Employment and social developments in Europe : quarterly review. April 2024.
Date: 2024-05-27
Institutions: Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Subjects: EU Member State, EU employment policy, household income, inflation, job vacancy, macroeconomics, price increase, serial publication, social development, unemployment

Quarterly review

April 2024

Employment
and Social
Developments
in Europe

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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18 Special Eurobarometer Survey 527 on “Fairness perceptions of the green transition”. October 2022 (Field work May-June 
2022). Fulvimari et al. (2024) assesses drivers and socio-economic characteristics of fairness perceptions based on this 
Eurobarometer. 
19 The 2020 wave of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), which is the most recent edition on the environment, 
offers novel information on attitudes and behaviours, the latter of which in particular provides new dynamic opportunities for 
analysis. While this survey provides important and widespread data, its scope is far from comprehensive. The ISSP primarily 
focuses  on  attitudes  and  preferences  on  environment.  For  example,  it  does  not  provide  adequate  information  on  some  key 
aspects of mobility (e.g. travel by plane, use of public transport), sustainable food consumption or efficient energy use. It does 
not to provide adequate data on certain important demographic characteristics that have been shown to be important predictors 
of environmental impact, such as income. For further information on methodology, see annex. 
20 Special Eurobarometer Survey 527. Field work May-June 2022. 

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21 EIGE (2020) Beijing +25: the fifth review of the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action in the EU Member States 
22 The willingness to act can be further illustrated by EU-wide data focusing more specifically on climate change, collected in a 
recent Eurobarometer survey. This survey found that more than three quarters (77%) of Europeans feel a strong personal 
responsibility to act to limit climate change and 72% think they should personally do more than they currently do to contribute 
to the green transition and tackle climate change.   

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Car Use 

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 Please  see  statistcs  here:  https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/transport/road-transport-reducing-co2-emissions-

vehicles/co2-emission-performance-standards-cars-and-vans_en  
24 For own, private transportation purposes rather than for transportation of others via e.g. public transport.  
25 EIGE (2020) Beijing +25: the fifth review of the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action in the EU Member States 

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Product choice 

Recycling 

26 Unfortunately, the ISSP 2020 does not go in-depth into what specific reasons are at play here. The rationale remains broad 
on the level of being linked to environmental concern as an overarching motivating factor. 
27 The  Circular Economy Action Plan presents three main options to deal with waste in the following order: Reduce, re-use, 
recycle. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/circular-economy-action-plan_en 

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Food consumption 

Energy use 

28  JRC, 2023, Consumption Footprint and Domestic Footprint: Assessing the environmental impacts of EU consumption and 
production JRC128571_S4P_ConsumptionFootprint.pdf (europa.eu) The consumption footprint quantifies the environmental 
and climate impact of consumption at EU and Member State level. It encompasses the five areas of consumption, i.e. Food, 
Housing, Mobility, Household Goods, and Appliances and its impact on 16 environmental categories such as GHG emissions, 
land use, air pollution, resource and water use. 
29 Ibid. 
30 EEA, 2023, Transforming Europe's food system — Assessing the EU policy mix — European Environment Agency (europa.eu) 
31 Eurostat, 2022, 'Food waste and food waste prevention — estimates', Eurostat Statistics Explained Food waste and food 
waste prevention - estimates - Statistics Explained (europa.eu) 
32 See the initiatives in the ‘Fit for 55’ package. 

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33 On 7 December 2023, the co-legislators reached a provisional agreement on the revision, that will go through the formal 
adoption process in early 2024. 

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