Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2094 of 28 October 2022 specifying the technical items of data sets, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the consumption domain pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)
Date: 2022-10-28
Institutions: European Commission, Eurostat
Subjects: EU statistics, consumption, data collection, disclosure of information, exchange of information, household, sample survey, social statistics, statistical method, technical specification




L_2022281EN.01002301.xml










31.10.2022   


EN


Official Journal of the European Union


L 281/23








            COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2022/2094
of 28 October 2022
         
specifying the technical items of data sets, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the consumption domain pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council
(Text with EEA relevance)


THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,


Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples, amending Regulations (EC) No 808/2004, (EC) No 452/2008 and (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC) No 577/98 (1), and in particular Article 7(1), Article 8(3) and Article 13(6) thereof,

Whereas:







(1)


To ensure the accurate implementation of the sample survey in the consumption domain called the Household Budget Survey (‘HBS’), the Commission should specify the technical items of the data set, the technical formats for transmission of information and the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports.












(2)


The HBS is a key instrument used to compile weightings for important macroeconomic indicators, such as consumer price indices and the harmonised indices of consumer prices as measures of inflation, as well as for national accounts purposes. Those surveys provide detailed descriptions of private households’ total consumption expenditure using household characteristics such as income, housing and many other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. They therefore provide information on the economic and social living conditions of households and individuals in the Member States. The information from the HBS is also used at EU level in the context of consumer protection policy.












(3)


The European Green Deal calls for a sustainable consumer policy that will help empower consumers to make informed choices and play an active role in the ecological transition (2). Furthermore, the Green Deal aims to ensure fair and inclusive transitions, with due attention to social concerns and distribution of impacts. The Farm to Fork strategy also aims at promoting sustainable food consumption and facilitating the shift to healthy, sustainable diets (3). In addition, Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan promotes healthy food to address certain cancer risks (4).












(4)


The international comparability of national statistics on consumption expenditure requires the use of statistical classifications for territorial units, education, occupation and economic sector that are compatible with the NUTS (5), ISCED (6), ISCO (7) and NACE (8) classifications. Furthermore, to classify and analyse individual consumption expenditure incurred by households according to their purpose, the Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (‘COICOP’) (9) is to be used.












(5)


The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the European Statistical System Committee, established by Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (10),





HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:



Article 1

Subject matter

This Regulation specifies the technical items of the data sets, the technical formats for the transmission of information from Member States to the Commission (Eurostat), the arrangements for transmission and the content of the quality reports in the consumption domain.


Article 2

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:






(1)


‘reference period’ means the period to which a particular item of information relates;










(2)


‘current calendar year’ means the calendar year of the interview;










(3)


‘sample person’ means a member of a private household who is at least 16 years old on 1 January of the current calendar year;










(4)


‘sample household’ means a private household containing at least one sample person;










(5)


‘age’ of a person means the age in completed years on 1 January of the current calendar year;










(6)


‘reference person’ means the household member who is at least 16 years old and who contributes most to the total income of the household;










(7)


‘collection unit’ means a household or person with certain characteristics to which or whom the information collected pertains;










(8)


‘household respondent’ means the sample person from whom household-level information is obtained;










(9)


‘diary’ means a template (electronic or paper) in which households and/or household members record all items of daily consumption and/or expenditure;










(10)


‘recording period’ means the period for which a consumption expenditure diary is maintained by the household and/or individual.






Article 3

Statistical concepts and description of variables

Member States shall use the statistical concepts laid down in Annex I.
The technical characteristics of variables shall be those laid down in Annex II and refer to:






(a)


the variable’s identifier;










(b)


the variable’s name;










(c)


the modality label and code;










(d)


the collection unit;










(e)


the reference period.






Article 4

Characteristics of the statistical populations and observation units and the rules on respondents


1.   The target population in the consumption domain shall be private households and all persons composing those households in the territory of the Member State.


2.   Information at household and individual level shall be collected or compiled for all household members, as specified in Annex II.


3.   Proxy interviews shall be allowed.



Article 5

Reference periods


1.   The reference period shall be one calendar year.


2.   The reference period for consumption expenditure shall be the current calendar year. If consumption expenditure is collected retrospectively, i.e. partially in the previous year, it shall be considered as a good proxy for the current year.


3.   The income reference period shall be the current calendar year, except for net current monthly household income where the reference period is the current month.


4.   The reference periods for variables not referring to consumption expenditure and income shall be those specified in Annex II.



Article 6

Detailed sample characteristics


1.   The recording period shall be at least 7 days. It shall be up to a maximum of 1 month unless innovative methods to collect data have been used. In duly justified cases, and only to the extent necessary, a recording period longer than 1 month shall be allowed.


2.   The recording periods of sample households or persons shall be staggered over the reference period to even out the effect of seasonal and other temporal variations for the sample as a whole. This shall be done by dividing the sample into a number of subsamples and distributing these subsamples in terms of the recording period uniformly over the reference period.


3.   At least three attempts shall be made to contact a sample household or person before it is dropped from the survey, unless the following situations occur:






(a)


the address was impossible to locate;










(b)


the address was non-residential or unoccupied;










(c)


the household or person was not found at the address;










(d)


the household or person was unable to respond (including due to incapacity);










(e)


a definite refusal of the household or person to cooperate was received;










(f)


the circumstances endangered the interviewer’s safety.






4.   Controlled substitutions of sample households or persons shall be allowed, if one of the situations listed in paragraph 3 (a) to (f) arises, or if the sample household or person has not been reached after three attempts to contact them.


5.   Procedures shall be followed to ensure that the process of substitution is controlled to the maximum extent possible. Such procedures shall include using a design that ensures that the selected substitutes closely match the significant characteristics of the households or persons that they replace.


6.   The set of sample households or persons for substitution shall be defined prior to data collection. There shall be no substitution with households or persons not belonging to that set.


7.   Small parts of a national territory amounting to no more than two per cent of the national population may be excluded from the HBS.



Article 7

Data gathering periods and methods


1.   The main survey instruments for direct data collection from respondents shall be one or more interviews (household and/or individual interviews) and diary(s) on consumption expenditure maintained by households and/or individuals on a daily basis. For irregular consumption expenditure, data can also be collected retrospectively up to a maximum of 12 months before the interview. Smart tools and sources as well as registers or other methods can be used for data collection.


2.   Data provided directly by respondents shall be collected by pen-and-paper method, by computer-assisted methods, including computer-assisted personal interviews, computer-assisted telephone interviews, self-completed computer-based interviews, computer-assisted web interviews including on tablets and smartphones, and by native smartphone applications.


3.   The timing of the interview shall be as close as possible to the diary recording period.



Article 8

Common standards for data editing, imputation, weighting and estimation


1.   Imputation, modelling or weighting shall be applied to the data where necessary.


2.   Where non-response to total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components at household or personal level, results in missing data, appropriate methods for statistical weighting or imputation shall be applied.


3.   Where non-response to income component variables, including income in kind from non-salaried activities at household or personal level, results in missing data, appropriate methods of statistical imputation shall be applied.


4.   Two methods shall be used to estimate imputed rent depending on the size and structure of the national rental housing market: either the stratification method or the self-assessment method. Preference shall be given to the stratification method based on actual rents (either by direct extrapolation or by means of econometric regression). In the absence of a sufficiently large rental market, the self-assessment method shall be used.


5.   The procedure applied to the data shall preserve the variation in and the correlation between variables. Methods that incorporate ‘error components’ into the imputed values shall be preferred to those that simply impute a predicted value.


6.   Methods that take into account the correlation structure (or other characteristics of the joint distribution of the variables) shall be preferred to the marginal or univariate approach.



Article 9

Formats for transmitting information


1.   Member States shall transmit the microdata that comply with the characteristics of the variables as specified in Annex II in electronic form to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 and its Annex V. Monetary consumption shall be transmitted at 5-digit COICOP level; own consumption and cross-border consumption expenditure shall be transmitted at 2-digit COICOP level.


2.   Member States shall transmit pre-checked data to the Commission (Eurostat) in the form of microdata files including appropriate weights, using the statistical data and metadata exchange standards set by the Commission (Eurostat) and the Single Entry Point.



Article 10

Quality reporting


1.   In addition to the requirements laid down in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 and Regulation (EU) 2019/2180 specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports (11), quality reports by Member States shall comply with the requirements listed in Annex III to this Regulation.


2.   Member States shall transmit the quality-related reference metadata required by this Regulation to the Commission (Eurostat), using the statistical data and metadata exchange standards. They shall send the metadata through the Single Entry Point in order to enable the Commission (Eurostat) to retrieve the data by electronic means.



Article 11
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.




This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 28 October 2022.


For the Commission


The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN
            





(1)  
            OJ L 261 I, 14.10.2019, p. 1.

(2)  COM(2019) 640.

(3)  COM(2020) 381.

(4)  COM(2021) 44.

(5)  Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1).

(6)  International Standard Classification of Education 2011, http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf (available in English, French and Spanish).

(7)  Commission Recommendation 2009/824/EC of 29 October 2009 on the use of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) (OJ L 292, 10.11.2009, p. 31).

(8)  Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains (OJ L 393, 30.12.2006, p. 1).

(9)  UN International Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) 2018 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/business-trade/desc/COICOP_english/COICOP_2018_-_pre-edited_white_cover_version_-_2018-12-26.pdf (available only in English).

(10)  Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 on Community Statistics, and Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom establishing a Committee on the Statistical Programmes of the European Communities (OJ L 87, 31.3.2009, p. 164).

(11)  
            OJ L 330, 20.12.2019, p. 8.




ANNEX I
DEFINITIONS OF STATISTICAL CONCEPTS

Consumption by classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP)

The consumption by classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP) is based on the concept of household final consumption expenditure in European System of Accounts, ESA 2010 (1) as far as applicable to the consumption domain. It refers to expenditure incurred by private households on goods and services for satisfaction of their needs or wants.
Household final consumption expenditure includes the following examples:






(a)


services of owner-occupied dwellings (imputed rent);










(b)


own consumption;










(c)


expenditure on items not treated as intermediate consumption, such as:






(1)


materials for small repairs to and interior decoration of dwellings of a kind carried out by tenants as well as owners;










(2)


materials for repairs and maintenance to consumer durables, including vehicles;














(d)


expenditure on items not treated as capital formation, in particular consumer durables, that continue to perform their function in several accounting periods; this includes the transfer of ownership of some durables from an enterprise to a household;










(e)


financial services directly charged used for final consumption purposes by households (that is, not including FISIM);










(f)


insurance services by the amount of the actual service charge;










(g)


pension funding services by the amount of the actual service charge;










(h)


payments by households for licences, permits, etc. which are regarded as purchases of services;










(i)


the purchase of output at not economically significant prices, e.g. entrance fees for a museum.




Household final consumption expenditure excludes the following:






(a)


social transfers in kind, such as expenditures initially incurred by households but subsequently reimbursed by social security, e.g. some medical expenses;










(b)


expenditure on items treated as intermediate consumption or gross capital formation, such as:






(1)


expenditures by households owning unincorporated enterprises when incurred for business purposes – e.g. on durable goods such as vehicles, furniture or electrical equipment (gross fixed capital formation), and also on non-durables such as fuel (treated as intermediate consumption);










(2)


expenditure that an owner-occupier incurs on the decoration, maintenance and repair of the dwelling not typically carried out by tenants (treated as intermediate consumption in producing housing services);










(3)


the purchase of dwellings (treated as gross fixed capital formation);










(4)


expenditure on valuables (treated as gross fixed capital formation);














(c)


items treated as acquisitions of non-produced assets, in particular the purchase of land;










(d)


all those payments by households which are to be regarded as taxes;










(e)


voluntary transfers in cash or in kind by households to charities and relief and aid organisations.




The final consumption expenditure of households shall be recorded at purchasers’ prices. This is the price the purchaser actually pays for the products at the time of the purchase.
The purchaser’s price includes the following:






(a)


taxes less subsidies on the products (but excluding deductible taxes like VAT on the products);










(b)


transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place;










(c)


deductions for any discounts for bulk or off-peak-purchases from standard prices or charges.




The purchaser’s price excludes the following:






(a)


interest or services charges added under credit arrangements;










(b)


extra charges incurred as a result of late payment, where late payment means failing to pay within the period stated at the time the purchases were made.





Imputed rent

The purchase of the dwelling as such shall be regarded as capital formation (investment) and not consumer expenditure, and consequently shall be excluded from household final consumption expenditure. The ownership of a dwelling however produces a service, a shelter, which is consumed over time by the households, and as a consequence, an estimated price of the shelter, by imputation of a rental, shall be included in the household final consumption expenditure. It shall be part of the non-monetary part of household final consumption expenditure since no monetary transaction is involved.
The imputed rent represents simultaneously a non-monetary source of income, and consequently shall be recorded on the income side as well.
The imputed rent shall be estimated for all households that do not report paying full rent, either because they are owner-occupiers, or because they live in an accommodation rented at a lower price than the market price, or because the accommodation is provided rent-free.
The imputed rent shall be estimated only for those dwellings (and any associated buildings such as a garage) that are used as a main residence by the households.
The value of imputed rent shall be the estimated value of rental that would be paid for a similar accommodation, taking into account factors such as location, neighbourhood amenities, etc., as well as the size and quality of the dwelling itself. This value shall be reduced by any rent actually paid (in the case where the accommodation is rented at a lower price than the market price) and reduced by any ordinary maintenance (gas, electricity, water, etc.), minor repairs or refurbishment expenditure which the owner-occupier households make on the property of the type that would normally be carried out by landlords.
For garages located separately from dwellings, which are used by the owner for final consumption purposes in connection with using the dwelling, a similar imputation shall be made.
To estimate the value of owner-occupied dwelling services, the stratification method based on actual rents (either by direct extrapolation or by means of econometric regression) shall be preferably used.






—


The stock of dwellings shall be preferably stratified by location, size and nature of dwelling and other factors that affect the rental. Information about actual rentals from privately-owned rented dwellings shall be used to obtain an estimate of the rental value of the total stock of dwellings. The average actual rental per stratum shall be applied to all dwellings in that particular stratum.










—


The rental to be applied to owner-occupied dwellings in the stratification method is defined as the private market rental due for the right to use an unfurnished dwelling. The rentals for unfurnished dwellings from all private market contracts shall be used to determine imputed rentals. Private market rentals that are at a low level due to government regulation are included.










—


If the sample size for the observed rentals as defined above is not large enough, observed rentals for furnished dwellings may be used for imputation purposes, provided they are adjusted for the furniture element. Exceptionally, also increased rentals for public-owned dwellings may be used. Low rentals for dwellings let to relatives or to employees should not be used.




In the absence of a sufficiently large rental market, where accommodation is dominated by owner-occupied dwellings, the self-assessment method shall be applied for owner-occupied dwellings. The value of the imputed rent under this method refers to a self-assessed value used as direct estimate of the market price value of the dwelling.

Own consumption

Own consumption refers to goods and services produced as outputs of unincorporated enterprises owned by households that are retained for consumption by the members of the same household. Examples of products retained for own final consumption include:






(a)


agricultural products retained by farmers;










(b)


housing (dwelling) services produced by owner-occupiers;










(c)


household services produced by employing paid staff.




Domestic and personal services that are produced and consumed within the same household are not counted as production in ESA and as a result shall not be part of own consumption. Examples of domestic services produced by households themselves that shall be excluded are:






(a)


cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling as far as these activities are also common for tenants;










(b)


cleaning, servicing and repair of household durables;










(c)


preparation and serving of meals;










(d)


care, training and instruction of children;










(e)


care of sick, infirm or old people; and










(f)


transportation of members of the household or their goods.




However, domestic and personal services that are produced by employing paid domestic staff are considered as production, and make part of final consumption expenditure.
Own consumption shall be recorded when the output retained is taken into the household for own final consumption, and shall be valued at the purchaser’s price of similar products (goods or services) sold on the market. Domestic and personal services that are produced by employing paid domestic staff shall be valued by the compensation of employees paid; this shall include any compensation in kind such as food or accommodation.

Cross-border consumption expenditure

Household final consumption expenditure includes consumption expenditure of private resident households, whether the expenditure takes place in the country or abroad. Cross border consumption expenditure refers to the part of the household’s consumption expenditure effected abroad. It covers all direct purchases of goods and services made by residents while travelling abroad for business or personal purposes. Two categories, which require different treatment, shall be distinguished:






(a)


all business-related expenditure by business travellers are intermediate consumption, and therefore shall be excluded from household final consumption;










(b)


all other expenditure, whether by business travellers or other travellers, shall be household final consumption expenditure.




Only cross-border consumption expenditure made in monetary form shall be registered.

Total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components

Household total annual net income from all sources includes monetary annual net income from all sources, income in kind from employment, income in kind from non-salaried activities and imputed rent.
Household total annual net income from all sources should equal the sum for all household members of total personal annual net income from all sources plus all annual net income components at household level.

Monetary annual net income from all sources

Monetary annual net income from all sources includes:






—


Cash or near-cash employee income.










—


Cash profits or losses from self-employment (including royalties).










—


Property income:






a.


Interest, dividends, profits from capital investment in an unincorporated business;










b.


Income from rental of a property or land;










c.


Pensions received from individual private plans (other than those covered under the European system of integrated social protection statistics (ESSPROS)).














—


Current transfers received:






a.


Social benefits:






—


Family/children-related allowances;










—


Housing allowances;










—


Unemployment benefits;










—


Old-age benefits;










—


Survivors’ benefits;










—


Sickness benefits;










—


Disability benefits;










—


Education-related allowances;










—


Social exclusion allowances/benefits not classified elsewhere;














b.


Regular inter-household cash transfers received.














—


Other cash income received.





Income in kind from employment

Income in kind from employment refers to the non-monetary income components which an employer may provide free of charge or at a reduced price to an employee as part of the employment package. (If any goods or services are provided for both private and work use, then private use, as a proportion of total use, must be estimated and applied to the total value).
It includes:






—


a company car and associated costs (e.g. free fuel, car insurance, taxes and duties, as applicable) provided either for private use or for both private and work use,










—


free or subsidised meals, luncheon vouchers,










—


reimbursement or payment of housing-related expenses (e.g. gas, electricity, water, telephone or mobile telephone bills),










—


accommodation provided free or at reduced rent to an employee as the household’s main or secondary residence,










—


other goods and services provided free or at a reduced price by employers to their employees, if they are a significant component of income at national level or they constitute a significant component of the income of particular groups of households.




The value of goods and services provided free of charge shall be calculated according to their market value. The value of goods and services provided at a reduced price shall be calculated as the difference between the market value and the amount paid by the employee.
It does not include:






—


the cost to the employer of providing any of these goods and services if they are necessary to enable employees to do their work,










—


accommodation services at a place of work which cannot be used by the households to which the employees belong,










—


allowances paid to employees for the purchase of tools, equipment, clothes, etc. needed exclusively or primarily for their work,










—


special meals or drinks necessitated by exceptional working conditions,










—


any goods or services provided to employees at the place of work or required because of the nature of their work (e.g. a medical examination required for work).





Income in kind from non-salaried activities

Income in kind from non-salaried activities includes output for own final consumption, that is goods and services produced by households that are retained for consumption by the members of the same household.
Income in kind from non-salaried activities does not include imputed rent.

Tax on income and social insurance contributions

Tax on income refers to taxes on income, profits and capital gains. They are assessed on the actual or presumed income of individuals, households or tax units. They include taxes assessed on holdings of property, land or real estate, where these holdings are used as a basis for estimating the income of their owners. Taxes related to pensions received from individual private plans (other than those covered under ESSPROS) should also be taken into account.
Taxes on income include:






—


taxes on individual, household or tax-unit income (income from employment, property, entrepreneurship, pensions, etc.), including taxes deducted by employers (pay-as-you-earn taxes), other taxes at source and taxes on the income of owners of unincorporated enterprises paid during the income reference period,










—


any tax repayment received during the income reference period relating to tax paid on the income received during the income reference period or previous years. This value should be taken into account as a reduction of taxes paid,










—


any interest charged on arrears of taxes due and any fines imposed by taxation authorities.




Taxes on income do not include:






—


fees paid for hunting, shooting and fishing rights.






(1)  Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (OJ L 174, 26.6.2013, p. 1).





ANNEX II
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIABLES










Variable`s identifier


Variable name


Modality code


Modality label


Collection unit


Reference period




Detailed topic: DATA COLLECTION INFORMATION




HA02


Year(s) of the survey


Year(s)


Year(s) of the survey


Household


Current




HC04C


Date of the first Interview of household


DD/MM/YYYY


Date of the first Interview of household


Household


Current




MB03C


Date of the first Interview of household member


DD/MM/YYYY


Date of the first Interview of household member


All current household members


Current




HA06


Stratum


1–9999999999998


Stratum identifier


Household


At selection




9999999999999


Not applicable




HA07


Primary sampling unit


1–9999999999998


Secondary sampling unit identifier


Household


At selection




9999999999999


Not applicable




Detailed topic: IDENTIFICATION




HA04


Identification number of the household (HH file)


ID number


Household ID


Household


Current




MA04


Identification number of the household (HH member file)


ID number


Household ID


All current household members


Current




MA05


Identification number of the member of household (HH member file)


ID number


ID number


All current household members


Current




HA13


Identification number of the member of the household responding to the household questionnaire


ID number


ID number of the person responding to the household questionnaire


Household


Current




Detailed topic: WEIGHTS




HA10


Final weight


Weight


Final weight


Household


Current




Detailed topic: INTERVIEW CHARACTERISTICS




HA11


Interviewing mode used (household interview)


1


Paper assisted personal interview (PAPI)


Household


Current




2


Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI)




3


Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI)




4


Computer assisted web-interview (CAWI)




5


Smart mode




6


Other




9


Not applicable




MA11


Interviewing mode used (individual interview)


1


Paper assisted personal interview (PAPI)


All current household members


Current




2


Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI)




3


Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI)




4


Computer assisted web-interview (CAWI)




5


Smart mode




6


Other




9


Not applicable




HA12


Interviewing mode used (diary)


1


Paper assisted personal interview (PAPI)


Household


Current




2


Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI)




3


Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI)




4


Computer assisted web-interview (CAWI)




5


Smart mode




6


Other




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: LOCALISATION


 




MB012


Country of residence


SCL GEO code


Country of residence


All current household members


Current




HA08


Region of residence


NUTS (2 digits)


Region (2 digits)


Household


Current




HA09


Degree of urbanisation


1


Cities


Household


Current




2


Towns and suburbs




3


Rural areas




Detailed topic: DEMOGRAPHY




MB02


Sex of household member


1


Male


All current household members


Current




2


Female




MB03


Age (in completed years) of household member


Age


Age


All current household members


Current




Blank


Not stated




MB03A


Year of birth of household member


Year


Year of birth


All current household members


Constant




Blank


Not stated




MB03B


Passing of birthday of household member at the time of the interview


1


Yes


All current household members


Current




2


No




Blank


Not stated




MB04


Marital status of household member


1


Never married and never in a registered partnership


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Married or in a registered partnership




3


Widowed or with registered partnership that ended with death of partner (not remarried or in new registered partnership)




4


Divorced or with registered partnership that was legally dissolved (not remarried or in new registered partnership)




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: CITIZENSHIP AND MIGRANT BACKGROUND




MB01


Country of birth


SCL GEO code


Country of birth


All current household members


Constant




77


Foreign-born but country of birth unknown




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




MB011


Country of main citizenship


SCL GEO code


Country of main citizenship


All current household members


Current




66


Stateless




77


Foreign citizenship but country unknown




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




MB01F


Country of birth of father


SCL GEO code


Country of birth


All current household members aged 16 and over


Constant




77


Father foreign-born but country of birth of the father unknown




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




MB01M


Country of birth of mother


SCL GEO code


Country of birth


All current household members aged 16 and over


Constant




77


Mother foreign-born but country of birth of the mother unknown




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




Detailed topic: HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION




MBGRIDXX


Household grid (1)



10


Partner (low level)


All current household members


Current




11


Husband/wife/civil partner (high level)/optional





12


Partner/cohabitee (high level)/optional





20


Son/daughter (low level)




21


Natural/adopted son/daughter (high level)/optional





22


Step-son/step-daughter (high level)/optional





30


Son-in-law/daughter-in-law (low or high level)




40


Grandchild (low or high level)




50


Parent (low level)




51


Natural/adoptive parent (high level)/optional





52


Step-parent (high level)/optional





60


Parent in law (low or high level)




70


Grandparent (low or high level)




80


Brother/Sister (low level)




81


Natural brother/sister (high level)/optional





82


Step-brother/sister (high level)/optional





90


Other relative (low or high level)




95


Other non-relative (low or high level)




Blank


Not stated (low or high level)




MB042


Partners living in the same household


1


Person living with a legal or de facto partner


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Person not living with a legal or de facto partner




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: DISABILITY AND MINIMUM EUROPEAN HEALTH MODULE




MH01


Self-perceived general health


1


Very good


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Good




3


Fair (neither good nor bad)




4


Bad




5


Very bad




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




MH02


Long standing health problems


1


Yes


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


No




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




MH03


Limitation in activities because of health problems


1


Severely limited


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Limited but not severely




3


Not limited at all




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: MAIN ACTIVITY STATUS (SELF-DEFINED)




ME01A


Main activity status (self-defined)


1


Employed


All current household members


Current




2


Unemployed




3


Retired




4


Unable to work due to long-standing health problems




5


Pupil or student




6


Fulfilling domestic tasks




7


In compulsory military, civilian service




8


Other




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: ELEMENTARY JOB CHARACTERISTICS




ME0908


Occupation in main job


ISCO-08


ISCO at 2-digit level


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




ME04


Economic activity of the local unit (main job)


NACE


NACE at 2-digit level


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




ME02


Main job: full- or part-time (self-defined)


1


Full-time job


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Part-time job




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




ME12


Status in employment in main job


1


Self-employed person with employees


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Self-employed person without employees




3


Employee




4


Unpaid Family worker




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




ME13


Sector of occupation of household member


1


Public sector employee


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Private sector employee




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND BACKGROUND




MC01


Highest educational attainment level


0


No formal education or below ISCED 1


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




1


ISCED 1 Primary education




2


ISCED 2 Lower secondary education




3


ISCED 3 Upper secondary education




4


ISCED 4 Post-secondary non-tertiary education




5


ISCED 5 Short cycle tertiary education




6


ISCED 6 Bachelor or equivalent level




7


ISCED 7 Master or equivalent level




8


ISCED 8 Doctorate or equivalent level




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION - ADDITIONAL SPECIFIC DETAILS




HB05


Household size


1-99


Total number of members of the household


Household


Current




Blank


Not stated




HB075


Household type


1


One person household


Household


Current




2


Lone parent with at least one child aged less than 25




3


Lone parent with all children aged 25 or more




4


Couple without any child(ren)




5


Couple with at least one child aged less than 25




6


Couple with all children aged 25 or more




8


Other type of household




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: MAIN HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS




HD01


Household tenure status


1


Owner without outstanding mortgage


Household


Current




2


Owner with outstanding mortgage




3


Tenant, rent at market price




4


Tenant, rent at reduced price




5


Tenant paying no rent




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




HD03


Dwelling type


1


Detached house


Household


Current




2


Semi-detached or terraced house




3


Apartment or flat in a building with less than 10 dwellings




4


Apartment or flat in a building with 10 or more dwellings




5


Some other kind of accommodation




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




HD06


Number of rooms available to the household


1-9.9


Number of rooms


Household


Current




10


10 or more rooms




Blank


Not stated




99


Not applicable




Detailed topic: PARTICIPATION IN FORMAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES (CURRENT)




MC02A


Participation in formal education and training (student or apprentice)


1


Yes


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


No




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




MC02B


Level of the current/most recent formal education or training activity


0


No formal education or below ISCED 1


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




1


ISCED 1 Primary education




2


ISCED 2 Lower secondary education




3


ISCED 3 Upper secondary education




4


ISCED 4 Post-secondary non-tertiary education




5


ISCED 5 Short cycle tertiary education




6


ISCED 6 Bachelor or equivalent level




7


ISCED 7 Master or equivalent level




8


ISCED 8 Doctorate or equivalent level




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: DURATION OF CONTRACT




ME03A


Permanency of main job


1


Permanent written contract


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current




2


Permanent verbal agreement




3


Fixed-term written contract




4


Fixed-term verbal agreement




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME AT THE LEVEL OF PERSONS AND HOUSEHOLDS




MF099


Total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components, of household member (member file)


0-99999999999999


Income (national currency)


All current household members aged 16 and over


Current calendar year




Blank


Not stated




HH099


Total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components


0-99999999999999


Income (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: MAIN INCOME COMPONENTS




HH011


Net current monthly household income


0-99999999999999


Income (national currency)


Household


Current month




Blank


Not stated




HH095


Monetary annual net income from all sources


0-99999999999999


Income (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Blank


Not stated




HH012


Income in kind from employment


0-99999999999999


Income (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: INCOME IN KIND FROM NON-SALARIED ACTIVITIES




HH023


Income in kind from non-salaried activities


0-99999999999999


Income (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Blank


Not Stated




Detailed topic: IMPUTED RENT




HH032


Imputed rent


0-99999999999999


Imputed rent (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Blank


Not Stated




Detailed topic: MAIN SOURCE OF INCOME




HI11


Main source of income


1


Wages or salary


Household


Current calendar year




2


Income from self-employment




3


Property income




4


Pensions, retirement benefits




5


Unemployment benefit




6


Other current benefits and other income




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: ELEMENTS OF WEALTH, INCLUDING DWELLING OWNERSHIP




HW10


Value of main residence


1-99999999999


Value (national currency)


Household


Current




Blank


Not stated




HW20


Savings (in a typical month)


1


Household puts money aside


Household


Current




2


Household needs to draw on savings




3


Household needs to borrow money




4


Household neither puts money aside nor needs to draw on savings or borrow




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS




HW30


Tax on income and social insurance contributions


-99999999-99999999


Taxes (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: DEBTS




HW40


Total left to repay for the mortgage on main residence


0-99999999999


Amount left to repay (in national currency)


Household


Current




Blank


Not stated




HW50


Monthly principal and interest repayments for the mortgage


0-99999999.99


Mortgage principal and interest repayments (in national currency)


Household


Current




Blank


Not stated




Detailed topic: ARREARS




HW60


Arrears


1


Yes


Household


Current




2


No




Blank


Not stated




9


Not applicable




Detailed topic: CONSUMPTION BY THE CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION BY PURPOSE (COICOP) (2)





HE01A


Food and non-alcoholic beverages


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE02A


Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE03A


Clothing and footwear


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE04A


Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE05A


Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE06A


Health


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE07A


Transport


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE08A


Information and communication


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE09A


Recreation, sport and culture


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE10A


Education services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE11A


Restaurants and accommodation services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE12A


Insurance and financial services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE13A


Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Detailed topic: OWN CONSUMPTION




HE01B


Food and non-alcoholic beverages


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE02B


Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE03B


Clothing and footwear


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE04B


Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE05B


Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE06B


Health


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE07B


Transport


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE08B


Information and communication


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE09B


Recreation, sport and culture


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE10B


Education services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE11B


Restaurants and accommodation services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE12B


Insurance and financial services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HE13B


Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services


0-99999999999999


Amount (in national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Detailed topic: CROSS-BORDER CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY COICOP




HJ01


Food and non-alcoholic beverages


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ02


Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ03


Clothing and footwear


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ04


Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ05


Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ06


Health


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ07


Transport


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ08


Information and communication


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ09


Recreation, sport and culture


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ10


Education services


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ11


Restaurants and accommodation services


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ12


Insurance and financial services


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




HJ13


Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services


0-99999999999999


Expenditure (national currency)


Household


Current calendar year




Detailed topic: QUANTITIES (3)
(optional)





HQ01


Food and non-alcoholic beverages


0-9999999999999999.9


Amount


Household


Current calendar year




HQ02


Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics


0-9999999999999999.9


Amount


Household


Current calendar year






(1)  For Household Grid variable, modality codes 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95 at least low level of detail shall be provided. High level of detail is optional.

(2)  Monetary consumption by the classification of individual consumption by purpose shall be transmitted at 5-digit COICOP level

(3)  Quantities shall be transmitted for the groups ‘Food and non-alcoholic beverages’ and ‘Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics’ at 5-digit COICOP level.





ANNEX III
DETAILED ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTENT OF QUALITY REPORTS






(1)


Member States shall transmit a quality report to the Commission (Eurostat) according to the rules set out in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 and Regulation (EU) 2019/2180 specifying the detailed arrangements and content for the quality reports (1).










(2)


Member States shall include the following specific information in the quality report on the consumption domain.




STATISTICAL PRESENTATION

Data description







—


Title of the survey at national level, year of the survey, link to the survey website





Classification systems

List of the version of classification used in the data, and any deviations from European statistical standards or international standards.

Statistical concepts and definitions, including reference period







—


List of concepts and variables that deviate from the standard definitions, mentioning the national concepts used and any differences between the national concepts and the respective standard definitions










—


Consumption expenditure shall be calculated as household final consumption expenditure; any deviation from this standard definition shall be described










—


Method for calculating imputed rent (stratification/regression method specifying the type of model/regression used and variables used; self-assessment method).










—


Method for calculating/imputing income and income components, if applicable




STATISTICAL PROCESSING

Source data







—


Description of the data source used for building the sampling frame (e.g. population register, household register, dwelling register, population census, another survey, etc.), frequency of update and year of last update of the data source, and method used for obtaining or creating the sampling frame. Survey name shall be indicated where another survey has been used as a data source.










—


Regarding sample design:










—


If the ultimate sampling unit is different from the private household, it shall be reported










—


Methods for sample design (e.g. simple random sampling; systematic sampling; stratified sampling; cluster sampling, multiple stage sampling, combination of designs). If Member States use stratified sampling, the stratification and sub-stratification criteria shall be reported. If Member States use multiple stage sampling, the different stages and the corresponding probabilities (equal, unequal, proportional to size) shall be described. If Member States use a combination of designs, the designs used shall be described.










—


Sample size





Data collection







—


Description of methods used to conduct the interview (e.g. PAPI, CATI, CAPI, CASI, CAWI (2), and/or other sources such as registers, other surveys, smart ways of data collection based on mobile apps, etc.) The variables collected based on other sources shall be listed.










—


Description of methods used to compile the consumption expenditure diary (e.g. pen and pencil diary, computer-based diary, web diary, cash-register receipts, receipt scanning, loyalty cards, administrative data, mobile apps and/or other sources of collecting data in a smart way, etc.)





Data compilation







—


Household weightings: Each step of weighting should be described separately: design weights; weight adjustments for non-response, weight adjustments to external data sources (calibration techniques used, level and variables used for the adjustment), any other weight adjustments (e.g. trimming, top (bottom)-coding of the weight distribution to adjust for outliers); final weights.










—


Where imputation is used, any imputed variables shall be listed, the imputation procedure used shall be described and the reasons for imputation shall be explained. The number of imputed values as a percentage of the total number of observations shall be reported for each income and income component variable, including income in kind from non-salaried activities, both at household and personal level.




ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY

Sampling error







—


Precision requirements shall be expressed in standard errors for the indicator ‘Percentage of households whose expenditure on housing-related categories including water, electricity, gas and other fuels, are more than 50 % of the total expenditure’, and are defined as continuous functions of the actual estimate and of the size of the statistical population in a country as defined in Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 for the consumption domain.










—


For the total consumption expenditure (HE00) and the 2-digit COICOP level consumption expenditure (HE01 to HE13) the mean, the total number of observations and the standard errors shall be reported at national level.










—


Countries shall describe the methodology for calculating the precision estimates. Where the precision requirements are reached by combining microdata concerning a maximum of three successive years of observations in line with point 8 of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700, countries shall describe the relevant alternative methods used to estimate and assess the precision.





Non-sampling error

Measurement error
The different sources of measurement errors likely to be found in the survey shall be described. This includes:






—


Description and testing of the questionnaire and diary design,










—


Description of interview training (e.g. number of training days, skills testing before starting the fieldwork (rate of success, etc.)),










—


Information on studies to check the impact of the interviewer, such as re-interviews, record check studies, or split-sample experiments (if available), and results from models (if available).




Non-response error

Unit non-response







—


Member States shall compute household non-response rates as follows:





Household non-response rates (NRh) shall be computed as follows:

NRh = (1-(Ra * Rh)) * 100,

Where:
Ra is the address contact rate, and it is computed as the Number of addresses successfully contacted divided by the Number of valid addresses selected;
Rh is the proportion of completed household interviews accepted for the database, and it is computed as the Number of household interviews completed and accepted for database divided by the Number of eligible households at contacted addresses.






—


For those Member States where controlled substitutions are made in case of unit non-response, non-response rates shall be calculated before and after substitution.










—


Breakdowns of non-respondents by characteristics and reasons for non-response as far as available










—


Description of any measures taken to correct for non-response, and evaluation of any difficulties such measures may indirectly involve (e.g. calibration involving high and volatile weights)










—


If controlled substitutions are applied in cases of unit non-response and under the provisions of Article 6(4), (5,) (6) and (7), substitution rates shall be provided as well as a description of the method of selection of substitutes, main characteristics of substituted units compared to the original units, distribution of substituted (original) units by number of attempts for contact at address, household interview/diary acceptance, and household questionnaire/diary result.










—


Number of households successfully contacted before and after substitution










—


Number of responding households before and after substitution










—


Gross sample size, number of eligible units and net sample size, including substitution units (achieved sample size) needs to be provided





Item non-response

For variables Household Grid, Age (in completed years) of household member, Main activity status (self-defined), all income and income component variables, Main source of income, Household Tenure Status, the following information shall be provided:






—


Percentages of households (per variable collected or compiled at household level) or percentage of persons (per variable collected or compiled at personal level) having received an amount for each variable,










—


Percentage of households (per variable collected or compiled at household level) or percentage of persons (per variable collected or compiled at personal level) with missing values (before imputation) for each variable collected or compiled at household/personal level. Variables constructed/collected from several component variables where there is a missing value before imputation for at least one component at household/personal level shall be treated as variables with missing values before imputation for that household/person.




Processing error






—


Information to be provided about any errors in processing and their impact on the final data collection results arising from faulty implementation of correctly planned implementation methods. An account shall be given of the main errors detected in the post-data-collection process.










—


Description of the quality checks (e.g. data entry controls, coding controls, etc.) and the data editing process (e.g. description of the main data editing rules regarding consumption expenditure and income variables).










—


Imputation procedures shall be described. Information to be provided on the imputation rate calculated as the share of observations imputed (for each variable) out of the total number of observations.





Data revision – policy

Information shall be provided about any policy designed to ensure the transparency of disseminated data, whereby the preliminary data compiled are subsequently revised. If data are revised, this shall be reported.

Data revision -practice







—


Schedule for revisions










—


Main reasons for revisions and their nature (new source data available, new methods, etc.)










—


Impact of revisions on indicators




COHERENCE AND COMPARABILITY

Coherence – cross domain


Coherence – EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC)

A comparison of the following income variables with EU-SILC shall either be implemented at national level or be validated by the countries on the basis of calculations made by Eurostat: At-risk-of-poverty threshold (EUR), At-risk-of-poverty rate (%), Relative at-risk-of-poverty gap, Income quintile share ratio S80/S20, Gini coefficient.

Coherence – Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP)

A comparison of the structure of consumption expenditure at 2-digit COICOP level shall either be implemented at national level or be validated by the countries on the basis of calculations made by Eurostat with the corresponding variables from HICP.

Coherence – National accounts

A comparison of the structure of Consumption Expenditure at 2-digit COICOP level shall either be implemented at national level or be validated by the countries on the basis of calculations made by Eurostat with the corresponding variables from national accounts.

Coherence – internal

Any lack of coherence in the HBS data set shall be reported, together with explanations for such inconsistencies.


(1)  
            OJ L 330, 20.12.2019, p. 8.

(2)  PAPI – traditional pen-and-paper personal interview; CATI – computer-assisted telephone interview; CAPI – computer-assisted personal interview; CASI – self-completed computer-based interview; CAWI – computer assisted web interview.