Council conclusions on the revised EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes
Date: 2025-02-18
Institutions: Council of the European Union
Subjects: administrative cooperation, exchange of information, international cooperation, international tax law, tax avoidance, tax evasion, third country








C_202501473EN.000101.fmx.xml












Official Journal of the European Union


EN
C series













C/2025/1473


28.2.2025






Council conclusions
on the revised EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes
(C/2025/1473)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

1.   

UNDERLINES the importance of promoting and strengthening tax good governance standards, including in the area of fair taxation and tax transparency, and of fighting against tax fraud, evasion and avoidance, both at the EU level and globally;



2.   

APPRECIATES the continuous productive cooperation on tax matters between the Code of Conduct Group on Business Taxation (‘Code of Conduct Group’) and most jurisdictions around the world;



3.   

WELCOMES the progress in the relevant jurisdictions through the active steps taken by the agreed deadlines, in particular with regard to complying with the tax transparency criteria of the EU list; WELCOMES the recent promising steps taken by some jurisdictions that have been listed for an extended period of time; and INVITES these jurisdictions to pursue these efforts to engage with the Code of Conduct Group and resolve the remaining issues with a view to future updates of the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes;



4.   

REGRETS that Türkiye has not made any progress with one Member State on the effective automatic exchange of information; REITERATES its call on Türkiye to begin the outstanding automatic information exchange relationships with one Member State and to fully comply with the requirements set in the conclusions of the Ecofin Council of 22 February 2021, 5 October 2021, 24 February 2022, 4 October 2022, 14 February 2023, 17 October 2023, 20 February 2024 and 8 October 2024; REITERATES that the effective automatic exchange of information with all Member States is a condition for Türkiye to fulfil criterion 1.1 of the EU list; INVITES the Group to inform the Council about developments in this regard and to continue addressing the outstanding issues where no progress has been made;



5.   

APPROVES the Code of Conduct Group Report set out in doc. ST 6044/25;



6.   

APPROVES accordingly the revised EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes set out in Annex I;



7.   

ENDORSES the state of play with respect to commitments taken by cooperative jurisdictions to implement tax good governance standards set out in Annex II.






ANNEX I
The EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes
1.   American Samoa

American Samoa does not apply any automatic exchange of financial information, has not signed and ratified, including through the jurisdiction they are dependent on, the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance as amended, and has not committed to addressing these issues.
2.   Anguilla

Anguilla facilitates offshore structures and arrangements aimed at attracting profits without real economic substance by failing to take all necessary actions to ensure the effective implementation of substance requirements under criterion 2.2.
Anguilla has committed to addressing the deficiencies with regard to its framework for exchanging information on request identified by the Global Forum and to requesting an in-depth review from the Global Forum before 24 July 2026.
3.   Fiji

Fiji has not signed and ratified the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance as amended, has harmful preferential tax regimes (Original Income Communication Technology (ICT) Incentive, Exporting Companies), and has not resolved these issues yet.
4.   Guam

Guam does not apply any automatic exchange of financial information, has not signed and ratified, including through the jurisdiction they are dependent on, the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance as amended, and has not committed to addressing these issues.
5.   Palau

Palau has not signed and ratified the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance as amended and has not resolved this issue yet.
6.   Panama

Panama has a harmful foreign source income exemption regime and has not resolved this issue yet.
Panama has committed to addressing the deficiencies with regard to its framework for exchanging information on request identified by the Global Forum and to requesting an in-depth review from the Global Forum before 17 July 2026.
7.   Russian Federation

The Russian Federation has a harmful preferential tax regime (International Holding Companies) and has not resolved this issue.
8.   Samoa

Samoa has a harmful preferential tax regime (Offshore Business) and has not resolved this issue yet.
9.   Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago does not have a determination of at least ‘In place, but needs improvement’ on core requirements 1 and 2 in the Global Forum peer review report on automatic exchange of financial account information. Trinidad and Tobago does not have a rating of at least ‘Largely Compliant’ by the Global Forum for exchange of information on request, does not implement the BEPS minimum standard on country-by-country reporting and has not resolved these issues yet.
10.   US Virgin Islands

US Virgin Islands does not apply any automatic exchange of financial information, has not signed and ratified, including through the jurisdiction they are dependent on, the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance as amended, has harmful preferential tax regimes (Economic Development Programme, Exempt companies, International Banking Center Regulatory Act), and has not committed to addressing these issues.
11.   Vanuatu

Vanuatu facilitates offshore structures and arrangements aimed at attracting profits without real economic substance and has not resolved this issue yet.
Vanuatu is waiting for an in-depth review by the Global Forum in relation to exchange of information on request.





ANNEX II
State of play of the cooperation with the EU with respect to commitments taken by cooperative jurisdictions to implement tax good governance principles
1.   Transparency

1.1   Automatic exchange of information

The following jurisdiction is expected to effectively exchange information with all 27 Member States according to the timeline referred to in paragraph 6 of the Council conclusions of 22 February 2021, paragraph 4 of the Council conclusions of 5 October 2021, paragraph 4 of the Council conclusions of 24 February 2022, paragraph 4 of the Council conclusions of 4 October 2022, paragraph 7 of the Council conclusions of 14 February 2023, paragraph 7 of the Council conclusions of 17 October 2023, paragraph 5 of the Council conclusions of 26 February 2024 and paragraph 5 of the Council conclusions of 8 October 2024:

Türkiye

1.2   Membership of the Global Forum and satisfactory rating in relation to exchange of information on request

The following jurisdictions are waiting for an in-depth review by the Global Forum:

Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, British Virgin Islands and Seychelles

2.   Fair Taxation

2.1   Existence of harmful tax regimes

The following jurisdiction, which committed to amending or abolishing a preferential tax regime in the scope of the Forum on Harmful Tax Practices (FHTP) by 31 December 2023, is awaiting a final assessment by the FHTP:

Eswatini (Special economic zone)

The following jurisdiction committed to amending or abolishing a harmful foreign-source income exemption regime by 31 December 2025:

Brunei Darussalam

3.   Prevention of base erosion and profit shifting

3.1   Implementation of the CbCR minimum standard (BEPS Action 13)

The following jurisdiction committed to implement the CbCR minimum standard and to activate CbCR exchange relationships with all EU Member States. It signed the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on CbCR and is in the process of taking the necessary steps to activate CbCR exchange relationships with all EU Member States:

Viet Nam




ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1473/oj
ISSN 1977-091X (electronic edition)