REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the effectiveness of the implementation of the single European emergency number '112'
Date: 2024-12-18
Institutions: Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, European Commission
Subjects: data collection, emergency aid, mobile communication, mobile phone

EN 

  EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 18.12.2024  COM(2024) 575 final  REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the effectiveness of the implementation of the single European emergency number '112'   
 
 
1. 

INTRODUCTION 

This  report  reviews  the  effectiveness  of  the  implementation  of  the  single  European 
emergency  number  ‘112’  in  line  with  Article  109(4)  of  the  European  Electronic 
Communications Code1 (EECC). The report is based on the responses of Member States and 
Norway, to the questionnaire2  submitted to  the Communications Committee (COCOM)3  on 
the  implementation  of  emergency  communications  and  the  European  emergency  number 
‘112’ and the reports submitted by Member States under Articles 7(1) and 8 of the Delegated 
Regulation  2023/444.  This  data-gathering  was the  sixteenth such exercise conducted by the 
Commission services since 2007. 

Under Article 109(4) EECC the Commission is required to submit by 21 December 2020, and 
every  two  years  thereafter,  a  report  to  the  European  Parliament  and  to  the  Council  on  the 
effectiveness  of  the  implementation  of  the  single  European  emergency  number  ‘112’.  The 
second such report was published on 16 December 20224. 

The data gathering for the current report relied on specific questions that serve to assess the 
level of implementation of EU law requirements and the improvement of the national Public 
Safety Answering Point (PSAP) systems. The reporting period for the quantitative data5 (e.g. 
number  of  emergency  calls  to  ‘112’)  is  1  January  2023  to  31  December  2023.  When 
assessing  the  availability  of  a  system  (e.g.  deployment  of  a  caller  location  solution, 
application, etc.) the latest information available is reflected in this report. Member States and 
COCOM  observers  from  Candidate  and  EEA  Countries  were  invited  on  4  April  2024  to 
submit their responses by 7 June 2024. 

Member States were called on to develop their measuring tools for monitoring a number of 
indicators  in  order  to  provide  accurate  data  on  the  functioning  of  their  emergency 
communications  systems.  Throughout  the  report,  where  Member  States  are  not  mentioned 
with  regard  to  a  qualitative  or  quantitative  assessment,  it  means  that  relevant  data  was  not 
provided to the Commission services. 

2.  CALLS TO ‘112’ 

In  2023  calls  to  the  single  European  emergency  number  ‘112’  increased  by  15%  to  176 
million compared to 2021. Meanwhile, the total number of emergency calls, including to the 
national  emergency  numbers,  where  these  are  still  in  use,  increased  by  6%  to  285  million. 
Calls to ‘112’ represented 62% of all emergency calls in 2023. 

1 Directive (EU) 2018/1972 of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 establishing 

the European Electronic Communications Code (OJ L 321, 17.12.2018, p. 36). 

2 COCOM24-01 
3 Communications Committee established on the basis of Article 118 EECC. 
4 https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2022-report-implementation-112-eu-emergency-number 
5  The  quantitative  data  is  gathered  every  second  year,  and  concerns  only  the  year  immediately  preceding  the 

report, in order to ease the administrative burden on reporting authorities. 

1 

 
 
 
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IE LU MT SI SK LV EE AT DK HR LT CZ BE FI SE BG EL NL HU PT RO FR DE PL ES IT

Figure 1. Number of calls to ‘112’ 

‘112’ is the single emergency number in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Malta, the Netherlands, 
Portugal, Romania and Sweden. However, only 19% of calls to ‘112’ in the EU are placed in 
these  countries.  The  large  majority  of  calls  to  ‘112’  are  placed  in  Member  States  where 
national  numbers  are  still  in  use.  In  these  Member  States,  the  use  of  the  single  European 
emergency number varies largely, from 5% in Ireland to 97% in Bulgaria. 

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F R A T S K C Z E L

S I

L V B E L U E S D E H R I T

P L B G S E D K E E

F I H U L T M T N L P T R O

Figure 2. Percentage of calls to ‘112’ 

Calls to ‘112’ from mobile phones largely outweighed the number of calls from fixed phones. 
On average, 82% of the calls in 2023 were placed from mobile phones. However, the use of 
mobile  phones  for  emergency  communication  purposes  varies  across  Member  States,  from 
65% in Germany and 77% in Italy to 98% in Czech Republic and 99% in Latvia. 

The  ratio  of  false  calls6  to  the  total  number  of  emergency  calls  still  varies  considerably 
among  the  Member  States7,  reaching  72%  in  Portugal.  Some  Member  States  do  not  allow 
calls  from  SIM-less  phones  in  order  to  decrease  the  risk  of  false  calls  that  may  potentially 
burden  the  PSAP  system.  However,  access  to  emergency  services  from  SIM-less  phones  is 
mandated in the majority of Member States (19)8. 

6 False calls are calls that are not followed up with intervention or assistance from the PSAP or the emergency 
services. Calls that report an emergency event that have already triggered intervention or assistance from the 
part of the PSAP, therefore not triggering separate intervention or assistance will not be considered false calls. 

7 20 Member States provided information on false calls. 
8 AT, CY, CZ, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SE. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100

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60

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0

SI

DE

SK

BE

FI

HR

ES NL

SE

LT

PL

IT

BG EL

EE HU RO MT DK

PT

Figure 3. False calls to emergency numbers (%) 

17 Member States mandated SMS-based emergency communications for all end-users9. In 13 
Member  States10  the  emergency  SMS  is  sent  to  ‘112’.  The  number  of  emergency 
communications  through  SMS  varies  significantly  depending  on  the  level  of  promotion  of 
this type of emergency communication, from a few to tens of thousands. 14 Member States11 
confirm that the provision of emergency SMS is ensured free of charge. 

In  addition  to  the  possibility  to  access  emergency  services  by  calling  ‘112’,  19  Member 
States12 deployed national or regional applications available to all end-users13, which enable 
emergency communications. These means of access, depending on their design, enable end-
users  to  share  additional  information  with  the  PSAP,  provide  handset-derived  location 
information or ensure a text-based communication with the PSAP. Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, 
Germany,  Poland  and  Sweden  confirmed  that  the  data  traffic  generated  by  the  emergency 
application is provided under zero-tariff. 

eCalls  are routed to  the  eCall  PSAP  in  case of an accident.  A total  of  658,392 eCalls were 
reported by 27 Member States in 2023, 56% more than in 2021, when 421,000 eCalls were 
reported. 

180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

MT EE CY LV LT BG LU FI

SI HU SK HR SE DK IE CZ EL AT PT RO BE PL NL ES DE IT FR

Figure 4. Number of eCalls placed in the EU 

9  SMS  communication  is  deployed  in  some  Member  States  exclusively  for  end-users  with  disabilities,  as 

indicated in section 8. 

10 CY, EE, EL, FI, HR, HU, IE, LT, LU, LV, NL, SI, SK. 
11 AT, BE, CY, EE, EL, HR, HU, IE, LT, LU, LV, NL, SI, SK. 
12 AT (regional), BE, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, HU, IT, LT, LU, LV, NL, MT, PL, RO, SE, SK. 
13  Application-based  communication  is  deployed  is  some  Member  States  exclusively  for  end-users  with 

disabilities, as indicated in section 8. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
3.  ANSWERING TIME14 

22 Member States reported 10 seconds or less for the average answering time needed to get in 
contact with the emergency services. 

20

15

10

5

0

IE SI FI MT HU CZ LT RO BG ES SK EE HR DK LU LV PT DE EL AT PL CY SE NL IT FR BE SE BE

Figure 5. Average answer times to emergency calls (seconds) 

4.  CALL ABANDON RATE 

27 respondents reported15 on the calls that are presented to the PSAP switches but terminate 
prior to an answer by a human operator. Call abandons may be caused by network problems, 
call  congestion,  technical  faults,  handling  capacity,  caller  disconnect  (possibly  dialling  by 
mistake), etc. While involuntary calls and caller disconnect are not under the control of the 
PSAP  system  operators,  the  lack  of  handling  capacity  is  pointing  towards  the  failure  to 
adequately answer and handle calls to ‘112’ in the national PSAP system. 

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RO FI FR LT IE ES SE BE HU DE SK NO DK BG LU LV EE MT IT PT SI HR PL NL CZ EL CY

Figure 6. Percentage of abandoned calls to emergency numbers 

5.  AVAILABILITY OF CALLER LOCATION 

Article  109  EECC  makes  mandatory  the  availability  of  both,  network-based  and  the  more 
accurate handset-derived16 location information, to the most appropriate PSAP. 

In  most  of  the  reporting  Member  States17,  the  lack  of  availability  of  network-based  caller 
location  information  occurs  in  less  than  3%  of  the  calls.  Higher  rates  of  failure  to  provide 

14The time between the moment the emergency call is presented to the 1st level PSAP switch and the moment 

the call is being answered by a PSAP human operator. 

15Austria did not report this data 
16While  the  accuracy  of  network-based  location  may  vary  from  50  m  to  40,000  m,  handset-derived  location 

provides a much more accurate location up to 5 m. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
caller location were reported for the Hungary (4%), Ireland (5%), Estonia (6%), France (7%), 
Spain (11%), Denmark (15%), Latvia (21%). 

15  Member  States,  in  particular  where  the  Advanced  Mobile  Location  (AML)  solution18  is 
deployed, reported on the rate of availability of handset-derived caller location. Even where 
the national PSAP system is upgraded to receive AML, still a significant number of calls do 
not benefit from this very accurate location (up to 60% of calls). In addition to locating the 
end-user that places a call to ‘112’, Member States could also enable AML for the SMS type 
of emergency communications. 

Roaming end-users, visiting other Member States, might potentially be in a more vulnerable 
situation in  case of emergency as they may not  be able to  describe their location precisely. 
While AML is  deployed in  25  Member States,  Iceland and  Norway, only  8  Member States 
confirmed that handset-derived location is available for roaming end-users19. 

6.  CALLER LOCATION ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY 

Article 109(6) EECC requires Member States to lay down accuracy and reliability criteria for 
the caller location information. Delegated Regulation 2023/44420 sets out the parameters that 
that need to be taken into account by competent authorities when laying down the criteria for 
the  accuracy  and  reliability  of  caller  location  information.  These  criteria  should  ensure, 
within the limits of technical feasibility, that the end-user’s position is located as reliably and 
accurately as is necessary to enable the emergency services to usefully come to the end-user’s 
assistance.21 

Article 8 of the Delegated Regulation obliges Member States to report on the adoption of the 
criteria  and  to  explain  how  they  have  taken  into  account  the  parameters  established  in  the 
Delegated Regulation no later than by 5 March 2024. 

Under Article 8(1)(a) of the Delegated Regulation,  17 Member States22 reported  criteria on 
caller  location  accuracy  and  reliability.  Of  these  Member  States,  all  report  that  for  fixed 
networks  caller  location  is  provided  in  terms  of  the  physical  address  of  the  network 
termination  point,  the  reliability  of  which  varies  from  60-100%.  For  mobile  networks,  8 
Member  States23  report  an  accuracy  of  50  m  for  80%  of  mobile  communication.  Other 
Member States report accuracy criteria up to 100 m and reliability between 55-80%, except 
for the Netherlands, which reported 5000 m as criterion. An overview of the criteria for the 
accuracy  and  reliability  of  caller  location  information  reported  by  Member  States  can  be 
found at Annex I.  

1715 Member States have provided relevant data: BG, CY, CZ, DK, EE, ES, FR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, MT, 

NL, PT, RO and SE. 

18https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/112-112-day-locating-emergency-calls-aml-technology-rise 
19 BE, DK, EE, EL, FI, PT, RO, SE 
20Commission  Delegated  Regulation  (EU)  2023/444  of  16 December  2022  supplementing  Directive 
(EU) 2018/1972  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  with measures  to  ensure  effective  access  to 
emergency services through emergency communications to the single European emergency number ‘112’ 

21 Case C 417/18; Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 5 September 2019, AW and Others v Lietuvos 

valstybė. 

22 BE, BG, CZ, DE, DK, EE, FI, HR, IE, IT, LT, LV, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE 
23 BG, DK, FI, HR, IE, IT, LT, SE 

5 

 
 
 
The Advanced Mobile Location (AML) solution that derives the caller location solution from 
the handset is implemented on the territory of 25 Member States24 and Norway. 

7.  AVERAGE  TIME  NEEDED  FOR  RECEIVING  THE  CALLER  LOCATION  BY  THE  112 

OPERATOR  

Due to the implementation of the "push" system or the automatic "pull" system all Member 
States  reported  near  instant  times  (up  to  10  seconds)  for  the  provision  on  network-based 
caller location. 

Due  to  its  inherent  architecture,  handset-derived  location  technologies  rely  on  the  speed  of 
the handsets to derive relevant location parameters from GNSS or Wi-Fi signals. On the basis 
of the reports from 22 Member States, it was confirmed that the provision of handset-derived 
location could range from near instant to up to 28 seconds. 

8.  ACCESS TO EMERGENCY SERVICES WHILE ROAMING IN THE EU 

All  Member  States  and  Norway  reported  the  availability  of  access  to  ‘112’  and  network-
based caller location information in case of roaming calls. 

16  Member  States25  provided  information  on  the  number  of  calls  placed  by  roaming  end-
users to ‘112’. These Member States account for over half of emergency calls to ‘112’. On 
the basis of such data, it may be extrapolated that 2.7 million emergency calls were placed by 
roaming end-users to ‘112’ in the EU, which represents 1,56% of all calls to ‘112’. 

9.  ACCESS TO EMERGENCY SERVICES FOR END-USERS WITH DISABILITIES 

Pursuant  to  Article  109(5)  EECC, Member States  are obliged  to  ensure that  end-users with 
disabilities  benefit  from  access  to  emergency  services  equivalent  to  that  enjoyed  by  other 
end-users.  Article  4  of  the  Delegated  Regulation  sets  out  the  functional  equivalence 
requirements.  The  implemented  accessibility  solutions  should  replicate  (be  equivalent  to) 
two-way voice communication ensured in  the case of a call to  ‘112’, including  in  roaming. 
By virtue of equivalence, Member States should also ensure that caller location is available to 
the most appropriate PSAP to enable emergency services to intervene effectively.  

To comply with this obligation, Member States have deployed a broad range of accessibility 
solutions  dedicated 
total 
conversation26,  SMS,  emergency  applications,  web  services,  relay  services  and  access  from 
special devices. 

to  end-users  with  disabilities, 

including  real 

time 

text, 

The  technology  that  is  most  deployed  is  SMS,  which  ensures  a  two-way,  text-based 
interaction  between  the  person  alerting  the  emergency  services  and  the  PSAP.  SMS  is 
available for end-users with disabilities in 23 Member States27 and Norway. 

24AT, BE, BG, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK 
25BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, HR, HU, IE, IT MT, PT, RO, SE, SI. 
26As  defined  in  Article  2  EECC:  (35)  ‘total  conversation  service’  means  a  multimedia  real  time  conversation 
service  that  provides  bidirectional  symmetric  real  time  transfer  of  motion  video,  real  time  text  and  voice 
between users in two or more locations. 

27AT, BE, CY, CZ, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, HU, IE, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK. 

6 

 
 
 
Emergency applications are deployed in 17 Member States28 and Norway. Depending on the 
design,  they  may  rely  on  initiating  emergency  calls  or  SMS  communications  but  may  also 
serve  as  a  platform  to  provide  real  time  text  and  total  conversation  communications.  In 
addition, applications may provide accurate handset-derived location based on GNSS/Wi-Fi 
positioning data (5-100m). 

Relay  services  for  end-users  with  disabilities  may  also  relay  a  communication  to  access 
emergency services. However, user location is not always available for this means of access 
in Member States. 

The  European  Accessibility  Act29  (EAA)  requires  that,  in  addition  to  voice,  emergency 
communications  is  available by real  time text or, where video is  available, synchronised  as 
total conversation30. Member States reported under Article 7(1) of the Delegated Regulation 
2023/444 the expected deployment of real time text emergency communications as presented 
in Annex III. 

An  overview  of  the  alternative  means  of  access  for  end-users  with  disabilities  currently 
deployed in the EU is presented in the Annex II. 

10.  PSAP UPGRADES IN MEMBER STATES 

It  is  acknowledged in  the Delegated Regulation 2023/44431 that the migration  from  circuit-
switched  to  packet-switched  technologies  in  electronic  communication  networks  would 
trigger  the  deployment  of  new  means  of  emergency  communications.  Packet-switched 
technologies provide for versatile emergency communications adapting to the needs of end-
users  and  emergency  services  alike.  Voice  services  will  run  through  IP  Multimedia 
Subsystem  (IMS)-based  fixed  and  mobile  managed  VoIP  technologies  such  as  Voice  over 
Long Term Evolution (VoLTE), Voice over New Radio (VoNR in 5G) and Voice over Wi-Fi 
(VoWiFi).  Meanwhile,  this  migration  would  enable  text  and  video-based  services  like  real 
time text and total conversation, as mandated by the EAA. Key contextual information, like 
caller location or the minimum set of data for eCall, could be complemented under the new 
technology  with  other  life  saving  information  available  on  the  device,  through  various 
sensors, or in the network. 

The  potential  of  the  digital  technologies  could  be  fully  realised  only  if  both  the  electronic 
communication services and the national PSAP systems are able to leverage the technological 
developments. 

EU  legislation  already  mandates  the  upgrade  of  the  national  PSAP  systems  to  be  able  to 
handle  specific  emergency  communications  running  on  packet-switched  technology.  Under 
the EAA the national  PSAP  systems  will have to  support and handle  real  time text or total 
conversation  by  28  June  2025,  or  by  derogation,  by  28  June  202732.  These  emergency 
communication services may be only deployed on packet-switched technology. 

28AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, ES, FR, HU, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT. 
29 Directive (EU) 2019/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the accessibility 

requirements for products and services 

30 EAA Article 4(1) and Annex I, Section IV, point (a) 
31 Recital 2 of Delegated Regulation 2023/444 
32 EAA Article 4(8) and Annex I, Section V 

7 

 
 
 
The legal deadline for upgrading the national PSAP systems to be able to handle IMS-based 
eCall  is  provided  in  the  Commission  Delegated  Regulation  2024/1084.33  Accordingly,  the 
national PSAP infrastructures will have to be upgraded by 1 January 2026. 

Under Article 7 of the Delegated Regulation 2023/444, by 5 November 2023, Member States 
had to report to the Commission a roadmap for upgrading the national PSAP system in order 
to  receive,  answer  and  process  emergency  communications  through  packet-switched 
technologies.  23  Member  States34  and  Norway  provided  the  relevant  information.  In  some 
Member States, the migration to packet-switched technologies has already taken place. From 
the  data  reported,  emergency  communications  through  packet-switched  should  be  enabled 
across Member States by 2027 at the latest. Member States also reported on when PSAPs will 
be capable of handling real time text. While this means of access is already available in some 
Member  States,  by  the  end  of  2027  at  the  latest  all  PSAPs  in  the  EU  should  be  capable  of 
handling  real  time  text.  Further  details  on  Member  State’s  roadmaps  for  upgrading  the 
national PSAP systems can be found at Annex III. 

11.  CONCLUSIONS 

The main findings of this report are the following: 

•  The  share  of  emergency  calls  to  the  single  European  emergency  number  ‘112’ 
increased significantly compared to 2021 and represented 62% of all emergency calls: 
out of a total of 285 million emergency calls placed in the EU, 176 million were ‘112’ 
calls.  It  is  estimated  that  2.7  million  emergency  calls  were  placed  by  roaming  end-
users to the single European emergency number 112, representing 1,56% of all calls 
to 112. 

•  The  implementation  of  handset-derived  caller  location  continued  to  improve  in  the 
EU. As of September 2024, 25 Member States, Iceland and Norway ensure that their 
PSAP  system  is  AML  enabled.  However,  only  8  Member  States  confirmed  that 
handset-derived location is available for roaming end-users. 

•  End-users with disabilities do not yet benefit from fully equivalent means of access to 
emergency services, especially when roaming. When these end-users are not able to 
place a call to ‘112’, they have to rely on nationally fragmented solutions. However, 
this  situation  is  expected  to  change  as  Member  States  are  preparing  their  PSAP 
systems  to  handle  and  electronic  communication  service  providers  are  preparing  to 
deploy interoperable real time text by June 2025 in line with the requirements of the 
European Accessibility Act 

•  National  PSAP  systems  are  being  upgraded  to  packet-switched  technology.  This  is 
mandated  by  EU  legislation  for  real  time  text  communications  and  eCall,  with 
implementation  deadlines  in  2025,  2026  and  2027.  It  is  expected  that  PSAP 
infrastructures  are  becoming  more  versatile  and  redundant,  accommodating  various 
types of emergency communications. 

33 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1084 of 6 February 2024 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 
No 305/2013 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard 
to the harmonised provision for an interoperable EU-wide eCall 

34 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, HR, IE, IT, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK 

8 

 
 
 
 
ANNEX  I  –  ARTICLE  8(1)(A)  CRITERIA  FOR  THE  ACCURACY  AND  RELIABILITY  OF  CALLER 
LOCATION INFORMATION 

Mobile Network 

Fixed network 

Accuracy 
criterion 
(metres) 

N/A 
N/A 
50 m 
N/A 
100 m 
N/A 
50 m 
50 m 
N/A 
N/A 
50 m 
N/A 
50 m 
N/A 
50 m 
50 m 
GSM: 750m 
UMTS: 550m 
LTE: 350m 
5G SA: 150m 
AML: 50 m 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
5000 m 
N/A 
100 m 
N/A 
50 m 
N/A 
N/A 

AT 
BE 
BG 
CY 
CZ 
DE 
DK 
EE 
EL 
ES 
FI 
FR 
HR 
HU 
IE 
IT 

LT 

LU 
LV 
MT 
NO 
NL 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SE 
SI 
SK 

Accuracy criterion 
(information related to the 
physical address of the 
network termination point) 
N/A 
Yes  
Yes 
N/A 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
N/A 
N/A 
Yes 
N/A 
Yes 
N/A 
Yes  
Yes  

Reliability criterion 
(%) 

N/A 
N/A 
80% 
N/A 
55% 
N/A 
80% 
60% 
N/A 
N/A 
80% 
N/A 
80% 
N/A 
80% 
80% 
GSM, UMTS, LTE, 
5G SA: 67% 

AML: 80% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
85% 
N/A 
60% 
N/A 
80% 
N/A 
N/A 

Yes  

N/A 
Yes 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
Yes  
Yes  
Yes 
Yes 
N/A 
N/A 

Reliability 
criterion (%) 

N/A 
94% 
90% 
N/A 
100% 
N/A 
N/A 
60% 
N/A 
N/A 
100% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
99% 
82% 

95% 

N/A 
100% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
100% 
95% 
95% 
99% 
N/A 
N/A 

9 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
ANNEX  II  –  ALTERNATIVE  MEANS  OF  ACCESS  TO  EMERGENCY  SERVICES  IN  EU  MEMBER 
STATES AND EEA COUNTRIES 

Feature available 

Feature not available 

Means of access 

Inter 
active 

User 
location 

No 
registration 

Free 

Roaming 
access 

Free 
roaming 

AT 

BE 

BG 

CY 

CZ 

SMS to long number 
Application  

SMS to short number 

Application (112.be)  

RTT (over 112 Bulgaria 
application) 

Application (112 Bulgaria) 

Web based service 
SMS to 112  
RTT (over 112 Cyprus 
application/IOS 11 Cyprus) 

SMS to 112 

Application (zachranka) 
Web based emergency access 
General accessibility relay service  
Specialised emergency relay 
service  
Specialised devices from fixed 
locations 

DE 

Application 

General relay service 

DK 

SMS to long number 

EE 

EL 

ES 

SMS to 112 

SMS to 112 

regional SMS to long numbers 
Specialised emergency relay 
service (video call)  
Application  

FI 

SMS to 112 

SMS to 114 

Total conversation as network 
service 

Application 

FR 

Web based emergency access 

RTT as network service 
(www.info.urgence114.fr) 
RTT as application service 
(www.info.urgence114.fr) 

Specialised emergency relay 

Number of 
access 
580 
294 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

4 

N/A 

N/A 

739 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

N/A 

0 

9671*  

772 

95 

838 

1478 

338 

200 

200 

5950 

305,452 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Means of access 

Inter 
active 

User 
location 

No 
registration 

Free 

Roaming 
access 

Free 
roaming 

Number of 
access 

service 

HR 

SMS to 112 

HU 

SMS to 112 

Application (112-SOS)  

IE 

SMS to 112 

IT 

LT 

LU 

LV 

Application (Flag Mii) 
Application (Where ARE U) 
Specialised emergency relay 
service 
SMS to 112 
Application (112 app) 

SMS to 112  

Applications (GouvAlert, Echo 
112) 

SMS to 112 

Application 

SMS to long number 

112.mt application 

MT 

112.mt web service 

RTT over network (long number) 

RTT over application 

Report through 112.mt 

RTT over application (112NL) 

Web based emergency access 

SMS to 112 
Specialised emergency relay 
service 

General accessibility relay service 

NL 

PL 

Application (Alarm 112) 

PT 

SMS to long number 

Emergency application 

RO 

SMS to 113 

SE 

SI 

SMS to 112 

General relay service 

SMS to 112 

Web based emergency access 

SK 

SMS to 112 

SMS 112 

NO 

Application, web service and relay 
(same site) 

*since 28.09.2021 

15 

18890 

1.279 

N/A 
N/A 

N/A 

39,464 
186 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

4 

228 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

1,836 

N/A 

7 

N/A 

142 

1,083 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

11 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX III – ARTICLE 7(2) ROADMAP FOR UPGRADING THE NATIONAL PSAP SYSTEMS TO 
PACKET-SWITCHED TECHNOLOGY   

Date of migration to packet switched emergency 
communication of the PSAP system 

PSAP capable of handling real time text 

AT  Q2 2025 

BE  Q1 2025 

BG 

30 March 2026 

CY 

1 January 2026 

CZ 

1 March 2025 

DE  PSAP migrated 

DK  PSAP migrated 

EE 

EL 

ES 

FI 

28 June 2025 

PSAP migrated 

July 2024 

PSAP migrated 

FR  N/A 

HR 

26 February 2025 

HU  Q4 2024 

IE 

2024 

IT  May 2025 

LT  October 2026 

LU  N/A 

LV  N/A 

MT  PSAP migrated 

NO  N/A 

NL  mid 2026-end 2027 

PL  April 25 

PT  May 2024 

RO  Q4 2025 

SE 

PSAP migrated   

SI 

Q1 2025 

SK  Q3 2024 

Q2 2025 

27 June 2027 

30 March 2026 

N/A 

1 October 2026 

N/A 

Summer 2027 

28 June 2025 

Q2 2026 

N/A 

Summer 2025 

N/A 

28 June 2025 

N/A 

Q4 2024 

N/A 

March 2027 

N/A 

N/A 

Yes, for application 

N/A 

Yes, for application. Native RTT as of mid-
2026 

June 25 

January 2025 

Q4 2027 

Q3 2025 

End of 2025 

N/A 

12