Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1253 of 11 February 2025 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the functioning of the Union Registry
Date: 2025-02-11
Institutions: Directorate-General for Climate Action, European Commission
Subjects: EU Emissions Trading Scheme, EU emission allowance, air transport, building, greenhouse gas, information system, maritime transport, reduction of gas emissions, road transport, tradeable emission permit




L_202501253EN.000101.fmx.xml












Official Journal of the European Union


EN
L series













2025/1253


26.6.2025







            COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2025/1253
of 11 February 2025
         
amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the functioning of the Union Registry
(Text with EEA relevance)


THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (1), and in particular Article 19(3) thereof, Whereas:







(1)


Directive 2003/87/EC established a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union (‘EU ETS’). Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 (2) supplemented Directive 2003/87/EC as regards the functioning of the Union Registry. Due to the nature of maritime transport activities, in particular bulk commodity shipping, a shipping company might perform activities falling within the scope of the EU ETS, as defined in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, in some reporting periods and outside of it in others. Competent authorities should therefore have the possibility to ask the national administrator to set the maritime operator holding account of a shipping company no longer included in the EU ETS to excluded status, after giving prior notice to the shipping company concerned. This status should remain until the competent authority notifies the national administrator that the shipping company is again included in the EU ETS.












(2)


Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC has been amended by Directive (EU) 2023/959 of the European Parliament and of the Council (3) and provides that installations are not covered by Directive 2003/87/EC where during the preceding relevant five-year period referred to in Article 11(1), second subparagraph, of that Directive, emissions from the combustion of biomass that complies with the criteria set out in Article 14 of that Directive contribute on average to more than 95 % of the total average greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, national administrators need to be able to set these operator accounts to excluded status.












(3)


Article 30f(4) of Directive 2003/87/EC provides that regulated entities are to report historic emissions as from 2025. Article 30f(2) of that Directive provides that regulated entities are to report verified emissions as from 2026. To reduce the administrative burden and considering that it will only be possible for regulated entities to hold emission allowances on regulated entity holding accounts as from the start of auctioning in 2027, national administrators should create a national competent authority account that exclusively serves the purpose of reporting historical emissions in 2025 and verified emissions in 2026 at aggregated level.












(4)


To allow the Commission to calculate the cap for the emission trading system for combustion in the buildings and road transport sectors for the year 2028, detailed emissions for each regulated entity should be reported to the Commission by the national administrator by 30 June 2025 and by 30 June 2026, as applicable, by electronic means and by using the templates or file format specifications published by the Commission in accordance with Table IX-IV of Annex IX to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122.












(5)


Article 13 of Directive 2003/87/EC provides that allowances issued from 1 January 2013 are to be valid indefinitely. Allowances issued before 1 January 2013, for the first and second phase of the EU ETS, are no longer valid and all such allowances held in accounts were invalidated at the end of the respective compliance period. As a result, a negative compliance figure cannot be corrected by a stationary installation and remains indefinitely. In order to avoid negative impacts on operators that have no technical nor legal means to comply with previous EU ETS obligations, that negative figure of the first and second phase of the EU ETS, should not be taken into account in the calculation of the compliance status.












(6)


Past experiences have shown the lack of compliance by some operators with surrendering obligations laid down in Articles 12(3) of Directive 2003/87/EC. In order to avoid distortion of the ETS objectives, and ensure compliance, if, on 1 October of each year, the number of allowances surrendered from a stationary installation holding account or an aircraft operator holding account is lower than its verified emissions in the current period and including the preceding year, the central administrator should ensure that the Union Registry sets the corresponding operator account to a blocked status.












(7)


Article 3c(6) of Directive 2003/87/EC established an additional support mechanism for the use of eligible aviation fuels. The support is provided in the form of allocating allowances to aircraft operators. Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 334/2023 (4) established a system for Iceland to allocate additional free allowances to aircraft operators. To ensure the appropriate accounting of the allowances, the aviation allocation table should be extended accordingly.












(8)


Article 14(6) of Directive 2003/87/EC requires the Commission to publish certain emissions data aggregated per aircraft operator. This data is not relevant for the compliance controlled by the Union Registry, the publication of data aggregated at different levels serves only transparency. The public website of the Union Registry already publishes a set of data per aircraft operator. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the same publicly available website for the publication of emissions data under that Article. For the same reason, the same website should be used for the publication of data on non-CO2 effects of aviation reported under Article 14(5) of that Directive.












(9)


Article 58 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 allows for the account holder or a national administrator acting on behalf of the account holder to request a reversal of transactions performed in error or unintentionally. In order to give more flexibility to the account holder while ensuring the correct functioning of the accounting obligation of the Union Registry, the timeframe to submit such a request for reversal should be extended.












(10)


Rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of national courts have led to operators or sectors being excluded from the scope of Directive 2003/87/EC. To ensure enforceability of such rulings and the restitution of allowances for which the surrenders have been invalidated by such court, the central administrator should restitute surrendered allowances to the operator holding account. In order for the restitution of allowances not to lead to windfall profit for the operator benefiting from the restitution, the number of allowances to be restituted should be determined taking into account the evolution of the value of allowances and the inflation.












(11)


Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 should therefore be amended accordingly.












(12)


The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 42 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council (5) and delivered an opinion on 14 January 2025.












(13)


Directive 2003/87/EC provides that the monitoring and reporting of emissions from trading system for combustion in the buildings and road transport sectors is to start in 2025. To ensure consistency and clarity, the rules for account opening of national competent authority account for the purpose of reporting the emissions for the year 2024 and for the purpose of reporting verified emissions for the year 2025, should apply as of 1 January 2025.












(14)


As of 1 January 2025, general allowances are to be issued also for the aviation sector, by means of free allocation and auctioning. General allowances should therefore be transferred from the EU Auction Account as of 1 January 2025.












(15)


Therefore, this Regulation should enter into force urgently,





HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:



Article 1
Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 is amended as follows:






(1)


Article 9 is amended as follows:






(a)


the following paragraphs 6b and 6c are inserted:

‘6b.   Upon notification from the competent authority that a shipping company is no longer included in the EU ETS in accordance with Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC in a given year, the national administrator shall set the corresponding maritime operator holding account to excluded status, after giving prior notice to the shipping company concerned, and keep the account in that status until notification from the administering authority that a shipping company is again included in the EU ETS.


6c.   Where an installation is not covered by the EU ETS in accordance with point 1 of Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, the national administrator shall set the corresponding operator account to excluded status for the duration of the exclusion.’
;









(b)


paragraph 7 is replaced by the following:

‘7.   No processes may be initiated from excluded accounts, including transfers of allowances, except for the processes specified in Article 22, Article 48(4) and (5), Article 50(6) and (8), and Article 57 and the processes specified in Articles 31 and 56 corresponding to the period where the account status was not set to excluded.’
;













(2)


Article 15b is amended as follows:






(a)


in paragraph 2, the following subparagraph is added:

                                          ‘By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, for the requests submitted from 1 June 2026 until 31 December 2027, the deadline for the national administrator to open a regulated entity holding accounts shall be 40 working days from the receipt of a complete set of information in accordance with paragraph 1.’;










(b)


paragraph 4 is deleted;










(c)


the following paragraphs 7, 8 and 9 are added:

‘7.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article, from 1 June 2026 to 15 September 2026 regulated entities falling within the scope of Chapter IVa of Directive 2003/87/EC shall request to open a regulated entity holding account in the Union Registry in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article.


8.   By way of derogation from paragraph 2 of this Article, the national administrator shall open a national competent authority account for the purpose of reporting the historical emissions for the year 2024 in accordance with Article 30f(4) of Directive 2003/87/EC and for the purpose of reporting verified emissions for the year 2025 in accordance with Article 30f(2) of that Directive. Aggregated emissions at the national level shall be reported by the national administrator in the Union Registry via the national competent authority account by 30 June 2025 and by 30 June 2026, as applicable. Detailed emissions for each regulated entity shall be reported to the Commission by 30 June 2025 and by 30 June 2026, as applicable, by the national administrator by other electronic means than via the Union Registry and by using the templates or file format specifications published by the Commission in accordance with Table IX-IV of Annex IX to this Regulation.


9.   National competent authority accounts shall not hold allowances.’
;













(3)


in Article 20, the following paragraph 10 is added:

‘10.   For national competent authority accounts opened in accordance with Article 15b(8), the requirement to have authorised representatives in accordance with this Article shall not apply. For such accounts at least one contact person shall be nominated.’
;









(4)


in Article 22, paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:

‘1.   All account holders shall notify the national administrator within 10 working days of changes to the account information. In addition, holders of stationary installation holding accounts, aircraft operator holding accounts and maritime operator holding accounts, shall confirm to the national administrator by 30 June each year that their account information remains complete, up-to-date, accurate and true, whereas holders of regulated entity holding accounts shall give that information by 31 March each year.’
;









(5)


the following Article 26c is inserted:

‘Article 26c
Closure of national competent authority accounts
The national administrator may close a national competent authority account if the emissions reported under Article 15b(8) have been registered.’
;









(6)


the following Article 32a is inserted:

‘Article 32a
Blocking of accounts due to a failure to surrender allowances

1.   If, on 1 October of each year, the number of allowances surrendered for the current period pursuant to Article 56 from a stationary installation holding account or an aircraft operator holding account receiving free allocation of allowances, is lower than its verified emissions in the current period and including the preceding year, plus a correction factor, the central administrator shall ensure that the Union Registry sets the corresponding operator account to a blocked status.


2.   When all overdue allowances have been surrendered from an operator account pursuant to Article 56, the central administrator shall ensure that the Union Registry sets the corresponding operator account to open status.’

;









(7)


in Article 33, the following paragraph 1d is inserted:

‘1d.   When the negative compliance status figure results only from the first or second EU ETS phase and where it cannot be corrected in future phases by an operator of a stationary installation, that negative figure shall not be taken into account in the calculation of the compliance status figure in accordance with paragraph 1.’
;









(8)


Article 40 is replaced by the following:

‘Article 40
Transfer of aviation allowances to be auctioned

1.   The central administrator shall, in a timely manner, transfer on behalf of the relevant auctioning Member State as represented by its auctioneer appointed in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2830 (*1) general allowances for aviation from the EU Aviation Total Quantity Account to the EU Auction Account in a quantity corresponding to the annual volumes determined pursuant to that Regulation.


2.   In case of adjustments of the annual volumes of allowances in accordance with Article 14 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2830, the central administrator shall transfer a corresponding quantity of general allowances from the EU Aviation Total Quantity Account to the EU Auction Account or from the EU Auction Account to the EU Aviation Total Quantity Account, as the case may be.



(*1)  Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2830 of 17 October 2023 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council by laying down rules on the timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances (OJ L, 2023/2830, 20.12.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2023/2830/oj).’;"
                        










(9)


in Article 48, paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:

‘2.   The central administrator shall ensure that the Union Registry transfers general allowances automatically from the EU Allocation Account in accordance with the relevant national allocation table to the relevant open or blocked operator holding account, having regard to the modalities of the automatic transfer specified in the data exchange and technical specifications provided for in Article 75.’
;









(10)


in Article 49, the following paragraph 1a is inserted:

‘1a.   Changes to the national aviation allocation tables done in accordance with Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 334/2023 (*2) shall be notified to the Commission by the Member State allocating the allowances.


(*2)  Decision of the EEA joint Committee No 334/2023 of 8 December 2023 amending Annex XX (Environment) to the EEA Agreement [2024/1419] (OJ L, 2024/1419, 13.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2024/1419/oj).’;"
                        










(11)


in Article 50, paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:

‘2.   The central administrator shall ensure that the Union Registry transfers aviation allowance, and from 1 January 2025 general allowances, automatically from the EU Aviation Allocation Account to the relevant open or blocked aircraft operator holding account in accordance with the relevant allocation table, having regard to the modalities of the automatic transfer specified in the data exchange and technical specifications provided for in Article 75.’
;









(12)


in Article 54(1), point (c) is replaced by the following:






‘(c)


from 1 January 2025, general allowances for aviation from the EU Auction Account;’;














(13)


Article 58 is amended as follows:






(a)


in paragraph 1, the second sentence is replaced by the following:

                                          ‘The request shall be duly signed by the authorised representative or representatives of the account holder that are authorised to initiate the type of transaction to be reversed and shall be posted within thirty working days of the finalisation of the process.’;










(b)


in paragraph 6, point (a) is replaced by the following:






‘(a)


a transaction surrendering or deleting allowances to be reversed was not completed more than 40 working days prior to the account administrator’s proposal in accordance with paragraph 3;’;


















(14)


the following Article 58a is inserted before Chapter 3:

‘Article 58a
Restitution of allowances

1.   The central administrator shall restitute surrendered allowances to the operator holding account to give effect to a Member State’s decision and ruling in accordance with Article 27 or Article 27a of Directive 2003/87/EC, or a ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union, finding that the activities carried out by the operator are out of the scope of that Directive.


2.   The number of allowances to be restituted shall be determined by applying the following formula and shall be rounded to the nearest integer:





Where:
The average value of allowances in the year of the surrender is determined based on the average auction clearing price for that year on the common auction platform pursuant to Article 26(1) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2830 (*3).
The average value of allowances in the year of the restitution is determined based on the average auction clearing price for that year on the common auction platform pursuant to Article 26(1) of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2830.
The inflation is determined based on the consumer index price based on the European Union’s harmonised Index of Consumer Price.


3.   The same type of allowances that were initially surrendered shall be restituted from the Union deletion account to the operator holding account.



(*3)  Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2830 of 17 October 2023 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council by laying down rules on the timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances (OJ L, 2023/2830, 20.12.2023, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2023/2830/oj).’;"
                        










(15)


Annex I is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Regulation;










(16)


Annex VII is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Regulation;










(17)


Annex IX is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Regulation;










(18)


Annex XI is replaced by the text in Annex IV to this Regulation;










(19)


Annex XIII is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Regulation.






Article 2
This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 1, points (2), (3), (5), (8) and (12), and Annex I, Annex III and Annex V, point (1), shall apply from 1 January 2025.




This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 11 February 2025.


For the Commission


The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN
            





(1)  
            OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2003/87/oj.

(2)  Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 of 12 March 2019 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the functioning of the Union Registry (OJ L 177, 2.7.2019, p. 3, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2019/1122/oj).

(3)  Directive (EU) 2023/959 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and Decision (EU) 2015/1814 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading system (OJ L 130, 16.5.2023, p. 134, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/959/oj).

(4)  Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 334/2023 of 8 December 2023 amending Annex XX (Environment) to the EEA Agreement [2024/1419] (OJ L, 2024/1419, 13.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2024/1419/oj).

(5)  Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and Decision No 1247/2002/EC (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 39, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1725/oj).




ANNEX I
In Annex I to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122, Table I-I, Part I ‘
         ETS management accounts in the Union Registry’, the following entry is added:













‘Account type name


Account holder


Account Administrator


No of accounts of this type


Allowances


Units from ETS linked under Article 25 of Directive 2003/87/EC


Allowances covered by Chapter IVa of Directive 2003/87/EC




General allowances


Aviation allowances




 




National Competent Authority Account


Member State


Central Administrator


One for each Member State


No


No


No


No’










ANNEX II
In Annex VII to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122, the following table is added:

‘Table VII-II: Details of the aircraft operator contact person












 


A


B


C


D


E


F




Item No


Account detail item


Mandatory or Optional?


Type


Can be updated?


Update requires the approval of the administrator?


Displayed on the public website?




1


Contact person within Member State first name


O


Free


Yes


No


No




2


Contact person within Member State last name


O


Free


Yes


No


No




3


Contact person Business address – country


O


Preset


Yes


No


No




4


Contact person Business address – region or state


O


Free


Yes


No


No




5


Contact person Business address – city


O


Free


Yes


No


No




6


Contact person Business address – postcode


O


Free


Yes


No


No




7


Contact person Business address – line 1


O


Free


Yes


No


No




8


Contact person Business address – line 2


O


Free


Yes


No


No




9


Contact person Business telephone 1


O


Free


Yes


No


No




10


Contact person Business telephone 2


O


Free


Yes


No


No




11


Contact person Business email address


O


Free


Yes


No


No’










ANNEX III
In Annex IX to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 , the following table is added:






‘4.



Emissions data for regulated entities in the years 2025 and 2026 shall contain the information set out in Table IX-IV, having regard to the electronic format for submitting emissions data described in the data exchange and technical specifications provided for in Article 75.


Table IX-IV: Emissions data for regulated entities in the years 2025 and 2026








 


 


 




1


Regulated entity name:


 




2


Emission trading permit number


 




3


Reporting year


 






Greenhouse Gas Emissions






 




in tons of CO2

’




4


Total domestic emissions
(Relates to all fuels released for consumption in the territory of a Member State)


 













ANNEX IV



‘ANNEX XI
National aviation allocation table














Row No


 


Quantity of general allowances allocated free of charge


 




Pursuant to Article 3e and 3d(1) of Directive 2003/87/EC


Pursuant to Article 3f of Directive 2003/87/EC


Pursuant to Article 3c(6) of Directive 2003/87/EC


Pursuant to Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 334/2023


In Total


 




1


Country code of Member State


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




2


 


Aircraft operator ID


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




3


 


Quantity to be allocated


 


 


 


 


 


 




4


 


 


in year
X


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




5


 


 


in year
X+1


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




6


 


 


in year
X+2


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




7


 


 


in year
X+3


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




8


 


 


in year
X+4


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




9


 


 


in year
X+5


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




10


 


 


in year
X+6


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




11


 


 


in year
X+7


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




12


 


 


in year
X+8


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input




13


 


 


in year
X+9


 


 


 


 


 


Manual input






            ’
         





ANNEX V
Annex XIII to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 is amended as follows:






(1)


in Part I, point 1, first subparagraph, the following point (i) is added:






‘(i)


aggregated emissions reported in accordance with Article 15b(8) by the national administrator;’;














(2)


the following Part III is added:






‘III.




Data not stemming from the Union Registry, published for information purposes







Information available to the public









9.


After acquiring data reported pursuant to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 (*1) and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 (*2), or calculated pursuant to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1879 (*3), the Union Registry shall display on the public website the following information for each aircraft operator holding account:






(a)


emissions data per aircraft operator that is to be made publicly available in accordance with Article 14(6) of Directive 2003/87/EC;










(b)


non-CO2 aviation effects reported in accordance with Article 14(5) of Directive 2003/87/EC.









(*1)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 of 19 December 2018 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and amending Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 (OJ L 334, 31.12.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2018/2066/oj)."
                        

(*2)  Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 of 18 July 2019 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards measures adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation for the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions for the purpose of implementing a global market-based measure (OJ L 250, 30.9.2019, p. 10, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2019/1603/oj)."
                        

(*3)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1879 of 9 July 2024 laying down rules for the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the calculation of offsetting requirements for the purpose of CORSIA (OJ L, 2024/1879, 10.7.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1879/oj).’."
                        






(*1)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 of 19 December 2018 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and amending Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 (OJ L 334, 31.12.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2018/2066/oj).

(*2)  Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 of 18 July 2019 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards measures adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation for the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions for the purpose of implementing a global market-based measure (OJ L 250, 30.9.2019, p. 10, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2019/1603/oj).

(*3)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1879 of 9 July 2024 laying down rules for the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the calculation of offsetting requirements for the purpose of CORSIA (OJ L, 2024/1879, 10.7.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1879/oj).’.’



ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2025/1253/oj
ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)