REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION under Regulation (EU) 2018/956 analysing the data transmitted by Member States and manufacturers for the reporting period 2021 on CO2 emissions from and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles
Date: 2024-07-26
Institutions: Directorate-General for Climate Action, European Commission
Subjects: EU Member State, consumption, disclosure of information, greenhouse gas, large vehicle, motor fuel, motor vehicle industry, motor vehicle pollution, reduction of gas emissions

EN 

  EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 26.7.2024  COM(2024) 313 final  REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION under Regulation (EU) 2018/956 analysing the data transmitted by Member States and manufacturers for the reporting period 2021 on CO2 emissions from and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles            
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.  Legal base ........................................................................................................................... 2 

2.  Content of the report ........................................................................................................... 2 

3.  Data basis ............................................................................................................................ 3 

4.  Analysis for the 2021 reporting period ............................................................................... 3 

4.1  CO2 emissions and fuel consumption .......................................................................... 3 

4.1.1 

Performance of the fleet of the Union .................................................................. 3 

4.1.2 

Performance of the fleet of the Member States .................................................... 5 

4.1.3 

Performance of the fleet of the manufacturers ..................................................... 7 

4.1.4 

CO2 emissions at different mission profiles/payload combinations ..................... 9 

4.1.5 

CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by fuel type ............................................ 10 

4.2  Advanced CO2 technologies and alternative powertrains ......................................... 11 

4.2.1  Advanced CO2 technologies ............................................................................... 11 

4.2.2  Alternative fuels ................................................................................................. 12 

4.2.3  Alternative powertrains ...................................................................................... 15 

5.   Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 15 

5.1  CO2 emissions ............................................................................................................ 16 

5.2 

Fuels and powertrains ................................................................................................ 16 

1 

 
 
 
 
1. 

LEGAL BASIS 

Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2018/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 
June 2018 on the monitoring and reporting of CO2  emissions  from  and fuel  consumption of 
new  heavy-duty  vehicles1  requires  the  Commission  to  publish  each  year  a  report  with  its 
analysis  of  the  data  transmitted  by  Member  States  and  manufacturers  for  the  preceding 
reporting period. This is the third report under this provision, providing a data analysis for the 
reporting period 2021 running from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022 with a reporting deadline of 
30 September 2022.  

The CO2 emissions from and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles are determined via 
the  Vehicle  Energy  Consumption  Calculation  Tool  (VECTO),  a  simulation  tool  for  heavy-
duty  vehicles  developed  by  the  European  Commission.  The  principles  underpinning  the 
simulation  of  new  heavy-duty  vehicles  using  VECTO  are  provided  by  Regulation  (EU) 
2017/2400  on  the  determination  of  the  CO2  emissions  and  fuel  consumption  of  heavy-duty 
vehicles2. 

2. 

CONTENT OF THE REPORT 

In accordance with the requirements of Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2018/956, this analysis 
covers the performance of the heavy-duty vehicles fleet of  

1)  the Union 
2)  each Member State  
3)  each manufacturer  

All  three  items  above  are  estimated  based  on  the  CO2  emissions  for  selected  representative 
heavy-duty vehicle groups for different mission profiles, payload combinations and different 
fuels. Additionally, selected values on the average fuel consumption of the heavy-duty vehicle 
fleet of the Union are included. 

The analysis also covers the available data on the uptake of new and advanced CO2 reducing 
technologies, as well as of alternative powertrains.  

It is based on the data available to the Commission on 20 March 2024. 

Further  performance  values  can  be  found  in  the  Central  Register  for  data  on  heavy-duty 
vehicles3.  

Results of on-road verification tests could not be added to the report as they are not available 
to the Commission for the reporting period 2021. 

1  Regulation  (EU)  2018/956 of the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of 28 June 2018 on  the  monitoring  and 
reporting of CO2 emissions from and fuel consumption of new heavy-duty vehicles (OJ L 173, 9.7.2018, p. 1). 
2 Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 of 12 December 2017 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the 
European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of 
heavy-duty  vehicles  and  amending  Directive  2007/46/EC  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  and 
Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (OJ L 349, 29.12.2017, p. 1). 
3  As  provided  for  by  Article  6  of  Regulation  (EU)  2018/956.  The  Central  Register  is  published  by  the  European 
Environment Agency (EEA) under https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/app/CO2HDV/. 

2 

 
 
 
3. 

DATA BASIS 

This  report  is  based  on  data  including  all  vehicles  reported  by  manufacturers,  matched  by 
registrations in the Member States during the reporting period of 2021. These cover lorries in 
vehicle groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 16. 

All these lorries are defined as heavy lorries in Regulation (EU) 2017/2400. This report, when 
relevant, distinguishes between lorries below (groups 1, 2 and 3) and above (4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 
and 16) 16 tonnes of technically permissible maximum laden mass.  

Buses and coaches are not included. 

4. 

ANALYSIS FOR THE 2021 REPORTING PERIOD  

4.1 

CO2 emissions and fuel consumption 

This  section  provides  an  analysis  of  the  CO2  emissions  by  Member  States,  manufacturers, 
vehicle  groups  and  different  mission  profiles.  Additionally,  selected  values  on  fuel 
consumption,  as  well  as  different  fuel  types  used  by  the  newly  registered  vehicles  are 
presented.  Heavy  duty  vehicles  with  alternative  powertrains,  i.e.  zero-emission  vehicles, 
hybrid electric vehicles, and dual-fuel vehicles, are separately discussed in section 4.2. To be 
noted  that  sometimes  not  all  the  information  required  is  available.  Therefore  some  vehicles 
have been excluded from certain tables, which explains why the total vehicles shown in the 
different tables does not always match. 

4.1.1  Performance of the fleet of the Union 

The reported CO2 emissions strongly depend on the vehicle groups and sub-groups4. 

Table 1 provides data on the composition and CO2 emissions of the vehicle groups and sub-
groups.  In  particular,  it  shows  the  number  of  vehicles  as  well  as  the  average  specific  CO2 
emissions  of  different  groups  and  sub-groups.  The  very  large  majority  of  matched  lorries 
below 16 tonnes of technically permissible maximum laden mass belong to groups 2 and 3. 
As regards lorries above 16 tonnes, the vehicles in sub-group 5-Long Haul (5-LH) represent 
70% of all new lorries above 16 tonnes. These are the most common vehicles used for long-
haul freight transportation in the EU.  

Average  specific  CO2  emissions  of  a  heavy-duty  vehicle  from  a  given  sub-group  are 
calculated  as  a  weighted  mean  over  different  mission  profiles5  as  defined  in  Annex  I  of  
Regulation  (EU)  2019/1242.  For  vehicle  groups  1,  2,  3,  11,  12  and  16,  the  mission  profile 
weights used for all calculations in this report are not yet defined in legislation6.  

4  The  vehicle  sub-groups  reflect  the  vehicles’  typical  usage  pattern  and  specific  technical  characteristics.  They  are 
defined by Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242.  
5 Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 defines a mission profile as a “combination of a target speed cycle, a payload value, a 
body or trailer configuration and other parameters, if applicable, reflecting the specific use of a vehicle”. 
6 The definitions used for this report can be found in Annex A.1 of COM(2023) 517 final 

3 

 
 
 
Table  1  also  provides  the  average  payload7  in  tonnes  for  all  vehicle  groups  as  well  as  the 
average  specific  CO2  emissions  in  g/tkm,  calculated  dividing  the  average  specific  CO2 
emissions in g/km by the average payload in tonnes. 

Table 1: Number of vehicles, average specific CO2 emissions in g/km, average payload in tonnes 
and average specific CO2 emissions in g/tkm per vehicle group and sub-group (note: RD stands 
for vehicles used mostly for Regional Delivery, LH for Long Haul, and UD for Urban Delivery) 

Vehicle 
group 

Vehicle sub-
group8 

Number of 
vehicles 

Average specific 
CO2 emissions 
(g/km) 

Average 
payload (t) 

Average 
specific CO2 
emissions 
(g/tkm) 

2 455 

610 

1.44 

424 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

9 

10 

11 

12 

16 
EU total 

- 

- 

- 
4-UD 

4-RD 

4-LH 

vocational 
5-RD 
5-LH 

8 648 

8 013 
72 

11 221 

3 816 

115 
1 031 
146 009 

vocational 

0 

9-RD 
9-LH 

vocational 

10-RD 
10-LH 
- 

- 

- 
- 

12 657 
17 180 

832 

45 
6 343 
2 589 

1 479 

4 085 
226 590 

627 

700 
813 

628 

730 

1 437 
860 
768 

- 

698 
843 

1 621 

811 
801 
835 

1 015 

1 082 

2.34 

3.37 
2.65 

3.18 

7.42 

10.26 
13.84 

6.28 
13.40 

10.26 
13.84 
5.39 

9.81 

9.81 

268 

208 
307 

198 

98 

84 
55 

111 
63 

79 
58 
155 

104 

110 

7 Annex A.2 of REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION under Regulation (EU) 2018/956 analysing the data transmitted 
by Member States and manufacturers for the reporting period 2020 on CO2 emissions from and fuel consumption of 
new  heavy-duty  vehicles,  COM(2023)  517  final,  provides  a  description  on  how  the  average  payload  has  been 
calculated for all vehicle groups. 
8 As defined in Regulation (EU) 2019/ 1242 

4 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
4.1.2  Performance of the fleet per Member States 

Table  2  provides  information  on  the  average  specific  CO2  emissions9  in  g/km  for  each 
Member State. Vocational vehicles as well as vehicles whose CO2 emissions are not certified 
(such as dual  fuel  and hybrid vehicles)  are not  taken into account.  For conciseness  reasons, 
only emission values for vehicle (sub)group 2, sub-group 5-Long-Haul (5-LH), and group 16 
are  shown.  These  3  (sub)groups  have  been  selected  as  the  representative  groups  for  lorries 
below 16 tonnes (groups 1, 2, and 3) and lorries above 16 tonnes (currently subject to the CO2 
standards: groups 4, 5, 9, and 10; not subject to current CO2 standards: groups 11, 12 and 16) 
respectively10. 

9 Annex A.3 of REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION under Regulation (EU) 2018/956 analysing the data transmitted 
by Member States and manufacturers for the reporting period 2020 on CO2 emissions from and fuel consumption of 
new heavy-duty vehicles, COM(2023) 517 final, provides a description on how the average specific CO2 emissions, 
are calculated 
10 For the lorries below 16 tonnes, groups 2 and 3 contain a comparable number of vehicles. Regarding the average 
specific  CO2  emissions  and  average  payload,  group 2  is  “in  between”  groups  1  and 3  (see  Table  2),  and  hence  best 
represents these lorries. Sub-group 5-LH and group 16 are a representative group, as they account for the highest share 
of newly registered lorries above 16 tonnes in the groups which are and are not subject to the current CO2 standards, 
respectively.  In  some  countries,  no  group  16  vehicle  has  been  registered  in  the  reporting  period,  and  hence  their 
average emissions are not available. 

5 

 
 
 
Table 2: Average specific CO2 emissions in g/km of vehicle (sub)groups 2, 5-LH and 16, as well 
as the number of lorries registered in each Member State in certain groups 

Lorries below 16 tonnes 

Lorries above 16 tonnes 

Groups 1, 
2, 3 
No. of 
vehicles 

Group 2 
Avg. spec. 
CO2 em. 
(g/km) 

 Groups 4, 
5, 9, 10 
No. of 
vehicles 

Sub-group 5-LH 
Avg. spec. CO2 
em. (g/km) 

Groups 11, 
12, 16 
No. of 
vehicles 

Group 16 
Avg. spec. 
CO2 em. 
(g/km) 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Cyprus 

Czechia 

Denmark 

Estonia 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Luxemburg 

Malta 

Netherlands 

Poland 

Portugal 

Romania 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

397 

729 

53 

132 

12 

695 

275 

12 

138 

3 891 

6 847 

82 

113 

168 

1 778 

11 

16 

3 

3 

683 

935 

173 

117 

166 

43 

Spain 

1 277 

Sweden 
Unknown11

360 

3 

EU total 

19 112 

631 

623 

613 

625 

- 

653 

607 

595 

629 

608 

625 

630 

632 

642 

682 

587 

616 

630 

660 

608 

638 

666 

633 

634 

650 

627 

592 

- 

627 

3 780 

5 478 

2 908 

809 

11 

6 101 

2 862 

497 

1 118 

31 156 

42 543 

221 

4 266 

1 347 

16 901 

1 359 

6 974 

609 

1 

9 408 

26 900 

3 052 

4 839 

2 349 

1 691 

16 955 

3 122 

87 

197 344 

777 

778 

748 

763 

762 

765 

757 

754 

775 

772 

774 

771 

764 

761 

773 

759 

765 

786 

- 

766 

760 

762 

767 

760 

758 

765 

755 

781 

768 

290 

647 

4 

24 

0 

285 

455 

63 

758 

1 629 

1 512 

4 

20 

79 

121 

77 

39 

6 

0 

275 

350 

80 

41 

44 

31 

132 

1 177 

5 

8 148 

1 090 

1 061 

1 013 

1 120 

- 

1 080 

1 072 

1 083 

1 102 

1 089 

1 065 

1 089 

1 130 

1 059 

1 095 

1 010 

- 

1 051 

- 

1 060 

1 092 

1 150 

1 084 

1 082 

1 118 

1 102 

1 084 

1 086 

1 082 

11 Unknown vehicles are those registered in more than one Member State, and then they could not be attributed 
to one precise Member State. 

6 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
4.1.3  Performance of the fleet of the manufacturers 

Table 3 presents average specific CO2 emissions in g/km, for all manufacturers, in line with 
the data presented in Table 2.Vocational vehicles are not taken into account. 

Table 3: Average specific CO2 emissions in g/km of vehicle (sub)groups 2, 5-LH and 16 

Lorries below 16 tonnes 

Lorries above 16 tonnes 

Groups 1, 2, 
3 
Number of 
vehicles 

Group 2 
Average 
specific CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 

 Groups 4, 5, 
9, 10 
Number of 
vehicles 

Groups 11, 
12, 16 
Number of 
vehicles 

Sub-group 
5-LH 
Average 
specific CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 

Group 16 
Average 
specific 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 

ANADOLU ISUZU 
OTOMOTIV 
SANAYII VE 
TICARET A.S. 
DAF Trucks N.V. 

Daimler Truck AG 
Ford Otomotiv 
Sanayi A.S. 
ISUZU MOTORS 
LIMITED 
Iveco S.p.A. 

Iveco-Magirus A.G. 
MAN Truck & Bus 
AG 
Mitsubishi Fuso 
Truck & Bus 
Corporation 
RENAULT 
TRUCKS 
SCANIA CV AB 
VOLVO TRUCK 
CORPORATION 
EU total 

100 

1 837 

4 767 

0 

45 

3 418 

0 

4 228 

444 

3 003 

0.0 

1 270 

19 112 

668 

628 

- 

752 

700 

- 

601 

- 

577 

- 

593 

627 

35 615 

38 296 

3 625 

0 

1 078 

13 551 

25 541 

0.0 

19 492 

24 211 

35 935 

197 344 

771 

781 

808 

- 

- 

792 

754 

- 

785 

728 

761 

768 

279 

1 103 

1 035 

1 122 

0 

0 

0 

648 

960 

0 

386 

1 849 

2 923 

8 148 

- 

- 

- 

1 107 

1 043 

- 

1 081 

1 071 

1 090 

1 082 

7 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4 and Table 5 present the number of vehicles registered, for all manufacturers, in 
different groups and subgroups, respectively. Vocational vehicles are not included. 

Table 4: Number of vehicles per vehicle group for each manufacturer, for groups 1,2, 3, 11, 12 
and 16 

ANADOLU ISUZU OTOMOTIV 
SANAYII VE TICARET A.S. 

Vehicle Group 

1 

100 

2 

0 

3 

0 

11 

12 

16 

Total 

0 

0 

0 

100 

DAF Trucks N.V. 

79 

873 

885 

107 

46 

126 

2 116 

Daimler Truck AG 

429 

2 164  2 174 

292 

246 

565 

5 870 

Ford Otomotiv Sanayi A.S. 

ISUZU MOTORS LIMITED 

0 

0 

0 

0 

25 

20 

Iveco S.p.A. 

452 

1 446  1 520 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

45 

3 418 

Iveco-Magirus A.G. 

0 

0 

0 

268 

28 

352 

648 

MAN Truck & Bus AG 

911 

2 189  1 128 

219 

161 

580 

5 188 

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus 
Corporation 

RENAULT TRUCKS 

SCANIA CV AB 

444 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

444 

0 

0 

1 485  1 518 

143 

37 

206 

3 389 

0 

0 

575 

302 

972 

1 849 

VOLVO TRUCK CORPORATION 

40 

466 

764 

983 

656 

1284 

4 193 

Total 

2 455  8 648  8 009  2 587  1 476  4 085 

27 260 

8 

 
 
  
  
 
Table 5: Number of vehicles per vehicle sub-group for each manufacturer, for groups 4, 5, 9 and 
10 

Vehicle sub-group 

4-
UD 

4-RD 

4-LH 

5-RD 

5-LH 

9-RD 

9-LH 

10-
RD 

10-LH 

Total 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

ANADOLU 
ISUZU 
OTOMOTIV 
SANAYII VE 
TICARET A.S. 

DAF Trucks 
N.V. 

Daimler Truck 
AG 
Ford Otomotiv 
Sanayi A.S. 
ISUZU 
MOTORS 
LIMITED 
Iveco S.p.A. 
Iveco-Magirus 
A.G. 
MAN Truck & 
Bus AG 
Mitsubishi Fuso 
Truck & Bus 
Corporation 
RENAULT 
TRUCKS 
SCANIA CV AB 
VOLVO 
TRUCK 
CORPORATION 
Total 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 086 

435 

69 

30 856 

521 

1 834 

1 746 

1 017 

410 

27 776 

2 725 

4 020 

259 

0 

14 

1 064 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

3 283 

64 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

331 

166 

71 

10 079 

1 601 

1 160 

3 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

802 

35 615 

595 

38 296 

0 

0 

0 

3 625 

0 

1 078 

143 

13 551 

0 

0 

0 

0 

253 

19 492 

1 998 

618 

189 

17 006 

2 384 

2 696 

15 

635 

25 541 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 123 

71 

13 644 

1 927 

898 

576 

549 

49 

1 196 

131 

15 496 

1 958 

3 036 

12 

1 784 

24 211 

0 

1 418 

443 

87 

27 058 

1 469 

3 360 

8 

2092 

35 935 

72 

11 221 

3 805 

1 029 

145 198 

12 649  17 021 

45 

6 304 

197 344 

4.1.4  CO2 emissions at different mission profiles/payload combinations 

In VECTO, all vehicles  are simulated over different mission profiles and with two different 
payloads (low or representative). Each vehicle group is  simulated over a defined number of 
corresponding mission profiles.  

Table  6  presents  average  specific  emissions  in  g/km  and  g/tkm  from  vehicle  groups  2, 
subgroup 5-LH and group 16.  

9 

 
 
  
 
Table  6:  Average specific  CO2  emissions in  g/km and  g/tkm  of  vehicle groups  2,  5,  and  16  for 
each mission profile 

Lorries below 16 tonnes 

Lorries above 16 tonnes 

Vehicle group 2 

Vehicle sub-group 5 LH 

Vehicle group 16 

Average 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 
509 

Average 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/tkm) 
849 

Average 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 
659 

Average 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/tkm) 
253 

Average 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 
- 

Average 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/tkm) 
- 

548 

670 
774 
646 
746 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

183 

515 
79 
1 076 
249 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

820 

632 

826 
1 043 
1 434 
835 
1 059 
797 
1 073 
- 
- 
781 
1 009 

64 

243 

43 
401 
111 
239 
61 
228 
40 
- 
- 
300 
78 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
909 

1 156 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
350 

90 

Mission 
profile / 
payload12 

RDL 

RDR 

LHL 

LHR 
UDL 
UDR 
REL 
RER 
LEL 
LER 
MUL 
MUR 
COL 
COR 

4.1.5  CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by fuel type 

Table 7 provides the average specific CO2 emissions by fuel type. Similarly to Table 2 and 
Table  3,  it  presents  values  for  vehicle  (sub)groups  2,  5-LH  and  16,  excluding  vocational 
vehicles. A more detailed analysis of the different fuels used by newly registered vehicles is 
given in section 4.2.2  Alternative fuels. 

12 The mission profiles are defined in Table 2 of Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 

10 

 
 
  
 
Table  7:  Number  of  vehicles,  average  specific  CO2  emissions  in  g/km  and  average  fuel 
consumption of vehicle (sub)groups 2,5-LH and 16 by fuel type 

Lorries below 16 tonnes 

Lorries above 16 tonnes 

Vehicle group 2 

Vehicle sub-group 5-LH 

Vehicle group 16 

Fuel type 
(engine) 

Number 
of 
vehicles 

Av. spec. 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 

Average fuel 
consumption 

Number 
of 
vehicles 

Av. spec. 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 

Average 
fuel 
consumption 

Number 
of 
vehicles 

Av. spec. 
CO2 
emissions 
(g/km) 

Average 
fuel 
consumption 

Diesel 
(CI) 
Ethanol 
(CI) 

LNG (PI) 

0 

0 

CNG (PI) 

143 

Unknown 

2 

EU  

8 648 

8 503 

627 

24 l/100 km 

141 119 

768 

29 l/100 km 

4039 

1 083 

41 l/100 km 

- 

- 

609 

627 

627 

- 

0 

226 g/km 

0 

3 182 

875 

14 

145 190 

- 

753 

754 

794 

768 

- 

272 g/km 

280 g/km 

2 

6 

38 

0 

1 089 

73 l/100 km 

1 009 

1 051 

- 

364 g/km 

391 g/km 

- 

4 085 

1 082 

4.2 

Advanced CO2 technologies and alternative powertrains 

This section focuses on the use of advanced and alternative technologies within the vehicles 
registered. In particular, it lists the total number of vehicles and the share of the fleet equipped 
with a given technology. It compares the fleets of different manufacturers and Member States.  

4.2.1  Advanced CO2 technologies 

During  the reporting  period  of  2021,  manufacturers could,  but  were not  obliged to,  indicate 
additional  “advanced  CO2  technologies”13.  This  information  had  no  influence  on  VECTO 
simulation results.  

Out  of  all  new  vehicles  of  the  manufacturer  which  has  reported  on  such  technologies,  67% 
were  equipped  with  an  active  front  grille,  classified  as  an  advanced  aerodynamic  measure. 
Furthermore,  around  95%  of  its  new  vehicles  were  equipped  with  a  pulse  and  glide 
technology, leading to more energy-efficient driving. 

No conclusions about advanced CO2 technologies within the whole fleet of the Union can be 
drawn. 

Besides this optional information on “advanced CO2 technologies”, the manufacturers had to 
indicate  whether  the  registered  vehicle  is  equipped  with  an  advanced  driver-assistance 
systems (ADAS) technology14. Table 8 presents the total number of vehicles equipped with 
an ADAS technology.  

13 Field 74 of Table 2 in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2018/956. 
14 Fields 97-100 of Table 2 in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2018/956. 

11 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 8: Number of vehicles per vehicle group equipped with an ADAS technology 

Vehicle group 

1 

0 

2 

0 

3 

0 

4 

0 

5 

0 

9 

0 

10 

11 

12 

16 

Total 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

319 

2 257 

2 244 

5 770 

126 510 

18 036 

4 338 

1564 

1017 

2209 

164 264 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 763 

94 989 

9 062 

2 729 

512 

446 

916 

111 417 

2 455 

8 648 

8 013 

15 224 

147 040 

30 669 

6 388 

2 589 

1 479 

4 085 

226 590 

13 

26 

28 

38 

86 

59 

68 

64 

71 

57 

73 

ADAS 
technology 
Engine stop-
start during 
vehicle stop 
Eco-roll 
without engine 
stop-start 
Eco-roll with 
engine stop-
start 
Predictive 
cruise control 
Total number 
of vehicles in 
group 
Share of 
vehicles 
equipped with 
at least 1 
ADAS (%) 

No  vehicles  registered  during  the  reporting  period  of  2021  were  equipped  with  the  ADAS 
technologies “engine stop-start during vehicle stop” or “eco-roll with engine stop-start”. 

4.2.2  Alternative fuels 

The  fuel  and  engine  type  of  a  registered  vehicle  were  mandatory  specifications  during  the 
reporting  period  as  they  have  an  impact  on  the  emissions  determination  via  VECTO.  Even 
though  almost  97%  of  vehicles  registered  use  Diesel,  a  small  amount  of  newly  registered 
vehicles  uses  ethanol,  LNG,  or  CNG.  Table  9  gives  an  overview  of  the  different  fuel  and 
engines within the vehicle groups. 

12 

 
 
  
Table 9: Number of vehicles per vehicle group by fuel type (AF: Alternative Fuels) 

Conventional 
fuels 

Alternative 
fuels 

Fuel 
type 
(engine) 

Diesel 
(CI) 

Petrol 
(CI) 

Ethanol 
(CI) 
Ethanol 
(PI) 
LNG 
(PI) 
CNG 
(PI) 
Total 
number 
of 
vehicles 
in group 
Share of 
vehicles 
using AF 
(%) 

Vehicle group 

Total 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

9 

10 

11 

12 

16 

2 451  8 503  7 913  14 573  142 118  28 889  6 337  2 576  1 475  4 039  218 874 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

65 

3 189 

369 

143 

81 

453 

901 

1 091 

0 

0 

0 

7 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

6 

8 

3 636 

38 

2 724 

2 455  8 648  8 013  15 224  147 040  30 669  6 388  2 589  1 479  4 085  226 590 

0% 

2% 

1% 

3% 

3% 

5% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

1% 

2.8% 

Table  10 shows data per  Member State in  terms  of the number of vehicles using alternative 
fuels.  The  data  are  summed  up  within  the  two  most  important  categories:  lorries  below  16 
tonnes (i.e. groups 1, 2, and 3), as well as lorries above 16 tonnes (i.e. groups 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 
12 and 16) and exclude the alternative powertrains presented in the next section.  

13 

 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
Table 10: Number of vehicles per Member State by fuel. Gas powered include LNG and CNG 

Vehicle groups 1 ,2, and 3 

Vehicle groups 4, 5, 9, 10, 
11, 12 and 16 

Member 
State 

Diesel 
(CI) 

Ethanol 
(CI) 

Gas 
powered 

Diesel 
(CI) 

Ethanol 
(CI) 

Gas 
powered 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 
Croatia 
Cyprus 
Czechia 
Denmark 
Estonia 

Finland 

397 

721 

51 
132 
12 
695 
276 
12 

137 

France 

3767 

Germany 
Greece 
Hungary 
Ireland 
Italy 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Luxemburg 
Malta 
Netherlands 
Poland 
Portugal 
Romania 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 
Spain 
Sweden 
Unknown15 
Total EU 

6841 
82 
113 
168 
1753 
11 
16 
3 
3 
680 
919 
166 
117 
166 
43 
1 224 
359 
3 
18 867 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

8 

2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

4050 

6 003 

2 792 
827 
11 
6 365 
3 298 
552 

1 809 

119 

31 257 

1 
0 
0 
0 
24 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
16 
7 
0 
0 
0 
48 
0 
0 
227 

43 272 
248 
4 282 
1 417 
16 312 
1 367 
6 919 
612 
1 
9 571 
26 417 
3 096 
4 788 
2 360 
1 709 
16 438 
4 143 
91 
200 007 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

7 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
8 

Total 
number 
of 
vehicles 
(excl. 
ZEV) 
4 470 

6 881 

2 964 
960 
23 
7 091 
3 654 
571 

23 

149 

119 
1 
0 
31 
80 
7 

55 

2 002 

1 459 

36 609 

1 164 
0 
3 
13 
736 
69 
94 
6 
0 
217 
869 
35 
102 
33 
14 
645 
208 
1 
6 133 

51 278 
330 
4 398 
1 598 
18 825 
1 447 
7 029 
621 
4 
10 469 
28 221 
3 304 
5 007 
2 559 
1 766 
18 355 
4 711 
95 
225 242 

Share of 
vehicles 
using 
AF (%) 

1% 

2% 

4% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
2% 
1% 

3% 

4% 

2% 
0% 
0% 
1% 
4% 
5% 
1% 
1% 
0% 
2% 
3% 
1% 
2% 
1% 
1% 
4% 
4% 
1% 
3% 

15 Unknown vehicles are those registered in more than one Member State, and then they could not be attributed to one 
precise Member State. 

14 

 
 
  
 
 
Differences  between  Member  States  might  result  from  differently  developed  re-filling 
infrastructures  for  alternative  fuels,  e.g.  CNG/LNG.  Nonetheless,  the  number  of  registered 
vehicles using alternative fuels is low throughout the whole EU. 

4.2.3  Alternative powertrains 

Regulation  (EU)  2019/1242  defines  a  zero-emission  heavy-duty  vehicle  (ZEV)  as  a  vehicle 
without an internal combustion engine, or with an internal combustion engine that emits less 
than 1 g CO2/kWh, or less than 1 g CO2/km.  

27 hybrid electric16 and 1290 dual-fuel vehicles17 have been registered in the reporting period 
2021 in the vehicle groups covered by the report, including those in group 0 (between 3.5 and 
7.5  tonnes)  Table  11  shows  that  the  number  of  zero-emission  vehicles  registered  during  the 
reporting period was very limited.  

Table 11: Number of ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicles) by manufacturer 

Manufacturer 

ZEV 

Share of 
ZEV 

ANADOLU ISUZU OTOMOTIV 
SANAYII VE TICARET A.S. 
DAF NV 
DAIMLER TRUCK AG 
FORD OTOMOTIV SANAYI AS 
ISUZU MOTORS LIMITED 
IVECO SPA 
IVECO MAGIRUS AG 
MAN TRUCK AND BUS SE 
MITSUBISHI FUSO TRUCK & BUS 
CORPORATION 
RENAULT TRUCK SA 
SCANIA CV AB 
VOLVO TRUCK CORPORATION 
Total number of vehicles 

0 

17 
21 
0 
0 
0 
0 
13 

0 

85 
67 
84 
287 

0.00% 

0.04% 
0.05% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.04% 

0.00% 

0.37% 
0.26% 
0.20% 
0.13% 

Out  of  these  287  battery-electric  vehicles,  120  belong  to  the  sub-group  4-LH  (the  subgroup 
with the highest number of vehicles). 

5.  

CONCLUSION 

This third report aims to present the status quo of the EU’s heavy-duty vehicle fleet.  

The report compares the performance of the fleets of different Member States, manufacturers, 
and vehicle groups. It provides selected values on CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, as well 

16 A hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor 
17 A dual-fuel vehicle is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine that is designed to operate on two different fuels 
at the same time 

15 

 
 
 
as  the  share  of  alternative  technologies  in  heavy-duty  vehicles  registered  during  the  third 
reporting period. This section summarises the key observations from the reported data. 

5.1 

CO2 emissions  

A fair comparison of the performance of different Member States and manufacturers in terms 
of the average specific CO2 emissions of their fleets is only possible within a given group or 
sub-groups (for lorries in groups 4, 5, 9 and 10). 

Within  the  representative  group  for  lorries  below  16  tonnes,  i.e.  group  2,  significant 
differences among the fleets of different Member States and manufacturers can be observed. 
The relative difference between the best- and the worst-performing Member State’s fleet is of 
more  than  16%  (see  Table  2).  For  the  manufacturers,  the  relative  difference  accounts  to 
around 30% (see Table 3).  

As for the lorries above 16 tonnes, the variation between the Member States’ fleets amounts 
to  5%  for  the  5-Long  Haul  group  and  14%  for  group  16.  Likewise,  for  manufacturers,  this 
disparity reaches around 11% in the 5-LH group and 8% in group 16. Furthermore, the data 
on  the  uptake  of  advanced  technologies  indicates  that  nearly  three  quarters  of  the  newly 
registered vehicles are equipped with at least one advanced driver-assistance system. The data 
on additional advanced CO2 technologies is limited, but suggests that a high share of vehicles 
might be equipped with advanced aerodynamic measures or a pulse and glide technology.  

5.2 

Fuels and powertrains 

At present, diesel vehicles still account for more than 97% of all newly registered heavy-duty 
vehicles  covered  in  this  report18.  Only  a  limited  number  of  vehicles  use  alternative  fuels  or 
alternative powertrains, mostly LNG and CNG.  

The share of vehicles using alternative fuels, i.e. ethanol, CNG, or LNG, significantly varies 
between  the  Member  States.  While  it  is  very  low  (well  below  0.5%)  in  Croatia,  Cyprus, 
Greece, Hungary and Malta, it reaches a share of above 4% in Bulgaria, France, Italy, Latvia 
and  Sweden  (see  Table  10).  This  is  due  to  a  relatively  high  share  of  natural  gas  vehicles, 
reflecting a quite well-developed gas refilling infrastructure in these countries.  

Currently, the number of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles across the EU is small, with only 
287 battery-electric vehicles matched during the 2021 reporting period (see Table 11) 

18 No distinction has been made between engines that are type-approved for different diesel fuel blends 

16