P9_TA(2024)0299 – Combating late payment in commercial transactions – European Parliament legislative resolution of 23 April 2024 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating late payment in commercial transactions (COM(2023)0533 – C9-0338/2023 – 2023/0323(COD)) (Ordinary legislative procedure: first reading)
Date: 2024-04-23
Institutions: Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, Committee on Legal Affairs, Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, European Parliament
Subjects: commercial transaction, competitiveness, contract terms, deadline for payment, goods and services, single market, small and medium-sized enterprises




C_202503726EN.000101.fmx.xml












Official Journal of the European Union


EN
C series













C/2025/3726


17.9.2025






P9_TA(2024)0299

Combating late payment in commercial transactions


European Parliament legislative resolution of 23 April 2024 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating late payment in commercial transactions (COM(2023)0533 – C9-0338/2023 – 2023/0323(COD))


(Ordinary legislative procedure: first reading)

(C/2025/3726)



The European Parliament,







—


having regard to the Commission proposal to Parliament and the Council (COM(2023)0533),










—


having regard to Article 294(2) and Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, pursuant to which the Commission submitted the proposal to Parliament (C9-0338/2023),










—


having regard to Article 294(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,










—


having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee of 17 January 2024
                   (1),










—


having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions of 31 January 2024
                   (2),










—


having regard to Rule 59 of its Rules of Procedure,










—


having regard to the report of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (A9-0156/2024),










1.


Adopts its position at first reading hereinafter set out;










2.


Calls on the Commission to refer the matter to Parliament again if it replaces, substantially amends or intends to substantially amend its proposal;










3.


Instructs its President to forward its position to the Council, the Commission and the national parliaments.







(1)  
            OJ C, C/2024/2101, 26.3.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/2101/oj


(2)  
            OJ C, C/2024/1980, 18.3.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/1980/oj







P9_TC1-COD(2023)0323


Position of the European Parliament adopted at first reading on 23 April 2024 with a view to the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2024/… of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating late payment in commercial transactions

(Text with EEA relevance)


THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof,


Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,


After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,


Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (1),


Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure,

Whereas:







(1)


Most goods and services are supplied within the internal market by economic operators to other economic operators and to public authorities on a deferred payment basis whereby the supplier gives its client time to pay the invoice, as agreed between parties, as set out in the suppliers’ invoice, or as laid down by law.












(2)


Many payments in commercial transactions between economic operators or between economic operators and public authorities are made later than agreed in the contract or laid down in the general commercial conditions or by law
, although the goods are delivered or the services provided
. [Am. 1]













(3)


Late payments 
and payments deferred beyond the periods established by law
 directly affect liquidity and predictability of cash flows, thus increasing working capital needs and compromising a company’s access to

profitability, when the creditor needs to obtain
 external financing 
because of late payment
. This affects competitiveness, reduces productivity, leads to redundancies, increases the likelihood of insolvencies and bankruptcies and is a critical barrier for growth
, also considering that inflation reduces the real value of credits over time
. The damaging effects of late payments spread along supply chains, as the payment delay is often passed onto suppliers. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), who

and in particular micro-enterprises, which
 rely on regular and predictable streams of cash, are heavily affected by those negative consequences. Late payment thus represents a problem for the Union economy because of its negative economic and social consequences. 
The risk of such negative effects strongly increases in periods of economic downturn when access to financing is more difficult. [Am. 2]













(4)


Although judicial claims related to late payment are already facilitated by Regulations (EC) No 805/2004 (2), (EC) No 1896/2006 (3), (EC) No 861/2007 (4) and (EU) No 1215/2012 (5) of the European Parliament and of the Council, in order to discourage late payment in commercial transactions it is necessary to lay down complementary provisions.












(5)


Undertakings should be able to trade throughout the internal market under conditions which ensure that transborder operations do not entail greater risks than domestic sales. Distortions of competition would ensue if substantially different rules applied to domestic and transborder operations.












(6)


Directive 2011/7/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (6) lays down rules to combat late payment in commercial transactions. In 2019, the European Parliament identified several shortcomings of that Directive. The SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe (7) called for ensuring a ‘late-payment-free’ environment for SMEs and strengthening the enforcement of Directive 2011/7/EU. In 2021, the Fit for Future Platform highlighted critical issues in the implementation of that Directive in its opinion. The main shortcomings identified in these initiatives are related to: the ambiguous provisions on ‘grossly unfair’ regarding the deadlines for payment in business to business transactions (B2B), the unfair payment practices and the deadlines for the procedures of acceptance and verification; the flat fee compensation; the 
asymmetries in bargaining power between large and more powerful debtors and small creditors; the
 asymmetry of rules for payments terms between G2B and B2B transactions; the lack of a maximum payment term for commercial transactions in B2B transactions; the lack of monitoring of compliance and enforcement; the absence of tools to combat the asymmetries of information; as well as tools for creditors to take action against their debtors, and the lack of synergies with the public procurement framework. [Am. 3]













(7)


To address those shortcomings, Directive 2011/7/EU should be replaced.












(8)


Provisions should be laid down to prevent late payments in commercial transactions, consisting in the delivery of goods or supply of services for remuneration, irrespective of whether they are carried out between undertakings or between undertakings and contracting authorities/entities, where the latter are the debtor, given these contracting authorities/entities handle a considerable volume of payments to undertakings.












(9)


Public work contracts and building and engineering works are very often subject to excessively long payment terms and delays. Therefore, this Regulation should also apply to these activities.














(9a)






Cultural diversity is enshrined in Article 167 TFEU and must be protected, and the cultural economic sectors have specific characteristics, in particular slow turnover in the book trade. [Am. 92]













(10)


Transactions with consumers, payments made as compensation for damages, including payments from insurance companies, and obligations to pay that can be cancelled, postponed, or waived under or in relation to insolvency proceedings or restructuring proceedings, including preventive restructuring proceedings under Directive (EU) 2019/1023 (8) of the European Parliament and of the Council, should be excluded from the scope of this Regulation. 
However, payments made in performance of obligations stemming from insurance contracts should be covered by this Regulation. In particular, payments made in transactions between insurance companies and undertakings in exchange for the delivery of goods or the provision of services for remuneration, including as a compensation to other third parties, should fall within the scope of this Regulation. [Am. 4]













(11)


Late payment constitutes a breach of contract which is financially attractive to debtors, due to low or no interest rates charged on late payment, or slow procedures for redress. A decisive shift to a culture of prompt payment, including one in which the exclusion of the right to charge interest for late payment is null and void, is necessary to reverse this trend and to discourage late payment. Consequently, contractual payment periods should be limited to 30 calendar days both in B2B transactions and G2B transactions, where the public authority is the debtor. 
This shift is also needed to limit the so-called ‘fear factor’ that micro and small undertakings suffer when they have a credit with bigger companies and that often brings such creditors to accept longer payment periods than they are comfortable with against the promise of future business. At the same time, additional flexibility should be granted to the undertakings so they can benefit from the freedom of contract and negotiate a longer payment period up to 60 calendar days. This extended payment period should be possible when it is mutually beneficial for the creditor and the debtor. Electronic invoicing can also be a helpful tool in shortening the payment period, as it would help creditors to prove the date of receipt of the invoice in the event of doubt or dispute. [Am. 5]















(11a)






Against this background, it is necessary to acknowledge the existence of certain business models and industry practices within the retail sector which aim to keep slightly longer payment periods. As these practices reflect low rotation and seasonality of certain product categories, as well as unique operating cycles of some slow-moving cultural goods, such as toys, jewellery, sporting equipment or books, and are mutually beneficial for the creditors and the debtors, it is desirable to allow a limited flexibility in this matter so that the contracting parties can benefit of up to 120 calendar days payment period. [Am. 6]













(12)


The procedures of acceptance or verification for ascertaining the conformity of the goods or services provided with the requirements of the contract, as well as verification of the correctness and conformity of the invoice, are 
very useful tools in many commercial transactions, in particular to protect the interests of the seller and to avoid unnecessary legal disputes between the parties. This Regulation does not seek to limit the use of these tools. However, these procedures are
 often used to delay intentionally the payment period. 
In the context of establishing the payment period,
 their inclusion in the contract should therefore be objectively justified by the particular nature of the contract in question or by certain of its characteristics (9)
. It should therefore be possible to provide for such procedure of verification or acceptance in a contract only when provided for in national law where necessary, due to the specific nature of the goods or services. To avoid that the procedure of acceptance or verification is used to extend the payment period, the contract should clearly describe the details of such procedure, including its duration. For the same purpose, the debtor should initiate the verification or acceptance procedure immediately upon reception from the creditor of the goods and/or the services that are the object of the commercial transaction, regardless of whether the creditor has issued an invoice or equivalent request for payment. In order not to jeopardise the achievement of the objectives of this Regulation, it is appropriate to set a maximum duration of a procedure of acceptance or verification 
for the purposes of establishing the payment period
. [Am. 7]













(13)


This Regulation should be without prejudice to shorter periods which may be provided for in national law, and which are more favourable to the creditor.












(14)


Public procurement can play a significant role in improving payment performance. Enhanced synergies should therefore be put in place between public procurement policies and rules and prompt payment objectives. Particularly in public construction works, subcontractors are often not paid on time by the main contractor, even when the contracting authorities or contracting entities have made the contractual payments to them, thus potentially creating a damaging domino-effect in the supply chain. It is therefore appropriate that contractors provide evidence to contracting authorities and contracting entities of payments to their direct subcontractors.












(15)


In the interest of consistency of Union legislation, the definition of ‘contracting authorities’ and ‘contracting entities’ in Directives 2014/23/EU (10), 2014/24/EU (11), 2014/25/EU (12) and 2009/81/EC (13) of the European Parliament and of the Council should apply for the purposes of this Regulation.












(16)


Interest due for late payment should be calculated on a daily basis as simple interest. Interest for late payment is an accessory to the amount due. The debtor shall then be deemed to have extinguished its obligations only when the creditor will receive the payment of the amount due, including the corresponding interests and flat fee compensation. The amount of the late payment interest should continue accruing until the payment of the amount due to the creditor.












(17)


It should not be possible for the creditor to waive its right to obtain interests for late payments, as interests for late payments have a double function: to offset part of the damage suffered by the creditor, because of the delay, and to sanction the debtor for the breach of contract. To facilitate receipt of interest and compensation in case of late payment by the creditor, the right for the creditor to obtain them should be automatic, except when the payment delay is not due to the debtor’s fault.












(18)


Fair compensation of creditors for the recovery costs incurred due to late payment is necessary to discourage late payment. These costs should include the recovery of administrative costs and compensation for internal costs incurred due to the late payment
, should be adapted to the value of the invoice in question
 and should be cumulated with interest for the late payment for every single commercial transaction that has been paid late as determined by the Court of Justice (14). The fixed minimum sum of compensation for the recovery costs should be determined without prejudice to national provisions according to which a national court may award compensation to the creditor for any additional damage regarding the debtor’s late payment. [Am. 8]















(18a)






This Regulation upholds contractual freedom and the implementation of Article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental rights concerning the freedom to conduct a business. For this purpose, this Regulation leaves to the contracting parties the choice of contractual relations, as well as the type of contract and its modalities. Choice of different types of contracts, including consignment contracts, where the invoice is issued at an agreed point of time after the delivery of goods, is not restricted in any way. In the case of consignment contracts or other similar types of contract the deadlines specified in this Regulation should be applicable after receipt of the invoice. As this Regulation emphasises on the payment period after issuing the invoice, thus contributing to the improvement of the payment culture overall, and merely ensures that agreements on the payment period do not abuse the freedom of contract to the disadvantage of the creditor, it should be possible for the parties to benefit from the freedom of contract and consent to their preferred type of agreement. [Am. 9]













(19)


It should be possible to make payments by instalments or staggered payments. However, each individual instalment or payment should be paid on the agreed terms and should be subject to the rules for late payment set out in this Regulation.












(20)


In addition to the fixed sum to cover internal recovery costs, creditors should also be entitled to reasonable compensation of other recovery costs they incur because of late payment by a debtor. Such costs should for example include the costs incurred by creditors in instructing a lawyer or employing a debt collection agency.












(21)


Abuse of freedom of contract to the disadvantage of the creditor should be avoided. As a result, where a clause in a contract or a practice relating to the date or term of payment, the payment or rate of interest for late payment, the compensation for recovery costs, extending the duration the procedure of verification or acceptance or intentionally delaying or preventing the moment of sending the invoice is not in conformity with this Regulation, it should be null and void 
and in any case prohibited
. 
In the same vein, certain practices leading to an abuse of freedom of contract that is to the disadvantage of the creditor should also be prohibited. The debtor should not be able to prevent or restrict assignments of credits to third parties, or the use by the creditor of an executive order issued by a court. [Am. 10]













(22)


To enhance the efforts to prevent the abuse of freedom of contract to the detriment of creditors, organisations officially recognised as representing creditors or organisations with a legitimate interest in representing undertakings should be able to take action before national courts or administrative bodies in order to prevent late payments 
and to end contractual terms and practices that are null and void
. [Am. 11]













(23)


To guarantee full payment of the amount due, it is important to ensure that the seller retains the title to goods until they are fully paid for, if a retention of title has been expressly agreed between the buyer and the seller before the delivery of the goods. 
To take into account the specificities of certain goods characterised by their slow rotation, retention of title can also be used by sellers to provide extended credit to their buyers in a manner that remains consistent with this Regulation, as for example in consignment sales. [Am. 12]













(24)


To ensure correct application of this Regulation, it is important to provide transparency regarding the rights and obligations as laid down by this Regulation. To ensure that the correct rates of interest are applied, it is important that they are made public by the Member States and the Commission. 
In order to contribute to the achievement of the objective of this Regulation, Member States should increase awareness of the remedies for late payment among undertakings through publications and campaigns and should foster the spread of good practices. [Am. 13]













(25)


The sanctions for late payment can be dissuasive only if they are accompanied by procedures for redress which are rapid and effective for the creditor. Expedient recovery procedures for unchallenged claims should therefore be available to all creditors who are established in the Union
, in accordance with the principle of non-discrimination set out in Article 18 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU’)
. [Am. 14]













(26)


To facilitate and ensure compliance with this Regulation, Member States should designate 
independent
 authorities responsible for its enforcement, which perform their duties and tasks in an objective and fair manner and ensure equal treatment of private undertakings and public authorities. Those enforcement authorities should carry out investigations on their own initiative, act on complaints, 
including anonymous complaints or notifications,
 and be empowered, among other things, to impose sanctions and publish their decisions on a regular basis. In addition, for more effective enforcement, Member States should use digital tools 
in order to facilitate this process. The Commission should assess how the enforcement authorities carry out the tasks conferred to them by this Regulation

to the extent possible. [Am. 15]













(27)


To ensure easy and accessible means of redress, Member States should promote the voluntary use of effective and independent alternative dispute resolution mechanism to solve payment disputes in commercial transactions. 
Member States could designate their respective chambers of commerce and industry as bodies responsible for alternative dispute resolution, provided that they can demonstrate impartiality and independence from the parties. As parties may engage in negotiations to reach an amicable settlement regarding disputed debts, such settlements may involve the adjustment of interest and compensation claims, provided they are in compliance with principles of fairness and do not unduly disadvantage the creditor. [Am. 16]















(27a)






In view of the need to enhance transparency and accountability in commercial transactions, and in line with the objectives of promoting responsible financial management and fair business practices, it is imperative to introduce specific reporting obligations for contracting authorities as described in Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/24/EU. Contracting authorities should report annually on their payment practices, providing detailed insights into the promptness of their payments. A structured approach to reporting is necessary to foster greater transparency in payment practices and to assist in identifying areas where improvements are needed. The reporting obligation should include the disclosure of amounts, in euros, paid within various time frames after the payment deadline set out in this Regulation. The detailed reporting should include categorising payments made in intervals of 1 to 30 days, 31 to 60 days, 61 to 90 days, and beyond 90 days after the stipulated payment deadline, and the average time taken to pay an invoice should be part of the report. To ensure that the information is not only used for regulatory compliance but also serves as a tool for public scrutiny and encourages best practices in payment disciplines, the reports should be made publicly accessible and should be submitted in an electronic format to the relevant Member State enforcement authority. [Am. 17]













(28)


Invoices trigger requests for payment and are important documents in the chain of transactions for the supply of goods and services, inter alia, for determining payment deadlines. It is important to promote systems that give legal certainty as regards the exact date of receipt of invoices by the debtors, including in the field of e-invoicing where the receipt of invoices could generate electronic evidence 
and can also help to improve compliance with VAT obligations
, and which is partly governed by the provisions on invoicing contained in Council Directive 2006/112/EC (15) and Directive 2014/55/E
U
 (16) of the European Parliament and the Council. [Am. 18]















(28a)






The gradual introduction of compulsory e-invoicing can reduce payment times, increase payment control and encourage the digital transition of SMEs. National authorities should support SMEs by ensuring adequate infrastructure and support. [Am. 19]













(29)


Effective access of undertakings, especially of 
micro-enterprises and
 SMEs, to credit management
, including financing services,
 and financial literacy training can have a significant impact in reducing payment delays, maintaining optimal cash flows, reducing the risk of default and increasing the potential for growth. Nevertheless, 
micro-enterprises and
 SMEs often lack the capacity to invest in such training, while very limited trainings and training material focusing on enhancing 
micro-enterprises and
 SMEs’ knowledge of credit and invoice management are currently available. It is therefore appropriate to provide that Member States need to ensure that 
invoice management,
 credit management 
tools, including factoring
 and financial literacy trainings are available and accessible to 
micro-enterprises and
 SMEs, including on the use of digital tools for timely payments 
and financing services
. [Am. 20]















(29a)






Recognising the critical impact of late payment practices on the European Union's economic environment and in order to enhance transparency, compliance, and best practices, the Commission should establish the European Observatory of Late Payments (‘the Observatory’). The Observatory should be a key element in monitoring, analyzing, and sharing insights on payment behaviors across the Union with a primary function to monitor both timely and delayed payment practices, gathering and disseminating expertise, identifying best and potentially harmful practices, and evaluating the effectiveness of enforcement authorities in their regulatory roles. The Observatory's focus should be on providing the Commission with ongoing advice and expertise crucial for understanding and shaping the evolution of payment and late payment practices within the Union. To facilitate comprehensive monitoring and effective functioning, Member States should communicate essential information to the Observatory, including lists of goods and services subject to specific payment procedures, aggregated data from relevant articles, and details regarding enforcement actions and outcomes. The Observatory, chaired by the Commission and composed of a balanced representation of experts and stakeholders, should issue annual reports, opinions, and contributions pertinent to implementing and enforcing this Regulation. The outputs should reflect the state of payment practices and offer guidelines and recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and fairness of the regulatory framework governing late payments. [Am. 21]















(29b)






To assess and ensure the effectiveness of this Regulation, the Commission should comprehensively evaluate its implementation and impact through a comprehensive report. Given the dynamic nature of commercial transactions and the evolving market conditions, the report should be a crucial tool in understanding the Regulation's effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement. The Commission, based on the findings of the report, should be prepared to accompany it with a legislative proposal if considered to be necessary and appropriate, ensuring that the Regulation remains relevant, effective, and aligned to promote fair and efficient payment practices within the Union. Therefore, four years after the entry of this Regulation into force, and subsequently every three years, the Commission should submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council, which will maintain transparency, evaluate the progress, and make necessary adjustments to the Regulation. The report should examine the impact of the scope of this Regulation, focusing on its effects across specific sectors and business models, and provide insights into how the Regulation influences diverse commercial landscapes. The report should evaluate the impact of measures implemented, especially those related to payment periods, on enhancing cash flow and liquidity in the market to shed light on the practical effectiveness of these measures in improving financial dynamics. The report should also assess the effectiveness of the enforcement authorities in ensuring compliance and addressing payment issues. An additional aspect of the report should explore the potential benefits of introducing Union-wide e-invoicing and its role in shortening payment periods. To facilitate this comprehensive evaluation, Member States should provide the necessary information to the Commission, including details of enforcement actions and outcomes. The report should also include an assessment of the overall impact of this Regulation on commercial transactions and the effectiveness of the European Observatory of Late Payments in monitoring payment practices within the Union. [Am. 22]













(30)


Certain provisions in this Regulation are linked to the provisions in Directive (EU) 2019/633 of the European Parliament and of the Council (17). The relationship between Directives 2011/7/EU and (EU) 2019/633 is explained in recitals (17) and (18) and Article 3(1) of Directive (EU) 2019/633. As this Regulation replaces Directive 2011/7/EU, it should not affect the rules laid down in Directive (EU) 2019/633, including the provisions that are applicable to payments made in the context of the school scheme (18), value-sharing agreements (19) and certain payments for the sale of grapes, must and wine in bulk in the wine sector (20)
, except for the deadlines applicable to the maximum payment periods concerning the supply of non-perishable agricultural and food products. However, this Regulation does not prevent the Member States from introducing or maintaining national provisions applicable in the agricultural and food sector which provide for stricter payment terms, or different calculation of payment periods, dies a quo and verification and acceptance procedures for suppliers of agricultural and food products that are more favourable to the creditor. [Am. 23]













(31)


The objectives of this Regulation are to combat late payment in commercial transactions, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, thereby fostering the competitiveness of undertakings and in particular of 
micro-enterprises and
 SMEs. Those objectives cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States, as implementing national solutions would likely result in a lack of uniform rules, fragmentation of the single market and higher costs for companies trading across borders. Therefore, those objectives can be better achieved at Union level. The Union may therefore adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty of

on
 European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve those objectives. [Am. 24]













(32)


To provide sufficient time for all relevant actors to put in place the arrangements needed to comply with this Regulation, its application should be deferred. However, to ensure better protection of the creditors, commercial transactions that are to be paid after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, shall be subject to its provisions, even if the relevant contract was signed before its date of application. 
In the case of micro-undertakings which encounter the biggest challenges in terms of cash flow, the application of this Regulation in situations where they are debtors should be deferred for a further 12 months, [Am. 25]






HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:



Article 1


Scope





-1.
   
The aim of this Regulation is to combat late payment in commercial transactions, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, thereby fostering the competitiveness of undertakings and in particular SMEs. [Am. 26]



1.   This Regulation shall apply to payments made in transactions between undertakings or between undertakings and public authorities, where the public authority is the debtor, which lead to the delivery of goods or the provision of services for remuneration (‘commercial transactions’).


2.   The delivery of goods or the provision of services referred to in paragraph 1 shall include the design and execution of public works, construction and civil engineering works.


3.   This Regulation shall not apply to any of the following payments:






(a)


payments for transactions with consumers;










(b)


payments made as compensation for damages, including payments from insurance companies; [Am. 27]











(c)


payments resulting from obligations that can be cancelled, postponed, or waived under or in relation to insolvency proceedings or restructuring proceedings, including preventive restructuring proceedings under Directive (EU) 2019/1023 (21) of the European Parliament and of the Council.












(ca)






Payments resulting from purchases, sales, deliveries, commissions or agency operations contributing to the manufacture of books, as well as for the supply of paper and other consumables dedicated to the printing, binding or publishing of books in their special position as slow-moving, cultural products, where the payment terms shall be defined by agreement between the concerned parties. [Am. 109]







Notwithstanding point (b), payments made in performance of the obligations stemming from insurance contracts are covered by this Regulation. [Am. 28]



4.   With the exception of Article 3(1), This Regulation shall not affect the provisions laid down in Directive (EU) 2019/633. [Am. 29]




Article 2


Definitions


For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:








(-1)







                                 ‘commercial transactions’ means transactions between undertakings or between undertakings and public authorities which lead to the delivery of goods or the provision of services for remuneration; [Am. 30]











(1)


‘undertaking’ means any organisation, irrespective of its form and way of financing, carrying out an economic or professional activity independently;










(2)


‘public authority’ means any contracting authority, as defined in Article 6(1) of Directive 2014/23/EU, Article 2(1), point (1), of Directive 2014/24/EU or in Article 3(1) of Directive 2014/25/EU 
regardless of the subject or value of the contract
; [Am. 31]











(3)


‘late payment’ means 
a
 payment 
of an amount due that is
 not made within the contractual or statutory payment period as set out in Article 3; [Am. 32]











(4)


‘amount due’ means the sum which should have been paid within the contractual or statutory payment period, as set out in Article 3, including the applicable taxes, duties, levies or charges specified in the invoice or the equivalent request for payment;










(5)


‘enforceable title’ means any decision, judgement, order for payment issued by a court or other competent authority, private deed or any other document issued, including those that are provisionally enforceable, whether for immediate payment or payment by instalments, which permits the creditor to have his or her claim against the debtor collected by means of forced execution;










(6)


‘retention of title’ means the contractual agreement according to which the seller retains title to the goods in question until the price has been paid in full;










(7)


‘procedure of acceptance or verification’ means the procedure for ascertaining the conformity of the goods delivered or services provided, with the requirements of the contract
, as well as the verification of the correctness of the invoice and its conformity with those requirements
; [Am. 33]











(8)


‘debtor’ means any natural or legal person or any public authority that owes a payment for a good delivered
, or to be delivered,
 or a service provided
, or to be provided
; [Am. 34]











(9)


‘creditor’ means any natural or legal person or any public authority that delivered
, or is obliged to deliver,
 goods to a debtor or provided
, or is obliged to provide,
 services to a debtor.

; [Am. 35]













(9a)







                                 ‘large undertaking’ means an ‘undertaking’ as defined in Article 3, point (4), of Directive 2013/34/EU. [Am. 36]













(9b)







                                 ‘slow-moving goods’ means goods in the retailer’s possession, from actual supply by the manufacturer or the wholesaler to final retail sale, for more than 60 days on average; [Am. 37]













(9c)







                                 ‘seasonal goods’ means goods the demand for which increases, in a significant manner, regularly at certain times or seasons of the year; [Am. 38]













(9d)







                                 ‘Book chain’ means all the players and suppliers involved in the process of producing and marketing paper or digital books, and, in particular, the players in the book industry (author, publisher, printer, distributor, bookshop) and their suppliers. [Am. 94]







Article 3


Payment periods



1.   In commercial transactions, the payment period shall not exceed 30 calendar days, from the date of the receipt of the invoice or an equivalent request for payment by the debtor, provided that the debtor has received the goods or services 
in accordance with contractual agreement. Where the date of the receipt of the invoice or the equivalent request for payment is uncertain, the payment period shall not exceed 30 calendar days from the date of receipt of the goods or services
. This period shall apply both to the transactions between undertakings and between public authorities and undertakings. The same payment period shall also apply to the supply of non-perishable agricultural and food products on a regular and non-regular basis as referred to in Articles 3(1)(a), point (i), second indent and 3(1)(a), point (ii), second indent of Directive (EU) 2019/633, unless Member States provide for a shorter payment period for such products.
[Am. 39]





1a.
   
In commercial transactions between undertakings, where expressly agreed in the contract, the payment period referred to in paragraph 1, may be extended up to 60 calendar days. [Am. 40]





1b.
   
By way of derogation from paragraph 1, in transactions between undertakings for the purchase of slow moving or seasonal goods, the payment period may be extended up to 120 calendar days from the date of the receipt of the invoice or an equivalent request for payment by the debtor, provided that the debtor has received the goods.




Prior to the date of application of this Regulation, the Commission shall adopt and publish technical guidance documentation concerning the practical details for the application of this paragraph as regards the goods falling under the definition of slow moving goods laid down in Article 2(9b) and the definition of seasonal goods laid down in Article 2(9c). Such technical guidance documentation shall in particular address diverging payment practices put in place by different economic operators consisting in a risk of fragmentation of the internal market. [Am. 41]



2.   A procedure of acceptance or verification
, by which the conformity of the goods or services with the contract is to be ascertained,
 may be exceptionally provided for in national law only where strictly necessary due to the specific nature of the goods or services. In that case, the contract shall describe the details of the procedure of acceptance or verification, including its duration. [Am. 42]



3.   Where the contract provides for a procedure of acceptance or verification, in accordance with paragraph 2
, for the purposes of this Regulation
, the maximum duration of that procedure shall not exceed 30 calendar days from the date of receipt of the goods or services by the debtor, even if such goods or services are supplied prior to the issuance of the invoice or an equivalent request for payment. In this case, the debtor shall initiate the procedure for acceptance or verification immediately upon reception from the creditor of the goods and/or the services that are the object of the commercial transaction. The payment period shall not exceed 30 calendar days after such procedure has taken

been concluded or after receipt of the invoice, or an equivalent request for payment, if the latter takes
 place 
later
. [Am. 43]



4.   The payment period set out in paragraph 1
, 1a and 1b
 is the maximum payment period and is without prejudice to a shorter period which may be provided for in national law. [Am. 44]





4a.
   
Member States shall introduce appropriate measures to improve public authorities payment practices towards undertakings. In this regard, Member States shall consider introducing measures to ensure that an undertaking which is a creditor within the meaning of Article 2(9) is able to obtain upon request to the public authority, which has not paid the amount due within the maximum payment period set out in paragraph 1, the offsetting of the amount due against any outstanding amount that the creditor has towards the same public authority. [Am. 45]




Article 4


Payments to subcontractors in public procurement



1.   For public works contracts falling within the scope of Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU, 2014/25/EU, and 2009/81/EC (22) of the European Parliament and of the Council, contractors shall provide evidence to contracting authorities or contracting entities within the meaning of those Directives that, where applicable, they have paid their direct subcontractors involved in the execution of the contract within the deadlines and under the conditions set out in this Regulation. The evidence may take the form of a written declaration by the contractor and shall be provided by the contractor to the contracting authority or contracting entity prior to, or at the latest together with, any request for payment.


2.   Where the contracting authority or contracting entity has not received the evidence as provided for in paragraph 1 or has information of a late payment by the main contractor to its direct subcontractors, the contracting authority or contracting entity shall notify the enforcement authority of its Member State thereof without delay.



Article 5


Interest for late payment



1.   In case of late payment, the debtor shall be liable to pay interest for late payment 
to the creditor
, except where the debtor is not responsible for the payment delay. [Am. 46]



2.   Interest for late payment shall be automatically due by the debtor to the creditor, without the creditor needing to send a reminder, where the following conditions are satisfied:






(a)


the creditor has fulfilled its contractual obligations and obligations provided for by law;










(b)


the debtor has received the invoice or equivalent request for payment;










(c)


the creditor has not received the amount due specified in the invoice or the equivalent request for payment, within the contractual or statutory payment period as set out in Article 3.






3.   It shall not be possible for the creditor to waive its right to obtain interest for late payment 
when the debtor is a public authority or a large undertaking
. [Am. 47]



4.   The date of receipt of the invoice, or equivalent request for payment, shall not be subject to a contractual agreement between the debtor and the creditor.


5.   The debtor shall provide all relevant information to the creditor to ensure that the creditor’s invoice or equivalent request for payment is accepted and processed by the debtor as soon as it is received.


6.   Where the conditions set out in paragraph 2 are satisfied, interest for late payment shall start accruing from the last one of the

day
 following events:

the expiry of contractual or statutory payment period and in accordance with Article 3.









(a)




receipt by the debtor of the invoice or an equivalent request for payment;












(b)




receipt by the debtor of the goods or services.
[Am. 48]







7.   The interest for late payment shall accrue until 
the creditor receives
 payment of the amount due. [Am. 49]




Article 6


Rate of the interest for late payment



1.   The interest for late payment shall be equal to the reference rate plus 8 percentage points.


2.   Member States whose currency is the euro, shall ensure that the reference rate corresponds to either of the following:






(a)


the interest rate applied by the European Central Bank to its main refinancing operations;










(b)


the marginal interest rate resulting from variable-rate tender procedures for the most recent main refinancing operations of the European Central Bank.






3.   In Member States whose currency is not the euro the reference rate shall be the rate set by its national central bank.


4.   The reference rate for the first semester of the year concerned shall be the rate as determinable on 1 January of that year. The reference rate for the second semester of the year concerned shall be the rate as determinable on 1 July of that year.



Article 7


Payment schedules


Where payment is done on the basis of schedules providing for instalments, and any of the instalments is not paid by the agreed date, interest for late payment referred to in Article 5, shall be calculated on the basis of any overdue amount. Compensation shall also be paid in accordance with Article 8.


Article 8


Compensation for recovery costs



1.   Where interest for late payment becomes payable in accordance with Article 5, aflat fee compensation for recovery costs shall be automatically due by the debtor to the creditor and shall amount to a fixed sum of EUR 50, per every single commercial transaction 
of a value between 0 and EUR 1 500, EUR 100 per every single commercial transaction of a value between 1 501 and EUR 15 000, and EUR 150 per every single commercial transaction above 15 000 EUR
. [Am. 50]



2.   The flat fee compensation referred to in paragraph 1 shall be payable by the debtor to the creditor as a compensation for the creditor’s own recovery costs, without the necessity of a reminder. [Am. 51]



3.   It shall not be possible for the creditor to waive its right to obtain the flat fee compensation laid down in paragraph 1
, when the debtor is a public authority or a large undertaking
. [Am. 52]



4.   In addition to the flat fee compensation referred to in paragraph 1, the creditor shall be entitled to obtain reasonable compensation from the debtor for any recovery costs exceeding that flat fee compensation and incurred due to the debtor’s late payment.


5.   This Article shall apply without prejudice to the creditor’s rights to receive any other compensation.



Article 9



Null and void
Prohibition of certain contractual terms and practices [Am. 53]



1.   The following contractual terms and practices shall be null and void
, and in any case shall be prohibited
: [Am. 54]







(a)


setting the payment period in breach of Article 3;










(b)


excluding or limiting the right of the creditor to obtain interest for late payment provided for in Article 5 or the right to obtain compensation for recovery costs provided for in Article 8;












(ba)






excluding or limiting the right of the creditor to:










(i)






make assignments of the credit to third parties for the purpose of accessing financing services;














(ii)






make use of an executive order of payments issued by a court; [Am. 55]















(c)


extending the duration of the procedure of verification or acceptance beyond the term set in Article 3(3);










(d)



intentionally delaying or preventing 
or postponing
 the moment of sending the invoice.

by the debtor; [Am. 56]













(da)






prohibiting, excluding or limiting the assignment of receivables to relevant financial institution; [Am. 57]













(db)






using means of payment altering payment terms. [Am. 58]







2.   Member States shall ensure that adequate and effective means exist to end the contractual terms and practices referred to in paragraph 1.


3.   The means referred to in paragraph 2 shall include the possibility for an organisation officially recognised as representing creditors or organisations with a legitimate interest in representing undertakings to take action before the courts or before competent administrative bodies.



Article 10


Retention of title


A creditor shall retain title to goods until they are fully paid for if a retention of title has been expressly agreed between the debtor and the creditor before the delivery of the goods.


Article 11


Transparency and awareness raising [Am. 59]




1.   Member States shall ensure transparency regarding the rights and obligations laid down in this Regulation, including by making publicly available the applicable rate of interest for late payment.


2.   The Commission shall make publicly available on the internet the current rates of interest for late payment which apply in the Member States.




2a.
   
Member States shall, where appropriate, use professional publications, promotion campaigns or any other functional means to increase awareness of the remedies for late payment among undertakings. [Am. 60]




Article 12


Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims



1.   Creditors shall obtain an enforceable title, including through an expedited procedure and irrespective of the amount of debt, within 90

60
 calendar days of the lodging of the action or application at the court or other competent authority, provided that the debt and the procedure are not disputed. [Am. 61]



2.   When calculating the period referred to in paragraph 1, the following period shall not be taken into account:






(a)


periods for service of documents;










(b)


any delays caused by the creditor.






3.   This Article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 
and Regulation (EC) No 861/2007
. [Am. 62]




Article 13


Enforcement authorities



1.   Each Member State shall designate one or more authorities responsible for the enforcement of this Regulation (‘enforcement authority’) 
and notify them to the Commission without undue delay
. 
Member States shall provide the authorities with appropriate human, technical and financial resources to carry out its tasks and use its powers efficiently. [Am. 63]





1a.
   
Enforcement authorities shall be independent from other public authorities, including those involved in public procurement procedures. [Am. 64]



2.   Where appropriate, enforcement authorities shall take 
proportionate
 measures necessary to ensure that the deadlines for payments are complied with. [Am. 65]



3.   Enforcement authorities shall cooperate effectively with each other and with the Commission and shall provide each other with mutual assistance in investigations that have a cross-border dimension. 
The Commission shall facilitate the effective cooperation of the enforcement authorities. [Am. 66]





3a.
   
Enforcement authorities shall make publicly available aggregated information regarding the number of complaints lodged against undertakings and public authorities due to violation of Article 3 of this Regulation. [Am. 67]



4.   Enforcement authorities shall coordinate their activities with other authorities responsible for enforcing other Union or national legislation including through exchange of information obligations.


5.   
Where appropriate,
 enforcement authorities shall forward the complaints received regarding late payments in the agricultural and food sector to the competent enforcement authorities under Directive (EU) 2019/633. [Am. 68]





5a.
   
This Article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of Regulations (EC) No 805/2004, (EC) No 1896/2006, (EC) No 861/2007 and (EU) No 1215/2012. [Am. 69]




Article 14


Powers of enforcement authorities



1.   Enforcement authorities shall have the necessary 
human, financial and technical
 resources and expertise to perform their duties 
effectively
, and shall have the following powers: [Am. 70]







(a)


the power to initiate and conduct investigations on their own initiative or based on a complaint;










(b)


the power to require creditors and debtors to provide all necessary information to conduct investigations related to late payments in commercial transactions;










(c)


the power to carry out unannounced on-site inspections within the framework of their investigations;










(d)


the power to take decisions finding an infringement of this Regulation and requiring the debtor to pay interest for late payment as provided for in Article 5 or requiring the debtor to compensate the creditor as provided for in Article 8 
or both
; [Am. 71]











(e)


the power to impose, or initiate proceedings for the imposition of fines and other penalties and interim measures on the subjects responsible for the infringement;










(f)


the power to require the debtor to bring the infringement to an end;










(g)


the power to publish its decisions referred to in paragraphs (d), (e) and (f).






The Commission shall assess how the enforcement authorities carry out all the tasks conferred to them under this Regulation. [Am. 72]



2.   Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalties provided for shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.


3.   Member States shall, [by …/without 
undue
 delay 
and in any case not later than 12 months from the entry into force of this Regulation
], notify the Commission of those rules and of those measures and shall notify it, without delay, of any subsequent amendment affecting them. [Am. 73]




Article 15


Complaints and confidentiality



1.   Creditors may address complaints either to the enforcement authority of the Member State in which they are established or to the enforcement authority of the Member States in which the debtor is established. The enforcement authority to which the complaint is addressed shall be competent to enforce this Regulation.


2.   Organisations officially recognised as representing creditors or organisations with a legitimate interest in representing undertakings shall have the right to submit a complaint to the enforcement authorities referred to in Article 13 at the request of one or more of their members or, where appropriate, at the request of one or more members of their member organisations, where those members consider that they have been affected by an infringement of this Regulation.


3.   Where the complainant so requests, The enforcement authority shall take the necessary measures for the appropriate protection of the identity of the complainant. The complainant shall

may submit a complaint to the enforcement authority anonymously or
 identify any information for which it requests confidentiality. [Am. 74]



4.   The enforcement authority that receives the complaint shall inform the complainant within a reasonable period of time

30 days
 after the receipt of the complaint of how it intends to follow up on the complaint. [Am. 75]



5.   Where an enforcement authority considers that there are insufficient grounds for acting on a complaint, it shall inform the complainant of the reasons of its decision within a reasonable period of time

30 days
 after the receipt of the complaint. [Am. 76]



6.   Where an enforcement authority considers that there are sufficient grounds for acting on a complaint, it shall initiate, conduct and conclude an investigation of the complaint within a reasonable period of time

90 days after the receipt of the complaint
. [Am. 77]



7.   Where an enforcement authority finds that a debtor has infringed this Regulation, it shall require the debtor to bring the illegal practice to an end.




7a.
   
The Commission shall make a standard EU complaint form available for the enforcement authorities of the Member States. [Am. 78]




Article 16


Alternative dispute resolution



1.   Without prejudice to the right of creditors to submit complaints under Article 15, and to the obligations and powers of enforcement authorities laid down in Articles 13, 14, and 15, Member States shall promote the voluntary use of effective and independent alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for the settlement of disputes between debtors and creditors. 
Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 5(3), 8(3), and 9(1) point (b) of this Regulation, parties to the agreement may engage in negotiations to reach an amicable settlement regarding disputed debts. [Am. 79]



2.   Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for late payment disputes shall encourage the parties to a dispute to find the solution by themselves and shall be fast, efficient, and cost-effective, while maintaining confidence and trust between the parties.




Article 16a




Reporting obligations






1.
   
Contracting authorities, as referred to in Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/24/EU, shall report on a yearly basis on their payment practices.






2.
   
                     
Reporting obligation referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain:










(a)






the amount, in EUR paid:








—




1 to 30 days after the deadline referred to in Article 3 of this Regulation;












—




31 to 60 days after the deadline referred to in Article 3 of this Regulation;












—




61 to 90 days after the deadline referred to in Article 3 of this Regulation;












—




more than 90 days after the deadline referred to in Article 3 of this Regulation;


















(b)






average time to pay an invoice.










3.
   
The report referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be submitted, in an electronic form, by the contracting authorities to the Member State enforcement authority referred to in Article 13 and be accessible to the public. [Am. 80]




Article 17


Digital tools, credit management and financial literacy training



1.   To the extent possible, Member States shall use digital tools for effective enforcement of this Regulation.


2.   Member States shall ensure that 
invoice and
 credit management tools
, including factoring and similar financing services, as well as

and financial literacy trainings 
and any other initiatives that tackle late payment
 are available and accessible to small and medium sized enterprises, including on the use of digital tools for timely payments. [Am. 81]





Article 17a




European Observatory of late payments






1.
   
The Commission shall set up an Observatory of Late Payment (The Observatory) by... [OP: date of application of this Regulation].






2.
   
The Observatory shall monitor payment as well as late payment practices within the Union in order to collect and share expertise, best practices and identify potential harmful practices, as well as effectiveness of enforcement authorities in carrying out their tasks, with a view to provide the Commission with advice and expertise on the evolution of payment and late payment practices.






3.
   
                     
Member States shall communicate to the Observatory:










(a)






lists of goods and services subject to the procedure of acceptance or verification set out in Article 3(2);














(b)






aggregated data containing information referred to in Articles 13(3a), 14(1), 14(2) and 16a(3);














(c)






information regarding enforcement authorities, number of complaints and investigations and measures taken;










4.
   
The Observatory shall issue annual reports, opinions and written contributions related to the implementation of this Regulation, including the assessment and guidelines for the effective enforcement of this Regulation.






5.
   
The Observatory shall be chaired by the Commission and shall be composed of representatives of relevant experts and stakeholders. The composition of the board shall ensure a balanced representation of all interested stakeholders. [Am. 82]





Article 17b




Amendments to Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006





Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 is amended as follows:








(1)




Article 7 is amended as follows:










(a)






paragraph 5 is replaced by the following:



‘
5.
   
The application shall be submitted electronically.
’













(b)






paragraph 6 is replaced by the following:



‘
6.
   
The application shall be signed electronically in accordance with Article [2(2)] of Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market. This signature shall be recognized in the Member State of origin without any further conditions being imposed. Member States shall introduce alternative electronic communication systems that allow secure identification of users. In this case, an electronic signature shall not be required.
’

















(2)






Article 12(1) is replaced by the following:



‘
1.
   
If the conditions set out in Article 8 are fulfilled, the court shall issue a European order for payment using form E as set out in Annex V within 14 days of the lodging of an application. In calculating the 14-day period, the time taken by the claimant to complete, correct or amend the application shall not be taken into account.
’













(3)






Article 16(2) is replaced by the following:



‘
2.
   
The statement of opposition shall be sent to the defendant within 14 days from the date of service of the order for payment.
’[Am. 83]









Article 17c




Amendments to Regulation (EC) No 861/2007





Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 is amended as follows:










(1)






Article 7 is amended as follows:










(a)






paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:



‘
1.
   
                                                
Within 14 days of receiving the defendant's or claimant's replies within the time limit laid down in Article 5(3) or (6), the court shall give judgment or proceed as follows:










(a)






invite the parties to provide further information relating to the claim within a specified period, which shall not exceed 14 days;














(b)






take evidence in accordance with Article 9;














(c)






summon the parties to an oral hearing, which shall take place within 14 days of the summons.
’

















(b)






paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:



‘
2.
   
Member States shall introduce alternative electronic communication systems that allow secure identification of users. In this case, an electronic signature shall not be required.
’

















(2)






In Article 13, the following paragraph is added:



‘
4a
   
The documents referred to in Article 5(2) and (6) and judgments given in accordance with Article 7 shall be served by electronic means from 1 January 2027. Service shall be evidenced by an acknowledgement of receipt stating the date of receipt. All correspondence other than that referred to in paragraph 1 between the court and the parties or other persons involved in the proceedings shall be transmitted by electronic means with acknowledgement of receipt. Member States shall provide the technical means necessary for this by 1 January 2027.
’













(3)






Article 18(2) is replaced by the following:







‘
2.
   
The time limit for requesting a review of the judgment shall be 14 days. It shall commence on the day on which the defendant actually became aware of the content of the judgment and was in a position to act accordingly, but no later than the day of the first enforcement measure that resulted in the defendant's assets being wholly or partially withdrawn from his disposal. An extension of this period is excluded.
’[Am. 84]




Article 18


Report


By [OP: please insert the date = 4years

4 years
 after the entry into force of this Regulation] 
and every 3 years thereafter
, the Commission shall submit a report on the

its
 implementation of this Regulation to the European Parliament and the Council. [Am. 85]



The report shall assess the following:










(a)






the impact of the scope as laid down in Article 1, including the impact on specific sectors and on specific business models;














(b)






the impact of the measures implemented, in particular regarding the payment periods as laid down in Article 3, on increasing the cash flow and liquidity on the market;














(c)






the effectiveness of the enforcement authorities as laid down in Articles 13, 14 and 15;














(d)






the potential benefits, of introducing EU wide e-invoicing, to shortening payment periods on the market; [Am. 86]







Member States shall provide the Commission with the necessary information for the preparation of that report, including information regarding the investigations, inspections, decisions, proceedings and publications of the enforcement authorities referred to in Article 14(1). [Am. 87]



The report shall include an evaluation of the impact of this Regulation on the commercial transactions and of the impact of the European Observatory of late payments on monitoring late payment practices in the EU. [Am. 88]



The report shall be accompanied by a legislative proposal, if necessary and appropriate. [Am. 89]



Article 19


Repeal


Directive 2011/7/EU is repealed.


However, from [the date of application of this Regulation] until [24 months after the entry into force of this Regulation], it shall continue to apply to the situations where micro-undertakings referred to in Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/34/EU and self-employed are debtors. [Am. 90]

References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Regulation.


Article 20


Entry into force and application



1.   This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.


2.   It shall apply from [OP: please insert the date = 12

18
 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation]
, subject to Article 19, second subparagraph
. [Am. 91]



3.   Commercial transactions carried out after the date of application of this Regulation shall be subject to the provisions of the present Regulation, including when the underlying contract has been concluded before that date.





This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at …,


For the European Parliament


The President




For the Council


The President






(1)  OJ C , , p. .

(2)  Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims (OJ L 143, 30.04.2004, p. 15)

(3)  Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 creating a European order for payment procedure (OJ L 399, 30.12.2006, p. 1).

(4)  Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 establishing a European Small Claims Procedure (OJ L 199, 31.7.2007, p. 1).

(5)  Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (OJ L 351, 20.12.2012, p. 1).

(6)  Directive 2011/7/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 on combating late payment in commercial transactions (OJ L 48, 23.2.2011, p. 1).

(7)  COM (2020) 103 final.

(8)  Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 18).

(9)  Judgment of 20 October 2022, BFF Finance Iberia SAU v Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León (OJ C 53, 15.2.2021, p. 19) C585/20, EU:C:2022:806, paragraph 53.

(10)  Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession contracts (OJ L 94, 28.3.2014, p. 1 - 64).

(11)  Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC (OJ L 94, 28.3.2014, p. 65-242).

(12)  Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors and repealing Directive 2004/17/EC (OJ L 94, 28.3.2014, p. 243–374).

(13)  Directive 2009/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of procedures for the award of certain works contracts, supply contracts and service contracts by contracting authorities or entities in the fields of defence and security and amending Directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC (OJ L 216, 20.08.2009, p. 76-136).

(14)  Judgement of 20 October 2022, BFF Finance Iberia SAU vs Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León, C-585/20, ECLI:EU:C:2022:806.

(15)  Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax (OJ L 347, 11.12.2006, p. 1).

(16)  Directive 2014/55/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on electronic invoicing in public procurement (OJ L 133, 6.5.2014, p. 1).

(17)  Directive (EU) No 2019/633 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain (OJ L 111, 25.4.2019, p. 59).

(18)  Article 23 of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013, establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 671).

(19)  Article 172a of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013, establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 671).

(20)  Article 147a of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013, establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 671).

(21)  Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 18).

(22)  Directive 2009/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of procedures for the award of certain works contracts, supply contracts and service contracts by contracting authorities or entities in the fields of defence and security, and amending Directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC.



ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/3726/oj
ISSN 1977-091X (electronic edition)