COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Inventory of radioactive waste and spent fuel present in the Community's territory and the future prospects Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on progress of implementation of Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM and an inventory of radioactive waste and spent fuel present in the Community's territory and the future prospects - THIRD REPORT
Date: 2024-05-22
Institutions: Directorate-General for Energy, European Commission
Subjects: EU Member State, application of EU law, nuclear fuel, nuclear policy, nuclear safety, radioactive pollution, radioactive waste, waste management

EN 

  EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 22.5.2024  SWD(2024) 127 final  COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Inventory of radioactive waste and spent fuel present in the Community's territory and the future prospects Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on progress of implementation of Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM and an inventory of radioactive waste and spent fuel present in the Community's territory and the future prospects - THIRD REPORT                 {COM(2024) 197 final} - {SWD(2024) 123 final}  
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 2 

1. 

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3 

2.  Sources of information ....................................................................................................... 4 

3.  Sources of spent fuel and radioactive waste ....................................................................... 6 

4.  Classification of spent fuel and radioactive waste ............................................................. 7 

5.  Current radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory in the European Union ...................... 9 

6.  Projections of radioactive waste and spent fuel ............................................................... 26 

Annex I: Spent fuel and radioactive waste inventory data ....................................................... 29 

Page 1 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
List of abbreviations 

DSRS   

Disused sealed radioactive sources 

EU 

HLW    

IAEA   

ILW 

LLW 

European Union 

High Level Waste 

International Atomic Energy Agency 

Intermediate Level Waste 

Low Level Waste 

NORM  

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material 

OECD-NEA  Nuclear Energy Agency of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and 

Development 

RAW   

Radioactive waste 

SF 

SRIS 

tHM  

Spent fuel 

Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Information System 

Tons of heavy metal 

VLLW  

Very Low Level Waste 

VSLW  

Very Short Lived waste 

Page 2 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. 

Introduction 

According  to  Article  14(2)(b)  of  Council  Directive  2011/70/EURATOM1  establishing  a 
Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive 
waste (further “Directive”), the European Commission (further "Commission"), on the basis 
of  the  Member  States’  reports,  shall  submit  to  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  an 
inventory  of  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  present  in  the  Community's  territory  and  the 
future prospects. 

This  Staff Working Document (SWD) presents  an overview of spent fuel  and radioactive 
waste inventory in the European Union and the future prospects and provides background 
information to the inventory data presented in the Third Report from the Commission to the 
Council  and  the  European  Parliament  on  progress  of  implementation  of  Council  Directive 
2011/70/EURATOM  and  an  inventory  of  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  present  in  the 
Community's territory and future prospects (COM(2024) 197). 

This  is  the third Staff Working Document  providing an  updated overview of spent  fuel  and 
radioactive  waste  inventory  in  the  European  Union  and  the  future  prospects.  The  inventory 
reference  date  is  end  of  2019,  although  more  than  half  of  the  Member  States  reported 
inventory as of end of 2020 or 2021 (more information on the inventory dates are provided in 
chapter 2 – sources of information). This document is based on the information provided in 
the third national reports of EU Member States on the implementation of the Directive and it 
builds on the second SWD document (SWD(2019)435 final2) with inventory data from 2016. 
This document provides an overview of: 

-  The total spent fuel and radioactive waste inventory on the EU-27 territory as of 2019; 
-  Forecast of national and EU inventory in 2030 based on available information reported 

by Member States; 

-  Updated trends of radioactive waste and spent fuel in the EU. 

Previously  the  European  Commission  had  published  a  series  of  "Situation  Reports"3  which 
were developed in order to analyse and inform stakeholders about the situation of spent fuel 
and  radioactive  waste  management  in  the  European  Union.  Since  the  Directive  entered  into 
force,  situation  reports  were  discontinued  and  replaced  by  the  Commission  report  on 
implementation of the Directive and accompanying Staff Working Documents.  

Updated information about the Member States' installations generating radioactive waste and 
spent  fuel,  national  policies,  programmes,  concepts,  plans  and  financing  mechanisms  is 
summarised in the Staff Working Document SWD(2024) 123 on progress of implementation 
of Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom.  

1  

2  

3  

Council  Directive  2011/70/EURATOM  of  19  July  2011  establishing  a  Community  framework  for  the 
responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste; OJ L 199, 2.8.2011, p. 48. 
Commission  Staff  Working  Document,  Inventory  of  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  present  in  the 
Community's territory and the future prospects; SWD(2019)435 final, 17.12.2019. 
The  last  one  of  the  series  was  "Commission  staff  working  paper,  Seventh  situation  report,  radioactive 
waste and spent fuel management in the European Union; SEC(2011) 1007 final, 22.8.2011". 

Page 3 of 48 

 
 
Sources of information 

2. 
The  European  Union  spent  fuel  and  radioactive  waste  inventory  data  presented  in  this 
document is based on the third national reports submitted by all Member States in 2021.  

To  support  Member  States  in  reporting  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  inventory  to  the 
international  organisations,  the  Commission  services  in  collaboration  with  the  International 
Atomic  Energy  Agency  (IAEA)  and  the  OECD’s  Nuclear  Energy  Agency  (NEA)  defined  a 
harmonised set of data on reporting of national inventories and supported  the corresponding 
inventory reporting system SRIS4 operated by the IAEA (SRIS – Spent Fuel and Radioactive 
Waste  Information  System).  By  mid-2023  eight5  Member  States  have  introduced  their 
inventory  data  in  SRIS.  For  the  next  reporting  period  (ending  in  August  2024),  the  use  of 
SRIS for inventory reporting to the international organisations is strongly encouraged by the 
Commission. 

Although  Article 14(1)  of  the Directive  indicates that Member States can  take advantage of 
the review and reporting under the Joint Convention, less than half of the Member States did 
so. Those Member States used inventory data reported in the last Joint Convention reporting 
cycle  (using  2019  as  a  reference  date  for  their  inventories  for  the  7th  Joint  Convention 
meeting  in  June  2022).  The  remaining  Member  States  reported  newer  inventory  data.  To 
summarize, the inventory situation was reported as of year-end 2019 by 12 Member States, as 
of year-end 2020 by 8 Member States and the remaining 7 Member States reported the newest 
inventory  information  dated  2021.  Looking  at  the  size  of  the  programmes  it  is  clear  that 
mainly  Member  States  having  small  inventories  reported  newer  data,  while  for  larger 
inventories it takes more time to collect and process inventory data. As for radioactive waste 
volumes distribution by reporting year – inventory with the reference date as of 2019 makes 
up  91%  of  the  overall  volume,  and  inventories  with  the  reference  dates  of  2020  and  2021 
make 5% and 4% of the overall radioactive waste volume in the EU, respectively. 
As the dominating volume of radioactive waste  is  reported with  2019  as the reference date, 
2019 is chosen in this document as the reference date for the overall EU radioactive waste and 
spent fuel inventory in order to simplify data presentation. 
For the trend analysis only inventory data from the first6 and second7 Commission reports is 
used.  It  has  to  be  noted  that  inventory  data  provided  in  the  previous  Commission  reports 
included  inventory  information  from  the  United  Kingdom.  As  the  United  Kingdom  has  left 
the  European  Union  on  31  January  2020,  all  the  historical  inventory  data  used  for 

4  
5  
6  

7  

https://sris.iaea.org/ 
Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Spain. 
Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on progress of  implementation 
of Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom and an inventory of radioactive waste and spent fuel present in the 
Community's territory and the future prospects - COM(2017) 236 final. 
Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on progress of implementation 
of Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom and an inventory of radioactive waste and spent fuel present in the 
Community's territory and the future prospects – Second report – COM(2019) 632 final. 

Page 4 of 48 

 
 
identification of trends have been adjusted, i.e. historical inventory data from 2013 and 2016 
presented  in  this  report  were  adjusted  to  represent  inventory  of  the  27  European  Union 
Member States. 

Most  of  the  national  inventory  summaries  presented  in  this  document  have  been  verified 
(fact-checked) by the respective Member States in 2022. 

In preparation of this report, most of the sources of uncertainty, identified in the document 
SWD(2017)161 final, remained valid, i.e. 

•  Member  States  are  using  different  radioactive  waste  classification  schemes.  For  EU 
inventory aggregation purposes conversion to a common reporting basis  is necessary 
(IAEA  GSG-1 classification8;  see Chapter 4 below). However,  a  transition  from  one 
classification  scheme  to  another  often  introduces  uncertainties,  as  the  radioactive 
waste classes in different national classification schemes sometimes cannot be directly 
matched.  In  such  situations,  transformation  is  carried  out  on  a  “best  approximation” 
basis. In the third national reports most Member States reported their radioactive waste 
inventory using IAEA GSG-1 classification scheme or provided transformation matrix 
allowing  transformation  of  waste  inventory  from  their  national  classification  scheme 
to IAEA GSG-1.   

large  nuclear  programmes  generally 

•  Member  States  use  different  units  (volume,  mass,  etc.)  for  unconditioned  waste. 
Conversion  from  mass  to  volume  without  detailed  information  of  the  used 
treatment/conditioning methods used can result in significant uncertainties9.  
Reporting  of  disused  sealed  radioactive  sources  varies  from  country  to  country. 
Countries  with 
integrate  disused  sealed 
radioactive sources into other large radioactive waste streams and do not report them 
separately.  Countries  where  the  disused  sealed  radioactive  sources  make  significant 
part of the national inventory report them separately from the other radioactive waste 
streams. In such cases, disused sealed radioactive sources are reported only as number 
of sources. 
Member States report differently volumes of unconditioned radioactive waste – some 
report  actual  volumes  in  storage,  while  others  report  estimated  volumes  after 
conditioning to be emplaced in disposal.  
For inventory aggregation purposes, the estimated volumes of radioactive waste to be 
placed in disposal are preferred since this represents the final step in management of 
radioactive  waste.  Use  of  actual  radioactive  waste  volumes  in  storage  can  lead  to 
significant  uncertainties,  especially  when estimating  the need for disposal capacities.  
Usually,  most  significant  volume  changes  (reduction)  occur  as  a  result  of  liquid 
radioactive waste and sludge treatment and conditioning for disposal. The same is true 
for combustible and compactible radioactive waste.  
In  the  third  national  reports,  most  of  the  Member  States  reported  estimated  disposal 
volumes for unconditioned waste. This allows to reduce uncertainties and to improve 
consistency and comparability of the data.  

• 

8  
9  

Classification of Radioactive Waste. IAEA Safety Standards No. GSG-1, 2009, Vienna. 
Simple approach is to use 1 t ≡ 1 m3 equivalence. 

Page 5 of 48 

 
 
•  Knowledge  of  radioactive  contamination  of  facilities  subject  to  decommissioning 
plays  important  role  in  predicting  amounts  of  decommissioning  waste.  The  detailed 
characterization  of  a  facility  subject  to  decommissioning  increases  the  precision  in 
forecasting the amount of radioactive waste, however, only when decommissioning is 
well progressed will the actual categories and amounts of waste be fully known. This 
is also valid for the limited knowledge of characteristics of some legacy wastes. 

•  Future radioactive waste inventories highly depend on various decisions introducing 
additional uncertainties in the projection of future radioactive waste inventories, e.g.:  

o  Technological  decisions,  such  as  the  selection  of  treatment  and  conditioning 
options,  the  choice  between  immediate  or  deferred  decommissioning,  the 
decision to retrieve disposed radioactive waste, might have significant impact 
on  the  projection  of  future  radioactive  waste  inventories  (e.g.  volumes, 
classes); 

o  Political decisions and changes in the legal/regulatory framework, such as 
the  development  of  new  nuclear  facilities,  changes  to  the  fuel  cycle  or 
introduction of new radioactive waste classes. 

During  the  assessment  of  the  evolution  of  Member  States  inventories  with  time,  the 
following additional sources of uncertainties remained: 

•  Differences in the reference dates of Member States’ inventories – for the current 
reporting  period,  less  than  half  of  all  Member  States  (12,  see  above)  reported 
inventories  as  of  the  end  of  2019  and  more  than  a  half  have  chosen  to  report  more 
recent inventories with dates ranging from 2020 to 2021.  

•  Change  in  radioactive  waste  status  –  during  the  reporting  period  no  retrievals  of 
previously disposed radioactive waste were reported. However, some Member States 
plan in the future to recover previously disposed of radioactive waste, process and re-
dispose  of  it  in  existing  and/or  newly  constructed  disposal  facilities.  Re-disposal 
activities might affect the overall radioactive waste inventory as a result of subsequent 
retreatment and final disposal. There are already a few Member States which took the 
decision on remediation of disposal sites, thus their radioactive waste is considered as 
stored whilst awaiting retrieval. 

3. 

Sources of spent fuel and radioactive waste 

Radioactive waste is generated in all Member States of the European Union even though the 
quantities  are  very  small  in  non-nuclear  power  Member  States  compared  to  those  Member 
States operating nuclear power plants. Radioactive waste inventory in small countries usually 
consists of disused sealed radioactive sources or small amounts of orphan/legacy radioactive 
materials. Small volumes of radioactive waste are generated as a result of non-power uses of 
radioactive  materials,  such  as  the  manufacturing  of  radioactive  materials  for  use  in  medical 
and  industrial  applications,  or  research  facilities  such  as  laboratories,  and  research  reactors. 
Most  of  the  Member  States  operating  research  reactors  have  an  agreement  in  place  to  send 
back spent fuel to the suppliers.  

Page 6 of 48 

 
Most  of  the  radioactive  waste  come  from  nuclear  power  plants  and  associated  nuclear  fuel 
cycle activities, i.e., from conversion of uranium to fuel fabrication, to its use for electricity 
generation,  and  the  subsequent  reprocessing  of  spent  fuel.  In  the  third  national  report  17 
Member  States  have  declared  spent  fuel.  Some  of  those  Member  States  have  chosen  to 
reprocess  spent  fuel,  some  Member  States  have  chosen  the  once-through  fuel  cycle  option 
when  spent  fuel  will  be  directly  disposed  of  in  deep  geological  disposal.  A  few  Member 
States applied both approaches – part of their spent fuel  was reprocessed and the remaining 
part will be directly disposed of. Currently, spent fuel is stored in specialised storage facilities 
until  final  disposal  facilities  will  be  available.  Most  of  the  radioactive  waste,  in  terms  of 
activity is generated during operation of nuclear facilities. However, in terms of volume, most 
of the waste comes from decommissioning of nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities 
at the end of their useful lifetime, and it is mainly low-level waste.  

In some Member States waste from mining and milling of uranium is declared as radioactive 
waste. Usually, those activities generate significant amounts of waste.  Some Member States 
report such material as part of radioactive waste inventory, whereas others do not. Therefore, 
an aggregate estimate and comparison of inventories of waste containing naturally occurring 
radioactive  material  between  Member  States  or  compilation  of  an  overall  European  Union 
inventory (including NORM waste) is currently not possible and therefore outside the scope 
of this report. 

4. 

Classification of spent fuel and radioactive waste 

In line with Article 12(1)(c) of the Directive, Member States need to develop, as part of their 
national  programmes,  and  notify  to  the  Commission,  spent  fuel  and  radioactive  waste 
inventories in accordance with an appropriate classification. Correspondingly, Member States 
have  notified  their  national  programmes  and  third  national  reports  on  their  spent  fuel  and 
radioactive waste inventories based on radioactive waste classifications that may differ from 
one Member State to another. 

As  in  the  previous  report,  in  order  to  make  spent  fuel  and  radioactive  waste  inventories 
comparable among different Member States and in order to aggregate the overall inventory on 
the territory of the European Union, Member States’ inventories have been translated into a 
common  classification.  The  IAEA  GSG-1  classification  system  has  been  chosen  for  that 
purpose  in  order  to  facilitate  Member  States  reporting  to  various  international  organisations 
(e.g. IAEA) and instruments (e.g. Joint Convention). 

The categories of radioactive waste used for data aggregation are as follows: 

•  Very Low Level Waste (VLLW): waste that does not need a high level of containment 
and isolation and, therefore, is suitable for disposal in near surface landfill type facilities 
with limited regulatory control. 

Page 7 of 48 

 
•  Low Level Waste (LLW): waste that is above clearance levels, but with limited amounts 
of  long-lived  radionuclides.  Such  waste  requires  robust  isolation  and  containment  for 
periods  of  up  to  a  few  hundred  years  and  is  suitable  for  disposal  in  engineered  near 
surface facilities. This class covers a very broad range of waste. LLW may include short-
lived  radionuclides  at  higher  levels  of  activity  concentration,  and  also  long-lived 
radionuclides, but only at relatively low levels of activity concentration. 

•  Intermediate  Level  Waste  (ILW):  waste  that,  because  of  its  content,  particularly  of 
long-lived radionuclides, requires a greater degree of containment and isolation than that 
provided  by  near  surface  disposal.  However,  ILW  needs  no  provision,  or  only  limited 
provision,  for  heat  dissipation  during  its  storage  and  disposal.  ILW  may  contain  long-
lived  radionuclides,  in  particular,  alpha  emitting  radionuclides  that  will  not  decay  to  a 
level  of  activity  concentration  acceptable  for  near  surface  disposal  during  the  time  for 
which  institutional  controls  can  be  relied  upon.  Therefore,  waste  in  this  class  requires 
disposal at greater depths, of the order of tens of metres to a few hundred metres. 

•  High  Level  Waste  (HLW):  waste  with  levels  of  activity  concentration  high  enough  to 
generate  significant  quantities  of  heat  by  the  radioactive  decay  process  or  waste  with 
large  amounts  of  long-lived  radionuclides  that  need  to  be  considered  in  the  design  of  a 
disposal  facility  for  such  waste.  Disposal  in  deep,  stable  geological  formations,  usually 
several hundred metres or more, below the surface is the generally recognized option for 
disposal of HLW. 

Spent  fuel  (SF)  is  also  considered  in  its  entirety,  whether  it  might  be  intended  for 
reprocessing  or  awaiting  decision  for  future  long-term  management  (reprocessing  or 
disposal). 

In addition to the above-mentioned waste classes, IAEA GSG-1 classification system defines: 

•  Exempt  waste  with  concentrations  of  radionuclides  small  enough  to  not  require 
provisions  for  radiation  protection.  Such  material  can  be  cleared  from  regulatory 
control  and  does  not  require  any  further  consideration  from  a  regulatory  control 
perspective. 

•  Very short-lived waste  containing  only  very short half-life radionuclides, thus  such 
waste  can  be  stored  until  the  activity  has  fallen  beneath  the  levels  of  clearance, 
allowing for the cleared waste to be managed as conventional waste.  

The  latter  two  waste  classes  do  not  require  future  long-term  management  or  disposal  as 
radioactive waste due to their short-lifetime and/or levels allowing the exemption or clearance 
from  regulatory  control.  Accordingly,  exempt  waste  and  very  short-lived  waste  are  in  most 
cases not reported by Member States. Thus, these waste classes have not been used for data 
aggregation in the present document. 

Several Member States combine VLLW and LLW, or do not have a separate VLLW class. In 
the latter case, such material could be subject to clearance in accordance with the respective 
national  legislation.  Reflecting  the  disposal  routes,  several  Member  States  also  use  a 
combined  waste  class  “low  and  intermediate  level  waste”  (LILW).  Where  other  than  the 
IAEA  GSG-1  classification  system  is  used  for  reporting  by  Member  States,  a  conversion 

Page 8 of 48 

 
provided by the Member States is applied in this Report in order to achieve the transformation 
from the national to the IAEA classification systems. 

5. 

Current radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory in the European Union 

This section is dedicated to the presentation and analysis of the radioactive waste and spent 
fuel  inventory  present  in  the  Community's  territory  and  the  future  prospects  as  required  by 
Article 14(2)(b) of the Directive. The information used to compile this section was primarily 
collected from the third national reports and national programmes. The details on the national 
inventories  are  given  in  Annex  I  of  this  document.  The  first  Commission  report  contained 
information  on  the  radioactive  waste  disposed  of  at  sea  (Table  I.8  of  the  Staff  Working 
Document SWD(2017)161 final). As such disposal practices were prohibited by the London 
Convention that entered into force in 1975 and no new information emerged since publication 
of  the  first  Commission  report  –  information  on  radioactive  waste  disposed  of  at  sea  is 
excluded from this document. 

The  section  is  composed  of  two  parts  –  the  first  part  deals  with  the  radioactive  waste 
inventory and the second part is dedicated to the spent fuel inventory.  

Overall, inventory data reported in the third national reports are generally consistent with the 
data  provided  in  national  programmes  and  second  national  reports.  In  most  of  the  cases, 
national  reports  provided  sufficient  information  to  explain  non-typical  changes  in  the 
inventories  (e.g.  successful  volume  reduction  programmes  resulting  in  reduction  of  waste 
amounts  without  presence  of  disposal  activities).  However,  the  number  of  sources  of 
uncertainties previously listed in Section 2 of this document still remains an obstacle for the 
most complete and comprehensive reporting of national and EU inventory.  

The  future  prospects  of  the  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  inventory  present  in  the 
Community's territory are presented in Section 6.  

EU radioactive waste inventory 

The estimated total inventory of radioactive waste on the European Union territory at the end 
of  2019  was  2 334 000 m3.  Approximately  66%  of  this  waste  was  already  disposed  of 
(1 552 000 m3) and 34% (782 000 m3) was still in storage and will have to be managed in the 
future.  Compared  to  the  2016  radioactive  waste  inventory  there  is  a  5%  increase  of  total 
radioactive  waste  volumes,  compared  to  an  8.5%  total  radioactive  waste  inventory  increase 
from 2013 to 2016. 

Table  1  summarizes  the  overall  amounts  of  radioactive  waste  in  the  European  Union  with 
comparison to previous reporting (i.e. evolution since 2016).  

Page 9 of 48 

 
 
Table 1. Volumes of radioactive waste in the European Union, end 2019. 

Waste  

Category 

EU RAW Amounts (m3, rounded to thousands10) 
Disposed 

Total 

Stored 

Year 

2016* 

2019 

2016* 

2019 

2016* 

2019 

VLLW 

233 000 

233 000 

369 000 

462 000 

601 000 

695 000 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 
Total (m3) 

381 000 

353 000 

1 039 000  1 068 000  1 420 000  1 421 000 

178 000 

191 000 

12 000 

22 000 

190 000 

213 000 

4 500 

4 800 

0 

0 

4 500 

4 800 

796 000 

782 000 

1 420 000  1 552 000  2 216 000  2 334 000 

* Inventory 2016 refers to 27 Member States without United Kingdom.  

Figure 1. Distribution of the RAW in the EU between stored and disposed of by waste class 
at the end of 2016 and 2019. 

Figure  1  and  Figure  2  provide  information  on  the  distribution  of  radioactive  waste  in  the 
European  Union  by  waste  class  and  by  management  phase.  As  it  can  be  seen  from  those 
figures, the distribution of radioactive waste by class has not changed significantly compared 

10  

Except for HLW, which is rounded to hundreds. 

Page 10 of 48 

 
 
 
to  2016. As in previous reporting, LLW  still  remains as  the dominating waste class making 
60.9% of the overall waste amount, while VLLW and ILW is estimated at a 29.8% and 9.1% 
share respectively (see Figure 3). HLW makes by far the smallest fraction of the overall waste 
volume, accounting for less than 0.2% (all HLW is kept in storage).  

Figure 2. Distribution of the total RAW in the EU between stored and disposed of at the end 
of 2016 and 2019. 

Figure 3. Distribution of the total RAW in the EU by waste category at the end of 2016 and 
2019. 

Even though LLW dominates radioactive waste inventory, two specific points should be taken 
into consideration: 

- some Member States do not have separate VLLW class as defined in IAEA GSG-1 waste 
classification scheme. In such cases all the VLLW is reported as part of LLW waste class; 

Page 11 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
-  some  Member  States  do  not  register  (partially  or  completely)  VLLW  amounts  in  their 
national inventory. 

Both  above-mentioned  issues  lead  to  a  situation  where  VLLW  amounts  are  underestimated 
and LLW overestimated.  

The total quantity of the disposed radioactive waste as of end 2019 equals to 1 552 000 m3. 
This  is  approximately  66%  of  total  RAW  and  it  consists  mainly  of  LLW,  i.e.  69%  of  the 
disposed of radioactive waste is LLW. However, due to the non-inclusion of VLLW disposals 
to the national inventories (i.e. this waste is classified and disposed as LLW) of some Member 
States  the  actual  fraction  of  disposed  of  LLW  volumes  could  be  significantly  lower.  At  the 
end of 2019, 66% of the total VLLW volume was reported as disposed of and the amount of 
VLLW disposed of had steadily increased. At the same time, 75% of LLW was reported as 
disposed  of.  Few  Member  States  reported  small  amounts  of  ILW  disposed  of  (1.4%  of  the 
total  disposed  of  waste).  In  most  of  the  cases  ILW  was  disposed  of  as  a  result  of  past 
practices. Some Member States due to safety concerns are planning to retrieve ILW and re-
dispose of it in new disposal facilities.  

The total volume of stored radioactive waste in 2019 was 782 000 m3. LLW makes almost 
half  of  this  amount  (45.1%),  while  VLLW  and  ILW  make  29.8%  and  24.4%,  respectively. 
HLW  fraction  in  the  overall  radioactive  waste  in  storage  is  0.6%  and  it  remains  unchanged 
since  the  previous  reporting.  Distribution  of  stored  RAW  by  class  for  2019  is  shown  in 
Figure 4  together  with  2016  values  for  comparison.  As  in  the  previous  cases,  the  change 
between two periods is fairly small. 

Figure 4. Distribution of stored radioactive waste in the European Union by class,  
end of 2016 (796 000 m3) and 2019 (782 000 m3). 

Page 12 of 48 

 
 
 
 
There are significant differences in the amounts of stored radioactive waste between Member 
States  with  and  without  nuclear  power  programmes11.  Figure  5  presents  this  at  aggregated 
level  for  all  RAW  classes.  At  aggregate  level,  15  EU  Member  States  with  nuclear  power 
programme have accounted for 99.5% of the total radioactive waste volume generated in the 
EU compared to 0.5% generated by 12 Member States without nuclear power programme. It 
can  be  clearly  seen  that  Member  States  without  nuclear  power  programmes  (even  with 
research reactors) are contributing very little to the overall European Union radioactive waste 
inventory. Figure 5 shows volumes of radioactive waste in storage by class in Member States 
with and without nuclear power programme.  

Figure 5. Volumes of stored radioactive waste by class in Member States with and without a 
nuclear power programme, end of 2016 and 2019. 

Radioactive waste inventory - trends in the EU 

Evolution  of  the  total  amount  of  radioactive  waste  (Table  2),  radioactive  waste  in  storage 
(Table  3)  and  radioactive  waste  which  has  been  disposed  of  (Table  4)  is  based  on  the  data 
from  the  previous  Commission  reports  published  in  2017  (inventory  data  from  2013),  2019 
(inventory data 2016) and on the current data from the third national reports (inventory data 
2019).  

11  

For the purposes of this report,  those Member States that have nuclear power reactors on their territory 
either operational or shut down are indicated as Member States with a nuclear power programme. 

Page 13 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2. Evolution of total radioactive waste inventory since 2013. 

Waste 
Category 

VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

Total 

Total amount (m3, rounded to thousands12) 
2016* 

2013* 

2019 

515 000  

601 000  

696 000  

1 345 000  

1 420 000  

1 420 000  

185 000  

4 300  

190 000  

4 500  

213 000  

4 800  

2 049 000  

2 216 000  

2 334 000  

* Inventory from 2013 and 2016 refers to 27 Member States without United Kingdom. 

Figure 6 presents radioactive waste inventory evolution for the period 2013-2019. There are 
no significant changes since the first Commission report. VLLW volume as well as a fraction 
of disposed of waste steadily increased. LLW still remains dominant waste class in terms of 
total volume and disposal rate. 

2 500 000

2 000 000

1 500 000

1 000 000

3

m

,
e
m
u
l
o
V

73%

73%

75%

Disposed

Stored

 500 000

54%

6.5%

  0

W
L
L
V

W
L
L

W
L
I

W
L
H

61%

W
L
L
V

66%

6.3%

W
L
L

W
L
I

W
L
H

W
L
L
V

W
L
L

10%

W
L
I

W
L
H

2013

|                      2016              

|                      2019

Figure 6. Evolution of total radioactive waste volumes since the end of 2013 
(with the percentage of waste disposed of indicated). 

Normalized  RAW  amounts  from  tables  are  also  presented  in  figures  to  allow  easier  trend 
observation  (see  Figure  7,  Figure  8  and  Figure  9).  Normalization  allows  to  better  present 
together  RAW  categories  with  huge  differences  in  values  but  it  also  removes  information 
about  relative  share.  In  all  RAW  categories  steady  increase  of  total  volume  over  time  is 
noticeable. 

12  

Except for HLW, which is rounded to hundreds. 

Page 14 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The overall evolution of radioactive waste generated in the European Union (normalized sum 
of radioactive waste both stored and disposed) until the end of 2019 is shown in Figure 7.  

VLLW

LLW

ILW

HLW

e
m
u
l
o
v
d
e
z
i
l
a
m
r
o
N

1,50

1,40

1,30

1,20

1,10

1,00

0,90

2013

2016

2019

Figure 7. Normalized13 evolution of RAW volumes in the EU (both stored and disposed).  

The  evolution  of  the  stored  radioactive  waste  volumes  (per  waste  category)  is  presented  in 
Table 3.  

Table 3. Evolution of stored radioactive waste in the 2013-2019 period. 

Waste 
Category 

VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

Total 

Stored amount (m3, rounded to thousands14) 
2016* 

2013* 

2019 

236 000 

358 000 

173 000 

4 300 

771 000 

233 000 

381 000 

178 000 

4 500 

797 000 

233 000 

353 000 

191 000 

4 800 

782 000 

* Inventory from 2013 and 2016 refers to 27 Member States without United Kingdom. 

There  are  currently  no  operational  deep  geological  disposal  facilities  for  ILW  and  HLW. 
Consequently,  the  amounts  of  stored  ILW  and  HLW  are  steadily  increasing  over  time.  The 
amounts of VLLW and LLW in storage are affected by differences in generation and disposal 
rates.  During  different  time  periods,  their  respective  amounts  in  storage  may  therefore 
increase  or  decrease.  The  volume  of  stored  VLLW  and  LLW  is  rather  stable  and  has  not 
changed  significantly  since  2013.  This  shows  that  the  disposal  rate  of  VLLW  and  LLW  is 

13  
14  

The chart shows relative change of radioactive waste volumes over the time since 2013. 
Except for HLW, which is rounded to hundreds. 

Page 15 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
aligned  with  the  generation  rate  of  the  radioactive  waste.  Figure  8  presents  graphically 
normalised stored RAW categories for all reporting periods. 

VLLW
LLW
ILW
HLW

1,20

1,10

1,00

0,90

2013

2016

2019

Figure 8. Normalised15 evolution of stored RAW amounts in EU since 2013. 

e
m
u
l
o
v
d
e
z
i
l
a
m
r
o
N

Table  4  shows  the  evolution  of  radioactive  waste  disposal  over  time.  Steady  increase  of 
disposed  VLLW  and  LLW  since  2013  can  be  seen,  confirming  proper  functioning  and 
capacities of disposal systems.  

Table 4. Evolution of radioactive waste disposals in the 2013-2019 period 

Waste 
Category 

VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

Total 

Disposed of amount (m3, rounded to thousands) 
2016* 

2013* 

2019 

279 000 

987 000 

12 000 

0 

369 000 

1 039 000 

12 000 

0 

462 000 

1 068 000 

22 000 

0 

1 279 000 

1 420 000 

1 552 000 

* Inventory from 2013 and 2016 refers to 27 Member States without United Kingdom. 

From Table 4 it can be also seen that some Member States are disposing of ILW. However, 
this  is  not  yet  widespread  practice.  These  disposals,  in  accordance  with  the  IAEA 
classification,  consist  mainly  of  highly  active  disused  radioactive  sealed  sources  containing 
short-lived  radionuclides.  Approximately  95%  of  ILW  is  still  kept  in  storage  and  pending 
proper  disposal  facilities.  Figure  9  presents  graphically  normalised  disposal  of  VLLW  and 
LLW waste since 2013. 

15  

The  chart shows relative change  of radioactive waste volumes over the time in comparison to the 2013 
volumes. 

Page 16 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
VLLW

LLW

1,8

1,6

1,4

1,2

1

1

0,8

2013

e
m
u
l
o
v
d
e
z
i
l
a
m
r
o
N

1,053

2016

1.095

2019

Figure 9. Normalised16 evolution of VLLW and LLW disposal amounts in EU since 2013. 

Overall, the situation remains broadly unchanged compared to the one described in the 1st and 
2nd  Commission  reports.  Approximately  25%  of  the  LLW  amount  generated  is  kept  in 
storage. There is no systematic increase in the amounts in storage between 2013 and 2019 and 
the overall LLW amount of waste generated and disposed of is generally in equilibrium. LLW 
disposal  is  dominated  by  Member  States  with  large  LLW  inventories  (primarily  France), 
whereas several Member States with smaller inventories do not yet dispose of their LLW. For 
ILW the situation is very different. In 2019, approximately 10% of the total ILW volume was 
disposed  of  as  reported,  and  in  some  cases  such  ILW  will  be  retrieved  as  current  disposal 
facilities  do  not  meet  present  safety  requirements.  There  is  a  steady  increase  in  ILW  in 
storage. 

For HLW and spent  fuel  declared as waste, the first  facility for disposal of such material  is 
expected  around 2024 in Finland, with  other  facilities  in  France  (around  2035) and Sweden 
(around  2030).  Therefore,  one  should  expect  that  the  amounts  of  HLW  and  spent  fuel  in 
storage will increase steadily in line with their generation. 

Currently, twelve Member States have radioactive waste disposal facilities either in operation 
or closed (nuclear power programme countries:  Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, 
Hungary,  Romania,  Slovakia,  Spain,  Sweden;  non-nuclear  programme  countries:  Latvia, 
Poland and Portugal). Based on the information from the national programmes and reports it 
is expected that more repositories will be built in the coming years.  

A  number  of  Member  States  (both  with  and  without  nuclear  power  plants)  have  dedicated 
disposal  sites  for  institutional  radioactive  waste.  In  some  cases,  the  disposal  of  waste 

16  

The chart shows relative change factors of radioactive waste volumes over the time in comparison to the 
2013 (VLLW and LLW).  

Page 17 of 48 

 
 
 
 
undertaken in  the past  at  several  sites is  now being reconsidered and there are plans for the 
retrieval of the waste disposed of several decades ago. Consequently, a change of radioactive 
waste inventories can be expected after retrieval for processing and subsequent storage and/or 
disposal. 

The  reports  since  2013  present  the  status  of  RAW  inventory  for  all  Member  States.  The 
amounts of RAW are presented according to their management phase and four RAW classes. 
Because of the mentioned difference in scale, the presentation is separate for Member States 
with and without nuclear power programme. 

There are fifteen European Union Member States that operate or have operated nuclear power 
plants.  Member  states  with  nuclear  power  programmes  together  account  for  99.5  %  of  the 
radioactive  waste  inventory  in  the  European  Union.  The  share  of  the  total  RAW  in  2019 
between Member States with nuclear power programme is presented in Figure 10.  

Figure 10. Distribution of total volumes of radioactive waste (2 334 000 m3) in Member 
States with nuclear power programme, end of 201917. 

Overating  the  largest  fleet  of  nuclear  power  plants,  France  is  clearly  dominating  with  the 
largest  volumes  of  radioactive  waste  (72%  of  the  total  radioactive  waste  in  Member  States 
with nuclear power programme). The Member State with the next highest share is Germany 
with  9.9%.  The  total  volume  of  radioactive  waste  in  those  Member  States  is  shown 
individually in Figure 11 (with indicated stored and disposed of amounts in 2016 and 2019). 

17   Member States’ (MS) abbreviations in this report are as follows: Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Bulgaria 
(BG),  Croatia  (HR),  Cyprus  (CY),  Czech  Republic  (CZ),  Denmark  (DK),  Estonia  (EE),  Finland  (FI), 
France (FR), Germany (DE), Greece (EL), Hungary (HU), Ireland (IE), Italy (IT), Latvia (LV), Lithuania 
(LT), Luxembourg (LU), Malta (MT), The Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Romania (RO), 
Slovakia (SK), Slovenia (SI), Spain (ES) and Sweden (SE). 

Page 18 of 48 

 
 
 
Figure 11. Volumes of RAW in the 15 Member States with nuclear power programme, end 
of 2016 and 2019. 

Twelve Member States have no nuclear power programme, although six of them are operating or 
have operated  research, training or  demonstration  nuclear  reactors.  The  distribution of the  total 
volume  of  radioactive  waste  among  the  Member  States  without  nuclear  power  programme  is 
shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13 with information on stored and disposed of amounts for 2016 
and 2019. 

Figure 12. Distribution of total volumes of RAW in Member States without nuclear power 
programme, end of 2019 (HR, LU, CY, IE and MT have together 0.1%). 

Page 19 of 48 

 
 
 
Figure 13. Volume of RAW in Member States without nuclear power programme, end of 
2016 and 2019. 

Member  States  with  nuclear  power  programmes  are  primary  contributors  to  the  overall 
radioactive waste inventory of the European Union. The radioactive waste amounts are in line 
with the extent of the respective nuclear programmes. Amounts of stored radioactive waste in 
Member States with  nuclear power programmes  are shown in  Figure 14  for 2016 and 2019 
with information on amounts of all RAW classes. 

Page 20 of 48 

 
 
 
Figure 14. Volumes of stored RAW by class in Member States with nuclear power 
programmes, end of 2016 and 2019. 

The amounts of stored radioactive waste for Member States which are without nuclear power 
programme  are  shown  in  Figure  15  for  2016  and  2019  with  information  on  amounts  of  all 
RAW classes. 

Page 21 of 48 

 
 
 
Figure 15. Volumes of stored RAW by class in MSs without nuclear power programme, end 
of 2016 and 2019. 

The  distribution  of  the  disposed  of  radioactive  waste  is  presented  in  Figure  16  for  all  27 
Member  States  regardless  of  whether  or  not  they  have  a  nuclear  power  programme  with 
information on amounts of all RAW classes for 2016 and 2019 for comparison. None of HLW 
waste was disposed of in any Member State until this reporting period. 

Page 22 of 48 

 
 
 
 
Figure 16. Volumes of radioactive waste disposed of in the European Union,  
end of 2016 and 2019. 

Spent fuel inventory 

Based  on  the  Member  State  strategy,  spent  fuel  is  stored  pending  either  disposal  or 
reprocessing.  During  reprocessing,  uranium  and  plutonium  are  recovered,  with  additional 
generation of radioactive waste (mainly HLW and ILW). As there are no operational disposal 
facilities  for  this  kind  of  radioactive  waste,  it  is  currently  stored  until  disposal  facilities 
become available. 

At  the  end  of  2019  approximately  54  700  tHM  of  spent  fuel  were  stored  in  the  European 
Union territory (about 5% increase from 2016 and 12% increase since 2013) and about 900 
tHM  of  spent  fuel  (about  1.5%)  were  shipped  for  reprocessing  outside  the  European  Union 
with the expected returns of resulting radioactive waste from reprocessing. In total this results 
in  approximately  55 600 tHM  of  spent  fuel.  These  amounts  include  both  spent  fuel  coming 
from power and non-power (e.g. research, medical isotope production) reactors.  

Page 23 of 48 

 
 
Figure 17. Spent fuel in storage at the end of 2016 and 2019. 

Most recent reported amounts of spent fuel stored at each Member States are shown in Figure 
17  together  with  values  from  2016  for  comparison.  Some  Member  States  have  smaller 
inventories of spent fuel (or none) in storage than that generated by the nuclear power plants 
because  part  of  it  or  all  of  it  has  been  reprocessed.  Countries  with  neither  past  nor  current 
reprocessing have however comparably high spent fuel inventories. An increase of the spent 
fuel mass is visible in all Member States. The percentage share of spent fuel between Member 
States is presented in Figure 18. 

Page 24 of 48 

 
 
 
 
Figure 18. Member States' share of the overall spent fuel inventory in the European Union 
at the end of 2019. 

Given that today there is no disposal route yet available for spent fuel (first disposal facility to 
become operational in 2025) and that not all Member States have their spent fuel reprocessed, 
a continual increase of spent fuel in storage is observed (see Table 5 and Figure 19). 

M
H
t

,
s
l
a
t
e
m
y
v
a
e
h
f
o
s
s
a
M

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

 0

49 800

52 700

55 600

2013

2016

2019

Figure 19. Evolution of spent fuel in storage in Member States since 2013. 

Page 25 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. 

Projections of radioactive waste and spent fuel  

The  Staff  Working  Document  on  the  EU  Inventory  (SWD(2017)161)  informed  that 
projections  of  radioactive  waste  inventories  in  Member  States  differed  in  the  level  of  detail 
and  time  frames  provided  and  several  Member  States  had  not  provided  any  or  sufficiently 
detailed estimates of their future inventory of spent fuel and/or radioactive waste, particularly 
regarding new builds and decommissioning. Therefore, at that time it was not possible for the 
Commission  to  forecast  future  total  EU  inventories.  In  the  second  national  reports  Member 
States improved reporting of the future projections compared to the first national reports and 
this allowed for the first time to prepare an EU forecast for 2030. In the third national reports 
some Member States provided updated inventory forecasts. 

It has to be stressed that all uncertainties previously mentioned in Section 2 are significantly 
larger  for  future  predictions.  Due  to  limitations  of  the  reported  inventory  data  only  an 
estimation  of  short-term  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  projection  for  2030  was  possible. 
The  majority  of  Member  States  provided  estimates  of  their  future  inventories  for  2050. 
However, due to the unavailability of such inventory forecast data from some large Member 
States, it was still not possible to establish an overall EU inventory long-term forecast.  

The  majority  of  Member  States  reported  their  inventory  projections  for  2030  and  2050.  In 
addition to the inventory projections for specific dates few Member States reported long-term 
estimations  of  overall  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  generation  from  the  existing  nuclear 
facilities (including decommissioning of those facilities). 

Estimated  EU  radioactive  waste  and  spent  fuel  inventory  for  2030  is  presented  in  Table  5. 
Data reported by individual Member States are given in Annex I of this document.  

The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is becoming an increasingly important activity 
for the European nuclear industry due to the ageing of the reactor fleet. This has an important 
impact on the amounts of radioactive waste generated, especially on very low level waste and 
low  level  waste,  and  should  therefore  be  taken  into  account  when  planning  disposal  and 
storage facilities. As it can be seen from Figure 20 it is expected that the total VLLW volumes 
will almost double by 2030 compared to the current amounts and that a significant increase of 
LLW is expected as well. The current amounts of LLW make up 72% of the expected LLW 
amounts  in  2030  (or  a  38%  increase  from  the  current  level).  The  main  contributors  to  this 
increase are Member States with large nuclear power programmes. 

For  ILW  and  HLW,  safe  and  responsible  management  is  challenging  in  terms  of  the 
availability  of  sufficient  long-term  storage  capacity  and  the  development  of  sustainable 
disposal solutions. It is expected that by 2030 ILW will increase by approximately 21%. The 
biggest part of this increase will come from decommissioning activities. An HLW increase by 
about 67% will result from the reprocessing of spent fuel (mostly in France).  

Page 26 of 48 

 
 
Table 5. Estimated future amounts of RAW in the EU MSs for 2030 

Future RAW and SF amount estimates (m3, rounded to thousands18) 

VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

SF 

2019 

2030 

695 000 

1 421 000 

1 204 000 

1 971 000 

213 000 

258 000 

4 800 

8 000 

55 600 

67 100 

Figure  20.  Estimation  of  radioactive  waste  generation  by  2030  compared  to  current 
inventory 

18  

Except for HLW and spent fuel, which is rounded to hundreds. 

Page 27 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 21. Volumes of total radioactive waste in the European Union, end of 2019 and 2030 

With  regards  to  spent  fuel,  an  increase  from  the  current  volume  of  55  600  tHM  to  67  100 
tHM  in  2030  is  estimated.  It  has  to  be  noted  that  the  majority  of  Member  States  have  not 
reported inventories from the new build. It is expected that by 2030 the spent fuel inventory 
will  increase  by  approximately  10%.  As  some  Member  States  proceed  with  spent  fuel 
reprocessing – the actual increase does not represent the actual amount of spent fuel removed 
from the reactors. Part of the spent fuel is sent for reprocessing outside the European Union 
and it is expected that around 1100 m3 of radioactive waste from spent fuel reprocesing will 
be returned to the EU by 2030. 

Page 28 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex I: 

Spent fuel and radioactive waste inventory data 

"-"   in  the  tables  below  means  no  data  was  received  from  the  Member  State  or  no  such 

practice exists 

"0"  in the table means that the data with value "0" was received from the Member State 

Table I.1. Overall European Union radioactive waste inventory and future prospects as 
of the end of 2019 

2019 
Volume, 
m3 
- 

Decom. 

2030 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
- 

2050 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
Share, m3 
- 

- 

- 

- 

2 440 

1 030 

3 050 

1 930 

3 620 

2 390 

Total  RAW 

MS 

Category 

Austria 

VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

Belgium 

LLW 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Cyprus 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

60 
- 
- 

16 076 

9 288 

70 
7 894 
20 110 
10 
0 
- 

7.53 

3.81 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Czech 
Republic 

LLW 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 

Denmark 

14 355.7 

9 290 

0 
- 
1 200 

Other 
Volume, m3 
[Date, year] 
- 
3600 
[2045] 

date 
Decom. 
Share, m3 

- 
2390 
[2045] 

60 [2045]  30 [2045] 

- 
- 
53 500 
[2130] 
8 700 
[2130] 
140 [2130] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1237 [2023] 
1510 [2043] 
2930 [2058] 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 [2023] 
0 [2043] 
1421 
[2058] 
- 

70 [2058]  70 [2058] 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
146 000 
[2085]- 
7 253 
[2085] 
0 [2085] 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
83 000 
[2085]- 
2 829 t 
[2085] 
0 [2085] 
- 
- 

30 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

0 

0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

60 
- 
- 

31 100 

7 500 

70 
42 000 
90 200 
10 
1 100 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
<1 
- 
- 
- 

30 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

60 
- 
- 

53 600 

9 200 

137 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
<1 
- 
- 
- 

30 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

17 600 

11 000 

32 800 

23 200 

2 850 

1 500 

4 200 t 
- 
1 926 

4 200 t 
- 
- 

2 500 

41 
- 
3 162 

150 

0 
- 
- 

Page 29 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total  RAW 

MS 

Category 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 

VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

Estonia 

Finland 

France 

2019 
Volume, 
m3 
1 831 
- 
- 
1 012.1 
19.5 
- 
204 
8 232 
4 087 
0 

570 351 

961 389 

136 327 

HLW 
VLLW 

4 086 

- 

205 718* 

22 858* 

570 
94 
15.08 
0.93 
- 
3 215 
8 038 
5 273 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Germany 

LLW 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 

VLLW 

Decom. 

2030 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
9 949 
- 
- 
1 112.2 
65.45 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2050 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
Share, m3 
9 949 
- 
- 
2 024 
801.6 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
650 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
28 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
0 
0 
0 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

970 000 

1 200 000 

160 000 

5 700 

- 

300 816.9 

33 424 

700 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3 671 
9 178 
6 073 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

345 816.9 

38 424 

700 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4 650 
11 625 
7 715 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

13 388 

1 160 

31 152 

17 807 

37 727 

24 381 

Italy 

LLW 

15 279 

980 

31 435 

15 466 

35 773 

18 651 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 

7 172 

380 

12 073 

4 356 

14 425 

6 708 

34.4 
0 
840.64 
52.97 
0 

- 
0 
0 
0 
0 

273 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

273 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Latvia 

Page 30 of 48 

Other 
Volume, m3 
[Date, year] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 600 000 
[2040] 
1 500 000 
[2040] 
170 000 
[2040] 
6 900 
[2040] 
- 
350 316.9 
[2080] 
38 924 
[2080] 
700 [2080] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
37 727 
[2065] 
36 639 
[2065] 
14 425 
[2065] 
273 [2065] 
- 
- 
- 
- 

date 
Decom. 
Share, m3 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
930 000 
[2040] 
420 000 
[2040] 
31 000 
[2040] 

0 [2040] 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
24 381 
[2065] 
18 651 
[2065] 
6 708 
[2065] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

 
 
 
 
Total  RAW 

MS 

Category 

Lithuania 

Luxem-
bourg 

Malta  

The 
Netherlan
ds  

Poland 

Portugal 
** 

Romania 

VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 

VLLW 

2019 
Volume, 
m3 
7 000 
27 000 
180 
- 
- 
0.1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

12 236 

- 
100.2 
1 091 
2 785 
218 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
437 
3 542.1 
70.07 
0.12 

9 351.4 

Slovakia 

LLW 

26 831.3 

187.8 

- 
- 

2 382 

35 
- 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 
HLW 

VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

Slovenia 

Spain 

Decom. 

2030 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
25 400 
54 267 
3 750 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2050 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
Share, m3 
53 500 
74 232 
7 500 
- 
- 
0.1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
0 
0 
0 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
1 280 
4 800 
491 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
100 
3 948.1 
218.9 
0.02 

- 

- 
- 
0 
0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
30 000 
15 000 
2543 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
225 
8 002.3 
490 
0.05 

- 

- 
- 
0 
0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 500 
10 
0.05 

29 000 

29 000 

29 000 

29 000 

38 512 

24 648 

44 644 

25 136 

1 200 

1 187 

1 900 

1 887 

- 
- 

2 972 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Other 
Volume, m3 
[Date, year] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
70 000 
[2130] 
267 [2130] 
133 [2130] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
29 000 
[2040] 
41 894 
[2040] 
1 900 
[2040] 
- 
- 
3 342 
[2040] 
- 
- 
126 200 
[2090] 
95 100 
[2090] 
6 100 
[2090] 

date 
Decom. 
Share, m3 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
29 000 
[2040] 
25 136 
[2040] 
1 887 
[2040] 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
94 500 
[2090] 
46 700 
[2090] 
1 350 
[2090] 

27 094 

13 987 

45 000 

25 000 

121 300 

94 100 

41 017 

3 969 

56 000 

10 000 

93 900 

46 700 

200 

185 

300 

200 

2 700 

700 

Page 31 of 48 

 
 
 
 
Total  RAW 

MS 

Category 

2019 
Volume, 
m3 
13 

HLW 
VLLW  33 150 
49 650 
LLW 
11 750 
ILW 
0 
HLW 

Decom. 

2030 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
13 
54 000 
90 000 
12 000 
- 

2050 
Share, m3  Volume, m3  Decom. 
Share, m3 
13 
54 000 
145 000 
15 000 
- 

0 
- 
- 
- 
- 

0 
- 
- 
- 
- 

0 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Other 
Volume, m3 
[Date, year] 
13 [2090] 
- 
- 
- 
- 

date 
Decom. 
Share, m3 

0 [2090] 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Sweden 

* 

Indicated  LLW  and  ILW  amounts  include  19  401t  of  unconditioned  non-heat  generating  waste.  For 
aggregation purposes Commission Services assumed 1t = 1m3 (numbers not verified by Germany). 

** 

Information reported in the 3rd national report insufficient to establish national inventory. 

Page 32 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table I.2. Spent fuel stored on Member States' territory 

SF in Storage on a MS territory, tHM 

Country 

2019 

2030 

2050 

Other date 
(Mass/date) 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria* 

Croatia** 

Cyprus 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 958 

4100 

4100 

4 100 [2130] 

955.7 

1 486 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Czech Republic 

2 042 

2913 

5268 

9910 [>2085] 

Denmark 

Estonia 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Latvia 

0.233 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 261 

3 154 

4 169 

- 

- 

- 

14 018 

15 457 

- 

16 956 [2040] 

9 115 

10 110 

10 110 

0 

- 

- 

1 397 

2 137 

3 342 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

15.837 

2.95 

2.95 

2.95 [2065] 

- 

- 

- 

Lithuania 

2 416 

2 416 

2 416 

Luxembourg 

Malta 

The Netherlands 

Poland 

Portugal 

Romania 

Slovakia 

- 

- 

10 m3 

0.228 

0 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 500 

- 

3 420.1 

5 795 

14 383 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 744 

1 919 

2 991 

2 439 [2040] 

Slovenia** 

529 

685 

- 

842 [2040] 

Spain 

Sweden 

5 502 

7 445 

7 445 

7 445 [2090] 

7 291 

9 500 

12 000 

- 

Amounts do not include 917 tHM of spent fuel shipped for reprocessing to the Russian 

* 
Federation. 

**  Spent fuel reported by Slovenia to be shared equally by Croatia and Slovenia. 

Page 33 of 48 

 
 
 
 
Table I.3. Conditioned radioactive waste stored on Member States’ territory 

Stored conditioned RAW (Estimated volume for disposal, m3) 

Country 

RAW 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Cyprus 

Czech 
Republic 

Denmark 

Estonia 

Finland 

France 

VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

2019 
- 
2 440 
60 
- 
- 
16 076 
9 288 
70 
3 572 
12 642 
0 
0 
- 
7.5 
3.8 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 012.1 
19.5 
- 
204 
1 691 
1 970 
- 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW  173 997 
89 246 
LLW 
136 327 
ILW 
4 086 

HLW 

2030 
- 
3 050 
60 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3 600 
350 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2050 
- 
3 620 
60 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3 600 
350 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Volume [Date] 
- 
3600 [2045] 
60 [2045] 
- 
- 
53 500 [2130] 
8 700 [2130] 
140 [2130] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Page 34 of 48 

 
Stored conditioned RAW (Estimated volume for disposal, m3) 

Country 

RAW 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Luxembourg 

Malta 

The 
Netherlands 

Poland 

VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 

2019 
- 
112 441 
12 493 
570 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3 144 
3 434 
1 252 
- 
0 
53 
5 
0 
13 100 
380 
180 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
12 236 
- 
100.2 
19 
1 161 

2030 
- 
198 000 
22 740 
700 
- 
- 
- 
- 
118 
295 
182 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
28 322 
28 665 
12 073 
273 
0 
64 
5 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
50 
900 

Page 35 of 48 

2050 
- 
- 
- 
700 
- 
- 
- 
- 
131 
328 
222 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3 039 
2 085 
14 425 
273 
0 
64 
5 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
45 000 
15 000 

Volume [Date] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 [2065] 
0 [2065] 
14 425 [2065] 
273 [2065] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
70 000 [2130] 
267 [2130] 
133 [2130] 
- 
- 

 
Stored conditioned RAW (Estimated volume for disposal, m3) 

Country 

RAW 

ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 

Portugal* 

Romania 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

Spain 

Sweden 

2019 
206 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
48.62 
0.826 
- 
- 
2 311 
18 
- 
7 700 
6 100 
200 
13 
5 250 
9 750 
11 750 
0 

2030 
480 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 000 
285 
0 
0 
1 600 
1 200 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
6 000 
10 000 
300 
13 
2 000 
30 000 
12 000 
0 

2050 
2 543 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 600 
1 075 
0 
0 
1 000 
1 900 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4 000 
1 200 
2 700 
13 
0 
5 000 
10 000 
- 

Volume [Date] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 400 [2040] 
1 900 [2040] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 [2100] 
0 [2100] 
0 [2100] 
0 [2100] 
- 
- 
- 
- 

*   All waste declared as disposed of.  

Page 36 of 48 

 
 
 
 
Table I.4. Unconditioned radioactive waste stored on Member States’ territory 

2019 

2030 

2050 

Volume 
RAW 

Stored unconditioned RAW (volume, m3 / or mass, t) 
Estimated 
disposal 
volume 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4 322 
7 468 
10 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Volume 
[Date] 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Country 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Cyprus 

Czech 
Republic 

Denmark 

Estonia 

Finland 

France 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4 322 
7 468 
3 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
322t,  
1 138.7 
134.9 
- 
- 
1 200 
1 831 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

63 000 [2085] 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4 424 [2085] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Page 37 of 48 

 
Country 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Luxembourg 

Malta 

The 
Netherlands 

2019 

2030 

2050 

Volume 
RAW 

- 
- 
17 460t 
1 940t 
- 

Stored unconditioned RAW (volume, m3 / or mass, t) 
Estimated 
disposal 
volume 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 974 
4 935 
3 411 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
10 243 
10 845 
5 962 
- 
- 
4.64 
12.97 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW  93.84** 
14.08*** 
LLW 
0.93 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
2 020 
VLLW 
5 051 
LLW 
3 334 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
- 
VLLW 
- 
LLW 
- 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
10 928 
VLLW 
9 087 
LLW 
1 817 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
- 
VLLW 
4.64 
LLW 
12.97 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
- 
VLLW 
14 422 
LLW 
15 440 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
- 
VLLW 
- 
LLW 
- 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
- 
VLLW 
- 
LLW 
- 
ILW 
- 
HLW 
- 
VLLW 
- 
LLW 
- 
ILW 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
849 
2 122 
1 432 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
18 
26.95 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
0 
218 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
48 
31.95 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Volume 
[Date] 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Page 38 of 48 

 
Country 

Poland 

Portugal* 

Romania 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

Spain 

Sweden 

2019 

2030 

2050 

Volume 
RAW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

Stored unconditioned RAW (volume, m3 / or mass, t) 
Estimated 
disposal 
volume 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
447 
- 
- 
850 
9352 
7580 
109 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
447 
1 257.1 
76.7 
0.12 
9351.4 
9887.63 
177.144 
- 
- 
104.6 
17 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7 425 
494.58 
- 
- 
1400 
2096 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 951 
216.2 
- 
- 
2765 
1368 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 

Volume 
[Date] 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

* 

** 

All waste declared as disposed of.  

Including legacy waste. 

*** 

Including graphite waste. 

Page 39 of 48 

 
 
 
 
Table I.5. Radioactive waste disposed of on Member States’ territory 

Disposed RAW (Volume as disposed, m3) 

Country 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Cyprus 

Czech 
Republic 

Denmark 

Estonia 

Finland 

France 

RAW 

VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 

ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

VLLW 

LLW 

2019 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

12 895 

9 155 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 

6 541 

2 117 

0 

396 354 

872 143 

2030 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2050 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

14 000 

29 200 

2 500 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 300 

8 761 

8 278 

- 

- 

- 

2 000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
6 900 

10 661 

9 078 

- 

- 

- 

Page 40 of 48 

Other date 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 
Disposed RAW (Volume as disposed, m3) 

Country 

RAW 

ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Luxembourg 

Malta 

2019 
0 
0 
- 

2030 
- 
- 
- 

2050 
- 
- 
- 

75 817 

102 817 

345 817 

8 424 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 241 
3 103 
1 862 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
783 
35 
0 
0 
0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

10 684 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 704 
6 641 
4 056 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 830 
2 770 
- 
- 
0 
1 774 
35 
0 
21 000 
36 422 
0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

38 424 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4 519 
11 128 
6 779 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
34 688 
33 689 
- 
- 
0 
1 774 
35 
0 
53 500 
74 232 
0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Other date 

- 
- 
- 
350 317 

[2080] 
38 924 [2080] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
37 727 [2065] 
36 639 [2065] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Page 41 of 48 

 
 
Disposed RAW (Volume as disposed, m3) 

Country 

The 
Netherlands 

Poland 

Portugal* 

Romania 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

Spain 

Sweden 

RAW 

VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 

VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 

LLW 
ILW 

HLW 
VLLW 
LLW 
ILW 
HLW 

2019 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1 072 

2030 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1230 

2050 
- 
- 
- 
- 

45 000 

1 624 

3 900 

15 000 

11 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 286 
- 
- 
16403.3 
17304.2 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
19 397 
34 927 
- 
- 
27 900 
39 900 
0 
0 

11 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 270 
- 
- 
29 000 
36 912 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
39 000 
46 000 
- 
- 
52 000 
60 000 
0 

2 543 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
8 300 
- 
- 
29 000 
43 644 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
117 300 
92 700 
- 
- 
54 000 
140 000 
5 000 

Other date 

- 
- 
- 
- 
200 000 

[2152] 

138 500 

[2152] 
15 000 [2152] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
29 000 [2040] 
40 494 [2040] 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
126 200 [2100] 
95 100 [2100] 
6 100 [2100] 
13 [2100] 
- 

* 

Information reported in the 3rd national report insufficient to establish national inventory 

Page 42 of 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table I.6. Other radioactive waste on Member States’ territory 

Country 

Waste type 

Amount (number, volume, mass or 
activity) 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Cyprus 

Czech 
Republic 

Denmark 

DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (t) 

Tailings and ore (t) 
DSRS (number) 

Estonia 

France 

Greece 

Finland 

Hungary 

Germany 

NORM 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (t) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (GBq) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
Luxembourg  DSRS (m3) 

Lithuania 

Ireland 

Latvia 

Italy 

2019 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
708 
- 
- 
- 
- 
600 
4 800 
- 
29 
12 100 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
659 
100 
- 
- 
37 
- 
909 233 
- 
- 
- 
40 m3 
67 
- 

2030 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 050 
- 
- 
- 
13 000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
100 m3 
- 
- 

2050 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 050 
- 
- 
- 
155 000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
100 m3 
- 
< 2 

Page 43 of 48 

 
Country 

Waste type 

Amount (number, volume, mass or 
activity) 

Contaminated  
material (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
Uranium salts (kg) 
Thorium salts (kg) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
Other (m3) 
Sterile and radioactive 
rock (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 
DSRS (number) 
NORM (m3) 

Malta 

The 
Netherlands 

Poland 

Portugal** 

Romania 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

Spain 

Sweden 

2019 

- 

89 
- 
2.23 
0.125 
- 
23 066 
- 
- 
- 
- 
459 
2 739 085 
25 920 

7 087 054 

- 
- 
- 
1 614 443 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2030 

2050 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
1 614 443 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
158 000* 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

*  NORM estimate for The Netherlands in 2130. 

** 

Information reported in the 3rd national report is insufficient to establish national inventory. 

Page 44 of 48 

 
 
 
Table I.7. Evolution of global European Union radioactive wastes in disposal 
(m3, rounded to thousands) 

Disposed of 

2013 

2016 

2019 

2030* 

Total waste 

1 279 000* 

1 420 000 

1 552 000 

VLLW 

279 000 

369 000 

462 000 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

987 000 

1 039 000 

1 067 000 

12 000 

12 000 

22 000 

0 

0 

0 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

*  Information reported in the 3rd national report is insufficient to establish future disposal volumes. 

Page 45 of 48 

 
 
 
Table I.8. Evolution of global European Union spent fuel and radioactive wastes in 
storage (m3, rounded to thousands) 

Stored 

Total SF 

2013 

49 800 

2016 

52 700 

2019 

2030 

55 600 

67 100 

Total waste 

771 000 

796 000 

VLLW 

236 000 

233 000 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

358 000 

381 000 

173 000 

178 000 

4 300 

4 500 

4 800 

783 000 

233 000 

353 000 

191 000 

-* 

-* 

-* 

-* 

-* 

*  Information  reported  in  the  3rd  national  report  is  insufficient  to  establish  future  radioactive  waste 

volumes in storage. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table I.9. Evolution of global European Union spent fuel and radioactive wastes – Total 
(m3, rounded to thousands) 

Total 

Total SF 

2013 

49 800 

2016 

2019 

2030* 

52 700 

55 600 

67 100 

Total waste 

2 050 000 

2 216 000 

2 334 000 

3 441 000 

VLLW 

515 000 

601 000 

695 000 

1 204 000 

LLW 

ILW 

HLW 

1 345 000 

1 420 000 

1 421 000 

1 971 000 

185 000 

190 000 

213 000 

258 000 

4 300 

4 500 

4 800 

8 000 

*   Commission  estimates  primarily  based  on  the  information  reported  by  Member  States  and  on  the  other 

sources when information was not available in 3rd national reports. 

47