REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union (Reporting year 2021)
Date: 2023-10-24
Institutions: Directorate-General for Climate Action, European Commission
Subjects: biofuel, diesel fuel, electrical energy, energy consumption, greenhouse gas, petrol, quality standard, reduction of gas emissions, road transport, sampling

EN 

  EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 24.10.2023  COM(2023) 655 final  REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union       (Reporting year 2021)  
 
 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND 
THE COUNCIL 

Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union 
(Reporting year 2021) 

INTRODUCTION 

1. 
Pursuant to Article 7a of Directive 98/70/EC1 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels 
(henceforth the "Fuel Quality Directive") and Article 5 of Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 
laying down calculation methods and reporting requirements pursuant to Directive 98/70/EC2, 
Member States are required to report annually on the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of fuels 
and energy supplied in their territories. This reporting obligation applied for the first time for 
the reporting year 2017, following the application and transposition of Council Directive (EU) 
2015/652. This annual report comprises the data reported for the year 2021. 

Furthermore,  pursuant  to  Article  8(3)  of  Directive  98/70/EC  Member  States  are  required  to 
report on national fuel quality data for the preceding calendar year.  

This annual report summarises the information provided by Member States in relation to the 
above-mentioned reporting requirements. It is based on the data submitted by Member States 
to the European Environment Agency (EEA) for the year 2021. 

2. 

VOLUMES  AND  LIFE  CYCLE  GREENHOUSE  GAS  INTENSITY  OF  FUEL  AND  ENERGY 
TYPES 

Article  7a  of  the  Fuel  Quality  Directive,  in  conjunction  with  the  Council  Directive  (EU) 
2015/652, sets out reporting requirements concerning the following: 

• 

• 

• 

the total  volume of each type of fuel  or  energy supplied for  road transport and non-
road  mobile  machinery  (including  inland  waterway  vessels  when  not  at  sea), 
agricultural and forestry tractors, and recreational craft when not at sea; 

the  life  cycle  GHG  emissions  per  unit  of  energy,  including  the  provisional  mean 
values of the estimated indirect land use change (ILUC) emissions from biofuels3;  

the  feedstock  and  the  biofuel  production  pathway  used  for  each  of  the  biofuels 
supplied on the territories of Member States. 

The Fuel Quality Directive obliges Member States to require fuel suppliers to reduce the life 
cycle GHG intensity of transport fuels, i.e., the life cycle GHG emissions per unit of energy 
from fuel and energy supplied, by a minimum of 6% by 31 December 2020 compared with 
the fuel baseline standard for 2010 of 94.1 gCO2eq/MJ. ILUC GHG emissions are not taken 
into account in assessing compliance with the minimum 6% reduction target. The Renewable 
Energy Directive (EU) 2018/20014 foresees several measures to address ILUC including a cap 

1 Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel 
fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC, OJ L 350 of 28.12.1998, p. 58. 
2  Council  Directive  (EU)  2015/652  of  20  April  2015  laying  down  calculation  methods  and  reporting 
requirements  pursuant  to  Directive  98/70/EC  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  relating  to  the 
quality of petrol and diesel fuels, OJ L 107 of 25.4.2015, p. 26. 
3  Directive  (EU)  2015/1513  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  9  September  2015  amending 
Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending  Directive 2009/28/EC on the 
promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, OJ L239 of 15.9.2015, p. 8. 
4  Directive  (EU)  2018/2001  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  11  December  2018  on  the 
promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82–209 

1 

 
 
 
on  food-  and  feed-based  biofuels,  with  its  delegated  act5  setting  out  detailed  criteria  for 
determining  high  ILUC-risk  feedstock  for  biofuels  to  be  gradually  phased-out  by  2030  and 
the criteria for certifying low ILUC-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels.   
In the year 2021, all 27 Member States, UK (covering Northern Ireland6), Norway and Iceland 
provided  data  on  greenhouse  gas  emission  reductions  in  the  appropriate  format.  The 
comparisons between aggregated figures refer to EU-27 for all reference years.   

2.1  Greenhouse gas emissions and distance to 2020 target 

According to the data provided, the average GHG intensity of the fuels and energy supplied in 
the 27 reporting Member States in 2021 was 89 gCO2eq/MJ, which translates into a saving of 
60 Mt of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) during the year 2021. This is 5.5% lower than the 
2010 baseline of 94.1 gCO2eq/MJ (corresponding to a similar level of reduction achieved by 
27 EU Member States in 2020), which means that an additional 0.5% reduction in the GHG 
intensity of all fossil fuels, biofuels and energy supplied is needed to reach the 6% target.  

Reported data for 2021 shows that the progress achieved by EU fuel suppliers varies greatly 
across the EU Member States. Thirteen Member States (Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, 
Estonia,  Finland,  Germany,  Hungary,  Luxembourg,  Malta,  Netherlands,  Slovakia  and 
Sweden) have achieved their objective of reducing the GHG intensity of transport fuels by 6% 
by  2020,  compared  with  2010,  which  is  by  two  Member  States  more  than  in  previous  year 
(see Figure 1). The largest progress within a year was achieved by Finland and Sweden  with 
6.0  and  2.5  percentage  points  increases  between  2020  and  2021,  against  the  2010  baseline, 
followed by Portugal with 1.4 percentage points. However, most of the Member States made 
either  a  very  minimal  progress,  i.e.  below  1.0  percentage  points  (11  Member  States),  or 
remained at the same level (6 Member States) or made even a negative progress (7 Member 
States).      

In terms of the remaining distance towards the target, Poland is rather close to achieving the 
6% target with 5.3%,  while Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, France, Lithuania and Greece have 
achieved  reductions  in  the  range  between  4%  and  5%.  Finally,  in  seven  Member  States 
(Spain, Austria, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Bulgaria and Croatia), the reduction of GHG intensity 
remains  lower  than  4%.  Further  information  can  be  found  in  the  EEA  Technical  Report  No 
2023/03 on “Greenhouse gas intensities of transport fuels in the EU in 2021”7. 

5 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 of 13 March 2019 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/2001 
of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of high indirect land-use change-risk 
feedstock for which a significant expansion of the production area into land with high carbon stock is observed 
and the certification of low indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels, OJ L 133, 
21.5.2019, p. 1–7 
6 Following the end of the transition period, Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 setting out relevant reporting 
obligations no longer applies to the UK as whole. However, pursuant to Article 5(4) read in conjunction with 
Annex 2, point 47 of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland to the Withdrawal Agreement (https://eur-
lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12020W/TXT), Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 
continues to apply to and in the UK in respect of Northern Ireland. 
7 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/login?came_from=/etcs/etc-cm/products/greenhouse-gas-intensities-of-transport-
fuels-in-the-eu-in-2021/view  

2 

 
 
  
 
 
 
Figure 1: Reductions in GHG intensity of fuels achieved by EU fuel suppliers in Member 
States in the periods 2010-2020 and 2010-2021 (Source: EEA) 

24%

22%

20%

18%

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%

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2010-2020 GHG intensity reduction
(excl. ILUC)

2010-2021 GHG intensity reduction
(excl. ILUC)

2020 target

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Furthermore, in 2021, upstream emission reductions (UER)8 were reported by fifteen Member 
States  (Austria,  Croatia,  Cyprus,  Czechia,  Denmark,  Estonia,  Germany,  Hungary,  Italy, 
Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) contributing between 0.1 and 
2.7  percentage  points  in  these  Member  States  to  the  overall  GHG  emission  reduction 
achievement. Consequently, the total reported UER were 4 795 kt CO2eq in 2021 resulting in 
an additional reduction of 0.4 percentage points of the fuel GHG intensity from 5.1% to 5.5% 
(see Table 5 in the Annex of the report). The UER claimed by a supplier have to be quantified 
and reported in accordance with the requirements set out in Council Directive (EU) 2015/652. 
More  detailed  information  on  approaches  to  quantify,  monitor  and  report  on  UER  can  be 
found in a guidance note9. 
When taking ILUC emissions into account10, the average GHG intensity of the fuels supplied 
in 2021 in the EU was 3.7% lower than in 2010. This corresponds to a saving of 40 Mt CO2eq 
during  the  year  2021.  According  to  Article  7d  of  Directive  98/70/EC  laying  down  the 
calculation  of  life  cycle  greenhouse  gas  emissions  from  biofuels,  ILUC  emissions  are  not 
taken into account in assessing compliance with the minimum 6% reduction target. 

Further  action  will  be  necessary  in  order  to  decarbonize  the  fuel  used  in  transport  and 
contribute to the increased climate ambition, as set out in the European Green Deal and the 
subsequent  “Fit  For  55”  legislative  package  proposed  by  the  Commission  on  14  July  2021. 
Most  of  the  legislative  proposals  have  reached  the  political  agreement  and  are  close  to  the 
adoption  or  have  already  been  adopted.  The  political  agreement  reached  on  the  Renewable 
Energy Directive substantially increases the overall ambition of decarbonising transport fuels 
and energy carriers.  Member States  will have to reduce their  greenhouse gas intensity  by at 
least 14.5 % compared to the 2010 baseline or  will need at least a 29% share of renewable 
energy  within  the  final  consumption  of  energy  in  the  transport  sector  by  2030.  The  new 

8  “Upstream  emissions”  means  all  greenhouse  gas  emissions  occurring  prior  to  the  raw  material  entering  a 
refinery or a processing plant where the fuel is produced. 
9 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/guidance_note_on_uer_en.pdf 
10  For  this  calculation,  the  provisional  estimated  indirect  land-use  change  emissions  from  biofuels  were  taken 
into account as listed in Annex V of the Fuel Quality Directive. 

3 

 
 
 
 
transport target of the Renewable Energy Directive will repeal the 6% reduction target of the 
FQD in order to streamline the legislation. In addititon, the ReFuelEU Aviation and FuelEU 
Maritime Regulations will boost the production and uptake of the sustainable alternative fuels 
in the aviation and maritime sectors.  

2.2 

Fuel supply 

This section summarises the data submitted by Member States on all fossil fuels, biofuels and 
fuels of non-biological origin within the scope of the Fuel Quality Directive for road transport 
and non-road mobile machinery. 

Total  fuel  supply  reported  by  the  27  Member  States  in  2021  was  11  592  petajoules  (PJ), 
representing an increase of 10% compared to  2020, largely as a result of economic rebound 
after  the  COVID-19  crisis.  The  fuel  supply  remained  dominated  by  fossil  fuels  (93.3%) 
followed by biofuels (6.7%) and a very minor share (0.03%) of electricity (see Section 2.4). 
No renewable fuels of non-biological origin were reported in 2021.  

The fossil fuel supply in 2021 remained dominated by diesel (56.4%; 6 543 PJ), followed by 
petrol (22.7%; 2 629 PJ) and gas oil11 (12.7%; 1 472 PJ). Liquefied petroleum gas and natural 
gas had a combined share of 1.4% (165 PJ) (see Figure 2). 

Figure 2: Fuel energy supply shares per fuel type in 2021 (Source: EEA) 

Petrol 22,7 %

Hydrotreated 
vegetable oil HVO 1,3 
%

Gas oil 12,7 %

LPG, LNG, CNG 1,4 %

Other fossil 0,01 %

Bioethanol 0,9 %

Biogas
0,1 %

Bio-
ETBE
0,1 %

Diesel 56,4 %

Biodiesel (FAME) 4,1 %

Other biofuel
0,17 %

2.3 

Biofuel consumption 

The  total  biofuel  consumption  increased  slightly  from  723  PJ  to  781  PJ  between  2020  and 
2021 in the 27 Member States. It continues to be dominated by biodiesel  (fatty acid methyl 
ester,  FAME)  accounting  for  60.8%  of  the  total  biofuel  consumption  (475  PJ),  followed  by 
hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) (19.2%; 150 PJ), and bioethanol (14.0%; 109 PJ). Bio-ethyl 
tert-butyl  ether  (bio-ETBE)  accounted  for  1.7%  (13  PJ)  and  biogas  for  1.8%  (14  PJ)  of  the 
total biofuel consumption. All other biofuels represented a share of 2.6% or 20 PJ (see Figure 

11 “Gas oil” denotes fuel used for non-road mobile machinery as per definition in Article 2(3) of the Fuel Quality 
Directive. 

4 

 
 
 
 
3). Thus, about 80% of all biofuels are blended into diesel fuel. Detailed information for all 
biofuels and pathways can be found in the EEA Technical Report No 2023/03. 

Figure 3: Biofuel energy supply shares per fuel type in 2021 (Source: EEA) 

Hydrotreated 
vegetable oil HVO
19,2%

Other biofuel
2,6%

Biogas
1,8%

Bioethanol
14,0%

Biodiesel
60,8%

Bio-ETBE
1,7%

2.4 

Electricity consumption 

The  reporting  of  electricity  consumption  by  fuel  suppliers  is  voluntary  and  eleven  Member 
States  (compared  to  fifteen  in  2020)  reported  data  on  electricity  consumed  by  electric 
vehicles,  including  motorcycles  (see  Table  1).  The  total  reported  quantity  of  electricity 
consumed by electric vehicles has increased to 9 859 593 GJ (excluding powertrain efficiency 
adjustment)  from  6  218  196  GJ  in  2020,  representing  about  60%  of  increase.  The  actual 
electricity consumption of electric vehicles in the different Member States may be larger since 
the  reporting  of  electricity  is  not  compulsory  under  Article  7a  and  is  not  reported  by  many 
Member States albeit it would contribute towards achieving the 6% target. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 1: Electricity consumed by electric vehicles and motorcycles in 2021 as a reported 
contribution by fuel suppliers to their GHG reduction target (Source: EEA) 

Member State 

Quantity of energy 

GHG intensity 

excluding 
powertrain 
efficiency (GJ) 

including 
powertrain 
efficiency (GJ) 12 

reported by 
Member State 
(g CO2e/MJ) 

reported by 
Member State 
(g CO2e/kWh) 

Austria 

Czechia 

Estonia 

France 

Germany 

Hungary 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Total 

178 818 

2 234 

62 091 

2 853 505 

4 989 600 

28 065 

310 951 

1 236 277 

 10 158 

 4 116 

408 

10 158 

71 527 

893 

27 659 

1 141 402 

1 995 840 

11 226 

124 380 

494 511 

4 063 

1 646 

1 633 

4 063 

9 859 593 

4 052 598 

21.8 

177.0 

114.5 

15.8 

147 

58.7 

110.3 

133.4 

13.1 

90.7 

102.1 

13.1 

78 

637 

412 

56.9 

529 

211 

397 

480 

47 

327 

368 

47 

3. 

OVERVIEW OF THE 2021 FUEL QUALITY DATA IN THE EU 

According to Article 8 of the Fuel Quality Directive, all 27 Member States, Norway, and the 
United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland submitted reports on national fuel quality data 
for the year 2021.  

This  section  provides  the  data  for  petrol  and  diesel  sales,  and  the  biocomponents  included 
therein,  for  road  transport  reported  by  27  EU  Member  States.  It  excludes  other  fossil  fuels, 
other  biofuels  and  fuels  of  non-biological  origin,  as  well  as  fuels  used  for  non-road  mobile 
machinery.  

3.1 

Petrol and diesel  

The share of diesel has remained stable between 2017 and 2021, reaching the value of 72.6% 
of total  sales in  2021.  The total  amount of diesel  sold  in  2021 has  increased  by 6.4% when 
compared with 2020 likely due to the economic recovery after the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. 
Likewise, the petrol sales in 2021 have increased by 9.7% (see Table 2). 

12 In accordance with Annex I, Part 1 of the Council Directive (EU) 2015/652, the GHG reduction target is 
calculated on the basis of electricity quantities using the adjustment factor for the EV technology, which 
corresponds to the inclusion of the powertrain efficiency. 
6 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2: Diesel and petrol fuel sales for EU-27 (in million litres and their respective 
shares) in 2017 – 2021  

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

Diesel fuel sales 

Petrol fuel sales 

Total (diesel and 
petrol)  

235 388 
(73.3%) 

85 911 
(26.7%) 

241 653 
(73.3%) 

87 994 
(26.7%) 

246 865 
(73.0%) 

90 917 
(27.0%) 

217 395 
(73.2%) 

79 659 
(26.8%) 

231 224 
(72.6%) 

87 385 
(27.4%) 

321 299 

329 629  

337 782 

297 054 

318 609 

Diesel  fuel  consumption  is  dominant  in  all  EU Member  States,  except  in  Cyprus  where  the 
proportion of petrol use is 50%. Other countries with relatively high  petrol consumption are 
Netherlands,  Greece  and  Finland  with  the  corresponding  shares  of  48%,  46%  and  38% 
respectively,  while  on  the  other  end,  in  Bulgaria,  Latvia  and  Lithuania,  the  corresponding 
petrol shares range from 18%, 15% and 14% respectively.  

There  are  no  significant  changes  in  the  distribution  of  petrol  sales  in  terms  of  petrol  grade 
research octane numbers (RON) between 2020 and 2021. The majority of petrol sales in 2021 
comprised fuels with a petrol grade RON 95, the share of which slightly increased compared 
to  2020.  The  share  of  95 < RON < 98  sales  decreased,  while  the  share  of  RON ≥ 98  sales 
remained the same compared to preceding year (see Table 3). 

Table 3: Share of petrol sales in EU-27 according to RON numbers 

RON 95 

2017 

84.3% 

95 < RON < 98 

8.5% 

RON ≥ 98 

RON = 91 

6.9% 

0.2% 

2018 

80.0% 

14.9% 

4.9% 

0.2% 

2019 

2020 

2021 

77.8% 

79.3% 

80.5% 

16.7% 

14.3% 

13.1% 

5.4% 

0.1% 

6.4% 

6.4% 

0.01% 

0.03% 

3.2 

Biocomponents content  

In 2021, almost all petrol and diesel sold in the EU is marketed as containing biocomponents. 
Of  all  petrol  sold,  99.7%  contained  biocomponents13  with  the  following  breakdown:  65.4% 
contained  up  to  5%  ethanol  content  by  volume  (E5),  while  34.2%  contained  up  to  10% 
ethanol  content  (E10),  both  remaining  at  about  the  same  level  as  in  2020;  0.4%  of  petrol 
contained more than 10% ethanol (E+14).  

All  the  diesel  fuel  sold  in  2021  contained  biocomponents,  whereas  99.8%  of  diesel  fuel 
contained  up  to  7%  FAME  (B7)  and  0.2%  contained  more  (B+)15.  The  share  of  B+  has 
decreased in 2021 because of lower contribution of Belgium and France (see Table 4). 

13 This includes bioethanol directly blended into petrol or converted to ETBE and then blended into petrol. 
14 E+ is petrol fuel with > 10% (% v/v) ethanol content  
15 B+ is diesel fuel with > 7 % (% v/v) biodiesel content 
7 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Table 4: Use of biocomponents in petrol and diesel fuels sold in the EU-27 in 2017-2021 

Fuel type 

2017 

E0 

E5 

14.5% 

66.7% 

2018 

4.9% 

2019 

0.7% 

2020 

0.0% 

2021 

0.0%16 

81.5% 

73.3% 

65.7% 

65.4% 

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E10 

18.6% 

13.4% 

25.7% 

33.3% 

34.2% 

E+ 

B0 

B7 

B+ 

0.1% 

0.0% 

81.8% 

16.2% 

0.2% 

0.0% 

0.4% 

0.0% 

1.0% 

0.0% 

0.4% 

0.0% 

99.2% 

99.1% 

86.2% 

99.8% 

0.8% 

0.8% 

13.8% 

0.2% 

3.3 

Compliance of sold fuels with quality limits 

Overall in the EU, a high compliance with the fuel quality limits is observed. The very large 
majority  of  key  fuel  parameters  in  the  samples  taken  in  2021  were  reported  within  the 
tolerance limits. 

Ireland,  Lithuania,  Netherlands  and  Sweden  verified  and  reported  full  compliance  for  both 
petrol and diesel fuels. Eight Member States verified and reported full compliance for petrol 
(Finland,  Ireland,  Lithuania,  Malta,  Netherlands,  Romania,  Slovenia  and  Sweden),  and  nine 
for  diesel  (Croatia,  Cyprus,  Ireland,  Lithuania,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  Poland,  Slovakia 
and Sweden). 

Member States reported a total of 205 cases of non-compliance for petrol and 77 for diesel, 
corresponding to a share of 3.5% and 1.6% respectively of the total number of samples taken 
in   2021.  For  petrol,  the  most  common  parameters  falling  outside  the  specifications  were 
exceedances of the summer vapour pressure (in fifteen Member States), aromatics content (in 
five  Member  States),  research  octane  number  (RON),  motor  octane  number  (MON)  and 
sulphur content (in four Member States for all three parameters). For diesel, the most common 
parameters falling outside the specifications were the sulphur content and the FAME content 
(in six Member States for both parameters).  

All Member States described the actions taken when non-compliant samples were identified. 
These  actions  included  informing  the  competent  authorities,  initiating  investigations, 
imposing penalties and fines, and resampling. In a small number of cases, no action was taken 
where the non-compliant parameters were found to be very close to the tolerance limits. 

There was therefore no need for the Commission to launch any investigation in this area. It 
can  be  concluded  that  the  fuel  quality  monitoring  system  in  place  ensures  that  high  quality 
fuels are sold in the EU in accordance with the requirements of the Fuel Quality Directive.  

16 Only Latvia, Malta and Slovakia reported 247 million litres of petrol sold with no biofuel content, 
corresponding to a share of 0.3% of the total petrol sales in 2021 (due to the low share, it is left out of Table 4). 
8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 

Table  5:  Upstream  Emission  Reduction  contribution  towards  the  6%  GHG  emission 
intensity target in 2021, excluding ILUC (Source: EEA) 

Member 
state 

Cyprus 

Denmark 

Hungary 

Malta 

Slovakia 

Estonia 

Luxembourg 

Poland 

Czechia 

Germany 

Romania 

Austria 

Slovenia 

Croatia 

Italy 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Finland 

France 

Greece 

Ireland 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Netherlands 

Portugal 

Spain 

Sweden 

EU27 

GHG 
intensity 
reduction 
excluding 
UERs 

UERs 
contribution 

GHG intensity 
reduction 
including 
UERs 

GHG intensity 
incl. UERs  
(g CO2eq/MJ) 

GHG intensity 
excl. UERs  
(g CO2eq/MJ) 

Reported UERs 
(Kt CO2eq) 

3.4% 

3.8% 

4.2% 

4.8% 

4.6% 

4.8% 

5.2% 

4.3% 

5.2% 

5.4% 

4.0% 

3.1% 

4.1% 

2.1% 

3.6% 

6.2% 

2.7% 

13.2% 

4.4% 

4.0% 

3.1% 

2.8% 

4.1% 

6.3% 

4.8% 

3.9% 

21.6% 

5.1% 

2.7% 

2.2% 

1.9% 

1.9% 

1.4% 

1.4% 

1.0% 

1.0% 

1.0% 

0.9% 

0.8% 

0.8% 

0.6% 

0.1% 

0.0%17 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.4% 

6.1% 

6.0% 

6.1% 

6.7% 

6.0% 

6.2% 

6.3% 

5.3% 

6.1% 

6.3% 

4.8% 

3.8% 

4.7% 

2.3% 

3.6% 

6.2% 

2.7% 

13.2% 

4.4% 

4.0% 

3.1% 

2.8% 

4.1% 

6.3% 

4.8% 

3.9% 

21.6% 

5.5% 

90.9 

90.6 

90.2 

89.6 

89.7 

89.6 

89.2 

90.1 

89.3 

89.0 

90.3 

91.2 

90.3 

92.1 

90.8 

88.3 

91.5 

81.6 

90.0 

90.4 

91.1 

91.5 

90.2 

88.2 

89.5 

90.5 

73.7 

90.7 

90.6 

90.6 

90.1 

88.2 

89.9 

89.5 

88.8 

90.0 

89.0 

88.3 

90.3 

91.1 

90.5 

92.0 

89.9 

88.1 

90.3 

87.4 

90.0 

90.3 

91.1 

91.3 

91.0 

89.0 

90.9 

90.6 

76.1 

89.3 

707.0 

3922.3 

4164.1 

130.0 

1439.7 

562.5 

745.3 

10011.6 

2471.1 

18282.4 

2501.9 

2390.2 

456.9 

121.0 

49.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

47954.9 

17 The reported UER contribution for Italy is 0.004%. Due to its rounding up, the value in the table shows 0.0%. 
9