Roma pilot survey : technical report : methodology, sampling and fieldwork.
Date: 2023-08-30
Institutions: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
Subjects: EU Member State, Roma, comparative study, data collection, ethnic discrimination, sample survey, social integration, social situation

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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

HELPING TO MAKE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS A REALITY FOR EVERYONE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

This Technical report describes how the FRA Roma Pilot survey was carried out and the fieldwork outcomes in 

11 EU Member States. The survey methodology FRA developed, in consultation with experts and other partners, 

should  serve  as  an  example  to  EU  Member  States  and  other  researchers  on  sampling  and  interviewing  Roma.  

The methodology can be used to collect better evidence on the situation of Roma and to support EU and Member 

State policy making.

FRA – EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Schwarzenbergplatz 11 – 1040 Vienna – Austria

Tel.: +43 158030-0 – Fax: +43 158030-699

fra.europa.eu – info@fra.europa.eu

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TECHNICAL REPORT

ROMA PILOT SURVEY 

Technical report: 
methodology, sampling  
and fieldwork

 
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

ROMA PILOT SURVEY   

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

2013 — 121 p. — 21 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 978-92-9239-291-8 

doi:10.2811/49351

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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Roma Pilot Survey

Technical report:
methodology, sampling  
and fieldwork

Contents

INTRODUCTION �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5

1 

 BACKGROUND RESEARCH ON ROMA IN THE SURVEY COUNTRIES  ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6

1.1.  Mapping the areas where Roma live ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1.  Main information source: census data  .......................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2.  Main information source: census and/or other statistical data .................................................................. 7
1.1.3.  Main information source: primary data collection and other secondary data ........................................ 7
1.2.  Overview of main data sources used in each country ............................................................................................ 8

2 

SAMPLING ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9

2.1.  Sampling design  ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.  Sampling frame and representativeness .................................................................................................................. 9
2.3.  Sample size ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.  First sampling stage: municipalities, neighbourhoods or halting sites ............................................................... 11
2.5.  Second sampling stage: households and respondents  .........................................................................................12
2.5.1.  Designation of starting points for sample selection in the primary sampling units .............................12
2.5.2.  Sampling strategies for households ..............................................................................................................12
2.5.3.  Rules for selecting a sampling strategy for the selection of households ...............................................13
2.5.4.  Screening of households and respondents for eligibility and respondent selection procedure .........14
2.6.  Country-specific sampling issues ..............................................................................................................................15

3 

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE  ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16

3.1.  Questionnaire development  ..................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.  Pilot testing of the questionnaires ........................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.  Translation of the survey materials ...........................................................................................................................17

4 

INTERVIEWER SELECTION AND TRAINING ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18

4.1.  Central training ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.2.  Training materials ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.3.  Interviewer selection .................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4.  National training activities ..........................................................................................................................................19

5 

FIELDWORK ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20

5.1.  Fieldwork schedule ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.2.  Number of interviewers ............................................................................................................................................. 20

6 

FIELDWORK OUTCOME ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21

6.1.  Use of the different sampling strategies  .................................................................................................................21
6.2.  Interview length .......................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.3.  Fieldwork efforts ..........................................................................................................................................................23
6.4.  Outcome rates for responses, refusals, contacts and cooperation  .................................................................... 24
6.5.  Quality control ............................................................................................................................................................. 26

7  WEIGHTING AND CODING ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27

7.1.  Weighting procedure................................................................................................................................................... 27
7.2.  Coding ............................................................................................................................................................................ 27

8  DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28

3

9  ANNEXES ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 34

9.1.  The survey in a nutshell ............................................................................................................................................. 34
9.2.  The sample of migrant Roma in the greater Paris area .........................................................................................35
9.3.  National fieldwork agencies ...................................................................................................................................... 36
9.4.  Survey questionnaire for Roma interviews ............................................................................................................ 37
9.5.  Survey question for interviewing migrant Roma in France ................................................................................. 65
9.6.  Survey questionnaire for interviews with non-Roma ........................................................................................... 97

4

Introduction

The European Commission set up an internal Roma Task 
Force in 2010 to assess how European Union (EU) fund-
ing is used to support Roma integration and to identify 
ways to improve its effectiveness. One of the major 
issues identified by the task force, in which the FRA par-
ticipates, was the paucity of data on the socio-economic 
situation of Roma1 in EU Member States, a lack which 
previous EU and international organisation reports have 
also highlighted.

In the past, FRA survey research on Roma as a part of 
the European Union Minorities and Discrimination Sur-
vey (EU-MIDIS) focused on discrimination, hate crime 
and  rights  awareness  in  seven  EU  Member  States.  
Earlier survey work by the United Nations Development 
Programme (UNDP)2 and the World Bank had focused 
on socio-economic conditions of Roma in central and 
eastern European EU and non-EU Member States. 

In order to collect comparable and robust data on the 
socio-economic situation of Roma and their discrimina-
tion experiences, FRA designed a pilot survey covering 
EU Member States with a high proportion of Roma liv-
ing in the country. In some of the selected EU Member 
States, FRA had not surveyed Roma before (France, 
Italy, Portugal and Spain). The survey also covered a 
number of central and eastern European EU Member 
States where FRA, as part of the EU-MIDIS survey, had 
surveyed Roma some years earlier. 

In 2011 two parallel and complementary surveys were 
carried out in an effort to map the situation of Roma 
in the EU. The UNDP and the World Bank, in a survey 
funded by the European Commission, the UNDP and the 
World Bank’s Nordic Trust Fund, focused on social and 
economic development aspects. The second FRA survey 
explored the fulfilment of key fundamental rights. 

The FRA survey data collection was managed by the 
contractor  Gallup  Europe,  in  close  cooperation  and 
under the supervision of FRA experts. Starting in Febru-
ary 2011, Gallup Europe carried out background research 
to collect up-to-date information on the geographic 

1 

2 

The term ‘Roma’, as used by the Council of Europe, refers 
to Roma, Sinti, Kale and related groups in Europe, including 
Travellers and the Eastern groups (Dom and Lom); it also 
covers a wide diversity of the groups concerned, including 
persons who identify themselves as Gypsies. For more 
information, see Council of Europe (2012), Descriptive 
Glossary of terms relating to Roma issues, version 
dated 18 May 2012, available at: http://hub.coe.int/c/
document_library/get_file?uuid=83de8f0d-ee32-40c9-
b92e-e77edec46388&groupId=10227. All hyperlinks were 
accessed on 18 October 2013.
http://europeandcis.undp.org.

distribution of Roma in 11 EU Member States for sam-
pling purposes. FRA developed a survey questionnaire, 
which Gallup Europe and its national fieldwork agen-
cies translated and used in face-to-face interviews 
with  Roma  in  11  EU  Member  States  between  May 
and July 2011. FRA received the full survey data set in 
October 2011.

The Roma pilot survey was carried out in close coopera-
tion with the UNDP and the World Bank, which at around 
the same time were conducting a survey on Roma in a 
group of EU and non-EU Member States with funding 
from the European Commission’s Directorate-General 
Regional Policy. In May 2012, the first release3 of the 
survey results analysed the two surveys’ combined 
data set, which accompanied the European Commis-
sion’s Communication on National Roma Integration 
Strategies.4 Since this joint release, FRA has continued 
to analyse the results based on its own survey data 
set covering 11 EU Member States, published on the 
FRA website.5 

This Technical report describes how the FRA Roma Pilot 
survey was carried out and the fieldwork outcomes 
in the 11 EU Member States. The full survey question-
naire can be found in the annex of this report. The sur-
vey methodology FRA developed, in consultation with 
experts and other partners, should serve as an example 
to EU Member States and other researchers on sampling 
and interviewing Roma. The methodology can be used 
to collect better evidence on the situation of Roma and 
to support EU and Member State policy making.

3 

4 

5 

FRA and UNDP (2012), The situation of Roma in 11 EU 
Member States: Survey results at a glance, available 
at: http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/
situation-roma-11-eu-member-states-survey-results-glance. 
European Commission (2011), An EU Framework for national 
Roma integration strategies up to 2020, COM(2011) 173 final, 
Brussels, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/justice/policies/
discrimination/docs/com_2011_173_en.pdf.
http://fra.europa.eu/en/survey/2012/roma-pilot-survey.

5

1 

 Background research on Roma in the 
survey countries 

This  chapter  presents  the  contractor’s  efforts  to  
collect the information necessary to draw a probability 
(random) sample6 of Roma in the EU Member States the 
survey covered. The FRA Roma pilot survey took place 
in 11 EU Member States: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, 
France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Roma-
nia, Slovakia and Spain. These Member States were  
chosen because of the notable proportion of Roma in 
the population and the assumption that in most of these 
countries Roma were living in a high concentration in 
specific areas – a necessary condition for probability 
sampling at reasonable cost and within a limited time 
frame. In addition, in seven of these countries FRA had 
already gathered experience interviewing Roma with 
its 2008 EU-MIDIS survey – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, 
Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. 

The FRA Roma survey is considered a pilot as Roma 
have never been covered in comparative, cross-national 
surveys in several of the selected countries – namely in 
France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The implementation of 
the survey in these countries was one of the project’s 
main challenges.

1�1�  Mapping the areas 

where Roma live

The survey set out to cover Roma who fall under the 
broad definition of the Council of Europe, including, for 
example, Roma, Gipsy, Gitanos, Sinti, Travellers, Kalé 
and Gens du voyage.),7 independent of their citizenship 
or whether their lifestyle was sedentary, semi seden-
tary or mobile. A prerequisite for a sampling design 
which is cost- and time efficient is knowledge of the 

6  Probability sampling is a statistical approach to sample 

selection where each unit in the population to be surveyed 
has a known, non-zero probability of being selected in the 
sample. There are several different methods of probability 
sampling, such as simple random sampling, where each unit 
in the survey population has an equal selection probability. 
In most surveys, however, different (unequal) sampling 
probabilities are used in order to make the fieldwork more 
efficient (e.g. by stratifying the sample and clustering the 
interviews), and the differences in selection probabilities 
are corrected either in the design (by selecting more 
respondents from strata which are large in terms of the 
target population) or by weighting. Results obtained through 
probability sampling are therefore considered representative 
of the target population, as defined in the survey.
Council of Europe (2012), Descriptive Glossary of terms 
relating to Roma issues, version dated 18 May 2012, 
available at: http://hub.coe.int/c/document_library/
get_file?uuid=83de8f0d-ee32-40c9-b92e-
e77edec46388&groupId=10227.

7 

universe under study, in other words the size of the 
target population and its geographic distribution. 

Two factors make this difficult for Roma. One is the 
wide diversity of Roma groups and the related vague-
ness of the very term ‘Roma’, which denotes various 
overlapping and complementary characteristics (ethnic, 
linguistic, socioeconomic).8 The second is the notori-
ous underrepresentation of Roma in censuses and the 
divergence between census data, which are commonly 
used for constructing sample frames, and ’experts’ esti-
mates’. In the absence of a clear definition of ‘Roma’ 
and of reliable census or registry data, which would 
allow for a direct sampling of Roma households or indi-
viduals, the survey adopted an area-based sampling 
approach which could be applied in all survey coun-
tries. The background research compiled information 
on the geographic distribution of Roma in the EU Mem-
ber States where this information was not readily avail-
able and reviewed and updated the information used for 
EU-MIDIS three years earlier. The minimum necessary 
information included details on the proportion of Roma 
in the total population, the total number of Roma and 
the urbanisation level for all administrative areas in the 
country. Additional demographic information on the 
Roma population was of added value, as it could be 
used to assess the representativeness of the sample.

The availability of data that covers all administrative 
areas and is broken down by ethnicity, however, varies 
largely from country to country. In Bulgaria, the Czech 
Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia the 
census asks, mostly on a voluntary basis, about char-
acteristics such as ethnicity and/or information on the 
languages spoken in a household, which can serve as 
a proxy for ethnicity. In these countries, the census can 
provide at least some information on the geographic 
distribution and the basic demographic characteristics 
of Roma. In 2011, when the Roma pilot survey was car-
ried out, the most recent available census data was 
from 2000, which could have become outdated. Even 
where census data on Roma were available, these were 
likely to underestimate the number of Roma. Some 
Roma are reluctant to self-identify as Roma in a cen-
sus, resulting in an incomplete picture of the size and 
geographic distribution of Roma communities.

8 

Ivanov, A., Kling, J. and Kagin, J. (2012), Integrated household 
surveys among Roma populations: one possible approach to 
sampling used in the UNDP–World Bank-EC Regional Roma 
Survey 2011. Roma Inclusion Working Papers. Bratislava, 
UNDP. 

6

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

In France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain the census 
does not include any questions on ethnicity or lan-
guages spoken. This made it necessary to carry out more 
extensive background research on the feasibility of the 
selected survey methodology and the availability of the 
information needed for successful probability sampling. 
The following sections provide an overview of available 
data sources on Roma and the countries where each 
data source was used for sampling purposes. 

1�1�1�  Main information source: 

census data 

The 2001 census was the only official data source on 
the geographic distribution of the Roma population in 
Bulgaria,  Hungary,  Poland  and  Romania.  Prior  to  the 
fieldwork research, efforts were made to update this 
information for the municipalities included in the sam-
ple through contacts with municipal offices and/or local 
non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In most cases 
the updated information showed that more Roma were 
living in the selected municipalities than at the time of the 
2001 census. This might be due, for example, to an under-
count in the census, migration between census rounds 
leading to increased concentration of Roma populations 
in certain areas, or to an overestimate of the municipal 
Roma population by the local information source used. In 
contrast, in some municipalities the Roma communities 
had practically disappeared since the 2001 census.

Poland was an exception. Its Roma population decreased 
considerably from an already small 2001 census figure 
of 12,000. This finding was based on the observations 
of municipal workers who were contacted for advice. It 
was also consistent with fieldwork supervisors’ direct 
observations while carrying out the survey. Emigration 
was considered the main reason for this decrease.

1�1�2�  Main information source: census 
and/or other statistical data

The 2001 census in the Czech Republic and Slovakia 
collected information on Roma ethnicity, but other data 
sources were considered more relevant, up to date or 
complete.

In the Czech Republic, information on Roma settlements 
from the 2001 census was combined with informa-
tion collected during a project9 on ‘Socially excluded 

9  Project funded by the European Structural Fund and the 
Czech Republic State Budget, organised by the Ministry 
of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic and 
the Government Council for Roma Community Affairs and 
implemented by GAC spol. S r.o.

Roma Communities’.10 The FRA contractor considered 
the list of locations identified in this project as the pri-
mary source of information. The census data, however, 
allowed the addition of another 18 settlements with 
substantial Roma communities to the sampling frame 
of areas with above-average Roma populations.

In  Slovakia,  the  2004  Atlas  of  Roma  communities11 
provided more complete and up-to-date information 
than the 2001 census and was therefore chosen as the 
primary source on the geographic distribution of Roma 
there.

The Spanish census does not collect data on ethnicity, 
therefore the Map of Housing of Roma/Gitanos commu-
nities in Spain12 was used to compile information on the 
geographic distribution of Spain’s Roma communities.

1�1�3�  Main information source: 

primary data collection and 
other secondary data

In France, Greece, Italy and Portugal, no national or 
regional statistics were available on the geographic 
distribution of Roma, as their censuses do not collect 
data on ethnicity. Additional efforts were, therefore, 
made to identify a sufficient number of areas where 
Roma live in high numbers.

In France, four distinct groups fall under the generic 
term Roma:

 n sedentary French citizen Roma;

 n nomadic or semi-nomadic French citizens (Gens du 

voyage); 

 n Roma migrants not living in ad hoc camps;

 n Roma migrants living in camps (ad hoc or limited stay).

Of these four Roma categories, the background research 
identified gens du voyage and migrant Roma living in ad 
hoc camps in the greater Paris area as the only groups 
for which sufficient information could be collected to 
allow random sampling. A list of halting sites13 with 

10  GAC (2006), Analysis of socially excluded Roma localities 
in the Czech Republic and absorption capacity of entities 
involved in this field, available at: http://www.gac.cz/
userfiles/File/nase_prace_vystupy/GAC_MAPA_Socially_
Excluded_Roma_Localities_in_the_CR_en.pdf. 
11  Úrad splnomocnenca vlády (2004), Atlas of Roma 

communities in Slovakia, available at: http://romovia.vlada.
gov.sk/3554/list-faktov.php.

12  Fundación Secretariado Gitano (2007), Mapa sobre vivienda 
y comunidad gitana en España 2007, available at: http://
www.gitanos.org/publicaciones/mapavivienda/.

13  Association Nationale des Gens du Voyage Catholiques 

(2009), Guide Pratique des Gens du Voyage. For more 
information. see: www.angvc.fr.

77

Roma Pilot Survey 

estimates on the number of Roma people/families in 
their respective areas/settlements of influence. These 
estimates, in combination with data provided by districts 
and municipalities, were added to the database. 

1�2�  Overview of main data 

sources used in each 
country

Table 1 presents a summary of data sources used for 
sampling purposes in each of the 11 EU Member States 
where the Roma pilot survey was carried out.

Table 1:  Main data sources on the geographic 

distribution of Roma, by EU Member State

EU Member 
State
BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO
SK

Source

2001 Census
Research  on  “Socially  Excluded  Roma 
Communities”
Information  from  Municipalities,  Roma 
representatives, Rom Office, Prefecture 
Statistical Office, Citizen Service Centre, 
Xathi’s Roma, Socio-medical Centre, So-
cial Services of Municipalities
Fundación  Secretariado  Gitano  (FSG), 
The  Map  of  Housing  of  Roma/Gitanos 
community in Spain, 2007
Gens du voyage: Association Nationale 
des Gens du Voyage Catholiques (2009), 
Guide Pratique des Gens du Voyage.
Migrant Roma in the greater Paris area: 
List of ad hoc camps compiled with the 
assistance  of  local  associations  and 
NGOs working with migrant Roma 
2001 Census
Federazione  Rom  e  Sinti  Insieme  and 
Federation  Romanì  –  in  collaboration 
with local Roma Associations
2001 Census
Pilot Project for Municipal Mediators
Escolhas project
Diverse municipality sources
2002 Census
Atlas of Roma Communities

Source: FRA, 2013

information on the location, the number of dwellings 
and the type of site (long-, medium- or short-term stay) 
served as a basis for the sampling of the gens du voyage.

Given cost and time limitations migrant Roma were only 
targeted in the area of greater Paris. With the help of 
numerous associations and NGOs a sufficient number of 
camps were identified for interviews. For more details 
on this convenience sample, see the Annex. 

In 2008, EU-MIDIS interviewed Roma in Greece, but only 
in the area of Athens and Thessaloniki. To collect informa-
tion on the nationwide distribution of Roma, the national 
agencies asked relevant organisations and individuals 
on the municipal level, and in some cases Roma NGOs 
or service providers such as medical centres that were 
in contact with Roma, to provide information on the size 
and specific locations of Roma communities. A database 
drawn from this information served as a practical descrip-
tion of the statistical universe for the survey in Greece.

In  Italy two  federations  representing  about  90  %  of 
the local Roma/Sinti associations14 helped collect geo-
demographic information about the target group. About 
5,500 households living in some 233 municipalities were 
identified through this approach. In addition, with the help 
of Roma federations and other information sources Roma 
migrant encampments in Milan,15 Turin,16 Rome17 and the 
greater Florence area18 were identified. The database 
compiled from this information was used as an approxi-
mation for the regional distribution of Roma in Italy.

A database on the geographic distribution of Roma in 
Portugal was created using an existing study.19 Two major 
projects targeting Roma people – ‘Pilot Project for Munici-
pal Mediators’20 and Escolhas21 – facilitated contacts with 
local Roma communities and provided further unofficial 

14  Federazione Romani, available at: http://federazioneRomani.
wordpress.com; also see Federazione Rom e Sinti Insieme, 
available at: http://comitatoromsinti.blogspot.com.

15  Direct data provision by the Municipality of Milan, Councillor 

for Family, Education and Social Policies.

16  City of Turin, Foreigners and Nomads sector (2003), Gli 

insediamenti dei Rom e dei Sinti, available at: www.comune.
torino.it/stranieri-nomadi/nomadi/dati/insediamenti.pdf.
Information provided by Federazione Romani.

17 
18  Fondazione Michelucci (2010), L’abitare di Rom e Sinti in 

Toscana 2009–2010. 

19  Castro A. (2007), Dos contextos locais à invisibilização 
política. Discussão em torno dos ciclos de exclusão 
habitacional dos ciganos em Portugal, Cidades. Comunidades 
e Territórios, No. 15, pp. 63–86.

20  The project’s goal is to create fifteen Roma municipal 

mediators and to embed them in local municipalities and in 
its Roma inclusion related services so that they can establish 
a close relationship with local services and organisations and 
local Roma communities. For more information,  
see: acidi.gov.pt.

21  The nationwide Escolhas promotes the social inclusion of 

children and young people from vulnerable socio-economic 
groups, particularly the descendants of immigrants and 
ethnic minorities. For more information,  
see: programaescolhas.pt.

88

2  Sampling

This chapter explains in detail the sampling procedure 
used in the Roma pilot survey. After the preparation 
of the sampling frame, the FRA contractor randomly 
selected areas where Roma were to be interviewed, 
respecting  the  distribution  of  the  Roma  by  regions 
and urbanisation levels. The interviewers used various 
sampling strategies to select the Roma households, 
depending on the size and the residential density of the 
Roma population in a given area. One of the sampling 
strategies, focused enumeration, was applied in areas 
where Roma were living in areas where both Roma 
and  non-Roma  were  living  in  the  same  neighbour-
hood, known as ‘mixed areas’. This method, used to 
boost the probability of identifying eligible households 
when interviewing hard-to-reach populations, makes 
it possible to more easily identify individuals from the 
target group while maintaining the probability sam-
pling approach. Up to 20 % of the respondents were 
identified through focused enumeration in most of the 
11 EU Member States. 

FRA randomly selected one household member among 
those aged 16 or older to reply to the questionnaire 
providing information on all members of the household, 
on the household as a whole and on his/her individual 
situation and experiences.

2�1�  Sampling design 

FRA laid out the basic sampling design for the survey 
in its call for tender, following the sampling approach 
adopted  for,  and  tested  in,  EU-MIDIS.  The  aim  was 
to arrive at a random sample that provides reason-
ably good coverage of the target population on the 
national level given the time and resources available. 
The final sampling design had to reflect differences at 
the EU Member State level in the type of data available 
for sampling purposes and take into account the par-
ticularities of sampling the hard-to-reach Roma target 
population.  

The survey adopted a multi-stage probability sam-
pling design to achieve its objectives. Based on the 
information collected during the background research 
phase, sampling frames were created for all the coun-
tries reflecting, as much as possible, the diversity of 
the Roma groups in terms of community size and geo-
graphic distribution so that the results would be repre-
sentative of their situation.

To allow for efficient random sampling, only those areas 
where Roma lived in sufficient concentration – above 
the national average –were included in the sampling 

frames. The results are therefore representative for 
those Roma, but they are not nationally representative 
of all Roma throughout the EU Member States surveyed. 
The survey, however, does provide data relevant to the 
EU and its Member States’ with respect to their priorities 
on Roma integration and inclusion. 

The contractor was responsible for the actual creation 
of the sampling frames. In the first stage of the sam-
pling procedure, the contractor selected municipalities, 
neighbourhoods or halting sites, the latter in France 
only. In the second stage, by using different sampling 
strategies, it identified and selected eligible households 
and randomly selected an eligible person to interview 
from among the household members.

Non-Roma respondents were selected on the basis of 
the proximity of their residence to Roma. This choice 
was based on the assumption that non-Roma living near 
Roma would provide a better benchmark for the situa-
tion of the Roma than the country’s overall population, 
because they would share same administrative, social 
and economic infrastructure and general socioeconomic 
conditions. 

In five EU Member States FRA and UNDP carried out 
their survey fieldwork at around the same time. To 
enable a future joint analysis of the two data sets, the 
sampling frames were compared and harmonised as 
much as possible. In some cases, to avoid any fieldwork 
overlap, a municipality selected for both surveys had 
to be replaced in one or the other.

2�2�  Sampling frame and 

representativeness
The sampling frames used for the Roma pilot survey 
were developed on the basis of information collected 
during the background research. Using all available 
information,  the  contractor  established  lists  of  pri-
mary  sampling  units  composed  of  municipalities, 
neighbourhoods or, solely for France, halting sites, for 
all the countries included in the survey. It differenti-
ated between primary sampling units by region and 
by urbanisation level.

The FRA Roma pilot survey used a density-based inclu-
sion criterion in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, where 
the census was the primary source of information on 
the geographic distribution of Roma. To ensure effec-
tive fieldwork operations, the contractor included only 
primary sampling units with a certain minimum density 
of Roma in the sampling frame. Therefore, the primary 

9

Roma Pilot Survey 

sampling units with a lower than national average of 
Roma  residents  were  not  included  in  the  sampling 
frame; covering these areas would have been too costly 
and time consuming. In some cases, however, the inclu-
sion criteria had to be broadened to cover cities where 
the overall density of Roma residents was low but which 
nevertheless had large local Roma communities, such 
as was the case, for example, in Bulgaria. In Poland, 
all primary sampling units where the 2001 census had 
recorded Roma communities were included, irrespec-
tive of the current size of the local Roma population. 

In the Czech Republic, Greece, Portugal, Slovakia and 
Spain, the contractor included all the primary sampling 
units identified in the background research in the sam-
pling frame. For France, the contractor included in the 
sampling all halting sites documented in the background 
research as having 10 places or more for caravans of 
the gens du voyage. Sites for short-term stays of under 
one month were excluded, as these are mainly used 
for interim stops while en route to a new area. The 
interviews for the migrant Roma sample in France took 
place in all ad hoc Roma camps that had been identi-
fied prior to fieldwork in the greater Paris region. In 
Italy, the contractor included in the sampling frame all 
municipalities where the background research identified 
at least 25 Roma families, which served as the basis for 
a well-documented convenience sample.

Table 2: Primary sampling units, by EU Member State 

2�3�  Sample size

The survey set out to achieve a net sample size of 
1,000 interviews with Roma and 500 with non-Roma 
in each of the eleven EU Member States covered in 
the survey. In order to achieve the agreed net sample 
size, the contractor planned each country’s fieldwork 
to accommodate a bigger gross sample size, so that in 
the end it would have a sufficient number of interviews 
available for analysis even after normal survey non-
response and non-contact. 

The specific situations encountered in some countries 
during background research made some adjustments 
to the sample size necessary. In France, for example, 
FRA further split the 1,000 interviews with Roma into 
700 with gens du voyage and 300 with Roma migrants 
living in camps in the greater Paris area. The 500 inter-
views with non-Roma in France took place in areas close 
to the sampled halting sites of the gens du voyage. 

The mapping of Roma communities in Poland revealed a 
much smaller Roma population than had been expected 
from the 2001 census. As a result, FRA decreased the 
Roma sample in Poland to 600 interviews. In Italy, FRA 
also cut the number of interviews to 600, due to dif-
ficulties in gathering the necessary information on the 
geographic location of the Roma communities. 

EU Member 
State

Type of primary  
sampling unit

Primary sampling units included  
in the sampling frame

•	 municipalities	 with	 a	 proportion	 of	 Roma	 at	 or	 above	 the	 national	

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Municipality

average

•	 Sofia

Neighbourhood

•	 all	neighbourhoods	identified	in	the	background	research

Municipalities

•	 all	municipalities	with	Roma	communities	as	identified	in	the	background	

research

Neighbourhood 

•	 all	neighbourhoods	identified	in	the	background	research

Halting site

•	 all	halting	sites	with	at	least	10	places	for	caravans	and	with	a	minimum	

one-month stay, as identified in the background research

•	 municipalities	 with	 a	 proportion	 of	 Roma	 at	 or	 above	 the	 national	

Municipality

average

Municipality

•	 municipalities	with	a	population	of	at	least	1,000	Roma
•	 all	 municipalities	 with	 at	 least	 25	 Roma	 families,	 as	 identified	 in	 the	

background research

Municipality

•	 municipalities	where	Roma	were	reported	to	live	in	the	2001	census	

Municipality

Municipality

•	 municipalities	 with	 Roma	 population	 as	 identified	 in	 the	 background	

research

•	 municipalities	 with	 a	 proportion	 of	 Roma	 at	 or	 above	 the	 national	

average
county	capitals

•	

Municipality 

•	 all	municipalities	identified	in	the	background	research

Source: FRA, 2013

1010

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

FRA  reallocated  the  resources  freed  by  the  cuts  in 
interview numbers in Italy and Poland to increase the 

Roma sample size in all other countries, except France, 
to 1,100 interviews.

Table 3: Targeted and achieved net sample size, by EU Member State

EU Member State

Group

Target net sample size

Achieved net sample size

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

1,100

500

1,100

500

1,100

500

1,100

500

700

300

500

1,100

500

600

500

600

500

1,100

500

1,100

500

1,100

500

1,100

500

1,100

500

1,102

500

1,115

502

714

329

500

1,100

500

608

500

670

505

1,102

501

1,100

500

1,100

500

Source: FRA, 2013

2�4�  First sampling stage: 
municipalities, 
neighbourhoods or 
halting sites

The FRA survey contractor carried out centrally the 
selection of the primary sampling units – municipali-
ties, neighbourhoods or halting sites in France – using 
the lists established by the background research. These 
lists, which included only localities where the propor-
tion of Roma was higher than the national average, take 
into account the region, the urbanisation level and the 
size of the Roma population of each primary sampling 
unit. Depending on the country’s size, the contractor 
determined the appropriate geographical level using 

the Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics22, the 
sample was distributed across a reasonable number of 
geographic regions. Nationally relevant urbanisation 
levels were used to better reflect the differences in the 
urbanisation structures and statistical classifications in 
the participating countries. 

To reach the target of 1,100 Roma interviews and ensure 
an adequate geographic spread, contractor selected 
100 primary sampling units per country. The contrac-
tor also prepared a second list of such sampling units, 
with the same characteristics as the first, in case a unit 
needed replacing during fieldwork. A new unit might 
be needed, for example, if the size of the Roma popu-
lation was overestimated and the planned number of 
interviews was not achieved. 

22  For more information, see: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/

statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:NUTS. 

1111

Roma Pilot Survey 

Table 4:  Number of primary sampling units selected 

from the sampling frame, by EU Member State

EU Member  
State

Roma  
sample

Non-Roma 
sample

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

100

100

100

100

100

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

17 camps

100

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

87

100

92

93

100

100

100

Source: FRA, 2013

2�5�  Second sampling 

stage: households and 
respondents 

After selecting the primary sampling units where the 
interviews would take place, the next stages of the 
sampling process involved selecting both the eligible 
households and household members to be interviewed. 

The interview clusters were distributed across the pri-
mary sampling units to ensure that various regions and 
urbanisation levels were represented proportionally 
to the size and location of the Roma population. One 
interview cluster, in general composed of 11 interviews, 
was allocated per selected sampling unit. Within a unit, 
interviews were clustered in one or more locations.  
Furthermore, a probability-proportional-to-size selec-
tion was used to take into account the size of the Roma 
population: the number of interview clusters allocated 
to a primary sampling unit increased in proportion to 
the size of the Roma population in that unit.

In France, Italy and Poland the number of interviews 
per cluster was reduced, taking into account cuts to 
the sample size and the need to ensure that the sam-
ple had an adequate geographic spread. For interviews 
with gens du voyage in France and all interviews in 
Poland the national fieldwork agencies used a cluster 
size of seven interviews. In interviewing migrant Roma 
in France and for all interviews in Italy, the number of 
areas and the number of interviews were determined 
with regard to the characteristics of the different areas 
or camps identified during the background research.

The non-Roma interviews were carried out in the same 
primary sampling units as the Roma interviews. Given 
the smaller net sample size requirement for non-Roma, 
the contractor used a cluster size of five interviews. 

The selection of the households and the respondents, 
as  well  as  the  eligibility  criteria  applied  during  the 
respondent screening phase are described in detail in 
the following sections. 

2�5�1�  Designation of starting points for 

sample selection in the primary 
sampling units

In the Roma pilot survey, the contractor carried out 
the sampling of households based on random route 
sampling, which is also used in many general popula-
tion surveys. Once the selection of the sampling units 
was finalised, the contractor designated starting points 
for the random route sampling, except for those units 
where systematic sampling was used. 

To  determine  the  starting  points  for  random  route 
sampling, the contractor needed to know which areas 
inside the selected primary sampling units had a higher 
density of Roma populations. If the background research 
had not provided this information, the national field-
work agencies consulted municipalities, NGOs or other 
relevant stakeholders to gather this information. Then 
the national fieldwork agencies drew a map of these 
areas and defined the starting point of the random route 
sampling as the edge of the settlement nearest the 
city centre. If only one interview cluster was assigned 
to a sampling unit where Roma were living in several 
separate areas, the largest Roma area was selected. 
The same rule was then applied, with the random route 
process starting at the edge of the Roma settlement 
nearest the city centre. In mixed areas, such as primary 
sampling units where Roma did not live apart from non-
Roma, the starting point was randomly selected in the 
settlement.

2�5�2�  Sampling strategies for 

households

In  most  cases  survey  respondents  were  randomly 
selected using random route sampling. The FRA survey 
complemented this approach, however, with focused 
enumeration, a methodology developed specifically to 
improve the effectiveness of random-route sampling 
for hard-to-reach populations.

From the initial sampling stage, the sampling frame 
consisted of primary sampling units with a higher-than-
average concentration of Roma, thereby increasing the 
chances of encountering eligible households during the 
random route selection process. Focused enumeration 
was used where the proportion of Roma was lower and 

1212

where Roma and non-Roma households lived side by 
side rather than where Roma lived in more segregated 
settings. In small and confined areas such as ad hoc 
Roma camps, systematic sampling was used. The three 
sampling strategies will now be presented in detail. 

Simple random route sampling

Starting from designated starting points in the primary 
sampling units, interviewers followed precise instruc-
tions on the route. Interviewers could not use their own 
discretion to decide where to go or which dwelling unit 
to contact. The random route rules were explained in 
the interviewer training, and they were included in the 
interviewer manual, which was distributed at the end 
of the training to all interviewers. The interviewers  
were  required  to  apply  a  sampling  step  of  five,  
making contact with the household in every fifth dwell-
ing unit. A sample selected through random route has 
the characteristics of a probability sample. 

Random route sampling works with certain underlying 
assumptions:

 n dwellings are arranged along defined streets where 
one gate or door (if an apartment) normally leads 
to the dwelling of a household;

 n there are street names, intersections, numbers, etc. 
which can be used when implementing or recording 
the outcome of random route sampling;

 n these  physical  circumstances  remain  stable  for  a 
longer  period  of  time,  allowing  for  later  verifica-
tions or subsequent visits to the same address;

 n households do not live in more than one dwelling, 
although  more  households  may  live  in  the  same 
dwelling.

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

Not all the selected areas fulfilled these conditions; 
random route rules had, therefore, to be adapted to 
local circumstances in these cases. In a simplified form, 
interviews followed certain rules. Interviewers were 
required, for example, to always follow the right-hand 
side of the street, to turn to the right at each corner, and 
to always contact the household of every fifth dwelling.

Random route sampling with focused 
enumeration

Focused enumeration is used in conjunction with ran-
dom route sampling. Under this methodology, inter-
viewers ask respondents in households which have 
already been included in the sample to provide infor-
mation on the eligibility of surrounding households. 
Two dwellings on either side of the initial household are 
screened for the presence of eligible Roma households. 
Based on the information received, the interviewer 
has to personally establish whether there are eligible 
(Roma) persons at the adjacent addresses. Focused 
enumeration increases the chances of identifying eli-
gible households of the hard-to-reach population and 
delivers a probability sample.

This method was only used in primary sampling units 
where the concentration of Roma households was rela-
tively low and a simple random route sampling would 
have yielded poor results. In area with an unknown 
Roma  population  density  the  interviewers  applied 
focused enumeration as an initial method to estimate 
the density of Roma in the area and to identify the 
sampling method to apply.

Systematic sampling

Interviewers applied the systematic sampling approach 
only when the number of identifiable Roma dwelling 
units was too small to realistically complete the planned 
number of interviews by selecting every fifth house-
hold through the random route approach. The national 
fieldwork agencies used systematic sampling in halting 
sites, for example, having interviewers contact every 
dwelling unit along the random route until the number 
of interviews allocated for the cluster was achieved. 
This approach was also applied in areas with small 
local populations as was the case in Italy, Portugal and 
Poland.

2�5�3�  Rules for selecting a sampling 

strategy for the selection of 
households

The density of the Roma population in the primary sam-
pling unit and the type of settlement helped determine 
the sampling strategy. A locality was considered mixed 
if the Roma represented between 10 % and 40 % of 
the total population in the area and as segregated if 

1313

Roma Pilot Survey 

this proportion was 40 % or higher. Areas where the 
proportion of Roma was under 10 % were not included 
in the sample.

When the density of the Roma population in the primary 
sampling area was known before fieldwork started, the 
national fieldwork supervisor determined the sampling 
strategy in advance based on the following rules:

 n Mixed  areas:  The  sample  was  constructed  via  
simple random route with focused enumeration.

 n Segregated  areas:  Simple  random  route  was  

applied with a sampling step of five.

 n Camps:  The  sampling  interval  depended  on  the 
(estimated)  number  of  caravans/tents/accommo-
dations in the camp. Random route rules in camps 
were applied to the extent possible, but strict ad-
herence might be impossible in campsites with, for 
example,  an  unorganised  layout.  The  selection  of 
the sampling approach is based on the size of the 
halting sites:
-  а site with more than 50 caravans: random route 

sampling with a sampling interval of five;

-  а site with 25–50 caravans: random route sampling 

with a sampling interval of two;

-  а site with fewer than 25 caravans: Systematic 

sampling. 

In cases where it was not possible to obtain any prior 
information on the density of the Roma population in 
the primary sampling unit, the interviewer started the 
fieldwork based on a random route approach with a 
sampling step of five and focused enumeration. After 
completing focused enumeration in two households the 
type of area was deduced based on the following rules:

 n Mixed  area:  Areas  where  the  contact  with 
two  households  and  information  on  surrounding 
households based on focused enumeration resulted 
in  the  identification  of  one  to  three  eligible  Roma 
households.  In  such  cases,  fieldwork  continued 
with focused enumeration.

 n Segregated  area:  Areas  where  the  contact  with 
two households and information on the surround-
ing  households  based  on  focused  enumeration 
identified  four  or  more  eligible  Roma  households. 
In these areas fieldwork was continued with simple 
random route with a sampling interval of five.

 n Non-Roma area: Areas where none of the house-
holds  contacted  or  households  screened  through 
focused  enumeration  were  eligible  for  the  Roma 
sample.  In  such  cases  the  fieldwork  managers  
assigned a new starting point to continue the inter-
views or replaced the primary sampling unit.

The non-Roma sample was selected during the pro-
cess of random route sampling of Roma by interviewing 
respondents from those randomly selected households 
which were not eligible to be included in the Roma sam-
ple. Or, if the Roma sample was drawn in a segregated 
area, the interviewers used random route sampling 
in the nearest non-Roma or mixed neighbourhood.  
During random route sampling or focused enumeration,  
whenever  a  non-Roma  household  was  identified  it 
was selected for the non-Roma sample until the total 
number of non-Roma interviews assigned to the area 
was reached. 

2�5�4�  Screening of households and 

respondents for eligibility and 
respondent selection procedure

When interviewers contacted a household, they first 
sought to establish whether at least one household 
member was a Roma. If so, the interviewer establishes 
a list of all eligible household members from which a 
person is randomly selected to be the respondent for 
that household. 

For  household  screening,  the  interviewers  used  a 
screening sheet. During the first visit, the interviewer 
asked the person who opened the front door: “Could 
you  tell  me  if  any  Roma  live  in  this  household?  By 
‘household’, I mean all the people who live within this 
accommodation and with whom you share cooking and 
meals.” This screener question helped to identify Roma 
households where at least one member was identified 
as Roma, as well as non-Roma households where no 
member was identified as Roma. 

In  each  eligible  household  only  one  person  was 
interviewed,  chosen  randomly  from  all  household 
members  aged  16  and  older,  using  the  last  birthday 
method. In households where birthdays were not known 
or celebrated, the selection rotated, depending on the last 
identification number digit of the questionnaire, between 
eldest/youngest and male/female household members. 

 n Eligible persons for the Roma sample were persons 
aged  16  and  older  who  were  members  of  house-
holds  of  which  at  least  one  member  belonged  to 
the Roma community, who self-identified as Roma 
and  who  were  at  the  moment  of  the  survey  –  de 
facto, regardless of registration – residing in the EU 
Member State being surveyed.

 n Eligible  persons  for  the  non-Roma  sample  were 
persons aged 16 and older who were members of 
households without any identified Roma member, 
who were at the moment of the survey – de facto, 
regardless of registration – residing in the EU Mem-
ber State being surveyed and living in close proxim-
ity to Roma.

1414

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

In the case of ‘mixed’ households, namely those house-
holds where at least one but not all members are Roma, 
a respondent was selected randomly from the list of 
eligible household members. While in some cases the 
randomly selected respondent did not consider her- 
or himself as Roma, they were nevertheless asked to 
describe their household’s situation. They could also – 
voluntarily – answer the questions concerning their 
personal experiences. If the respondent opted against 
answering questions referring to Roma, these were 
coded as ‘not applicable’. All countries combined, only 
1.5 % of the respondents from Roma households chose 
a category other than ’Roma’ when asked about their 
ethnic background. This figure includes respondents 
who initially agreed to be interviewed as a Roma per-
son, but who later in the interview gave a different 
answer when asked about their ethnic background. 

All interviews were done face-to-face. To facilitate 
contact or re-contact, interviewers tried to obtain tel-
ephone numbers of the selected households to arrange 
a visit over the phone. Phone numbers were needed, 
for example, when the randomly selected respondent 
was out when the interviewers first visited, in case a 
later appointment needed rescheduling, or in order for 
the fieldwork managers to carry out random quality-
control checks on the interview work. 

2�6�  Country-specific 
sampling issues

Cooperation with UNDP in Bulgaria, Czech 
Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia 

At around the same time as FRA was carrying out its 
Roma pilot survey, the UNDP was conducting a survey 
on Roma in a number of central and eastern European 
EU  and  non-EU  Member  States.  FRA  and  the  UNDP 
cooperated closely to maximise the impact of the two 
surveys, seeking to explore the situation of Roma across 
Europe from different angles. Beyond the five EU Mem-
ber States both surveys covered – namely Bulgaria, the 

Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia – the 
two differed in geographic coverage. 

The two institutions held several bilateral meetings to 
closely coordinate sampling and fieldwork procedures, 
with the aim of ensuring that the two data sets could 
later be used for joint analysis. Cooperation allowed the 
fieldwork agencies to avoid overlap. When both surveys 
included the same primary sampling unit, one of the 
two replaced it so that both would maximise geographic 
coverage of EU Member States and Roma areas. FRA 
and UNDP contractors exchanged maps and starting 
points for random route sampling to avoid duplication. 
To ensure that no household or respondent was inter-
viewed twice, interviewers for both surveys asked the 
following question: “Have you or another member of 
your household participated in a survey related to Roma 
since 15th May?” Respondents who confirmed that their 
household had already participated in such an interview 
were not interviewed again.

Gens du voyage and migrant Roma in France

In France, the sampling of gens du voyage was based 
on a list of halting sites. In order to conduct interviews 
on these sites, official authorisation was necessary. For 
76 sites no permission could be obtained. The problems 
resulting from limited access to halting sites were partly 
resolved by decreasing the number of primary sampling 
units for gens du voyage to 70 from 100. A selected 
sampling unit that interviewers could not in the end 
access was replaced with one from the same region 
and halting site type until one was found where the 
interviews could be carried out. 

For migrant Roma in the greater Paris area the selection 
of camps for the interviews was highly influenced by 
the instability of the situation. Some camps disappeared 
or were dismantled before the interviews could start, 
while new camps appeared elsewhere. In the end, the 
same number of people were interviewed as the initial 
sampling plan foresaw, but at different locations than 
originally planned.

1515

3  Survey questionnaire 

FRA developed the questionnaire with input from the 
contractor and other stakeholders. After translations, 
fieldwork instruments were piloted in the field and, 
following feedback from the interviewers and country 
managers, were finalised. For further reference, ques-
tionnaires can be found in the annex of this report

3�1�  Questionnaire 
development 

The questionnaire needed to be as brief as possible to 
minimise the response burden imposed on the respond-
ents. FRA expected the average length of the inter-
views with Roma respondents to be 40 minutes and for 
non-Roma respondents, 25. Given the limited duration 
of the interviews, FRA carefully considered the content 
of the questionnaire, focusing particularly on the useful-
ness and policy relevance of the information collected. 

FRA prepared Roma and non-Roma versions of the 
questionnaire, which differed only by the number of 
questions asked and with some reformulations of word-
ing. Each questionnaire had two components: a house-
hold grid collecting socio-demographic information on 
all household members, (separately for those aged 16 
and older, and for children in the household); and a 
main questionnaire covering issues related to personal 
discrimination experiences, rights awareness and the 
socio-economic situation of the respondent and the 
respondent’s household. The main questionnaire con-
sisted of two groups of questions: one describing the 
characteristics of the household shared by all household 
members and one capturing the status and perceptions 
of the main respondent only. This three-tiered question-
naire construction brings it closer to the format of an 
integrated household survey and makes it possible to 
draw conclusions on the major characteristics of the 
household members based on an extended sample (all 
household members and not just the main respondent). 

The randomly selected respondent provided informa-
tion on all members of the household concerning age, 
sex, marital status, citizenship and ethnicity, existence 
of official documents such as birth certificates, educa-
tional attainment and employment status. In addition, 
the  respondent  was  asked  about  experiences  chil-
dren in the household had concerning special school 
or preschool institutions, as well as reasons for not 
being in school and possible employment of children 
(child labour). 

In the main questionnaire the respondent was asked 
to provide information on the housing and economic 

situation of the household. This part of the question-
naire also collected more detailed information on edu-
cation, employment, health and migration experiences 
and plans as well as discrimination experiences, rights 
awareness, integration and active citizenship. 

For the interviews of migrant Roma in the greater Paris 
area, a section was added to the questionnaire address-
ing the specific experiences of recent migrants.

The FRA and UNDP surveys took place in five countries 
(Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and 
Slovakia) at about the same time. This allowed both 
institutions to obtain more robust results based on a 
larger de facto sample size – that is, the combined sam-
ple size of the two surveys. FRA and UNDP therefore 
elaborated a set of core questions and included them 
in both questionnaires. This made it possible to pool 
the data from the two surveys in a combined data set, 
which served as the basis for most of the analysis in the 
joint FRA and UNDP/World Bank publication.23

3�2�  Pilot testing of the 
questionnaires

A small-scale pilot was carried out before the full-scale 
survey fieldwork. The pilot simulated the fieldwork pro-
cedures which were to be implemented in the main part 
of the survey. Sampling sites were selected in each 
country to reflect typical settings for the full-fledged 
survey, enabling fieldwork teams to pilot the sam-
pling strategies prepared for use in different settings. 
The questionnaires were tested in each country with 
20 Roma and 20 non-Roma respondents.

The national fieldwork agencies trained the interviewers  
selected for the pilot using the same draft training 
materials and curriculum planned for the full survey. 
Each national agency designated competent senior  
interviewers  or  supervisors  to  carry  out  the  pilot 
interviews  and  to  evaluate  the  usability  of  the 
questionnaire. They also provided qualitative feedback 
on the questionnaire, on a question-by-question basis as 
well as overall, through debriefing forms and in-person 
debriefing sessions with national project managers. 

23  FRA and UNDP (2012), The situation of Roma in 11 EU 
Member States – Survey results at a glance, available 
at: http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/
situation-roma-11-eu-member-states-survey-results-glance.

16

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

FRA finalised the survey questionnaires in cooperation 
with Gallup Europe based on the experiences of the 
pilot interviews. 

3�3�  Translation of the survey 

materials

Translations  deserve  particular  attention  in  cross-
national survey projects which have the aim of collecting 
comparable data. To ensure that all respondents – irre-
spective of the country – are asked functionally the 
same questions in their language, particular care needs 
to be taken when translating and proofing the fieldwork 
documents, including the survey questionnaire.

In the FRA Roma pilot survey the translation process 
started by converting an earlier version of the sur-
vey questionnaire into a WebTrans database format, 
a questionnaire database system developed by Gallup 
to support translations and dynamic archival. Forward 
and back translations of these draft questionnaires 
took place in the following languages: Bulgarian, Czech, 
French, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, 
Romanian, Slovak and Spanish.

FRA experts reviewed the translated questions before 
they were tested in the field. After the piloting, the 
questionnaire was amended where necessary. These 
modifications underwent another forward and back 
translation before the questionnaire was finalised. 

1717

4 

Interviewer selection and training

To ensure high-quality, comparable results, national 
agencies paid particular attention to interviewer selec-
tion and training. The central training seminar, which 
brought together representatives of national fieldwork 
agencies from the 11 EU Member States, focused on 
harmonising fieldwork approaches across countries. 
FRA staff attended some of the interviewer trainings 
to verify that the training was carried out according to 
the agreed curriculum. By attending some of the first 
interviewer training sessions, FRA was also able to col-
lect comments from the interviews and feed this back 
to the survey contractor and other fieldwork agencies. 

4�1�  Central training

A central training seminar was held for project manag-
ers from all national fieldwork agencies involved in the 
survey. The training was attended by senior FRA staff 
and a UNDP representative. The seminar covered the 
following topics:

To ensure a thorough understanding of the survey’s 
goals, instruments and methods, Gallup Europe devel-
oped a 50-page management manual for the national 
fieldwork managers. It contains a glossary with anno-
tated survey questions to clarify the intended mean-
ing of the questions and it provides tools for situations 
where interviewers might need to react to the concerns 
raised by the respondents. The national survey field-
work coordinators also used the management manual 
to prepare the local interviewer training sessions.

Each national partner translated the 12-page  inter-
viewer manual. It contains important information on 
several fieldwork-related issues, including:

 n sampling approach: starting points, sampling strat-

egies, schedule of visits;

 n instructions  on  filling  out  the  FRA  Route  Adminis-

tration Slip;

 n stopping  and  replacement  rules  for  primary  

 n Background  on  the  Roma  Pilot  Survey,  the  FRA 

sampling units;

perspective

 n contacting rules;

 n The Roma Experience: insight into the everyday life 

of Roma in Europe

 n notification letter/letter from FRA.

 n Discussion  on  the  questionnaire  and  the  survey 

glossary

 n Sampling – approaches and rules, sample adminis-

tration (routing slip, screener)

 n Good  practices  in  interviewing,  considerations  re-
garding  the  safety  of  respondents  and  interview-
ers, practicalities

The PowerPoint presentation used for the central training 
was provided to the national partners, who used a trans-
lated version for the national interviewer training sessions.

The notification letter was designed to help interview-
ers to introduce the survey to the respondents and to 
explain the aims of the survey. The national agency also 
provided a commission letter to each of their interview-
ers as a proof of their attachment to the agency and 
the project. 

4�3�  Interviewer selection

National fieldwork agencies were asked to assign their 
most experienced interviewers for this survey given the 
challenges in surveying Roma. Gallup Europe gave the 
following recommendations for interviewer selection:

4�2�  Training materials

 n experience with simple random route sampling;

The  contractor  prepared  training  materials  for  the 
national agencies that they adapted, where necessary, 
to the national context. The material included a: 

 n management manual;

 n interviewer manual;

 n experience 

in  communicating  with  vulnerable  

minority groups;

 n being  comfortable  with/not  prejudiced  against 

Roma;

 n overall interviewing experience;

 n PowerPoint presentation.

 n communication skills;

18

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

 n responsibility and professional ethics;

 n previous experience through EU-MIDIS if possible.

The selected interviewers attended in-person training 
where the survey was introduced to them based on the 
common training materials.

Due to the complex situation of Roma in Italy, as identi-
fied by the background research, local Roma associa-
tions designated appropriate persons to conduct the 
interviews for the Roma segment of the survey. All of 
these persons had a higher education diploma. Most 
had a Roma background and were often experienced 
as cultural mediators and in administrating quantitative 
questionnaires. The national fieldwork agency trained 
these interviewers using an extended curriculum that 
included essential general interviewing instructions. 

The non-Roma interviews were conducted by the inter-
viewers of the national partner agency. 

In France, the camps selected for interviews were com-
posed predominantly of Romanian Roma. An experi-
enced team of interviewers from Romania was brought 
in to carry out the interviews with Roma migrants in 
the greater Paris area. 

4�4�  National training 

activities

National fieldwork agencies trained the interviewers 
following the curriculum agreed upon in the central 
training session. Representatives of FRA attended some 
of the national training courses as observers.

Table 5: Overview of interviewer training activities, by EU Member State

EU  
Member State

Training period
(all 2011)

Number of 
trainings held

Number of 
interviewers trained

Mode of  
training

BG

CZ

EL*

ES

FR

HU

IT*

PL*

PT

RO

SK

14 May–9 Jun

26 May–1 Jun

16 May–26 May

23 May–17 Jun

Gens du voyage*

31 May–22 Jun

Migrant Roma

10 Jun

19 May–23 May

24 May–9 Jun

24 May–3 Jun

18 May–30 May

19 May–25 May

22 May–25 May

14

6

8

6

6

1

12

10

9

9

4

4

Note: 
Source:  FRA, 2013

*Indicates countries where FRA attended one or more training sessions.

141

77

37

42

41

6

78

50

52

24

28

49

face-to-face and phone
face-to-face, online video 
conference, phone
face-to-face

face-to-face and phone

face-to-face

face-to-face

face-to-face

face-to-face and phone

face-to-face

face-to-face

face-to-face

face-to-face

1919

5  Fieldwork

The survey interviews took place between May and 
the end of July 2011, although the precise period varied 
by country. FRA representatives participated in some 
interviews as observers.

During the fieldwork, the survey contractor provided 
continuous hotline assistance to the national fieldwork 
managers to solve any issues emerging at the national 
level. The contractor proactively monitored fieldwork 
to maintain contact with the national partners at each 
stage of the preparation and implementation period 
and to collect information on progress. Throughout the 
fieldwork period FRA received weekly updates on the 
progress as well as on the problems faced in the field. 
Where necessary, FRA and the survey contractor agreed 
on action to be taken to solve any remaining issues.

5�1�  Fieldwork schedule 

The starting date of the interviews varied from country 
to country, depending on the schedule of the inter-
viewer training sessions and availability of the inter-
viewers. All interviewers were required to attend the 
training before starting interviews. 

Table 6:  Timing of fieldwork activities, by EU Member 

State

EU Member State

Fieldwork period (all 2011)

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Source: FRA, 2013

24 May–27 Jun

26 May–3 Jul

25 May–7 Jul

24 May–11 Jul

6 Jun–28 Jul

20 May–26 Jun

25 May–16 Jul

24 May–9 Jul

20 May–11 Jul

23 May–27 Jul

22 May– 20 Jul

5�2�  Number of interviewers

Countries adopted different strategies for the inter-
views. Some countries deployed smaller teams while 
others used more interviewers to complete the inter-
views more quickly. For security reasons interviewers 
were working in pairs in some countries and areas. 
The average number of completed interviews ranged 
from 13 to 41 per interviewer for the Roma sample, and 
from 6 to 19 per interviewer for the non-Roma sample. 

Table 7:  Number of interviewers and the average 
number of completed interviews 
per interviewer, by EU Member State

EU  
Member State

Roma Sample

Number  
of inter-
viewers

Average num-
ber of complet-
ed interviews 
per interviewer

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Non-Roma Sample

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

IT

HU

PL

PT

RO

SK

Source: FRA, 2013

72
79
35
48
74
7
73
27
42
27
50
48

70
79
35
48
72
44
73
43
26
49
48

15
14
31
23
10
47
15
23
16
41
22
23

7
6
14
10
7
11
7
12
19
10
10

20

6  Fieldwork outcome

During the fieldwork, interviewers used standard contact 
sheets in order to register the outcome of their visit to 
each sampled household. This section will present the 
main fieldwork outcomes of the survey, for example the 
response rates, and other quality measures, such as the 
duration of the interviews and percentage of interviews 
quality-checked by fieldwork managers. 

6�1�  Use of the different 
sampling strategies 
The availability of data on the geographic distribution of 
Roma in the country and the density of the Roma popu-
lation in the sampled areas determined, as explained 
earlier in the report, the sampling strategy used. Three 
different strategies were used – simple random route, 

random route with focused enumeration and systematic 
sampling. 

Most Roma households were selected through simple 
random route sampling. Focused enumeration accounts 
for some 20 % of Roma households selected in Bulgaria, 
the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and 
Spain. Focused enumeration was predominantly used 
in mixed areas where the concentration of Roma house-
holds was low. In France, Italy and Poland, respondents 
were selected mainly through systematic sampling 
because of the small size of the Roma communities 
or the particular type of primary sampling unit used, 
e.g. the halting sites for caravans in France. Non-Roma 
households were almost exclusively sampled through 
simple random route in or near the areas where Roma 
respondents were living.

Table 8: Respondents identified, by sampling approach and by EU Member State (%)

EU Member State

Sampled group

Random route

Focused enumeration Systematic sampling

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma 

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Source: FRA, 2013

80.9

99.6

66.2

100.0

88.7

100.0

73.2

99.6

5.7

26.1

100.0

81.4

99.2

-

100.0

8.8

100.0

46.6

100.0

77.4

99.4

77.6

98.0

19.1

0.4

23.8

-

10.3

-

24.8

0.4

-

-

-

18.6

0.8

-

-

-

-

13.6

-

22.6

0.6

21.4

-

-

-

10.0

-

0.9

-

2.1

-

94.3

73.9

-

-

-

100.0

-

91.2

-

39.7

-

-

-

1.0

2.0

21

Roma Pilot Survey 

6�2�  Interview length

FRA developed separate questionnaires for Roma and 
non-Roma interviews. The content of the two ques-
tionnaires was largely the same, but the non-Roma 
questionnaire was slightly shorter. Roma interviews 
took 37 minutes on average, non-Roma interviews, 
31 minutes. 

The  average  length  of  the  interviews  varied  only 
slightly across countries. In Italy, interviews were the 

Table 9: Interview length, by EU Member State

longest, at 49 minutes on average. Interviews in France 
for the gens du voyage were the shortest at 25 min-
utes on average. Within each country the length of the 
interviews varied greatly. The most important factor 
influencing the length of the interview was the house-
hold size. The completion of the household grid – the 
recording of basic socio-demographic information for 
each household member – took more time the bigger 
the household.

EU Member State

Minutes

% distribution across length categories (in minutes)

Average

Min

Max

<20

20–29

30–39

40–49

>49

Roma sample

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Non-Roma sample

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Source: FRA, 2013

40

39

35

33

25

35

40

49

41

29

33

42

35

35

31

22

25

37

34

31

25

30

36

20

20

26

16

16

20

20

25

17

19

15

20

15

20

18

14

14

20

25

15

15

17

15

93

70

90

97

55

100

75

130

95

48

66

85

70

60

60

58

70

70

70

80

53

60

80

0

0

0

1

17

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

4

0

0

48

16

0

0

2

4

3

7

9

14

16

34

65

31

14

1

10

55

30

19

22

21

37

37

62

18

13

44

76

44

29

32

36

55

52

14

36

28

29

35

40

39

23

35

45

45

13

15

32

54

34

19

32

25

37

28

26

12

3

19

37

26

32

5

20

27

30

25

15

2

4

36

28

15

0

16

16

22

23

3

1

1

14

22

45

23

0

8

31

9

9

3

0

3

13

5

5

0

6

23

2222

 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

6�3�  Fieldwork efforts

At times, the household identified for an interview had 
to be visited more than once. Table 10 presents the 
number of visits needed to complete an interview. In 
some cases, interviewers needed to visit the selected 
households several times, either because no one was at 
home at the time, or the randomly selected respondent 
was not present. The interviewer made a maximum of 

three visits to establish contact with a household and 
to carry out an interview. In most cases it was possible 
to complete an interview on the first visit and in most 
countries the third visit contributed relatively few addi-
tional completed interviews to what had already been 
accomplished on the first or second visit. In the Czech 
Republic and Romania, three visits were necessary for 
about 5 % to 10 % of the interviews. 

Table 10: Number of visits needed to complete an interview, by EU Member State and sampled group

Interview completed on:

EU Member State

Sampled group

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Roma
Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Source: FRA, 2013

1st visit

91 %
95 %
87 %
90 %
85 %
91 %
84 %
84 %
99 %
96 %
99 %
93 %
93 %
100 %
92 %
95 %
96 %
77 %
77 %
78 %
82 %
87 %
85 %

2nd visit

3rd visit

8 %
4 %
7 %
1 %
13 %
9 %
15 %
15 %
1 %
3 %
1 %
6 %
6 %
0 %
7 %
3 %
4 %
22 %
21 %
16 %
13 %
12 %
13 %

1 %
1 %
6 %
9 %
2 %
0 %
1 %
1 %
0 %
1 %
0 %
1 %
1 %
0 %
1 %
2 %
0 %
1 %
2 %
6 %
5 %
1 %
2 %

Total

1,100
500
1,100
500
1,102
500
1,115
502
714
329
500
1,100
500
606
500
671
504
1,102
501
1,100
500
1,100
500

2323

Roma Pilot Survey 

6�4�  Outcome rates for 

responses, refusals, 
contacts and cooperation 

The survey reached the target net sample size for Roma 
and non-Roma interviews in all 11 survey countries. 

Table 11 provides an overview of the final fieldwork 
outcome24 by the number of households contacted to 
take part in the survey and sampled. This overview 
considers partial interviews as break-offs. Refusals and 
other cases where it was not possible to carry out the 
interview with the respondent25 may have occurred 
either at the household level (for example, a household 
member refuses an interview before it was possible 
to select a respondent) or at the respondent level (for 
example, the randomly selected respondent refuses to 
participate in the survey).

The response rate is calculated from the number of 
completed interviews and the number of households 
included in the sample whether they could be contacted 
or not. Cases of unknown eligibility, which are largely 
drawn from non-contacts with the household or refus-
als before eligibility could be established, were assigned 
proportionally to size to either the Roma or the non-
Roma sample. Thus undetermined cases of eligibility 
are included in the calculation. 

Despite  a  largely  uniform  fieldwork  methodology, 
response rates varied across countries, with the average 
being 77 % for Roma and 64 % for non-Roma. In most 
cases, response rates were higher for Roma than for non-
Roma. Comparing the 11 EU Member States where the sur-
vey was carried out, the lowest response rates for Roma 
and non-Roma were in France (gens du voyage) and Spain. 
The highest response rates for Roma were in Slovakia and 
Portugal, as well as for migrant Roma in France. 

Table 11: Survey outcome for each household selected for the sample, by EU Member State

Non-contact Non-interview Not eligible

Total

15
1
9
3
9
4
52
26
520
0
497
17
9
47
158
68

187

36

21

25

11

9

16

45
22
53
13
52
17
137
60
2
8
4
43
34
37
43
10

7

21

15

56

32

8

16

119
49
50
15
78
64
815
360
15
1
104
189
106
24
40
12

11

67

66

230

123

50

68

1,543
731
1,630
646
1,573
838
2,980
1,316
1,604
356
1,466
1,656
825
793
1,188
855

951

1,337

708

1,581

766

1,271

727

EU Member 
State

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Sampled group

Roma
Non-Roma
Roma
Non-Roma
Roma
Non-Roma
Roma
Non-Roma
Gens du voyage
Migrant Roma
Non-Roma
Roma
Non-Roma
Roma
Non-Roma
Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Interviews 
completed
1,100
500
1,100
500
1,102
500
1,115
502
714
329
500
1,100
500
606
500
670

Refusals and 
break-offs
264
159
418
115
332
253
861
368
353
18
361
307
176
79
447
95

505

1,102

501

1,100

500

1,100

500

241

111

105

170

100

104

127

Source: FRA, 2013

24  The calculation of the rates has been performed according 
to disposition codes following the international standards 
(AAPOR nonresponse coding and outcome calculation) that 
allow for comparison with other surveys. 

25  For example: permanently ill, in an institution, not able to 

participate because of a disability which would not make the 
interview possible, language barrier, not available.

2424

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

A refusal rate is the proportion of the number of refused 
or not completed interviews, either at the household 
or respondent level, out of all potentially eligible cases. 
This rate was the highest in Spain, for Roma and non-
Roma, and lowest among migrant Roma in France. 

local authorities for interviewers to gain access to the 
halting sites to interview gens du voyage. Since this 
permission was not always granted or not provided in 
time for the fieldwork, this additional administrative 
hurdle made it more difficult to contact the households. 

Contact rates measure the proportion of all cases in 
which an interviewer reached some responsible mem-
ber of the housing unit. Once again, cases of unknown 
eligibility have been included in the calculation by dis-
tributing them proportionally according to the size of 
the Roma and non-Roma population. Contact rates were 
high in all countries and for all groups, except for France. 
In France, it was necessary to obtain permission from 

The proportion of completed interviews out of all eligi-
ble households contacted is called a cooperation rate. 
There are both household- and respondent-level coop-
eration rates. Household-level rates are presented in 
Table 12. Persons unable to take part in an interview 
are considered unable to cooperate and are therefore 
excluded from the calculation. 

Table 12: Outcome rates for responses, refusals, contacts and cooperation, by EU Member State

EU Member State

Sampled group

Response rate

Refusal rate

Contact rate

Cooperation rate*

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

0.773

0.733

0.696

0.793

0.737

0.647

0.515

0.525

0.449

0.927

0.367

0.750

0.695

0.788

0.436

0.795

0.537

0.868

0.780

0.814

0.777

0.901

0.759

Note: 
Source:  FRA, 2013

*Household level cooperation rates.

0.186

0.233

0.265

0.182

0.222

0.327

0.398

0.385

0.222

0.051

0.265

0.209

0.245

0.103

0.389

0.113

0.257

0.087

0.164

0.126

0.155

0.085

0.193

0.990

0.998

0.994

0.995

0.994

0.995

0.976

0.973

0.673

1.000

0.635

0.988

0.988

0.939

0.862

0.919

0.801

0.972

0.967

0.982

0.983

0.992

0.976

0.806

0.759

0.724

0.814

0.768

0.664

0.564

0.577

0.669

0.948

0.581

0.782

0.740

0.885

0.528

0.876

0.677

0.909

0.826

0.866

0.833

0.914

0.797

2525

Roma Pilot Survey 

6�5�  Quality control 

Gallup developed a short questionnaire to support and 
standardise national efforts of interview/interviewer 
validation. Fieldwork managers carried out verification 
interviews by telephone using a WebCATI system, so 
that the results were directly collected in a central data-
base. Face-to-face verification was chosen for cases 
where no telephone number had been provided.

For these call backs, 10 % of respondents, both Roma 
and  non-Roma,  were  randomly  selected.  In  addi-
tion, whenever inconsistencies in the answers were 
detected, the respondent was contacted for clarifica-
tions. In these cases the respondent was also included 
in the call-back exercise, thereby increasing the overall 
number of cases checked in a given country. 

Table 13: Call back and validation efforts, by EU Member State

EU Member State

BG
CZ
EL
ES
FR**
HU
IT
PL
PT
RO
SK

No. of call back of respondents

Roma
316
110
310
400
154
165
60
110
210
220
110

Non-Roma
129
50
138
191
165
75
50
50
90
76
50

No. of checked 
interviews in all

% of checked 
interviews

% of checked 
routes*

445
160
448
591
319
240
110
160
300
296
160

28 %
10 %
28 %
37 %
26 %
15 %
10 %
10 %
19 %
19 %
10 %

18 %
13 %
18 %
100 %
10 %*
10 %
10 %*
10 %
23 %
15 %
10 %

Notes:   * Based only on random route sampling for non-Roma interviews, as for Roma systematic sampling was used in most cases.

** Gens du voyage only.

Source:  FRA, 2013

2626

 
7  Weighting and coding

7�1�  Weighting procedure
In the absence of reliable data on the statistical popula-
tion (Roma and non-Roma living in the same areas or 
nearby), only within-household selection probability 
weighting was applied to the survey data set. Such 
design weightings corrected for differential selection 
probabilities of the individual within the household as 
a function of the number of persons in the household 
belonging to the survey target group.

These weights were capped at three to prevent a small 
number of responses with very high weightings from 
exerting a large impact on the results. FRA used these 
weightings in the survey analysis on respondent-level 
items; this type of weighting is not needed when ana-
lysing household-level results. 

7�2�  Coding

The survey used mainly closed questions. Coding of 
the few verbatim answers was not performed at the 
outset. Only questions that inquired about past and 
future migration destination countries (questions G1, G7, 
G14 – see the questionnaire in the annex) were trans-
lated into English and the countries, as indicated by the 

respondents, were assigned numeric codes which could 
be used in later analysis. Verbatim answers to questions 
about nationality, other ethnic background than Roma, 
and generally all response categories where respond-
ents could provide further information which had not 
been  captured  by  the  available  categories  (‘other, 
specify’) were assigned numeric codes (question A6, 
A7, A8, B6, B7, B16, M5 GF15). 

The  income  questions  (E3_1,  E3_2)  and  monthly 
expenditure questions (E2A, E2B, E2C, E2D, E2E, E2F) 
used the national currency, and the answers were later 
converted into euros. The exchange rates used for the 
conversion were those valid on 1 June 2011. 

Table 14:  Exchange rates used to convert national 

currencies into euros, by EU Member State

EU Member 
State
BG
CZ
HU
PL
RO

Source: FRA, 2013

Currency 

Lev
Koruna
Forint
Zloty
New Leu

ECB exchange rate 
as of 1 June 2011

0.5113
0.04081
0.003756
0.2527
0.2421

27

Roma Pilot Survey 

8  Description of the sample

The sample composition is key to the proper interpreta-
tion of the survey results. The following tables provide 
an overview of the main characteristics of the Roma 
and the non-Roma samples in the FRA Roma pilot sur-
vey. The tables present the situation of the Roma and 
non-Roma respondents or of the household as a whole, 
the distribution by age is shown for respondents and 
all household members. 

Table 15 presents the number of respondents and the 
number of household members for which information 
was obtained from the household grid (as reported by 
the respondent). Since only one respondent was inter-
viewed in each household, the number of respondents 
also indicates the total number of households surveyed.

Table 15: Number of respondents (households) and household members included in the sample, by EU Member State

EU Member State

Respondents/ 
households

Roma household 
members 

Respondents/ 
households

Non-Roma household 
members 

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Total

Source: FRA, 2013

1,100

1,100

1,102

1,115

714

329

1,100

608

670

1,102

1,100

1,100

11,140

4,690

4,112

5,449

4,807

2,377

1,240

4,864

2,670

2,558

4,502

4,995

5,359

47,623

500

500

500

502

500

500

500

505

501

500

500

1,245

1,281

1,369

1,441

1,210

1,234

1,210

1,397

1,453

1,457

1,591

5,508

14,888

2828

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

Several questions in the survey concerned the house-
hold as a whole. One of the main household-level char-
acteristics is its size – that is, the number of persons 
living in the household. 

The results show that in all EU Member States sur-
veyed, Roma households are on average bigger than 
non-Roma households (Table 16). 

After each interview, the interviewers were asked to 
complete a short questionnaire concerning their impres-
sions of the interview. Interviewers were also asked to 
assess the type of neighbourhood. Interviewers noted 

few or no differences in most EU Member States as 
to the type of neighbourhood where Roma and non-
Roma were interviewed – an indication that both lived 
in the same or comparable areas in close vicinity to one 
another. This corresponded with the survey’s objective: 
to survey non-Roma who live in the same or similar 
areas as the Roma. In France, Greece and Italy, Roma 
who were interviewed in camps did not always live near 
non-Roma. In France, for example, gens du voyage were 
interviewed at halting sites that were not always close 
to non-Roma households, which was also true of some 
of the camps of the migrant Roma in France. 

Table 16: Number of household members, by group surveyed and by EU Member State (%)

EU Member 
State

Sampled group 

1

2

3

4 to 5

6 to 7

Persons per household (%)

BG

CZ

EL

ES

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

FR

Migrant Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Source: FRA, 2013

6.4

25.8

14.3

22.0

2.6

17.6

4.4

15.9

13.7

10.0

23.2

7.5

26.8

5.8

27.2

11.2

21.4

4.1

15.8

4.9

20.4

5.3

13.0

19.1

35.4

18.2

32.0

12.9

32.6

13.7

29.3

23.9

23.4

39.8

14.1

36.4

14.3

30.8

14.8

27.9

15.4

32.9

15.1

28.4

12.0

26.6

14.3

16.4

15.8

22.4

12.0

21.2

17.7

24.5

19.5

21.0

18.6

16.5

14.8

18.6

20.0

21.9

23.0

20.6

22.2

15.9

18.8

14.5

20.2

36.3

18.8

34.3

22.2

37.6

25.8

41.2

26.5

33.1

28.0

16.0

35.9

18.2

34.7

21.2

35.7

23.2

39.8

21.8

37.0

25.0

32.6

31.6

15.4

3.4

13.6

1.4

23.8

2.6

17.0

3.2

8.4

9.7

2.2

16.5

2.8

18.1

0.8

12.1

4.2

17.2

6.6

16.5

6.4

22.7

8.2

8 +

8.6

0.2

3.8

0.0

11.2

0.2

6.0

0.6

1.4

7.9

0.2

9.5

1.0

8.6

0.0

4.3

0.4

2.9

0.8

10.6

1.0

12.9

0.4

Average 
household size

4.26

2.49

3.74

2.56

4.94

2.74

4.31

2.87

3.33

2.42

3.77

4.42

2.47

4.39

2.42

4.09

2.90

3.82

2.77

4.54

2.91

4.87

3.18

2929

Roma Pilot Survey 

Table 17: Type of neighbourhood of Roma and non-Roma households surveyed, by EU Member State (%)

Type of settlement the household lives in

 EU 
Mem-
ber 
State

Sampled 
group 

Capital

City/Big 
town

Outskirts/ 
suburbs of 
big cities 
and towns

Small 
town

Village/ 
rural area

Fixed 
encamp-
ment for 
travellers

Temporary 
encamp-
ment for 
travellers

Other

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Roma

5.0

16.0

31.0

48.0

Non-Roma

5.0

Roma

13.0

Non-Roma

13.0

Roma

Non-Roma

16.0

26.1

31.0

7.3

8.0

Roma

27.4

14.8

Non-Roma

29.5

14.3

31.0

22.9

26.0

33.4

57.0

15.5

14.3

48.0

4.0

5.0

3.4

5.0

26.3

27.7

34.0

25.0

25.2

30.0

15.6

14.1

16.8

42.0

35.2

6.0

Gens du 
voyage
Migrant 
Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

1.8

6.0

6.0

5.4

9.1

10.0

8.6

Non-Roma

24.8

30.8

Roma

3.1

31.8

Non-Roma

4.8

44.4

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

7.1

7.0

5.0

Non-Roma

4.8

Roma

Non-Roma

41.8

47.7

8.5

9.6

4.0

4.0

66.0

4.1

3.2

19.1

22.8

7.2

6.1

28.7

22.4

4.3

4.2

32.2

26.9

27.2

14.8

19.8

50.3

39.8

8.2

12.0

24.0

23.0

15.0

16.4

53.9

53.6

0.2

1.8

7.6

5.0

7.5

11.0

58.2

58.4

81.0

79.6

30.8

0.4

84.5

15.5

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

41.9

5.8

4.3

100.0

5.6

1.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Source: FRA, 2013

Another important factor influencing the interpreta-
tion of the results is the age structure of the sample 
population. The following information on age distribu-
tion distinguishes between the population living in the 

selected households (‘household members’) and the 
respondents who have been chosen from all eligible 
household members (‘respondents’). 

3030

 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

Roma household members

Non-Roma household members

Figure 1: Members of Roma and non-Roma households by age (%)

6.0 %

5.0 %

4.0 %

3.0 %

2.0 %

1.0 %

0.0 %

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Source: FRA, 2013

Age in years

The age distribution of all household members shows 
marked differences between Roma and non-Roma liv-
ing in the same areas as Roma or nearby. In all 11 EU 
Member States, the Roma households surveyed are 
generally younger; they have more children and fewer 
older persons. 

This finding is also true when comparing the age struc-
ture of the Roma and the non-Roma respondents aged 
16 years and older. Roma respondents are typically 
younger than the non-Roma respondents. There are 
also fewer older persons in the Roma group. 

Figure 2: Roma and non-Roma respondents by age (%)

Roma respondents

Non-Roma respondents

6.0 %

5.0 %

4.0 %

3.0 %

2.0 %

1.0 %

0.0 %

16

26

36

46

56

66

76

86

Age in years

Source: FRA, 2013

3131

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

For a few survey respondents (about 0.4 % of the Roma 
household members and 0.6 % of the non-Roma house-
hold members) there is no information on age. This 
could be because the respondents refused to answer 
the question or because they did not know the age of 
all household members. 

In  general,  women  are  slightly  overrepresented  in 
the sample of respondents compared to the gender 

distribution of the members of the households sur-
veyed. In Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal and Spain, women 
are slightly overrepresented in the sample of respond-
ents compared to the gender composition of the house-
hold population for Roma and for non-Roma. In France, 
Italy and Romania, women are slightly overrepresented 
compared to the gender composition of the household 
population for Roma. 

Table 18: Gender of Roma and non-Roma respondents surveyed, by EU Member State (%)*

EU Member State

Sampled group

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Gens du voyage

Migrant Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Roma

Non-Roma

Note: 
Source:  FRA, 2013

*Weighted results.

Male

39.8

39.1

44.6

45.0

45.7

37.3

38.6

38.6

42.9

48.1

50.7

44.4

43.9

54.4

41.3

39.5

35.4

44.1

39.3

42.7

49.1

43.8

40.4

Gender

Female

60.2

60.9

55.4

55.0

54.3

62.7

61.4

61.4

57.1

51.9

49.3

55.6

56.1

45.6

58.7

60.5

64.6

55.9

60.7

57.3

50.9

56.2

59.6

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

3232

A person’s country of birth, compared with their cur-
rent country of residence, is generally used as a migra-
tion background indicator. In Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, 
Romania and Slovakia, almost all Roma and non-Roma 
surveyed were born in their country of residence. In 
the Czech Republic, a greater number of Roma and 
non-Roma were not born in their country of residence, 
possibly due to the division of Czechoslovakia in 1993. 
The proportion of Roma respondents who did not hold 
citizenship in their country of residence was particularly 
high in Italy, at about 40 %, due in part to the inclu-
sion of migrant camps in the overall sampling frame. 
In France, Greece, Portugal and Spain almost all Roma 
surveyed were also born in the respective EU Member 
State, while the percentage of non-Roma born else-
where was higher. 

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

Table 19:  Country of birth of Roma and non-Roma 

respondents included in the survey,  
by EU Member State (%)

EU Member State

Place of birth is country 
of residence

Roma

Non-Roma

100.0 %

99.3 %

BG

CZ

EL

ES

FR

HU

IT

PL

PT

RO

SK

87.0 %

97.9 %

98.1 %

Gens du voyage

95.8 %

Migrant Roma

99.8 %

60.2 %

98.2 %

99.0 %

100.0 %

98.5 %

96.8 %

89.5 %

88.1 %

94.2 %

98.5 %

97.9 %

99.4 %

89.1 %

99.5 %

99.1 %

Source: FRA, 2013

3333

9  Annexes

9�1�  The survey in a nutshell

Which EU Member States were included?

The  FRA  Roma  pilot  survey  covers  the  following  
11 EU Member States:

EU Member State
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
France
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain

Country code
BG
CZ
FR
EL
HU
IT
PL
PT
RO
SK
ES

diversity of the groups concerned, including persons 
who identify themselves as ‘Gypsies’”26 The Council of 
Europe also notes that the term gens du voyage is used 
in France as an administrative term to refer to Roma, 
Sinti/Manush and Gypsies/Gitans, and other non-Roma 
groups with a nomadic way of life. Gens du voyage is 
also used in this report when referring to one of the 
two Roma groups surveyed in France.

What did the survey ask?

The FRA Roma pilot survey covered a number of topics 
related to the situation and living conditions of Roma, 
including questions on:

 n Respondents’ situation in employment, education, 

health and housing.

 n The neighbourhood where Roma live, and the avail-

able infrastructure.

 n Integration,  discrimination,  rights  awareness  and 

Who was interviewed and how?

citizenship issues.

In each EU Member State covered in the survey, about 
1,000 Roma and 500 non-Roma persons were sampled 
randomly, in areas that were known to have a proportion 
of Roma residents above the national average. Across all 
EU Member States, the survey interviewed 11,140 Roma 
and 5,508 non-Roma living in close proximity to Roma. 
Respondents were asked about their views and experi-
ences and to provide information about all other house-
hold members. Therefore, in total, the survey collected 
data on the situation of about 61,000 Roma and non-
Roma persons – including the respondents and other 
people living in the same household.

Face-to-face interviews, which typically took place 
in the respondents’ homes, collected information on 
the household and its members. In each household 
one person aged 16 or older was randomly selected 
to participate in the survey. Non-Roma respondents 
were sampled from the same residential area as Roma 
or, if this was not possible, from neighbourhoods close 
to these Roma settlements. 

Who are the Roma?

In the context of the FRA pilot survey, ‘Roma’ is used as 
an umbrella term. The use of this term in official EU doc-
uments generally follows the approach of the Council 
of Europe, which uses the term to refer to “Roma, Sinti, 
Kale and related groups in Europe, including Travellers 
and Eastern groups (Dom and Lom), and covers the wide 

 n Mobility and migration.

 n Basic  socio-demographic  characteristics  of  all 

household members.

How representative are the results?

The results are representative for those Roma living 
in areas where they reside in greater density than the 
national average, often physically segregated and thus 
facing a higher risk of marginalisation. These popula-
tions are the priority target of the National Roma Inte-
gration Strategies. This makes the survey directly policy 
relevant; it generates evidence on the status of the 
primary beneficiaries of those strategies.

Non-Roma living in the same areas as Roma, or in close 
proximity to them, were interviewed to benchmark the 
Roma results, as they share similar living conditions. 
The results on non-Roma are, representative for non-
Roma persons living in or near areas where Roma live 
in greater density than the national average. They are 
not representative for the general population of the 
respective countries as reflected in the averages of 
national statistics. 

26  Council of Europe (2012), Descriptive Glossary of terms 
relating to Roma issues, version dated 18 May 2012, 
available at: http://hub.coe.int/c/document_library/
get_file?uuid=83de8f0d-ee32-40c9-b92e-
e77edec46388&groupId=10227.

34

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

How were the survey interviews carried out?

The  fieldwork  and  interviews  were  coordinated  by 
Gallup Europe, working as a contractor for FRA. In each 
of the survey countries, national partner agencies of 
Gallup Europe selected and trained interviewers ahead 
of the May–July 2011 interviews. The interviews were 
carried out face-to-face in the national languages of 
the 11 EU Member States, in most cases in respondents’ 
homes.  The  duration  of  an  interview  averaged 
37 minutes for Roma and 31 minutes for non-Roma.

9�2�  The sample of migrant 
Roma in the greater 
Paris area

Preparation of the interviews of the Roma migrant 
sample  in  France  started  at  the  end  of  May  with  a 
pilot study in the camps to be included in the survey.  
During the pilot phase the survey team identified contact 
persons in NGOs or experts working in Roma camps in 
and around Paris who were helpful in the identification 
of and access to the camps. A list of some 10 camps 
with mainly Roma from Romania was established and 
information on the camp sizes gathered. Fieldwork 
personnel visited some camps together with fieldwork 
facilitators from Romania to establish contacts with 

camp leaders and residents, asking them for permission 
to carry out interviews at a later stage. In one camp 
10 questionnaires were completed as a pilot exercise. 

As only Roma from Romania inhabited all the camps 
identified, a Romanian interviewing team conducted the 
interviews in Romanian. This fieldwork was carried out 
between 14 June and 22 June 2011. The team completed 
331 questionnaires at 17 different sites/camps located 
in Paris and its northern suburbs. 

From the initial list of 10 camps identified during the pilot 
fieldwork, only six still existed or were accessible at the 
time of the fieldwork. For this reason, the initial list of 
camps  of  Roma  migrants  from  Romania  was  supple-
mented during the fieldwork. To do so, the contractor drew 
on information from camp leaders, residents and contacts 
in Paris, including the Red Cross, Doctors of the World, and 
the European Roma Rights Centre. The fieldwork team 
also discovered additional camps visible from the road.

In the end, the team identified 17 sites or camps in which 
they were able to conduct interviews. The fieldwork 
started in sites/camps in which the team had already 
been able to contact the camp leaders/residents dur-
ing the project’s pilot phase. Depending on the size of 
the camp site, the interviewers were split into smaller 
teams. In exchange for their time, the respondents were 
offered basic food stuffs and other household products.

Table 20:  Overview of estimated camp sizes and number of interviews, by Roma migrant camp in the greater Paris area

Camp site
Camp 1
Camp 2
Camp 3
Camp 4
Camp 5
Camp 6
Camp 7
Camp 8
Camp 9
Camp 10
Camp 11
Camp 12
Camp 13
Camp 14
Camp 15
Camp 16
Camp 17
TOTAL

Total number of interviews
21
32
10
6
31
25
9
17
18
20
5
6
75
15
6
27
8
331

Estimated number of dwellings and/or persons per camp

200 persons
250 persons
20 barracks/80–100 persons
15–20 barracks/80 persons
150–200 persons
40 barracks, caravans and tents/ 150–200 persons
30 caravan/barracks and about 7 tents with 150 persons
7 caravans with 30 persons and roughly 15 barracks with 70 persons
about 20 households with 75–100 persons
about 30 caravans/120–150 persons
50 persons
30 barracks/households about 100-150 persons
at least 450–500 persons
about 20 households with 75–100 persons
About 100 persons
About 100–150 persons in tents, barracks or caravans
10–12 tents and barracks with about 40 persons
Estimated population in the camps: more than 2,200 persons

Note: 

‘Official’ counts of camp sizes were rarely available. The numbers presented in Table 20 are estimates based on information 
provided by various local sources. In addition to information and estimates by local sources, the fieldwork team tried to establish 
an initial estimate on the size of each camp by counting the number of barracks or tents. Later on, the numbers collected were 
double-checked with the interviewers in each camp based on their first-hand impressions. 

Source:  FRA, 2013

3535

Roma Pilot Survey 

9�3�  National fieldwork 

agencies

The  FRA  Roma  pilot  survey  was  implemented  by 
national agencies and their national research experts 
in each country – the work was coordinated by Gallup 
Europe. Table 21 presents a list of the local fieldwork 
agencies. 

Table 21:  National fieldwork agencies by  

EU Member State

EU Member State

National Partner Agency

Gens du voyage
Migrant Roma

BG
CZ
EL
ES

FR

HU
IT
PL
PT
RO
SK

Source: FRA, 2013

Vitosha Research
Focus CZ
Metron Analysis
Simple Logica
Efficience3
Gallup Europe 
Gallup Hungary
Demoskopea
Gallup Poland
Consulmark
Gallup Romania
Focus SK

3636

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

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B

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE

Please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to ten at the top. Suppose we say that the 
top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you, and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst pos-
sible life for you. [Read A-B]

W1.A.  On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time, assuming that the 
higher the step the better you feel about your life, and the lower the step the worse you feel about it? 
Which step comes closest to the way you feel? 

10 Best possible life
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 Worst possible life

98 (DK)
 99 (Refusal)

W2.B. 

Just your best guess, on which step do you think you will stand in the future, say about five years from 
now?

10 Best possible life
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 Worst possible life

98 (DK)
99 (Refusal)

Thank you for your cooperation. I would now like to ask some questions about the area where you are currently 
living and about your accommodation.

3939

 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

C� NEIGHBOURHOOD

ASK ALL

C1. 

How long have you been living here in this neighbourhood? [IN CASE OF TRAVELLERS, ASK: How long have 
you been living here in this site or place?]

Less than 3 months 
3 months to less than 6 months 
6 months to less than 12 months 
1 to 5 years 

01 
02 
03 
04 
05  More than 5 years but not always 
06  Born here 

96  Refusal  
97  Does not understand question   
98  NA  
99  DK  

GO TO C2
GO TO C2
GO TO C2
GO TO C2
GO TO C4
GO TO C4

GO TO C4
GO TO C4
GO TO C4
GO TO C4

IF C1=05, 06, 96, 97, 98, 99 SKIP TO C4 

ASK IF C1= 01 OR 02 OR 03 OR 04  

C2. 

Could you please tell me the main reasons why you moved to your current neighbourhood? 

DO NOT READ OUT, CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Forced to move by authorities/evicted/home was demolished
02 Have been relocated/home was provided
03 No official papers
04 Less discrimination/racism
05 Could no longer afford the rent
06 Because lost work/job/employment
07 To find housing conditions that better suit the family’s needs
08 Better chances of finding employment, pay/better working conditions 
09 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
10 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
11 We are only staying here temporarily/for a limited time
12 This is a usual place where we stop/en route 
13 Better neighbourhood
14 Can’t remember
15 Other reasons

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

4040

 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF C1= 01 OR 02 OR 03 OR 04 

C3. 

When you moved here, did you receive any help in finding accommodation from the State, Local Govern-
ment, etc.?

1 Yes 
2 No, although you wanted or needed some help
3 No, but you did not want any help

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL

C4. 

Could you please tell me if in the past 5 years (or since you have lived in this neighbourhood) the following 
things have improved, stayed the same or got worse in your neighbourhood? 

[FOR TRAVELLERS, ASK: Could you please tell me if in the past 5 years (or since you have known this neighbour-
hood/site) the following things have improved, stayed the same or got worse in your neighbourhood/site?]

READ OUT 

Improved

Stayed 
the same

Got  
worse

Refusal

Does not 
understand question

NA

DK

a) Neighbourhood in general 
b) Roads and pavements
c) Public buildings e.g. 
schools, hospitals, etc.…
d) Private or public housing 
estates/houses/apartments
e) Sewage systems/drains
f) Electricity/gas supplies
g) Public transport
h) Drinking water system

1
1

1

1

1
1
1
1

2
2

2

2

2
2
2
2

3
3

3

3

3
3
3
3

6
6

6

6

6
6
6
6

7
7

7

7

7
7
7
7

8
8

8

8

8
8
8
8

9
9

9

9

9
9
9
9

4141

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

D� HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

ASK ALL

D1. 

Do you live in this accommodation all year long? 

01 Yes, the whole year
02 No, only part of the year

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

D2. 

How many rooms are there in your accommodation used by your household only? Do not count the kitchen, 
the corridor, the bathroom and rooms rented out or used by persons who do not belong to your household.

Number of rooms: |__||__|

95 Caravan, tent, mobile home without separating walls
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK ALL

D3. 

Does your accommodation have any of the following…? 

a) Piped water inside 
b)Toilet inside
c) Latrine/Toilet outside 
d) Kitchen inside
e) Shower or bathroom inside
f) Connection to the sewerage 
system or waste water tank
g) Electricity supply
h) Any kind of heating facility 

ASK ALL

Yes
1
1
1
1
1

1

1
1

No
2
2
2
2
2

2

2
2

Refusal Does not understand question

6
6
6
6
6

6

6
6

7
7
7
7
7

7

7
7

NA
8
8
8
8
8

8

8
8

DK
9
9
9
9
9

9

9
9

D4. 

Who owns the accommodation you are living in now? 

ONLY ONE ANSWER IS POSSIBLE

01 A member of your household or family
02 Private ownership (by an unrelated person or company) 
03 Municipal/ State ownership
04 Housing project of an NGO/Church, etc…. 
05 Unknown ownership
06 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

4242

 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL

D5. 

Thinking about the past 5 years, (or since you have lived in this accommodation) have you ever had problems 
with, for instance, a leaky roof, damp walls, the plumbing system, the electric wiring, vermin, etc. …? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA 
9 DK 

ASK IF YES TO D5

GO TO D6
GO TO D7

GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7

D6. 

Were you able to get these things repaired or to repair them yourself?  

1 Yes, all of them 
2 Yes, most of them  
3 Yes, some of them 
4 No, none  

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA    
9 DK   

GO TO D8
GO TO D8
GO TO D8
GO TO D7

GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7

D7. 

And thinking about the past 5 years, (or since you have lived in this accommodation) have you carried out 
any bigger renovations or improvements to this accommodation? 

1 Yes 
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF D6=1, 2 OR 3 OR D7 = 1

D8. 

Did you receive any financial or other help to carry out these repairs or renovations from...? 

a) The local government/authority
b) A civil society organisation/NGO
c) A Roma organisation
d) A religious organisation/church
e) A particular bank loan with favourable 
conditions for such occasions – might be 
sponsored by the government, EU, etc.
f) The landlord/owner of the property
g) A construction company that some-
body else paid for (not landlord)

Yes No

1
1
1
1

1

1

1

2
2
2
2

2

2

2

Did not re-
ceive any help
3

Refusal

6
6
6
6

6

6

6

Does not under-
stand question
7
7
7
7

7

7

7

NA

DK

8
8
8
8

8

8

8

9
9
9
9

9

9

9

4343

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

E� ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD

ASK ALL

E1. 

I am now going to read some items a household can possess. Could you tell me whether your household 
has it in functioning order or not?

a) Radio receiver

b) Colour TV 

c) Bicycle or motorbike

d) Car/van for private use

e) Horse

f) Computer

g) Internet connection

h) Mobile phone or landline 

i) Washing machine

j) Bed for each household member including infants

k) 30 or more books (including text books)

l) Power generator

ASK ALL 

Yes

No

Refusal

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Does not  
understand question
7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

NA

DK

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

E2. 

Approximately how much did your household spend last month on each of the following items? Please 
consider all the people who live in your household!

Amount in €/
local currency

Refusal

Does not  
understand question

NA

DK

a) Food, everyday household goods, 
e.g. hygienic products, detergents 
b) Housing (rent, mortgage and public  
utilities, water, electricity, telephone)

………………

96666

………………

96666

c) Clothes (incl. shoes)

………………

96666

d) Paying back loans instalments 

………………

96666

e) Education (including transport,  
fees, books etc.)

………………

96666

f) Medicines and medical services

………………

96666

97777

97777

97777

97777

97777

97777

98888

99999

98888

99999

98888

99999

98888

99999

98888

99999

98888

99999

INTERVIEWER!  PLEASE  CALCULATE  A  ROUGH  TOTAL  AND  COMPARE  WITH  ANSWER  TO  NEXT  QUESTION  FOR 
CORRESPONDENCE

ASK ALL

INTERVIEWER! PLEASE EMPHASISE THAT THE TIMEFRAME IN THIS QUESTION IS THE PAST HALF YEAR, THE RESPONDENT 
SHOULD ESTIMATE AN AVERAGE

4444

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

E3. 

Thinking about the last 6 months, roughly how much money has your household had to live on each month? 

WRITE IN THE FULL AMOUNT IN NUMBERS:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [CURRENCY]

INTERVIEWER! IF RESPONDENT IS RELUCTANT TO GIVE AN EXACT AMOUNT, PLEASE OFFER THE CATEGORIES BELOW

0 – 100 EURO
01 
101 – 200 EURO
02 
201 – 300 EURO
03 
301 – 400 EURO
04 
05  401 – 500 EURO
501 – 700 EURO
06 
701 – 1,000 EURO
07 
1,001 – 2,000 EURO
08 
2,001 – 3,000 EURO
09 
3,001 and more EURO
10 

96  Refusal
97  Does not understand question
98  NA
99  DK

ASK ALL

E4. 

Which of the following best describes how your household is keeping up with all its bills, credits and pay-
ments at present? 

1 You are keeping up without any difficulties. 
2 You are keeping up but struggle to do so from time to time.
3 You are keeping up but it is a constant struggle.
4 You have fallen behind with some payments.
5 You have fallen behind with many payments. 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL

E5. 

In the past month, did you or anyone in the household ever go to bed hungry because there was not enough 
money for food? 

1 Never 
2 Once
3 A few times (2–3)
4 Several times (4 or more)

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

4545

 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

F� EMPLOYMENT

INTERVIEWER: VERIFY THE VALUE OF TECHNICAL VARIABLE A10A (JOB STATUS) AT HH TABLE

ASK ALL

When you reach pensionable age, will you be entitled to money from a private or state pension to live off? 

F1. 
INTERVIEWER: IF PERSON ALREADY OLD, ASK IN PRESENT TENSE

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IF CODE IN A10A IS NOT 10, IF A10A= 10 SKIP TO F3 DIRECTLY

F2. 

In the past 5 years (or since you have been in [COUNTRY]) have you ever been without regular paid work 
even though you wanted to work and were looking for a job?  

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF F2 = 1 OR A10A = 10; ELSE SKIP TO F6

F3. 

Thinking about your most recent experience of being without regular paid work, how long did it last?  
[IF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED, READ: How long have you been without regular paid work?] 

|__||__| years   |__|__|  months  

95 Never had any employment
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF F2 = 1 OR A10A = 10

F4. 

(When you were unemployed), did you receive any help in finding a job from the State, Local Government, 
[LOCAL NAME FOR LABOUR OFFICE] etc.

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

4646

 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF A10A = 10

F5. 

Are you currently registered as unemployed at any administrative office? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

ASK ALL

F6. 

Are you currently looking for a job?

1  Yes  
2  No 

 GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
 GO TO F7

6  Refusal 
GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
7  Does not understand question  GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
8  NA  
GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
9  DK 

ASK IF F6 = 2

F7. 

Why are you not looking for a job? 

DO NOT READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE

01 I currently have a job
02 Because of health problems 
03 Because I have no papers
04 I am doing other informal work
05 Because there are no jobs 
06 Being a Roma, nobody hires me
07 Currently studying/too young
08 Retired/too old
09 Has small children to look after
10 Homemaker
11 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

4747

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

G� MIGRATION - MOBILITY

VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A6 AT HH TABLE,  
If NOT born in [COUNTRY] ========================== > GO TO G1 

VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A6 AT HH TABLE,  
If born in [COUNTRY], ============================== > GO TO G6

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G1. 

What country did you live in immediately before moving to [COUNTRY]?  

WRITE IN:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................................... 

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G2. 

What were your reasons for moving to [COUNTRY]? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/ social and health care system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
08 None

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G3. 

While living in [COUNTRY], have you tried to do any of the following: register where you live, apply for a 
work permit, enrol your child/children in school/kindergarten or apply for government-assisted housing?  

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G4
GO TO G5

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO G5
GO TO G5
GO TO G5
GO TO G5

4848

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G3=1

G4. 

When trying to do any of these things, did you receive any assistance from the state, Local Government 
or any other official person? 

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question
8 NA  
9 DK  

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G5. 

When did you move to [COUNTRY]? If you can, please tell me the month and year.                      

|__||__||__||__| year    |__||__| month 

9600 Refusal
9700 Does not understand question 
9800 NA
9900 DK

ALL IN G5 GO TO G13

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G6. 

Have you personally ever lived in a country other than [COUNTRY]? (excludes brief visits)

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G7
GO TO G13

3 Don’t remember   
6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK 

GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13

ASK IF G6=1; ELSE GO TO G13

G7. 

Apart from [COUNTRY], what country did you last live in?  

WRITE IN:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................................... 

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

4949

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G8 

How long did you stay in [DESTINATION COUNTRY as in G7]? 

1 Less than 3 months 
2 3 months to less than 1 year
3 1 year to less than 2 years
4 2 years to less than 5 years 
5 5 years or more

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G9. 

When did you come back to [COUNTRY]? If you can, please tell me the month and year.                      

|__||__||__||__| year   |__||__| month      

9600 Refusal
9700 Does not understand question 
9800 NA
9900 DK

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G10.  What where your reasons for moving to [DESTINATION COUNTRY]? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/social and health care system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
08 None

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

5050

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G11. 

While living in [DESTINATION COUNTRY], did you try to do any of the following: register where you live, 
apply for a work permit, enrol your child/children in school/kindergarten or apply for government assisted 
housing?  
1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G12
GO TO G13

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13

ASK IF G11=1

G12.  When trying to do any of these things, did you receive any assistance from the state, Local Government 

or any other official person? 

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question
8 NA  
9 DK

ASK ALL

G13.  Would you consider moving (again) to another country in future?

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G14
GO TO H1

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO H1
GO TO H1
GO TO H1
GO TO H1

ASK IF G13 = 1 

G14.  What country would you consider moving to?   

WRITE IN:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................................... 

95 Country of birth 
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

5151

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF G13=1

G15. 

Realistically, how soon would you consider moving there? 

1 In less than 6 months
2 In 6 to 12 months
3 In more than a year
4 I’ll never move there

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF G13=1

G16.  What would be your reasons for moving to this particular country? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/social and health care system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

H� EDUCATION

INTERVIEWER VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A10B AT HH TABLE

Respondent no longer in school - activity status in A10B is NOT 11 === > ASK H1

Respondent in school - activity status in A10B=11 ============= > GO TO I1

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H1. 

At what age did you finish or leave school? 

|__||__| years of age

94 Never been in education 
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

5252

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H2. 

Why did you stop going to school? (IF NEVER BEEN TO SCHOOL, CODE 94 IN H1, ASK: Why didn’t you ever go 
to school?)

DO NOT READ OUT – CODE UP TO 3 RESPONSES

01 Judged to be sufficiently educated 
02 Illness
03 Costs of education too high (fees/transport/books/clothing)
04 Need to work for income/found job
05 Did poorly in school, gave up, failed at entrance exam to the next level  
06 Problems with language
07 Marriage, pregnancy or child birth
08 Hostile school environment/bullying
09 Dismissed from school 
10 Long distance from school
11 Safety concerns
12 Lack of personal documents 
13 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H3. 

Who took the decision that you were to stop attending school? 

READ OUT - ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE

01 I did.
02 My Parents/family did.
03 Teachers did.
04 Other school officials did.
05 I failed the entrance exam for the next level.
06 Others

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H4. 

You  said  that  your  highest  level  of  education  was:  [CODE  IN  A12].  Did  you  obtain  any  professional 
qualification(s) after finishing/leaving school? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

5353

 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H5. 

During  the  past  5  years  (or  since  you  have  lived  in  the  country),  have  you  ever  been  offered  
[IN COUNTRY] the opportunity to continue your education by the State, local government etc....? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

I� HEALTH

ASK ALL 

I1. 

Do you have any form of medical insurance in [COUNTRY]? (Cite national examples)

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL 

I2. 

How is your health in general? 

1 Very good
2 Good
3 Fair
4 Bad
5 Very bad

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

5454

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL 

I3. 

Do you have any complaints, injuries or diseases that limit your everyday activities, keeping you from 
doing such things as working, shopping, managing your life or keeping contact with other people?

1 Yes I do, I am severely limited in my daily activities
2 Yes I do, I am moderately limited in my daily activities
3 No, I do not

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL 

I4. 

Was there any time during the last 12 months when you personally really needed a medical examination 
or treatment for a health problem?

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO I7
GO TO I6

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO I6
GO TO I6
GO TO I6
GO TO I6

ASK IF I4=1, ELSE GO TO I7

I5. 

Thinking of the last time, did you get the medical assistance that you needed? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO I7
GO TO I6

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO I7
GO TO I7
GO TO I7
GO TO I7

5555

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF I5= 2, ELSE GO TO I7

I6. 

Why not?

DO NOT READ OUT – CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 The examination/treatment/medication is too expensive/no coverage 
02 Length of the waiting list for the treatment/examination
03 Could not get time off work
04 Could not go due to family matters (taking care of children)
05 Too far away, had no way how to get there, travel expensive
06 Was afraid of the doctor/hospital/examination/treatment
07 Wanted to wait to see if the problem solves on its own
08 Did not know good doctor/specialist
09 Went for help to other people (e.g. alternative healer, etc.)
10 Treatment was refused by service provider/insurance company
11 No official papers 
12 Don’t like to go because they are prejudiced against the Roma 
13 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK ONLY WOMEN (A3=2) AGED 50 OR LESS – OTHERS SKIP TO J1

I7. Have you given birth over the last 5 years? 

1 Yes  
2  No 

GO TO I8
GO TO J1

6 Refusal GO TO J1
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO J1
GO TO J1

GO TO J1

IF I7= 1 GO TO I8 ELSE GO TO J1

I8. 

Thinking about the last time: Where did you give birth?

READ OUT – INTERVIEWER TO CLARIFY 

1  At home – without problems or complications  
2  At home – with medical complications for mother 
  and/or child but not transferred to hospital  
3  At home – but transferred to hospital during or after birth 
  because of medical complications for mother and/or child 
4  At the hospital/clinic 
5  Other 

6  Refusal 
7  Does not understand question  
8  NA  
9  DK  

5656

GO TO J1

GO TO J1

GO TO I9
GO TO I9
GO TO J1

GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

IF I8= 3 OR 4 GO TO I9 ELSE GO TO J1

I9. 

Thinking about that birth – how were you treated by hospital staff (medical staff – doctors, nurses, midwives)?

1 Very well
2 Fairly well
3 Badly
4 Very badly

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

J� GENERAL DISCRIMINATION – RIGHTS AWARENESS

I would like to ask you a few questions about discrimination. By discrimination we mean when someone is treated less 
favourably than others because of a specific personal characteristic, such as age, gender or minority background. When 
you think about discrimination, please tell me only about those situations when people treated you badly or unfairly 
specifically because of your personal characteristic and not because the other persons were generally rude or unfair.

I really want to talk only about experiences you personally had and in this country only.

J1. 

In the past 12 months (or since you have been in the country) have you personally felt discriminated against 
in [COUNTRY] on the basis of one or more of the following grounds? Please tell me all that apply.

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not  
understand question

a) Because you are a Roma/
because of ethnicity
b) Because you are a man/woman 
c) Because of your age 
d) Because of your disability 
e) For another reason

1

1
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1
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7
7
7
7

NA

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8
8
8
8

DK/No 
opinion

9

9
9
9
9

5757

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

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5858

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
J7. 

What do you think, is there a law in [COUNTRY] that forbids discrimination against ethnic minority people 
when applying for a job?

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

J8. 

Do you know of any organisation in [COUNTRY] that can offer support or advice to people who have been 
discriminated against?

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

K� INTEGRATION

K1. 

In your opinion, how much do Roma and non-Roma people socialise with each other in your neighbour-
hood? For example, do they go to the same cafés or do they chat with each other at shops or in markets? 

1 All the time
2 A lot
3 Sometimes
4  Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

K2. 

And what about you personally? Do you socialise with non-Roma people in your neighbourhood? For 
example, do you go to the same cafés or do you chat with non-Roma people at the market or when out 
shopping? 

1 All the time
2 A lot
3 Sometimes
4  Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

5959

 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

L� ACTIVE CITIZEN/TRUST

L1. 

Do you currently participate actively in or do voluntary work for one or more of the following organisations?

Yes

No

Refusal

a) A trade union
b) A political party or organisation
c) A Roma organisation
d) Other civil society organisation/NGO 
e) Religious or church organisation

1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2

6
6
6
6
6

Does not under-
stand question
7
7
7
7
7

NA

DK

8
8
8
8
8

9
9
9
9
9

L2. 

Do you know, or are you aware of organisations that work to help the Roma? 
1 Yes, but you don’t know their exact names 
2 Yes, and you know their exact names 
3 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IN: Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Romania 

L3. 

Have you heard of the Dosta! campaign – ‘Go beyond stereotypes, meet the Roma?’ 
1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IN: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Spain

L4. 

Have you heard of the ‘Decade of Roma Inclusion’ Initiative? 
1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF AGE 18 or more

L5. 

Did you vote in the last...

Yes

No

Was not allowed 
to/entitled to

Was out of 
the country

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA DK

National elections in this country?

Local elections in this country?

European elections?

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

6

6

6

7

7

7

8

8

8

9

9

9

QUESTIONNAIRE ENDED AT (hh/mm): ................/.................

6060

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

M� POST-INTERVIEW

INTERVIEWER NOTE DOWN THE FOLLOWING DETAILS AFTER INTERVIEW – DO NOT ASK

Please note down the street, and district:
1) NAME OF THE CITY:  
2) STREET NAME:  
3) DISTRICT:  

M1. 

Where does the household live? 

1 Capital
2 City/big town
3 Outskirts/suburbs of big cities and towns
4 Small town 
5 Village/rural area
6 Fixed encampment for travellers
7 Temporary encampment for travellers
8 Other 

M2. 

Is the household living in an illegal settlement? 

1 Yes
2 No

9 DK

M3. 

Is the household living in an area that is segregated from the rest of the settlement/town/village? 

1 Yes
2 No

9 DK

M4. 

Was the neighbourhood predominantly a...?

1 Roma neighbourhood
2 Majority neighbourhood
3 Mixed neighbourhood

9 DK

M5. 

How would you describe the place where the respondent lives?

1 Apartment in block of flats
2 New house in good condition
3 Older house in relatively good condition
4 Ruined house or slum
6 Mobile home/Caravan
7 Other (specify) 

M6. 

How does this neighbourhood rate compared to others nearby? 

1 Better than others 
2 Same as others 
3 Worse than others
4 Not applicable (separate location)

6161

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

M7. 

Please rate the language proficiency of the respondent in the national language.

1 Fluent, without foreign sounding accent
2 Fluent, with foreign sounding accent
3 Less than fluent

M8. 

Was the respondent alone throughout the interview?

1 Yes
2 No
3 Mixed
9 DK

M9. 

Was there any informant other than the respondent referred to in the Household Grid (Section A and B)?

1 Yes, please insert the ID of the (main) informant from the HH grid:  
2 No

   (ONE CODE ONLY)

M10.  Was the respondent cooperative throughout the survey?

1 Very much
2 Somewhat
3 Not really

M11. 

Did the respondent appear to have any difficulty answering the questions? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY]

1 Yes – language wise
2 Yes – because of the nature of questions
3 Yes - other reasons
4 No

M12. 

Did you have to use the non [NATIONAL LANGUAGE] questionnaire variant to clarify questions? Which one?

1 Yes:  
2 No

M13. 

Interviewer - please indicate if you’re male or female

1 Male
2 Female

M14. 

Interviewer - please indicate your ethnic background

1 Ethnic [NATIONAL]
2 Minority, matching the respondent group
3 Other non-[NATIONAL]

6262

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

FE0� Instruction for focused enumeration 

ASK THE FOCUSED ENUMERATION SEGMENT IF THE CURRENT CONTACT IS WITHIN THE PRIMARY  
RANDOM ROUTE SAMPLE

DO NOT ASK IF THE HOUSEHOLD WAS RECRUITED VIA FOCUSED ENUMERATION! 
DO NOT ASK IF YOU ROMA QUOTA IS COMPLETED!

IN THESE CASES SKIP TO MAIN INTERVIEW, OR PROCEED WITH RANDOM ROUTE

FE� FOCUSED ENUMERATION

FE1. As you already know, in this survey we are very interested in interviewing Roma people who are difficult to 
reach for survey research and rarely have a chance to answer survey questions. I would like to ask for your help 
in finding such people from among your neighbours so they have a chance to take part in our survey. I want to 
assure you again that any information we collect will only be used for the purposes of the survey and not for any 
other purposes. Your answers or any information you give will remain completely confidential and anonymous.

IF IN A SUBURB/TOWNHOUSE AREA: 

Please think of your immediate neighbours – those two houses to the left and those two houses to the right of 
where you live. 

IF IN A MULTI-STOREY APARTMENT BUILDING: 

Please think of your immediate neighbours on your floor – those two doors to the right and those two doors to the 
left, or fewer if there aren’t that many – as well as the apartments immediately above and immediately below yours. 

Before we proceed, please look at this card, and tell me whether you actually have any neighbours. 

SHOW CARD – RECORD IN THE FOCUSED ENUMERATION TABLE ON THE ROUTING SLIP

FE2. Thinking only of these apartments or houses: are any of these neighbours Roma? If yes, in which apartments/
houses? 

RECORD FOR EACH HOUSEHOLD MENTIONED IN FE2 IN THE COMMENT FIELD

COMMENTS: We would like to ask these people about their experiences living in this country. Can I confirm their 
name and address with you, just to make sure that I can find them and that I do not mix anything up? 

WHERE IT IS EASILY PROVIDED BY THE REFERRER, IF POSSIBLE, WRITE NAMES FOR EACH ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD, 
OTHERWISE, CHECK THE OTHERS AFTER THE INTERVIEW, AND TRY TO RECORD NAME AND ADDRESS FROM THE DOOR

MARK ON THE ROUTING SLIP!

6363

Roma Pilot Survey 

ONLY IF ROUTE ID is 1 = from RANDOM ROUTE

ASK FOCUSSED ENUMERATION ONLY AT RANDOM ROUTE ADDRESSES

ID

FE1

FE2

FE3

FE4

FE5

FE6

a) First accomodation/
house/door to the right

b) Second accomodation/
house/door to the right

c) First accomodation/
house/door to the left

d) Second accomodation/
house/door to the left

e) The flat above

f) The flat below

F1. Exist

F2. Roma?

Comments

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

6464

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

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ENTER RESPONDENT IN FIRST ROW

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…

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Start with the oldest child

1

2

]

…

[

0
1

1
0

2
0

3
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Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE

Please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to ten at the top. Suppose we say that the 
top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you, and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst pos-
sible life for you. (Read A-B)

W1. A.  On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time, assuming that the 
higher the step the better you feel about your life, and the lower the step the worse you feel about it? 
Which step comes closest to the way you feel? 

10 Best possible life
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 Worst possible life

98 (DK)
99 (Refusal)

W2. B. 

Just your best guess, on which step do you think you will stand in the future, say about five years from now?

10 Best possible life
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 Worst possible life 

98 (DK)
99 (Refusal)

Thank you for your cooperation. I would now like to ask some questions about the area where you are currently 
living and about your accommodation. 

6767

 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

C� NEIGHBOURHOOD

ASK ALL

C1. 

How long have you been living here in this neighbourhood? [IN CASE OF TRAVELLERS, ASK: How long have 
you been living here in this site or place?]

GO TO C2
01 Less than 3 months 
02 3 months to less than 6 months  GO TO C2
03 6 months to less than 12 months  GO TO C2
04 1 to 5 years 
GO TO C2
05 More than 5 years but not always GO TO C4
GO TO C4
06 Born here 

GO TO C4
96 Refusal  
97 Does not understand question    GO TO C4
GO TO C4
98 NA  
GO TO C4
99 DK  

IF C1=05,06, 96, 97, 98, 99 SKIP TO C4 

ASK IF C1= 01 OR 02 OR 03 OR 04

C2. 

Can you please tell me the main reasons why you moved to where you live now? 

DO NOT READ OUT, CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Forced to move by authorities/evicted/home was demolished
02 Have been relocated/home was provided
03 No official papers
04 Less discrimination/racism
05 Could no longer afford the rent
06 Because lost work/job/employment
07 To find better housing conditions that suits the family needs
08 Better chances of finding employment, pay/better working conditions 
09 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
10 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
11 We only stay temporarily here/for a limited time
12 This is a usual place where we stop /en route 
13 Better neighbourhood
14 Can’t remember
15 Other reasons

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

6868

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF C1= 01 OR 02 OR 03 OR 04 

C3. 

When you moved here, have you received any help or assistance from the State, Local Government, etc., 
in order to find accommodation?

1 Yes  
2 No, despite you wanted or needed some help
3 No, but did not want any help

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL

C4. 

Could you please tell me if in the last 5 years (or since you have been living in this neighbourhood) the 
following things have improved, stayed the same or got worse in your neighbourhood? 

[FOR TRAVELLERS, ASK: Could you please tell me if in the last 5 years or since you know this neighbour-
hood/site the following things have improved, stayed the same or got worse in your neighbourhood/site?] 

READ OUT 

Improved

Stayed 
the same

Got 
worse

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

a) Neighbourhood in general
b) Roads and pavements
c) Public buildings, e.g. 
schools, hospitals, …
d) Private or public housing 
estates/houses/apartments
e) Sewage systems/drains
f) Electricity/gas supplies
g) Public transport
h) Drinking water system

1
1

1

1

1
1
1
1

2
2

2

2

2
2
2
2

3
3

3

3

3
3
3
3

6
6

6

6

6
6
6
6

7
7

7

7

7
7
7
7

8
8

8

8

8
8
8
8

9
9

9

9

9
9
9
9

6969

 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

D� HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

ASK ALL

D1. Are you living in this accommodation the whole year?

01 Yes, the whole year
02 No, only part of the year

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

D2. 

How many rooms are there in your accommodation used by your household only? Do not count the kitchen, 
the corridor, the bathroom and rooms rented out or used by persons who do not belong to your household.

Number of rooms: |__||__|

95 Caravan, tent, mobile home without separating walls
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK ALL

D3. 

Does this accommodation in which you live have any of the following...? 

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

a) Piped water inside 

b) Toilet inside

c) Latrine/toilet outside 
d) Kitchen inside
e) Shower or bathroom inside
f) Connection to the sewerage sys-
tem or waste water tank
g) Electricity supply
h) Any kind of heating facility 

1

1

1
1
1

1

1
1

2

2

2
2
2

2

2
2

6

6

6
6
6

6

6
6

7

7

7
7
7

7

7
7

8

8

8
8
8

8

8
8

9

9

9
9
9

9

9
9

7070

 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL

D4. 

Who owns the accommodation where you live now? 

[ONLY ONE ANSWER IS POSSIBLE]

01 A member of your household or family
02 Private ownership (by an unrelated person or company)
03 Municipal/state ownership
04 Housing project of an NGO/Church, etc... 
05 Unknown ownership
06 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK ALL

D5. 

Thinking about the last 5 years, (or since you lived in this accommodation) have you ever had problems 
with, for instance, a leaky roof, damp walls, the plumbing system, the electric wiring, vermin, etc.?

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO D6
GO TO D7

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7

ASK IF YES TO D5 

D6. 

Were you able to get these things repaired or repair them yourself?  

1 Yes, all   
2 Yes, most of them  
3 Yes, some of them  
4 No, none  

GO TO D8
GO TO D8
GO TO D8
GO TO D7

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7

7171

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

D7. 

And thinking about the last 5 years, (or since you lived in this accommodation) have you made any bigger 
renovation, improvement in this accommodation? 

1 Yes 
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF D6=1, 2 OR 3 OR D7 = 1

D8. 

Did you receive any financial or other help to do these repairs or renovation from ...?

Yes

No

a) The local government/authority
b) A civil society organisation/NGO
c) Specifically a Roma organisation
d) A religious organisation/church
e) A particular bank loan with 
favourable conditions for such 
occasions – might be sponsored 
by the government, EU, etc.
f) The landlord/own-
er of the property
g) A construction com-
pany that somebody else 
paid for (not landlord)

1
1
1
1

1

1

1

2
2
2
2

2

2

2

Did not receive 
any help
3

Refusal

6
6
6
6

6

6

6

Does not under-
stand question
7
7
7
7

7

7

7

NA

DK

8
8
8
8

8

8

8

9
9
9
9

9

9

9

7272

 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

E� ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD

ASK ALL

E1. 

I am now going to read some items a household can possess. Could you tell me whether your household 
has it in functioning order or not?

Yes

No

Refusal

a) Radio receiver
b) Colour TV  
c) Bicycle or motorbike
d) Car/van for private use
e) Horse
f) Computer
g) Internet connection
h) Mobile phone or landline 
i) Washing machine
j) Bed for each household member, including infants
k) 30 or more books (including text books)
l) Power generator

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

Does not under-
stand question
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

NA

DK

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

ASK ALL

E2. 

Approximately how much did your household spend last month on each of the following items Please 
consider all the people who live in the household!

a) Food, everyday household goods, 
e.g. hygienic products, detergents 
b) Housing (rent, mortgage and public  
utilities, water, electricity, telephone)
c) Clothes (incl. shoes)]
d) Paying back loans/instalments 
e) Education (including transport, fees, books etc. )
f) Medicines and medical services

Amount 
in €/local 
currency

Refusal

Does not 
understand 
question

NA

DK

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

………………
………………
………………
………………

96666
96666
96666
96666

97777
97777
97777
97777

98888
98888
98888
98888

99999
99999
99999
99999

INTERVIEWER!  PLEASE  CALCULATE  A  ROUGH  TOTAL  AND  COMPARE  WITH  ANSWER  TO  NEXT  QUESTION  FOR 
CORRESPONDENCE

7373

Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK ALL

INTERVIEWER! PLEASE EMPHASISE THAT THE TIMEFRAME IN THIS QUESTION IS THE PAST HALF YEAR, THE RESPONDENT 
SHOULD ESTIMATE AN AVERAGE

E3. 

Thinking about the last 6 months, roughly how much money has your household had to live on each month? 

WRITE IN THE FULL AMOUNT IN NUMBERS:

…………………………………………...........................................................................................................… [CURRENCY]

INTERVIEWER! IF RESPONDENT IS RELUCTANT TO GIVE AN EXACT AMOUNT, PLEASE OFFER THE CATEGORIES BELOW

01  0 – 100 EURO
02 
101 – 200 EURO
03  201 – 300 EURO
04  301 – 400 EURO
05  401 – 500 EURO
06  501 – 700 EURO
07  701 – 1000 EURO
08  1001 – 2000 EURO 
09  2001 – 3000 EURO 
10  3001 and more EURO

96  Refusal
97  Does not understand question
98  NA
99  DK

ASK ALL

E4. 

Which of the following describes best how your household is keeping up with all its bills, credits, and pay-
ments at present? 

1 You are keeping up without any difficulties 
2 You are keeping up but struggle to do so from time to time
3 You are keeping up but in a constant struggle
4 You have fallen behind with some payments
5 You have fallen behind with many payments 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

7474

 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL

E5. 

In the past month did you or anyone in the household ever go to bed hungry because there was not enough 
money for food? 

1 Never 
2 Once
3 A few times (2–3)
4 Several times (4 and more)

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

F� EMPLOYMENT

INTERVIEWER: VERIFY THE VALUE OF TECHNICAL VARIABLE A10A (JOB STATUS) AT HH TABLE 

ASK ALL

F1. 

When you reach pensionable age, will you be entitled to money from a private or state pension to live off? 

INTERVIEWER: IF PERSON ALREADY OLD, ASK IN PRESENT TENSE

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IF CODE IN A10A IS NOT 10, IF A10A= 10 SKIP TO F3 DIRECTLY

F2. 

In the last 5 years (or since you are in [COUNTRY]) have you ever been without regular paid work even 
though you wanted to work and you were looking for a job? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

7575

 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF F2 = 1 OR A10A = 10; ELSE SKIP TO F6

F3. 

Thinking about your most recent experience of being without regular paid work, for how long did it last? 
IF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED, READ: For how long have you been without regular paid work? 

|__||__| years   |__|__|  months  

95 Never had any employment
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF F2 = 1 OR A10A = 10 

F4. 

(When you were unemployed), have you received any help or assistance from the State, Local Government, 
[LOCAL NAME FOR LABOUR OFFICE] etc., in order to find a job?

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF A10A = 10

F5. 

Are you currently registered as unemployed by any administrative office? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL

F6. 

Are you currently looking for a job?

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
GO TO F7

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1
GO TO INSTRUCTION BEFORE G1

7676

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF F6 = 2

F7. 

Why are you not looking for a job? 

DO NOT READ OUT – ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE

01 I currently have a job
02 Because of health problems
03 Because I have no papers
04 I am doing other informal work
05 Because there are no jobs 
06 Being a Roma, nobody hires me
07 Currently studying/too young
08 Retired/too old
09 Has small children to look after
10 Homemaker
11 Other
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

G� MIGRATION - MOBILITY

VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A6 AT HH TABLE,  
If NOT born in [COUNTRY] ========================== >GO TO G1 

VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLEA6 AT HH TABLE,  
If born in [COUNTRY], ========================== > GO TO G13

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G1. 

In which country did you live just before you moved to [COUNTRY]?  

WRITE IN:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................................... 

94 BULGARIA
95 ROMANIA
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

7777

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

GF1. 

Is this the first time that you have lived in another country other than your country of birth?  

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G2
GO TO GF2

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA 
9 DK 

GO TO G2
GO TO G2
GO TO G2
GO TO G2

ASK IF GF1=2

GF2. 

In which countries have you lived before? If you have already lived in France at an earlier point in time 
please indicate this, as well. Do not include your home country!   

DO NOT READ OUT, MULTIPLE ANSWERS ARE POSSIBLE, CODE ALL MENTIONED 

Mentioned

1) France  

2) Italy

3) Spain/Portugal

4) Austria/Belgium/Germany/Netherlands

5) Great Britain/Ireland
6) Czech Republic/Greece/
Hungary/Poland/Slovakia
7) Denmark/Finland/Sweden

8) Other WRITE IN: _______________

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Did not 
mention
2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Refusal

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Does not under-
stand question
7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

NA

DK

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

ASK ALL, THE QUESTIONS REFER TO THE CURRENT MIGRATION EPISODE, WHEN HE OR SHE MOVED TO FRANCE THE 
LAST TIME

G2. 

What were your reasons for moving to [COUNTRY]? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/social and health care system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
08 None
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

7878

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

GF3.  What was your job situation before you moved to France? 

1 Paid regular employment
2 Paid not regular employment (ad hoc, seasonal,...)
3 Not working
4 Other

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
 8 NA 
9 DK 

G5. 

When did you move to [COUNTRY]? Please give me year and the month if you can.                      

|__||__||__||__| year    |__||__| month 

9600 Refusal
9700 Does not understand question
9800 NA
9900 DK

GF4. 

Did you arrive alone or with your family when you moved to France? 

1 Alone
2 With family

3 With others
6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA 
9 DK

GF5. 

Since you’ve been in France, have you sent money back home?

1 Yes  
2 No 

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA 
9 DK 

G3. 

While living in [COUNTRY], have you tried to do any of the following: register where you live, apply for a 
work permit, enrol your child/children in school/kindergarten, apply for government-assisted housing?  

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO GF6
GO TO GF7

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA 
9 DK 

GO TO GF7
GO TO GF7
GO TO GF7
GO TO GF7

7979

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF G3 = 1

GF6. 

And which of these did you try to do? 

1) Apply for a work permit

2) Enrol your child/children 
in school/kindergarten

3) Apply for government-assisted housing

ASK IF G3 = 1

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

1

1

1

2

2

2

6

6

6

7

7

7

8

8

8

9

9

9

G4. 

Did you receive any assistance from the State, Local Government or any other official person when doing this? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA 
9 DK 

GF7. 

Since you moved to France, have you ever done the following: 

READ OUT 

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

a) Had paid work with an employer

b) Attended French language classes

c) Received money from the French authorities

d) Received money from Roma civil society organisations

e) Received money from other civil society organisations

f) Needed to go begging

g) Sell flowers, newspapers or other items 
in the street, restaurants or in bars

h) Collect waste and other items for recycling or reselling

i) Take money from the authorities specifi-
cally to get back to your home country

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

8080

 
GF8. 

Do you speak French well enough to be able to ask for help in the case of a medical emergency?  

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA 
9 DK 

GF9. 

Do you intend to stay in this country for ...

1 Less than 3 months 
2 3 months to 6 months 
3 6 months to 1 year
4 more than 1 year
5 Have not yet decided

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA 
9 DK 

GF10.  Do you worry that you could be evicted (moved on) from where you live by the authorities?

1 All the time
2 Sometimes
3 Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

GF11. 

Has this ever happened to you in France?  

1 Yes
2 No 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

GF12.  Do you worry that you could be expelled from France by the authorities? 

1 All the time
2 Sometimes
3 Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

8181

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

GF13. Has this ever happened to you before in France?  

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

GF14. 

If you were thrown out of the country, would you consider trying to get back to France again?  

1 Yes
2 No 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF GF14=1

GF15.  Why would you try to get back into France? 

WRITE IN:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

ASK ALL

G13.  Would you consider moving (again) to another country in future?

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G14
GO TO H1

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO H1
GO TO H1
GO TO H1
GO TO H1

ASK IF G13 = 1 

G14.  What country would you consider moving to?   

WRITE IN: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

95 Country of birth 
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

8282

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF G13=1

G15. 

Realistically, how soon would you consider moving there? 

1 In less than 6 months
2 In 6 to 12 months
3 In more than a year
4 I’ll never move there

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF G13=1

G16.  What would be your reasons for moving to this particular country? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/social and healthcare system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

8383

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

H� EDUCATION

INTERVIEWER VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A10B AT HH TABLE

Respondent no longer in school – activity status in A10B is NOT 11 === > ASK H1

Respondent in school – activity status in A10B=11 ============= > GO TO I1

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H1. 

At what age did you finish or leave school? 

|__||__|  years of age

94 Never been in education
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H2. 

Why did you stop school? (IF NEVER BEEN TO SCHOOL, CODE 94 IN H1, ASK: Why did you never go to school?)

DO NOT READ OUT – CODE UP TO 3 RESPONSES

01 Judged to be sufficiently educated 
02 Illness
03 Costs of education too high (fees/transport/books/clothing)
04 Need to work for income/found job
05 Did poorly in school, gave up, failed at entrance exam to the next level
06 Problems with language
07 Marriage, pregnancy or child birth
08 Hostile school environment/bullying
09 Dismissed from school
10 Long distance from school
11 Safety concerns
12 Lack of personal documents
13 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK 

8484

 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H3. 

Who decided that you stopped school? 

READ OUT - ONLY ONE ANSWER POSSIBLE

01 Myself
02 Parents/Family
03 Teachers
04 Other school officials
05 Failed at entrance exam to the next level
06 Others

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H4. 

You said that your highest level of education is: [CODE IN A12]. Did you obtain any professional qualification(s) 
after you finished this school? 

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question
8 NA  
9 DK  

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H5. 

In the past 5 years (or since you have been living in the country), have you ever been offered [IN COUNTRY] 
the opportunity to continue your education by the State, local government etc. ... ? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

8585

 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

I� HEALTH

ASK ALL 

I1. 

Do you have any form of medical insurance in [COUNTRY]? (Cite national examples)

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL 

I2. 

How is your health in general? 

1 Very Good
2 Good
3 Fair
4 Bad
5 Very Bad

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL 

I3. 

Do you have any complaints, injuries, diseases that limit your everyday activities, such as working, shop-
ping, managing your life or keeping contact with other people? 

1 Yes I do, I am severely limited in my daily activities
2 Yes I do, I am moderately limited in my daily activities
3 No, I do not

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

8686

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL 

I4. 

Was there any time during the last 12 months when you personally really needed a medical examination 
or treatment for a health problem?

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO I5
GO TO I7

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO I7
GO TO I7
GO TO I7
GO TO I7

ASK IF I4=1, ELSE GO TO I7

I5. 

Thinking of the last time, did you get the medical assistance that you needed? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO I7
GO TO I6

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO I7
GO TO I7
GO TO I7
GO TO I7

ASK IF I5=2, ELSE GO TO I7

I6. 

Why was this?

DO NOT READ OUT – CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 The examination/treatment/medication is too expensive/no coverage 
02 Length of the waiting list for the treatment/examination
03 Could not get time off work
04 Could not go due to family matters (taking care of children)
05 Too far away, had no way how to get there, travel expensive
06 Was afraid of the doctor/hospital/examination/treatment
07 Wanted to wait to see if the problem solves on its own
08 Did not know good doctor/specialist
09 Went for help to other people (e.g. alternative healer, etc.)
10 Treatment was refused by service provider/insurance company
11 No official papers 
12 Don’t like to go because they are prejudiced against the Roma
13 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

8787

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK ONLY WOMEN (A3=2) AGED 50 OR LESS – OTHERS SKIP TO J1

I7. 

Have you given birth over the last 5 years? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO I8
GO TO J1

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1

IF I7= 1 GO TO I8 ELSE GO TO J1

I8. 

Thinking about the last time: Where did you give birth?

READ OUT – INTERVIEWER TO CLARIFY 

1 At home – without problems or complications  
2 At home – with medical complications for mother  
and/or child but not transferred to hospital  
3 At home – but transferred to hospital during or after birth  
because of medical complications for mother and/or child 
4 At the hospital/clinic 
5 Other 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

IF I8= 3 OR 4 GO TO I9 ELSE GO TO J1

GO TO J1

GO TO J1

GO TO I9
GO TO I9
GO TO J1

GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1

I9. 

Thinking about that birth – how were you treated by the hospital staff (medical staff – doctors, nurses, 
midwives)?

1 Very well 
2 Fairly well 
3 Badly 
4 Very badly

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

8888

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

J� GENERAL DISCRIMINATION – RIGHTS AWARENESS

I would like to ask you a few questions about discrimination. By discrimination we mean when somebody is treated 
less favourably than others because of a specific personal feature, such as age, gender or minority background. 

When you think about discrimination, please try to report only those situations when you experienced that people 
treated you badly or unfairly specifically because of your personal feature and not because the other persons were 
generally rude or unfair. 

I really want to talk only about situations that you have personally experienced, in this country only. 

J1. 

In the past 12 months (or since you have been in the country) have you personally felt discriminated against 
in [COUNTRY] on the basis of one or more of the following grounds? Please tell me all that apply.

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

a) Because you are a Roma/
because of ethnicity 
b) Because you are a man/woman 
c) Because of your age
d) Because of your disability 
e) For another reason

1

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7
7
7
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8
8
8
8

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opinion

9

9
9
9
9

8989

Roma Pilot Survey 

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9090

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
J7. 

What do you think, is there a law in [COUNTRY] that forbids discrimination against ethnic minority people 
when applying for a job?

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

J8. 

Do you know of any organisation in [COUNTRY] that can offer support or advice to people who have been 
discriminated against?

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

K� INTEGRATION

K1. 

In your opinion, how much do Roma and non-Roma people socialise with each other in the area where you 
live? For example, do they sit in the same cafés, do they chat with each other at the shops or markets?

1 All the time
2 A lot
3 Sometimes
4 Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

K2. 

And what about you personally? Do you socialise with non-Roma people in the area where you live? For 
example, do you sit in the same cafés, do you chat with non-Roma people at the market or when out 
shopping? 

1 All the time
2 A lot
3 Sometimes
4 never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

9191

 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

L�  ACTIVE CITIZEN/TRUST

L1. 

Do you currently participate actively in or do voluntary work for one or more of the following organisations?

Yes

No

Refusal

a. A trade union
b. A political party or organisation
c. A Roma organisation
d. Other civil society organisation/ NGO 
e. Religious or church organisation

1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2

6
6
6
6
6

Does not under-
stand question
7
7
7
7
7

NA

DK

8
8
8
8
8

9
9
9
9
9

L2. 

Do you know, are you aware of organisations that work to help the Roma? 

1 Yes, but you don’t know their exact names
2 Yes, and you know their exact names
3 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IN: Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Romania 

L3. 

Have you heard about the Dosta! campaign – ‘Go beyond stereotypes, meet the Roma?’

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IN: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Spain

L4. 

Have you heard about the ‘Decade of Roma Inclusion’ Initiative?

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

9292

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF AGE 18 or more

L5. 

Did you vote in the last...

National elections this country?

Local elections of this country?

European elections?

Yes

No

1

1

1

2

2

2

Was not 
allowed to/
entitled to

Was out of 
the country

Refusal

Does not 
understand 
question

3

3

3

4

4

4

6

6

6

7

7

7

NA DK

8

8

8

9

9

9

QUESTIONNAIRE ENDED AT (hh/mm): ............../...............

M� POST-INTERVIEW

INTERVIEWER NOTE DOWN THE FOLLOWING DETAILS AFTER INTERVIEW – DO NOT ASK

Please note down the street, and district:

1) NAME OF THE CITY: 
2) STREET NAME:    
3) DISTRICT:  

M1. 

Where does the household live? 

1 Capital
2 City/big town
3 Outskirts/suburbs of big cities and towns
4 Small town 
5 Village/rural area
6 Fixed encampment for travellers
7 Temporary encampment for travellers
8 Other 

M2. 

Is the household living in an illegal settlement? 

1 Yes
2 No
9 DK

M3. 

Is the household living in an area that is segregated from the rest of the settlement/town/village? 

1 Yes
2 No
9 DK

M4. 

Was the neighbourhood predominantly a...?

1 Roma neighbourhood
2 Majority neighbourhood
3 Mixed neighbourhood
9 DK

9393

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

M5. 

How would you describe the place where the respondent lives?

1 Apartment in block of flats
2 New house in good condition
3 Older house in relatively good condition
4 Ruined house or slum
6 Mobile home/caravan
7 Other (specify)    

M6. 

How does this neighbourhood rate compare to others nearby? 

1 Better than others 
2 Same as others 
3 Worse than others
4 Not applicable (separate location)

M7. 

Please rate the language proficiency of the respondent in the national language.

1 Fluent, without foreign sounding accent
2 Fluent, with foreign sounding accent
3 Less than fluent

M8. 

Was the respondent alone throughout the interview?

1 Yes
2 No
3 mixed
9 DK

M9. 

Was there any informant other than the respondent referred to in the Household Grid (Section A and B)?

1 Yes, please insert the ID of the (main) informant from the HH grid:  
2  No

   (ONE CODE ONLY)

M10.  Was the respondent cooperative throughout the survey?

1 Very much
2 Somewhat
3 Not really

M11. 

Did the respondent appear to have any difficulty answering the questions?

[MARK ALL THAT APPLY]

1 Yes – language wise
2 Yes – because of the nature of questions
3 Yes – other reasons
4 No

M12. 

Did you have to use the non [NATIONAL LANGUAGE] questionnaire variant to clarify questions? Which one?

1 Yes:  
2 No

M13. 

Interviewer – please indicate if you’re male or female

1 Male
2 Female

9494

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

M14. 

Interviewer - please indicate your ethnic background

1  Ethnic [NATIONAL]
2 Minority, matching the respondent group
3 Other non-[NATIONAL]

FE0� Instruction for focused enumeration 

ASK THE FOCUSED ENUMERATION SEGMENT IF THE CURRENT CONTACT IS WITHIN THE PRIMARY RANDOM  
ROUTE SAMPLE

DO NOT ASK. IF THE HOUSEHOLD WAS RECRUITED VIA FOCUSED ENUMERATION! 
DO NOT ASK IF YOU ROMA QUOTA IS COMPLETED!

IN THESE CASES SKIP TO MAIN INTERVIEW, OR PROCEED WITH RANDOM ROUTE

FE� FOCUSED ENUMERATION

FE1. As you already know, for this survey we are very interested in interviewing Roma people who are difficult to 
reach for survey research and rarely have a chance to answer survey questions. I would like to ask for your help 
in finding such people from among your neighbours so they have a chance to take part in our survey. I want to 
assure you again that any information we collect will only be used for the purposes of the survey and not for any 
other purposes. Your answers or any information you give will remain completely confidential and anonymous. 

IF IN A SUBURB/TOWNHOUSE AREA:

Please think of your immediate neighbours – those two houses to the left and those two houses to the right of 
where you live. 

IF IN A MULTI-STOREY APARTMENT BUILDING: 

Please think of your immediate neighbours on your floor – those two doors to the right and those two doors to the 
left, or fewer if there aren’t that many – as well as the apartments immediately above and below yours. 

Before we proceed, please look at this card, and tell me whether you actually have any neighbours at all. 

SHOW CARD – RECORD IN THE FOCUSED ENUMERATION TABLE ON THE ROUTING SLIP

FE2. Thinking only of these apartments or houses: are any of these neighbours Roma? If yes, in which apartments/
houses? 

RECORD FOR EACH HOUSEHOLD MENTIONED IN FE2. IN THE COMMENT FIELD

COMMENTS: We would like to ask these people about their experiences living in this country. Can I confirm their 
name and address with you, just to make sure that I can find them and that I do not mix anything up? 

WHERE IT IS EASILY PROVIDED BY THE REFERRER, IF POSSIBLE, WRITE NAMES FOR EACH ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD, 
OTHERWISE, CHECK THE OTHERS AFTER THE INTERVIEW, AND TRY TO RECORD NAME AND ADDRESS FROM THE DOOR

MARK ON THE ROUTING SLIP!

9595

Roma Pilot Survey 

ONLY IF ROUTE ID is 1 = from RANDOM ROUTE

ASK FOCUSSED ENUMERATION ONLY AT RANDOM ROUTE ADDRESSES

ID

FE1

FE2

FE3

FE4

FE5

FE6

a) First accomodation/
house/door to the right

b) Second accomodation/
house/door to the right

c) First accomodation/
house/door to the left

d) Second accomodation/
house/door to the left

e) The flat above

f) The flat below

F1. Exist

F2. Roma?

Comments

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

9696

l

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Start with the oldest child

1

2

]

…

[

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0
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE

Please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to ten at the top. Suppose we say that the 
top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you, and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst pos-
sible life for you. (Read A-B)

W1.A.  On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time, assuming that the 
higher the step the better you feel about your life, and the lower the step the worse you feel about it? 
Which step comes closest to the way you feel?      

10 Best possible life
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 Worst possible life 

98 (DK)
99 (Refusal)

W2.B. 

Just your best guess, on which step do you think you will stand in the future, say about five years from 
now?

10 Best possible life
09
08
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 Worst possible life 

98 (DK)
99 (Refusal)

Thank you for your cooperation. I would now like to ask some questions about the area where you are currently 
living and about your accommodation.  

9999

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

C� NEIGHBOURHOOD

ASK ALL

C1. 

How long have you been living here in this neighbourhood? 

01 Less than 3 months
02 3 months to less than 6 months
03 6 months to less than 12 months
04 1 to 5 years
05 More than 5 years but not always
06 Born here

96 Refusal 
97 Does not understand question  
98 NA 
99 DK  

ASK IF C1= 01 OR 02 OR 03 OR 04 

C3. 

When you moved here, did you receive any help in finding accommodation from the State, Local Govern-
ment, etc.?

1 Yes  
2 No, although you wanted or needed some help
3 No, but you did not want any help   

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL

C4. 

Could you please tell me if in the past 5 years (or since you have lived in this neighbourhood) the following 
things have improved, stayed the same or got worse in your neighbourhood? 

READ OUT 

Improved

Stayed 
the same

Got 
worse

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

a) Neighbourhood in general 
b) Roads and pavements
c) Public buildings e.g. 
schools, hospitals, etc. …
d) Private or public housing 
estates/houses/apartments
e) Sewage systems/drains
f) Electricity/gas supplies
g) Public transport
h) Drinking water system

1
1

1

1

1
1
1
1

2
2

2

2

2
2
2
2

3
3

3

3

3
3
3
3

6
6

6

6

6
6
6
6

7
7

7

7

7
7
7
7

8
8

8

8

8
8
8
8

9
9

9

9

9
9
9
9

100100

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D� HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL

D2. 

ASK ALL

How many rooms are there in your accommodation to be used by your household only? Do not count the 
kitchen, the corridor, the bathroom and rooms rented out or used by persons who do not belong to your 
household.

 Number of rooms: |__||__|

95 Caravan, tent, mobile home without separating walls
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

D3. 

Does your accommodation have any of the following …? 

a) Piped water inside 
b) Toilet inside

c) Latrine/toilet outside 
d) Kitchen inside
e) Shower or bathroom inside
f)Connection to the sewerage sys-
tem or waste water tank
g) Electricity supply
h) Any kind of heating facility 

ASK ALL

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

1
1

1
1
1

1

1
1

2
2

2
2
2

2

2
2

6
6

6
6
6

6

6
6

7
7

7
7
7

7

7
7

8
8

8
8
8

8

8
8

9
9

9
9
9

9

9
9

D4. 

Who owns the accommodation you are living in now? 

[ONLY ONE ANSWER IS POSSIBLE]

01 A member of your household or family
02 Private ownership (by an unrelated person or company) 
03 Municipal/state ownership
04 Housing project of an NGO/church, etc…. 
05 Unknown ownership
06 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

101101

 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK ALL

D5. 

Thinking about the past 5 years, (or since you have lived in this accommodation) have you ever had problems 
with, for instance, a leaky roof, damp walls, the plumbing system, the electric wiring, vermin, etc. …? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA 
9 DK 

ASK IF YES TO D5

GO TO D6
GO TO D7

GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7

D6. 

Were you able to get these things repaired or repair them yourself?  

1 Yes, all of them 
2 Yes, most of them  
3 Yes, some of them  
4 No, none  

GO TO D8
GO TO D8
GO TO D8
GO TO D7

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7
GO TO D7

D7. 

And thinking about the past 5 years, (or since you have lived in this accommodation) have you carried out 
any bigger renovations or improvements to this accommodation? 

1 Yes 
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF D6=1, 2 OR 3 OR D7 = 1

D8. 

Did you receive any financial or other help to carry out these repairs or renovations from any source other 
than from your family or friends? For instance: local government authority, NGOs, ...? 

1 Yes 
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

102102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

E� ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD

ASK ALL

E1. 

I am now going to read some items a household can possess. Could you tell me whether your household 
has it in functioning order or not?

Yes

No

Refusal

Does not under-
stand question

NA

DK

 a) Radio receiver

 b) Colour TV 

 c) Bicycle or motorbike

 d) Car/van for private use

 e) Horse

 f) Computer

 g) Internet connection

 h) Mobile phone or landline 

 i) Washing machine

 j) Bed for each household member including infants

 k) 30 or more books (including text books)

 l) Power generator

ASK ALL 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

E2. 

Approximately how much did your household spend last month on each of the following items? Please 
consider all the people who live in your household!

a) Food, everyday household goods, 
e.g. hygienic products, detergents 
b) Housing (rent, mortgage and public utili-
ties, water, electricity, telephone)

Amount 
in €/local 
currency

Refusal

Does not 
understand 
question

NA

DK

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

c) Clothes (incl. shoes)]

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

d) Paying back loans/instalments 

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

e) Education (including transport, fees, books etc. )

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

f) Medicines and medical services

………………

96666

97777

98888

99999

INTERVIEWER!  PLEASE  CALCULATE  A  ROUGH  TOTAL  AND  COMPARE  WITH  ANSWER  TO  NEXT  QUESTION  FOR 
CORRESPONDENCE

103103

Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK ALL

INTERVIEWER! PLEASE EMPHASISE THAT THE TIMEFRAME IN THIS QUESTION IS THE PAST HALF YEAR, THE RESPONDENT 
SHOULD ESTIMATE AN AVERAGE

E3. 

Thinking about the last 6 months, roughly how much money has your household had to live on each month? 
WRITE IN THE FULL AMOUNT IN NUMBERS:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [CURRENCY]

INTERVIEWER! IF RESPONDENT IS RELUCTANT TO GIVE AN EXACT AMOUNT, PLEASE OFFER THE CATEGORIES BELOW

01  0 – 100 EURO
02 
101 – 200 EURO
03  201 – 300 EURO
04  301 – 400 EURO
05  401 – 500 EURO
06  501 – 700 EURO
07  701 – 1,000 EURO
08  1,001 – 2,000 EURO 
09  2,001 – 3,000 EURO 
10  3,001 and more EURO

96  Refusal
97  Does not understand question
98  NA
99  DK

ASK ALL

E4. 

Which of the following best describes how your household is keeping up with all its bills, credits, and pay-
ments at present? 

1 You are keeping up without any difficulties 
2 You are keeping up but struggle to do so from time to time
3 You are keeping up but it is a constant struggle.
4 You have fallen behind with some payments.
5 You have fallen behind with many payments. 

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

104104

 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK ALL

E5. 

In the past month, did you or anyone in the household ever go to bed hungry because there was not enough 
money for food? 

1 Never 
2 Once
3 A few times (2–3)
4 Several times (4 or more)

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

F� EMPLOYMENT

INTERVIEWER: VERIFY THE VALUE OF TECHNICAL VARIABLE A10A (JOB STATUS) AT HH TABLE

ASK ALL

F1. 

When you reach pensionable age, will you be entitled to money from a private or state pension to live off? 

INTERVIEWER: IF PERSON ALREADY OLD, ASK IN PRESENT TENSE

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ONLY IF CODE IN A10A IS NOT 10, IF A10A= 10 SKIP TO F3 DIRECTLY

F2. 

In the past 5 years (or since you have been in [COUNTRY]) have you ever been without regular paid work 
even though you wanted to work and were looking for a job?  

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

105105

 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF F2 = 1 OR A10A = 10; ELSE SKIP TO G1

F3. 

Thinking about your most recent experience of being without regular paid work, for how long did it last? 
IF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED, READ: How long have you been without regular paid work? 

|__||__| years   |__|__|  months  

95 Never had any employment
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF F2 = 1 OR A10A = 10

F4. 

(When you were unemployed), did you receive any help in finding a job from the State, Local Government, 
[LOCAL NAME FOR LABOUR OFFICE] etc.?

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF A10A = 10

F5. 

Are you currently registered as unemployed at any administrative office? 

1 Yes  
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

106106

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

G� MIGRATION - MOBILITY

VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A6 AT HH TABLE,  
If NOT born in [COUNTRY] ========================== > GO TO G1 

VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A6 AT HH TABLE,  
If born in [COUNTRY], ============================== > GO TO G6

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G1. 

What country did you live in immediately before moving to [COUNTRY]?  

WRITE IN:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G2. 

What were your reasons for moving to [COUNTRY]? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions social and healthcare system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
08 None
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G3. 

While living in [COUNTRY], have you tried to do any of the following: register where you live, apply for a 
work permit, enrol your child/children in school/kindergarten or apply for government-assisted housing?  

1 Yes  
2 No  

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO G4
GO TO G5

GO TO G5
GO TO G5
GO TO G5
GO TO G5

107107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G3=1

G4. 

When trying to do any of these things, did you receive any assistance from the State, Local Government 
or any other official person? 

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question
8 NA  
9 DK  

ASK IF NOT BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G5. 

When did you move to [COUNTRY]? If you can, please give me the month and the year.                      

|__||__||__||__| year    |__||__| month 

9600 Refusal
9700 Does not understand question 
9800 NA
9900 DK

ALL IN G5 GO TO G13

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY]

G6. 

Have you personally ever lived in a country other than [COUNTRY]? (excludes brief visits)

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G7
GO TO G13

3 Don’t remember   
6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13

ASK IF G6=1; ELSE GO TO G13

G7. 

Apart from [COUNTRY], what country did you last live in?  

WRITE IN:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

108108

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G8. 

How long did you stay in [DESTINATION COUNTRY as in G7]? 

1 Less than 3 months 
2 3 months to less than 1 year
3 1 year to less than 2 years
4 2 years to less than 5 years 
5 5 years or more

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G9. 

When did you come back to [COUNTRY]? If you can, please tell me the month and the year.                       

|__||__||__||__| year   |__||__| month      

9600 Refusal
9700 Does not understand question 
9800 NA
9900 DK

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G10.  What where your reasons for moving to [DESTINATION COUNTRY]? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/social and healthcare system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
08 None
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

109109

 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK IF BORN IN [COUNTRY] AND G6=1

G11. 

While living in [DESTINATION COUNTRY], did you try to do any of the following: register where you live, 
apply for a work permit, enrol your child/children in school/kindergarten or apply for government assisted 
housing?  

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G12
GO TO G13

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13
GO TO G13

ASK IF G11=1

G12.  When trying to do any of these things, did you receive any assistance from the State, Local Government 

or any other official person? 

1 Yes 
2 No 

6 Refusal 
7 Does not understand question
8 NA  
9 DK  

ASK ALL

G13.  Would you consider moving (again) to another country in future?

1 Yes  
2 No  

GO TO G14
GO TO H1

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO H1
GO TO H1
GO TO H1
GO TO H1

ASK IF G13 = 1 

G14.  What country would you consider moving to?   

WRITE IN:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

95 Country of birth 
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

110110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ASK IF G13=1

G15. 

Realistically, how soon would you consider moving there? 

1 In less than 6 months
2 In 6 to 12 months
3 In more than a year
4 I’ll never move there

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF G13=1

G16.  What would be your reasons for moving to this particular country? 

DO NOT READ OUT CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 Better chances of finding employment
02 Better pay/better working conditions 
03 Better education for children/improve own education or qualification
04 Better living conditions/social and healthcare system/political situation
05 To join or accompany parents/family members/spouse/to get married
06 Less discrimination/racism
07 Other
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

111111

 
Roma Pilot Survey 

H. EDUCATION

INTERVIEWER VERIFY WITH TECHNICAL VARIABLE A10B AT HH TABLE

Respondent no longer in school - activity status in A10B is NOT 11 === > ASK H1

Respondent in school - activity status in A10B=11 ============= > GO TO I1

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H1. 

At what age did you finish or leave school? 

|__||__| years of age

94 Never been in education 
96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H4. 

You  said  that  your  highest  level  of  education  was:  [CODE  IN  A12].  Did  you  obtain  any  professional 
qualification(s) after finishing/leaving school? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK IF NO LONGER IN SCHOOL 

H5. 

During the past 5 years (or since you have lived in the country), have you ever been offered [IN COUNTRY] 
the opportunity to continue your education by the State, local government etc. ... ? 

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

112112

 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

I� HEALTH

ASK ALL 

I1. 

Do you have any form of medical insurance in [COUNTRY]? (Cite national examples)

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL 

I2. 

How is your health in general? 

1 Very good
2 Good
3 Fair
4 Bad
5 Very bad

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

ASK ALL 

I3. 

Do you have any complaints, injuries or diseases that limit your everyday activities, keeping you from 
doing such things as working, shopping, managing your life or keeping contact with other people?

1 Yes I do, I am severely limited in my daily activities
2 Yes I do, I am moderately limited in my daily activities
3 No, I do not

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

113113

 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

ASK ALL 

I4. 

Was there any time during the last 12 months when you personally really needed a medical examination 
or treatment for a health problem?

1 Yes  
2 No 

GO TO I5
GO TO J1

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1

ASK IF I4=1, ELSE GO TO J1

I5. 

Thinking of the last time, did you get the medical assistance that you needed? 

1 Yes  
2  No 

GO TO J1
GO TO I6

6 Refusal  
7 Does not understand question  
8 NA  
9 DK  

GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1
GO TO J1

ASK IF I5= 2, ELSE GO TO J1

I6. 

Why not?

DO NOT READ OUT – CODE UP TO THREE ANSWERS

01 The examination/treatment / medication is too expensive/no coverage 
02 Length of the waiting list for the treatment/examination
03 Could not get time off work
04 Could not go due to family matters (taking care of children)
05 Too far away, had no way how to get there, travel expensive
06 Was afraid of the doctor/hospital/examination/treatment
07 Wanted to wait to see if the problem solves on its own
08 Did not know good doctor/specialist
09 Went for help to other people (e.g. alternative healer, etc.)
10 Treatment was refused by service provider/insurance company
11 No official papers 
13 Other

96 Refusal
97 Does not understand question 
98 NA
99 DK

114114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

J� GENERAL DISCRIMINATION – RIGHTS AWARENESS

I would like to ask you a few questions about discrimination. By discrimination we mean when someone is treated 
less favourably than others because of a specific personal characteristic, such as age, gender or minority background. 

When you think about discrimination, please tell me only about those situations when people treated you badly 
or unfairly specifically because of your personal characteristic and not because the other persons were generally 
rude or unfair.  

I really want to talk only about experiences you personally had and in this country only. 

J1. 

In the past 12 months (or since you have been in the country) have you personally felt discriminated against 
in [COUNTRY] on the basis of one or more of the following grounds? Please tell me all that apply.

a) Because of your ethnicity
b) Because you are a man/woman 
c) Because of your age 
d) Because of your disability 
e) For another reason

Yes

No

Refusal

1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2

6
6
6
6
6

Does not under-
stand question 
7
7
7
7
7

NA

DK/No opinion

8
8
8
8
8

9
9
9
9
9

115115

Roma Pilot Survey 

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116116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
J7. 

What do you think, is there a law in [COUNTRY] that forbids discrimination against ethnic minority people 
when applying for a job?

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

1 Yes
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

J8. 

Do you know of any organisation in [COUNTRY] that can offer support or advice to people who have been 
discriminated against?

1 Yes,  
2 No

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

K� INTEGRATION

K1. 

In your opinion, how much do Roma and non-Roma people socialise with each other in your neighbour-
hood? For example, do they go to the same cafés or do they chat with each other at shops or in markets? 

1 All the time
2 A lot
3 Sometimes
4  Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

K2. 

And what about you personally? Do you socialise with Roma people in your neighbourhood? For example, 
do you go to the same cafés or do you chat with Roma people at the market or when out shopping? 

1 All the time
2 A lot
3 Sometimes
4 Never

6 Refusal
7 Does not understand question 
8 NA
9 DK

117117

 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

L� ACTIVE CITIZEN/TRUST

ASK IF AGE 18 or more

L5. 

Did you vote in the last...

National elections in this country?

Local elections in this country?

European elections?

M� POST INTERVIEW

Yes

No

1

1

1

2

2

2

Was not 
allowed to/
entitled to

Was out 
of the 
country

Refusal

Does not 
understand 
question

3

3

3

4

4

4

6

6

6

7

7

7

NA

DK

8

8

8

9

9

9

INTERVIEWER NOTE DOWN THE FOLLOWING DETAILS AFTER INTERVIEW – DO NOT ASK

Please note down the street, and district:

1) NAME OF THE CITY: 

2) STREET NAME:   

3) DISTRICT:  

M1. 

Where does the household live? 

1 Capital
2 City/big town
3 Outskirts/suburbs of big cities and towns
4 Small town 
5 Village/rural area
6 Fixed encampment for travellers
7 Temporary encampment for travellers
8 Other    

M2. 

Is the household living in an illegal settlement? 

1 Yes
2 No
9 DK

M3. 

Is the household living in an area that is segregated from the rest of the settlement/town/village? 

1 Yes
2 No
9 DK

M4. 

Was the neighbourhood predominantly a...?

1 Roma neighbourhood
2 Majority neighbourhood
3 Mixed neighbourhood
9 DK

118118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

M5. 

How would you describe the place where the respondent lives?

1 Apartment in block of flats
2.New house in good condition
3.Older house in relatively good condition
4.Ruined house or slum
6 Mobile home/caravan
7 Other (specify)……………………….. 

M6. 

How does this neighbourhood rate compared to others nearby? 

1 Better than others 
2 Same as others 
3 Worse than others
4 Not applicable (separate location)

M7. 

Please rate the language proficiency of the respondent in the national language.

1 Fluent, without foreign sounding accent
2 Fluent, with foreign sounding accent
3 Less than fluent

M8. 

Was the respondent alone throughout the interview?

1 Yes
2 No
3 Mixed
9 DK

M9. 

Was there any informant other than the respondent referred to in the Household Grid (Section A and B)?

1 Yes, please insert the ID of the (main) informant from the HH grid:  
 (ONE CODE ONLY)
2 No

M10.  Was the respondent cooperative throughout the survey?

1 Very much
2 Somewhat
3 Not really

M11. 

Did the respondent appear to have any difficulty answering the questions? 

[MARK ALL THAT APPLY]

1 Yes – language wise
2 Yes – because of the nature of questions
3 Yes – other reasons
4 No

M12. 

Did you have to use the non [NATIONAL LANGUAGE] questionnaire variant to clarify questions? Which one?

1 Yes:  
2 No

119119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Roma Pilot Survey 

M13. 

Interviewer - please indicate if you’re male or female

1 Male
2 Female

M14. 

Interviewer - please indicate your ethnic background

1 Ethnic [NATIONAL]
2 Minority, matching the respondent group
3 Other non-[NATIONAL]

QUESTIONNAIRE ENDED AT (hh/mm): .............../................

FE0� Instruction for Focused Enumeration 

ASK THE FOCUSED ENUMERATION SEGMENT IF THE CURRENT CONTACT IS WITHIN THE PRIMARY RANDOM ROUTE SAMPLE

DO NOT ASK. IF THE HOUSEHOLD WAS RECRUITED VIA FOCUSED ENUMERATION! 
DO NOT ASK IF YOU ROMA QUOTA IS COMPLETED!

IN THESE CASES SKIP TO MAIN INTERVIEW, OR PROCEED WITH RANDOM ROUTE

FE� FOCUSED ENUMERATION

FE1. As you already know, for this survey we are very interested in interviewing Roma people who are difficult to 
reach for survey research and rarely have a chance to answer survey questions. I would like to ask for your help 
in finding such people from among your neighbours so they have a chance to take part in our survey. I want to 
assure you again that any information we collect will only be used for the purposes of the survey and not for any 
other purposes. Your answers or any information you give will remain completely confidential and anonymous. 

IF IN A SUBURB/TOWNHOUSE AREA:

Please think of your immediate neighbours – those two houses to the left and those two houses to the right of 
where you live. 

IF IN A MULTI-STOREY APARTMENT BUILDING:

Please think of your immediate neighbours on your floor – those two doors to the right and those two doors to the 
left, or fewer if there aren’t that many – as well as the apartments immediately above and below yours. 

Before we proceed, please look at this card, and tell me whether you actually have any neighbours at all. 

SHOW CARD – RECORD IN THE FOCUSED ENUMERATION TABLE ON THE ROUTING SLIP

FE2. Thinking only of these apartments or houses are any of these neighbours Roma? If yes, in which apartments/
houses? 

RECORD FOR EACH HOUSEHOLD MENTIONED IN FE2. IN THE COMMENT FIELD

COMMENTS: We would like to ask these people about their experiences living in this country. Can I confirm their 
name and address with you, just to make sure that I can find them and that I do not mix anything up? 

WHERE IT IS EASILY PROVIDED BY THE REFERRER, IF POSSIBLE, WRITE NAMES FOR EACH ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD, 
OTHERWISE, CHECK THE OTHERS AFTER THE INTERVIEW, AND TRY TO RECORD NAME AND ADDRESS FROM THE DOOR

MARK ON THE ROUTING SLIP!

120120

Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

ONLY IF ROUTE ID is 1 = from RANDOM ROUTE

ASK FOCUSSED ENUMERATION ONLY AT RANDOM ROUTE ADDRESSES

ID

FE1

FE2

FE3

FE4

FE5

FE6

a) First accomodation/
house/door to the right

b) Second accomodation/
house/door to the right

c) First accomodation/
house/door to the left

d) Second accomodation/
house/door to the left

e) The flat above

f) The flat below

F1. Exist

F2. Roma?

Comments

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

1-yes 2-no

121121

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

ROMA PILOT SURVEY   
Technical report: methodology, sampling and fieldwork

2013 — 121 p. — 21 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 978-92-9239-291-8 
doi:10.2811/49351

A great deal of information on the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is available on the Internet. 
It can be accessed through the FRA website at fra.europa.eu.

Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers 

to your questions about the European Union.

Freephone number (*):

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(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.

More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).

FRA – European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

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Tel.: +43 158030-0 – Fax: +43 158030-699

Email: info@fra.europa.eu – fra.europa.eu

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013

ISBN 978-92-9239-291-8 

doi:10.2811/49351

© European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2013

Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes,  

provided the source is acknowledged.

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d
o

i
:

.

1
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2
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1
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N

EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

HELPING TO MAKE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS A REALITY FOR EVERYONE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

This Technical report describes how the FRA Roma Pilot survey was carried out and the fieldwork outcomes in 
11 EU Member States. The survey methodology FRA developed, in consultation with experts and other partners, 
should  serve  as  an  example  to  EU  Member  States  and  other  researchers  on  sampling  and  interviewing  Roma.  
The methodology can be used to collect better evidence on the situation of Roma and to support EU and Member 
State policy making.

FRA – EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Schwarzenbergplatz 11 – 1040 Vienna – Austria
Tel.: +43 158030-0 – Fax: +43 158030-699
fra.europa.eu – info@fra.europa.eu
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TECHNICAL REPORT

ROMA PILOT SURVEY 

Technical report: 

methodology, sampling  

and fieldwork