

Compared to EU firms overall, French firms report less international trade (55% vs. 63% for EU firms). In EIBIS 2024, 
concerns about supply chain disruptions declined slightly in both France and the EU. Compliance with new regulations 
and standards or certifications and logistical challenges are the key trade-related challenges for French firms. French 
firms are more likely than EU firms to feel that access to raw commodities or raw materials is a trade-related challenge. 
In response to trade obstacles, French firms are prioritising the build-up of stocks and inventory, investment in digital 
inputs tracking, and the diversification of suppliers to strengthen supply chain resilience. Noteworthily, French firms are 
more inclined to reduce their reliance on international trade by reducing the share of imported goods and services than 
EU firms (15% vs. 7% for EU firms). 

French  firms  continue  to  lead  in  investments  to  tackle  the  impacts  of  weather  events  or  reduce  carbon  emissions, 
outpacing the EU average (68% already invested vs. 61% EU firms). Two in five French firms (39%) consider the transition 
to stricter climate standards and regulations as a risk for their business over the next five years, while 24% see it as an 
opportunity. Almost all (96%) of French firms have taken actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,  above the EU 
average (91%). Key strategies adopted by firms include investment in waste reduction, recycling, energy efficiency and 
sustainable transport. French firms are more likely than EU firms to have adopted waste minimisation and recycling and 
sustainable transport options, but less likely to have adopted renewable energy. Overall, 63% of French firms have been 
directly impacted to physical risk of climate change, similar to firms across the EU. However, the share of firms having 
taken adaptation measures remains low in both France and the EU, with less than 50% of firms having implemented 
measures. In France and the European Union, large firms were more likely to take action. Only 12% of French firms were 
insured against climate risks, fewer than in the EU (21%).  

Innovation and digitalisation are a key source of firms’ competitiveness. French firms match EU firms in relation to the 
pace of innovation. French firms are behind EU firms on the adoption of advanced digital technologies (60% vs. 74%). 
In France, larger firms and those in the manufacturing sector show the highest rates of digital adoption, while the use 
of digital technologies is lower in the construction sector compared with other sectors.  

Investment barriers 

The business environment remains a concern for firms in France, as it does across the European Union. The availability 
of staff with the right skills, uncertainty about the future and energy costs remain key concerns in both France and the 
European Union. Positively, in France, firms perceive improvements in demand for products or services, skilled staff 
availability,  and  transport  infrastructure.  Furthermore,  demand  for  products  or  services,  business  regulation  and 
adequate transport infrastructure are perceived as less of an obstacle in France than across the EU overall. 

Looking into regulatory issues and the functioning of the EU single market sheds some new light on the fragmentation 
of the European Union single market. Firms were asked whether their key product is subject to differentiated regulatory 
requirements  and  standards  (e.g.,  consumer  protection,  health  and  safety  standards,  environmental  standards  for 
products) across EU countries. A large minority (43%) of French firms that export to other European Union countries 

EIBIS 2024 – France overview | 1 

report that they have to comply with different standards and consumer protection rules across EU member states,  a 
lower than in the EU overall (60%). The survey also asks firms to estimate the number of employees dedicated to dealing 
with  compliance  to  regulatory  requirements  and  standards.  About  87%  of  French  firms  employ  staff  for  regulatory 
compliance. The regulatory burden can be cumbersome for SMEs, given their small size. More than a quarter (28%) of 
French SMEs report that more than 10% of their staff are employed to deal with regulatory requirements and reporting. 

Access to finance  

In the last financial year, French firms have been using internal finance more often and the share of firms happy to rely 
on internal finance has increased over the last two years. The share of finance constrained firms has increased in France. 
This increase is driven by concerns about the cost of credit and difficulties in obtaining sufficient funding.  

Bank financing remained the dominant source of external funding in 2023, for both French and EU firms but the share 
of French firms relying on external financing for investment is higher than among their EU counterparts. More than a 
quarter of French firms access policy support, in the form of bank finance on concessional terms, such as with subsidised 
interest rates or extended repayment terms, or grants. This is in line with the EU average. 

Gender equality in business 

French firms are comparable to the EU average in terms of the share of firms with female representation in senior roles 
and as company’s owners. The services sector emerges as the frontrunner in gender equality within France, highlighting 
the need for continued progress in other sectors. 

2 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
Investment dynamics and focus 

Investment dynamics by institutional sector 

From a macroeconomic perspective, the investment cycle is softening.  With high interest rates and weak demand 
corporate investments started receding while household investment pursue their downward trend. Domestic demand 
is now pulled by dynamic government investment only. 

Evolution  of  total  gross  fixed  capital  formation  (in  real  terms,  non-seasonally  and  non-calendar  adjusted),  by 
institutional sector 

5%

3%

1%

-1%

-3%

-5%

-7%

1
Q
0
2
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

3
Q
0
2
0
2

4
Q
0
2
0
2

1
Q
1
2
0
2

2
Q
1
2
0
2

3
Q
1
2
0
2

4
Q
1
2
0
2

1
Q
2
2
0
2

2
Q
2
2
0
2

3
Q
2
2
0
2

4
Q
2
2
0
2

1
Q
3
2
0
2

2
Q
3
2
0
2

3
Q
3
2
0
2

4
Q
3
2
0
2

1
Q
4
2
0
2

2
Q
4
2
0
2

Corporations

Government

Households

Total

Year-on-year growth of total gross fixed capital formation (in real terms), by institutional sector 

3%

2%

1%

0%

-1%

-2%

-3%

1
Q
2
2
0
2

2
Q
2
2
0
2

3
Q
2
2
0
2

4
Q
2
2
0
2

1
Q
3
2
0
2

2
Q
3
2
0
2

3
Q
3
2
0
2

4
Q
3
2
0
2

1
Q
4
2
0
2

2
Q
4
2
0
2

Corporations

Government

Households

Total

The graph at the top shows the evolution of total gross fixed capital formation (in real terms, non-seasonally and non-calendar adjusted), by institutional sector. The 
nominal GFCF source data are transformed into four-quarter sums, deflated using the implicit deflator for total GFCF (2015 = €100). The four-quarter sum of total GFCF 
in the fourth quarter of 2019 is normalised to 0. 
Source: Eurostat. 

The graph at the bottom shows the year-on-year growth of total gross fixed capital formation (in real terms), by institutional sector. The data are deflated using the 
implicit deflator for total GFCF. 
Source: Eurostat. 

Investment dynamics and focus | 3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment dynamics and focus 

Investment cycle and evolution of investment expectations 

The  share  of  firms  investing  has  plateaued  after  rising  in  recent  years.  However,  the  share  of  firms  expecting  to 
increase rather than decrease investment has more than halved in EIBIS 2024 (from net balance of 13% in EIBIS 2023 to 
net balance of 4% in EIBIS 2024). This reflects the investment cycle among EU firms. 

Low investment expanding

High investment expanding

FR 2022

FR 2021

SME

e
s
a
e
r
c
e
d
/
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

i

o
t
g
n
i
t
c
e
p
x
e
s

m

r
i
F

)

%
e
c
n
a

l

a
b
t
e
n
(
4
2
0
2
n

i

t
n
e
m

t
s
e
v
n

i

30%

20%

10%

0%

-10%

-20%

-30%

-40%

EU 2023

FR 2023
FR 2024
Infrastructure

Services

Large

EU 2024 Manufacturing

Construction

FR 2020

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

Low investment contracting

High investment contracting

% of firms investing

Share of firms investing shows the percentage of firms with investment per employee greater than €500.  

Base for share of firms investing: all firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 
Base for expected and realised change: all firms. 

Expected and realised investment changes over time: 

Realised  change  in  last  financial 
year (net balance %) 
Expected  change  in  current  financial 
year (net balance %) 

FR 

2019

17%

18%

2020

-20%

-34%

2021

17%

10%

2022
23%

20%

2023
19%

13%

“Realised change” is the share of firms that invested more, minus those that invested less.  
“Expected change” is the share of firms that expect(ed) to invest more, minus those that expect(ed) to invest less. 

Expectation for
2024 relative to
2023

4%

4 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment dynamics and focus 

Purpose of investment in last financial year 

French firms continue to focus their investment on replacement rather than capacity expansion. Fewer French firms 
invested in capacity expansion in the last financial year compared to other EU firms. 

Capacity expansion

Replacement

New products/services

Other

t
n
e
m

t
s
e
v
n

i

'
s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

13

52

26

12

15

48

24

19

13

49

19

13

21

46

20

13

10

58

19

24

10

49

17

22

49

21

18

14

52

15

19

12

46

22

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. What proportion of total investment was for (a) developing or introducing new products, processes or services; (b) replaci ng capacity (including existing 
buildings, machinery, equipment and IT); (c) expanding capacity for existing products/services? 
Base: All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t know/ refused responses).  

Investment areas  

Firms in France report an average of 36% of their investment in intangible assets for 2023. Services firms directed a 
larger share of their investment towards land, building and infrastructure compared to other sectors.  

Land, business buildings and infrastructure

Machinery and equipment

Research and development

Training of employees

Software, data, IT and website activities

Organisation/business processes

e
r
a
h
s

t
n
e
m

t
s
e
v
n

i

e
g
a
r
e
v
A

10

13

48

14

18

10

48

15

14

10

50

15

11

61

19

60

19

11

46

18

13

51

13

13

37

28

10

49

19

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. In the last financial year, how much did your business invest in each of the following with the intention of maintaining o r increasing your company’s future 
earnings? 
Base: All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t know/ refused responses).  
Note: Tangible assets are land and machinery; intangible assets are research and development, software, data, IT and website activities, training of employees 
and organisation/business processes. 

Investment dynamics and focus | 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment needs and priorities 

Perceived investment gap 

Most French firms are satisfied with their overall investment level over the past three years, but a significant minority 
(16%) report an investment gap. 

Invested too little

Invested about the right amount

Invested too much

Don't know/refused

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

80

80

79

78

84

82

14

13

16

15

13

12

75

21

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

80

78

15

16

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Looking back at your investment over the last three years, was it too much, too little, or about the right amount to ensure the success of your bu siness going 
forward? 
Base: All firms (excluding response “Company didn’t exist three years ago”). 

Future investment priorities 

Looking ahead to the next  three years, French firms  expect to prioritise replacement  investment  over expansion. 
French firms are more likely to be expecting to prioritise replacement than they were in EIBIS 2023. 

Capacity expansion

Replacement

New products/services

No investment planned

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

12

25

36

26

12

30

28

31

12

29

37

22

33

32

27

21

29

29

22

14

28

32

26

11

27

49

12

21

25

37

17

33

36

26

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Looking ahead to the next three years, which of the following is your investment priority: (a) developing or introducing new products, processes and services; 
(b)  replacing  capacity  (including  existing  buildings,  machinery,  equipment  and  IT);  (c)  expanding  capacity  for  existing  products/services;  (d)  no  investment 
planned? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

6 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment needs and priorities 

Short-term drivers and constraints (net balance) 

The  investment  outlook  remains  mixed.  French  firms  are,  on  balance,  negative  about  the  political  and  regulatory 
climate, the economic climate, with more firms expecting a deterioration rather than an improvement in the next 12 
months. The outlook for the political and regulatory climate has reached its lowest levels to date. On all the measures, 
French firms are slightly more negative than EU firms, in net balance terms. 

FR net balance*

EU net balance*

80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
-80%

7
1
0
2

8
1
0
2

9
1
0
2

0
2
0
2

1
2
0
2

2
2
0
2

3
2
0
2

4
2
0
2

7
1
0
2

8
1
0
2

9
1
0
2

0
2
0
2

1
2
0
2

2
2
0
2

3
2
0
2

4
2
0
2

7
1
0
2

8
1
0
2

9
1
0
2

0
2
0
2

1
2
0
2

2
2
0
2

3
2
0
2

4
2
0
2

7
1
0
2

8
1
0
2

9
1
0
2

0
2
0
2

1
2
0
2

2
2
0
2

3
2
0
2

4
2
0
2

7
1
0
2

8
1
0
2

9
1
0
2

0
2
0
2

1
2
0
2

2
2
0
2

3
2
0
2

4
2
0
2

Political or
regulatory climate

Economic
climate

Business prospects
in the sector

Availability of
external finance

Availability of
internal finance

% of firms (net balance)

Q. Do you think that each of the following will improve, stay the same, or get worse over the next 12 months? 
Base: All firms 
* Net balance is the share of firms expecting an improvement minus the share of firms anticipating a deterioration. Negative values thus imply that more firms 
expect a deterioration than an improvement. 

Short-term drivers and constraints by sector and firm size (net balance) 

French infrastructure firms are, on balance, pessimistic about every measure, with more expecting a decline rather 
than an improvement. 

Political or regulatory climate

Economic climate

Business prospects

External finance

Internal finance

FR

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

52%

42%

38%

59%

61%

44%

59%

43%

29%

33%

54%

52%

39%

47%

0%

8%

10%

0%

12%

1%

0%

% of firms (net balance)

1%

0%

2%

7%

9%

2%

1%

4%

1%

15%

3%

18%

1%

7%

Note: green figures represent a positive net balance, while red figures represent a negative net balance. Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Do you think that each of the following will improve, stay the same, or get worse over the next 12 months? 
Base: All firms. 

Investment needs and priorities | 7 

  
 
 
 
 
International trade 

Engagement in international trade 

French firms are less likely to engage in international trade (either within the EU or outside the EU) than firms in other 
EU member states. Manufacturers and large firms are more likely to be trading internationally. 

Imported and exported

Only imported

Only exported

Neither

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

37

12

12

39

44

11

14

31

45

12

12

31

15

16

64

78

46

30

20

64

17

14

55

11

12

22

37

13

12

37

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. In 2023, did your company export or import goods and/or services? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Obstacles related to international trade 

While trade disruptions have  declined slightly for both French and EU firms since the start  of 2023, French firms 
remain particularly concerned about compliance with new regulations and standards or certifications and logistical 
challenges.  Compared  to  their  EU  counterparts,  French  businesses  express  greater  concern  about  access  to 
commodities, raw materials, and specifically semiconductors and microchips. 

EU - major obstacle
EU - minor obstacle
EU 2023

FR - major obstacle
FR - minor obstacle
FR 2023

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

26

14

EU

29

17

FR

16

EU

20

FR

29

EU

29

FR

31

17

EU

31

20

FR

32

18

EU

36

17

FR

31

11

EU

38

FR

Access to commodities
or raw materials

Access to
semiconductors and
microchips

Access to other
components, semi-
finished products,
services or equipment

Disruptions of logistics
and transport

Compliance with new
regulations, standards
or certifications

Recent changes in
customs and tariffs*

Q. Since the beginning of 2023, were any of the following an obstacle to your business’s activities? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 
*Base: All importers and exporters (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

8 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
International trade 

Change in sourcing strategy 

While French and EU firms have adopted similar overall strategies in response to trade shocks, French firms are twice 
as likely to reduce their reliance on international trade by decreasing imported goods and services (15% vs. 7% of EU 
firms).  

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

20

EU

17

FR

20

EU

14

FR

7

EU

15

FR

19

EU

15

FR

Increasing stocks and
inventory

Investing in digital inventory
and inputs tracking

Reducing the share of
imported goods or services *

Diversifying or increasing the
number of countries you
import from *

Q. Since the beginning of 2023, has your company made any of the following changes to your sourcing strategy, or are you plan ning to make any of these 
changes this year? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 
* Base: All firms that import (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

International trade | 9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Climate change and energy efficiency 

Impact of climate change — physical risk 

Overall, 63% of French firms report they have been impacted by the physical risk of climate change (either as a major 
or minor impact). Almost half of infrastructure firms report that their firm had not been impacted by the physical risk 
of climate change. 

A major impact

A minor impact

No impact at all

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

34

46

20

39

41

20

38

39

24

36

36

28

26

52

22

32

41

26

49

34

17

39

34

27

37

43

21

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q.  Thinking  about  the impact  of  climate  change on your company, such  as  losses  due  to  extreme  climate  events,  including droughts ,  flooding,  wildfires  or 
storms, or changes in weather patterns due to progressively increasing temperatures and rainfall. What is the impact, also called physical risk, of this on your 
company? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Building resilience to physical risk  

Less than half of firms in both France and the EU has taken at least one of the actions asked about to adapt to climate 
change.  Within France, large firms were taking more action than SMEs. Only 12% of French firms were insured against 
climate risks, compared to 21% across the European Union. 

Any action
Investment in solutions to avoid/reduce exposure to physical risks

Adaptation strategy for physical risks
Buying or renewing insurance products to offset climate-related losses

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

48

29

22

21

47

29

27

34

57

38

34

12

19

19

9

14

EU 2024

FR 2024

SME

Large

Please note: Firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Has your company developed or invested in any of the following measures to build resilience to the physical risks of clima te change? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

10 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Climate change and energy efficiency 

Risks associated with the transition to a net zero emission economy over 
the next five years 

Overall, about 40% of French firms consider the transition to stricter climate standards and regulations as a risk over 
the next five years, compared to 24% of firms who see it as an opportunity. Manufacturing firms consider this both 
more of a risk as well as an opportunity compared to other sectors. 

A risk

No impact

An opportunity

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

27

39

34

29

34

36

24

37

39

31

27

41

27

42

31

19

37

43

21

43

36

22

43

34

26

31

43

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Thinking about your company, what impact do you expect this transition to stricter climate standards and regulations will have on your company over the 
next five years? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 

While  most firms  in  both  France  and the EU have  taken  measures  to  reduce  greenhouse-gas  emissions,  a  higher 
proportion of firms in France have done so. Investment in waste minimisation and recycling and energy efficiency are 
key  strategies  adopted.  French  firms  are  more  likely  than  EU  firms  to  have  invested  in  waste  minimisation  and 
sustainable transport. 

91

96

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

42

EU

FR

EU

65

63

43

EU

FR

EU

37

FR

31

FR

74

82

52

59

EU

FR

EU

FR

Any action

Investing in new, less
polluting, business areas and
technologies

Investing in energy efficiency

Onsite/offsite renewable
energy generation

Waste minimisation and
recycling

Sustainable transport options

Q. Has your company invested in or implemented the following, to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Climate change and energy efficiency | 11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Climate change and energy efficiency 

Share of firms investing in measures to improve energy efficiency 

Just over 40% of French firms report investing in energy efficiency in 2023, less than the EU average. Construction 
firms and SMEs are the least likely to have invested in energy efficiency. 

2024

2023

e
v
o
r
p
m

i

o
t

s
e
r
u
s
a
e
m
n

i

g
n
i
t
s
e
v
n

i

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

y
c
n
e

i
c
i
f
f
e
y
g
r
e
n
e

50
EU

43
FR

52
Manufacturing

18
Construction

46
Services

40
Infrastructure

29
SME

54
Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. Derived indicator based on the number of firms that reported a percentage above 0% for the amount 
they invested in the last financial year to improve energy efficiency. 

Q. What proportion of the total investment in the last financial year was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency  in your organisation?  
Base: All firms. 

Share of investment in measures to improve energy efficiency  

On average, French firms dedicated 13% of total investment to energy efficiency in 2023, similar to both last year's 
findings and the EU average. 

2024

2023

t
n
e
m

t
s
e
v
n

i

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

12
EU

13
FR

10
Manufacturing

7
Construction

18
Services

15
Infrastructure

11
SME

15
Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. What proportion of the total investment in the last financial year was primarily for measures to improve energy efficiency  in your organisation? 
Base: All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

12 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Climate change and energy efficiency 

Targets for own greenhouse-gas emissions  

Over half (52%) of French firms set and monitor targets for internal greenhouse-gas emissions, similar to both last 
year's EIBIS findings and the EU average. Large firms are much more likely to set and monitor targets than SMEs. 

2024

2023

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

47
EU

52
FR

63
Manufacturing

42
Construction

49
Services

46
Infrastructure

31
SME

69
Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Does your company set and monitor targets for its own greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Energy аudit 

Over half (54%) of French firms have conducted energy audits in the past three years, consistent with both last year's 
findings and the EU average. Larger firms and those in the manufacturing sector are the most likely to have conducted 
an energy audit. 

2024

2023

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

52
EU

54
FR

71
Manufacturing

36
Construction

58
Services

38
Infrastructure

33
SME

72
Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. In the past three years, has your company had an energy audit? By this I mean an assessment of the energy needs and efficiency of your company’s building 
or buildings. 

Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Climate change and energy efficiency | 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Climate change and energy eﬃciency 

Investment plans to deal with climate change impact 
French firms are more likely than firms across the EU to have already invested to tackle climate change impacts, while 
future investment plans are comparable.  Large and manufacturing firms are ahead in investing to tackle climate change 
impacts. 

FR 2023

Services

Large

FR 2022

Infrastructure

EU 2024

FR 2024

SME

Construction

Manufacturing

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

t
s
e
v
n

i

o
t
n
a
P

l

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Have already invested

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Which of the following applies to your company regarding investments to tackle the impacts of weather events and to help reduce carbon emissions?  
(a) Before this year the company had already made such investments; (b) The company is investing this year; (c) The company intends to invest over the next 
three years; (d) The company has no investment planned for the next three years. 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

14 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
Innovation activities 

Innovation activities 

Overall, 30% of French firms report innovation activity in 2023, similar to both last year's findings and the EU average. 
Firms in the manufacturing sector and large firms report more innovation activity. 

No innovation

New to the firm

New to the country/global market

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

68

68

71

51

77

79

81

78

65

23

21

20

35

% of firms

23

12

14

10

12

16

17

17

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. What proportion of total investment in the last financial year was for developing or introducing new products, processes o r services? 
Q. Were the products, processes or services new to the company, new to the country or new to the global market? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Use of advanced digital technologies 

While most French and EU firms use digital technologies, French firms lag behind the EU (60% vs 74%).  Larger firms 
and manufacturing firms show the highest rates of digital adoption in France, while the use of digital technologies is 
lower in construction and among SMEs. 

Single technology

Multiple technologies

EU 2024

27

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

34

29

24

18

39

30

27

31

22

31

24

27

47

45

40

18

19

% of firms

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. To what extent, if at all, are each of the following digital technologies used within your business? Please say if you do  not use the technology within your 
business. 
Reported shares group responses of  firms that “used” the technology, used it “in  parts of business” or had the “entire business organised around it.” Single 
technology refers to firms using one of the technologies surveyed for. Multiple technologies refers to firms using more than one of the technologies surveyed for. 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Innovation activities | 15 

 
 
 
Innovation activities 

Use of advance digital technologies 

There are different adoption rates for digital technologies between French and EU firms. French firms are less likely 
than EU firms to have adopted the internet of things, Big Data/AI, digital platform technologies and drones. 

The technologies asked about differ by sector

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

44

EU

28

FR

34

EU

26

FR

24

EU

20

FR

15

EU

11

FR

53

EU

34

FR

Internet of things
* 1,2,3,4

Big data/AI
* 1,2,4

3D printing
* 1,3,4

Augmented or
virtual reality
* 2,3

Digital platform
technologies
* 2,4

53

55

EU

FR

Automation via
robotics
* 1

26

EU

15

FR

Drones
* 3

Sector: 1 = Asked to manufacturing firms, 2 = Asked to services firms, 3 = Asked to construction firms, 4 = Asked to infrastructure firms 

Q. To what extent, if at all, are each of the following digital technologies used within your business? Please say if you do  not use the technology within your 
business. 
Reported shares group the responses of firms that implemented the technology “in parts of business” or had the “entire business organised around it.” 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

16 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
Investment Barriers 

Obstacles to investment  

While fewer firms now see demand for products or services, availability of skilled staff and transport infrastructure 
as investment barriers compared to last year’s findings, energy costs and uncertainty about the future remain the 
primary investment obstacles. 

EU - major obstacle
EU - minor obstacle
EU 2023

FR - major obstacle
FR - minor obstacle
FR 2023

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

26

23

EU

27

14

FR

Demand for
products or
services

26

51

28

31

33

44

46

45

EU

FR

EU

FR

Availability of
skilled staff

Energy
costs

35

26

EU

38

22

FR

34

32

EU

37

20

FR

29

13

EU

33

6

FR

29

16

EU

29

9

FR

28

17

EU

29

15

FR

Access to
digital
infrastructure

Labour
market
regulations

Business
regulations

Adequate
transport
infrastructure

Availability of
finance

35

34

44

44

EU

FR

Uncertainty
about the
future

Q. Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent is each of the following an obstacle? Is it a major obstacle, a min or obstacle or not an obstacle at 
all? 
Base: All firms (data not shown for not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused responses). 

Obstacles to investment, by sector and firm size  

Firms in the manufacturing and construction sectors are the most likely to perceive the availability of skilled staff as 
an obstacle. 

Demand 
for products 
or services

Availability of 
skilled staff

Energy 
costs

Digital 
infrastructure 

Labour 
regulations

Business 
regulations

Transport 
infrastructure

Availability 
of finance

Uncertainty 
about the future

FR

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

41%

43%

44%

36%

42%

46%

37%

72%

86%

80%

62%

64%

74%

71%

78%

84%

77%

76%

73%

78%

77%

39%

41%

53%

40%

32%

41%

38%

60%

64%

62%

63%

51%

63%

57%

56%

61%

65%

60%

45%

61%

53%

% of firms

37%

38%

43%

39%

33%

41%

35%

44%

46%

54%

44%

36%

51%

38%

78%

86%

78%

70%

76%

84%

73%

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Thinking about your investment activities, to what extent is each of the following an obstacle? Is it a major obstacle, a min or obstacle or not an obstacle at 
all? 
Reported shares combine “minor” and “major” obstacles into one category.  
Base: All firms (data not shown for not an obstacle at all/don’t know/refused responses). 

Investment Barriers | 17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Room for streamlining, and for strengthening the 
single market 

Firms by share of staff employed to meet regulatory requirements 

Most French firms employ staff to deal with regulatory compliance. Indeed, 28% of French SMEs employ more than 
10% of their staff to assess and comply with regulation.   

More than 10%

Less than or equal to 10%

None

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

14

69

17

13

73

14

11

79

10

13

57

30

14

69

17

15

75

10

10

89

17

55

28

EU 2024

FR 2024

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. How many staff does your company employ to assess and comply with mandatory or voluntary regulatory requirements and standards and to fulfil reporting 
requirements related to those? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Main product or service subject to varying requirements and  standards 
across countries 

The survey measures the fragmentation of the EU single market.  A large minority (43%) of French exporters report 
that they have to comply with different standards and consumer protection rules across EU countries. This is lower than 
in the EU (60%). 

s

m

r
i
f

f
o

%

60
EU

43
FR

54

Manufacturing Construction**

38
Services

18
Infrastructure

39
SME

45
Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Does your main product or service have to comply with differentiated regulatory requirements, standards or consumer protec tion rules across EU member 
states? 
Base: All firms that export (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 
** Base size too small to include. 

18 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Access to finance 

Source of investment finance 

Across firms on average, the largest share of investment  was  financed internally in  2023.  Despite progress  in the 
proportion of investment financed internally, French firms still report a lower share of internal finance and a higher 
share of external finance than the EU average. 

External

Internal

Intra-group

e
r
a
h
s
e
c
n
a
n
i
f
e
g
a
r
e
v
A

66

25

13

50

37

11

58

31

15

60

24

12

59

30

51

41

63

29

54

39

13

62

25

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Approximately, what proportion of your investment in the last financial year was financed by each of the following? 
Base: All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Use of external finance 

Overall, 40% of French firms, who invested in 2023, relied on external finance in the last financial year, a decline since 
EIBIS 2023. A higher share of SMEs used external finance relative to larger firms (50% vs. 35%). 

2024

2023

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

42
EU

41
FR

38
Manufacturing

38
Construction

54
Services

35
Infrastructure

50
SME

35
Large

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Approximately, what proportion of your investment in the last financial year was financed from each of the following? 
Base: All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

Access to finance | 19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Access to finance 

Use of bank finance and bank finance on concessional terms 

For French firms using external finance, bank financing was the dominant source. More than 25% of French firms using 
external finance, have bank loans with concessional terms, with the highest proportion among large firms and those in 
the manufacturing and services sectors. 

Bank Finance

Bank Finance on concessional terms

s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

27

27

32

37

15

11

81
EU

82
FR

75
Manufacturing

75
Construction

91
Services

81
Infrastructure

39

87
Large*

15

78
SME

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Which of the following types of external finance did you use for your investment activities in the last financial year? 
Q. Was any of the bank finance you received on concessional terms (e.g., subsidised interest rate, longer grace period to make debt payments)? 
Base: All firms using external finance (excluding don't know/refused responses). 
* Caution: base size is low, it is less than 30 observations. 

Firms with finance from grants or subsidies 

French firms using external finance are less likely than the EU average to utilise grants or subsidies (9% vs 16%).  

r
o
s
t
n
a
r
g
m
o
r
f
e
c
n
a
n
i
f

g
n
i
s
u
s

m

r
i
f

f
o
%

i

s
e
d
i
s
b
u
s

16
EU

9
FR

15
Manufacturing

5
Construction

7
Services

4
Infrastructure

7
SME

10
Large*

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Which of the following types of external finance did you use for your investment activities in the last financial year? 
Base: All firms using external finance (excluding don't know and refused responses). 
* Caution: base size is low, it is less than 30 observations. 

20 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Access to finance 

Dissatisfaction with external finance received 

The highest levels of dissatisfaction are for the cost of finance, both in France and the EU. 

Amount

FR

Amount

EU

Types

4%

1%

4%

4%

Cost

23%

Types

4%

2%

6%

3%

Cost

23%

Collateral

Maturity

Collateral

Maturity

% of firms 

% of firms 

Q. Thinking about all of the external finance you obtained for your investment activities, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with …? 
Base: All firms that used external finance in the last financial year (excluding don’t know and refused responses). 

Dissatisfaction with external finance received, by sector and firm size 

The infrastructure sector reports the highest level of dissatisfaction with cost. 

Amount

Cost

Maturity

Collateral

Type

FR

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large*

4%

6%

2%

1%

5%

4%

3%

23%

18%

14%

18%

41%

21%

25%

4%

0%

0%

0%

13%

1%

6%

% of firms

4%

9%

2%

1%

2%

4%

3%

1%

1%

4%

0%

0%

2%

0%

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q. Thinking about all of the external finance you obtained for your investment activities, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with …? 
Base: All firms that used external finance in the last financial year (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 
* Caution: base size is low, it is less than 30 observations. 

Access to finance | 21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Access to finance 

Share of finance-constrained firms  

The share of finance-constrained firms has increased in France since 2023, mainly driven by a higher share of firms 
that found the finance offered too expensive or received less finance than sought.  

Rejected

Received less

Too expensive

Discouraged

EU 2024

FR 2023

FR 2024

Manufacturing

Construction

Services

Infrastructure

SME

Large

3.4

3.7

3.2

1.3

2.5

4.5

4.3

3.1

3.3

1.7

1.5

0.3

0.6

0.1

0.5

1.4

0.2

2.2

0.8

0.9

3.1

0.5

0.6

3.3

1.5

0.4

1.8

1.1

1.1

5.3

% of finance-constrained firms

0.6

7.2

0.5

Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

5.0

4.9

5.6

4.7

6.2

6.1

6.8

3.5

4.2

4.0

2.1

5.6

4.9

8.1

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Financing cross 

In the last two years, French firms have been using internal finance more often and the share of firms happy to rely 
on internal finance or do not need finance has increased steadily. The share of finance-constrained firms in France has 
risen to reach a peak in last financial year. This increase is driven by concerns about the cost of credit and difficulties in 
obtaining sufficient funding.  

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

i

t
o
n
d
d
/
s
d
n
u
f

l

a
n
r
e
t
n

i

n
o
y
l
e
r
o
t
y
p
p
a
h
s

m

r
i
F

e
c
n
a
n
i
f
e
h
t
d
e
e
n

Construction

Manufacturing

EU 2024

Large

FR 2024

Infrastructure

FR 2023

SME

Services

FR 2022

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

% of firms that are external finance constrained

Please note:  Sector  and  firm  size  show  FR data  only.  Data  derived  from  the  financial  constraint  indicator  and  firms  indicating  that  the  main  reason  for  not 
applying for external finance was “happy to use internal finance/didn’t need finance.” 

Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses). 

22 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gender equality in business 

Firms by share of women in senior roles 

French firms are comparable to EU firms in terms of having a high share of women in senior management (40% or 
more). Within France, the services sector stands out, with the highest share of firms having 40% or more women in 
senior management and 50% or more women owning the company. 

20%

18%

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%

n
e
m
o
w
e
r
a
s
r
e
n
w
o
y
n
a
p
m
o
c
f
o
e
r
o
m

r
o
%
0
5

Services

SME

FR 2024

EU 2024

Large

Manufacturing

Infrastructure

Construction

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

40% or more of your company's senior management are women

Please note: Sector and firm size show FR data only. 

Q.  Which  of  the  following,  if  any,  apply  to  your  company:  50%  or  more  of  your  company’s  owners  are  women;  40%  or  more  of  your  company’s  senio r 
management are women? 
Base: All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses) 

Gender equality in business | 23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EIBIS 2024: Country technical details 

Sampling tolerances applicable to percentages at or near these levels  

The  final  database  is  based  on  a  sample  rather  than  the  entire  population  of  firms  in  the  European  Union,  so  the 
percentage results are subject to sampling tolerances. These vary with the size of the sample and the percentage figure 
concerned.  

U
E

R
F

g
n
i
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
C

s
e
c
i
v
r
e
S

e
r
u
t
c
u
r
t
s
a
r
f
n

I

E
M
S

e
g
r
a
L

R
F
.
s
v
U
E

.
s
v
f
u
n
a
M

r
t
s
n
o
C

.
s
v
E
M
S

e
g
r
a
L

(12 033 

(601) 

(182) 

(122) 

(180) 

(114) 

(521) 

(80) 

(12 030 vs.    
601) 

(122 vs.   
182) 

(521 vs.  
80) 

10% or 90% 

1.1% 

3.3% 

5.5% 

6.6% 

5.9% 

7.3% 

2.3% 

5.7% 

3.5% 

8.6% 

6.1% 

30% or 70% 

1.7% 

5.0% 

8.4% 

10.1% 

9.0% 

11.1% 

3.5% 

8.7% 

5.3% 

13.1% 

9.4% 

50% 

1.9% 

5.5% 

9.2% 

11.0% 

9.8% 

12.2% 

3.8% 

9.5% 

5.8% 

14.3% 

10.2% 

Glossary 

Construction sector 

Based on the NACE classification of economic activities: firms in group F (construction). 

Infrastructure sector 

Based on the NACE classification of economic activities: firms in groups D and E (utilities), group H (transportation and 
storage) and group J (information and communication). 

Investment 

A firm is considered to have invested if it spent more than €500 per employee on investment activities with the intention 
of maintaining or increasing the company’s future earnings.  

Investment cycle 

Based on the expected investment in the current financial year compared to the last one, and the proportion of firms with 
a share of investment greater than €500 per employee. 

Large firms 

Firms with at least 250 employees. 

Manufacturing sector 

Based on the NACE classification of economic activities: firms in group C (manufacturing). 

Services sector 

Based on the NACE classification of economic activities: firms in group G (wholesale and retail trade) and group I 
(accommodation and food services activities). 

SMEs 

Small and medium companies (firms with between five and 249 employees). 

24 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EIBIS 2024: Country technical details 

The country overview presents selected findings based on telephone interviews with 601 firms in France (carried out 
between April and July 2024). 

BASE SIZES (*Charts with more than one base; due to limited space, only the lowest base is shown) 

 Base definition and page reference 
*Chart with multiple bases — due to limited space, only the 
lowest base is shown.  

4
2
0
2
U
E

3
2
0
2
/
4
2
0
2
R
F

g
n
i
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
C

s
e
c
i
v
r
e
S

e
r
u
t
c
u
r
t
s
a
r
f
n

I

s
E
M
S

s

m

r
i
f
e
g
r
a
L

All firms, p. 4 (bottom), p. 7 (top), p. 7 (bottom), p. 12 (top) 

12033 

601/601 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 4 (top) 

11693 

589/586 

178 

121 

178 

109 

513 

76 

All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t 
know/refused responses), p. 5 (top) 

All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t 
know/refused responses), p. 5 (bottom) 

All firms (excluding response “Company didn’t exist three years 
ago”), p. 6 (top) 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses), p. 6 
(bottom) 

10213 

480/491 

154 

91 

141 

91 

407 

73 

10021 

502/510 

157 

97 

151 

94 

427 

75 

12020 

601/600 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

11773 

591/593 

180 

118 

178 

112 

511 

80 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 8 (top) 

11998 

601/599 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

All importers and exporters (excluding /don’t know/refused 
responses),* p. 8 (bottom) 

7343 

289/265 

134 

21 

93 

40 

236 

53 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses) p. 9 (left) 

11961 

596/595 

181 

122 

177 

113 

516 

80 

All firms that import (excluding don’t know/refused responses) 
p. 9 (right) 

6092 

227/461 

108 

16 

78 

24 

183 

44 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 10 (top) 

11940 

598/596 

181 

121 

180 

113 

519 

79 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses) p. 10 
(bottom) 

11938 

601/595 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses), p. 11 (top) 

11498 

555/571 

170 

109 

163 

111 

479 

76 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses), p. 11 
(bottom) 

12005 

601/597 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t 
know/refused responses), p. 12 (bottom) 

10249 

490/501 

154 

98 

142 

93 

420 

70 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 13 (top) 

11832 

591/590 

179 

122 

174 

113 

512 

79 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 13 
(bottom) 

11578 

580/576 

178 

120 

172 

107 

505 

75 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 14 (top) 

11711 

583/580 

180 

117 

174 

109 

505 

78 

EIBIS 2024: Country technical details | 25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 15 (top) 

11781 

594/594 

181 

119 

180 

111 

514 

80 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses), p. 15 
(bottom) 

12010 

601/600 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses), p. 16 

11924 

594/598 

178 

122 

179 

112 

519 

75 

All firms (data not shown for not an obstacle at all/don’t 
know/refused responses), p 17 

12033 

601/601 

182 

122 

180 

114 

521 

80 

All firms (excluding don't know/refused responses) p. 18 (top) 

11539 

572/NA 

173 

119 

167 

110 

505 

67 

All firms that export (excluding don’t know/refused responses) 
p. 18 (bottom) 

All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t 
know/refused responses), p. 19 (top) 

All firms that invested in the last financial year (excluding don’t 
know/refused responses), p. 19 (bottom) 

All firms using external finance (excluding don't know/refused 
responses), p. 20 (top) 

All firms using external finance (excluding don't know and 
refused responses), p. 20 (bottom) 

All firms that used external finance in the last financial year 
(excluding don’t know and refused responses), p. 21  

5308 

190/NA 

112 

4 

40 

33 

154 

36 

10635 

495/503 

155 

97 

146 

94 

421 

74 

10635 

495/503 

155 

97 

146 

94 

421 

74 

4174 

221/38 

65 

45 

66 

45 

195 

26 

4172 

224/247 

66 

49 

65 

44 

197 

27 

4114 

216/237 

66 

46 

61 

43 

189 

27 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 22 (top) 

11627 

575/568 

175 

119 

169 

109 

499 

76 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 22 
(bottom) 

11627 

575/568 

175 

119 

169 

109 

499 

76 

All firms (excluding don’t know/refused responses), p. 23 

11521 

568/NA 

166 

120 

174 

105 

505 

63 

26 | EIBIS 2024 – France overview 

 
 
 
EIB INVESTMENT SURVEY 2024

FRANCE

OVERVIEW

pdf:

ISBN 978-92-861-5813-1

© European Investment Bank, 01/2025