Integration of immigrants in the European Union.
Date: 2022-07-19
Institutions: Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs
Subjects: EU Member State, EU migration policy, human relations, immigration, integration of migrants, migrant, migrant worker, opinion poll, refugee, sample survey, transfer of population

Special Eurobarometer 519 
Report 

Integration of immigrants in the 
European Union 

Fieldwork: November-December 2021 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Survey conducted by Kantar at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG 
HOME)  

Survey co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication 

(DG COMM “Media monitoring and Eurobarometer Unit”) 

Project title 

Integration of immigrants in the European Union 

Language version 

Catalogue number 

ISBN 

© European Union, 2022 

https://www.europa.eu/eurobarometer 

Photo credit: Getty Images 

Report 

EN 

DR-06-22-176-EN-N 

978-92-76-50186-2

doi:10.2837/672792 

2 

Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

I. GENERAL PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR INTEGRATION

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Self-assessed levels of information about immigration and integration matters

Perception and knowledge about the order of magnitude of immigration across the EU countries

Personal experiences and attitudes towards immigrants

Personal ties with immigrants

General perceptions about the impact of immigrants on the EU societies and their integration

II. EUROPEAN VIEWS ON THE CONDITIONS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS

1.

2.

European views of the successful integration of immigrants

Potential obstacles to integration

3. Measures to support the integration of immigrants

4.

Impact of COVID-19 on the process of integration of immigrants

III. THE INTEGRATION AS A MULTI-FACETED PROCESS

1.

2.

3.

Integration: a two-way process

The role of various actors in the integration of immigrants

Evaluation of governments’ actions to foster the integration of immigrants

CONCLUSION 

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 

Questionnaire 

Tables 

4 

7 

10 
11 
16 
21 
33 
40 

52 
53 
61 
69 
74 

76 
77 
80 
87 

90 

TS1 

Q1 

T1 

3 

 
INTRODUCTION  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

  Self-reported personal experiences, ties with, and level of 

comfort in interacting with immigrants; 

  Evaluation  of  the  success  in  integrating  immigrants,  the 
factors which facilitate integration, the obstacles that may 
prevent it and the measures that could support it; 

  Opinions  about  the  roles  and  responsibilities  of  various 
actors, the media and government institutions with respect 
to the integration of immigrants.  

INTRODUCTION 

in 

reside 

the  Union  making  around  8%  of 

In the European Union (EU), immigration has become a fact of 
life. Today, approximately 37 million persons born outside the 
its 
EU 
total  population1.  Both  inside  the  EU,  and  between  the  EU 
and the rest  of  the  world,  populations  have  become  more 
mobile,  moving 
and, 
unfortunately,  fleeing  persecution  and  war.  In  all  likelihood, 
migration will remain a key feature of European societies for 
years to come. Effective integration  policies,  particularly  for 
the  inclusion of  third-c ountry nationals, is crucial. 

for  work, 

leisure, 

family, 

countries  but 

Immigration and the integration of immigrants have become, 
and is likely to remain, a politically sensitive issue. The return 
to  pre-COVID  situation  concerning  the  number  of  refugee 
applications,  particularly  in  the  aftermath  of  upheavals  in 
away 
in 
neighbouring 
regions, 
important  element  of  discussion 
across  Member  States,  even  if  refugees  and  beneficiaries  of 
international  protection  are  a  specific  segment  of  legal 
immigrants.  According  to  a  Standard  Eurobarometer  survey 
conducted  in  spring  20212,  immigration  is  among  the  top 
three  issues  facing  the  EU  by  25%  of  EU  citizens,    up  five  
percent from the previous wave. 

is  also  an 

further 

also 

To  address  the  challenges  of  integration  and  contribute  to 
alleviate  EU  citizens’  concerns  about  the  ability  of  their 
countries to manage these challenges, the EU has taken steps 
to support Member States in their integration policies3, even 
if the latter retain primary competence in this domain. While 
the needs of migrants may differ depending on their reason 
face 
for  coming 
similar  challenges  with 
that 
can  more  effectively  be  addressed  with  the  policy, 
operational  and  financial support of the EU. 

the  EU,  many  Member  States 
integration 

respect 

to 

to 

In order to better understand how the EU institutions can work 
with Member States and other actors to tackle the challenges 
of integration, it is necessary to have a clearer understanding 
of  public  opinion  on  the  issue.  In  addition,  it  is  crucial  to 
understand how views differ across Member States, as well as 
socio-demographic 
among 
groups  and  depending  on  existing  interactions  and  ties 
with  immigrants.  This  survey  follows  a  survey  conducted  in 
2017 45  to  measure  the  attitudes  of  Europeans  towards 
immigration  and  the  integration of non-EU immigrants6.  

European 

citizens 

across 

To this purpose, this report focuses on: 

  General perceptions of immigrants and knowledge about 
the extent and nature of immigration in the respondent’s 
home country; 

1 Eurostat, 1/1/2021, table: migr_pop3ctb (Last update: 18/11/2021), 
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=migr_pop3ctb&lang
=en  
2https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/europe-immigration-most-
important-issue-facing-eu-eurobarometer-says_en  
3  EC(2020) Action Plan on integration and inclusion 2021-2028 (758) final 
4 Special Eurobarometer survey 469 “Integration of immigrants in the European 
Union”, https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2169 
5 In 2017, the survey was conducted in the EU28, including the UK; while in 2022 
it was conducted in the EU27 (excluding the UK).  

5 

6 In this survey, in all questions except in Q1, immigrants are defined as people 
born outside the European Union, who have moved away from their country of 
birth and are at the moment staying legally in an EU country. This definition was 
repeated several times during the interviewing process to ensure all respondents 
have the same understanding of how an immigrant is defined in the survey. It 
was  also added:  We  are  not  talking  about  EU  citizens,  children  of  immigrants 
who  have  (NATIONALITY)  nationality  and  immigrants  staying  illegally.  Official 
statistics  show  that  most  of  the  non-EU  immigrants  staying  legally  in  (OUR 
COUNTRY) come from [LIST TOP 4-5 origin countries of non-EU born]. 

METHODOLOGY 

Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

We would like to thank all respondents in 
Europe who took the time to take part in this 
survey. 

Without their active participation, this survey 
would not have been possible. 

This survey was carried out by the Kantar network in the 27 EU 
Member States between the 2nd of November and the 3rd of 
December  2021.  Some  26,510  respondents  from  different 
social  and  demographic  groups  were  interviewed  in  their 
mother  tongue.  This  survey  was  commissioned  by  the 
European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and 
framework  of  the 
Home  Affairs 
Communication  on  the  ‘Digital  Compass:  the  European  way 
for the Digital Decade’. 

(DG  HOME) 

in  the 

The  methodology  used  is  that  of  Eurobarometer  surveys  as 
carried  out  for  the  Directorate-General  for  Communication 
(“Media monitoring and analysis” Unit). However, in order to 
run fieldwork during the COVID pandemic, it was necessary to 
change  the  methodology  in  some  countries  (total  or  partial 
online interviews in some countries). A technical note on the 
way the interviews were conducted by the institutes within the 
Kantar network is annexed to this report. Also included are the 
interview methods and confidence intervals.  

Note:  In  this  report,  Member  States  are  referred  to  by  their 
official abbreviation, as listed below: 

Belgium 
Bulgaria 
Czechia 
Denmark  
Germany 
Estonia 
Ireland 
Greece  
Spain 
France 
Croatia 
Italy 
Republic of 
Cyprus* 
Latvia 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
EN 
HR 
IT 
CY* 

LV 

Lithuania  
Luxembourg  
Hungary 
Malta 
Netherlands 
Austria 
Poland 
Portugal  
Romania 
Slovenia 
Slovakia 
Finland 
Sweden 

LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 

European Union - weighted average for the 
27 Member States of the European Union 

EU27 

* Cyprus as a whole is one of the 27 European Union Member States. 
However, the “acquis communautaire” has been suspended in the part 
of  the  country  which  is  not  controlled  by  the  government  of  the 
Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews carried 
out in the part of the country controlled by the government of the 
Republic of Cyprus are included in the “CY” category and in the EU27 
average. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Portugal  and  Ireland  (both  89%),  Spain  (88%),  and  the 
Netherlands  (85%).  Conversely,  Hungary  (24%),  Bulgaria 
(29%)  and  Romania  (35%)  stand  out  with  the  lowest 
proportions  of  respondents  who  would  feel  comfortable 
with immigrants. 

  At  the  EU  level,  four  in  ten  respondents  interact  with 
immigrants at least weekly, although this varies by country. 

  Younger respondents (53%) and those with higher levels 
of education (45%) are consistently more likely to report 
higher  levels  of  contact  with  immigrants  on  at  least  a 
weekly basis. 

A majority of Europeans (51%) have personal ties with 
immigrants 

  More than half of Europeans (51%) have either friends or 
family members who are immigrants, a sharp increase of 
20 percentage points from 2017. 

  The vast majority (over nine in ten) of those surveyed were 
born  in  the  country  in  which  the  survey  was  conducted, 
with  nearly  as  many  saying  their  parents  were  also  born 
there (92%).  

  In more than half of the EU Member States the proportion 
of respondents who say that all of their grandparents were 
born  in  the  country  decreased  in  a  range  from  1  to  13 
percentage points between 2017 and 2021. 

Close to one in three Europeans (31%) think that 
immigration is more a problem than an opportunity 

  Close  to  one  in  three  (31%)  Europeans  think  that 
immigration is more a problem than an opportunity, but 
this varies significantly by country, and represents a drop 
of 7 percentage points compared to 2017.  

  Compared  to  2017,  in  2021  Europeans  are  slightly  more 
inclined to see immigration from outside the EU as more 
of  an  opportunity  (22%,  +2),  and  more  likely  to  say  that 
immigration 
represents  both  a  problem  and  an 
opportunity (38%, +7).  

  Respondents are most likely to see immigration as more of 
an  opportunity  in  Ireland  (41%),  Luxembourg  (39%),  and 
Sweden (31%). Respondents are least likely to think this in 
Greece (3%), Latvia (7%), as well as Slovakia, Bulgaria, and 
Lithuania (9% all). 

  In  five  EU  Member  States,  more  than  half  of  the 
respondents think that immigration is more of a problem, 
notably in Cyprus (61%), Lithuania and Greece (both 60%), 
Latvia (56%), and Malta (51%).  

  The tendency to view immigration as a problem increases 
with age. While less than one in five (18%) of those aged 
15 to 24 have this view of immigration, close to four in ten 
(38%) of those aged 55 or more hold this view. Conversely, 
close  to  a  third  (32%)  of  the  youngest  respondents  see 

 Close to four in ten of Europeans (38%) say they are well 
informed about immigration and integration, which is 
the case in most countries 

  Between 2017 and 2021, the results for this question hardly 
changed. Respondents are slightly more likely to say they 
are well informed (38%, +1 percentage point), and slightly 
less likely to indicate that they don’t know (0%, -2). 

  A majority of Europeans (56%) obtain their information on 
immigration  and 
integration-related  matters  through 
traditional mass media such as newspapers, television, and 
radio.  Just  over  one  in  ten  (15%)  say  they  get  this  from 
social media and networks , followed by observations on 
what  is  going  on  in  my  local  area  and  discussions  with 
family and trusted friends (both 10%). 

Over a third of Europeans (36%) think that there are 
more immigrants who are staying legally than illegally 

  More  than  three  in  ten  (36%)  of  respondents  think  that 
there  are  more  immigrants  who  are  staying  legally,  a 
decrease from 2017 by 3 percentage points. 

  A majority (57%) of respondents think there are at least as 
many  illegally  staying  immigrants  as  there  are  legally 
staying immigrants, a substantial increase (+10) from 2017. 
One in three respondents (33%) think there are more non-
EU nationals who are staying illegally than legally in the EU, 
a slight increase (+4) from 2017.  

Europeans tend to largely overestimate the number of 
non-EU immigrants as a proportion of the population of 
their country (68%) 

  On average, around seven in ten (68%, +18) of Europeans 
tend to overestimate the proportion of immigrants in their 
countries. Close to a fifth (19%, -2) correctly estimate the 
range of immigrants to be between 0% and 6% (compared 
to the EU average of 5,1%) 7. 13% say they don’t know (-
16). 

  Respondents  with  higher  levels  of  education  (23%)  and 
those who answered that they never have problems paying 
their bills (21%) tend to give a more accurate estimate of 
the proportion of immigrants in their country than those 
who have lower levels of education and those who often 
have problems paying their bills.  

A majority of Europeans (64%) feel comfortable with all 
social categories of immigrants, and four in ten 
respondents interact with them on a weekly basis 

  A  majority  (64%)  of  Europeans  feel  comfortable  with 
immigrants, which represents an increase of 7 percentage 
points  from  2017.  Three  in  ten  (30%,  -4)  say  they  would 
feel uncomfortable with at least one category. 

  In  six  countries,  more  than  eight  in  ten  respondents  feel 
comfortable having social relations with immigrants of any 
of  the  types  explored  in  this  study,  most  notably  in 

7https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/index.php?title=Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics  

8 

 
 
 
 
 
  More  than  a  third  of  the  respondents  (35%)  think  that 
integration  should  be  placed  higher  on  the  political 
agenda.   

  Three quarters of Europeans (75%) say that it is important 
that  measures  to  fight  the  effects  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic  take  into  account  the  integration  needs  of 
immigrants.  

A majority of Europeans (70%) view integration as a two-
way process, with equal responsibility for both 
immigrants and the host society 

  Seven  in  ten  Europeans  view  integration  as  a  two-way 
process  in  which  both  host  society  and  immigrants  are 
responsible.  This  number  has  hardly  changed  (+1)  since 
2017. A minority (10%) say that the host society is largely 
responsible for the integration of immigrants (+2). 

  A  substantial  majority  of  Europeans  agree  that  many 
different  factors  play  a  vital  role  in  the  integration  of 
immigrants into their host country, first and foremost the 
immigrants  themselves 
institutions 
(79%), and the national (76%) and local (75%) government.  

(83%),  education 

immigration as an opportunity, compared with less than a 
fifth (18%) of the oldest cohort. 

Close to six in ten (58%) Europeans agree that 
integration of immigrants has been a success in their 
local area, city or country, but this figure varies widely 
between countries 

  Respondents  are  most  likely  to  agree  on  the  successful 
integration  of  immigrants  in  Ireland  (86%),  Luxembourg 
and Spain (both 76%), and Denmark (75%), and least likely 
to do so in Hungary and Bulgaria (both 40%), and Latvia 
(42%). 

  Overall, only a minority of Europeans think that there has 
been an improvement in the situation of immigrants. For 
instance, only a minority of Europeans (39%) think that the 
education  outcomes  of  children  of  immigrants  have 
improved. The same can be said of the education levels of 
adult immigrants with long-term residence have improved. 
Europeans are least likely (26%) to think that the poverty 
rate among immigrants has improved.  

Europeans consider it important for successful 
integration that immigrants speak the country's 
language (85%). Both difficulties finding a job and 
discrimination are seen as hampering integration (69% 
and 67%). A comparable proportion (69%) think actively 
promoting integration is a necessary investment in the 
future 

  A large majority of Europeans think it is important for their 
integration  that  immigrants  speak  the  language  of  the 
country  they  move  to  (85%),  that  they  contribute  to  its 
welfare system by paying taxes, and are committed to the 
values and norms of society (both 78%). 

  More  than  three  third  of  respondents  think  that  the 
immigrants  could  be  hampered  by 
integration  of 
difficulties  finding  a  job  (69%),  immigrants’  own  limited 
efforts to integrate, and discrimination (both 67%).  

Europeans have different views on whether their 
governments are doing enough to actively promote the 
integration of immigrants (53%) 

  A  majority of Europeans (69%) say that actively promoting 
the integration of immigrants is a necessary investment in 
the  long-run  for  their  country.  Compared  to  2017,  the 
proportion of respondents who agree with the statement 
remained  stable  with  a  slightly  decrease  in  the  “totally 
agree” (27%, -2). 

  Just over half of Europeans (53%) agree that their national 
government  is  doing  enough  to  actively  promote  the 
integration  of  immigrants  into  society,  a  slight  increase 
(+2) from 2017. 

  A  majority  of  Europeans  (53%)  think  that  integration  is 
currently a high priority but not the top priority for their 
government.

9 

 
 
 
 
 
I. GENERAL PERCEPTION AND 
ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS 
AND THEIR INTEGRATION  

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

The  first  chapter  of  this  report  examines  the  attitudes  of 
respondents to immigration and immigrants, asking a variety 
of  questions  regarding  their  –positive  ,  negative  or  neutral– 
immigration  and 
perception  of  phenomena  related  to 
integration,  their  personal  experience  of  contact  with 
immigrants, the extent to which they feel well informed about 
related  matters,  the  number  of  immigrants  they  think  are 
residing in their country, and whether most are residing legally 
or illegally in their country.  

1.  Self-assessed levels of information 
about immigration and integration 
matters 

Close to four in ten of Europeans say they are well 
informed about immigration and integration 

Respondents were asked to what extent they think that they 
are well informed or not about immigration and integration-
related matters 8. They provided the following answers:  

  Close to four in ten (38%) of those polled say that they are 
well informed about immigration and integration-related 
matters, with close to a third (34%) saying they are fairly 
well  informed,  and  only  4%  saying  they  are  very  well 
informed. 

  Close to two thirds (62%) of respondents say they are not 
well  informed,  with  nearly  half  of  them  (49%)  indicating 
they are not very well informed, while 13% say they are not 
at all informed about these matters.  

Comparing these results to those obtained in 2017 9, there are 
slightly  more  (+1)  respondents  indicating  that  they  are  well 
informed about the topic, and a slightly higher proportion (+1) 
saying  they  are  not  well  informed.  Also,  a  slightly  lower 
proportion of respondents (-2 ) indicate that they don’t know, 
with a similar shift (-2 ) among respondents who are not at all 
informed.  

A  national  analysis  reveals  that  in  23  of  the  27  Member 
States, less than half of those surveyed say that they are well 
informed about immigration and integration related matters.  

Notably Sweden (69%) and Denmark (68%) stand out with a 
high proportion of the population indicating that they are well 
informed  about  these  issues,  followed  by  the  Netherlands 
(54%) and Germany (52%). 

Respondents  are  least  likely  to  indicate  that  they  are  well 
informed about immigration and integration related matters 
in Bulgaria (16%), Romania (20%) and Portugal (23%).  

Compared  to  2017,  overall,  no  great  changes  can  be  noted. 
Sweden  and  Denmark  still  stand  out,  with  relatively  high 
proportions  of  respondents  who  say  that  they  are  well 
informed about immigration and integration-related matters. 
Respondents  are  increasingly  likely  to  indicate  being  well 
informed in Cyprus (40%, +12 percentage points), Spain (35% 
+9),  and  Ireland  (43%,  +8).  Compared  to  2017,  the  greatest 
decreases  are  seen  in  Slovenia  (28%,  -14),  Greece  (25%,  -6), 
and Denmark (68%, -5). 

8 QB4. Overall, to what extent do you think that you are well informed or not 
about immigration and integration related matters? Very well informed. Fairly 
well informed. Not at all informed. Don’t know.  

9  https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/what-do-people-
europe-think-about-migrants-special-eurobarometer-survey_en  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

The socio-demographic analysis throughout the report will 
look  among  other  things  at  respondents’  profiles  at  the  EU 
level in terms of age, education, occupation, difficulties to pay 
bills, and will comment on significant differences wherever this 
is applicable. 

There  are  some  socio-demographic  differences 
in  the 
proportions  of  those  who  feel  they  are  well  informed  about 
immigration and integration-related matters. 

  Across the EU, men are significantly more likely (42%) to 
say that they are well-informed than women (34%).  

  Respondents  belonging  to  the  40-54  and  25-39  age 
bracket are just slightly more inclined to think that they are 
well-informed about immigration and integration-related 
matters  (41%  and  39%  respectively)  versus  respondents 
aged 15-24 and 55 and up (both 35%).  

  The  proportion  of  those  considering  themselves  well 
informed about these matters rises with level of education. 
Close  to  a  quarter  (24%)  of  those  who  finished  their 
education  at  or  before  the  age  of  15  give  this  response, 
compared  with  nearly  half  (49%)  of  those  who  finished 
their education at the age of 20 or older. 

  Among  socio-professional  groups,  managers  are  most 
likely to report being aware of these issues, with just over 
half  (51%)  of  respondents  in  this  group  considering 
themselves  well  informed,  compared  with  just  over  a 
quarter (27%) of house persons. 

  Those who have difficulties paying bills most of the time 
(32%) are less likely to consider themselves well informed 
than  those  who  almost  never  encounter  this  problem 
(41%). 

  Respondents who consider themselves as belonging to the 
upper class are much more likely (55%) to think they are 
well informed than those of the working class (27%).  

  Respondents who frequently talk about European political 
matters are almost three times as likely as those who never 
do to say they are well informed about this topic (64% vs 
23%).  

QB4

Overall, to what extent do you think that you are well informed or not 
about immigration and integration related matters? 
(% - EU)

'

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

i

l
l

e
w

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

62

57
66

65
60
58
64

75
66
51
64

58
49
59
63
73
66
66
64

67
70
59

72
66
58
50
45

36
59
77

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

1
0

0
1
1
1

1
0
0
0

0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0

1
0
0

1
1
0
0
0

0
1
0

'

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

I

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l

e
W

'

l

a
t
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38

42
34

35
39
41
35

24
34
49
36

42
51
41
36
27
33
34
36

32
30
41

27
33
42
50
55

64
40
23

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Talk about European political matters

Frequently
Occasionally
Never

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

A majority of Europeans obtain their information 
on immigration and integration-related matters 
through traditional mass media such as 
newspapers, television, and radio.  

When  asked  how  they  obtain  relevant  information  on 
immigration  and  integration  related  matters10,  respondents 
provided the following answers:  

  More than half (56%) of those polled say that they obtain 
their information on immigration and integration related 
traditional  mass  media  such  as 
matters 
newspapers,  television,  and  radio,  while  15%  saying  they 
get this from social media and networks. 

through 

  One in ten respondents say they obtain such information 
from discussions with family and trusted friends, with the 
same  proportion  referring  to  observations  on  what  is 
going  on  in  their  local  area,  and  7%  discussions  with 
colleagues and acquaintances. 

Respondents are most likely to indicate that they obtain their 
information on this topic from social media and networks in 
Malta (31%), Cyprus (29%), and Slovakia, Croatia and Greece 
(24% all). They are least likely to do so in Portugal (4%), Italy 
(8%), and the Netherlands (9%).  

Notable differences also crop up with regards to discussions 
with  family  and  trusted  friends,  with  a  higher  likelihood  of 
those  polled  indicating  this  as  a  source  of  information  on 
immigration and integration related matters in Greece (19%), 
Hungary  (18%),  and  Austria,  Poland,  and  Romania  (14%  all), 
versus only 3% of those polled in Latvia and the Netherlands, 
4% in Finland and Sweden, and 6% in Estonia and Denmark.  

At the national level, respondents are most likely to indicate 
obtaining  their  information  on  immigration  and  integration 
related matters through traditional media in the Netherlands 
(79%), Finland and Denmark (both 76%), and Sweden (75%). 
In 11 EU Member States less than half of respondents obtain 
this  information  from  traditional  media,  most  notably  in 
Greece (34%), Malta (41%), and Cyprus (43%).  

10 Overall, to what extent do you think that you are well informed or not about 
immigration and integration related matters? Newspapers/TV/radio (traditional 
mass  media  –  local  or  national),  Social  media  and  networks,  Discussions  with 

family  and  trusted  friends,  Discussions  with  colleagues  and  acquaintances, 
Observations  on  what  is  going  on  in  my  local  area,  Other  (SPONTANEOUS), 
Don't know  

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

QB5

How do you predominantly/mainly obtain the relevant information on 
immigration and integration related matters?
(%-EU27)

)
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
n
r
o

l

a
c
o

l

–

i

a
d
e
m

s
s
a
m

l

i

a
n
o
i
t
i
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a
r
t
(
o
d
a
r
/
V
T
/
s
r
e
p
a
p
s
w
e
N

EU27

NL
DK
FI
SE
LT
LV
BG
EE
FR
BE
DE
IT
PT
ES
CZ
LU
HR
SI
RO
HU
PL
IE
SK
CY
AT
MT
EL

56

79
76
76
75
70
63
62
60
60
58
58
58
56
54
53
50
49
49
48
47
47
46
44
43
43
41
34

s
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10

3
6
4
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7
6
7
8
9
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10
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10
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14
18
14
12
11
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14
9
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s
k
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a

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S

15

9
11
11
11
20
23
11
16
15
16
18
8
4
15
20
22
24
17
12
18
15
23
24
29
18
31
24

a
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10

5
3
5
3
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7
8
7
10
11
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14
20
12
11
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9
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9
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13
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1st MOST FREQUENTLY MENTIONED ITEM

2nd MOST FREQUENTLY MENTIONED ITEM

3rd MOST FREQUENTLY MENTIONED ITEM

)
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14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

QB5

How do you predominantly/mainly obtain the relevant 
information on immigration and integration related 
matters? 
(% - EU)

i

a
d
e
m

s
s
a
m

l

i

a
n
o
i
t
i
d
a
r
t
(
o
d
a
r
/
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T
/
s
r
e
p
a
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s
w
e
N

)
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
n
r
o

l

a
c
o

l

–

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Image of the EU

Total 'Positive'
Neutral

Total 'Negative'

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

56

32
45
57
69

65
55
61
33

58
59
53
49
59
44
71
33

43
47
61

55
52
56
66
73

61
54

47

55
57

s
k
r
o
w
t
e
n
d
n
a

i

a
d
e
m

l

a
i
c
o
S

15

35
22
13
6

4
15
15
34

14
14
16
17
13
21
5
34

12
16
14

12
15
16
12
7

14
14

17

16
14

The  socio-demographic  analysis  shows  no  difference 
between men and women as regards the likely source of their 
information on immigration and integration-related matters. 
However: 

  Older  respondents,  particularly  those  aged  55  and  over, 
are  much  more  likely  to  source  their  information  on  this 
topic from traditional media like newspapers, TV, and radio 
(69%)  than  younger  ones,  particularly  those  aged  15-24 
(32%). The inverse is true with regards to social media and 
networks, which are substantially more likely to be used for 
this  purpose  by  the  youngest  group  than  those  aged  55 
and up (35% vs 6%).  

  While there is no big difference between those who went 
to school past the age of 20 and those who finished their 
education  aged  15  in  terms  of  their  use  of  traditional 
media (61% vs 65%), respondents with a higher education 
use social media for this purpose much more than those 
who only enjoyed a primary education (15% vs 4%).  

  Among  socio-professional categories,  pensioners  are  the 
most  likely  to  obtain  information  on  this  subject  from 
traditional media (71%), followed by managers and house 
persons (both 59%), the self-employed (58%), other white-
collar  workers 
the 
unemployed (44%) and students (33%).  

(53%),  manual  workers 

(49%), 

  Respondents who identify as belonging to the upper class 
are  the  most  likely  to  indicate  getting  their  information 
from traditional media (73%), whereas those belonging to 
the middle class are the most likely to do so from social 
media (16%).  

  Among those who were interviewed those who never have 
trouble paying their bills are only slightly more likely to get 
their  info  from  social  media  than  those  often  struggle 
financially (14% vs 12%), but much more likely to consult 
traditional media (61% vs 43%).  

  Respondents  who  have  a  positive  image  of  the  EU  are 
more likely (61%) to consult traditional media than those 
who hold a negative view of the EU (47%), while the latter 
are slightly more likely (17%) to get their news on this topic 
from  social  media  and  networks  than  those  who  have  a 
positive view of the EU (14%).  

  Respondents  who  say  they  are  not  well-informed  about 
immigration  and  integration-related  matters  are  slightly 
more likely (57%) to get their info from traditional media 
than  those who are well-informed (55%), while  the latter 
are  slightly  more  likely  (16%)  to  obtain  this  information 
through  social  media  and  networks  than  those  who  feel 
not well informed (14%).  

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

2.  Perception and knowledge about 

the order of magnitude of 
immigration across the EU 
countries  

2.1  Knowledge  about  the  proportion  of  immigrants 
across the EU countries  

Respondents across the EU tend to overestimate the 
proportion of immigrants in their countries in some 
cases significantly while around three in ten do not 
know 

Respondents  were  asked  to  what  extent  they  know  the 
proportion  of  immigrants  in  the  total  population  of  their 
country 11.  We  compared  these  estimates  with  the  actual 
proportions of immigrants in their countries.  

  Over one in ten (13%) respondents do not feel confident 
enough  to  estimate  the  proportion  of  their  country’s 
population consisting of immigrants 12.  

  Close  to  a  fifth  (19%)  suggest  that  immigrants  represent 
between  0%  and  6%  of  their  country’s  total  population, 
while  close  to  one  in  four  (24%)  estimate  it  as  being 
between 6% and 12%, three in ten (30%) between 12% and 
25%, while 14% think it is higher than 25%.  

  This  compares  to  the  real  share  of  immigrants  in  the 
population which averages around 5% in the EU but with 
significant  variation  across  EU  Member  States13.  By  this 
measure, on average across the EU, close to seven in ten 
(68%)  overestimate  the  real  share  of  immigrants  in  the 
population, while close to one in five (19%) correctly guess 
the  range  (between  0%  and  6%)  of  the  proportion  of 
immigrants in their countries. 

A country-level analysis shows significant differences among 
EU Member States. Among those who were interviewed, more 
than  four  in  ten  estimated  the  proportion  of  immigrants  in 
their  country  correctly;  in  Lithuania  (46%),  Romania  and 
Hungary  (both  44%),  and  Denmark  (43%).  They  were  least 
likely  to give a correct estimation in Spain (14%),  Latvia  and 
Estonia (both 16%) and Austria (17%). 

Respondents  are  likely  to  significantly  underestimate  the 
proportion  of  immigrants  in  their  country  in  Estonia  (61%), 
Latvia (60%), Croatia (48%), and Sweden (51%). In 12 Member 
States,  at  least  half  of  the  respondents  overestimate  the 
proportion  of  immigrants  in  their  country14,  chiefly  Austria 
(69%),  Belgium  (66%),  and  Czechia  (62%).  Respondents  are 
least likely to overestimate this in Estonia and Sweden (both 
7%) and Malta (17%).  

A  quarter  or  more  of  respondents  indicate  that  they  don’t 
know how to answer this question in Portugal (40%), Bulgaria 
(37%), Spain (27%) and Romania (25%), followed by Slovakia 
(21%),  and  Malta  and  Estonia  (both  16%).  Respondents  are 
least  likely  to  say  this  in  the  Netherlands,  Denmark  and 
Sweden (2% all), Czechia and Belgium (both 3%), and Slovenia 
(4%).  

11    Q3  To  your  knowledge,  what  is  the  proportion  of  immigrants  in  the  total 
population in (OUR COUNTRY)? 0% to less than 3%, 3% to less than 6%, 6% to 
less than 9%, 9% to less than 12%, 12% to less than 15%, 15% to less than 20%, 
20%  to  less  than  25%,  25%  to  less  than  35%,  35%  to  less  than  50%,  50%  or 
higher. 
12  Respondents  were  asked  to  estimate  the  share  of  immigrants  (defined  as 
"born  outside  the  EU")  in  their  country’s  population.  This  estimation  was 
therefore  based  solely  on  their  perception  of  what  an  immigrant  is  in  their 

country, without necessarily considering the definition used in this survey, and 
was  given  without  any  indication  of  what  this  proportion  is  in  reality  in  their 
country or in the EU.  
13 
explained/index.php?title=Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics  
14  Combining  the  proportion  of  respondents  estimating  the  proportion  of 
immigrants  as  making  up  between  12%  and  25%  or  more  of  their  country’s 
population. 

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-

16 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

For  the  socio-demographic  analysis,  we  will  look  at  the 
respondents who correctly estimate (between 0% and 6%) the 
EU average percentage (5,1%) of non-EU immigrants who are 
present across the EU. 

  Male respondents are on average more likely to correctly 
estimate  the  percentage  of  non-EU  immigrants  than 
female respondents (22% vs 16%).  

  Respondents  who  enjoyed  a  higher  education  are  more 
likely (23%) to provide a correct estimation than those who 
only enjoyed a primary education (10%).  

  Managers  and  the  self-employed  are  more  likely  (both 
23%)  to  give  an  accurate  assessment,  while  this  is  much 
less  the  case  among  pensioners  (19%),  manual  workers 
(18%), the unemployed (15%) and house persons (11%).  

  Respondents’  financial  situation  plays  a  significant  role, 
with  those  who  never  have  difficulties  paying  bills 
significantly  more  likely  (21%)  to  correctly  estimate  the 
percentage  of  non-EU  immigrants  in  their  country  than 
those who always face financial hardship (11%). 

  Social  class  plays  a  considerable  role  as  well.  More  than 
one in three (35%) respondents who consider themselves 
as belonging  to the upper class offer an accurate estimate, 
while  less  than  one  in  five  (16%)  of  those  who  identify 
themselves as working class think this way. 

  Respondents who hold a positive versus a negative view of 
the EU are more likely (21% vs 14%) to accurately appraise 
the percentage of non-EU immigrants. 

  Interestingly,  those  who  feel 

  well-informed  about 
immigration  and  integration-related  matters  are  only 
slightly more likely to offer an accurate estimation on this 
topic  than  those  who  are  not  well-informed  about  these 
matters (20% vs 18%). 

  Respondents  who  less  frequently  have  interactions  with 
immigrants are more likely to give a correct assessment on 
this  topic  than  those  who  have  daily  interactions  with 
immigrants (22% vs 11%).  

QB3

To your knowledge, what is the proportion of
COUNTRY)? 
(% - EU)

immigrants in the total population in (OUR

%
6

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

o
t

%
0
m
o
r
F

19

22
16

10
19
23
17

23
23
20
18
11
15
19
17

11
14
21

16
18
19
27
35

21
17

14

20
18

11

15

22

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Image of the EU

Total 'Positive'
Neutral

Total 'Negative'

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

%
2
1

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

o
t

%
6
m
o
r
F

24

26
22

19
24
28
22

28
29
28
23
17
17
24
22

18
22
26

20
23
26
30
30

27
21

23

27
22

20

27

25

%
5
2

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

o
t

%
2
1
m
o
r
F

30

30
31

29
30
31
32

30
32
32
32
29
34
28
32

33
34
29

28
31
32
28
28

30
31

32

33
29

39

35

27

e
r
o
m

r
o
%
5
2

14

11
16

17
14
10
19

10
10
11
15
22
21
11
19

20
17
12

15
16
13
9
6

10
16

19

14
14

20

15

11

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

13

11
15

25
13
8
10

9
6
9
12
21
13
18
10

18
13
12

21
12
10
6
1

12
15

12

6
17

10

8

15

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Respondents  were  asked  about  how  they  perceived  the 
order  of  magnitude  of  immigration  across  the  EU.  They 
were  asked  whether  they  thought  that  there  were  more 
immigrants who were staying legally, or staying illegally in 
their  country 15.  Subsequently,  based  on  a  definition  of 
immigrants (i.e. persons born outside of the EU)16 provided 
to respondents, they were asked to estimate the proportion 
of immigrants in the total population of their country17. 

2.2 Overall perception of the relative proportion of 
immigrants staying legally or illegally across the EU 
countries 

A majority of respondents think there are at least 
as many illegally staying immigrants as there are 
legally staying immigrants 

When  asked  about  how  they  perceived  the  magnitude  of 
immigration  across  the  EU,  respondents  provided  the 
following answers: 

  Just over one in three (36%) respondents say that there are 
more  immigrants  who  are  staying  legally  than  staying 
illegally  in  their  country,  while  one  in  three  think  the 
opposite  is  true.  About  a  quarter  (24%)  say  that  the 
number of immigrants staying legally is about the same as 
the number staying illegally.  

  A  small  minority  (2%)  of  respondents  say  that  it  is  not 
possible to tell whether immigrants are staying legally or 
illegally, while 5% do not know. 

  In  contrast,  available  data  from  Eurostat  show  that 
significantly smaller proportions of immigrants are staying 
illegally than legally in the EU. According to available data, 
during  2020,  557.455  third-country  nationals  were  found 
to be illegally present in the EU18, while 23 million third-
country  nationals  were  legally  residing  in  the  EU  on  1st 
January 202019 

  Compared  to  201720,  a  slight  decrease  (36%,  -3)  can  be 
noted  in  the  proportion  of  respondents  who  think  that 
there  are  more  immigrants  who  are  staying  legally  than 
illegally in their country. A more substantial increase (57%, 
+10) can be observed among those who think that there 
are at least as many immigrants staying illegally as legally 
staying immigrants, along with an uptick (24%, +6) among 
respondents  who  say  that  the  number  of  immigrants 
staying  legally  is  about  the  same  as  the  number  staying 
illegally.  

  Overall, more than half of respondents (57%) indicate that 
there are at least as many immigrants staying illegally as 
there are legally staying immigrants 

.  

15 QB1. Generally speaking, would you say that they are more immigrants who 
are staying legally or staying illegally in (OUR COUNTRY)? ONE ANSWER ONLY 
There are more immigrants who are staying legally, There are more immigrants 
who are staying illegally, There is about the same number of legally and illegally 
staying immigrants, You cannot tell whether immigrants are staying legally or 
illegally (SPONTANEOUS), Don’t know. 
16 In this survey, immigrants are defined as people born outside the European 
Union, who have moved away from their country of birth and are at the moment 
staying legally in an EU country. 

17  QB3.  To  your  knowledge,  what  is  the proportion  of  immigrants  in  the  total 
population in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
18http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=migr_eipre&lang=
en 
19https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-
european-way-life/statistics-migration-europe_en 
20 This question has been modified into a split question compared to 2017. That 
is why the evolutions registered for this question compared to previous surveys 
need to be analysed with caution. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

In most countries, the proportion of respondents who cannot 
tell  whether  immigrants  are  staying  legally  or  illegally  is 
negligible, except in Romania (11%), Estonia (7%) and Bulgaria 
(6%). 

In  most  Member  States  the  proportion  of  respondents  who 
think there are more immigrants staying legally has remained 
fairly  constant,  for  instance  in  Sweden  (83%,  -1),  Romania 
(21%, -1) and Portugal (31%, -1). However, a sharp drop can 
be  noted  in  Cyprus  (15%,  -20),  Luxembourg  (51%,  -15),  and 
Lithuania (37%, -9), and a substantial increase in Czechia (50%, 
+14),  Poland  (38%,  +10),  as  well  as    Latvia  (58%,  +5)  and 
Estonia (54%, +5). 

Among  those  polled,  the  proportion  of  those  who  say  that 
there  are  more  immigrants  staying  illegally  than  there  are 
immigrants staying legally has also remained fairly constant in 
most Member States, except in Poland (29%, -7), Finland (7%, 
-6)  and  Czechia  (25%,  -4),  with  sharp  increases  observed  in 
Lithuania (35%, +20), Cyprus (57%, +19), Slovenia (26%, +11), 
Croatia (34%, +10), Greece (68%, +10) and Hungary (35%, +9).   

A  look  at  country-specific  patterns  reveals  significant 
variations. In ten Member States, at least half of respondents 
think there are more immigrants staying legally, most notably 
in  Sweden  and  Denmark  (both  83%),  Finland  (77%),  and  the 
Netherlands (66%). Respondents are least likely to think that 
the proportion of immigrants staying legally in their country is 
larger  than  the  proportion  of  illegally  staying  immigrants  in 
Greece (13%), Cyprus (15%), and Italy (17%).  

In  Greece,  more  than  two  thirds  (68%)  of  respondents  think 
that there are more immigrants staying illegally than there are 
immigrants  staying  legally,  as  do  over  half  (57%)  of  those 
polled in Cyprus and 54% in Italy.  

Other countries with high proportions of respondents thinking 
there  are  more  immigrants  staying  illegally  than  legally  are 
situated either along the Mediterranean coast, such as Spain 
(41%),  Malta  (36%),  and  France  (35%),  or  near  the  Eastern 
border  of  the  EU  like  Bulgaria  (36%),  Hungary  (35%),  and 
Lithuania (35%). The lowest proportions of people who think 
this way are found in the Nordic countries such as Denmark 
(3%), Sweden (5%) and Finland (7%). 

Respondents are most likely to think that legally and illegally 
staying immigrants can be found in roughly equal proportions 
in France (29%), Poland (28%), and Romania and Croatia (both 
27%). Least likely to think this way are those who were polled 
in Sweden (7%), Finland and the Netherlands (both 13%), and 
Lithuania (18%).  

19 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

For  the  socio-demographic  analysis,  we  will  focus  on  the 
proportions  of  respondents  who  say  that  there  are  more 
immigrants  who  are  staying  legally  than  illegally  in  their 
country. 

  Men  are  more  likely  (40%)  to  think  that  there  are  more 
immigrants  who  are  staying  legally  than  illegally  in  their 
country than women (33%).  

  There is consensus on this question among all age groups 
with  the  exception  of  the  oldest  respondents:  close  to  a 
third (31%) of respondents aged 55 or over say there are 
more  legally  than  illegally  staying  immigrants,  compared 
with four in ten in all other age groups. 

  There  is  a  strong  association  between  the  level  of 
education and the perception of proportions of legally and 
illegally staying immigrants. Those who enjoyed a higher 
education are more than twice as likely as those who left 
school aged 15 or under to give this answer (46% vs 20%). 

  Managers  stand  out  among  socio-professional  groups, 
with more than half (51%) believing there are more legally 
than  illegally  staying  immigrants  in  their  country.  In  all 
other categories, the proportion of respondents who think 
there are more legally than illegally staying immigrants in 
their  country  is  significantly  lower,  particularly  among 
house persons (22%) and the unemployed (26%). 

  Respondents  who  never  have  difficulties  paying  bills  are 
significantly  more  likely  (43%)  to  think  there  are  more 
legally  residing  immigrants  in their  country  compared  to 
those who are staying illegally than those who always face 
financial hardship (19%). 

  Feeling of belonging to a social class plays a considerable 
role.  Six  in  ten  of  those  respondents  pertaining  to  the 
upper class think that there are more immigrants who are 
staying legally while just over a quarter (28%) of those who 
identify themselves as working class think this way. 

  Respondents who use the Internet every day are twice as 
likely than those who never do to think that there are more 
immigrants who are staying legally than illegally (40% vs 
20%).  

  Respondents who place themselves on the left side of the 
political  scale  are  more  likely  to  say  that  there  are  more 
immigrants staying legally than illegally than those on the 
right (47% vs 32%).  

  The  same  is  true  for  those  who  hold  a  positive  versus  a 

negative view of the EU (46% vs 25%).  

  Those  who  consider  themselves  well-informed  about 
immigration and integration-related matters are also more 
likely  to  think  that  there  are  more  immigrants  staying 
legally than illegally in the EU than those who are not well-
informed about these matters (45% vs 31%).  

QB1

Generally speaking, would you say that there are more immigrants who are staying legally or 
illegally in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
(% - EU)

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

y
l
l

a
g
e

l
l
i

d
n
a

y
l
l

a
g
e

l

f
o
r
e
b
m
u
n

e
m
a
s

e
h
t

t
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b
a

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r
a

e
r
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T

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

24

22
25

22
25
24
24

27
25
22
18

26
20
23
26
27
25
23
18

22
28
22

24
27
23
18
19

23
29
26

23
26
22

20
27

26

21
25

y
l
l

a
g
e

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l
i

r
o

y
l
l

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e

l

g
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t
n
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t

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a
c

u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

2

2
2

1
1
1
3

4
2
1
1

1
1
2
2
2
1
4
1

3
2
2

3
2
2
1
0

1
3
5

2
2
1

2
2

2

1
3

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

5
6

6
4
5
7

8
5
5
6

4
3
3
5
4
8
8
6

8
5
5

8
4
5
4
0

5
6
10

5
5
4

5
6

4

3
7

y
l
l

a
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e

l
l
i

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n
i
y
a
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e
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a
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h
w
s
t
n
a
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r
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m
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r
a

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33

31
34

31
30
30
35

41
37
26
27

30
25
32
33
45
40
35
27

48
42
28

37
36
32
21
21

31
39
39

23
32
41

27
36

43

30
34

y
l
l

a
g
e

l

g
n
i
y
a
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s

e
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a
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h
w
s
t
n
a
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a

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36

40
33

40
40
40
31

20
31
46
48

39
51
40
34
22
26
30
48

19
23
43

28
31
38
56
60

40
23
20

47
35
32

46
29

25

45
31

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Image of the EU

Total 'Positive'
Neutral

Total 'Negative'

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

3.  Personal experiences and 

attitudes towards immigrants 

3.1 Opportunities to interact with immigrants 

At the EU level, four in ten (40%) respondents 
interact with immigrants at least weekly, although 
this varies by country 

Respondents were asked about their personal experiences and 
attitudes  towards  immigrants.  More  concretely,  they  were 
asked how often they interact with immigrants on a personal 
level in different contexts 21.  

  Close to one fifth of respondents say they interact socially 
with immigrants on a daily basis (18%), while just above a 
fifth of respondents indicate they interact at least once a 
week (22%).  

  Close to one in five (18%) indicate doing this at least once 
a month, while almost a third (31%) say this happens less 
often  or  never.  Close  to  one  in  ten  (9%)  respondents 
indicate  interacting  with  immigrants  on  a  social  level  at 
least once a year.  

  On  average,  four  out  of  ten  of  those  polled  indicate 
interacting at least on a weekly basis with immigrants, be 
it  having  a  conversation  or  engaging  in  an  activity 
together. 

The  country-level  analysis  indicates  notable  differences 
across different Member States. 

In  five  countries,  at  least  half  of  those  polled  indicate 
interacting  socially  with  immigrants  at  least  once  a  week, 
notably in Spain (64%), Sweden (62%) and Ireland (60%). Least 
likely to do so are respondents in Bulgaria and Romania (both 
4%), Lithuania (8%), and Latvia (12%).  

In  most  countries,  only  a  minority  of  respondents  interacts 
with  immigrants  on  a  daily  basis.  However,  this  varies 
significantly  by  country.  In  12  countries,  at  least  one  in  five 
respondents indicate interacting socially on a daily basis with 
immigrants,  most  notably  in  Spain  (35%),  Ireland  (32%)  and 
Sweden (29%). Respondents are least likely to do so on a daily 
basis in Romania and Bulgaria (both 1%), Lithuania (2%), Latvia 
and Hungary (both 3%), and Slovakia and Croatia (both 5%). 

in  a  given  country  and  the 

There seems to be an association between the proportion of 
likelihood  of 
immigrants 
respondents interacting with them on a daily basis, however 
with some exceptions. In Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania less 
than 5% interact daily with immigrants, while in each of these 
countries  immigrants  amount  to  no  more  than  3%  of  the 
population22.  In  Croatia,  which  has  a  non-EU  immigrant 
population  of  11%,  only  5%  of  respondents 
indicate 
interacting with them on a daily basis. In Luxembourg, with a 
residents,  21%  of 
similar  proportion  of  non-EU-born 
respondents  say  that  they  have  social  interactions  with 
immigrants  on  a  daily  basis.  In  Sweden,  with  a  non-EU 
immigrant  population  of  14%,  29%  of  respondents  indicate 
the same.  

Respondents in Spain, where non-EU immigrant population is 
11%, are very likely (35%) to interact socially on a daily basis 
with immigrants. Those polled in Ireland are almost as likely 
(32%)  to  do  so,  despite  the  country  having  a  non-EU 
immigrant population of only 5%.  

Compared  to  2017,  the  questionnaire  has  been  strongly 
modified,  making  it  impossible  to  compare  the  figures  with 
those of the current report.  

21  QB6.  On  average,  how  often  do  you  interact  socially  with  immigrants? 
Interaction can mean anything from having a few minutes conversation to doing 

an activity together. Daily, At least once a week, At least once a month, At least 
once a year, Less often or never, Not applicable, Don’t know. 
22 Source: Eurostat, migr_pop3ctb (Last update: 18/11/2021) 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

The socio-demographic analysis shows the following: 

  Men are slightly more likely to say they have at least weekly 

social interactions with immigrants (43% vs 37%). 

  More than half (53%) of those aged 15-24 interact weekly 
with  immigrants.  Those  aged  55  and  up  are  least  likely 
(31%) to do so.  

  Respondents  who  attained  a  higher  education  level  are 
more  likely  to  have  weekly  social  interactions  with 
immigrants than those who received a primary education 
(45% vs 32%).  

  Half  of  the  managers  (50%)  say  they  interact  with 
immigrants on a social level;  more likely than those  who 
are self-employed (43%), manual workers (42%), and much 
more than pensioners (26%). 

  Those who live in large towns are more likely (49%) to say 
they  interact  with  immigrants  at  least  on  a  weekly  basis 
than respondents living in small or mid-sized towns (40%), 
and those in rural areas (31%). 

  Respondents who identify themselves as belonging to the 
upper class are significantly more likely to say they interact 
weekly with immigrants on a social level than those who 
belong to the lower middle class (52% vs 36%).  

  Those who see themselves as politically left-wing are more 
likely than those who place themselves on the right-wing 
to say they have weekly contact with immigrants (47% vs 
34%).   

  Close to half (49%) of those who feel well-informed about 
immigration  and  issues  related  to  integration  say  they 
interact with immigrants on a weekly basis versus only 34% 
of those who are not well-informed.  

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

QB6

On average, how often do you interact socially with immigrants? Interaction can mean anything from having a few minutes 
conversation to doing an activity together. 
(% - EU)

)
S
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O
E
N
A
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(

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1

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1
1
1
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1

0
1

1
1
1
1

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0
0

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0

1
1
1

1
1
1
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1
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0
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'

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W

'

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a
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40

43
37

53
46
43
31

32
35
45
56

43
50
41
42
36
41
26
56

43
39
40

37
36
42
40
52

31
40
49

47
37
34

49
34

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Subjective urbanisation

Rural village
Small/ mid size town
Large town

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

r
e
v
e
n
r
o

n
e
t
f
o
s
s
e
L

31

28
35

22
24
27
40

43
37
24
19

27
19
28
30
40
32
44
19

33
31
31

41
33
28
20
18

39
31
25

24
33
35

20
39

r
a
e
y

a

e
c
n
o
t
s
a
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l

t
A

9

9
8

7
8
9
9

8
8
10
7

8
9
8
9
8
9
10
7

6
8
9

7
9
9
12
7

10
9
7

8
9
10

9
8

h
t
n
o
m
a

e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

18

19
18

16
20
19
18

15
18
20
17

21
21
21
17
16
17
18
17

16
20
18

13
20
19
27
23

18
19
18

20
19
19

22
17

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

3.2 Levels of comfort to interact with 
immigrantsacross various social categories 

The majority of Europeans feel comfortable with all 
listed ways of interactions with immigrants, but 
this varies widely across countries 

For  the  following  analysis,  respondents  were  asked  to  say 
whether they feel comfortable or uncomfortable having social 
relations  with  immigrants  at  various  levels,  such  as  friends, 
work  colleagues,  doctors,  family  members,  neighbours  or 
managers. 

First, we will examine responses for each of the specific types 
of  social  relations  explored23  and  then  we  will  look  at  the 
extent to which respondents feel comfortable in having social 
relations  with  immigrants  in  general 24.  Finally,  we  compare 
these  figures  to  the  previous  Special  Eurobarometer    survey 
that was conducted in 2017.  

A  majority  of  respondents  say  they  would  feel  comfortable 
having  social  relations  with  immigrants  of  any  of  the  types 
explored. 

  Over eight in ten (82%) would feel comfortable having an 
immigrant as a friend, an increase of 1% since 2017, with 
half  (50%,  +2)  feeling  totally  comfortable  with  this  and 
close to a third (32%, -1) feeling somewhat comfortable.  

  Respondents are equally comfortable having an immigrant 
as  a  work  colleague,  with  81%  feeling  comfortable,  up 
from  78%  in  2017,  close  to  half  (48%,  +4)  totally 
comfortable,  and  one  in  three  (33%,  -1)  somewhat 
comfortable.  Slightly  more  than  one  in  ten  (12%,  -2) 
indicate  feeling  uncomfortable  with  this,  with  8%  feeling 
somewhat uncomfortable and 4% totally uncomfortable. 

  The same goes for having an immigrant as a neighbour. 
Eight in ten (80%, +2) feel comfortable with this, close to 
half  (47%,  +4)  totally  comfortable,  and  one  in  three 
somewhat comfortable (33%, -2).  

  As a  doctor: 78% (+2) feel comfortable, 46% (+3) totally 

comfortable and 32% (-1) somewhat comfortable.  

  Slightly  fewer,  but  still  a  high  number  of  respondents 
would  be  comfortable  having  an  immigrant  as  a  family 
member,  with  close  to  three  quarters  (74%,  +4)  feeling 
comfortable, almost half (44%, +4) totally comfortable and 
close to a third (30%) somewhat comfortable –unchanged 
compared to 2017.  

  As  a  manager:  close  to  three  quarters  (73%,  +5)  feel 
comfortable,  43%  (+5)  totally  comfortable  and  30% 
somewhat comfortable – unchanged compared to 2017. 

Overall, it appears that between 2017 and 2021, on average 
across  the  EU,  respondents  have  become  noticeably  more 
comfortable interacting with immigrants across various social 
categories.  

  Across the EU, close to two thirds (64%) of respondents say 
that they would feel comfortable having any type of social 
relations  with  immigrants  -  among  all  types  of  social 
relations explored, while nine in ten feel comfortable with 
at  least  one  category.    Compared  to  2017,  a  significant 
increase  (64%,  +7)  can  be  noted  in  the  proportion  of 
respondents  who  say  that  they  would  feel  comfortable 
having any type of social relations with immigrants, with a 
slight  increase  seen  in  the  proportion  of  respondents 
indicating  that  they  feel  comfortable  with  at  least  one 
category (90%, +2). 

  Three  in  ten  say  they  would  feel  uncomfortable  with  at 
least  one  category.  Over  one  in  ten  (13%)  would  feel 
uncomfortable  with  one  or  two  of  the  types  of  social 
relations  explored  in  this  survey,  while  just  below  a  fifth 
(18%) would feel uncomfortable with at least three types 
of social relations. 

  Close to one in ten (8%) indicate that they don’t know in 

at least one social category.  

  Between  2017  and  2021,  respondents  have  become  less 
likely to indicate that they feel uncomfortable with at least 
one category (34%, -4) and slightly less likely to say they 
feel  uncomfortable  with  one  or  two  types  of  social 
relations (13%, -2). 

23 QB7.1-6 Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an 
immigrant  as  your...  Manager,  Work  colleague,  Neighbour,  Doctor,  Family 
Member, Friend. 
24  QB7.  Would  you  personally  feel  comfortable  or  uncomfortable  having  an 
immigrant  as  your...  Feels  uncomfortable  with  all  the  social  categories,  Feels 

uncomfortable with at least one social category, Feels uncomfortable with only 
one  or  two  social  categories,  Feels  uncomfortable  with  three  or  more  social 
categories, Does not know in at least one social category. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

In 16 countries, at least eight in ten of the respondents would 
feel  comfortable  having  an  immigrant  as  a  friend,  most 
notably in Sweden (98%), Ireland and the Netherlands (both 
96%), and Denmark (94%).  

Hungary stands out as the only Member State where less than 
half (43%) of the respondents are comfortable about having 
an  immigrant  as  a  friend,  followed  by  Bulgaria  (58%),  and 
Romania (60%). 

The proportions of respondents who feel comfortable having 
social  relations  with  immigrants  as  a  friend  increased 
noticeably  in  Bulgaria  (58%,  +14  percentage  points),  and 
Czechia and Malta (both 81%, +11), and Hungary (43%, +10), 
and decreased in Lithuania (74%, -7), Romania (60%, -4) and 
slightly in Austria (69%, -1), Spain (93%, -1) and Germany (83%, 
-1).  

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

The  proportions  are  very  similar  regarding  the  question  of 
whether  respondents  would  feel  comfortable  having  an 
immigrant as a work colleague.  

In  Sweden,  Portugal,  and  the  Netherlands  (96%  all),  Ireland 
(94%),  Luxembourg  and  Denmark  (both  93%),  the  vast 
majority of respondents would feel comfortable. Respondents 
are less likely to do so in Bulgaria (57%) and Hungary (41%), 
with only around one in four and one in ten (23% and 11%, 
respectively) indicating they would feel totally comfortable. 

respondents  who  would 

Hungary (51%) and Romania (31%) stand out with particularly 
high  proportions  of 
feel 
uncomfortable having an immigrant as a work colleague. In 
all other countries, no more than three in ten would feel this 
way, while in 10 of the 27 Member States, this figure is lower 
than one in ten of those polled. 

The  proportions  among  those  polled  who  feel  comfortable 
having social relations with immigrants as a work colleague 
increased  since  2017,  most  noticeably  in  Bulgaria  (57%,  +14 
percentage points), Italy (78%, +13), and Czechia (79%, +10), 
and decreased in Lithuania (72%, -11), Estonia (64%, -7), and 
Romania (59%, -4).  

The  same  pattern  is  repeated  with  regards  to  having  an 
immigrant as a neighbour, with a very similar distribution of 
countries.  

In eight countries, at least nine in ten of those polled would 
feel comfortable having an immigrant as a neighbour, most 
notably in Ireland and Portugal (both 97%), Sweden (96%), and 
the Netherlands (95%). Hungary stands out as the only country 
in  which  only  a  minority  (38%)  of  respondents  would  feel 
comfortable in this situation. 

In most countries, less than a third of respondents would feel 
uncomfortable  having  an  immigrant  as  a  neighbour.  In 
feel 
Hungary,  over  half 
uncomfortable in this situation.  

(55%)  of  respondents  would 

The  proportions  among  those  polled  who  feel  comfortable 
with immigrants as a neighbour increased noticeably in Italy 
(80%,  +12),  Bulgaria  (52%,  +11),  and  Malta  (75%,  +9),  and 
decreased significantly in Lithuania (70%, -11), Latvia (-64%, -
7), and Romania (56%, -6). 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

In six countries, more than nine in ten respondents would feel 
comfortable  having  an  immigrant  as  their  doctor,  most 
notably in Ireland (97%), the Netherlands (94%), and Sweden 
(93%).  Hungary  stands  out  as the  only  Member  State  where 
less than half (42%) think this way. 

Just  over  half  (51%)  of  those  polled  in  Hungary  would  be 
uncomfortable having an immigrant as a doctor, followed by 
over  a  third  of  respondents  in  Romania  (36%)  and  Bulgaria 
(32%).  The  lowest  proportions  being  found  in  Ireland  (3%), 
Spain (4%), and the Netherlands (5%). 

With  regards  to  the  proportions  of  respondents  feeling 
comfortable with immigrants as a doctor compared to 2017, 
similar  shifts  have  occurred  as  with  the  other  categories; 
increases in Bulgaria (53%, +15), Malta (71%, +14), and Italy 
(70%, +12) and a decrease in Lithuania (66%, -9), Cyprus (65%, 
-8), and Austria (61%, -6). 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

The  same  pattern  is  observed  with  regards  to  having  an 
immigrant as a family member (including partner).  

In  ten  countries,  more  than  three  quarters  of  respondents 
indicate feeling comfortable with this situation, most notably 
in Portugal (95%), the Netherlands and Ireland (both 94%), and 
Sweden  (91%).  In  three  countries,  less  than  half  of  the 
respondents  feel  comfortable  with  this  situation:  Hungary 
(34%), Bulgaria (37%), and Cyprus (45%). 

Hungary  is  the  only  country  where  more  than  half  (57%)  of 
those  polled  say  they  would  feel  uncomfortable  having  an 
immigrant as a family member/partner, followed by Cyprus 
(47%), Bulgaria (42%) and Latvia (40%).  

feel  comfortable  with 

Between 2017 and 2021, the proportions among respondents 
who 
immigrants  as  a  family 
member/partner  has  increased  in  Bulgaria  (37%,  +14), 
Greece  (58%,  +13),  and  Czechia  (60%,  +12)  and  decreased 
significantly in Lithuania (60%,  -7) and Cyprus (45%,  -7), but 
nowhere else. 

28 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

In almost all countries, at least half of the respondents would 
feel comfortable to some extent with having an immigrant as 
their manager. The exceptions are Hungary, where only 36% 
give this response, and Bulgaria, where over four in ten (43%) 
do so.  

Hungary (55%), Latvia (45%), and Bulgaria (41%) stand out for 
their high proportions of respondents who would feel overall 
uncomfortable  having  an  immigrant  as  their  manager. 
Respondents  are  least  likely  to  feel  this  way  in  Ireland  and 
Portugal (both 4%), Spain, the Netherlands, and Sweden (5% 
all), and Luxembourg (9%).  

Among different EU countries, the proportions of respondents 
who would feel comfortable with immigrants as a  manager, 
the  most  notable  increases  were  registered  in  Malta  (75%, 
+22), Bulgaria (43%, +18), and Italy (67%, +15) and Slovakia 
(67%, +15), with only a slight drop seen in Romania (50%, -4) 
and Estonia (53%, -4).  

29 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

In  six  countries,  more  than  eight 

Overall,  among  the  different  EU  Member  States,  significant 
variations  exist  in  terms  of  having  social  relationships  with 
immigrants. 
in  ten 
respondents  feel  comfortable  having  social  relations  with 
immigrants  of  any  of  the  types  explored  in  this  study,  most 
notably in Portugal and Ireland (both 89%), Spain (88%), and 
the  Netherlands  (85%).  Conversely,  Hungary  (24%),  Bulgaria 
(29%),  and  Romania  (35%)  stand  out  with  the  lowest 
proportions of respondents who would feel comfortable with 
immigrants. 

increases  can  be  noted 

Sharp 
in  the  proportions  of 
respondents who feel comfortable having social relations with 
immigrants of any of the types explored in this study, in Italy 
(55%,  +14),  Slovakia  (55%,  +14),  Bulgaria  (29%,  +14),  and 
Czechia  (45%,  +14),  Malta  (52%,  +13),  Poland  (54%,  +13), 
Greece (50%, +13), and Portugal (89%, +11) and Luxembourg 
(83%,  +11).  The  only  three  countries  where  an  appreciable 
drop occurred in the proportions of respondents who would 
feel  comfortable  with  immigrants,  are  Cyprus  (36%,  -7), 
Lithuania (45%, -5), and Romania (35%, -4).  

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

  Overall,  more  than  three  quarters  (76%)  of  respondents 
who place themselves on the left side of the political scale 
say they feel comfortable with all the social categories of 
immigrants versus less than half (48%) of those who place 
themselves on the right scale. More than eight in ten (84%) 
of  those  placing  themselves  on  the 
left  side  are 
comfortable having an immigrant as a family member as 
opposed  to  just  over  six  in  ten  (61%)  of  those  placing 
themselves on the right scale. 

  Respondents  who  have  a  positive  image  of  the  EU  are 
more likely to feel comfortable with immigrants of all social 
categories than those who hold a negative opinion of the 
EU (74% vs 45%). 

  Seven in ten of those who say that are well informed about 
are 
immigration 
comfortable with immigrants of all social categories versus 
only six in ten of those who feel not well informed about 
these issues. 

integration-related  matters 

and 

For the socio-demographic breakdown, we will look at the 
proportion  of  respondents  who  are  comfortable  in  each  of 
these situations. 

  There is a clear relationship between age and the extent to 
which  respondents  feel  comfortable  with  immigrants  in 
various social relations, albeit mostly evident in the case of 
respondents aged 55 or more. For example, close to two 
thirds  (64%)  of  those  aged  55  or  more  feel  comfortable 
with  having  an  immigrant  as  their  manager,  compared 
with  85%  of  those  aged  between  15  and  24  and  78%  of 
those aged 25 to 39, while 76% of those aged 40 to 54 give 
the same response.  

  Education levels also play a consistent role, with those who 
finished  their  education  at  or  before  the  age  of  15  less 
likely  to  feel  comfortable  than  those  who  finished  their 
education  at  or  after  the  age  of  20.  For  example,  while 
nearly  nine  in  ten  (89%)  of  those  with  higher  levels  of 
education  feel  comfortable  with  having  an  immigrant  as 
their friend, close to three quarters (74%) of respondents 
who  received  a  primary  education  give  this  response.  In 
each  case,  the  extent  of  the  difference  between  these 
groups  is  similar.  Overall,  over  two  thirds  (72%)  of  those 
with  higher  levels  of  education  feel  comfortable  with 
immigrants in each of these circumstances, with only half 
(50%)  of  those  who  went  to  school  until  the  age  of  15 
sharing this view. 

  Among different socio-professional categories, managers 
and students are most likely (both 90%) to be comfortable 
having an immigrant as a work colleague. Those who are 
retired are least likely (72%) to say this.  

  Those who almost never or never have difficulties paying 
bills  are  more  likely  to  feel  comfortable  than  those  who 
have difficulties paying bills most of the time, or at least 
some of the time. For example, over eight in ten (83%) of 
those who never have difficulties paying bills say that they 
immigrant  as  a 
would  be  comfortable  having  an 
neighbour,  compared  with  just  over  two  thirds  (71%)  of 
those who have difficulties paying bills. 

  Respondents who consider themselves as belonging to the 
upper  middle  class  are  slightly  more  likely  (88%)  to  be 
accepting  of  an  immigrant  as  their  doctor,  than  those 
belonging  to  the  middle  class  (81%),  upper  class  (78%), 
working class (74%), or lower middle class (73%).

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

QB7

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your… 
(Total 'Comfortable' % - EU)

d
n
e
i
r
F

82

90
86
85
78

74
79
89
92

85
91
84
81
78
84
78
92

75
76
86

78
78
85
90
82

90
83
73

91
79

66

87
81

e
u
g
a
e

l
l

o
c

k
r
o
W

81

89
85
85
74

69
78
88
90

85
90
85
82
73
82
72
90

72
75
84

75
76
83
89
85

89
82
71

89
77

66

85
79

r
u
o
b
h
g
e
N

i

80

90
82
82
76

73
76
86
92

83
88
81
77
77
79
75
92

71
73
83

76
76
83
89
81

88
80
69

89
77

62

84
78

r
o
t
c
o
D

78

87
79
80
74

70
74
84
90

80
86
78
76
74
76
74
90

69
70
82

74
73
81
88
78

86
79
68

87
75

61

84
75

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Image of the EU

Total 'Positive'
Neutral

Total 'Negative'

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

)
r
e
n
t
r
a
p
g
n
d
u
l
c
n
i
(

i

r
e
b
m
e
m
y
l
i

m
a
F

74

84
78
76
67

61
69
81
87

75
83
76
71
70
76
66
87

65
66
77

68
68
76
84
76

84
74
61

83
69

55

80
71

r
e
g
a
n
a
M

73

85
78
76
64

60
68
80
87

74
84
75
72
68
74
62
87

62
66
76

67
66
75
82
80

83
73
60

82
67

54

79
69

32 

l

a
i
c
o
s

e
h
t

l
l

a

h
t
i

l

w
e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

s
e
i
r
o
g
e
t
a
c

s
l

e
e
F

64

78
69
67
55

50
58
72
82

67
75
66
61
58
66
53
82

53
55
67

60
56
66
74
66

76
63
48

74
57

45

70
60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

4.  Personal ties with immigrants 

Respondents were asked about their own ties with immigrants. 
Firstly,  they  were  asked  whether  they  have  friends  or  family 
members (or both) who are immigrants currently living in their 
country 25.  

4.1 Personal ties with immigrants 

A majority of Europeans have either friends or 
family members who are immigrants  

  More  than  four  in  ten  (42%)  have  friends  who  are 
immigrants. Close to one in ten (9%) of those polled have 
an immigrant as a family member, while just over one in 
ten (11%) have both friends and family members who are 
immigrants currently living in their country.  

  Compared  to  2017,  a  larger  proportion  (+15)  indicate 
having  friends  who  are  immigrants,  while  slightly  more 
(+5)  say  they  have  an  immigrant  as  a  family  member.  A 
slightly larger proportion of respondents (+2) indicate that 
they  have  both  friends  and  family  members  who  are 
immigrants.  

  Overall, more than half (51%) of EU citizens say that they 
have either friends or family members who are immigrants 
currently residing in  their country,  while just over a  third 
(37%) do not.  

to 

regards 

respondents’  personal 

  Between 2017 and 2021 a significant increase can be noted 
with 
ties  with 
immigrants,  notably  in  terms  of  those  who  say  that  they 
have  friends  or  family  members  who  are  immigrants 
currently  residing  in  their  country  (+20),  alongside  a  big 
drop (-22) among those who do not. 

25 QB8. Please tell  me  which of the  following statements best applies to you? 
ONE  ANSWER  ONLY  You  have  friends  who  are  immigrants  currently  living  in 
(OUR COUNTRY), You have family members who are immigrants currently living 

in  (OUR  COUNTRY),  You  have  both  friends  and  family  members  who  are 
immigrants currently living in (OUR COUNTRY), None, Don’t know. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

At the country level, some notable differences appear.  

The highest proportion of respondents who have immigrants 
as friends are found in Ireland (59%), Sweden (58%), and Italy 
and Finland (both 57%). In eleven countries, at least half of the 
respondents gave this answer. In six countries, less than a third 
gave  this  answer.  Respondents  are  least  likely  to  say  this  in 
Romania (13%), Lithuania (14%), and Bulgaria (21%).  

In  21  out  of  27  EU  Member  States,  less  than  one  in  ten 
respondents  indicate  having  family  members  who  are 
immigrants  currently 
in  their  country,  with  the 
exception of Romania (17%), Poland and Belgium (both 15%), 
Luxembourg (13%), Austria (12%), and Italy (10%). 

living 

As well as having the highest proportion of respondents who 
have  immigrants  as  friends,  Sweden  also  has  one  of  the 
highest  proportion  of  respondents  with  both  immigrant 
friends  and  immigrant  family  members  (21%).  Only 
Luxembourg  (24%)  has  more.  However,  in  14  of  the  27 
Member States, less than one in ten of those polled gives this 
response, with the lowest proportions found in Bulgaria and 
Malta  (both  3%),  Finland,  Hungary,  Cyprus,  Estonia,  and 
Greece (5% all), and Czechia (6%).  

In seven Member States, at least half of the respondents say 
that  they  have  neither  friends  nor  family  who  are 
immigrants currently living in their country, most notably in 
Lithuania 
(61%). 
Respondents are least likely to indicate that they do not have 
friends  or  family  who  are  immigrants  in  Sweden  (15%), 
Belgium (17%), and Ireland (18%). 

(70%),  and  Romania 

(76%),  Bulgaria 

Between  2017  and  2021,  all  EU  Member  States  register  a 
noticeable uptick in the proportion of respondents who have 
friends who are immigrants living in the country. The highest 
increase is seen in Latvia (55%, +42), Czechia (54%, +36), Malta 
(54%, +34) and Italy (57%, +30).  

With regards to respondents who have family members who 
are  immigrants  living  in  the  country,  all  countries  see  an 
increase  except  Slovenia  (4%,  -2).  The  highest  risers  are 
Romania (17%, +16), Luxembourg (13%, +7), Italy (10%, +7), 
Belgium (15%, +7) and Austria (12%, +6). 

The proportion among those polled who say they have neither 
friends  nor  family  who  are  immigrants  living  in  the  country 
drops  sharply  in  most  countries,  chiefly:  Latvia  (31%,  -48 
percentage points), Italy (24%, -41), and Malta (35%, -38), and 
to a lesser extent in others, like Cyprus (56%, -4) and Lithuania 
(76%, -5).  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Those  who  have  daily  interactions  with  immigrants  are, 
perhaps logically, also more likely (59%) to have immigrant 
friends  than  those  who  interact  less  frequently  with 
immigrants (32%). 

  Half  of  those  who  believe  that  the  integration  of 
immigrants  in  their  local  area  or  country  has  been 
successful  have  immigrant  friends,  versus  only  41%  of 
those who don’t think integration has been successful.  

For  the  socio-demographic  breakdown,  we  look  at  the 
proportions of those with immigrants as friends given that, as 
the  saying  goes,  one  chooses  one’s  friends  but  not  one’s 
family.  Except  in  the  case  of  partners  or  spouses,  ‘friends’  is 
arguably a better surrogate for a respondent’s overall attitude 
towards immigrants.  

  There is a slight gender difference, with men slightly more 
likely  (45%)  than  women  (40%)  to  have  friends  who  are 
immigrants that are currently living in the country. 

  The likelihood of having immigrant friends decreases with 
age. More than half (51%) of those aged 15 to 24 say that 
they have immigrant friends, compared with just over one 
in three (35%) of those aged 55 or more. 

  The  higher  a  respondent’s  level  of  education,  the  more 
likely they are to have immigrant friends. Less than a third 
(32%) of those who finished their education at or before 
the age of 15 give this response, compared with nearly half 
(49%) of those who finished their education at or after the 
age of 20. 

  Managers are more likely (54%) than respondents of other 
socio-professional  categories  to  have  immigrant  friends; 
significantly  more  than  for  instance  other  white-collar 
workers (47%), manual workers (40%), or pensioners (33%). 

  Economic  status  has  a  noticeable  influence,  with  almost 
half  (44%)  of  those  who  never  face  financial  difficulties 
saying  they  have  friends  who  are  immigrants  versus  just 
over  a  third  (37%)  of  those  who  persistently  struggle 
financially.  

  Those  who  live  in  large  towns  are  more  likely  to  have 
immigrant friends than those who live in rural villages (47% 
vs 37%).  

  Respondents  who  use  the  Internet  every  day  are  almost 
twice  as  likely  to  say  the  same  as  those  who  never  go 
online (46% vs 24%).  

35 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

QB8

Which of the following statements applies best to you? 
(% - EU)

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

e
n
o
N

37

34
39

25
29
32
47

50
41
31
21

30
23
31
37
45
34
50
21

40
35
37

46
37
33
26
29

44
35
30

32
47
59

10

20

50

27
39

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

0

1
0

0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

1
1
0

0
1
0
0
0

1
1
0

0
0
1

0

0

1

0
0

y
l
i

m
a
f

r
o
s
d
n
e
i
r
f

t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

t
s
a
e

l

t
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

51

53
49

60
57
54
43

40
48
57
62

57
64
56
50
43
50
41
62

44
52
52

42
50
55
61
64

45
52
56

55
44
32

67

69

41

60
50

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1
1

0
1
1
1

2
1
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
0

1
1
1

1
1
2

0

0

1

0
1

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
a
o
h
w
s
d
n
e
i
r
f

e
v
a
h

u
o
Y

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

e
r
a
o
h
w
s
r
e
b
m
e
m
y
l
i

m
a
f

e
v
a
h

u
o
Y

R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C

s
r
e
b
m
e
m
y
l
i

m
a
f
d
n
a

s
d
n
e
i
r
f

h
t
o
b

e
v
a
h

u
o
Y

R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
a
o
h
w

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Subjective urbanisation

Rural village
Small/ mid size town
Large town

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

Successful integr. in local area/country

Yes
No

42

45
40

51
48
46
35

32
38
49
54

49
54
47
40
34
42
33
54

37
40
44

35
40
46
52
51

37
43
47

46
33
24

59

59

32

50
41

11

11
11

15
13
12
8

8
10
12
17

11
12
11
12
10
15
7
17

14
11
10

11
11
11
12
7

9
11
13

12
8
6

23

11

7

13
10

9

8
9

9
9
8
8

8
10
8
8

8
10
9
10
9
8
8
8

7
12
8

7
10
9
9
13

8
9
9

9
11
8

8

10

9

10
9

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

4.2  Personal family history 

Respondents  were  asked  questions  about  their  own  family 
history  with  regards  to  whether  they,  their  parents,  or  their 
grandparents were born in their current country of residence 
or immigrated from another country26. 

Over nine in ten of those surveyed were born in the 
country in which the survey was conducted and 
nearly as many say their parents were also born 
there  

  A substantial majority of respondents say they were born 
in the country where the survey was carried out, with over 
nine in ten (92%) giving this response. Only 8% say were 
born in another (EU or non-EU) country. However, it should 
be  noted  that  the  respondents’  answers  don’t  perfectly 
represent  the  diversity  of  society  on  this  question. 
According to the official figures, around 12.2% of the EU 
population were born in another country (EU or non-EU)27. 
This  discrepancy  relates  specifically  to  the  non-EU  born 
group of immigrants: according to the most recent figures 
(2021) 28, around 7.9% of the EU population were not born 
in the EU, compared to only 5% of the respondents of this 
survey.  The  respondent’s  answers  are  somewhat  more 
accurate  when  it  comes  to  the  proportion  of  those 
respondents who were born in another EU country, which 
is 3% according to this survey, similar (but not identical) to 
the proportion in reality (3,9%) 29.

  Just under nine in ten (86%) respondents say that both of 
their  parents  were  born  in  the  country  where  the  survey 
was carried out, with over one in ten (14%) saying at least 
one  parent  was  born  outside  that  country,  more  or  less 
equally divided between those born in another EU country 
(7%), and outside the EU (7%). Eight in ten say that all of 
their grandparents were born in that country, while around 
a fifth (21%) say that at least one grandparent was born in 
another country.  

  Between  2017  and  2021,  the  proportion  of  respondents 
who indicate being born in the country where the survey 
was carried out, has remained the same. Just slightly more 
(8%, +1) were born in another (EU or non-EU) country.  

  The proportion of respondents who say that both of their 
parents  were  born  in  the  country  where  the  survey  was 
carried  out,  and  those  who  say  that  all  of  their 
grandparents  were  born  in  that  country,  has  remained 
static, with slightly more (14%, +1) saying that one parent 
was  born  outside  that  country.  The  proportion  of 
respondents indicating that at least one grandparent was 
born in another country has also stayed the same. 

26 QB18. I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your 
family were born. You were born  in…, Your mother was born in…, Your father 
was  born  in…,  Your  grandmother  on  your  mother’s  side  was  born  in…,  Your 
grandfather  on  your  mother’s  side  was  born  in…,  Your  grandmother  on  your 
father’s side was born in…, Your grandfather on your father’s side was born in… 
ONE  ANSWER  PER  LINE  (OUR  COUNTRY)  or  a  place  that  is  a  part  of  (OUR 
COUNTRY) today; Another country that is today a member of the EU; Another 

37 

https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-

country in Europe, not today a member of the EU; USA, Canada, Japan, Australia 
or New Zealand; Another country outside Europe; Refusal, Don’t know. 
27 
european-way-life/statistics-migration-europe_en  
28 Source: Eurostat. Last updates: 18/11/2021 
29 
european-way-life/statistics-migration-europe_en  

https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

A  national  analysis  shows  that  in  all  but  four  countries,  at 
least  nine  in  ten  of  those  polled  were  born  in  the  country 
where  the  survey  was  carried  out.  Almost  all  respondents 
giving  this  answer  in  Finland  and  Slovakia  (both  98%), 
Hungary,  Greece,  Lithuania,  and  Bulgaria  (97%  all),  and 
Denmark,  Portugal,  and  Romania  (96%  all).  In  Luxembourg, 
only just over half (52%) of respondents indicate being born 
in the country where they were surveyed.  

Logically,  respondents  in  Luxembourg  are  also  the  likeliest 
(48%)  to  indicate  that  they  are  born  outside  of  the  country 
(from another country in the EU and outside the EU), followed 
–with some distance– by Ireland (13%), Germany, and Croatia 
(12%), compared to only 1% of those surveyed in Slovakia, 2% 
in Finland, and 3% in Hungary, Greece, Bulgaria, and Lithuania.  

In  all  but  one  Member  State,  over  three  quarters  of 
respondents  say  having  two  parents  who  were  born  in  the 
country  where  the  survey  was  conducted.  The  outlier  is 
Luxembourg, where just over a third (36%) give this response. 
The highest proportions of those who say that their  parents 
were  born  in  their  country  are  found  in  Bulgaria  (96%), 
Romania,  Finland,  (both  95%),  and  Greece  Hungary,  and 
Slovakia  (all 94%). 

With regards to grandparents, some interesting patterns can 
be discerned. In seven EU Member States, nine in ten or more 
say that all of their grandparents were born in the country. This 
is most notably the case in Romania and Bulgaria (both 93%), 
Portugal (92%), and Spain, Cyprus, Hungary and Finland (90% 
all), contrasting starkly with other countries like Luxembourg 
(24%), Latvia (47%), and Austria (67%) and France (66%).  

Going  into  further  detail,  the  country  with  the  highest 
proportion of respondents who have at least one parent born 
in a country outside the EU is Luxembourg (63%), followed by  
Latvia  (38%)  and  Estonia  (25%).  Countries  with  the  highest 
proportions  of 
least  one 
grandparent born in a country outside the EU are Luxembourg 
(76%) and Latvia (53%). Other countries with at least a third of 
respondents  who  say  at  least  one  grandparent  was  born 
outside  the  EU  are  Estonia  (35%),  Belgium  and  France  (both 
30%). 

respondents  who  have  at 

Between  2017  and  the  2021,  the  proportion  of  respondents 
who say that they were born in the country where the survey 
was  carried  out  has  stayed  the  same  in  eight    out  of  27  EU 
Member  States.  Their  proportion  rose  slightly  in  others,  for 
instance in Cyprus (94%, +4), and Spain (93%, +2), and Ireland 
(87%, +2), and decreased slightly elsewhere, notably in Croatia 
(87%, -5), and Italy (92%, -3) and Latvia (90%, -4). 

 In 19 EU Member States, the proportion of respondents who 
say they were born in another EU country, has either stayed 
the same or decreased slightly between 2017 and 2021, with 
a notable drop registered in Cyprus (6%, -4). In 21 EU Member 
States,  among  those  polled,  the  proportion  of  those  born 
outside  the  EU  stayed  the  same  or  rose  slightly,  notably  in 
Latvia (10%, +4), Italy (8%, +3), and Poland (6%, +3).  

In  19  countries,  the  proportion  of  respondents  who  have  at 
least  one  parent  born  in  another  EU  country  has  stayed  the 

same  or  rose  slightly;  with  a  strong  increase  registered  in 
Latvia (38%, +17), Slovenia (20, +5) decreasing in Luxembourg 
(63%, -3), Denmark (8,-3) and Cyprus (9%, -2). 

The proportion of respondents with at least one grandparent 
born  outside  the  EU  has  stayed  the  same  or  risen  in  19 
countries,  with  a  strong  increase  registered  in  Latvia  (53%, 
+18), Luxembourg (76%, +4), and Malta (14%, +4), and minor 
drops seen in Germany (28%, -3), and Finland (9%, -2).  

In 15 EU Member States, between the previous survey in 2017 
and 2021, the proportion of respondents who say that all of 
their grandparents were born in the country decreased, most 
notably in Latvia (47%, -13), Slovenia (72%, -7), and Italy (88%, 
-5). In 12 countries, these proportions remained the same, or 
increased,  as  can  be  seen  in  Greece  (89%,  +5)  and  Austria 
(67%, +3), and to a much lower degree in the rest.  

QB18.1.1

You’re now going to be asked some questions about where you and 
your family were born.
(%)

y
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EU27

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52
Highest percentage per country
Highest percentage per item
Lowest percentage per country
Lowest percentage per item

SK
FI
BG
EL
LT
HU
DK
PT
RO
CZ
NL
CY
PL
ES
FR
MT
EE
IT
AT
SI
LV
SE
BE
DE
IE
HR
LU

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

country (18% vs 11%), and one grandparent born outside 
the country (24% vs 16%).  

  Respondents who have daily interactions with immigrants 
are  twice  as  likely  to  be  born  outside  the  country  than 
those who have less frequent interactions with immigrants 
(12% vs 6%).  

QB18.1.1

You’re now going to be asked about some questions about where you and your family were born. 
(% - EU)

)
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90
90
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92
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93

93
93
92
91
93

95
91
91

92
89
96

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Subjective urbanisation

Rural village
Small/ mid size town
Large town

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Inform. about immigration and integration
90
94

Well informed
Not well informed

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

88

91

94

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6

The socio-demographic analysis shows that  

  Among different age groups, those who are older than 55 
are  more  likely  to  have  all  of  their  grandparents  born  in 
their  country  (84%),  as  opposed  to  younger  age  groups: 
40-54  (78%),  25-39  (77%),  and  15-24  (73%).  Conversely, 
the youngest respondents are more likely to have at least 
one parent born outside the country than those aged 55 
and up (19% vs 10%). 

  Education has a decisive influence in terms of respondents’ 
geographic mobility in the EU, with higher education levels 
increasing the likelihood of being born, or being born to 
parents  or  grandparents  from  outside  the  country.  For 
instance, respondents who attained higher education are 
more  likely  to  be  born  outside  their  country  than  those 
who went to school until the age of 15 (9% vs 5%). The first 
group is also more likely to have at least one parent born 
outside the country than the second group (16% vs 9%), 
and  to  have  at  least  one  grandparent  born  outside  the 
country (21% vs 11%).  

  Managers  and  manual  workers  are  equally  likely  (both 
10%)  to  be  born  outside  the  country,  but  managers  are 
slightly more likely to have at least one parent born outside 
the  country  (17%  vs  15%),  and  at  least  one  grandparent 
born  outside  the  country  (24%  vs  20%).  Conversely, 
respondents who are retired on the other hand are more 
likely (95%) to be born inside the country than other socio-
professional  categories  like  managers,  manual  workers, 
and house persons (90% all). 

  Among  different  social  classes,  respondents  are  more  or 
less  equally  likely  to  be  born  in  or  outside  the  country, 
although respondents who say they belong to the upper 
middle  class  are  more  likely  than  others  to  have  at  least 
one  parent  or  grandparent  born  outside  the  country.  A 
quarter 
interviewed  who  consider 
themselves  as  belonging  to  the  upper  middle  class  say 
they  have  at  least  one  grandparent  born  outside  the 
country, versus 19% of those pertaining to the middle and 
lower  middle  class,  and  17%  of  the  upper  class  and 
working class. 

(25%)  of 

those 

  Respondents  living  in  cities  are  more  likely  to  either  be 
born outside the country or have parents or grandparents 
who  were  born  outside  the  country  than  those  living  in 
rural  areas.  For  example,  9%  of  respondents  in  cities 
indicate being born outside the country versus 5% in rural 
villages,  while  21%  of  city-dwellers  have  at  least  one 
grandparent who was born outside the country and only 
14% of those living in the countryside. 

  Respondents  who  use  the  Internet  every  day  are  more 
likely to be born inside the country than those who never 
go online (8% vs 3%), and they are twice as likely to have 
at  least  one  grandparent  who  was  born  outside  the 
country (20% vs 10%).  

  Being informed about immigration and integration plays a 
role,  with  those  who  see  themselves  as  well  informed 
about  these  matters  more  likely  to  be  born  outside  the 
country than those who feel not well informed (10% vs 6%), 
more  likely  have  at  least  one  parent  born  outside  the 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

5.  General perceptions about the 

impact of immigrants on the EU 
societies and their integration  

Respondents were asked about their attitudes regarding the 
success  of  the  integration  process30  and  the  impact  of 
immigrants  on  the  economic, cultural  and  social  life  of  their 
country 31. 

5.1 Assessment of the perception of immigration as a 
problem or opportunity  

First,  respondents  were  asked  whether  they  regarded 
immigration  from  outside  the  EU  as  more  of  a  problem  or 
more of an opportunity for their country32. 

Close to one in four Europeans think that 
immigration is equally  a problem and  an 
opportunity  

  Just under four in ten (38%) see it as equally a problem and 
an opportunity, while almost a quarter (22%) see it as more 
of an opportunity.  

  Close  to  one  in  three  (31%)  Europeans  think  that 
immigration  from  outside  the  EU  is  more  of  a  problem 
than an opportunity 

  Less  than  one  in  ten  (8%)  of  those  polled  regard 
immigration as neither a problem nor an opportunity.  

  Compared to 2017, a significant drop (-7) has occurred in 
the proportion of EU citizens who think that immigration 
from  outside  the  EU  is  more  of  a  problem  than  an 
opportunity,  although  this  decrease  coincides  with  a 
similar increase (+7) among those who see it as equally a 
problem and an opportunity.  

  Compared to 2017, in 2021 a slightly higher proportion of 
respondents (+2) see immigration from outside the EU as 
more of an opportunity. No change was registered in the 
proportions of those who regard immigration as neither a 
problem nor an opportunity.  

30 QB2.  Generally  speaking,  do  you  think  immigration  from  outside  the  EU  is 
more  of  a  problem  or  more  of  an  opportunity  for  (OUR  COUNTRY)  today?  Is 
more  of  a  problem,  Is  more  of  an  opportunity,  Is  equally  a  problem  and  an 
opportunity, Is neither a problem nor an opportunity, Don't know 
31  QB9.  Generally  speaking,  how  successful  or  not  is  the  integration  of  most 
immigrants living… In the city or area where you live, In (OUR COUNTRY)? ONE 
ANSWER PER LINE Very successful, Fairly successful, Not very successful, Not at 

all successful, There are no or almost no immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY), Don’t 
know. 
32 QB2.  Generally  speaking,  do  you  think  immigration  from  outside  the  EU  is 
more of a problem or more of an opportunity for (OUR COUNTRY) today? ONE 
ANSWER ONLY Immigration is more of a problem, Immigration is more of an 
opportunity, Immigration is equally a problem and an opportunity, Immigration 
is neither a problem nor an opportunity, Don’t know. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Compared  to  2017,  17  EU  Member  States  see  a  drop  in  the 
proportion  of  those  who  see  immigration  as  more  of  a 
problem than an opportunity, with the sharpest decrease seen 
in  Italy  (26%,  -25),  Hungary  (48%,  -15),  and  Slovakia  (41%,  -
13), and notable increases in Lithuania (60%, +32), Latvia (56%, 
+15), and Sweden (31%, +12).  

In 17 countries, the proportion of those who think immigration 
represents more of an opportunity stayed the same or rose, 
most  notably  in  Italy  (22%,  +16),  Hungary  (22%,  +13)  and 
Croatia (21%, +10), with the sharpest decreases registered in 
Lithuania (9%, -17), Sweden (31%, -14) and Romania (21%, -
10).  

immigration 

In  22  out  of  27  EU  Member  States,  the  proportion  of  those 
who  think 
is  equally  a  problem  and  an 
opportunity  rose  between  2017  and  2021,  with  the  sharpest 
increase  seen  in  Slovakia  (44%,  +16),  Portugal  (47%,  +15), 
Malta (32%, +15), and Italy (43%, +11). 

immigration 

In  22  out  of  27  EU  Member  States,  the  proportion  of  those 
is  neither  a  problem  nor  an 
who  think 
opportunity stayed the same or decreased between 2017 and 
2021, with a notable drop seen in Lithuania (6%,  -10), Latvia 
(6%, -9), and Luxembourg (6%, -7).  

Significant  differences  can  be  noted  across  countries, 
particularly  with  regards  to  the  proportions  of  respondents 
who see respectively immigration as more of a problem or as 
more of an opportunity.  

In five EU Member States, more than half of the respondents 
think that immigration is more of a problem, notably in Cyprus 
(61%),  Lithuania  and  Greece  (both  60%),  Latvia  (56%),  and 
Malta (51%). Respondents are least likely to see immigration 
as more of a problem in Luxembourg and Ireland (both 19%), 
Spain (20%), and Portugal and Romania (both 22%).  

There  are  also  significant  differences  in  the  proportions  of 
those  regarding  immigration  as  more  of  an  opportunity, 
although  in  all  cases  this  is  the  opinion  of  a  minority  of 
respondents.  This  is  the  case  in  only  six  countries,  most 
notably  in  Ireland  (41%),  Luxembourg  (39%),  and  Sweden 
(31%). Respondents are least likely to think this in Greece (3%), 
Latvia (7%), and Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Lithuania (9% all).  

In  seven  countries,  at  least  four  in  ten  respondents  see 
immigration as equally a problem and an opportunity. This is 
particularly  the  case  in  Portugal  (47%),  Finland  (45%),  and 
Slovakia (44%). Close to one in five (18%) of those polled in 
Romania  regard  immigration  as  neither  a  problem  nor  an 
opportunity,  as  do  12%  of  respondents  in  France,  11%  in 
Croatia, and one in ten in Greece, Spain, and Slovenia. Only in 
Bulgaria and Romania, a non-trivial proportion of respondents 
(7% and 5% respectively) indicate that they don’t know.  

In short, immigration consistently remains an important issue 
for  public  opinion  with  a  quarter  (25%)  of  EU  citizens 
considering immigration to be the third most important issue 
facing the EU33, measured in the Standard Eurobarometer of 
Spring 2021, up 5 percentage points from the previous wave. 

33 
https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2532  

Eurobarometer 

Standard 

95, 

Spring 

2021: 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

For the socio-demographic breakdown, we will look mainly 
at  the  proportion  of  respondents  who  think  immigration 
represents  more  of  a  problem  than  an  opportunity,  or 
secondly at those who think it’s more of an opportunity. 

  The tendency to view immigration as a problem increases 
with age. While less than one in five (18%) of those aged 
15 to 24 have this view of immigration, close to four in ten 
(38%) of those aged 55 or more hold this view. Conversely, 
close  to  a  third  (32%)  of  the  youngest  respondents  see 
immigration as an opportunity, compared with less than a 
fifth (18%) of the oldest cohort. 

  Education plays a significant role in this question. Four in 
ten of those who finished their education at the age of 15 
or younger think that immigration is more of a problem, 
compared with less than three in ten (28%) of those who 
finished education aged 20 or older. Close to one in four 
(24%)  of  those  who  enjoyed  a  higher  education  think 
immigration  is  an  opportunity,  compared  with  just  over 
one  in  ten  (16%)  of  those  who  received  a  primary 
education. 

  Students  (35%)  and  managers  (30%)  are  most  likely  to 
think of immigration as an opportunity versus close to one 
in five of house persons and pensioners (both 17%).  

  The level of difficulty in paying bills is clearly linked with 
respondents’  perception  of  immigration.  Respondents 
who have  difficulties paying bills most of the time (41%) 
are significantly more likely to see immigration as more of 
a problem than those who almost never (31%) have such 
problems. 

  Respondents who place themselves on the right side of the 
political  scale  are  more  than  twice  as  likely  to  see 
immigration as more of a problem than those who place 
themselves on the left side (45% vs 20%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

QB2

Generally speaking, do you think immigration from outside the EU is more of a problem or more of 
an opportunity for (OUR COUNTRY) today? 
(% - EU)

l

m
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s
I

31

18
23
32
38

40
35
28
17

29
23
29
31
35
31
40
17

41
29
31

20
30
45

27
34

22

28

35

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

Immigrants family members or friends living in country

At least family or friends
None

25
43

y
t
i
n
u
t
r
o
p
p
o

n
a

f
o

e
r
o
m

s
I

22

32
27
21
18

16
19
24
35

22
30
22
20
17
21
17
35

17
22
23

31
20
16

32
16

29

27

19

26
14

y
t
i
n
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p
p
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d
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a
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p
a

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a
u
q
e

s
I

38

37
39
38
36

34
37
40
38

40
39
41
37
36
37
35
38

34
39
37

40
40
32

35
39

39

39

37

40
33

y
t
i
n
u
t
r
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p
p
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n
a

r
o
n
m
e
b
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r
p
a

l

r
e
h
t
i

e
n

s
I

8

12
10
8
6

7
8
7
9

8
7
7
10
10
10
6
9

7
9
8

8
9
6

6
9

9

6

8

8
8

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1
1
1
2

3
1
1
1

1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1

1
1
1

1
1
1

0
2

1

0

1

1
2

  Respondents  who 

feel 

informed  of 

immigrants  or 
integration-related  matters  are  twice  as  likely  to  see 
immigration as more of an opportunity thon those who are 
uninformed (32% vs 16%).  

  Conversely,  those  who  have  daily 

interactions  with 
immigrants are much less likely to think of immigration as 
a  problem  than  those  who  interact  less  frequently  with 
immigrants (22% vs 35%).  

  More than four in ten (43%) of those polled who have no 
immigrants as family members or friends see immigration 
as more of a problem versus only a quarter of those who 
do have immigrant family members or friends living in the 
country. 

  Respondents who obtain their information on immigration 
and  integration  related  matters  by  social  media  and 
networks  tend  to  consider  more  immigration  as  of  an 
opportunity  than  those  who  use  traditional  mass  media 
(26% vs 20%).  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

5.2  Europeans’  perception  of 
integration of immigrants  

the 

successful 

Half of Europeans agree that integration of 
immigrants is successful in their local area or city 
while a minority of Europeans think that integration 
of immigrants is successful in their country 

Respondents  were  asked  whether  or  not  the  integration  of 
most immigrants living in the city or area, and in their country 
where they live has been successful34.  

  Respondents  are  more  likely  to  agree  that  integration  is 
successful  in  their  city  or  local  area,  with  half  (50%)  of 
those  polled  giving  this  response.  Only  a  small  minority 
(8%) of respondents agree that integration has been very 
successful.  A  similarly  small  proportion  of  respondents 
(8%)  are  of  the  opinion  that  immigration  is  not  at  all 
successful,  with  nearly  three  in  ten  respondents  (28%) 
indicating  that  it’s  not  very  successful.  More  than  one  in 
ten (11%) say that they don’t know. 

  Between 2017 and 2021, an increasing proportion (+3) of 
those polled think the integration of immigrants living the 
city  or  local  area  has  been  successful,  with  slightly  more 
(+1)  thinking  it  has  been  very  successful  and  fairly 
successful (+2). 

  Overall, the proportion of respondents saying integration 
of  immigrants  living  the  city  or  local  area  has  been 
unsuccessful has stayed the same. Slightly more (+1) think 
it has not been very successful, and slightly less (-1) that 
it’s  not  at  all  been  successful.    Compared  to  2017, 
respondents are less likely (-2) to say that there are almost 
no immigrants in their local area or city, or that they don’t 
know (-1).  

  Less than half (42%) of those polled think that integration 
is successful in their country. Only small minority (5%) of 
respondents  agree  that  integration  is  very  successful  in 
their country. 

  Nearly half of the respondents (47%) say that integration 
is not successful, with one in ten considering it not at all 
successful, while 9% say that they don’t know.  

  Between  2017  and  2021,  the  proportion  of  respondents 
who say that integration of immigrants in their country has 
been  successful  increased  slightly  (+3).  This  increase  is 
largely due to a rise (+3) in the proportion of people who 
think  that  integration  has  been  ‘fairly  successful’.  The 
proportion  of  those  who  say  that  integration  is  very 
successful  has  stayed  the  same.  Respondents  are  now 
slightly  less  likely  (-3  pp)  to  say  that  integration  in  their 
country is not successful.  

34 QB9.1. Generally speaking, how successful or not is the integration of most 
immigrants living… In the city or area where you live / In (OUR COUNTRY). 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Among  different  EU  Member  States,  significant  variations 
are observed with regards to  the proportion of respondents 
who agree that integration of immigrants in their city or local 
area has been successful. In Ireland this view is held by eight 
in ten of those polled, followed by Portugal (73%) and Spain 
(69%).  Conversely,  less  than  a  third  (27%)  of  respondents  in 
Bulgaria agree that integration in their local area has been a 
success, with similarly low proportions registered in Lithuania 
(30%) and Hungary (33%). Interestingly, a sizeable minority of 
respondents  in  Bulgaria  (12%)  and  in  Lithuania  (17%)  also 
indicate that there are almost no immigrants in the city or area 
where they live. 

In four countries around half or more of the respondents say 
that  the  integration  of  immigrants  in  the  city  or  area  where 
they live has been unsuccessful: Latvia (61%), Sweden (54%), 
Cyprus and Hungary (both 49%), and Croatia and Greece (both 
47%).  

It  should  be  noted  that  low  levels  of  agreement  do  not 
necessarily correspond with high levels of disagreement, and 
vice-versa. This is particularly the case in Bulgaria, where less 
than  three  in  ten  (27%)  say  that  integration  has  been 
successful,  with  28%  saying  it  has  been  unsuccessful.  This  is 
due to the fact that over one in ten  (12%) of respondents in 
Bulgaria say that there are no or almost no immigrants in their 
country, while a third (33%) say they do not know what to think 
about  this  question.  The  proportion  of  respondents  saying 
they don’t know is also high in Estonia (24%), Slovakia (23%), 
Poland and Romania (both 20%), and France (17%).  

Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of respondents who 
say that the integration of immigrants in their city or local area 
has been successful stayed constant or increased in 23 of 27 
EU  Member  States,  most  notably  in  Malta  (51%,  +14 
percentage  points),  Italy  (49%,  +14),  Greece  (52%,  +6),  and 
Bulgaria (27%, +10). It has decreased in Croatia (40%, -6), and 
to a lesser extent in Slovenia (60%, -1), the Netherlands (50%, 
-1), and Lithuania (30%, -1). 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

With  regards  to  the  question  of  whether  immigrants  have 
been adequately integrated in the respondent’s country, the 
patterns are very similar. As in the case of city and local area, 
over three quarters of respondents in Ireland (79%) agree that 
integration  at  the  country  level  has  been  successful;  one  of 
seven  countries  where  more  than  half  of  the  respondents 
agree with this, chiefly Portugal (73%), Luxembourg (67%), and 
Slovenia (59%). However, in 20 of the 27 Member States less 
than half agree that integration of immigrants in their country 
has been successful, ranging from a quarter of those polled in 
Sweden to nearly half (49%) of respondents in Malta.  

Again, Sweden stands out, with the lowest proportion (25%) 
of  respondents  who  agree  that  integration  of  immigrants  in 
their country has been successful, with nearly three quarters 
(72%) thinking that integration has been unsuccessful.  

The proportion of respondents who say that the integration of 
immigrants  in  their  country  has  been  successful  has  stayed 
constant  or  increased  in  23  of  27  EU  Member  States,  most 
notably in Italy (42%, +15), Estonia (36%, +15), Bulgaria (29%, 
+9), Czechia (54%, +9), and Malta (49%, +8). The proportion 
of  people  thinking  this  has  decreased  in  Austria  (42%,  -5), 
Slovenia (59%, -5), Finland (48%, -4), and Croatia (41%, -4). 

Overall,  respondents  perceive  the  process  of  integration  of 
immigrants as more successful in their city or local area rather 
than in their country ( 50% vs 42%).  

45 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

country  outside  the  EU  are  more  likely  (67%)  to  think 
integration 
someone  whose 
successful 
grandparents were all born inside the EU (57%).  

than 

is 

QB9

Generally speaking, how successful or not is the integration of most
immigrants living.. 
(% - EU)

For the socio-demographic breakdown, we will look at the 
aggregated  results  of  the  respondents  who  think  that 
integration has been successful in the local area or country. 

  A look at  the  gender-results shows that men are slightly 
more likely to say that integration is successful in the local 
area or country than women (60% vs 57%). 

  Respondents aged 55 or more are less likely to agree that 
integration  of  immigrants  has  been  successful,  with  just 
over  half  (53%)  of  respondents  giving  this  answer, 
compared with nearly seven in ten (69%) of those aged 15 
to 24.  

  Education plays a significant role. More than half (52%) of 
those who finished their education at or before the age of 
15  agree  that 
immigrants  has  been 
successful,  compared  to  just  over  six  in  ten  (61%) 
respondents  who  finished  their  education  at  aged  20  or 
older. 

integration  of 

  Across all socio-professional categories around six in ten 
agree that integration of immigrants has been successful, 
except for house persons (56%), pensioners (52%), and on 
the upward end of the scale, students (71%). 

  Those who are more economically vulnerable are less likely 
to think that integration has been successful. Half of those 
who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of  the  time 
think  that  integration  of  immigrants  has  been  a  success, 
compared with six in ten of those who never struggle. 

  Internet use is a good indicator for this question, with more 
than  six  in  ten  (61%)  of  those  who  go  online  every  day 
thinking that immigration has been successful versus less 
than half (47%) among those who never use the Internet. 

  Respondents  who  have  a  positive  image  of  the  EU  are 
more  likely  (67%)  to  think  that  integration  has  been 
successful than those who have a negative view of the EU 
(40%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant 
questions at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Affirming themselves to be well informed or not is a strong 
indicator for this question, with a large majority (65%) of 
those who see themselves as well informed agreeing that 
integration  has  been  successful  in  their  local  area  or 
country versus just over half (54%) among those who are 
not well informed. 

  Respondents who have daily interactions with immigrants 
are  much  more  likely  (67%)  to  say  that  integration  has 
been  successful  than  those  who  have  ‘less  frequent’ 
contact (53%). 

  The same can be said with regards to respondents who are 
comfortable with all social categories of immigrants versus 
those  who  are  uncomfortable  with  at  least  one  category 
(68% vs 41%).  

  Overall, familiarity can be said to be a good indicator for a 
positive  attitude  towards  immigrants.  This  familiarity,  or 
lack  thereof,  extends  to  the  respondent’s  family.  For 
instance, those who have at least one parent from another 

y
r
t
n
u
o
c

r
o
a
e
r
a

l

a
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o

l

e
h
t

n

i

l

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f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

s
i

n
o
i
t
a
r
g
e
t
n

I

58

60
57

69
60
60
53

52
56
61
71

58
62
60
58
56
60
52
71

50
54
60

61
50
47

67
54

40

65
54

67

66

53

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Image of the EU

Total 'Positive'
Neutral

Total 'Negative'

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

d
n
a

a
e
r
a

l

a
c
o

l

e
h
t

n

i

l

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f
s
s
e
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c
u
s

t
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n

s
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t
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g
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t
n

I

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n
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c

w
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n
k

t
'
n
o
D

34

34
34

26
34
34
37

37
35
34
24

36
34
34
36
36
33
36
24

42
39
32

34
41
32

27
37

53

32
36

30

32

37

8

6
9

5
6
6
10

11
9
5
5

6
4
6
6
8
7
12
5

8
7
8

5
9
21

6
9

7

3
10

3

2

10

6
7

4
8

Feelings towards different social categories of immigrants

Comfortable with all
Uncomfortable with at least 1
Respondent origins

At least one parent another country
All grand-parents EU

68
41

67
57

26
52

29
35

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Respondents were asked whether they think that the situation 
of  legal  immigrants  has  improved,  stayed  the  same  or 
worsened  in  their  country  over  the  last  10  years 35.  Different 
aspects of this question were investigated. 

Overall, around 1 in 3 Europeans consider that the 
immigrants’ situation improved over the last 10 
years in their country 

  With regards to the education outcomes of children of 
immigrants,  close  to  one  in  four  (39%)  think  that  they 
have improved over time. Just over one in three (34%) say 
that  they  have  stayed  the  same.  More  than  one  in  ten 
(13%) of those polled say that the education outcomes of 
children  of  immigrants  have  deteriorated,  with  a  very 
similar  proportion  of  respondents  saying  that  they  don’t 
know (14%).   

  Just  over  a  third  (34%)  of  respondents  think  that 
education  levels  of  adult  immigrants  with  long-term 
residence  have  improved  over  time.  A  slightly  higher 
proportion among those polled (40%) are of the opinion 
that  they  have  stayed  the  same.  More  than  one  in  ten 
(13%)  say  that  they  have  deteriorated,  with  the  same 
proportion of respondents saying that they don’t know.

  A third (33%) of respondents think that the likelihood of 
male immigrants to have a job has improved, while close 
to four in ten (39%) think it has stayed the same.  Close to 
a fifth (18%) of those polled say that it has worsened, with 
one in ten indicating that they don’t know how to answer 
this question. 

  With regards to the likelihood of female immigrants to 
have a job, the proportions follow a similar pattern. Close 
to a third (30%) of those polled are of the opinion that the 
likelihood  of  female  immigrants  to  have  a  job  has 
improved,  with  close  to  four  in  ten  (39%)  saying  it  has 
stayed  the  same.  One  in  five  respondents  think  this  has 
worsened,  while just over one in ten (11%) say that they 
don’t know.  

  Just  over  one  in  four  (26%)  of  those  polled  are  of  the 
opinion  that  the  poverty  rate  among  immigrants  has 
improved,  with  close  to  four  in  ten  (39%)  saying  it  has 
stayed the same. More than one in five (22%) respondents 
think  it  has  worsened,  while  a  substantial  minority  (13%) 
say that they don’t know.  

35 QB10.  For  each of the  following aspects, please tell us if you think that the 
situation  of  legal  immigrants  has  improved,  stayed  the  same  or  worsened  in 
(OUR COUNTRY) over the last 10 years? Likelihood of male immigrants to have 

a job. Likelihood of female immigrants to have a job. Education levels of adult 
immigrants  with  long-term  residence.  Education  outcomes  of  children  of 
immigrants. Poverty rate among immigrants.  

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

At the national level, in seven EU Member States a majority 
among  those  polled  are  of  the  opinion  that  education 
outcomes  of  children  of  immigrants  have  improved  over 
time,  most  notably  in  Ireland  (71%),  Greece  (69%),  and 
Denmark  (61%).  Less  than  one  in  four  of  those  polled  think 
that the education outcomes of children of immigrants have 
improved  in  Bulgaria  (16%),  Hungary  (18%),  Slovakia  and 
Latvia (both 22%). 

Among the different EU Member States, respondents are most 
likely  to  think  that  the  education  outcomes  of  children  of 
immigrants  have  stayed  the  same  over  time  in  Latvia  (65%), 
Hungary  (56%),  and  Croatia  (47%),  with  respondents  most 
likely to think that this has worsened in Sweden (34%), France 
(21%), and Austria (19%). 

Here  too,  notable  differences  can  be  observed  among  EU 
Member States where respondents are likely to say that they 
don’t know: Bulgaria (44%), Estonia (36%), and Portugal  (32%), 
and countries where this is least the case: Latvia (2%), Denmark 
and Greece (both 4%), and Belgium and Austria (both 5%).  

In  only  two  EU  Member  States  more  than  half  of  the 
respondents think that education levels of adult immigrants 
with  long-term  residence  have  improved:  a  considerable 
majority in Ireland (66%), and just over half (51%) in Greece. 
Respondents are least likely to say that the education levels of 
adult immigrants with long-term residence have improved in 
Bulgaria (14%), Hungary (16%), and Slovakia (21%). 

Respondents  answering  that  education 
levels  of  adult 
immigrants  with  long-term  residence  have  stayed  the  same 
ranges from 24% in Portugal to 65% in Latvia. They are most 
likely to say that this has worsened in France and Austria (both 
21%),  but  also 
in  Germany,  Slovakia,  and  Sweden,  a 
considerable  proportion  (16%  all)  of  those  polled  think  this 
way. 

Respondents  in  Bulgaria  (43%),  Estonia  (34%),  and  Lithuania 
(28%)  recorded  the  highest  proportions  of  ‘don’t  know’, 
comparing  starkly  to  the  answers  registered  for  instance  in 
Latvia  (2%),  Belgium  and  Greece  (both  4%),  and  Italy  and 
Denmark (both 5%).  

48 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Proportions  of  those  who  think  the  likelihood  of  male 
immigrants  to  have  a  job  has  improved,  stayed  the  same, 
worsened,  or  those  who  say  they  don’t  know,  differs 
considerably among the Member States. In only six countries 
more than half of the respondents think that the likelihood of 
male  immigrants  to  have  a  job  has  improved,  first  and 
foremost  in  Ireland  (65%),  Malta  (64%),  and  Cyprus  (63%). 
Conversely, respondents are least likely to agree with this in 
Bulgaria (17%), France and Hungary (both 20%), and Austria 
and Latvia (both 27%).  

Respondents  answering  that  male  immigrant  job  prospects 
have stayed the same ranges from 21% in Portugal to 61% in 
Latvia.  They  are  most  likely  to  say  that  this  has  worsened  in 
Sweden (32%), France (31%), and Austria (26%). 

In some countries, a considerable proportion of those polled 
say that they don’t know how to answer this question. This is 
the case in Bulgaria (38%), Estonia (22%), and Romania (19%), 
whereas in 16 Member States less than one in ten say this. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

Respondents are most likely to say that they don’t know how 
to answer this question in Bulgaria (39%), Estonia (27%), and 
Romania (19%), while in 12 Member States less than one in ten 
say they don’t know.

Here  too,  notable  differences  appear  among  different 
countries. In only two Member States, more than half of the 
respondents think that the likelihood of female immigrants 
to  have  a  job  has  improved,  namely  in  Ireland  (62%),  and 
Portugal (54%).  Respondents are least likely to think this way 
in Bulgaria (14%), France (16%), and Hungary (17%). 

In three countries, more than  half of those polled think that 
the likelihood of female immigrants to have a job has stayed 
the same: Latvia (64%), and Hungary and Croatia (both 55%). 
They are most likely to say  that the job prospects of female 
immigrants have worsened in France (34%), Sweden (33%), and 
Austria (27%). 

Significant  differences  can  be  noted  between  different  EU 
Member  States  when  assessing  the  poverty  rate  among 
immigrants.  In  only  three  Member  States,  more  than  half  of 
the  respondents  think  that  the  poverty  rate  among 
immigrants  has  improved,  namely  in  Ireland  (58%),  Cyprus 
(55%) and Greece (51%). Respondents are least likely to think 
this way in the Netherlands (12%), Bulgaria (13%), and Sweden 
(15%).  

In five countries, more than half of those polled think that the 
poverty  rate  among  immigrants  has  stayed  the  same:  Latvia 
(68%),  and  Hungary  (54%),  Croatia  and  Finland  (both  52%), 
and  Denmark  (51%).  They  are  most  likely  to  say  that  the 
poverty  rate  among  immigrants  has  worsened  in  Sweden 
(39%), the Netherlands and France (both 36%), and Belgium 
(27%).  

In 18 Member States, at least one in ten say they don’t know. 
Respondents are most likely to say that they don’t know how 
to answer this question in Bulgaria (42%), Estonia (31%), and 
Lithuania (29%). 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

QB10

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if you think that the situation of legal 
immigrants has improved, stayed the same or worsened in (OUR COUNTRY) over the 
last 10 years? 

('Has improved'% - EU)

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EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

39

48
38
40
38

38
36
42
50

41
41
42
36
38
37
37
50

36
34
41
47
56

42
32
29

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

43
37

49

46

35

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42
34
35
31

31
30
36
46

35
38
36
32
30
30
30
46

32
30
35
39
47

35
26
24

37
32

43

38

29

Feelings towards different social categories of immigrants

Comfortable with all
Uncomfortable with at least 1

46
29

Successful integr. in local area/country

Yes
No

51
34

40
24

43
27

33

38
32
34
30

33
31
33
41

35
34
33
32
32
32
29
41

32
32
33
35
46

34
25
25

35
31

39

37

30

36
27

42
25

30

34
30
32
27

29
28
32
35

33
34
32
29
27
28
26
35

28
27
30
35
54

31
22
23

33
28

37

34

27

34
23

38
23

26

30
26
27
25

28
26
25
31

29
26
26
26
27
24
24
31

28
22
26
26
36

27
22
22

28
25

32

30

23

29
23

34
20

The socio-demographic analysis shows the following: 

  Among  the  youngest  cohort,  there  is  more  agreement 
regarding  the  improvement  of  education  outcomes  of 
children  of  immigrants  relative  to  older  respondents. 
Close to half (48%) of the respondents aged 15-24 think 
that  education  outcomes  of  immigrant  children  has 
improved versus 38-40% among the other age groups. 

  Education level has only a minimal influence on questions 
related to education outcomes. For instance, respondents 
who  enjoyed  a  higher  education  are  only  slightly  more 
likely (36%) to say that in the last 10 years the education 
levels  of  adult  immigrants  with  long-term  residence 
have  improved  than  those  who  received  a  primary 
education (31%).   

  Among  different  socio-professional  categories,  students 
(41%) and the self-employed (35%) are more likely to think 
that the likelihood of male immigrants to have a job has 
improved over the past ten years than others, particularly 
manual workers, house persons, the unemployed (32% all), 
and pensioners (29%).  

  Social class has a strong bearing on the question regarding 
the poverty rate among immigrants. More than a third 
(36%) of the respondents saying they belong to the upper 
class  think  that  the  poverty  rate  among  immigrants  has 
improved.  Other  social  classes  are  less  convinced:  the 
working class (28%), the middle class and the upper middle 
class (both 26%), and the lower middle class (22%).   

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Across  the  EU,  those  who  consider  themselves  well 
integration-related 
immigration  and 
informed  about 
matters  are  also  more  likely  (43%)  to  think  that  the 
education  outcomes  of  children  of  immigrants  has 
improved over the past ten years. 

  More than four in ten (43%) of those polled who have daily 
interactions  with  immigrants  think  that  education  levels 
of  adult  immigrants  with  long-term  residence  has 
improved  as  opposed  to  less  than  three  in  ten  (29%)  of 
those who interact less frequently with immigrants.  

  Respondents  who  are  comfortable  with  all  the  different 
social categories of immigrants are more likely (36%) to say 
that the likelihood of male immigrants to have a job has 
improved than those who are uncomfortable with at least 
one social category of immigrants (27%).  

  Those who say that the integration of immigrants in their 
local area or country has been successful are more likely 
(38%)  to  think  that  the 
job  prospects  of  female 
immigrants  has  improved  than  those  who  don’t  believe 
the integration of immigrants has been a success (23%).  

  The  same  is  true  with  regards  to  the  evolution  of  the 

poverty rate among immigrants (34% vs 20%).  

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November – December 2021 

II. EUROPEAN VIEWS ON THE 
CONDITIONS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL 
INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS  

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

This chapter focuses on respondents’ attitudes to integration. 
Firstly,    we  inquired  which  factors  respondents  thought  the 
idea of integration entailed; like speaking the language of the 
immigrant’s adoptive country, paying one’s fair share in taxes, 
or adapting to the local culture and customs. Next, we looked 
into  potential  obstacles  to  integration.  Respondents  were 
asked, based on a list provided by the interviewer, to consider 
whether  some  specific  factors  could  be  major  obstacles  to 
integration or not.  They were also asked to what extent they 
agreed  or  not  with  statements  about  the  importance  of 
fostering  the  integration  of  immigrants  in  their  country  and 
whether  Member  States  are  doing  enough  to  support  the 
integration of immigrants. An additional question was asked, 
specific  to  the  health  situation  of  the  past  two  years: 
respondents  were  asked  to  what  extent  they  think  it  is 
important that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic  in  their  country  take  into  account  the  integration 
needs of immigrants. 

1. European views of the successful
integration of immigrants

Respondents were asked to what extent they think a variety of 
factors  are  important  for  the  successful  integration  of 
immigrants36.  

There is general agreement that each of the proposed factors 
is  important,  but  the  extent  to  which  they  are  considered 
important varies, and the extent to which they are considered 
somewhat  important  or  important  varies  substantially.  The 
question was asked previously in 2017, but heavily modified, 
which prohibited us from making a comparison between the 
figures.  

Among the main mentioned factors contributing to 
the successful integration being able to speak 
country language (85%) and contributing to 
welfare system (78%) ranked as top two 
statements at EU level  

  A large majority (85%) see it as important for integration 
to be successful that immigrants speak the (or one of the) 
official language(s) of the host country. Close to one in 
ten (9%)  respondents consider this somewhat important, 
while only 5% don’t think that this is important. 

  Close  to  eight  in  ten  (78%)  respondents  think  that  for 
integration to be successful it is important that immigrants 
contribute to the welfare system through paying taxes, 
with more than one in ten (12%) thinking this is somewhat 
important. Close to one in ten (8%) say it’s not important. 

  Similarly,  close  to  eight  in  ten  (78%)  say  that  being 
committed to the way of life by accepting the values 

integration  of 

36 QB11. People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated 
into  (NATIONALITY)  society.  How  important  is  each  of  the  following  for  the 
successful 
(OUR  COUNTRY)?  Sharing 
(NATIONALITY)  cultural  traditions,  Feeling  like  a  member  of  (NATIONALITY) 
society,  Being  able  to  speak  (COUNTRY  LANGUAGE)  /  Being  able  to  speak  at 
least one of the official languages of (OUR COUNTRY), Being committed to the 
way  of  life  in  (OUR  COUNTRY)  by  accepting  the  values  and  norms  of  society, 

immigrants 

in 

important  for 
and  norms  of  the  host  society 
integration  to  be  successful,  with  14%  saying  this  is 
somewhat important. and(6%) say it’s not important. 

is 

  Close to eight in ten (77%) think that immigrants should 
have  educational  qualifications  and  skills  that  are 
sufficient to find a job in order for their integration to be 
successful, while more than one in ten (14%) think this is 
somewhat important, and 7% that it’s not important.  

  Just over three quarters (75%) think it’s important to feel 
like  a  member  of  the  society  of  the  host  country  for 
integration to be successful. Over ten percent (16%) think 
it is somewhat important while a small portion (7%) regard 
this factor as unimportant. 

  Two thirds (66%) think it is important for integration to be 
successful  that  immigrants  have  'locals'  as  friends,  i.e. 
who  have  the  nationality  of  the  host  country.  More  than 
one in five (21%) think this is  somewhat important while 
over one in ten (12%) regard it as unimportant. 

  A  majority  (57%)  of  EU  citizens  think  it  is  important  for 
integration to be successful that immigrants acquire the 
citizenship  of  their  host  country.  More  than  one  in  five 
(22%) think this is somewhat important while almost one 
in five (19%) regard it as unimportant. 

  Close to six in ten of those (59%) polled think immigrants 
should  share  their  host  country’s  national  cultural 
traditions for their integration to be successful. More than 
one in five (23%) think this is  somewhat important while 
close to one in five (17%) don’t think this is important. 

  More  than  half  (52%)  of  those  polled  think  immigrants 
should  be  active  in  any  association,  organization  or 
take part in local elections in their host country for their 
integration to be successful. One in four (26%) think this is 
somewhat important while  one in five (20%) don’t think 
this is important. 

Being active in any association, organisation or taking part in local elections in 
(OUR  COUNTRY),  Contributing  to  the  welfare  system  by  paying  taxes,  Having 
(NATIONALITY)  friends,  Having  educational  qualifications  and  skills  that  are 
sufficient to find a job, Acquiring (NATIONALITY) citizenship ONE ANSWER PER 
LINE  Very  important,  Somewhat  important,  Not  very  important,  Not  at  all 
important, Don’t know. Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means "not at 
all important" and 10 means "extremely important". 

53 

Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

The  national  analysis  with  regard  to  the  proportion  of 
respondents who think it’s important for immigrants to being 
able to speak at least one of the official languages of their 
host country, varies: Romania (63%), Latvia (69%), and Poland 
(71%)  on  the  low  end,  and  Greece  (94%),  the  Netherlands 
(93%), and Sweden (92%) on the higher end.  

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Answers  with  respect  to  those  who  think  it’s  important  for 
immigrants to contribute to the welfare system, vary, with 
respondents least likely to say this in Romania (62%), Croatia 
(68%), Poland (69%). The highest proportions were registered 
in  Portugal  (94%),  Denmark  (92%),  and  Finland,  Spain,  and 
Ireland (89% all).  

Respondents  are  most  likely  to  think  it’s  important  for 
immigrants  to  being  committed  to  the  way  of  life  by 
accepting  the  values  and  norms  of  the  host  society  in 
Finland and Portugal (both 89%), the Netherlands and Spain 
(both 84%), and least likely to do so in Romania (56%), Latvia 
(59%), and Poland (66%).  

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Respondents  adhere  the  most  importance  to  immigrants 
having  educational  qualifications  and  skills  that  are 
sufficient to find a job in Greece (92%), Ireland, and Finland 
(both 89%) and Lithuania (88%). EU citizens are least likely to 
think  this  way  in  Poland,  France,  and  Belgium  (69%  all)  and 
Romania (61%).  

With  respect  to  immigrants  feeling  like  a  member  of  the 
society of the host country, most agreement is found among 
those  polled  in  Sweden  (91%),  Greece  and  the  Netherlands 
(both 90%), and Denmark (89%). 

Respondents  are  least  likely  to  think  this  way  in  Romania 
(55%), Latvia (62%), and Poland (64%) and Croatia (65%).  

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Respondents  are  most  likely  to  think  it’s  important  for 
immigrants  to  have  'locals'  as  friends  in  Finland  (83%), 
Portugal (82%), and Greece (80%), and least likely to do so in 
Romania (55%), Luxembourg (58%), and Latvia and Germany 
(both 59%).  

In 22 countries, at least half of those polled say it’s important 
for  immigrants  to  acquire  the  citizenship,  most  notably  in 
Ireland and Spain (both 73%), Greece (72%) and Hungary and 
Italy (both 70%). Respondents are least likely to think this way 
in  Germany 
(46%)  and 
Luxembourg (47%).  

(36%),  Cyprus 

(40%),  Malta 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

In  19  countries,  more  than  half  of  the  respondents  think  it’s 
important  for  immigrants  to  sharing  their  host  country’s 
national  cultural  traditions,  most  notably  in  Greece  (77%), 
Spain (73%) and Ireland (72%). Respondents are least likely to 
think this way in Sweden (36%), Germany (43%), Finland (44%) 
and the Netherlands (45%).  

In  14  countries,  at  least  half  of  the  respondents  adhere 
importance  to  immigrants  being  active  in  any  association, 
organization or taking part in local elections in their host 
country,  notably  in  Ireland  (76%),  Portugal  (72%),  and 
Hungary  (68%).  Respondents  are  least  likely  to  subscribe  to 
this view in Czechia (35%), Germany (36%) and Slovakia and 
Finland (both 42%).  

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant 
questions at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Respondents who think immigrants themselves are largely 
responsible  for  their  successful  integration  in  society  are 
more likely (68%) to think it is important for immigrants to 
share  their  host  country’s  national  cultural  traditions 
than those who think society is largely responsible (47%), 
or  both  society  and  the  immigrants  (59%).  Similarly, 
respondents  who  think  that 
immigrants  are  mostly 
responsible  for  the  integration  process  (83%)  are  more 
likely to believe that it is important being committed to the 
way of life by accepting the norms and values of society 
than  those  who  consider  both  society  and  immigrants 
responsible (57%).  

  Just over half (55%) of those who think that the integration 
of immigrants in their local area or country has not been 
successful  think  it’s  important  for  immigrants  to  acquire 
the citizenship of their host country, versus 62% of those 
who think that integration has been successful.  

  Respondents  who  are  comfortable  with  all  social 
categories are more likely (89%) to think it is important for 
their integration that immigrants speak the language of 
the  country  they  move  to  than  those  who  are 
uncomfortable  with  at  least  one  category  of  immigrants 
(76%).  

little  to  no 

The socio-demographic analysis shows that gender and age 
have 
influence  with  regards  to  whether 
respondents think it’s important for immigrants to speak the 
language of their host country. 

  However,  respondents  who  have  enjoyed  a  higher 
education are slightly more likely (87%) to think this than 
those who received a primary education (85%). 

  Managers  are  more  likely  (87%)  to  subscribe  to  the 
importance of immigrants speaking the language of their 
host country than house persons (83%), the unemployed 
(82%), and manual workers (81%).  

  Older respondents are however more inclined to think it’s 
important  for  immigrants  to  contribute  to  the  welfare 
system  by  paying  taxes.  More  than  eight  in  ten  (81%) 
think this way, versus only 72% of those aged 15-24. 

  Respondents who received a primary education are slightly 
more  likely  to  think  it’s  important  for  immigrants  to  be 
committed to the way of life in their host country by 
accepting  the  values  and  norms  of  society  than  those 
who enjoyed a higher education (81% vs 78%).  

  Managers, together with the retired, are slightly more likely 
(both  79%)  than  manual  workers 
(76%),  and  the 
unemployed  (70%)  to  think  that  having  educational 
qualifications and skills that are sufficient to find a job. 
Those who received a higher education are also more likely 
to  think  this  than  those  who  enjoyed  only  a  primary 
education (80% vs 77%).  

  Close  to  eight  in  ten  (78%)  of  those  who  claim  to  never 
have  trouble  paying  their  bills  think  it’s  important  for 
immigrants to feel like a member of their host society, 
compared to  just over seven in ten of those who declare 
having difficulties most of the time (71%) feel this way.   

  Those  who  belong  to  the  upper  class  are  substantially 
more likely (81%) to think it’s important for immigrants to 
have ‘locals’ as friends. Across all other social classes, less 
than seven in ten think this way, with the least agreement 
(60%) found among the lower middle class. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

QB11

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How important is each of the following for the 
successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not at all important' and 10 means 'extremely 
important'. 

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EU27

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Feelings towards different social categories o  
Comfortable with all
Uncomfortable with at least 1

Immigrants family members or friends li

At least family or friends
None
Successful integr. in local area/country
Yes
No

Responsible for successful integration

Immigrants
Society
Both

85

85
83
87
85

86
87
84
81
83
82
87
85

80
77
88

85
79
85
87
87

89
76

85
86

85
84

85
63
88

78

81
79
79
74

78
77
78
75
77
77
83
74

77
75
79

82
74
79
76
83

80
72

78
79

79
78

82
60
81

77

77
76
80
76

78
79
77
76
77
70
79
76

69
72
79

79
72
77
80
81

80
70

77
79

79
76

78
58
81

75

75
74
79
77

78
78
75
72
74
73
77
77

71
70
78

75
70
76
79
84

80
65

77
75

78
74

76
58
79

78

81
77
78
73

77
77
77
75
75
76
81
73

75
73
79

79
72
78
77
82

80
72

77
80

78
77

83
57
80

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

2.  Potential obstacles to integration 

Respondents  were  asked,  based  on  a  list  provided  by  the 
interviewer37, to consider whether some specific factors could 
be considered as obstacles to integration. 

The aforementioned questions were framed in such a way as 
to  elicit  responses  about    barriers  to  integration,  and  not 
necessarily those which currently exist. As such, the responses 
should be seen as reflecting general attitudes to factors which 
impede integration, rather than as an assessment of whether 
such factors are currently occurring. The question was asked 
previously in 2017; however, the heavily modified scale makes 
it impossible to offer a valid comparison.  

Across the EU the majority of respondents see each 
of the proposed factors as an obstacle to 
integration.  

  The obstacle identified by the largest share of respondents 
(69%) is difficulties in finding a job.  Close to one in five 
(17%) see this as somewhat of an obstacle, while more than 
one in ten (11%) don’t think it is an obstacle. 

  At least two thirds identify limited efforts by immigrants 
to  integrate  (67%)  as  an  obstacle.  Close  to  one  in  five 
(18%) think it’s somewhat of an obstacle, while more than 
one in ten (11%) think this is not an obstacle. 

  At 

least  two  thirds 

identify  discrimination  against 
immigrants  (67%)  as  a  situation  which  could  prove 
obstacles to integration. Nearly one in five (19%) identify 
this as somewhat of an obstacle, while 11% say it’s not an 
obstacle. 

  Almost two thirds (64%) of those polled think that the high 
concentration of immigrants in certain areas could also 
be a obstacle to their integration. Close to one in five (19%) 
think  this  is  somewhat  of  an  obstacle,  while  13%  don’t 
think that this is an obstacle.  

  Over six in ten (62%) regard difficulties in accessing long 
term residence permits as a obstacle. One in five (20%) 
see this as somewhat of an obstacle. More than one in ten 
(13%) don’t think it is an obstacle.  

  Over six in ten (62%) consider the negative portrayal of 
immigrants  in  the  media  as a  obstacle.  One  in  five  see 
this as somewhat of an obstacle, while 15% don’t see this 
as an obstacle.  

  Over six in ten consider difficulties in finding adequate 
accommodation  (61%)  as  a  obstacle.  Over  one  in  five 
(21%) see this as somewhat of an obstacle, while 15% don’t 
see this as an obstacle.  

  Six in ten think the same of limited interactions between 
immigrants and the host country’s citizens. Close to one 
in four (23%) think this is somewhat of an obstacle, while 
14% don’t think it is an obstacle at all.  

  Across  the  EU,  more  than  half  (58%)  of  the  respondents 
cite limited access to education, healthcare and social 
protection.  Close  to  one  in  five  (18%)  think  this  is 
somewhat  the  case,  while  more  than  one  in  five  (21%) 
don’t think it’s an obstacle.  

  More  than  half  of  the  respondents  (55%)  think  that 
difficulties in bringing in family members represents an 
obstacle to the integration of immigrants. Close to one in 
four (23%) think this represents somewhat of an obstacle. 
Close to one in four (17%) say that this is not an obstacle 
at all.  

37 QA11. Please tell me for each of the following issues if they could be a major 
obstacle, a minor obstacle or not an obstacle at all for the successful integration 
of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Discrimination against immigrants, Limited 
efforts by immigrants to integrate, Difficulties in accessing long term residence 
permits, Difficulties in finding a job, Limited access to education, healthcare and 
social protection, Limited interactions between immigrants and (NATIONALITY) 

citizens, Negative portrayal of immigrants in the media, Difficulties in bringing 
in family members. ONE ANSWER PER LINE  
For  this  question  it  was  adopted  a  regrouped  scale  based  on  the  following 
subtotals: An obstacle (1-4), Somewhat of an obstacle (5-6), Not an obstacle (7-
10). 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

At  the  country  level,  substantial  differences  exist  regarding 
the  proportions  of  those  who  see  these  issues  as  potential 
obstacles.  

In 15 Member States, at least two thirds among those polled 
think  that  difficulties  in  finding  a  job  could  constitute  an 
obstacle to integration. Respondents are most likely to think 
this way in Sweden (85%), the Netherlands (82%) and Finland 
(81%).  Malta  and  Estonia  are  the  only  countries  where  less 
than half (41% and 48% respectively) share this view. One in 
ten of the respondents in Bulgaria say that they don’t know. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

In 22 Member States, more than half of those polled think that 
discrimination against immigrants could be an obstacle to 
integration.  Around  eight  in  ten  think  this  way  in  the 
Netherlands 
(78%). 
Conversely, less than half of those polled hold this opinion in 
Romania 44%), and Latvia, Estonia, Slovakia and Czechia (45% 
all). Over one in ten (11%) of those polled in Bulgaria indicate 
that they don’t know. 

(80%),  and  Sweden 

(82%),  Greece 

In 14  Member States, at least two thirds of the respondents 
say that limited efforts by immigrants to integrate could be 
an obstacle to integration. Nine in ten respondents think this 
way in Greece, followed by Finland (79%), and the Netherlands 
(78%). Romania is the only country where less than half (49%) 
of the respondents think this way. Close to six in ten think this 
way in Slovakia (58%) and Estonia (59%). One in ten of those 
polled in Bulgaria indicate that they don’t know.  

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

In  all  but  five  Member  States,  more  than  half  of  the 
respondents  are  of  the  opinion  that  high  concentration  of 
immigrants in certain areas is an obstacle to integration, with 
over eight in ten thinking this way in Sweden (83%), followed 
by Greece (79%), and the Netherlands (76%). Less than half of 
those  polled  hold  this  opinion  in  Latvia  and  Romania  (both 
41%),  Slovakia  (44%),  Portugal  (45%),  and  Estonia  (47%).  In 
Bulgaria  and  Lithuania,  more  than  one  in  ten  (both  11%) 
indicate that they don’t know. 

Difficulties  in  accessing  long  term  residence  permits  is 
seen as an obstacle to integration by a majority of those polled 
in all but five Member States. At least seven in ten think this 
way in the Netherlands (72%), Portugal (71%), and Spain (70%) 
up to eight in ten in Greece.

Less than half of those polled hold this opinion in Latvia (44%), 
Czechia  (46%),  Romania  (48%)  and  Estonia  Slovakia  (both 
49%).  Close  to  one  in  five  (17%)  of  respondents  in  Bulgaria 
indicate that they don’t know. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Respondents  are  most  likely  to  see  negative  portrayal  of 
immigrants in the media as an obstacle to integration in the 
Netherlands  (74%),  Greece  (73%),  and  Hungary  (70%),  and 
least  likely  to  do  so  in  Portugal  (41%),  Romania  (43%)  and 
Latvia  (48%).  One  in  ten  of  those  polled  in  Bulgaria  indicate 
that they don’t know. 

In all but four Member States, a majority of respondents think 
that difficulties in finding adequate accommodation could 
be an obstacle to integration. Respondents are most likely to 
think this way in Greece (78%), Luxembourg (76%) and Ireland 
(74%), and Portugal (70%). Less than half of those polled hold 
this opinion in Estonia (40%), Slovakia, Czechia and Romania 
(all  46%),  (47%).  In  Bulgaria,  more  than  one  in  ten  (13%) 
indicate that they don’t know.  

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Limited  interactions  between  immigrants  and  the  host 
country’s citizens is seen as an obstacle to integration by a 
majority of those polled in 21 countries. Close to eight in ten 
think this way in the Netherlands (77%), in Greece and Sweden 
(76%  both). 

In six countries, less than half of those polled hold this opinion, 
notably in Romania and Slovenia (both 43%), Slovakia (44%) 
and Czechia (45%). More than one in ten (11%) of respondents 
in Bulgaria indicate that they don’t know.  

Regarding  limited  access  to  education,  healthcare  and 
social  protection,  substantial  disparity  of  views  are  present 
across the EU. Respondents are most likely to see this as an 
obstacle  to  integration  in  Greece  (82%),  the  Netherlands 
(71%), and Cyprus (65%), and least likely to do so in Malta and 
Slovenia (both 39%), Slovakia (40%) and Estonia (42%).

A  non-negligible  proportion  (13%)  among  those  polled  in 
Bulgaria indicate that they don’t know, as do close to one in 
ten in Estonia (8%), and Portugal (7%).  

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Respondents are most likely to see difficulties in bringing in 
family  members  as  an  obstacle  to  integration  in  Greece 
(75%), and Spain and Portugal (both 68%), and least likely to 
do  so  in  Sweden  (39%),  Belgium  (43%),  and  Czechia  and 

Slovakia (both 44%). Almost one in five (19%) of respondents 
in Bulgaria say that they don’t know, followed by over one in 
ten (11%) in Lithuania and Estonia, and almost one in ten (9%) 
in Slovakia. 

There  are  some  socio-demographic  differences  in  the 
proportions of respondents who think that these factors could 
constitute  obstacles  to  the 
immigrants, 
although not in every case. 

integration  of 

  Across the EU, the youngest cohort of respondents (15-24 
years old) are slightly more likely than those aged 55 and 
up to think that difficulties in finding a job represents an 
obstacle to the integration of immigrants (73% vs 69%).  

  While two thirds (66%) of those with the lowest levels of 
education  think  that  limited  efforts  by  immigrants  to 
integrate is an obstacle, seven in ten (71%) of those with 
a higher degree hold this view.  

  When  comparing  socio-professional  groups,  there  are 
some  moderate  differences,  mostly  between  managers 
and  other  groups.  For  instance,  seven  in  ten  (71%) 
managers think that discrimination against immigrants 
is an obstacle to their integration, compared with only two 
thirds of house persons, and 63% of pensioners.  

  Respondents who live in big cities (67%) and small towns 
(66%)  are  slightly  more 
likely  to  think  that  high 
concentration of immigrants in certain areas represents 
an  obstacle  to  integration  versus  those  who  live  in  rural 
areas (62%).  

  Almost three quarters of those polled who say they belong 
to  the  upper  class  (74%)  agree  that  difficulties  in 
accessing long term residence permits is an obstacle to 
the integration of immigrants, while only close to six in ten 
(58%)  respondents  belonging  to  the  lower  middle  class 
think this. 

  Respondents who go online everyday are more likely (63%) 
to  think  that  a  negative  portrayal  of  immigrants  in  the 
media  constitutes  an  obstacle  to  integration,  while  only 
just  over  half  (52%)  of  those  who  never  use  the  Internet 
agree with this.  

  Slightly more respondents who live in big cities (65%) think 
that difficulties in finding adequate accommodation is 
an obstacle for the integration of immigrants than people 
who  live  in  the  countryside  (59%).  However,  political 
affiliation  is  a  stronger  determinant  with  seven  in  ten  of 
those who place themselves on the left side of the political 
scale seeing this as an obstacle versus only 56% of those 
who place themselves on the right side of the scale. 

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Respondents  who  interact  daily  with  immigrants  are 
limited 
logically  more 
interactions  between 
is  an 
obstacle to integration than those who rarely interact with 
immigrants (57%).  

immigrants  and  citizens 

(65%)  to  say  that 

inclined 

  Respondents who interact  daily with immigrants are also 
more likely (74%) to see difficulties in finding a job as an 
obstacle  than  those  who  interact  less  frequent  with 
immigrants (67%).  

  The same is true with regards to those respondents who 
see  limited  access  to  education,  healthcare  and  social 
protection as an obstacle to integration (63% vs 55%).  

  Respondents who think the integration in their local area 
or  country  has  been  successful  are  more  likely  (59%)  to 
think that difficulties in bringing in family members is an 
obstacle  to  integration  than  those  who  don’t  think  that 
integration has actually been a success (53%).  

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

QB12

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale 
from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'. 

( Total 'An obstacle' % - EU)

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69

73
67
70
69

68
66
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72
72
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65
68
68
69
73

68
65
69
76
77

67
69
72

70
65
63

74
67
67

74

74

67

71
68

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Subjective urbanisation

Rural village
Small/ mid size town
Large town

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent
Successful integr. in local area/country
Yes
No

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75
64
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65

67

66
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66
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66
70
66
68
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67
65
67
69
79

65
68
69

68
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66
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73

71

65

67
69

64

61
62
67
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63
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69
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68
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66
62
63
62
66
62

64
61
66
70
74

62
66
67

66
62
56

66
64
67

69

70

62

64
68

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

3.  Measures to support the integration 

of immigrants 

A majority of Europeans agree that it is necessary 
for their country to invest in integrating 
immigrants (69%). More than half of Europeans 
agree that the national Governments are doing 
enough for their integration (53%) 

  When asked to what extent respondents agree or not with 
the statements that ‘actively promoting the integration 
of immigrants is a necessary investment in the long run 
for their country,’38 across the EU a clear majority (69%) 
of respondents agreed. Just over four in ten (42%) tend to 
agree with this statement, while close to three in ten (27%) 
totally agree. Over one in ten (15%) tend to disagree, while 
close  to  one  in  ten  (8%)  totally  disagree,  with  the  same 
proportion indicating that they don’t know. 

  Compared  to  2017,  the  proportion  of  respondents  who 
believe    that  actively  promoting  the  integration  of 
immigrants is a necessary investment in the long run for 
their country39 has remained constant. The proportion of 
those  polled  who  tend  to  agree  with  this  statement  has 
slightly  increased  (42%,  +2),  while  the  rate  of  those  who 
totally agree decreased (27%, -2), while barely any change 
was noted amongst those who tend to disagree (15%, +1), 
and those who don’t know (8%, +1). 

  Among  all  those  polled,  a  small  majority  (53%)  of 
respondents  agree  that  their  national  government  is 
doing  enough  to  actively  promote  the  integration  of 
immigrants  into  society.  Over  one  in  ten  (14%)  totally 
agree with this statement, while close to four in ten (39%) 
tend to agree. Close to a third (28%) tend to disagree, while 
one in ten totally disagree, with just one in ten saying that 
they don’t know how to answer this question. 

  Compared  to  2017,  the  proportion  of  respondents  who 
agree that their national government is doing enough to 
actively  promote  the  integration  of  immigrants  into 
society40 has slightly increased (53%, +2). The proportion 
of those polled who tend to agree with this statement has 
increased  (39%,  +4),  while  the  rate  of  those  who  totally 
agree slightly decreased (14%, -2), with barely any change 
noted amongst those who tend to disagree (28%, +1), and 
those who don’t know (9%, -1).  

38 QB15.1. To what extent do you agree or not with the following statements? 
Actively promoting the integration of immigrants is a necessary investment in 
the long run for (OUR COUNTRY). Totally agree, Tend to agree, Tend to disagree, 
Totally disagree, don’t know. 
39 Formulated in the previous report as “fostering integration of immigrants is a 
necessary investment in the long run for their country” 

40 QB15.2. To what extent do you agree or not with the following statements? 
The  (NATIONALITY)  government  is  doing  enough  to  actively  promote  the 
integration of immigrants into our society. Totally agree, Tend to agree, Tend to 
disagree, Totally disagree, don’t know. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Fifteen out of twenty-seven EU Member States have registered 
an increase in the proportion of respondents who agree with 
the  benefits  of  actively  promoting  the 
integration  of 
immigrants as a necessary investment in the long run for their 
country.  The  sharpest  increases  are  seen  in  Slovenia  (67%, 
+12), Hungary (50%, +9), Italy (63%, +7), Spain (80%, +7), and 
Ireland (88%, +7), with a substantial drop seen in Cyprus (47%, 
-8), Poland (57%, -6), Belgium (78%, -5), Greece (42%, -5), the 
Netherlands (84%, -5), and Portugal (80%, -5). 

When  looking  at  the  country  results,  in  22  out  of  the  27 
Member States, more than half of respondents agree with the 
benefits  of  actively  promoting  the 
integration  of 
immigrants as a necessary investment in the long run for their 
country. In Sweden, over nine in ten (92%) agree that this is 
necessary, followed by nearly nine in ten (88%) of those polled 
in 
in 
Ireland  and  Denmark,  and  86%  of  respondents 
Luxembourg.  In  six  countries,  less  than  half  of  those  polled 
agree  with  it,  with  the  lowest  agreement  registered  in 
Lithuania (40%), Greece and Slovakia (both 42%), and Bulgaria 
(43%). 

Greece stands out as the only country where more than half 
(54%)  disagree  with  the  proposed  statement,  followed  by 
Cyprus  (47%),  and  Lithuania  (44%).  Bulgaria  is  the  only 
Member  State  where  more  than  a  quarter  (26%)  of  those 
polled  indicate  that  they  don’t  know  how  to  answer  this 
question.  The  proportion  of  respondents  who  don’t  know  is 
also relatively high compared to the 8% average, in Slovakia 
(17%), Lithuania (16%), and Poland (15%). 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

Between  2017  and  2021,  an  increase  is  seen  in  terms  of  the 
proportion  of  respondents  who  agree  with  the  benefits  of 
actively  promoting  the  integration  of  immigrants  as  a 
necessary  investment  in  the  long  run  for  their  country,  in 
Greece  (66%,  +8),  and  Denmark  (52%,  +8),  and  substantial 
decreases  in  Bulgaria  (35%,  -17),  Austria  (60%,  -12),  and 
Slovenia (45%, -11).  

In 19 out of the 27 Member States, at least half of those polled 
agree  that  their  national  government  is  doing  enough  to 
actively  promote  the  integration  of  immigrants  into 
society. In Luxembourg, close to seven in ten (69%) think this 
way, followed by Greece,  Cyprus and Ireland, where two thirds 
(66%) agree, and 65% in Portugal. In eight countries, less than 
half  of  those  polled  think  that  their  national  government  is 
doing  enough  to  actively  promote  the 
integration  of 
immigrants into society, with the lowest agreement registered 
in Latvia (33%), Bulgaria (35%), and Poland (37%). 

The  only  countries  where  more  than  half  disagree  with  the 
proposed statement are Latvia (66%), Sweden (54%), and the 
Netherlands (52%). Bulgaria stands out with a particularly high 
proportion  (32%)  of  respondents  who  say  that  they  don’t 
know how to answer this question, followed by Slovakia (20%), 
and Estonia (18%).  

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

fostering integration is a necessary investment in the long 
run. Eight in ten of those who see integration as successful 
agree,  compared  to  64%  of  those  who  see 
it  as 
unsuccessful in both their local area and their country. 

  More than half (56%) of those polled who say to be well 
informed  about 
integration-related 
immigration  and 
matters also think that their national government is doing 
enough to actively promote the integration of immigrants 
into  society  versus  half  (50%)  of  those  who  are  not  well 
informed. 

  Respondents  who  think  that  integration  in  their  area  or 
country has been successful are more likely (59%) to think 
that  their  government  is  doing  enough  to  promote 
integration versus 46% of those who think integration has 
not been successful.  

  Respondents  who  think  that  immigrants  themselves  are 
largely  responsible  for  their  successful  integration  in 
society  are  more 
(64%)  to  think  that  their 
government  has  done  enough  to  promote  integration 
than  those  who  say  society  is  mostly  responsible  (53%), 
and  those  who  think  both  society  and  immigrants  are 
jointly responsible (49%). 

likely 

There are significant socio-demographic differences on this 
question: 

  Those aged 15 to 24 are much more likely than the oldest 
integration  of 
cohort  to  agree  that 
immigrants is a necessary investment for their country in 
the long run (75% vs. 66%). 

fostering  the 

  The propensity to agree with  this question rises with the 
respondent’s level of education. Just under six in ten (59%) 
of those who finished their education at or before the age 
of 15 give this answer, compared with nearly eight in ten 
(77%)  of  those  who  finished  their  education  aged  20  or 
older. 

  Managers  (79%)  are  the  socio-professional  group  most 
likely  to  express  agreement,  particularly  compared  to 
house persons (63%) and the unemployed (65%). 

  Less  than  six  in  ten  (55%)  of  those  who  have  difficulty 
paying  bills  most  of  the  time  agree  that  fostering 
integration  is  necessary,  compared  with  nearly  three 
quarters (74%) of those who almost never or never have 
this problem. 

  Six in ten of those who identify as working class give this 
response,  compared  to  over  eight  in  ten  (81%)  of 
respondents who see themselves as members of the upper 
middle class. 

  Respondents who finished their education at or before the 
age  of  15  are  more  likely  to  think  that  their  national 
government  is  doing  enough  to  actively  promote  the 
integration  of  immigrants  into  society  than  those  who 
enjoyed a higher education (55% vs 49%).  

  Among the different socio-professional categories, manual 
workers  are  the  most  likely  (55%)  to  agree  with  this 
statement versus less than half (49%) of the self-employed, 
students (48%), and the unemployed (46%).  

  Respondents  who  are  politically  leaning  to  the  right  are 
more likely to think that their national government is doing 
enough to actively promote integration than those on the 
left (59% vs 45%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

informed  about 

  Over  three  quarters  (77%)  of  those  who  consider 
themselves 
  well 
immigration  and 
issues  agree  that  their  country  should 
integration 
encourage  integration  in  the  long  term,  compared  with 
less than two thirds (64%) of those who feel that they are 
poorly informed. 

  There is a strong correlation between attitudes to fostering 
integration and conceptions of who is responsible for the 
success of this process. While less than half (49%) of those 
who  think  that  immigrants  are  primarily  responsible  for 
integration think  that their country should invest in their 
integration, over three quarters (76%) of respondents who 
think  that  both  immigrants  and  their  host  society  are 
responsible for integration agree with this view. 

  Respondents  who  see  integration  as  successful  in  their 
local  area  or  country  are  much  more  likely  to  agree  that 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

QB15

To what extent do you agree or not with the following
statements?

(Total 'Agree' % - EU)

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EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Subjective urbanisation

Rural village
Small/ mid size town
Large town

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

Successful integr. in local area/country

Yes
No

Responsible for successful integration

Immigrants
Society
Both

69

75
70
71
66

59
64
77
79

69
79
71
66
63
65
65
79

55
60
74

60
65
72
81
77

66
70
71

80
71
59

77
64

80
64

49
66
76

53

48
51
54
53

55
55
49
48

49
51
52
55
54
46
52
48

49
53
52

51
50
54
49
52

51
53
52

45
55
59

56
50

59
46

64
53
49

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

4.  Impact of COVID-19 on the process 

of integration of immigrants  

Respondents  were  asked  to  what  extent  they  think  it  is 
important that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic  in  their  country  take  into  account  the  integration 
needs of immigrants41. 

A majority of Europeans say that it is important that 
measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic take into account the integration needs of 
immigrants 

  Across  the  EU,  three  quarters  of  those  polled  think  it  is 
important that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-
19  pandemic  in  their  country  take  into  account  the 
integration  needs  of  immigrants.  Close  to  a  third  (31%) 
think  this  is  very  important,  while  more  than  four  in  ten 
(44%) say it’s somewhat important.  

  Close to a fifth (19%) think it’s not important, with over one 
in  ten  (14%)  saying  that  this  is  not  very  important  and  a 
further 5% saying it’s not important at all.  

  Across  the  EU,  a  small  proportion  (5%)  of  those  polled 

indicate that they don’t know. 

In 15 out of the 27 Member States, at least three quarters of 
those polled agree think it is important that measures to fight 
the  effects  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  in  their  country  take 
into  account  the  integration  needs  of  immigrants,  most 
notably  in  Portugal  (96%),  Ireland  (92%)  and  Cyprus  (91%). 
Respondents are least likely to think this way –albeit still more 
than half– in Latvia (55%), Denmark (58%) and France (59%).  

In only three countries, more than  half of respondents think 
it’s  very  important  that  measures  to  fight  the  effects  of  the 
COVID-19  pandemic  in  their  country  take  into  account  the 
integration needs of immigrants: Ireland (57%), Greece (54%) 
and Malta (51%). Respondents are most likely to think that this 
is  somewhat  important  in  Poland  (56%),  Luxembourg  (54%) 
and Italy (53%). 

In  four  EU  Member  States,  more  than  a  third  think  it’s  not 
important that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic  in  their  country  take  into  account  the  integration 
needs  of  immigrants:  Latvia  (44%),  Denmark  (38%),  the 
Netherlands (37%) and Czechia (35%).  

41 QB17. How important do you think it is that measures to fight the effects of 
the COVID-19 pandemic in (OUR COUNTRY) take into account the integration 
needs of immigrants? Very important, Somewhat important, Not very important, 

Not at all important, I see no need to take account of the integration needs of 
immigrants, Don’t know. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021  

At  the  socio-demographic  level,  variation  among  the 
different groups is fairly limited. However, a few observations 
stand out: 

  The youngest cohort is more likely (79%) to think that it is 
important that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-
19  pandemic  in  their  country  take  into  account  the 
integration needs of immigrants than those aged 55 and 
up (73%).  

  More than three quarters (77%) of those received only a 
primary education agree with this statement while of those 
who enjoyed a higher education just over seven in ten do 
(73%).  

  Among  the  socio-professional  categories,  except  for 
students (80%), other white-collar workers are most likely 
(77%)  to  think  that  COVID-19  measures  should  be  taken 
into  account  the  integration  needs  of  immigrants  than 
managers (71%), and house persons and the unemployed 
(both 70%).  

  Respondents who place themselves on the left side of the 
political  scale  are  more  likely  (80%)  to  agree  with  this 
statement than those who place themselves on the rights 
side of the scale (70%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Respondents who interact daily with immigrants are more 
likely (81%) to think that COVID-19 measures should take 
integration needs of immigrants into account than those 
who interact less frequently with the latter (71%). 

  The  same  is  true  with  regards  to  those  who  think  that 
integration  in  their  local  area  or  country  has  been 
successful  versus  those  who  don’t  think  this  is  the  case 
(81% vs 69%).  

QB17

How important do you think it is that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic in (OUR COUNTRY) take into account the integration needs of immigrants? 
(% - EU)

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74
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15
24

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

Successful integr. in local area/country

Yes
No

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
III. THE INTEGRATION AS A MULTI-
FACETED PROCESS

76 

Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

For  this  part  of  the  report,  we  looked  into  integration  of 
immigrants  as  a  process,  in  which  different  parties  are 
involved. Respondents were asked to what extent they think 
either the host society, the immigrants, or both carry the bulk 
of the responsibility. A next question then delves into various 
societal actors that can play a role in advancing the integration 
of immigrants. The latter question can be seen as looking in 
more detail into different actors that may or may not work in 
favour  of  the  integration  of  immigrants,  such  as,  again,  the 
immigrants themselves, and on the societal level: educational 
institutions,  local  or  national  governments,  EU  institutions, 
employers, etc.. 

1.   Integration: a two-way process 

A broad share of  Europeans (70%) view 
integration as a two-way process in which both 
host society and immigrants are responsible 

When asked about the responsibility of immigrants and the 
host  society  for  bringing  about  successful  integration42, 
across  the  EU,  a  large  majority  of  respondents  (70%)  say 
that this is a two-way process, with responsibility borne by 
both immigrants and their host society.  

  Close to a fifth (18%) think that immigrants themselves 
are mostly responsible for this, while one in ten say that 
the host society is largely responsible for the integration 
of immigrants (10%). 

Between  2017  and  2021,  these  proportions  have  largely 
stayed  the  same,  with  a  small  (+1)  uptick  among  the 
respondents  who  see  integration  as  a  two-way  process, 
with responsibility borne by both immigrants and their host 
society,  slightly  fewer  (-2)  respondents  who  think  that 
immigrants themselves are mostly responsible for this, and 
slightly  more  (+2  )  saying  that  the  host  society  is  largely 
responsible for the integration of immigrants. 

42  Q14.  Thinking  about  the  successful  integration  of  immigrants  into  the 
(NATIONALITY)  society  which  of  the  following  statements  is  closest  to  your 
personal view? Immigrants themselves are mostly responsible, (NATIONALITY) 

society is mostly responsible, Integration is a two-way process where immigrants 
and (NATIONALITY) society are both responsible, Don't know. 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

In all EU Member States except Hungary (48%), a majority of 
respondents  think  that  the  responsibility  for  successful 
integration of immigrants lies with both the host society and 
immigrants themselves. Over half of those polled think this 
way  in  Austria  (54%),  Slovakia  (58%),  and  Bulgaria  (60%),  to 
over  eight  in  ten  respondents  in  Luxembourg  and  Portugal 
(both 82%), and the Netherlands and Ireland (both 81%).  

The  proportion  of  respondents  who  think  that  immigrants 
themselves are mostly responsible ranges from just over one 
in ten in Portugal and Luxembourg (both 11%), Ireland (12%), 
and Sweden (13%), to just over a third in Austria (33%), Czechia 
(34%) and Hungary (39%). 

Few  respondents  think  that  responsibility  for  the  success  of 
integration lies mostly with the host society. However, one in 
five express this view in Romania, followed by Poland (19%), 
and Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, and Italy (17% all). On the other 
hand, almost none of those surveyed in the Finland and the 
Netherlands  (both  2%),  and  scarcely  more  than  that  in 
Germany (4%). 

Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of respondents who 
think  that  the  responsibility  for  successful  integration  of 
immigrants lies with both the host society and immigrants 
themselves has increased substantially in Czechia (59%, +10), 
Bulgaria (60%, +8), Germany (75%, +7), and Ireland (81%, +7 
), while a decrease was noted in Cyprus (62%, -16), Hungary 
(48%, -5), Lithuania (66%, -4), Poland (63%, -4), and Romania 
(61%, -4).  

In 21 EU Member States, the proportion of respondents who 
think  that  immigrants  themselves  are  largely  responsible 
has decreased. The drop is most pronounced in Bulgaria (27%, 
-10),  Germany  (19%,  -7)  and  Czechia  (34%,  -6).  In  four 
countries there was no change, while considerable increases 
were  registered  in  Cyprus  (20%,  +7),  Lithuania  (28%,  +4), 
Finland (21%, +4), and Latvia (25%, +3). 

In 8 countries, a drop is seen amongst those who think that 
their country’s society is mostly responsible, most notably in 
Greece (9%, -5) and Czechia (7%, -3), with a noticeable uptick 
registered  in  Romania  (20%,  +7),  Poland  (19%,  +6)  and 
Belgium (17%, +5).  

78 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

The socio-demographic analysis shows the following: 

  There is general consensus among most of the age groups 
on this question, but those aged 55 and up are significantly 
more likely (21%) than those aged 15 to 24 (13%) to think 
that  immigrants  themselves  are  mostly  responsible  for 
integration. 

don’t think integration has been successful (75% vs 66%). 
The  latter  are  also  more  likely  to  think  that  immigrants 
themselves  are  largely  responsible  for  their  integration 
than those who think integration has been a success (22% 
vs 13%).  

  Respondents  with  a  higher  education 

level  are 
substantially  more  likely  than  those  who  finished  their 
education    at  or  before  the  age  of  15  to  think  that 
integration 
involving  both 
two-way  process 
immigrants and the host society (75% vs. 65%), and more 
likely  to  think  that  immigrants  themselves  are  mostly 
responsible 22% vs 16%). 

is  a 

  Among  different  socio-professional  categories,  over 
seven  in  ten  managers  (73%)  and  other  white-collar 
workers (71%) think that the integration of immigrants is a 
two-way  process,  compared  with  two  thirds  of  house 
persons. 

  Respondents  who  never  have  difficulties  paying  their 
bills are more likely (74%) to see immigration as a two-way 
process  than  those  who  face  financial  problems  most  of 
the time (62%).  

  Three quarters of those who identify as belonging to the 
upper middle class see integration as a two-way process 
where immigrants and society are both responsible, while 
less than seven in ten think this way among the upper class 
(66%), the lower middle class (67%), and the working class 
(68%).  

  Those who use the Internet daily are much more likely to 
see integration as a two-way process those who never go 
online (72% vs 60%). The same goes for those who place 
themselves  on  the  left  side  of  the  political  scale  versus 
those who place themselves on the rights side of the scale 
(77% vs 58%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  More  than  three  quarters  (77%)  of  those  who  have  daily 
interactions with immigrants think that integration is a 
two-way  process,  while  just  over  two  thirds  (68%)  of 
respondents  who  have 
frequent  contact  with 
less 
immigrants think this way.  

  Respondents who do not have friends or family who are 
immigrants  are  more  likely  to  see  immigrants  as  mainly 
responsible  for  their  own  integration.  Close  to  a  quarter 
(23%)  of  these  respondents  give  this  answer,  compared 
with 16% of those who have immigrant friends or family 
members. With regards to the proposition of immigration 
as a two-way process,  the difference is smaller. Just over 
seven  in  ten  (71%)  of  those  with  immigrant  friends  and 
family members agree with it, compared to just over two 
thirds  (68%)  of  those  who  do  not  have  any  immigrant 
friends or family members. 

  Respondents  who  consider  that  integration  has  been 
successful    in  their  area  or  country  are  more  likely  to 
think that integration is a two-way process than those who 

Yes
No

79 

QB14

Thinking about the successful
society which of the following statements is closest to your personal view? 
(% - EU)

integration of immigrants into the (NATIONALITY)

y
l
t
s
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m
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a

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t

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s
t
n
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g
m
m

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I

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

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15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

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Managers
Other white collars
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House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Left-right political scale

Left
Centre
Right

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

Interactions with immigrants

Daily

Weekly

Less frequent

18

13
17
16
21

22
18
16
14

19
16
16
18
20
19
20
14

22
19
17

20
20
16
16
21

17
20
23

11
17
28

18
18

14

17

19

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At least family or friends
None

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16
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1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

2.  The role of various actors in the 
integration of immigrants 

Respondents  were  asked  about  the  importance  of  the  role 
played  by  various  actors  in  the  integration  of  immigrants43. 
The  question  was  asked  previously  in  2017;  however,  the 
heavily  modified  scales  and  wording  make  it  difficult  to 
compare.  

Across the EU, there is widespread agreement 
on all listed statements with between 65% and 
83% of respondents saying each actor’s role is 
important in the integration process of 
immigrants 

  More  than  eight  in  ten  (83%)  think  that  the  immigrants 
themselves  play  an  important  role.  One  in  ten  say  their 
role  is  somewhat  important,  with  a  further  5%  thinking 
they  are  not  important  for  the  successful  integration  of 
immigrants. 

  Close to eight in ten (79%) say that education institutions 
also play an important role in the successful integration of 
immigrants.  Over  one  in  ten  (14%)  think  they  are 
somewhat  important,  while  5%  say  that  they  are  not 
important. 

  Employers are seen as playing an important role by over 
three quarters of respondents (76%), with 16% saying they 
are somewhat important, and 6% who think that they are 
not important.

  Over  three  quarters  (76%)  hold  this  view  about  the 
national  government  of  their  country,  with  15%  saying 
they  are  somewhat  important,  and  7%  that  they  are  not 
important. Local authorities is seen as important for the 
successful  integration  of  immigrants  by  75%  of  those 
polled. 

  For more than seven in ten (73%) of those polled, it’s the 
citizens of the host country who are seen as playing an 
important  role  in  this  question,  with  close  to  one  in  five 
18% saying they are somewhat important, and almost one 
in ten (7%) who think that they are not important. 

important  role 

  Close to seven in ten (67%) say that EU institutions play 
an 
integration  of 
immigrants.  Almost  one  in  five  (19%)  think  they  are 
somewhat important, while more than one in ten (11%) are 
of the opinion that they are not important. 

in  the  successful 

  Just  over  two  thirds  (67%)  of  respondents  say  that  the 
media  play  an  important  role,  with  an  additional  one  in 
five saying that its role is  very important, and more than 
one in ten (11%) saying it’s not important.   

  As  concerns  civil  society  actors  like  NGOs  and  trade 
unions,  close  to  two  thirds  of  those  polled  see  them  as 
important  (64%).  Close  to  one  in  four  (22%)  think  them 
somewhat important, while one in ten saying they’re not 
important.  

43  QA13.  In  your  opinion,  how  important  or  not  is  the  role  of  each  of  the 
following actors for the successful integration of immigrants? The immigrants 
themselves,  (NATIONALITY)  citizens,  The  (NATIONALITY)  government,  The  EU 
institutions,  The  authorities  at  local  and  regional  level,  The  media,  Education 

institutions (e.g. pre-school, schools, universities), Civil society actors (e.g. NGOs, 
trade unions, religious and cultural institutions), Employers. ONE ANSWER PER 
LINE Very important, Fairly important, Fairly unimportant, Not at all important, 
Don’t know.   

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

At the country-level, significant differences can be seen in the 
proportions  of  respondents  who  think  that  immigrants 
themselves  are  important  actors  in  their  integration.  More 
than  nine  in  ten  think  this  in  the  Netherlands  and  Sweden 
(both  94%),  Denmark  (92%),  and  Portugal  (91%),  with  the 
lowest proportions seen in Croatia (74%), Slovakia (73%) and 
Romania (64%).  

With the exception of Romania (60%) and Slovakia (63%), in 
all  countries  at  least  two  thirds  of  respondents  say  that 
education  institutions  such  as  pre-schools,  schools  and 
universities are important for the process of integration. 

The  highest  proportions  are  found  in  Sweden  (93%),  Ireland 
(89%), as well as Portugal, Luxembourg and Finland (all 88%%). 
Romania stands out as the only country where more than one 
in ten (15%) do not think education institutions are important 
actors regarding this topic.  

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

In all countries a substantial majority of respondents say that 
employers are important for the process of integration. The 
highest  proportions  are  found  in  Portugal  (92%),  Sweden 
(88%)  and 
lowest  proportions 
registered  in  Czechia  and  Romania  (both  64%)  and  Latvia 
(66%).  

Ireland  (87%),  with  the 

Respondents are most likely to think national governments 
are important players in the integration process in Greece and 
Portugal (both 91%), Ireland and the Netherlands (both 89%), 
and Luxembourg (87%). They are least likely to think this way 
in Czechia (60%), Romania (62%), and Latvia (67%).  

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

With  regards  to  the  role  of  local  governments,  the 
proportions  are  similar  though  not  identical:  Sweden  (89%), 
Ireland  (87%),  and  Greece  (86%)  versus  Czechia  (53%), 
Romania (62%), and Slovakia and Slovenia (both 65%). 

Respondents  are  most  likely  to  think  citizens  of  the  host 
country are important players in the integration process in the 
Netherlands (89%), Ireland (88%), and Portugal (87%), with the 
lowest  proportions  registered  in  Czechia  (58%),  Romania 
(59%) and Estonia (60%). In seven countries, more than one in 
ten do not think citizens are important actors regarding this 
topic,  most  notably  in  Estonia  (16%),  Romania  (14%)  and 
Austria (13%).  

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

In  all  but  two  countries  (Czechia  and  Denmark;  both  48%) 
more than half of respondents agree that the role of the EU 
institutions  is  important  for  the  successful  integration  of 
immigrants,  ranging  from  90%  in  Greece,  79%  in  Spain  
Portugal  and  Cyprus,  to  56%  in  Latvia  and  Sweden,  57%  in 
Finland, and 60% in Slovenia. Particularly high proportions of 
respondents who think that the role of the EU is not important 
in the integration of immigrants are found in Czechia (19%), 
Denmark (18%) and Finland (17%).  

Respondents  are  most  likely  to  think  media  are  important 
players  in  the  integration  process  in  Greece  (78%),  Ireland 
(77%), and Spain, Hungary, Malta and Poland (75% all). They 
are  least  likely  to  think  this  way  in  Romania  (54%),  Slovakia 
(55%), and Latvia and Czechia (both 57%).   

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

In  all  countries  but  two  (Czechia  and  Slovakia  both  48%),  a 
majority  of  respondents  say  that  civil  society  actors  are 
important  for  the  process  of  integration,  with  the  highest 
proportions found in Ireland and Portugal (both 84%), Sweden 
and Spain (both 74%), and Italy (73%). Almost one in five think 
that  civil  society  actors  are  not  important  in  this  respect  in 
Czechia (19%) and Romania (18%).  

As  regards  the  socio-demographic  analysis,  a  few  notable 
correlations can be inferred: 

  Gender hardly plays a role, except in terms of the role of 
EU  institutions  in  the  integration  of  immigrants,  which 
women are more likely to favour than men (71% vs 66%), 
on average. 

  Similarly, age plays a largely insignificant role except in a 
few cases. For instance, the youngest cohort is more likely 
to think that the host country’s citizens play an important 
role in the integration of immigrants than those aged 55 
and  up  (76%  vs  71%).  Similar  proportions  are  found 
regarding  the  role  of  EU  institutions  (74%  vs  68%),  and 
the media (73% vs 68%).  

  Education  seems  to  play  a  more  substantive  role.  Those 
who enjoyed a higher education are more likely than those 
who left education at or before the age of 15 to think that 
the  aforementioned  groups  or  institutions  play  crucial 
roles  the  integration  process.  For  instance,  respondents 
with a higher education level are more likely to think that 
the immigrants themselves play an important role in the 
integration  process  than  those  who  received  a  primary 
education (87% vs 82%). The pattern repeats throughout, 
except as regards EU institutions (69% vs 70%): 
  education institutions (84% higher education vs 74% 

primary education); 

  the national government (80% vs 75%); 
  local and regional authorities (80% vs 73%); 
  employers (80% vs 73%); 

  citizens of the country in question (78% vs 68%); 
  the media (72% vs 63%); 
  civil society actors (70% vs 64%). 

  Among socio-professional categories, close to nine in ten 
(86%)  of  respondents  who  are  self-employed  think  that 
immigrants  themselves  play  an  important  role  in  the 
integration  process,  while  less  than  eight  in  ten  manual 
workers (79%) think the same.  

  Respondents who never have trouble paying their bills are 
more likely (80%) to think that education institutions play 
a  significant  role  than  those  who  continuously  struggle 
financially (73%). 

  Among  those  who  consider  themselves  as  belonging  to 
the upper class, more than eight in ten (84%) think that the 
national  government  plays  an  important  role  in  the 
integration  process,  while  slightly  less  than  three  in  four 
(74%) respondents who belong to the lower middle class 
agree with this. 

  Respondents who live in large towns or cities are slightly 
more  likely  (79%)  to  be  of  the  opinion  that  local 
authorities or regions play a big role in the integration of 
immigrants than those who live in more rural areas (74%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Nearly  nine  in  ten  (88%)  of  respondents  who  have  daily 
interactions  with  immigrants  think  that  the  immigrants 
themselves  play  a  significant  role  in  the  integration 
process,  while  among  those  who  have  less  frequent 
contact with immigrants, eight in ten agree with this.  

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 
10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely important''.

(Total 'Important'% - EU)

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EU27

Gender

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Age

15-24
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40-54
55 +

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House persons
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Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
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Interactions with immigrants

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86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

3.  Evaluation of governments’ actions 

to foster the integration of 
immigrants 

A majority of Europeans see integration as a high 
priority but not the top priority for their 
government  

  Across the EU, more than half (53%) of respondents think 
that their governments treat the integration of immigrants 
(from outside the EU) as a high priority, but not among the 
top issues of concern for their national government4445.  

  For over one in ten (15%), the issue is among the top three 

issues of concern for their government.  

  More than a quarter (27%) think that the issue holds low 
priority for their national government. Less than one in ten 
(5%) indicate that they don’t know.  

A  country- analysis shows that in seven EU Member States, 
at  least  six  in  ten  respondents  are  of  the  opinion  that  the 
integration of immigrants from outside the EU is a high priority 
but not among the top issues of concern for their government. 
Respondents  are  most  likely  to  think  in  this  way  in  Finland 
(66%),  the  Netherlands  (65%),  and  Belgium  (64%).  In  eleven 
countries,  less  than  half  think  this  way,  with  those  in  Latvia 
(27%), Croatia (35%), and Czechia and Slovakia (40% both) the 
least likely. 

Although  in  most  countries,  respondents  are  unlikely  (less 
than 5%) to indicate that they don’t know how to answer this 
question,  more  than  one  in  ten  say  this  in  Bulgaria  (15%), 
Lithuania  (14%),  Estonia  and  Romania  (both  13%),  and 
Portugal (11%).   

44 QB16A. In your view, how important is the issue of integration of immigrants 
(from outside the EU) for your national government? Top priority – one of the 
top three issues of concern for the government; High priority, but not among 

the top issues of concern for the government, Low priority, not among issues of 
concern for the government; Don’t know.  
45 This question is a split question. Base of respondents = 13193. 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Almost half of the respondents think that 
integration should be placed higher on the political 
agenda  

Respondents were asked how high the issue of integration of 
immigrants  from  outside  the  EU  should  be  placed  on  the 
national political agenda 4647.  

  Across  the  EU,  on  average  close  to  half  (43%)  of  the 

respondents think no change is needed. 

  More than a third (35%) are of the opinion that it should 

be placed higher on the political agenda. 

  Close to one in five (17%) think that immigration should 

take a lower place on the national political agenda. 

Noticeable differences appear across the different EU Member 
States.  In  five  EU  Member  States,  more  than  half  of  those 
polled think that the integration of immigrants from outside 
the  EU  receives  more  or  less  the  right  amount  of  political 
attention:  Slovakia  (59%),  Lithuania  (57%),  Portugal  and 
Czechia (both 56%), and Poland (51%).  

Only in three countries, more than half think that the issue of 
integration  of  immigrants  from  outside  the  EU  should  be 
placed higher on the national political agenda: Sweden (53%), 
Malta and the Netherlands (both 51%). Less than one in five 
think  this  in  Slovakia,  and  Romania  (14%  all),  and  Lithuania 
(19%).  

46 QB16B. In your view, how high should the issue of integration of immigrants 
(from  outside  the  EU)  be  placed  on  the  national  government  policy  agenda? 

Higher  than  currently  is  the  case;  Lower  than  currently  is  the  case;  About  the 
same as currently is the case; Don't know. 
47 This question is a split question. Base of respondents = 13317.  

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

At  the  socio-demographic  level,  a  few  observations  can  be 
made: 

in  the  political  arena  than  those  who  feel    not  well 
informed (41% vs 31%).  

  Nearly six in ten (59%) respondents aged 15-24 think that 
the integration of immigrants from outside the EU should 
be  a  high  priority,  but  not  among  the  top  issues  of 
concern 
for  the  national  government,  while  older 
respondents are less likely to think this way (51% of those 
aged 25-39, and 53% of those aged 40 and up.). Younger 
respondents  are  also  more  likely  to  think  the  issue  of 
integration  should  be  placed  higher  on  the  political 
agenda;  43%  of  those  aged  15-24  versus  32%  of  those 
aged 55 and up. 

  More than half (55%) of those polled who enjoyed a higher 
education  think  integration  is  a  high  priority  for  their 
national  government,  while  less  than  half  (47%)  of  those 
who finished school at 15 or earlier think the same. Better 
educated respondents are also much more likely to think 
the  issue  should  receive  more  attention  than  those  who 
only received a primary education (44% vs 25%).  

  More  than  half  (57%)  of  managers  think  integration  is  a 
high priority for their national government, while less than 
half (46%) of house persons think this. Managers are also 
much  more  likely  to  think  the  issue  should  receive  more 
political attention than manual workers and house persons 
(43% vs 30%).  

  Respondents who never have trouble paying their bills are 
much more likely (55%) to think integration is currently a 
high priority of their national government than those who 
continuously struggle financially (43%). Those who are well 
off also think the issue deserves a more prominent place 
on the political agenda than those who struggle (39% vs 
27%). 

  More than six in ten (61%) of those polled who consider 
themselves as belonging to the upper middle class think 
integration 
their 
is  currently  a  high  priority 
government, while among the working class and the upper 
class  less  than  half  (48%)  think  this  is  true.  Conversely, 
respondents identifying themselves in  the upper class are 
substantially more likely (52%) to say that the issue should 
receive more political attention than those of the working 
class (29%).  

for 

  More  than  half  (55%)  of  those  who  go  online  every  day 
think  integration  is  a  high  priority  of  their  government, 
while only 42% of those who never use the Internet think 
this way. More than twice as many of those who go online 
every day think it should receive more attention than those 
who never go online (38% vs 15%).  

An analysis of the results crossed with other relevant questions 
at the EU level, shows the following: 

  Respondents who consider themselves to be well informed 
about immigration and integration-related issues are more 
likely (58%) to think integration is a high priority for their 
national government as opposed to those who claim  not 
to  be  well 
(50%). 
Respondents  who  declare  to  be  well  informed  are  also 
more inclined to think the issue deserves more attention 

informed  about 

things 

these 

  Close  to  six  in  ten  (58%)  of  respondents  who  have 
immigrants as family or friends living in the country think 
that  integration  is  currently  a  high  priority  for  the 
government, while less than half (47%) of those who don’t 
have immigrant friends or family think this. Respondents 
with  immigrant  friends  or  family  are  much  more  likely 
(39%) to think integration should be placed higher on the 
political  agenda  than  those  without  any 
immigrant 
connections (27%). 

  Over six in ten (61%) among those polled who think that 
society  is  largely  responsible  for  the  integration  of 
immigrants agree with the proposed statement versus 42% 
of  those  who  think  immigrants  themselves  are  mostly 
responsible, and 56% of those who think both are equally 
responsible. 

QB16A-B

A. In your view, how important is the issue of integration 
of immigrants (from outside the EU) for your national 
government? 
B. In your view, how high should the issue of integration 
of immigrants (from outside the EU) be placed on the 
national government policy agenda? 
(% - EU)

e
h
t
g
n
o
m
a

t
o
n

t
u
b

,

y
t
i
r
o
i
r
p

h
g
H

i

e
h
t

r
o
f

n
r
e
c
n
o
c

f
o
s
e
u
s
s
i

p
o
t

)
A
(

t
n
e
m
n
r
e
v
o
g

e
s
a
c

e
h
t

s
i

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

n
a
h
t

r
e
h
g
H

i

)
B
(

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Use of the Internet

Everyday
Often/ Sometimes
Never

Inform. about immigration and integration

Well informed
Not well informed

59
51
53
53

47
53
55
59

54
57
54
51
46
47
53
59

43
51
55

48
52
55
61
48

55
55
42

58
50

Immigrants family members or friends living in country

At least family or friends
None

Responsible for successful integration

Immigrants
Society
Both

58
47

42
61
56

43
37
33
32

25
29
44
43

38
43
34
30
30
38
31
43

27
26
39

29
33
36
45
52

38
24
15

41
31

39
27

24
30
39

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONCLUSION 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

while  23  million 
residing in the EU on 1st January 2020 48. 

third-country  nationals  were 

legally 

Personal  experiences  and 
immigrants 

increasing  relations  with 

Regarding  Europeans’  personal  experiences  with  immigrants 
and their level of familiarity and comfort with them, significant 
variations exist across EU countries,explained by the variations 
in  the  size  and  nature  of  migration  and  migratory  arrivals 
between EU countries. For instance, at the EU level, we see that 
four  in  ten  respondents  interact  at  least  weekly  with 
immigrants.  In  Spain,  Sweden,  and  Ireland,  at  least  half  of 
those  polled  indicate  interacting  socially  with  immigrants  at 
least once a week, while only about one in ten or less say the 
same in Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia.  

Overall, we note   a  slight  increase  in  the  proportion of 
Europeans who say they interact regularly with immigrants. A 
substantial  increase  is  seen  in  the  proportion  of  Europeans 
who  say  that  they have  friends  or  family  members  who  are 
immigrants  currently  residing  in  their  country. Currently,  a 
majority of Europeans acknoweldge this.  

Between  2017  and  the  2021,  the  proportion  of  respondents 
who say that they were born themselves in the country where 
the survey was carried out has stayed the same in about a third 
of the EU Member States, rising slightly in some countries like 
Cyprus,  and  Spain  and  Ireland,  and  decreasing  slightly 
elsewhere, for instance in Hungary, Italy and Latvia.  

Over nine in ten of those surveyed were born in the country in 
which the survey was conducted, with nearly as many saying 
their parents were also born there. In reality, around 12.2% of 
the EU population were born in another country (EU or non-
EU). According to the most recent figures (2021), around 7.9% 
of the EU population were born outside the EU, compared to 
5% of the respondents of this survey. 

A  majority  of  Europeans  obtain  their 
information  on 
immigration  and  integration-related  matters  mainly through 
traditional  mass  media  such  as  newspapers,  television,  and 
radio.  Only  a  minority  say  they  get  this  predominantly from 
social media. 

Improving perceptions and attitudes in the balance 

With respect to general perceptions of and attitudes towards 
immigrants, Europeans showed diversified opinions  Only 22% 
see immigration as more of an  opportunity than a problem; 
slightly  more  than  in  2017.  Close  to  one  in  three  think  that 
immigration  is  more  of  a  problem  than  an  opportunity, 
although  this  varies  significantly  by  country  and  decreased 
substantially  compared  to  2017.  Europeans  are substantially 
more likely to say that immigration represents both a problem 
and  an  opportunity,  with  a  slight  increase  in  those  who  see 
immigration as more of an opportunity.   

In  spite  of  2017,  this  survey  reveals  an  improvement  in 
personal  experiences  and  attitudes  towards 
immigrants 
among Europeans:  more than half of  them  declare  to  have 
at  least  immigrant  friend  or  family  living  in  their  country 
and  the  large  majority  feel  comfortable  in any kind of social 
relationship with immigrants. On the other hand,  the  level  of 
knowledge,  awareness  and  information  on  integration  and 
immigration 
stable 
integration  of 
compared 
immigrants  is  decreasingly  perceived  as  a  problem  and 
increasingly acknowledged as a two-way process where both 
immigrants and society are responsible and considered as well 
as high governmental priority.  

remained 
the 

the  past.  Overall, 

related  matters 

fairly 

to 

Limited knowledge of immigrants and immigration 

The results of this survey point to some noteworthy  trends in 
the EU, some positive and some negative. Firstly, it is clear that 
many Europeans still feel ill-informed about immigration and 
integration-related  issues;  less  than  four  in  ten  say  that  they 
are well-informed, which is the case in most countries with a 
few exceptions.  Between  the  previous  report  on  this  topic  in 
2017  and  2021,  respondents  have  become  only  marginally 
better  informed,  and  slightly  less  likely  to  answer  that  they 
don’t know. 

Notable  misconceptions  exist  regarding  the  number  of 
illegally  staying  immigrants  as  compared  with  those  staying 
legally.  A  majority  of  respondents  think  there  are  at  least  as 
many illegally staying immigrants as there are legally staying 
immigrants.  However,  the  proportion  of  people  thinking  this 
has  decreased  markedly  from  2017,  and  while  one  in  three 
think there are more non-EU nationals who are staying illegally 
than legally in the EU, this also represents a noticeable drop 
from 2017.  

Europeans  also  tend,  as  in  the  past,  to  overestimate  the 
overall  proportion  of 
in 
immigrants 
some  cases  significantly.  One  in  three  say  they  don’t 
know.  Close  to  a  quarter  correctly  estimate  the  range  to 
be  between  6%  and  12% (in line with the actual EU average 
of 8%). 

in  their  countries, 

in 

their  country 

There is also a significant lack of awareness of the real extent 
of  immigration  arrivals  from  non-EU  countries  into  the  EU, 
with  more  Europeans  overestimating  how  many  immigrants 
are  present 
than  underestimating. 
Respondents are most likely to overestimate the presence of 
immigrants  from  outside  the  EU  in  their  country  in  Austria 
(69%), Belgium (66%), and Czechia (62%). On the other hand, 
respondents’  estimates  of  the  proportion  of  immigrants  are 
most  likely  to  be  accurate  in  Romania  and  Hungary  (both 
44%),  Denmark  (43%),  and  Finland  (41%).  Overall,  in  the  EU, 
those  with  lower  levels  of  education  tend  to  provide  higher 
estimates of the proportion of immigrants in their country.  

reference:  according 

For 
to  available  Eurostat  data, 
during  2020,  557.455  third-country  nationals  were  found 
to  be  illegally  present  in  the  EU,

48 Eurostat, 1/1/2021, table: migr_pop3ctb (Last update: 18/11/2021), 
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=migr_pop3ctb&lang
=en   

91 

 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

In more than half of the EU Member States the proportion of 
respondents who say that all of their grandparents were born 
in the country decreased, which can serve as a good indicator 
of  overall  increased  intra-EU  mobility,  as  well  as  from 
immigrants coming from outside the EU. 

When we consider personal experiences and attitudes towards 
immigrants,the majority of Europeans feels comfortable with 
immigrants as friends, neighbours, work colleagues or in other 
social  roles,  representing  a  substantial  increase  from  2017. 
However,  respondents in some countries are much less likely 
to  feel  comfortable  in  these  situations.  Particularly,  Hungary 
(24%), Bulgaria (29%) and Romania (35%) showed the lowest 
levels of comfort towards the social categories listed.  

There does not seem to be a clear relation between the relative 
number of immigrants that are present in a country and overall 
attitudes  towards  immigrants.  For  instance,  Lithuania,  which 
has  a  relatively  low  proportion  of  non-EU  immigrants  has  a 
relatively  high  proportion  of 
respondents  who  see 
immigration from outside the EU as a problem. On the other 
hand, respondents in Luxembourg, with a substantial presence 
of immigrants born outside the EU, are substantially less likely 
to  think  in  this  way.  In  some  countries  with  very  low 
proportions of immigrants born outside the EU, like Hungary 
and Bulgaria, respondents are more likely than the EU average 
to think that this is a problem.  

There  are  also  significant  differences  between  age  and 
education cohorts. Younger respondents, and those who are 
better educated, are more likely to see immigration as more 
of  an  opportunity,  while  older  respondents  and  those  with 
lower levels of education are more likely to see it as more of a 
problem. Respondents who obtain their information on social 
media and networks tend to consider the immigration as more 
of an opportunity than respondents who use traditional mass 
media. Overall, it is safe to say that Europeans seem to have 
grown more comfortable with immigrants. This is true in most 
but not all countries. In fact, there is a sharp decrease in some 
countries like Lithuania, Latvia, and Romania.  

Difficulties of integration 

Concerning  what  constitutes  ‘integration’  Europeans  are 
largely unanimous. A large majority (close to nine in ten) think 
it  is  important  that  immigrants  speak  the  language  of  the 
country  they  move  to,  that  they  contribute  to  its  welfare 
system by paying taxes, and that they are committed to the 
values and norms of society.  

Half  of  Europeans  agree  that  integration  of  immigrants  is 
successful in their local area or city. Here, an increase can be 
noted between 2017 and 2021. Only a minority of Europeans 
think  that  integration  of  immigrants  has  been  successful  in 
their country. Here too, a noticeable increase can be noted at 
country  level.  Substantial  increases  were  seen  in  Estonia 
(36%,+15),  Italy  (42%,+15),  Bulgaria  (29%,  +9),  Czechia 
(54%,+9),  Malta  (49%,  +8),  and  Poland  (45%,+6),  and  slight 
decreases in Austria (42%, -5), Slovenia (59%, -5), and Finland 
(48%, -4).  

92 

There doesn’t seem to be a clear-cut correlation between the 
proportion  of  non-EU  immigrants  in  a  country  and  the 
perceived success of their integration. In some countries with 
a relatively high proportion of non-EU immigrants (more than 
10%), like Latvia, Sweden, and Germany, respondents are more 
likely  to  say  that  integration  has  not  been  successful  than 
elsewhere.  In  other  countries  with  a  high  non-EU  immigrant 
population,  like  Spain  and  Luxembourg,  more  than  three 
quarters of respondents –more than all but one EU Member 
State– think that integration has been successful.  

In  terms  of  respondents’  assessment  of  the  evolution  in  the 
situation of legal immigrants in their country over the last 10 
years,  different  aspects  were  surveyed.  Overall,  only  a 
minority  of  Europeans  think  that  there  has  been  an 
improvement. For instance, a minority of Europeans think that 
the  education  outcomes  of  children  of  immigrants  have 
improved,  even  though  a  slightly  larger  proportion  of 
respondents,  but  also  still  a  minority,  think  this  has  not 
improved.  The  same  can  be  said  of  the  education  levels  of 
adult immigrants. Europeans are least likely to think that the 
poverty rate among immigrants has improved. 

to 

A  large  majority  of  Europeans  think  that  the  integration  of 
immigrants  is  hampered  by  difficulties  finding  a  job,  the 
integrate,  and 
limited  efforts 
immigrants’  own 
discrimination,  and  to  a  lesser  extent  –but  still  a  majority 
among  respondents:  high  concentration  of  immigrants  in 
certain  areas,  difficulties  in  accessing  long  term  residence 
permits,  negative  portrayal  of  immigrants  in  the  media, 
limited 
difficulties 
interactions  between  immigrants  and  the  host  country’s 
citizens,  limited  access  to  education,  healthcare  and  social 
protection,  and  difficulties  in  bringing  in  family  members. 
Younger and better educated respondents are more likely to 
acknowledge the barriers to integration that immigrants face.  

in  finding  adequate  accommodation, 

Improving integration 

A  large  majority  of  Europeans  think  that  actively  promoting 
integration is a necessary investment in the long-run for their 
country.  However,  in  comparison   to  2017 survey ,  the 
proportion of respondents who answer in this way has slightly 
decreased.  

A  majority  think  that  their  national  government  is  doing 
enough to actively promote the integration of immigrants into 
society, although this has decreased slightly.  

And while a majority of Europeans see integration as a high 
priority but not the top priority for their government, close to 
half  think  that  integration  should  be  placed  higher  on  the 
political agenda. 

Most  Europeans  view  integration  as  a  two-way  process  in 
which  both  the  host  society  and  the  immigrants  themselves 
are  responsible.  This  has  hardly  changed  since  2017,  with 
slightly more Europeans saying that the host society is largely 
responsible 
immigrants.  More 
specifically,  a  substantial  majority  of  Europeans  point  to 
various  different  actors  that  can  play  a  vital  role  in  the 
integration of immigrants into their host country. While more 

integration  of 

the 

for 

Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

than eight in ten point to the immigrants themselves; close to 
seven in ten point to education institutions, and the national 
and local government. Those in the oldest age cohort or with 
lower levels of education are less likely to think integration is 
a  two-way  process  between  the  host  society  and  the 
immigrant,  and  are  more  likely  to  think  that  immigrants 
themselves should be mostly responsible for their integration. 

Across  the  EU,  younger  respondents  and  those  with  higher 
levels of education are more likely to feel that integration has 
been  a  success  and  that  immigrants  have  had  a  positive 
impact  on  their  country,  while  respondents  who  are  more 
vulnerable economically are more likely to say their impact has 
been negative.  

Despite the  general improvement in results from 2017,  it  is 
worth noting that three countries stand out in this survey for 
their  scores:  Bulgaria,  Hungary  and  Romania.  As  previously 
mentioned, respondents in these countries showed the lowest 
levels of comfort in having any kind of social relationship with 
immigrants.  Similarly,    only  27%  of  respondents  in  Bulgaria 
(33%  in  HU  and  36%  in  RO)  considered  successful  the 
integration process in their city or local area, compared to 50% 
of  the  EU  average.  Finally,  when  asking  which  factors 
contribute to the successful integration of immigrants in the 
EU,  Romania  ranked  last  on  six  out  of  the  nine  statements 

proposed.  Interestingly, these  countries  showed  the  highest 
proportions of respondents and families born in their country 
of  origin ( Bulgaria recorded the  highest  percentage  of  both 
parents (96%) and all grandparents (93%) born in the country). 

The  overall  picture  is  therefore  an  ambivalent  one:  seeing 
immigration  as  a  problem  may  not  mean  hostility  against 
immigrants, but rather reflect a perception that governments 
are  not  managing  the  issue  of  immigrant  integration  in  an 
adequate  way.  Looking  at  the  socio-demographic  profiles, 
respondents  who  are  younger,  with  higher  education  levels 
and that identify themselves as belonging to the upper class 
immigration  and 
tend  to  be  more  concerned  about 
integration related matters compared to those belonging to 
the  working  class  and  experiencing  financial  hardship.  And 
while  Europeans  are  more  inclined  to  point  to  immigrants’ 
own efforts and responsibility for their successful integration, 
like speaking the local language and adapting to local norms, 
other causes, pertaining to the host society, like discrimination 
and job  opportunities  are  also  seen  as  important.  Overall 
attitudes  towards  immigrants  have  improved,  particularly  in 
Eastern  Europe,  and  social  and  professional  interaction 
between immigrants and locals has increased. 

93 

Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

TECHNICAL 
SPECIFICATIONS 

Between the 1st November and 2nd December 2021, Kantar 
carried out the wave 96.2 of the EUROBAROMETER survey, at 
the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General 
for  Communication,  “Media  monitoring  and  Eurobarometer” 
Unit.  

The  wave  96.2  covers  the  population  of  the  respective 
nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident 
in each of the 27 Member States and aged 15 years and over.  

The basic sample design applied in all countries and territories 
is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a 
number  of  sampling  points  was  drawn  with  probability 
proportional  to  population  size  (for  a  total  coverage  of  the 
country) and to population density. 

The sampling points were drawn systematically from each of 
the  "administrative  regional  units",  after  stratification  by 
individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole 
territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT 
NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the 
resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of 
metropolitan, urban and rural areas 49.  

In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was 
drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were 
selected  by  standard  "random  route"  procedures,  from  the 
initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, 
at  random  (following  the  "next  birthday  rule").  If  no  one 
answered the interviewer in a household, or if the respondent 
selected  was  not  available  (not  present  or  busy),  the 
interviewer  revisited  the  same  household  up  to  three 
additional times (four contact attempts in total). Interviewers 
never indicate that the survey is conducted on behalf of the 
European  Commission  beforehand;  they  may  give  this 
information once the survey is completed, upon request. 

in 

recruitment  phase  was  slightly  different 

the 
The 
Netherlands  and  Sweden.  In  these  countries,  a  sample  of 
addresses within each areal sampling point (1km2 grid) were 
selected from the address or population register. The selection 
of addresses was done in a random manner. Households were 
then contacted by telephone and recruited to take part in the 
survey.  

Urban 

49 
classification 
(https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/degree-of-urbanisation/background) 

based 

Rural 

on 

DEGURBA 

TS1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

COUNTRIES

INSTITUTES

N°
INTERVIEWS

FIELDWORK
DATES

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL

ES

FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL

PT

RO

SI
SK
FI
SE

Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechia
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece

Spain

France
Croatia
Italy
Rep. Of Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden

Mobiel Centre Market Research 
Kantar TNS BBSS
Kantar CZ
Kantar Gallup
Kantar Deutschland
Norstat Estonia
B and A Research
Kantar Greece
TNS Investigación de Mercados y 
Opinión 
Kantar Public France
Hendal
Kantar Italia
CYMAR Market Research
Kantar TNS Latvia
TNS LT
TNS Ilres
Kantar Hoffmann
MISCO International
Kantar Netherlands
Das Österreichische Gallup Institut
Kantar Polska
Marktest – Marketing, Organização 
e Formação
Centrul Pentru Studierea Opiniei si 
Pietei (CSOP)
Mediana DOO
Kantar Czechia
Taloustutkimus Oy
Kantar Sifo

1,016
1,020
1,035
1,023
1,516
1,018
1,004
1,014

1,008

1,006
1,039
1,020
504
1,001
1,004
505
1,017
505
1,006
1,005
1,037

1,004

1,057

1,000
1,001
1,075
1,070

POPULATIO PROPORTIO

15+

02-11-21 02-12-21      9,915,439 
03-11-21 28-11-21      6,094,974 
04-11-21 29-11-21      9,190,342 
01-11-21 26-11-21      4,994,008 
02-11-21 02-12-21    74,162,306 
03-11-21 28-11-21      1,145,208 
03-11-21 29-11-21      4,039,401 
02-11-21 26-11-21      9,568,462 

EU27

2.53%
1.55%
2.34%
1.27%
18.89%
0.29%
1.03%
2.44%

03-11-21 29-11-21    42,022,835 

10.70%

03-11-21 27-11-21    57,553,554 
02-11-21 24-11-21      3,569,904 
03-11-21 26-11-21    54,102,101 
01-11-21 28-11-21         759,844 
03-11-21 17-11-21      1,649,459 
03-11-21 29-11-21      2,445,153 
02-11-21 26-11-21         538,288 
03-11-21 19-11-21      8,547,786 
02-11-21 29-11-21         455,041 
02-11-21 23-11-21    15,067,518 
02-11-21 21-11-21      7,844,329 
02-11-21 28-11-21    32,904,839 

14.66%
0.91%
13.78%
0.19%
0.42%
0.62%
0.14%
2.18%
0.12%
3.84%
2.00%
8.38%

02-11-21 28-11-21      9,221,533 

2.35%

02-11-21 26-11-21    16,701,193 

4.25%

02-11-21 25-11-21      1,834,195 
02-11-21 29-11-21      4,677,729 
04-11-21 29-11-21      4,805,266 
02-11-21 29-11-21      8,756,024 

0.47%
1.19%
1.22%
2.23%

TOTAL EU27

26,510

01-11-21 02-12-21 392,566,731

100%*

* It should be noted that the total percentage shown in this table may exceed 100% due to rounding
** Recruitments for online interviews in Belgium, Czechia and Estonia are carried out by Kantar Belgium, Kantar Czechia and 
Kantar Estonia respectively.

TS2 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

N° OF CAPI N° OF CAWI
INTERVIEWS INTERVIEWS INTERVIEWS

TOTAL N°

Recruitment for online interviews 

The online design in each country differed based on what was 
feasible within the fieldwork period. Where feasible, the online 
sample  was  based  on  a  probabilistic  sample  design.  Those 
recruited to the online survey were recruited through a single 
mobile  frame  or  dual  frame  Random  Digit  Dialling  (RDD) 
design. In this way the entire phone owning population in each 
country had a non-zero chance of being sampled. The choice 
of whether to use a single mobile frame or dual frame (mobile 
and  landline)  was  dependent  on  the  countries’  landline 
infrastructure.  Where  the  landline  infrastructure  is  suitably 
advanced  to  support  a  significant  minority  of  residential 
households  with  landline  phones  a  dual  frame  design  is 
employed. The mix of mobile and landline sample is designed 
to maximise the representation of the responding sample. The 
RDD sample for both the mobile and landline sample is drawn 
from  the  country’s  telephone  numbering  plan.  The  landline 
sample  frame  is  stratified  by  NUTS3  regions  based  on  their 
prefix and the mobile by operator before a systematic random 
sample  of  numbers  is  generated  proportional  in  size  to  the 
total generatable numbers in each stratum. Respondents were 
recruited  using  this  sample  design  in  Belgium,  Czechia, 
Malta, Latvia and Slovenia.  

In  Finland  and  Denmark,  RDD  samples  were  not  used, 
instead  the  telephone  sample  was  drawn  from  the  country 
telephone  directory. 
In  these  countries  the  telephone 
directories  offer  comprehensive  coverage  of  the  phone 
owning  population,  storing  both  landline  and  mobile  phone 
numbers for each individual. 

COUNTRIES

Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechia
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Rep. Of Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

849
1,020
739
560
1,516
1,018
1,004
1,014
1,008
1,006
1,039
1,020
504

1,004
505
1,017
336
1,006
1,005
1,037
1,004
1,057
632
1,001
598
1070

167

296
463

1,001

169

368

477

1,016
1,020
1,035
1,023
1,516
1,018
1,004
1,014
1,008
1,006
1,039
1,020
504
1,001
1,004
505
1,017
505
1,006
1,005
1,037
1,004
1,057
1,000
1,001
1,075
1,070

TOTAL EU27

23,569

2,941

26,510

CAPI : Computer-Assisted Personal interviewing
CAWI : Computer-Assisted Web interviewing

Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic on fieldwork 

  Face-to-face interviewing  

Where  feasible,  interviews  were  conducted  face-to-face  in 
people's homes or on their door step and in the appropriate 
national language. In all countries and territories where face-
to-face  interviewing  was  feasible  CAPI  (Computer  Assisted 
Personal Interviewing) was used. For all interviews conducted 
face-to-face, hygiene and physical distancing measures have 
line  with  government 
been  respected  at  all  times 
regulations,  and  whenever  possible, 
interviews  were 
conducted outside homes, on doorsteps, to remain in open air 
and maintain social distance.  

in 

  Face-to-face and online interviewing  

In Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Malta, Slovenia and Finland 
face-to-face interviewing was feasible but it was not possible 
to reach the target number of face-to-face interviews within 
the  fieldwork  period  due  to  the 
impact  of  Covid-19 
restrictions: many potential respondents are reluctant to open 
their homes to interviewers, even if they respect hygiene rules 
and  physical  distancing,  such  as  wearing  masks  and  using 
hydroalcoholic  gel.  Therefore,  to  hit  the  target  number  of 
interviews within the fieldwork period, additional interviews 
were  conducted  online  with  Computer-Assisted  Web 
Interviewing (CAWI) technique. 

  Online interviewing  

In  Latvia,  face-to-face  interviews  were  not  feasible  at  all. 
Therefore  all  interviews  were  conducted  online  with  CAWI 
technique. 

TS3 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Response rates 

For  each  country  a  comparison  between  the  responding 
sample  and  the  universe  (i.e.  the  overall  population  in  the 
country)  is  carried  out.  Weights  are  used  to  match  the 
responding sample to the universe on gender by age, region 
and  degree  of  urbanisation.  For  European  estimates  (i.e.  EU 
average),  an  adjustment  is  made  to  the  individual  country 
weights,  weighting  them  up  or  down  to  reflect  their  15+ 
population as a proportion of the EU 15+ population.  

The response rates are calculated by dividing the total number 
of complete interviews with the number of all the addresses 
visited,  apart  from  ones  that  are  not  eligible  but  including 
those  where  eligibility  is  unknown.  For  Eurobarometer  96.2, 
the  response  rates  for  the  EU27  countries,  calculated  by 
Kantar, are: 

BE
BE*
BG
CZ
CZ*
DK
DK*
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY

48.7%
10.5%
45.4%
43.7%
53.9%
40.7%
14.2%
20.5%
41.1%
36.5%
28.1%
34.2%
32.1%
42.9%
22.3%
46.5%

LV*
LT
LU
HU
MT
MT*
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SI*
SK
FI*
SE

25.2%
42.1%
24.2%
64.0%
81.8%
28.0%
72.2%
44.1%
43.9%
37.9%
60.8%
45.5%
33.5%
64.0%
28.3%
67.3%

* CAWI response rates, without taking into 
account recruitment phase.

TS4 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Margins of error 

Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the 
accuracy  of  which,  everything  being  equal,  rests  upon  the 
sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples 
of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the 
following confidence limits:  

TS5 

 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Questionnaire 

Q1 

Generally  speaking,  would  you  say  that  there  are  more  immigrants  who  are  staying  legally  or 
illegally in (OUR COUNTRY)? (M) 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

There are more immigrants who are staying legally 

There are more immigrants who are staying illegally 

There are about the same number of legally and illegally staying immigrants 

You cannot tell whether immigrants are staying legally or illegally (SPONTANEOUS)  

DK 

1 QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Q2 

Generally speaking, do you think immigration from outside the EU is more of a problem or more 
of an opportunity for (OUR COUNTRY) today? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

Is more of a problem (M) 

Is more of an opportunity (M) 

Is equally a problem and an opportunity (M) 

Is neither a problem nor an opportunity (M) 

DK 

1 QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA2 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Q1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q3 

To your knowledge, what is the proportion of immigrants in the total population in (OUR COUNTRY)?  

(DO NOT SHOW SCREEN - DO NOT READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

0% to less than 3% 

3% to less than 6% 

6% to less than 9% 

9% to less than 12% 

12% to less than 15% 

15% to less than 20% 

20% to less than 25% 

25% to less than 35% 

35% to less than 50% 

50% or higher 

DK 

1 QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA3B  

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Q4 

Overall, to what extent do you think that you are well informed or not about immigration and integration 
related matters? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT –ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

Very well informed 

Fairly well informed 

Not very well informed 

Not at all informed 

DK 

1 QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Q2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q5 How do you predominantly/mainly obtain the relevant information on immigration and integration 
related matters ?  

( SHOW SCREEN – ROTATE 1 -5- READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY ) 

Newspapers/TV/radio (traditional mass media – local or national) 

Social media and networks  

Discussions with family and trusted friends 

Discussions with colleagues and acquantainces 

Observations on what is going on in my local area 

Other (do not mention) 

DK (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU NEW 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Q6 

On  average,  how  often  do  you  interact  socially  with  immigrants?  Interaction  can  mean  anything  from 
having a few minutes conversation to doing an activity together.  

( SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY ) 

Daily 

At least once a week 

At least once a month 

At least once a year 

Less often or never 

Not Applicable (SP.) 

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

1 QU  MODIFIED TREND EB88.2 QA5 (kept the question text and scale from the previous grid)  

Q3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q7 

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your… 

(SHOW SCREEN – ROTATE - ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

(READ OUT) 

Totally 
comfortable 

Somewhat 
comfortable 

Somewhat 
uncomfortable 

Totally 
uncomfortable 

Refusal 

 DK 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Manager 

Work 
colleague 

Neighbour 

Doctor 

Family 
member 
(including 
partner) 

6 

Friend 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA6 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

5 

6 

Q8 

Which of the following statement applies best to you? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

You have friends who are immigrants currently living in (OUR COUNTRY) 

You have family members who are immigrants currently living in (OUR COUNTRY) 

You  have  both  friends  and  family  members  who  are  immigrants  currently  living  in  (OUR 
COUNTRY) 

None 

Refusal 

 DK 

1 QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA7 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Q4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q9 

Generally speaking, how successful or not is the integration of most immigrants living… 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

Very successful 

Fairly 
successful 

Not very 
successful 

Not at all 
successful 

1 

2 

1Q 

In the city or 
area  where 
you live 

In (OUR 
COUNTRY) 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

TREND EB88.2 QA8 

DK 

There are 
no or 
almost no 
immigrants  
in… (SP) 

5 

5 

Q10 

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if you think that the situation of legal immigrants has improved, 
stayed the same or worsened in [our country] over the last 10 years? 

(READ OUT – ROTATION – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

Has improved 

Has stayed the 
same 

Has worsened 

DK 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Likelihood of male 
immigrants to have a job 

Likelihood of female 
immigrants to have a job 

Education levels of adult 
immigrants with long-term 
residence 

Education outcomes of 
children of immigrants 

Poverty rate among 
immigrants 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Q5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q11 

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please 
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “not at all important” and 10 means “extremely important”. 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT - ROTATE STATEMENTS 1 TO 9 - ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

Sharing (NATIONALITY) 
cultural traditions 

Feeling like a member of 
(NATIONALITY) society 

Being able to speak 
(COUNTRY LANGUAGE) / 
Being able to speak at least 
one of the official languages 
of (OUR COUNTRY) 

Being committed to the way 
of life in (OUR COUNTRY) by 
accepting the values and 
norms of society 

Being active in any 
association, organisation or 
taking part in local elections 
in (OUR COUNTRY) 

Contributing  to  the  welfare 
system by paying taxes 

Having (NATIONALITY) 
friends 

Having educational 
qualifications and skills that 
are sufficient to find a job 

9  

Acquiring (NATIONALITY) 
citizenship 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Not at all 
important 

Extremely 
important 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

DK 

11 

11 

11 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

11 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

11 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

11 

11 

11 

2 

3 

4  5 

6 

7  8 

9 

10 

11 

4.5QU 

MODIFIED EB88.2 QA10 (previously scale was: very/somewhat/not very/not at all 
important) 

Q6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q12 

Please  tell  for  each  of  the  following  issues  if  it  is,  in  your  view,  an  obstacle  or  not  for  the  successful 
integration  of  immigrants  in  (OUR  COUNTRY)?  Please  use  a  scale  from  1  to  10,  where  1  means  “not 
anobstacle at all” and 10 means “an enormous obstacle”.(M) 

(SHOW SCREEN WITH SCALE – READ OUT - ROTATE STATEMENTS 1 TO 10- ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Not an 
obstacle 
at all 

DK 

An 
enormous 
obstacle 

10 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Discrimination against 
immigrants 

Limited efforts by immigrants to 
integrate  

Difficulties in accessing long 
term residence permit 

Difficulties in finding a job 

Limited access to education, 
healthcare and social protection 

Limited interactions between 
immigrants and (NATIONALITY) 
citizens 

Negative portrayal of 
immigrants in the media 

Difficulties in bringing in family 
members  

Difficulties in finding adequate 
accommodation (N) 

10 

High concentration of 
immigrants in certain areas (N) 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

5QU 

MODIFIED TREND EB88.2 QA11_1 TO QA11_8 (STATEMENTS 9 and 10 are new) 

(previously the scale was “major/minor/not an obstacle at all”) 

Q7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q13 

In  your  opinion,  how  important  or  not  is  the  role  of  each  of  the  following  actors  for  the 
successful integration of immigrants? (M) Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 
“not at all important” and 10 means “extremely important”. (N) 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE ) 

1 = Not at all 
important 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 = 
Extremely 
important 

1 

2 

3 

The immigrants 
themselves 

(NATIONALITY) 
citizens 

The (NATIONALITY) 
government 

4 

The EU institutions 

5 

The authorities at 
local and regional 
level 

6 

The media  

7 

Education 
institutions (e.g. 
pre-school, schools, 
universities) 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

7 

8 

8 

8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 

10 

DK 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

8  Civil society actors 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

(e.g. NGOs, trade 
unions, religious 
and cultural 
institutions) 

9 

Employers 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Q8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q14 

Thinking about the successful integration of immigrants into the (NATIONALITY) society which 
of the following statements is closest to your personal view? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

Immigrants themselves are mostly responsible 

(NATIONALITY) society is mostly responsible  

Integration is a two-way process where immigrants and (NATIONALITY) society are both 
responsible  

DK 

1 QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA14 

Q15 

To what extent do you agree or not with the following statements? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Totally agree 

Tend to 
agree 

Tend to 
disagree 

Totally disagree 

DK 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

5 

1 

2 

Actively promoting 
the integration of 
immigrants is a 
necessary investment 
in the long run for 
(OUR COUNTRY) (M) 

The (NATIONALITY) 
government is doing 
enough to actively 
promote the 
integration of 
immigrants into our 
society (M) 

Q9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q16(a) In your view, how important is the issue of integration of immigrants (from outside the EU) 
for your national government 

Top priority – one of the top three issues of concern for the  
Government 

High priority, but not among the top issues of concern for the government  

Low priority, not among issues of concern for the government   

DK (spontaneous)  

1 QU NEW 

Q16(b) In your view, how high should the issue integration of immigrants (from outside the EU) be 
placed on the national government policy agenda? 

Higher than currently is the case 

Lower than currently is the case 

About the same as currently is the case 

DK (spontaneous)  

1 QU NEW 

Q17. How important do you think it is that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic 
in (OUR COUNTRY) take into account the integration needs of immigrants? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY ) 

Very important 

Somewhat important 

Not very important 

Not at all important 

I see no need to take account of the integration needs of immigrants (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK 

1  QU NEW 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Q10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Q18 

You’re now going to be asked about some questions about where you and your 
family were born. 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT -  ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

(PROGRAMMING  INSTRUCTION:  DISPLAY  '98'  ON  SCREEN  INSTEAD  OF  'REFUSAL', 
DISPLAY '99' INSTEAD OF 'DK'. 

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: PLEASE CODE ACCORDING TO WHAT THE COUNTRY IS 
NOW. FOR EXAMPLE, IF THE COUNTRY NO LONGER EXISTS OR HAS CHANGED NAME 
OR STATUS 

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: If respondent  says “the United Kingdom” please code 
into “Another country in Europe, not a Member of the EU “.) (N) 

Refusal  

 DK (SP.) 

Another 
country 
that is 
today a 
member of 
the EU 

Another 
country in 
Europe, not a 
Member of the 
EU (M)  

USA, 
Canada, 
Japan, 
Australia 
or New 
Zealand 

Anot
her 
coun
try 
outsi
de 
Euro
pe 

(OUR 
COU 
NTRY) 
or a 
place 
that is 
part of 
(OUR 
COU 
NTRY) 
today 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

You were born in… 

Your mother was 
born in… 

Your father was 
born in…  

Your grandmother 
on your mother’s 
side was born in… 

Your grandfather on 
your mother’s side 
was born in… 

Your grandmother 
on your father’s side 
was born in… 

Your grandfather on 
your father’s side 
was born in… 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3.5QU 

TREND EB88.2 QA18 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

6 

6 

5 

6 

5 

6 

5 

6 

5 

6 

5 

6 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Q11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

Tables 

QB1

Generally speaking, would you say that there are more immigrants who are staying legally or illegally in (OUR 
COUNTRY)?
(%)

s
a

y
l
l

a
g
e

l
l
i

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

y
n
a
m

s
a

t
s
a
e

l

t
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

y
l
l

a
g
e

l

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
a

e
r
e
h
t

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

10

7
2
-6
-1
6
4
7
13
9
12
11
8
22
17
15
16
15
9
9
6
2
7
-2
8
4
-2
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

57

53
60
47
15
44
31
39
86
63
64
61
80
80
42
53
39
60
57
32
50
57
47
53
46
44
20
12

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

5

3
15
2
1
5
8
3
0
7
8
4
2
2
0
7
7
5
6
2
5
3
17
15
3
11
3
4

y
l
l

a
g
e

l

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

e
r
a
o
h
w
s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
o
m
e
r
a

e
r
e
h
T

y
l
l

a
g
e

l
l
i

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

e
r
a
o
h
w
s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
o
m
e
r
a

e
r
e
h
T

d
n
a

y
l
l

a
g
e

l

f
o
r
e
b
m
u
n

e
m
a
s

e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a

e
r
a

e
r
e
h
T

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

y
l
l

a
g
e

l
l
i

g
n
i
y
a
t
s

e
r
a

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

r
e
h
t
e
h
w

l
l

e
t

t
o
n
n
a
c

u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

y
l
l

a
g
e

l
l
i

r
o

y
l
l

a
g
e

l

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

6

8
4
-2
2
7
5
10
3
6
8
1
1
3
13
-5
7
6
9
3
2
9
6
-4
-3
1
4
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

1
6
1
1
3
7
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
0
3
3
1
4
0
2
2
5
11
1
5
0
1

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

-4

-1
-12
-6
-1
-4
-3
-4
-3
-1
-3
-3
-4
2
-8
-6
1
-10
2
0
-10
-3
-9
-2
-2
-9
-1
0

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

-3

-8
7
14
3
-4
5
3
-8
-5
-6
-7
1
-20
5
-9
-15
0
-2
-9
1
10
-1
-1
-6
2
2
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

33

28
36
25
3
23
14
13
68
41
35
34
54
57
15
35
18
35
36
19
25
29
24
26
26
19
7
5

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

36

43
19
50
83
48
54
57
13
29
27
32
17
15
58
37
51
34
33
66
43
38
31
21
50
40
77
83

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

4

-1
-2
-4
-3
-1
-1
-3
10
3
4
10
7
19
4
20
9
9
0
6
4
-7
1
2
11
3
-6
-2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

24

25
24
22
12
21
17
26
18
22
29
27
26
23
27
18
21
25
21
13
25
28
23
27
20
25
13
7

T1 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB2

Generally speaking, do you think immigration from outside the EU is more of a problem or more of
an opportunity for (OUR COUNTRY) today?
(%)

l

m
e
b
o
r
p
a

f
o

e
r
o
m

s
I

y
t
i
n
u
t
r
o
p
p
o

n
a

f
o

e
r
o
m

s
I

n
a
d
n
a
m
e
b
o
r
p
a

l

y
l
l

a
u
q
e

s
I

y
t
i
n
u
t
r
o
p
p
o

n
a

r
o
n
m
e
b
o
r
p
a

l

r
e
h
t
i

e
n

s
I

y
t
i
n
u
t
r
o
p
p
o

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-7

-3
-3
-1
7
-8
9
-6
-3
-6
1
-12
-25
11
15
32
2
-15
-12
-1
-2
-7
-4
-11
2
-13
6
12

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

22

22
9
10
21
26
10
41
3
29
16
21
22
10
7
9
39
22
12
21
18
26
24
21
17
9
23
31

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

1
3
0
-5
2
-7
5
0
3
-1
10
16
0
-9
-17
6
13
1
-5
5
7
-8
10
-6
2
-5
-14

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

38

39
26
35
39
43
37
33
26
39
31
40
43
23
31
25
35
25
32
42
39
34
47
34
33
44
45
34

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

7

5
4
3
-2
5
3
3
3
6
-1
6
11
-6
7
-2
0
4
15
7
-1
6
15
8
7
16
0
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

8

6
9
7
8
3
5
6
10
10
12
11
9
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
7
9
4
18
10
4
3
3

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

-2
1
0
1
1
-3
0
0
-3
2
-3
1
-4
-9
-10
-7
-2
0
-1
-1
0
-1
-8
-2
-2
-1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

31

33
49
48
31
27
46
19
60
20
39
27
26
61
56
60
19
48
51
33
35
30
22
22
40
41
28
31

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1

0
7
0
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
3
5
0
2
1
1

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB3.1

To your knowledge, what is the proportion of
COUNTRY)?
(%)

immigrants in the total population in (OUR

6

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

o
t

0
m
o
r
F

2
1

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

o
t

6
m
o
r
F

5
2

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

o
t

2
1
m
o
r
F

e
r
o
m

r
o

5
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

-2

-8
15
0
-11
-19
9
2
9
2
-4
10
0
1
33
10
-5
5
1
2
-6
1
3
8
-2
6
-9
-8

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

24

22
15
34
43
25
21
22
29
14
23
15
25
18
16
24
21
27
22
29
17
33
20
18
21
20
36
36

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

8

2
9
17
11
3
9
4
15
4
5
7
11
7
5
6
4
13
11
4
1
20
12
9
6
5
11
4

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

30

42
13
22
28
35
16
38
39
35
31
16
37
37
15
12
24
15
31
25
47
21
26
9
35
12
15
40

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

13

17
8
12
11
17
10
22
14
17
13
9
17
17
6
-3
10
5
22
5
16
9
15
4
11
5
8
13

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

14

24
5
6
5
15
7
16
7
18
19
11
20
21
9
4
35
4
17
11
22
2
7
4
25
7
2
7

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

-3

-5
2
-2
-3
1
-4
-1
-14
2
-1
3
-11
5
-7
-2
-1
-2
6
-5
-3
-3
-2
-3
-1
3
-1
-2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

19

9
30
35
22
16
40
19
14
6
14
48
8
10
60
46
11
44
14
33
7
32
7
44
15
40
41
15

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

13

3
37
3
2
9
16
5
11
27
13
10
10
14
0
14
9
10
16
2
7
12
40
25
4
21
6
2

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB4

Overall, to what extent do you think that you are well informed or not about immigration and integration related matters?
(%)

'

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

I

l
l

e
W

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

5
-1
3
-5
-2
-4
8
-6
9
2
6
-3
12
-3
-2
-2
2
1
-2
-4
3
0
-3
-14
2
3
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

38

39
16
27
68
52
26
43
25
35
30
24
31
40
24
30
48
35
36
54
38
42
23
20
28
24
38
69

l
l

e
w

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

i

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

-5
3
-2
6
3
4
-8
6
-9
-2
-5
7
-12
4
3
3
-1
1
2
5
0
1
2
15
0
-3
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

62

61
83
73
32
48
73
56
75
65
69
76
69
60
76
70
52
65
63
46
61
57
77
79
72
76
62
31

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

0

0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

i

l
l

e
w
y
r
e
V

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

-2
-2
1
-5
-1
2
0
-2
-1
1
-2
0
1
-1
0
0
-2
-1
2
1
-2
0
-1
-3
0
1
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

4

3
1
2
10
6
4
7
3
3
3
1
2
5
2
2
6
2
3
7
7
2
1
1
2
2
4
13

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

i

l
l

e
w
y
l
r
i
a
F

l
l

e
w
y
r
e
v

t
o
N

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

i

d
e
m
r
o
f
n

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

7
1
2
0
-1
-6
8
-4
10
1
8
-3
11
-2
-2
-2
4
2
-4
-5
5
0
-2
-11
2
2
-4

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

49

54
51
51
30
42
53
40
59
52
55
57
56
54
64
57
44
51
48
43
47
42
54
46
59
52
59
28

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

-2
2
1
6
4
-3
1
8
-5
3
9
8
1
13
4
2
3
5
1
7
-2
6
0
16
3
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

13

7
32
22
2
6
20
16
16
13
14
19
13
6
12
13
8
14
15
3
14
15
23
33
13
24
3
3

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-3
1
-3
0
-1
7
-9
-2
-4
-5
-14
-1
-13
-9
-1
1
-4
-4
1
-2
2
-5
2
-1
-3
-3
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

34

36
15
25
58
46
22
36
22
32
27
23
29
35
22
28
42
33
33
47
31
40
22
19
26
22
34
56

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB5

How do you predominantly/mainly obtain the relevant
immigration and integration related matters?
(%)

information on

s
s
a
m

l

i

a
n
o
i
t
i
d
a
r
t
(
o
d
a
r
/
V
T
/
s
r
e
p
a
p
s
w
e
N

)
l
a
n
o
i
t
a
n
r
o

l

a
c
o

l

–

i

a
d
e
m

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

56

58
62
53
76
58
60
46
34
54
60
49
58
43
63
70
50
47
41
79
43
47
56
48
49
44
76
75

s
d
n
e
i
r
f
d
e
t
s
u
r
t
d
n
a

y
l
i

m
a
f

h
t
i

w
s
n
o
i
s
s
u
c
s
i
D

10

8
7
9
6
9
6
12
19
12
7
10
12
7
3
4
10
18
9
3
14
14
10
14
8
11
4
4

d
n
a

s
e
u
g
a
e

l
l

o
c

h
t
i

w
s
n
o
i
s
s
u
c
s
i
D

i

s
e
c
n
a
t
n
a
u
q
c
a

y
m
n

i

n
o
g
n
o
g
s
i

i

t
a
h
w
n
o
s
n
o
i
t
a
v
r
e
s
b
O

a
e
r
a

l

a
c
o

l

7

6
6
6
4
6
7
9
6
5
6
7
7
8
4
3
7
9
8
3
12
10
4
10
8
8
4
5

10

11
8
11
3
7
7
9
15
12
10
9
14
12
7
3
11
7
11
5
10
13
20
9
15
10
5
3

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

1

0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
2
2
1
0
1

s
k
r
o
w
t
e
n
d
n
a

i

a
d
e
m

l

a
i
c
o
S

15

16
11
20
11
18
16
23
24
15
15
24
8
29
23
20
22
18
31
9
18
15
4
12
17
24
11
11

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1
5
1
0
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
3
5
1
2
0
1

T5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB6

On average, how often do you interact socially with immigrants? Interaction can mean anything
from having a few minutes conversation to doing an activity together.
(%)

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1
3
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
2
1
1
0
1
0
0

'

y
l

k
e
e
W

'

l

a
t
o
T

40

47
4
24
47
44
21
60
51
64
38
14
47
43
12
8
47
13
35
36
50
22
48
4
33
14
30
62

l

e
b
a
c
i
l

p
p
a

t
o
N

1

0
7
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
2
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
4
0
0

k
e
e
w
a

e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

22

26
3
14
26
25
13
28
30
29
18
9
27
20
9
6
26
10
20
25
28
14
24
3
16
9
22
33

h
t
n
o
m
a

e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

18

20
8
17
22
22
14
18
21
14
17
17
20
17
14
6
21
11
21
23
22
22
15
12
16
21
23
21

y
l
i

a
D

18

21
1
10
21
19
8
32
21
35
20
5
20
23
3
2
21
3
15
11
22
8
24
1
17
5
8
29

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

r
e
v
e
n
r
o

n
e
t
f
o
s
s
e
L

31

22
72
46
19
25
49
17
23
17
35
56
25
30
60
76
18
64
34
26
17
41
27
69
42
47
29
10

r
a
e
y

a

e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

9

10
6
13
12
8
12
4
4
5
8
11
8
9
14
8
11
10
9
14
8
12
9
12
9
13
18
7

T6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB7.1

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your…
Manager (%)

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

5

-1
6
12
5
10
-2
14
11
9
9
-2
15
-6
-9
-2
8
1
11
7
4
4
3
1
3
17
5
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

30

45
27
37
25
29
34
14
23
25
25
32
36
25
36
39
26
28
40
15
26
43
38
26
23
30
32
14

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

4
12
2
-1
-7
-2
-10
0
-8
-3
2
0
6
7
-3
-3
10
11
-3
-4
4
3
-5
-1
-2
1
-2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

13

12
21
24
8
13
17
3
17
4
7
22
17
19
31
17
4
29
13
3
19
25
4
23
15
16
11
3

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-1
-1
-11
1
-2
-2
-2
-8
-1
-3
2
-4
1
11
-1
-2
-3
-6
-3
-7
-4
-4
0
-1
-6
-5
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

6

4
20
10
4
4
11
1
18
1
5
12
8
15
14
11
5
26
6
2
13
6
0
15
9
8
6
2

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-2
-13
-4
0
-1
2
0
-4
-1
-2
-3
-6
-4
2
5
1
-4
-6
1
4
-3
-1
-1
1
-8
-1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

43

36
16
23
61
42
19
79
38
64
57
28
31
34
19
24
60
8
35
77
30
19
54
24
51
37
43
77

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

2
1
2
1
5
8
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
0
3
2
4
2
1
4
4
1
2
1
4
2
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

3

2
1
2
1
5
8
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
0
3
2
4
2
1
4
4
1
2
1
4
2
1

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
C

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
U

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

5

3
18
14
4
3
-4
4
11
1
6
0
15
0
-2
-5
5
11
22
4
0
8
6
-4
2
15
6
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

19

16
41
34
12
17
28
4
35
5
12
34
25
34
45
28
9
55
19
5
32
31
4
38
24
24
17
5

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-4

-3
-14
-15
1
-3
0
-2
-12
-2
-5
-1
-10
-3
13
4
-1
-7
-12
-2
-3
-7
-5
-1
0
-14
-6
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

73

81
43
60
86
71
53
93
61
89
82
60
67
59
55
63
86
36
75
92
56
62
92
50
74
67
75
91

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

5

1
15
4
1
7
11
2
2
3
4
4
5
6
0
6
3
5
4
2
8
3
3
10
1
5
6
3

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB7.2

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your…
Work colleague (%)

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

2
1
2
1
5
8
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
0
3
1
4
2
1
4
2
1
2
1
4
1
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

3

2
1
2
1
5
8
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
0
3
1
4
2
1
4
2
1
2
1
4
1
1

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-1
-12
-1
0
-1
3
0
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-3
-1
4
-1
2
-4
0
3
-2
0
1
0
-4
-1
-1

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
C

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
U

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

1
14
10
2
3
-7
2
2
0
2
2
13
2
4
-11
3
9
16
3
-3
4
4
-4
2
9
4
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

12

8
28
16
5
9
19
3
23
2
7
27
15
22
23
20
4
51
11
2
21
21
1
31
15
18
10
2

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-1
-10
-10
1
-4
2
-1
-1
-2
-2
-1
-8
-2
5
9
0
-4
-11
-1
1
-1
-3
1
-1
-8
-2
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

81

89
57
79
93
81
64
94
74
92
87
69
78
74
77
72
93
41
83
96
68
75
96
59
83
74
85
96

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

4

1
14
3
1
5
9
2
1
3
4
2
4
3
0
5
2
4
4
1
7
2
2
8
1
4
4
1

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

y

l
l

a
t
o
T

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

y

l
l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

4

3
10
16
6
11
-3
11
8
7
7
-2
16
-8
-6
-1
8
1
10
6
7
4
1
1
4
18
7
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

33

43
34
45
18
33
41
14
27
26
26
38
40
30
48
42
26
30
43
11
31
51
39
32
24
31
32
10

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-2
4
-6
-4
-8
-4
-9
-6
-7
-5
4
-3
10
10
-10
-5
8
6
-3
-10
0
3
-5
-2
-9
-3
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

8

7
18
11
4
7
12
2
12
2
5
17
10
14
18
13
3
28
8
1
13
18
1
17
11
11
8
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

48

46
23
34
75
48
23
80
47
66
61
31
38
44
29
30
67
11
40
85
37
24
57
27
59
43
53
86

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

0
2
-9
1
-3
-1
-1
-2
-1
0
2
-4
1
6
5
1
-6
-7
-1
-2
1
-3
0
-1
-4
-1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

4

1
10
5
1
2
7
1
11
0
2
10
5
8
5
7
1
23
3
1
8
3
0
14
4
7
2
0

T8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB7.3

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your…
Neighbour (%)

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

0
1
1
0
3
2
0
1
2
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
3
1
0
3
2
1
1
0
4
1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

0
1
1
0
3
2
0
1
2
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
3
1
0
3
2
1
1
0
4
1
0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

1
14
3
1
3
9
1
0
2
1
2
1
1
0
3
2
4
3
1
5
3
1
6
1
6
2
0

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

0
-11
0
0
0
4
0
0
-2
-1
-4
-4
1
0
6
-1
-1
-4
0
4
-1
0
1
2
-6
1
0

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
C

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
U

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

0
11
11
-1
2
-1
2
-1
1
5
2
12
-3
-7
-11
3
8
9
1
-1
5
3
-6
0
8
2
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

16

13
33
25
9
15
26
2
21
3
9
29
18
23
36
26
4
55
21
4
28
23
1
37
20
24
17
4

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

0
-9
-11
1
-2
0
-2
1
-3
-4
-2
-8
2
13
11
-2
-5
-7
-1
0
-4
-3
3
1
-10
-1
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

80

86
52
71
90
79
63
97
78
93
90
68
80
75
64
70
94
38
75
95
64
72
97
56
79
66
80
96

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

4

1
6
13
3
10
0
11
10
6
8
-2
15
-10
-10
-1
9
0
7
2
6
3
2
1
2
15
4
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

33

44
32
42
23
33
39
16
27
28
28
37
43
32
40
42
27
29
40
17
30
49
39
30
24
29
34
13

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-1
5
-2
-4
-8
-1
-9
-11
-5
-3
4
-3
7
3
-10
-6
8
2
-1
-7
2
1
-7
-2
-7
-2
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

11

10
21
17
7
12
17
1
14
3
6
19
13
15
29
16
3
29
16
3
17
19
1
22
13
16
12
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

47

42
20
29
67
46
24
81
51
65
62
31
37
43
24
28
67
9
35
78
34
23
58
26
55
37
46
83

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

0
2
-11
1
-2
-4
-2
1
-1
-3
2
-4
1
13
5
-1
-4
-3
-1
-4
-3
-3
2
-1
-4
-2
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

5

3
12
8
2
3
9
1
7
0
3
10
5
8
7
10
1
26
5
1
11
4
0
15
7
8
5
1

T9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB7.4

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your…
Doctor (%)

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

-1
10
17
1
10
0
12
8
5
6
-4
13
-8
-11
-3
7
1
6
2
3
5
2
0
3
15
4
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

32

43
29
37
27
32
35
15
26
27
29
34
39
21
41
40
28
30
40
16
27
45
37
29
23
28
36
18

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

3
5
-7
0
-9
-4
-9
0
-4
0
4
-1
0
8
-6
-2
6
8
0
-9
-1
3
-3
-2
-9
2
-3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

12

15
18
17
12
9
19
2
14
3
6
20
19
16
25
18
3
27
16
4
17
22
5
21
12
14
17
5

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

0
-4
-9
0
-4
-2
-2
-4
-2
-3
3
-3
4
9
3
-4
-4
-5
-1
0
0
-5
-2
-2
-2
-6
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

6

4
14
9
5
4
10
1
12
1
4
12
8
14
9
11
4
24
9
1
15
5
1
15
7
8
6
2

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-2
-10
-2
0
1
2
0
-4
-1
-3
-4
-4
0
0
5
0
0
-7
-1
5
-3
0
1
1
-5
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

46

37
24
33
55
49
23
82
46
65
60
29
31
44
24
26
64
12
31
78
34
23
55
27
57
42
39
75

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

0
1
1
0
3
2
0
1
2
0
2
1
1
0
1
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
1
1
4
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

0
1
1
0
3
2
0
1
2
0
2
1
1
0
1
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
1
1
4
0
0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

1
14
3
1
3
11
0
1
2
1
3
2
4
1
4
1
4
3
1
4
3
2
7
0
4
2
0

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
C

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
U

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

2
15
10
1
1
-4
3
8
1
6
0
12
-8
-3
-9
5
7
14
2
-6
4
5
-3
1
6
6
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

18

19
32
26
17
13
29
3
26
4
10
32
27
30
34
29
7
51
25
5
32
27
6
36
19
22
23
7

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-2
-14
-11
0
-3
0
-2
-8
-3
-6
-1
-7
4
9
8
-4
-4
-12
-2
5
-3
-5
-1
-1
-7
-6
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

78

80
53
70
82
81
58
97
72
92
89
63
70
65
65
66
92
42
71
94
61
68
92
56
80
70
75
93

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB7.5

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your…
Family member (including partner) (%)

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

4

0
6
11
5
7
0
15
11
7
8
-6
11
-8
-9
-3
6
0
4
2
7
5
3
0
3
17
3
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

30

44
22
34
24
29
34
15
22
26
27
28
36
19
36
35
26
25
36
14
25
44
38
29
23
25
30
15

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

6
8
1
0
-6
4
-8
2
-5
0
2
0
1
10
-4
-4
7
2
-1
-7
2
2
1
1
-6
1
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

13

13
19
20
10
13
13
3
20
4
8
20
20
22
24
19
4
29
19
3
19
23
2
20
13
18
14
4

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-2
0
-10
1
-3
-3
-3
-6
-2
-3
5
0
5
8
-1
-1
0
1
-1
-2
-2
-3
-1
-1
-3
-2
-3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

7

4
23
12
5
6
10
0
19
1
4
17
11
25
16
16
4
28
10
1
14
5
0
16
8
10
8
3

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-3
-13
-2
0
1
-2
-3
-6
-1
-3
-4
-4
0
0
8
1
-2
-4
0
2
-3
-1
-3
0
-7
-1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

44

38
15
26
59
44
27
79
36
65
59
27
28
26
24
25
64
9
30
80
33
21
57
25
55
35
41
76

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

0
2
3
1
3
3
1
2
2
0
3
2
2
0
1
0
4
2
1
3
4
1
2
0
4
1
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

0
2
3
1
3
3
1
2
2
0
3
2
2
0
1
0
4
2
1
3
4
1
2
0
4
1
1

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

4

1
19
5
1
5
13
2
1
2
2
5
3
6
0
4
2
5
3
1
6
3
2
8
1
8
6
1

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
C

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
U

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

4

6
14
12
5
1
4
7
13
2
8
-4
11
-7
1
-7
2
7
6
1
0
7
5
1
4
11
4
4

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

20

17
42
32
15
19
23
3
39
5
12
37
31
47
40
35
8
57
29
4
33
28
2
36
21
28
22
7

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-3

-5
-13
-12
1
-2
-5
-6
-12
-3
-6
1
-4
5
8
7
0
-2
-3
-1
0
-5
-4
-4
-1
-10
-3
-3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

74

82
37
60
83
73
61
94
58
91
86
55
64
45
60
60
90
34
66
94
58
65
95
54
78
60
71
91

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB7.6

Would you personally feel comfortable or uncomfortable having an immigrant as your…
Friend (%)

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
u

y
l
l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

3
11
18
3
4
-5
12
12
4
7
-5
14
-12
-5
-2
6
2
9
2
7
3
1
2
7
17
4
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

32

42
34
41
21
32
40
15
24
27
27
38
42
33
45
41
25
31
41
9
29
48
38
31
19
29
32
11

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

2
3
-7
0
-5
5
-8
-9
-5
-3
8
-5
13
12
-5
-6
8
2
-1
-8
0
1
-6
-6
-8
1
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

9

8
16
8
4
7
9
2
14
3
5
17
12
15
14
14
3
25
11
2
13
19
1
19
9
13
7
1

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

-2
0
-10
1
0
-2
-3
-2
0
1
3
-1
3
3
5
2
-2
-4
0
-2
0
-2
1
0
-1
-1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

4

2
11
5
1
3
6
1
10
0
3
9
5
8
6
7
1
24
4
1
9
4
0
13
5
8
2
0

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-2
-11
-1
-2
0
1
0
0
-1
-2
-6
-3
-5
-4
2
0
-4
-5
0
2
-2
0
0
1
-6
-1
-2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

50

47
24
40
73
51
33
81
50
66
64
32
39
41
35
33
70
12
40
87
40
24
59
29
66
42
57
87

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

0
1
1
0
3
3
0
1
2
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
1
0
4
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

0
1
1
0
3
3
0
1
2
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
1
0
4
0
0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

3

1
14
5
1
4
9
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
0
4
1
5
3
1
6
3
2
7
1
4
2
1

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
C

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

l

e
b
a
t
r
o
f
m
o
c
n
U

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

5
14
11
3
-1
0
4
3
-1
4
3
9
1
7
-7
0
10
11
1
-1
3
2
-4
1
9
5
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

13

10
27
13
5
10
15
3
24
3
8
26
17
23
20
21
4
49
15
3
22
23
1
32
14
21
9
1

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-4
-11
-11
-1
0
-1
-3
-2
-1
-1
-3
-4
-2
-1
7
2
-6
-9
0
0
-2
-2
1
1
-7
-2
-2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

82

89
58
81
94
83
73
96
74
93
91
70
81
74
80
74
95
43
81
96
69
72
97
60
85
71
89
98

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB8

Which of the following statements applies best to you?
(%)

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
a
o
h
w
s
d
n
e
i
r
f

e
v
a
h

u
o
Y

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
a
o
h
w
s
r
e
b
m
e
m
y
l
i

m
a
f

e
v
a
h

u
o
Y

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

s
r
e
b
m
e
m
y
l
i

m
a
f
d
n
a

s
d
n
e
i
r
f

h
t
o
b

e
v
a
h

u
o
Y

R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

e
r
a
o
h
w

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

15

20
16
36
26
17
14
19
15
10
7
18
30
6
42
3
12
22
34
20
9
16
6
8
21
13
24
10

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

9

15
3
6
7
7
2
7
4
4
9
7
10
3
3
2
13
6
7
9
12
15
7
17
4
6
5
5

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

5

7
3
2
2
2
0
3
3
0
3
5
7
-3
0
0
7
3
3
1
6
9
3
16
-2
4
0
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

11

14
3
6
9
11
5
16
5
17
15
13
7
5
10
7
24
5
3
11
14
7
12
7
13
8
5
21

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

42

54
21
54
56
43
29
59
44
50
37
30
57
34
55
14
43
31
54
44
37
28
44
13
57
28
57
58

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

e
n
o
N

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-22

-27
-22
-42
-28
-23
-17
-26
-18
-14
-14
-32
-41
-4
-48
-5
-24
-31
-38
-21
-22
-30
-14
-30
-25
-25
-25
-15

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

37

17
70
34
27
37
60
18
47
28
38
45
24
56
31
76
19
55
35
35
35
48
36
61
24
54
32
15

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

2

0
2
4
-1
3
0
4
0
3
3
5
3
-1
5
1
5
3
0
-1
6
3
4
5
4
5
0
3

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

l

a
s
u
f
e
R

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

0

0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1

0
2
0
1
1
3
0
0
1
1
3
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1

y
l
i

m
a
f

r
o
s
d
n
e
i
r
f

t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

t
s
a
e

l

t
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
R
U
O

(

n

i

g
n
i
v
i
l

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

20

27
19
38
28
19
14
22
18
10
10
23
37
3
42
3
19
25
37
21
15
25
9
24
19
17
24
11

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

51

69
24
60
63
50
31
66
48
54
46
37
67
37
58
16
56
37
61
53
49
43
51
30
61
34
62
63

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB9.1

Generally speaking, how successful or not is the integration of most immigrants living…
In the city or area where you live (%)

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

y
r
e
V

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

y
l
r
i
a
F

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

y
r
e
v

t
o
N

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

o
n

t
s
o
m
a

l

r
o
o
n

e
r
a

e
r
e
h
T

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

…
n

i

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

0
1
1
-1
0
1
0
0
1
2
-2
3
-2
-3
0
-5
-1
3
1
2
-1
1
3
-5
-1
1
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

42

55
22
52
54
40
36
58
45
55
35
35
43
38
35
28
56
30
44
44
37
39
58
28
53
41
48
37

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

6
9
6
4
0
10
4
6
-1
-2
-4
11
5
10
-1
12
5
11
-2
-1
2
1
1
4
4
-1
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

28

27
17
23
26
33
24
11
35
19
30
38
35
33
45
22
15
28
31
31
25
22
10
26
26
17
32
39

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

-5
3
-4
3
-3
-2
-2
0
0
3
14
-4
-1
18
2
-4
3
1
0
-4
0
0
6
6
-1
4
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

8

7
11
5
4
8
7
2
12
3
8
9
11
16
16
7
3
21
9
4
10
9
1
13
9
7
5
15

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-1
-4
-2
0
1
-2
-1
-4
-1
-1
-3
-7
5
6
0
-1
-4
-6
-1
1
1
0
-3
3
-4
2
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

3

2
12
3
2
3
5
2
0
3
4
5
1
0
0
17
2
5
3
3
4
6
2
5
2
7
1
0

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

0
-9
-1
-3
0
-8
0
-1
0
-3
0
-1
-4
-5
0
-1
-2
-4
-2
1
2
-1
-8
-5
3
-2
-2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

8

6
5
7
10
6
4
22
7
14
6
5
6
5
3
2
12
3
7
6
16
4
15
8
7
5
8
4

'
l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

6
10
7
3
0
11
4
6
0
0
-6
14
3
7
-1
7
4
14
-1
1
1
2
4
-1
3
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

36

34
28
28
30
41
31
13
47
22
38
47
46
49
61
29
18
49
40
35
35
31
11
39
35
24
37
54

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

-6
-1
-6
3
-2
-4
-3
-4
-1
2
11
-11
4
24
2
-5
-1
-5
-1
-3
1
0
3
9
-5
6
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

50

61
27
59
64
46
40
80
52
69
41
40
49
43
38
30
68
33
51
50
53
43
73
36
60
46
56
41

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

11

3
33
10
4
10
24
5
1
6
17
8
4
8
1
24
12
13
6
12
8
20
14
20
3
23
6
5

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB9.2

Generally speaking, how successful or not is the integration of most immigrants living…
In (OUR COUNTRY) (%)

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

y
r
e
V

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

y
l
r
i
a
F

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

y
r
e
v

t
o
N

l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

o
n

t
s
o
m
a

l

r
o
o
n

e
r
a

e
r
e
h
T

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

…
n

i

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

1
1
2
0
2
1
0
-1
-1
1
-2
2
-2
-2
1
-5
0
2
1
0
0
1
3
-5
0
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

37

40
25
48
52
34
33
57
35
48
27
36
37
36
28
32
55
29
42
40
30
42
59
30
54
42
45
24

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

3
8
7
7
5
14
3
7
2
2
-2
13
4
6
0
12
0
6
0
-5
6
-1
-1
0
4
-4
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

37

44
24
27
36
43
33
13
42
31
48
41
41
35
54
39
18
32
36
44
37
23
12
27
28
20
42
52

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-2
0
-9
-5
-11
-13
-2
1
2
0
12
-1
-3
11
0
-4
3
0
-3
1
-8
0
-1
5
-3
3
-3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

10

9
13
6
6
9
9
2
16
4
12
8
12
18
15
9
5
23
8
5
14
9
2
11
10
7
6
20

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-1

-3
-11
-1
1
0
-6
-1
-5
-1
-4
-3
-9
6
4
2
0
-3
-5
-1
4
1
1
-2
4
-5
2
2

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

1
4
3
0
2
1
2
0
1
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
1
1
5
0
2
0
6
0
0

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

0
0
0
-1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
-1
0
-1
-2
-1
1
-1
0
0
1
-1
-2
-1
4
-1
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

5

4
4
6
5
4
3
22
5
8
3
5
5
5
2
2
12
3
7
3
12
3
14
9
5
4
3
1

'
l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
l

u
f
s
s
e
c
c
u
s

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

3

4
9
9
7
7
15
3
6
1
3
-4
15
2
4
1
7
0
8
1
-5
6
0
2
-5
4
-4
1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

47

53
37
33
42
52
42
15
58
35
60
49
53
53
69
48
23
55
44
49
51
32
14
38
38
27
48
72

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-3

-5
-11
-10
-4
-11
-19
-3
-4
1
-4
9
-10
3
15
2
-4
0
-5
-4
5
-7
1
-3
9
-8
5
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

42

44
29
54
57
38
36
79
40
56
30
41
42
41
30
34
67
32
49
43
42
45
73
39
59
46
48
25

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

9

2
30
10
1
8
21
4
2
8
9
7
4
6
1
17
10
10
6
7
6
18
13
21
3
21
4
3

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB10.1

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if
you think that the situation of legal immigrants has
improved, stayed the same or worsened in (OUR
COUNTRY) over the last 10 years?
Likelihood of male immigrants to have a job (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
n
e
s
r
o
w
s
a
H

18

20
12
8
7
18
4
4
15
18
31
9
19
6
10
6
11
15
5
21
26
12
4
13
13
18
12
32

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

10

4
38
8
4
12
22
6
1
6
12
8
4
6
2
19
18
10
8
7
6
15
17
19
4
17
8
9

e
m
a
s

e
h
t
d
e
y
a
t
s

s
a
H

39

46
33
40
45
40
24
25
31
31
37
49
44
25
61
29
42
55
23
38
41
42
21
37
42
40
47
38

d
e
v
o
r
p
m

i

s
a
H

33

30
17
44
44
30
50
65
53
45
20
34
33
63
27
46
29
20
64
34
27
31
58
31
41
25
33
21

T16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB10.2

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if
you think that the situation of legal immigrants has
improved, stayed the same or worsened in (OUR
COUNTRY) over the last 10 years?
Likelihood of female immigrants to have a job
(%)

e
m
a
s

e
h
t
d
e
y
a
t
s

s
a
H

39

43
34
43
43
38
27
27
37
33
36
55
46
31
64
37
43
55
31
30
45
43
24
40
49
41
46
30

d
e
n
e
s
r
o
w
s
a
H

20

22
13
9
14
23
5
5
14
19
34
10
21
12
13
7
15
17
11
15
27
12
5
12
18
19
12
33

d
e
v
o
r
p
m

i

s
a
H

30

31
14
38
39
26
41
62
47
41
16
24
29
47
21
35
25
17
45
49
23
29
54
29
28
22
34
30

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

11

4
39
10
4
13
27
6
2
7
14
11
4
10
2
21
17
11
13
6
5
16
17
19
5
18
8
7

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB10.3

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if
you think that the situation of legal immigrants has
improved, stayed the same or worsened in (OUR
COUNTRY) over the last 10 years?
Education levels of adult immigrants with long-
term residence (%)

e
m
a
s

e
h
t
d
e
y
a
t
s

s
a
H

40

43
35
49
42
37
27
25
39
37
35
54
45
31
65
39
35
58
35
39
42
44
24
46
49
43
43
38

d
e
n
e
s
r
o
w
s
a
H

13

15
8
8
6
16
5
3
6
6
21
7
14
8
10
4
5
14
5
10
21
10
3
10
15
16
9
16

d
e
v
o
r
p
m

i

s
a
H

34

38
14
29
47
34
34
66
51
44
27
28
36
49
23
29
43
16
45
40
31
27
46
24
30
21
39
33

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

13

4
43
14
5
13
34
6
4
13
17
11
5
12
2
28
17
12
15
11
6
19
27
20
6
20
9
13

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB10.4

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if
you think that the situation of legal immigrants has
improved, stayed the same or worsened in (OUR
COUNTRY) over the last 10 years?
Education outcomes of children of immigrants
(%)

e
m
a
s

e
h
t
d
e
y
a
t
s

s
a
H

34

38
33
42
29
30
20
21
24
32
30
47
39
23
65
34
28
56
28
25
34
42
18
42
39
39
35
27

d
e
n
e
s
r
o
w
s
a
H

13

18
7
7
6
15
4
2
3
5
21
8
11
9
11
5
6
12
6
11
19
11
3
11
12
15
8
34

d
e
v
o
r
p
m

i

s
a
H

39

39
16
34
61
44
40
71
69
52
27
34
44
53
22
30
41
18
51
56
42
27
47
25
43
22
46
27

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

14

5
44
17
4
11
36
6
4
11
22
11
6
15
2
31
25
14
15
8
5
20
32
22
6
24
11
12

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB10.5

For each of the following aspects, please tell us if
you think that the situation of legal immigrants has
improved, stayed the same or worsened in (OUR
COUNTRY) over the last 10 years?
Poverty rate among immigrants (%)

e
m
a
s

e
h
t
d
e
y
a
t
s

s
a
H

39

46
35
41
51
40
25
28
31
32
35
52
44
26
68
36
31
54
38
42
42
45
19
43
42
42
52
35

d
e
n
e
s
r
o
w
s
a
H

22

27
10
8
10
24
4
6
16
18
36
12
22
13
11
6
22
16
12
36
23
10
11
12
18
16
7
39

d
e
v
o
r
p
m

i

s
a
H

26

23
13
38
31
21
40
58
51
40
16
25
29
55
19
29
25
17
35
12
28
27
45
25
35
23
31
15

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

13

4
42
13
8
15
31
8
2
10
13
11
5
6
2
29
22
13
15
10
7
18
25
20
5
19
10
11

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.1

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not at all important' and 10 means 'extremely important'.
Sharing (NATIONALITY) cultural traditions (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

3

4
2
3
4
5
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
6
7
3
5
2
4
3
2
2
1
4
5
6
4
8

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

3

2
1
3
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
4
2
4
3
2
4
4
5

5

6
2
6
7
9
2
3
2
2
4
3
2
6
5
3
7
3
4
6
5
4
7
6
3
5
6
11

6

6
3
5
9
9
2
3
3
3
3
6
4
3
6
3
6
4
6
10
6
7
3
8
6
6
8
8

13

14
9
14
15
17
10
9
8
8
14
15
8
10
18
12
18
9
11
16
11
14
6
10
14
19
16
18

10

12
10
8
12
12
7
9
7
10
7
11
10
7
14
10
11
10
5
17
9
13
8
10
11
10
15
12

15

18
13
10
14
11
12
12
12
20
13
12
19
12
17
16
13
16
10
17
12
18
14
13
13
14
14
12

17

18
15
13
13
12
14
16
19
20
21
15
21
17
15
14
15
17
15
16
16
15
19
13
15
11
16
11

11

9
12
12
7
10
15
17
17
17
9
12
16
17
8
13
12
15
18
5
14
10
10
10
9
9
7
4

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y

l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

16

10
30
25
14
10
29
27
29
16
21
20
15
18
8
21
9
22
23
7
21
13
25
17
22
13
7
9

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.1

People have different views about what it means to 
be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not 
at all important' and 10 means 'extremely 
important'.
Sharing (NATIONALITY) cultural traditions (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

23

26
19
22
27
29
17
18
15
18
21
26
18
17
32
22
29
19
16
33
20
27
14
20
25
29
31
30

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

59

55
70
60
48
43
70
72
77
73
64
59
71
64
48
64
49
70
66
45
63
56
68
53
59
47
44
36

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1
3
1
1
1
4
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
2
3
6
0
3
3
2

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

17

18
8
17
24
27
9
10
8
8
13
14
10
18
20
12
21
11
17
22
17
15
15
21
16
21
22
32

T22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.2

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not at all important' and 10 means 'extremely important'.
Feeling like a member of (NATIONALITY) society (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
1
2
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
2
2
1
3
1
2
2
0
3
3
3
1
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
0
3
1
0
3
1
1
0
0

2

2
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
4
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
0
6
1
2
1
0

3

2
3
4
0
4
2
1
1
1
1
7
3
4
4
1
5
3
4
2
3
5
0
7
3
2
2
1

8

10
6
11
4
8
7
7
3
5
9
11
6
12
13
8
8
7
9
2
7
12
3
11
9
13
6
3

8

10
7
7
4
9
5
6
4
7
6
7
10
7
11
8
13
8
7
4
6
11
5
9
9
10
4
3

15

21
13
14
10
14
9
12
10
18
14
8
18
14
19
15
17
13
10
19
12
20
12
14
13
17
12
10

20

22
19
14
21
18
15
19
19
22
24
15
23
22
18
18
18
15
19
32
14
17
22
15
18
16
23
22

17

13
13
16
15
20
16
20
24
19
12
16
19
16
9
16
19
19
17
19
15
12
13
11
12
14
21
17

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

23

15
32
26
43
19
37
31
37
25
28
26
15
17
16
25
14
31
25
20
36
15
42
15
30
19
28
42

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.2

People have different views about what it means to 
be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not 
at all important' and 10 means 'extremely 
important'.
Feeling like a member of (NATIONALITY) society 
(%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

16

20
13
18
8
17
12
13
7
12
15
18
16
19
24
16
21
15
16
6
13
23
8
20
18
23
10
6

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

75

71
77
70
89
71
77
82
90
84
78
65
75
69
62
74
68
78
71
90
77
64
89
55
73
66
84
91

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

2
4
2
1
2
4
1
0
1
2
2
1
1
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
2
3
6
1
3
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

7

7
6
10
2
10
7
4
3
3
5
15
8
11
14
7
10
7
12
4
10
11
0
19
8
8
4
2

T24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.3

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please 
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not at all important' and 10 means 'extremely important'.
Being able to speak (COUNTRY LANGUAGE) / Being able to speak at least one of the official 
languages of (OUR COUNTRY) (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
1
1
0
1
2
1
1
0
1
2
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
0
2
1
2
0
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
3
1
0
3
1
0
0
0

1

1
1
2
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
0
2
2
0
4
0
1
1
1

2

2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
3
1
2
3
3
1
2
5
0
8
2
1
2
1

4

5
4
7
4
2
5
4
1
4
4
9
4
6
10
5
6
7
6
3
4
8
1
7
5
8
4
3

5

4
5
4
4
3
5
4
3
4
2
5
6
3
8
3
5
7
3
2
4
10
5
8
6
8
4
3

10

13
9
8
11
8
7
5
6
14
7
7
13
10
12
8
8
11
6
9
9
18
8
8
8
12
11
8

17

20
17
12
19
13
13
13
16
22
16
13
20
18
19
11
12
15
13
22
10
19
15
12
14
16
17
16

18

19
14
14
16
21
18
20
23
19
16
15
22
24
12
17
22
15
16
24
12
15
11
16
15
15
22
15

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

40

31
43
48
45
48
43
51
49
35
50
39
27
33
26
50
41
39
47
38
51
19
58
27
47
35
37
53

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.3

People have different views about what it 
means to be well-integrated into 
(NATIONALITY) society. How important is 
each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR 
COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 
10, where 1 means 'not at all important' 
and 10 means 'extremely important'.
Being able to speak (COUNTRY 
LANGUAGE) / Being able to speak at 
least one of the official languages of 
(OUR COUNTRY) (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

9

9
9
11
8
5
10
8
4
8
6
14
10
9
18
8
11
14
9
5
8
18
6
15
11
16
8
6

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

85

83
83
82
91
90
81
89
94
90
89
74
82
85
69
86
83
80
82
93
82
71
92
63
84
78
87
92

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

2
3
1
0
1
4
0
0
1
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
2
2
5
1
2
2
0

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

5

6
5
6
1
4
5
3
2
1
4
10
7
5
13
5
6
6
8
2
9
9
0
17
4
4
3
2

T26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.4

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “not at all important” and 10 means 'extremely important'.
Being committed to the way of life in (OUR COUNTRY) by accepting the values and norms of society
(%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0
2
2
2
0
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2
1
1
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
0
2
1
0
3
1
1
0
1

2

2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
2
3
3
4
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
3
0
6
1
1
1
1

2

3
2
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
6
2
3
5
1
4
3
3
2
3
4
0
7
3
2
1
1

7

7
4
9
8
6
7
7
5
5
8
10
4
10
13
6
7
7
7
3
6
11
3
11
7
11
3
6

7

9
6
5
8
6
6
6
7
7
6
7
8
6
15
6
6
9
4
8
9
13
5
10
7
10
4
7

13

20
12
8
13
9
10
10
12
17
12
10
15
12
17
12
14
11
7
14
10
20
14
14
10
12
7
16

18

20
17
14
21
14
15
20
18
21
17
17
21
20
14
16
22
18
13
28
14
17
20
14
18
14
15
19

17

13
14
15
13
23
15
20
21
16
12
16
20
17
12
19
20
17
20
18
14
13
12
9
11
16
21
12

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

30

22
39
39
29
32
35
33
32
30
36
27
23
22
16
33
22
33
39
24
39
16
43
19
39
29
46
35

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.4

People have different views about what it means to 
be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means “not 
at all important” and 10 means 'extremely 
important'.
Being committed to the way of life in (OUR 
COUNTRY) by accepting the values and norms of 
society (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

14

16
10
14
16
12
13
13
12
12
14
17
12
16
28
12
13
16
11
11
15
24
8
21
14
21
7
13

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

78

75
82
76
76
78
75
83
83
84
77
70
79
71
59
80
78
79
79
84
77
66
89
56
78
71
89
82

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
3
1
1
2
4
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
0
4
1
0
1
1
0
1
3
5
1
2
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

6

8
5
9
7
8
8
4
5
2
7
12
8
12
13
4
8
5
9
4
8
9
0
18
7
6
2
4

T28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.5

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not at all important' and 10 means 'extremely important'.
Being active in any association, organisation or taking part in local elections in (OUR COUNTRY) (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

5

6
8
8
4
9
7
3
5
2
7
5
3
13
8
7
7
5
13
1
6
3
2
7
5
5
5
3

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

4

3
3
6
3
7
5
1
4
2
5
3
3
7
3
5
6
2
4
2
5
2
1
4
3
4
3
2

5

4
5
10
7
9
6
2
5
2
5
7
4
5
7
5
7
2
4
1
7
6
2
5
4
7
7
4

6

8
5
9
6
10
6
2
7
3
4
9
5
4
8
6
6
4
7
6
7
8
2
9
7
4
8
3

14

20
10
19
15
16
13
9
11
13
20
14
9
12
19
15
18
9
15
10
13
13
6
10
16
19
17
14

12

13
8
11
14
11
9
6
8
12
11
11
13
10
15
8
9
9
9
16
11
12
11
11
11
14
15
10

15

15
11
11
13
11
12
13
11
20
12
13
20
13
16
11
12
14
9
25
14
18
18
14
13
12
17
21

16

17
15
9
16
10
10
20
18
18
16
11
21
12
12
11
15
13
10
25
14
15
23
12
15
9
15
19

10

8
8
5
10
8
9
17
15
13
7
10
13
8
4
10
11
15
15
9
11
9
9
9
8
8
5
9

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

11

6
19
10
11
7
17
26
14
12
11
16
8
15
8
15
8
26
12
5
11
12
22
13
18
13
5
14

T29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.5

People have different views about what it means to 
be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not 
at all important' and 10 means 'extremely 
important'.
Being active in any association, organisation or 
taking part in local elections in (OUR COUNTRY) 
(%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

26

33
18
30
29
27
22
15
19
25
31
25
22
22
34
23
27
18
24
26
24
25
17
21
27
33
32
24

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

52

46
53
35
50
36
48
76
58
63
46
50
62
48
40
47
46
68
46
64
50
54
72
48
54
42
42
63

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

0
8
2
1
2
6
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
0
7
1
1
2
0
1
2
4
6
0
5
3
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

20

21
21
33
20
35
24
8
21
9
21
24
15
29
26
23
26
13
28
10
25
19
7
25
19
20
23
12

T30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.6

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please 
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely important''.
Contributing to the welfare system by paying taxes (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

2

2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
0
3
2
1
2
4
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
0
2
1
2
0
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
2
1
2
1
0
2
1
1
0
1

2

1
1
3
0
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
0
6
2
2
1
1

3

4
2
3
1
5
1
1
0
1
3
5
2
1
4
1
4
3
2
2
5
6
0
6
2
2
1
2

6

6
4
8
3
8
5
4
2
4
8
10
4
6
9
4
10
5
5
5
6
9
1
9
8
8
3
6

6

7
5
5
3
7
4
3
2
4
6
8
6
6
9
4
8
7
5
7
6
9
2
7
6
8
4
5

12

13
9
6
8
12
7
7
6
13
11
10
15
9
13
5
13
10
7
15
11
20
6
10
9
10
10
11

17

22
13
11
14
16
10
14
12
16
20
13
23
17
19
11
19
17
13
24
14
17
15
14
13
14
18
16

17

15
13
12
14
19
13
21
19
23
13
15
20
23
13
16
17
16
13
16
13
12
13
15
12
13
19
11

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

32

27
46
48
56
25
53
47
57
37
31
30
25
34
27
54
24
39
48
27
38
20
60
23
45
38
42
45

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.6

People have different views about what it means to 
be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not 
at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely 
important''.
Contributing to the welfare system by paying 
taxes (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

12

13
9
13
6
15
9
7
4
8
14
18
10
12
18
8
18
12
10
12
12
18
3
16
14
16
7
11

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

78

77
81
77
92
72
83
89
94
89
75
68
83
83
72
86
73
82
81
82
76
69
94
62
79
75
89
83

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

2
5
1
0
2
4
1
0
1
2
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
6
1
2
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

8

8
5
9
2
11
4
3
2
2
9
12
6
4
10
4
8
5
8
6
11
11
0
16
6
7
2
5

T32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.7

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely important''.
Having (NATIONALITY) friends (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

3

4
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
5
2
3
3
4
2
4
2
2
1
3
1
0
3
4
1
1
2

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

2
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
5
2
3
1
3
1
0
2
2
1
0
1

3

3
2
2
3
4
2
2
1
1
2
5
4
2
2
1
4
2
2
2
3
3
0
6
2
2
1
2

4

6
3
6
4
7
3
3
2
2
3
6
4
5
4
2
5
3
4
3
5
6
1
7
3
4
1
3

11

12
9
14
14
13
8
8
7
9
17
12
7
14
14
9
12
9
11
7
11
12
5
11
13
13
6
10

10

13
10
10
11
9
7
8
8
9
9
9
12
9
15
9
11
10
6
10
9
13
9
11
10
13
7
6

16

19
14
13
16
14
10
13
14
19
14
13
17
16
19
11
17
16
15
25
14
19
21
13
13
16
15
16

20

22
17
17
20
16
14
17
22
23
18
16
25
16
19
20
14
18
12
32
18
18
21
16
15
17
24
23

14

10
12
11
9
15
14
19
23
17
10
13
16
14
9
16
15
16
18
10
15
11
12
11
12
11
20
12

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

16

9
25
21
19
14
33
28
21
17
18
20
9
18
12
27
12
21
26
9
18
14
28
15
25
20
24
24

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.7

People have different views about what it means to 
be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How 
important is each of the following for the successful 
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? 
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not 
at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely 
important''.
Having (NATIONALITY) friends (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

21

25
19
24
25
22
15
16
15
18
26
21
19
23
29
18
23
19
17
17
20
25
14
22
23
26
13
16

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

66

60
68
62
64
59
71
77
80
76
60
62
67
64
59
74
58
71
71
76
65
62
82
55
65
64
83
75

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

0
5
1
0
2
4
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
5
1
2
1
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

12

15
8
13
11
17
10
7
5
5
12
16
13
12
12
7
18
9
11
7
14
11
1
18
11
8
3
8

T34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.8

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely important''.
Having educational qualifications and skills that are sufficient to find a job (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0
3
2
2
0
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
3
1
0
2
1
1
1
1

2

2
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
3
2
2
1
2
2
3
5
2
1
0
1

3

4
2
2
2
3
1
1
0
1
2
5
3
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
3
4
8
7
2
1
1
2

7

9
4
7
6
5
5
4
3
6
13
10
4
5
7
3
9
6
6
2
7
10
5
9
7
9
3
7

7

10
5
6
8
6
3
4
4
6
7
7
9
5
8
3
8
7
6
9
7
11
5
8
6
10
4
3

15

17
9
10
15
11
5
8
7
20
15
9
17
11
14
7
15
15
11
19
10
20
10
10
12
10
12
12

20

22
17
15
24
16
12
17
16
23
21
14
24
23
25
14
20
18
16
33
13
19
19
12
18
15
23
24

17

14
14
15
12
24
16
23
24
20
11
15
19
21
15
19
19
17
18
18
15
12
14
15
13
13
22
15

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

25

16
43
39
30
30
53
41
45
20
22
34
19
31
26
48
20
31
34
15
38
18
33
24
36
36
32
33

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.8

to

be

well-integrated

People have different views about what it
into
means
(NATIONALITY) society. How important is
each of the following for the successful
integration
(OUR
COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to
10, where 1 means ''not at all important''
and 10 means ''extremely important''.
Having educational qualifications and
skills that are sufficient to find a job (%)

immigrants

of

in

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

14

19
9
13
14
11
8
8
7
12
20
17
13
10
15
6
17
13
12
11
14
21
10
17
13
19
7
10

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

77

69
83
79
81
81
86
89
92
83
69
72
79
86
80
88
74
81
79
85
76
69
76
61
79
74
89
84

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
3
2
1
2
4
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
5
1
2
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

7

11
5
6
4
6
2
3
1
3
9
10
7
4
5
4
8
6
8
4
9
8
11
17
7
5
2
5

T36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.9

People have different views about what it means to be well-integrated into (NATIONALITY) society. How
important is each of the following for the successful integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please
use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10 means ''extremely important''.
Acquiring (NATIONALITY) citizenship (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

5

6
3
4
8
10
8
3
4
1
4
1
3
20
7
10
5
4
16
3
7
2
6
5
4
4
4
7

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

3

2
2
4
2
6
5
2
2
2
2
2
3
6
1
3
7
2
7
2
4
1
4
3
1
2
1
4

5

4
3
5
7
9
4
2
3
1
5
4
2
5
4
4
7
2
5
5
6
3
3
6
2
4
3
6

6

6
4
6
6
12
3
3
4
3
3
6
4
6
5
3
7
4
5
5
6
6
2
7
4
5
5
5

13

16
9
14
18
17
12
10
9
9
16
11
7
14
17
12
16
8
14
12
14
14
7
11
16
15
11
14

9

14
8
10
9
8
9
6
6
9
8
8
10
8
13
9
10
10
5
11
9
10
6
10
6
11
13
8

13

17
10
9
11
8
9
11
11
17
12
8
17
8
17
8
11
14
10
15
12
19
11
8
10
13
18
15

16

17
15
11
14
10
10
16
15
21
18
15
23
12
15
12
11
16
9
23
13
17
15
15
14
12
17
14

12

8
12
10
8
9
10
18
19
17
9
11
16
7
9
11
13
15
10
13
13
11
11
9
12
10
12
8

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

16

8
26
25
15
9
24
28
27
18
21
32
14
13
12
22
12
25
17
10
15
15
31
20
30
20
14
17

T37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB11.9

to

be

well-integrated

People have different views about what it
into
means
(NATIONALITY) society. How important is
each of the following for the successful
(OUR
integration
COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to
10, where 1 means ''not at all important''
and 10 means ''extremely important''.
Acquiring (NATIONALITY)
(%)

citizenship

immigrants

of

in

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

22

30
17
24
27
25
21
16
15
18
24
19
17
22
30
21
26
18
19
23
23
24
13
21
22
26
24
22

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

57

50
63
55
48
36
53
73
72
73
60
66
70
40
53
53
47
70
46
61
53
62
68
52
66
55
61
54

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

2
8
2
2
2
6
1
0
2
2
2
1
1
0
6
1
0
2
1
1
2
4
6
1
4
2
2

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

19

18
12
19
23
37
20
10
13
7
14
13
12
37
17
20
26
12
33
15
23
12
15
21
11
15
13
22

T38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.1

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Discrimination against immigrants (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

2

3
3
7
2
3
10
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
8
5
3
2
5
1
4
1
2
7
8
3
3
2

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
3
7
1
3
5
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
4
3
2
1
2
0
3
2
3
5
3
4
1
1

3

2
3
7
3
4
7
4
2
2
1
5
3
3
5
3
4
4
4
1
4
3
8
7
6
6
3
3

4

3
5
6
4
6
5
3
3
4
2
6
4
5
5
5
2
4
4
2
7
5
4
8
7
4
2
3

10

11
9
16
10
13
12
9
7
9
9
11
7
10
18
13
7
8
13
6
14
12
16
12
13
21
7
6

9

11
12
10
7
8
7
10
5
6
7
10
11
9
14
8
8
9
5
7
11
11
8
10
10
12
8
5

13

19
14
9
14
9
10
12
11
15
11
12
16
10
15
13
9
14
7
16
14
19
11
10
13
11
14
8

18

21
15
13
17
15
10
17
18
23
21
16
18
16
13
15
14
18
11
25
13
19
12
12
11
13
16
18

15

14
8
9
13
18
10
16
23
15
12
13
18
21
5
10
17
16
12
22
12
10
7
8
7
9
17
14

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

21

13
17
14
28
18
15
23
28
21
30
22
17
22
12
18
29
22
33
19
16
17
24
14
20
12
27
38

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.1

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Discrimination against immigrants (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

19

22
21
26
17
21
19
19
12
15
16
21
18
19
32
21
15
17
18
13
25
23
24
22
23
33
15
11

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

67

67
54
45
72
60
45
68
80
74
74
63
69
69
45
56
69
70
63
82
55
65
54
44
51
45
74
78

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
11
2
1
3
9
1
0
2
4
2
3
1
1
7
5
2
4
1
2
1
5
7
2
5
2
2

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

11

9
14
27
10
16
27
12
8
9
6
14
10
11
22
16
11
11
15
4
18
11
17
27
24
17
9
9

T40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.2

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Limited efforts by immigrants to integrate (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

2

2
3
2
0
2
5
2
0
2
4
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
2
0
2
2
2
4
6
2
2
2

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
1
2
0
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
6
2
2
0
1

3

2
1
4
2
3
3
4
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
3
2
4
2
3
4
4
5
3
3
1
4

4

5
6
5
4
6
5
5
1
2
3
6
4
3
4
2
3
4
4
2
5
5
6
8
5
3
2
5

10

13
7
13
9
12
10
9
3
9
13
12
6
9
13
9
11
8
11
6
10
13
14
12
13
19
7
10

8

10
9
8
9
8
8
9
3
8
5
10
7
8
13
6
8
9
9
10
8
11
6
9
9
8
6
7

12

16
11
10
16
9
11
13
8
16
10
11
13
9
15
11
10
13
10
16
10
18
9
10
13
11
12
12

17

23
15
13
16
15
11
15
14
23
18
17
19
17
16
13
12
15
15
25
14
19
13
12
16
14
17
18

14

12
9
13
10
17
12
17
20
13
12
13
18
21
9
13
16
16
19
18
14
11
8
10
10
8
19
9

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

24

14
28
27
32
23
25
23
48
19
25
23
25
26
22
38
29
29
22
19
31
14
30
17
21
25
31
27

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.2

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Limited
by
integrate (%)

immigrants

efforts

to

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

18

23
16
21
18
20
18
18
6
17
18
22
13
17
26
15
19
17
20
16
18
24
20
21
22
27
13
17

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

67

65
63
63
74
64
59
68
90
71
65
64
75
73
62
75
67
73
66
78
69
62
60
49
60
58
79
66

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

4

2
10
3
2
3
8
1
1
4
6
2
3
2
1
5
5
2
2
1
1
2
7
7
2
5
3
5

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

11

10
11
13
6
13
15
13
3
8
11
12
9
8
11
5
9
8
12
5
12
12
13
23
16
10
5
12

T42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.3

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties in accessing long term residence permits (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

3

4
2
4
2
4
6
2
1
2
4
1
1
2
6
2
2
3
4
1
5
2
1
6
7
2
3
3

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

2
2
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
2
4
3
2
1
1

3

3
3
5
4
4
4
3
2
3
1
4
3
6
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
4
4
6
4
4
2
3

5

5
3
5
5
8
4
3
2
2
2
7
5
5
7
3
2
3
4
2
5
5
2
7
6
3
4
3

11

14
9
21
15
14
12
8
6
9
14
12
8
9
21
11
11
10
14
7
13
13
8
12
12
20
10
11

9

14
10
11
12
9
8
10
5
6
8
7
9
10
17
9
7
11
8
13
12
11
5
8
9
13
9
9

15

17
11
10
17
14
10
12
10
17
13
12
14
12
15
11
10
14
13
20
17
19
10
14
13
14
17
14

18

21
16
12
17
15
13
17
17
23
18
15
20
18
12
16
14
19
12
26
15
18
13
13
14
10
21
19

13

9
8
10
8
14
13
17
22
15
10
15
19
16
8
14
15
15
13
16
12
10
8
9
10
9
15
11

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

16

8
19
14
15
12
13
22
31
15
22
24
15
17
9
20
26
19
19
10
11
14
40
12
18
16
14
18

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.3

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties
residence permits (%)

in accessing long term

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

20

28
19
32
27
23
20
18
11
15
22
19
17
19
38
20
18
21
22
20
25
24
13
20
21
33
19
20

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

62

55
54
46
57
55
49
68
80
70
63
66
68
63
44
61
65
67
57
72
55
61
71
48
55
49
67
62

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

3
17
6
4
5
14
4
3
6
6
2
4
3
0
11
8
3
6
2
3
2
7
9
4
7
4
8

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

13

14
10
16
12
17
17
10
6
9
9
13
11
15
18
8
9
9
15
6
17
13
9
23
20
11
10
10

T44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.4

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties in finding a job (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

2

3
3
5
2
3
8
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
5
4
2
2
9
0
4
2
2
5
8
3
2
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
2
4
1
2
5
3
1
1
1
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
10
1
3
2
1
4
3
3
1
0

3

2
2
7
3
4
7
5
3
4
2
4
3
7
3
3
4
3
8
1
3
3
2
5
5
5
1
1

4

4
3
7
4
5
6
4
3
3
2
5
3
7
5
4
2
4
7
1
4
6
3
8
6
4
2
2

9

11
7
16
8
12
12
10
4
6
10
12
6
9
17
11
7
9
14
6
11
11
10
11
14
20
6
6

8

11
6
9
9
9
7
7
4
6
6
8
8
9
11
9
6
9
9
8
11
11
7
8
9
11
6
4

13

17
11
11
15
14
7
13
8
14
12
9
13
7
16
12
10
14
9
18
14
18
9
13
12
12
12
13

20

27
20
14
21
18
9
16
15
26
21
12
19
14
17
17
17
19
11
30
18
19
10
12
14
12
22
25

16

13
9
11
13
18
13
17
21
16
15
14
20
15
10
12
16
17
10
22
13
11
8
11
10
8
21
15

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

20

10
27
14
22
13
19
21
40
21
25
31
22
24
15
22
31
20
11
12
17
16
43
16
17
18
26
32

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.4

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties in finding a job (%)

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

11

10
10
23
10
14
26
15
8
9
7
12
9
21
14
12
9
10
34
3
14
13
8
22
22
15
6
3

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

17

22
13
25
17
21
19
17
8
12
16
20
14
18
28
20
13
18
23
14
22
22
17
19
23
31
12
10

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

69

67
67
50
71
63
48
67
84
77
73
66
74
60
58
63
74
70
41
82
62
64
70
52
53
50
81
85

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

1
10
2
2
2
7
1
0
2
4
2
3
1
0
5
4
2
2
1
2
1
5
7
2
4
1
2

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.5

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Limited access to education, healthcare and social protection (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

7

7
6
7
8
9
11
6
3
11
9
2
3
4
7
6
5
4
13
4
7
2
4
7
21
6
7
7

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

4

2
3
5
5
4
8
6
3
7
3
2
3
6
4
3
6
2
6
4
5
2
3
4
6
7
3
5

5

5
5
8
5
6
6
4
2
5
3
3
4
2
4
4
5
4
8
5
6
3
6
6
7
8
4
5

5

6
5
8
5
6
6
6
2
5
4
7
5
4
6
4
3
3
7
3
6
5
5
9
5
6
5
6

10

13
9
16
11
12
11
8
4
8
12
13
8
9
15
14
9
10
14
6
11
13
8
11
12
19
10
9

8

9
9
9
10
8
8
8
4
6
7
10
10
9
13
11
6
11
10
6
10
11
5
9
8
9
6
6

12

14
11
9
11
10
9
11
9
15
9
11
13
10
15
13
7
14
10
11
15
17
9
11
10
11
11
13

16

22
14
11
16
13
7
15
19
16
15
14
18
12
14
14
12
17
8
23
14
19
11
12
9
10
19
15

13

10
8
10
10
14
10
16
22
10
12
13
18
17
8
11
16
15
10
17
10
11
8
11
6
7
16
9

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

17

10
17
14
17
15
16
19
32
13
21
23
15
26
14
12
26
18
11
20
14
15
34
14
14
12
17
22

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.5

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Limited access to education, healthcare
and social protection (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

18

22
18
25
21
20
19
16
8
14
19
23
18
18
28
25
15
21
24
12
21
24
13
20
20
28
16
15

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

58

56
50
44
54
52
42
61
82
54
57
61
64
65
51
50
61
64
39
71
53
62
62
48
39
40
63
59

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
13
3
2
3
8
1
0
4
5
2
3
1
0
8
5
2
3
1
2
2
7
6
2
5
2
3

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

21

20
19
28
23
25
31
22
10
28
19
14
15
16
21
17
19
13
34
16
24
12
18
26
39
27
19
23

T48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.6

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Limited interactions between immigrants and (NATIONALITY) citizens (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

3

3
5
5
2
4
8
3
3
4
4
1
2
4
6
5
3
3
5
1
4
1
3
7
8
3
2
2

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
2
4
2
1
5
3
1
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
5
1
3
2
2
2
1
5
3
3
1
1

4

4
3
7
3
5
4
5
3
3
2
5
3
5
4
4
5
3
6
2
5
3
7
6
7
6
2
2

5

5
6
7
3
7
5
5
2
4
3
9
4
6
7
3
5
5
5
2
6
6
6
7
8
5
2
2

12

15
11
19
12
15
14
13
7
10
15
16
9
17
19
15
16
11
18
6
13
10
12
15
17
23
8
8

11

12
11
11
10
11
9
8
8
9
8
10
11
10
13
13
9
10
9
9
11
13
14
11
12
11
8
8

15

18
14
12
16
14
11
12
11
19
13
12
14
12
19
15
13
16
11
23
16
18
14
13
12
13
17
14

18

22
15
14
20
15
11
17
21
20
20
14
19
16
16
16
15
15
14
25
17
19
11
13
11
13
23
24

13

11
8
9
9
14
10
16
26
11
12
12
19
14
5
10
10
16
14
19
13
12
7
6
7
7
19
14

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

14

7
14
10
22
12
16
17
18
13
18
17
14
13
9
11
15
18
12
10
11
14
19
11
13
11
16
24

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.6

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in 
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from
1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
between
Limited
interactions
(NATIONALITY)
immigrants
citizens (%)

and

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

23

27
22
30
22
26
23
21
15
19
23
26
20
27
32
28
25
21
27
15
24
23
26
26
29
34
16
16

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

60

58
51
45
67
55
48
62
76
63
63
55
66
55
49
52
53
65
51
77
57
63
51
43
43
44
75
76

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
11
2
1
2
7
1
0
4
4
2
3
1
0
5
4
2
3
1
2
2
6
6
2
5
2
1

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

14

13
16
23
10
17
22
16
9
14
10
17
11
17
19
15
18
12
19
7
17
12
17
25
26
17
7
7

T50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.7

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Negative portrayal of immigrants in the media (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

4

4
4
7
3
5
8
4
4
2
4
1
2
2
6
4
3
2
6
2
5
2
4
7
11
3
4
4

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
2
4
2
3
5
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
2
5
3
3
2
2

4

3
3
5
3
6
5
6
4
3
2
4
4
5
4
3
4
3
3
2
6
3
13
6
6
5
3
4

5

4
6
6
4
7
4
5
3
3
4
6
5
7
8
4
5
4
4
3
7
6
11
9
5
4
4
4

11

12
11
13
10
14
12
12
7
9
11
11
9
14
17
12
9
8
12
7
12
11
16
14
14
21
11
10

9

10
10
10
8
8
8
8
6
9
7
10
10
6
13
10
9
10
7
10
12
11
6
9
8
10
10
7

13

17
14
10
12
11
10
11
10
20
9
13
15
10
15
13
10
13
8
19
13
16
8
13
11
12
13
13

17

22
15
13
16
14
11
15
20
19
17
16
18
14
12
17
11
20
12
24
14
18
8
10
13
13
17
18

14

13
8
12
12
15
13
15
21
14
12
13
17
17
8
13
16
16
11
19
11
13
5
8
8
9
15
12

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

18

12
17
17
28
14
17
21
22
16
28
22
15
21
13
16
25
21
31
12
16
17
20
12
19
15
19
24

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.7

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Negative portrayal of immigrants in the
media (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

20

22
21
23
18
22
20
20
13
18
18
21
19
20
30
22
18
18
19
17
24
22
22
23
22
31
21
17

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

62

64
54
52
68
54
51
62
73
69
66
64
65
62
48
59
62
70
62
74
54
64
41
43
51
49
64
67

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
10
3
2
3
7
1
1
3
5
2
3
1
1
5
5
2
3
1
1
2
7
7
2
5
2
2

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

15

12
15
22
12
21
22
17
13
10
11
13
13
17
21
14
15
10
16
8
21
12
30
27
25
15
13
14

T52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.8

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties in bringing in family members (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

4

8
2
6
6
6
7
3
2
1
6
1
1
4
8
7
4
3
5
3
6
2
2
5
9
3
5
6

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

3

4
1
4
3
4
4
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
4
2
1
4
4
3
1
1
4
2
2
2
5

4

5
2
5
5
6
5
4
2
3
4
3
4
7
5
2
4
2
3
4
5
3
3
6
5
3
5
6

6

9
4
6
6
8
5
5
3
2
5
6
5
8
6
3
4
4
5
4
7
5
3
7
7
5
5
7

13

16
8
18
18
17
12
11
8
9
16
13
9
13
20
12
12
9
13
10
16
13
10
12
15
22
10
18

10

13
9
11
12
9
7
9
6
10
9
8
10
11
14
9
9
11
6
14
12
12
7
9
10
12
10
12

14

15
13
12
14
13
10
14
9
17
12
10
16
7
15
11
12
12
10
23
16
19
14
14
11
10
16
12

16

16
15
11
14
14
11
16
18
21
14
16
17
14
13
18
14
17
13
19
14
19
13
13
14
11
21
13

11

8
7
9
7
10
14
15
20
14
9
14
17
14
6
12
12
17
12
11
10
10
7
8
10
8
10
6

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

14

4
20
12
12
9
14
18
28
16
16
24
14
15
11
11
20
21
23
5
7
14
34
14
13
15
13
8

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.8

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties
members (%)

bringing

family

in

in

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

23

29
17
29
30
26
19
20
14
19
25
21
19
24
34
21
21
20
19
24
28
25
17
21
25
34
20
30

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

55

43
55
44
47
46
49
63
75
68
51
64
64
50
45
52
58
67
58
58
47
62
68
49
48
44
60
39

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

2
19
6
3
4
11
3
2
4
7
2
4
4
0
11
7
3
6
3
4
2
6
8
4
9
3
7

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

17

26
9
21
20
24
21
14
9
9
17
13
13
22
21
16
14
10
17
15
21
11
9
22
23
13
17
24

T54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.9

in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
Difficulties in finding adequate accommodation (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

4

4
3
4
5
7
9
3
2
2
5
1
2
4
6
4
1
3
6
3
6
1
1
6
7
4
5
3

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

2
3
4
2
4
6
1
2
3
1
2
2
5
1
2
1
2
5
1
4
3
2
5
3
3
3
2

4

3
3
6
4
4
8
3
3
3
4
5
3
5
4
3
3
2
7
3
7
3
4
6
5
6
5
3

5

6
5
6
4
7
7
3
2
4
2
5
4
7
6
3
2
4
5
3
6
5
2
7
6
5
5
3

11

13
8
19
17
13
13
8
6
10
11
12
6
12
18
12
5
10
12
9
13
11
8
14
14
20
9
10

10

13
9
11
13
10
9
6
6
8
8
7
10
9
13
11
6
11
9
13
10
14
7
10
11
11
9
8

14

18
14
12
17
13
8
10
10
16
12
10
15
10
17
13
9
15
10
21
16
18
14
14
12
10
14
17

18

19
18
12
15
16
9
16
19
23
19
17
20
16
15
19
17
16
17
22
15
18
22
12
14
15
20
23

14

12
7
10
9
14
11
20
22
14
12
17
20
15
8
12
20
17
14
14
11
10
9
7
9
8
13
11

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

15

8
17
12
12
10
12
28
27
15
22
22
15
16
12
14
30
18
12
10
10
15
25
13
17
13
14
17

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.9

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in 
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from
1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
adequate
Difficulties
accommodation (%)

finding

in

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

21

26
17
30
30
23
22
14
12
18
19
19
16
21
31
23
11
21
21
22
23
25
15
24
25
31
18
18

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

61

57
56
46
53
53
40
74
78
68
65
66
70
57
52
58
76
66
53
67
52
61
70
46
52
46
61
68

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
13
4
2
2
8
2
1
2
4
2
3
1
0
7
6
2
3
1
2
2
6
6
2
5
3
3

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

15

15
14
20
15
22
30
10
9
12
12
13
11
21
17
12
7
11
23
10
23
12
9
24
21
18
18
11

T56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.10

Please tell for each of the following issues if it is,
in your view, an obstacle or not for the successful
integration of immigrants in (OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means 'not an
obstacle at all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
High concentration of immigrants in certain areas (%)

l
l

a

t
a

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N
1

3

4
3
3
1
3
7
2
1
2
4
2
2
3
7
5
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
8
5
3
3
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

2
2
2
1
2
5
2
2
3
1
2
2
1
4
2
3
2
3
1
3
2
2
4
2
5
1
1

4

3
3
5
2
4
6
3
2
3
3
6
4
3
7
5
5
4
3
1
3
4
5
7
4
6
2
1

4

3
4
5
3
5
4
5
3
3
3
9
4
3
8
4
4
5
3
2
7
7
6
8
5
5
4
1

10

12
10
14
7
11
13
8
7
8
10
15
6
8
20
12
13
11
8
6
10
13
17
11
13
18
10
6

9

11
8
9
10
8
9
9
4
8
4
12
8
9
13
10
10
12
6
11
9
13
14
12
10
11
9
5

13

16
12
14
14
14
8
13
11
17
9
9
12
8
12
10
11
13
10
18
14
18
11
13
10
11
20
14

18

22
19
14
18
16
9
15
17
18
19
13
19
13
11
15
13
17
13
27
17
17
11
11
16
13
17
22

14

14
8
12
14
16
8
18
18
15
14
12
21
21
6
9
10
14
14
19
13
8
6
6
12
8
14
14

s
u
o
m
r
o
n
e

n
A
0
1

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

19

11
20
19
28
17
22
24
33
20
28
17
19
29
12
17
23
17
34
12
19
13
17
11
20
12
18
33

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB12.10

Please tell for each of the following issues
if it is, in your view, an obstacle or not for
the successful integration of immigrants in
(OUR COUNTRY)? Please use a scale from 1
to 10, where 1 means 'not an obstacle at
all' and 10 means 'an enormous obstacle'.
High concentration of
certain areas (%)

immigrants in

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
a

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

19

23
18
23
17
19
22
17
11
16
14
27
14
17
33
22
23
23
14
17
19
26
31
23
23
29
19
11

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

64

63
59
59
74
63
47
70
79
70
70
51
71
71
41
51
57
61
71
76
63
56
45
41
58
44
69
83

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

4

2
11
3
2
4
9
1
2
3
5
3
3
2
0
11
5
3
3
1
2
2
8
9
3
8
2
2

'

e
l
c
a
t
s
b
o

n
a

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

13

12
12
15
7
14
22
12
8
11
11
19
12
10
26
16
15
13
12
6
16
16
16
27
16
19
10
4

T58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.1

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
The immigrants themselves (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

1
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
3
1
0
1
2
0
2
1
0
1
2
2
0
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
1
0
1
1
2
0
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
0

1

1
1
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
2
0
1
2
0
4
1
0
0
0

2

3
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
0
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
3
0
7
2
1
1
1

5

8
5
12
2
4
6
5
2
4
9
9
4
6
10
3
5
5
5
2
5
7
3
10
7
12
2
1

5

7
7
4
3
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
8
4
7
3
3
5
3
3
6
7
4
9
8
9
2
2

10

14
10
9
6
6
4
7
7
16
9
6
13
8
11
7
8
9
7
6
7
12
11
11
8
9
4
9

16

25
14
10
13
12
7
12
15
18
20
9
20
20
17
9
15
12
10
22
10
20
13
11
13
12
12
13

17

13
10
13
13
23
13
22
20
18
15
11
19
21
14
11
21
16
11
25
15
16
12
11
12
11
17
12

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y

l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

40

26
48
43
60
46
60
49
51
36
36
48
29
36
34
63
43
47
55
41
49
30
55
31
46
41
60
60

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.1

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
The immigrants themselves (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

10

15
12
16
5
6
8
8
6
9
14
15
12
10
17
6
8
10
8
5
11
14
7
19
15
21
4
3

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

83

78
82
75
92
87
84
90
93
88
80
74
81
85
76
90
87
84
83
94
81
78
91
64
79
73
93
94

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
3
1
1
2
4
0
0
2
2
2
1
1
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
0
3
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

5

6
3
8
2
5
4
2
1
1
4
9
6
4
7
1
4
5
8

7
7

13
6
3
1
2

T60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.2

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
(NATIONALITY) citizens (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
1
3
1
2
6
1
3
0
2
1
1
1
4
3
1
2
1
1
3
1
0
1
2
2
1
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
1
1
1
3
0
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
0
2
1
0
2
1
1
1
0

2

1
2
4
1
2
3
0
3
1
1
4
3
3
2
2
1
3
1
1
3
2
1
4
3
1
1
1

3

3
4
5
2
4
4
1
4
1
2
5
2
2
4
2
3
3
2
1
5
5
1
7
4
3
3
1

9

12
10
18
7
13
12
5
9
6
12
11
6
10
14
8
10
7
12
3
11
8
4
13
14
15
4
5

9

15
11
9
7
8
8
5
9
9
9
10
10
6
13
10
8
11
4
5
12
9
5
10
10
14
6
7

15

18
17
15
14
11
10
12
13
17
14
11
17
13
19
13
14
15
5
19
14
15
16
15
14
14
13
15

20

27
17
14
22
19
13
17
21
21
18
15
21
24
19
18
18
18
15
36
19
21
22
14
17
17
25
20

16

8
8
11
15
22
13
22
19
17
12
13
19
18
8
14
18
15
13
18
13
12
14
13
11
10
20
14

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

22

12
24
18
29
17
24
37
17
25
27
27
18
21
16
24
25
25
44
16
17
25
35
17
24
20
25
36

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.2

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
(NATIONALITY) citizens (%)

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

7

7
8
13
5
9
16
2
12
3
6
12
8
7
11
9
6
9
6
3
13
9
2
14
10
7
6
2

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

18

27
21
27
14
21
20
10
18
15
21
21
16
16
27
18
18
18
16
8
23
17
9
23
24
29
10
12

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

73

65
66
58
80
69
60
88
70
80
71
66
75
76
62
69
75
73
77
89
63
73
87
59
66
61
83
85

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
5
2
1
1
4
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
4
0
3
1
1

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.3

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
The (NATIONALITY) government (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
1
3
1
2
2
0
0
1
2
1
1
2
4
2
1
1
2
0
2
1
0
2
3
2
2
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
3
1
2
1
0
2
2
1
1
0

2

2
1
3
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
0
5
1
1
1
0

3

2
3
5
1
4
2
1
1
1
2
5
2
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
5
3
1
6
4
3
2
2

8

10
6
16
6
9
7
4
3
6
9
9
5
7
11
6
5
7
10
3
9
8
2
10
12
14
6
4

7

11
10
10
6
6
4
5
4
6
6
7
9
5
10
5
4
8
2
5
10
8
4
9
8
10
8
3

12

20
12
14
13
11
9
7
8
15
12
7
15
11
14
9
10
13
8
15
12
13
8
9
13
14
12
8

19

24
17
16
23
17
13
15
17
20
19
12
23
20
20
15
20
16
12
31
17
21
15
14
15
14
24
15

17

10
11
11
15
24
18
23
21
19
12
13
19
25
12
19
23
16
13
22
15
15
15
15
11
12
19
12

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

28

17
35
19
33
23
39
44
45
27
33
41
22
26
21
37
34
35
46
21
24
27
53
24
30
26
23
55

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.3

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
The (NATIONALITY) government (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

15

21
16
26
12
15
11
9
7
12
15
16
14
12
21
11
9
15
12
8
19
16
6
19
20
24
14
7

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

76

71
75
60
84
75
79
89
91
81
76
73
79
82
67
80
87
80
79
89
68
76
91
62
69
66
78
90

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
3
1
1
1
4
1
0
3
3
1
1
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
4
1
3
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

7

7
6
13
3
9
6
1
2
4
6
10
6
5
12
5
3
5
8
3
12
7
1
15
10
7
6
2

T64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.4

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
The EU institutions (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

2

3
1
5
6
3
3
0
0
0
3
1
1
2
6
2
1
2
3
3
3
1
0
2
4
3
4
3

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

2
1
4
2
2
1
1
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
3
1
0
2
2
1
3
2

3

4
1
3
5
4
2
1
0
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
4
6
2
1
4
3
2
4
4

4

4
4
7
5
7
2
1
1
1
2
5
3
1
4
1
2
3
3
3
4
4
1
7
5
2
6
5

10

12
7
20
17
12
10
6
4
6
14
8
6
8
16
6
11
6
11
11
10
8
7
9
14
15
11
12

9

11
9
11
13
7
6
6
4
8
8
7
10
6
14
6
7
9
5
11
12
9
8
10
11
13
11
9

13

19
13
12
13
13
10
8
7
16
10
8
16
9
16
9
13
14
7
16
14
15
11
13
11
12
15
11

17

24
16
12
13
13
10
15
18
20
17
13
22
20
15
13
15
17
10
24
15
22
17
11
15
15
19
15

15

9
8
9
8
20
13
22
18
17
10
17
19
26
8
18
18
17
12
13
12
13
13
15
10
11
12
7

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

22

10
34
15
14
16
36
39
47
26
26
35
19
24
17
36
27
28
41
10
20
23
38
22
24
23
11
23

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.4

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
The EU institutions (%)

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

11

13
7
19
18
16
8
3
1
3
9
10
7
6
14
6
6
8
11
12
16
8
2
15
14
8
17
14

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

19

23
16
31
30
19
16
12
8
14
22
15
16
14
30
12
18
15
16
22
22
17
15
19
25
28
22
21

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

67

62
71
48
48
62
69
84
90
79
63
73
76
79
56
76
73
76
70
63
61
73
79
61
60
61
57
56

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
6
2
4
3
7
1
1
4
6
2
1
1
0
6
3
1
3
3
1
2
4
5
1
3
4
9

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.5

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
The authorities at local and regional level (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
1
2
2
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
4
2
0
1
2
1
2
1
0
1
2
2
1
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
0
1

2

1
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
3
0
4
3
2
1
0

3

4
3
6
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
6
3
2
4
1
2
3
1
1
4
3
1
6
4
2
2
1

8

11
7
20
8
9
9
5
5
6
11
9
4
7
13
7
6
5
12
5
8
7
5
11
12
13
5
4

8

9
11
12
7
6
5
5
6
7
9
7
10
7
11
6
7
10
4
9
9
11
9
9
12
12
8
4

14

20
15
12
16
12
8
9
11
17
12
7
17
13
17
12
13
16
9
16
15
15
17
12
13
13
14
13

20

26
16
14
21
18
13
16
21
22
20
13
24
20
20
19
20
16
13
31
19
21
17
13
16
15
24
23

17

10
10
10
14
26
17
23
22
19
12
16
19
23
10
18
21
15
14
21
16
12
13
14
11
16
22
13

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

24

14
31
17
27
21
38
39
32
24
27
35
18
23
19
28
28
30
38
15
20
25
35
23
25
21
21
40

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.5

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
The authorities at local and regional
level (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

16

20
18
32
15
15
14
10
11
13
20
16
14
14
24
13
13
15
16
14
17
18
14
20
24
25
13
8

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

75

70
72
53
78
77
76
87
86
82
71
71
78
79
66
77
82
77
74
83
70
73
82
62
65
65
81
89

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

2
4
2
1
1
4
1
0
3
4
2
1
1
0
5
2
1
2
0
1
1
3
4
0
4
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

7

8
6
13
6
7
6
2
3
2
5
11
7
6
10
5
3
7
8
3
12
8
1
14
11
6
4
2

T68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.6

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
The media (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

2

3
1
3
2
2
4
2
2
1
4
1
1
2
4
2
1
2
2
2
3
1
0
3
3
3
2
3

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
1
1
1
2
3
0
0
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1

3

3
2
4
2
3
2
1
2
1
3
4
4
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
4
3
7
4
2
4
3
3

4

4
3
7
3
5
3
3
3
1
4
4
3
4
4
2
3
2
2
3
6
3
7
7
4
3
3
3

11

14
10
17
11
13
12
8
9
8
15
10
9
13
16
8
11
7
11
7
12
8
7
13
12
17
8
8

9

8
12
10
9
8
7
8
6
10
7
9
12
5
15
7
9
11
5
11
13
8
6
11
13
13
9
9

14

19
14
13
12
11
9
10
16
19
14
8
16
11
19
11
13
16
8
18
12
13
12
12
12
12
15
15

19

24
15
12
20
18
12
15
22
22
15
14
23
16
16
17
20
16
9
21
13
21
14
15
16
15
24
19

14

10
11
14
13
19
16
17
21
15
8
15
14
19
7
20
18
15
13
20
13
14
10
11
11
11
16
10

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

20

13
27
18
26
17
27
35
19
19
25
32
15
25
15
24
20
28
45
14
20
27
32
16
25
17
17
28

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.6

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
The media (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

67

66
67
57
71
65
64
77
78
75
62
69
68
71
57
72
71
75
75
73
58
75
68
54
64
55
72
72

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
4
1
1
2
5
1
0
3
3
1
2
1
0
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
4
5
1
4
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

11

11
7
15
8
12
12
6
7
4
13
11
9
10
12
9
7
6
7
8
16
8
15
17
10
11
9
10

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

20

22
22
27
20
21
19
16
15
18
22
19
21
18
31
15
20
18
16
18
25
16
13
24
25
30
17
17

T70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.7

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
Education institutions (e.g. pre-school, schools, universities) (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
0
2
1
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
3
2
0
2
2
0
2
1
0
2
3
2
1
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0

1

1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
0
1
3
2
1
1
1
0
1
2
0
3
1
0
5
2
2
1
0

2

3
4
4
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
6
2
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
7
3
2
1
0

7

8
8
14
5
8
11
4
6
5
8
11
6
7
13
8
4
8
9
2
7
10
3
11
9
14
4
3

7

8
8
9
5
5
6
5
5
8
6
6
9
5
11
8
5
10
6
5
7
11
5
9
7
13
3
3

13

15
14
16
13
9
8
7
11
17
11
10
16
14
16
12
9
13
7
12
13
15
9
12
12
14
11
8

20

25
16
15
23
16
11
15
19
21
21
13
24
21
20
17
17
20
14
30
18
19
17
15
13
14
22
19

18

13
10
13
16
25
16
23
22
18
15
13
20
23
11
16
22
14
15
26
15
13
13
13
15
11
23
16

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

28

23
33
23
33
29
37
44
32
26
33
34
18
25
20
26
40
29
42
23
29
24
49
20
35
24
32
50

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.7

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
Education institutions (e.g. pre-school,
schools, universities) (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

14

16
16
23
10
13
17
9
11
13
14
17
15
12
24
16
9
18
15
7
14
21
8
20
16
27
7
6

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

79

76
73
67
85
79
72
89
84
82
80
70
78
83
67
71
88
76
78
91
75
71
88
60
75
63
88
93

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
5
1
1
1
4
0
1
4
2
2
1
1
0
8
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
5
0
3
2
1

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

5

7
6
9
4
7
7
2
4
1
4
11
6
4
9
5
2
5
6
2
10
6
1
15
9
7
3
0

T72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.8

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
Civil society actors (e.g. NGOs, trade unions, religious and cultural institutions) (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

2

2
1
3
2
3
4
1
3
1
4
2
1
2
5
4
2
3
3
0
3
1
0
2
4
3
2
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1
1
3
1
2
4
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
0
3
2
1
1
1

3

2
2
4
2
5
4
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
4
3
1
6
4
4
3
2

4

3
4
9
5
6
5
1
4
1
2
5
4
4
5
3
3
4
3
4
5
4
1
7
5
5
4
3

12

14
9
21
15
16
14
6
10
8
15
12
6
14
18
10
12
11
11
7
11
11
3
12
12
20
10
8

10

13
12
10
11
10
8
5
8
11
8
10
10
7
17
10
10
9
5
12
9
10
6
12
12
15
11
9

15

22
17
15
16
12
12
11
12
16
15
12
17
13
19
11
13
16
11
24
15
15
12
12
16
15
19
16

19

23
16
9
21
17
14
19
20
24
18
14
25
23
14
16
15
18
14
28
20
19
15
15
14
11
23
22

13

8
9
10
9
15
10
19
20
16
10
13
17
14
7
13
17
15
12
14
16
13
11
11
11
8
14
12

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y

l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

17

10
23
14
16
11
18
35
18
18
21
25
14
19
10
18
21
20
35
7
12
22
46
15
20
14
11
24

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.8

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
Civil society actors (e.g. NGOs, trade
unions, religious and cultural 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

22

27
21
31
26
26
22
11
18
19
23
22
16
21
35
20
22
20
16
19
20
21
9
24
24
35
21
17

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

64

63
65
48
62
55
54
84
70
74
64
64
73
69
50
58
66
69
72
73
63
69
84
53
61
48
67
74

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

2
6
2
2
3
7
1
2
3
4
2
2
1
0
12
3
1
3
1
2
1
5
5
0
4
2
2

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

11

8
8
19
10
16
17
4
10
4
9
12
9
9
15
10
9
10
9
7
15
9
2
18
15
13
10
7

T74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.9

In your opinion, how important or not is the role of each of the following actors for the successful
integration of immigrants? Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means ''not at all important'' and 10
means ''extremely important''.
Employers (%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N
1

1

2
0
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
0
2
1
0
2
2
2
1
0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
2
1
1
0
0

2

1
3
3
1
2
1
0
2
1
0
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
0
4
2
1
1
0

2

3
3
5
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
6
3
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
0
5
5
2
1
1

8

13
8
16
6
11
10
6
5
5
10
9
7
7
12
5
5
5
10
5
8
9
2
10
11
14
5
5

8

11
9
8
7
7
7
5
5
7
9
9
9
5
13
5
6
9
5
5
8
11
4
9
12
10
5
4

15

23
15
14
18
12
10
8
11
16
14
8
18
11
18
11
12
14
9
20
15
17
9
12
12
14
12
13

22

26
18
16
26
20
13
16
21
23
23
12
25
22
22
14
20
19
14
36
21
20
15
15
15
17
24
26

17

9
10
14
13
24
16
23
24
19
11
14
17
20
9
22
23
16
14
18
17
13
16
15
12
11
23
15

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
l

e
m
e
r
t
x
E

0
1

22

11
27
20
25
17
33
40
27
24
26
35
15
27
17
34
28
30
40
12
20
21
52
22
28
25
27
34

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB13.9

In your opinion, how important or not is
the role of each of the following actors for
the successful
integration of immigrants?
Please use a scale from 1 to 10, where 1
means ''not at all important'' and 10 means
''extremely important''.
Employers (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

16

24
17
24
13
18
17
11
10
12
19
18
16
12
25
10
11
14
15
10
16
20
6
19
23
24
10
9

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

76

69
70
64
82
73
72
87
83
82
74
69
75
80
66
81
83
79
77
86
73
71
92
64
67
67
86
88

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

1
6
1
1
2
4
0
0
3
3
1
2
1
0
4
2
1
1
0
1
1
2
4
0
3
1
2

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

6

6
7
11
4
7
7
2
7
3
4
12
7
7
9
5
4
6
7
4
10
8
0
13
10
6
3
1

T76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB14

Thinking about the successful integration of immigrants into the (NATIONALITY)
society which of the following statements is closest to your personal view?
(%)

y
l
t
s
o
m

s
i

y
t
e
i
c
o
s

)
Y
T
I
L
A
N
O
I
T
A
N

(

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
r

e
r
e
h
w
s
s
e
c
o
r
p

y
a
w
-
o
w

t

a

s
i

n
o
i
t
a
r
g
e
t
n

I

y
t
e
i
c
o
s

)
Y
T
I
L
A
N
O
I
T
A
N

(
d
n
a

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

2

5
5
-3
2
-1
2
-2
-5
1
4
-1
2
8
-2
0
3
6
4
0
2
6
0
7
2
-2
-2
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

70

68
60
59
72
75
72
81
64
80
74
67
62
62
69
66
82
48
63
81
54
63
82
61
74
58
77
80

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
r

h
t
o
b

e
r
a

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

-2
8
10
2
7
1
7
4
1
1
6
5
-16
0
-4
-3
-5
1
4
1
-4
-1
-4
-1
1
-1
1

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

2

1
3
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
1
3
1
5
0
7
0
0

y
l
t
s
o
m
e
r
a

s
e
v
l

e
s

m
e
h
t

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
r

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

I

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

18

14
27
34
22
19
20
12
26
13
12
15
19
20
25
28
11
39
22
17
33
15
11
14
16
27
21
13

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

-2

-4
-10
-6
-3
-7
-1
-5
1
-2
-4
-4
-4
7
3
4
0
1
-1
-4
-3
-1
0
-3
0
0
4
-1

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

10

17
10
7
6
4
6
6
9
6
12
17
17
17
5
5
6
12
13
2
12
19
6
20
10
8
2
7

T77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB15.1

To what extent do you agree or not with the following statements?
Actively promoting the integration of immigrants is a necessary investment in the long run for (OUR COUNTRY) (%)

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

8

3
26
8
1
6
13
4
4
8
8
8
8
6
0
16
3
7
5
2
8
15
12
12
2
17
2
2

'

e
e
r
g
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
e
r
g
a
s
i
D

'

l

a
t
o
T

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

69

78
43
55
88
77
56
88
42
80
71
64
63
47
56
40
86
50
65
84
65
57
80
48
67
42
84
92

0

-5
2
6
4
-3
1
7
-5
7
4
2
7
-8
2
-12
5
9
1
-5
-4
-6
-5
-5
12
-2
-1
1

23

19
31
37
11
17
31
8
54
12
21
28
29
47
44
44
11
43
30
14
27
28
8
40
31
41
14
6

-1

3
-6
-7
-1
1
-2
-3
10
-5
-5
-2
-6
10
9
10
-1
-8
3
5
1
2
1
0
-9
-3
2
-2

e
e
r
g
a

y

l
l

a
t
o
T

e
e
r
g
a
o
t
d
n
e
T

e
e
r
g
a
s
i
d
o
t
d
n
e
T

e
e
r
g
a
s
i
d

y

l
l

a
t
o
T

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

27

27
9
14
48
40
15
41
11
37
27
10
15
12
11
5
31
7
18
47
24
12
20
13
29
9
47
75

-2

-7
-3
-2
-7
-1
-1
6
-3
8
1
-3
-1
-8
-3
-3
-7
-3
0
-12
0
-8
-3
-6
9
-3
2
2

42

51
34
41
40
37
41
47
31
43
44
54
48
35
45
35
55
43
47
37
41
45
60
35
38
33
37
17

2

2
5
8
11
-2
2
1
-2
-1
3
5
8
0
5
-9
12
12
1
7
-4
2
-2
1
3
1
-3
-1

15

14
18
25
8
11
19
6
29
8
13
22
17
22
29
28
8
26
23
10
16
19
7
28
20
22
9
3

8

5
13
12
3
6
12
2
25
4
8
6
12
25
15
16
3
17
7
4
11
9
1
12
11
19
5
3

-2

0
-9
-5
-2
1
-1
-2
8
-4
-5
-4
-5
5
3
5
0
-10
-1
0
4
1
0
-4
-3
1
0
0

1

3
3
-2
1
0
-1
-1
2
-1
0
2
-1
5
6
5
-1
2
4
5
-3
1
1
4
-6
-4
2
-2

T78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB15.2

To what extent do you agree or not with the following statements?
The (NATIONALITY) government is doing enough to actively promote the integration of immigrants into our society (%)

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

9

3
32
12
2
8
18
8
3
12
9
8
8
9
1
17
8
7
6
5
5
16
16
15
5
20
5
3

'

e
e
r
g
A

'

l

a
t
o
T

'

e
e
r
g
a
s
i
D

'

l

a
t
o
T

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

53

57
35
57
52
53
47
66
66
51
52
56
59
66
33
43
69
55
52
43
60
37
65
50
45
52
63
43

2

-8
-17
-8
8
3
-2
1
8
4
2
1
4
4
-8
-3
4
-4
-4
-5
-12
-9
-4
2
-11
-10
4
4

38

40
33
31
46
39
35
26
31
37
39
36
33
25
66
40
23
38
42
52
35
47
19
35
50
28
32
54

-1

8
9
7
-4
-5
3
2
-6
-6
-1
1
-4
-1
20
2
2
8
10
6
11
8
0
-4
13
5
-3
-4

e
e
r
g
a

y

l
l

a
t
o
T

e
e
r
g
a
o
t
d
n
e
T

e
e
r
g
a
s
i
d
o
t
d
n
e
T

e
e
r
g
a
s
i
d

y

l
l

a
t
o
T

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O
-

1
2
0
2

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

14

14
7
14
13
17
9
19
25
15
14
7
12
18
6
6
17
13
17
9
25
7
11
15
13
14
13
6

-2

-5
-14
-8
0
-1
-4
-6
6
-2
-4
-8
-6
-8
-1
-3
-9
-7
4
-5
-1
-1
0
-4
-7
-8
-1
-1

39

43
28
43
39
36
38
47
41
36
38
49
47
48
27
37
52
42
35
34
35
30
54
35
32
38
50
37

4

-3
-3
0
8
4
2
7
2
6
6
9
10
12
-7
0
13
3
-8
0
-11
-8
-4
6
-4
-2
5
5

28

31
25
25
37
30
25
19
23
26
29
30
25
19
50
31
18
26
34
41
22
29
16
27
32
19
28
39

10

9
8
6
9
9
10
7
8
11
10
6
8
6
16
9
5
12
8
11
13
18
3
8
18
9
4
15

-2

2
-1
2
-11
-2
4
1
-2
-5
0
-2
-10
-3
1
2
0
-1
-2
3
8
7
0
-7
8
5
-2
-5

1

6
10
5
7
-3
-1
1
-4
-1
-1
3
6
2
19
0
2
9
12
3
3
1
0
3
5
0
-1
1

T79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB16A

In your view, how important
is the issue of
integration of immigrants (from outside the EU) for
your national government?
(%)

f
o
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
e
r
h
t
p
o
t

e
h
t

f
o

e
n
o
–

y
t
i
r
o
i
r
p
p
o
T

t
n
e
m
n
r
e
v
o
g

e
h
t

r
o
f

n
r
e
c
n
o
c

f
o
s
e
u
s
s
i

p
o
t

e
h
t
g
n
o
m
a

t
o
n

t
u
b

,

y
t
i
r
o
i
r
p

h
g
H

i

t
n
e
m
n
r
e
v
o
g

e
h
t

r
o
f

n
r
e
c
n
o
c

e
h
t

r
o
f

n
r
e
c
n
o
c

f
o
s
e
u
s
s
i

g
n
o
m
a

t
o
n

,

y
t
i
r
o
i
r
p
w
o
L

t
n
e
m
n
r
e
v
o
g

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

27

22
39
47
23
19
37
21
27
25
30
53
24
22
68
33
20
20
23
22
21
31
33
40
32
41
17
9

5

2
15
4
2
4
13
1
3
8
5
5
2
3
0
14
3
1
4
1
5
9
11
13
2
9
2
2

53

64
42
40
63
61
43
60
43
51
50
35
57
52
27
42
60
53
42
65
52
50
45
41
57
40
66
59

15

12
4
9
12
16
7
18
27
16
15
7
17
23
5
11
17
26
31
12
22
10
11
6
9
10
15
30

T80 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB16B

In your view, how high should the issue of
integration of immigrants (from outside the EU) be
placed on the national government policy agenda?
(%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

e
s
a
c

e
h
t

s
i

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o
L

17

23
13
17
10
13
17
13
25
8
14
26
31
27
26
15
14
29
19
5
24
17
4
34
14
23
11
8

e
h
t

s
i

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

s
a

e
m
a
s

e
h
t

t
u
o
b
A

e
s
a
c

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

43

34
48
56
44
44
49
48
42
42
38
46
40
41
42
57
46
47
23
43
44
51
56
44
44
59
47
37

5

1
12
2
1
4
11
2
5
4
6
4
5
2
1
9
4
3
7
1
5
3
10
8
2
4
3
2

e
s
a
c

e
h
t

s
i

y
l
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

n
a
h
t

r
e
h
g
H

i

35

42
27
25
45
39
23
37
28
46
42
24
24
30
31
19
36
21
51
51
27
29
30
14
40
14
39
53

T81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB17

How important do you think it is that measures to fight the effects of the COVID-19
pandemic in (OUR COUNTRY) take into account the integration needs of immigrants?
(%)

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
r
e
V

31

26
41
28
24
36
27
57
54
42
17
31
25
50
15
33
28
32
51
30
27
20
47
26
40
41
38
37

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

t
a
h
w
e
m
o
S

44

48
38
33
34
41
35
35
32
46
42
46
53
41
40
38
54
51
37
30
39
56
49
40
38
33
42
34

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

y
r
e
v

t
o
N

14

19
10
24
19
13
18
6
8
6
16
18
14
5
31
12
10
11
9
19
17
15
2
20
13
15
12
16

e
h
t

f
o
t
n
u
o
c
c
a

e
k
a
t
o
t
d
e
e
n
o
n

e
e
s

I

s
t
n
a
r
g
m
m

i

i

f
o
s
d
e
e
n

n
o
i
t
a
r
g
e
t
n

i

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

1

0
2
2
1
1
2
0
2
1
5
1
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
2
0
2
0
0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

1
6
2
3
4
11
1
1
3
13
1
3
1
1
8
3
1
0
2
8
4
2
5
2
1
2
6

t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

i

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

5

6
3
11
19
5
7
1
3
2
7
3
4
3
13
6
5
5
3
18
7
4
0
7
7
8
6
7

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I
'

l

a
t
o
T

75

74
79
61
58
77
62
92
86
88
59
77
78
91
55
71
82
83
88
60
66
76
96
66
78
74
80
71

'
t
n
a
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

19

25
13
35
38
18
25
7
11
8
23
21
18
8
44
18
15
16
12
37
24
19
2
27
20
23
18
23

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 519 
November-December 2021 

QB18.1.1

You’re now going to be asked some questions about where you and your family were born.
(%)

R
U
O

(

n

i

n
r
o
b
t
n
e
d
n
o
p
s
e
R

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

0
-2
-1
1
0
0
2
1
2
-1
-5
-3
4
-4
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-3
0
-3
0
1
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

92

88
97
95
96
88
92
87
97
93
93
87
92
94
90
97
52
97
93
95
91
94
96
96
91
98
98
90

e
d
i
s
t
u
o

n
r
o
b
t
n
e
d
n
o
p
s
e
R

y
r
t
n
u
o
c

r
u
o

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

-1
3
0
-1
0
0
-2
-1
-2
1
4
3
-4
4
1
1
2
-1
1
1
3
0
3
0
-1
0
0

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

8

11
3
4
4
12
8
13
3
7
7
12
8
6
10
3
48
3
6
5
9
6
4
4
9
1
2
10

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

R
U
O

(

n

i

n
r
o
b
s
t
n
e
r
a
p

h
t
o
B

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C

n
r
o
b
t
n
e
r
a
p

e
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

y
r
t
n
u
o
c

r
u
o

e
d
i
s
t
u
o

n

i

n
r
o
b
s
t
n
e
r
a
p
d
n
a
r
g

l
l

A

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
R
U
O

(

t
n
e
r
a
p
d
n
a
r
g

e
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

y
r
t
n
u
o
c

r
u
o

e
d
i
s
t
u
o

n
r
o
b

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

0
-2
-2
3
0
-4
2
2
1
-3
-5
-4
2
-16
0
2
-2
-5
1
-2
-3
-1
-4
-5
0
0
-3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

14

22
4
12
8
23
25
16
6
9
18
20
10
9
38
8
63
6
11
9
19
8
7
5
20
5
5
20

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

1

0
3
2
-3
0
3
-2
-2
-1
1
4
4
-2
17
0
-3
2
4
-1
2
2
1
4
5
-1
0
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

80

68
93
79
84
70
61
83
89
90
66
71
88
90
47
87
24
90
85
85
67
87
92
93
72
89
90
70

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

-3
-2
-3
1
2
-3
1
5
1
-2
-6
-5
1
-13
1
-3
0
-5
2
3
-1
-1
-3
-7
0
2
-4

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

19

30
6
20
16
28
35
17
11
10
30
27
12
10
53
12
76
10
14
14
29
11
7
7
27
11
9
28

-

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

.
f
f
i

D

7
1
0
2

r
e
b
o
t
c
O

0

1
2
3
0
-3
3
-1
-5
-1
1
5
5
-1
18
0
4
1
4
-2
-5
0
0
4
8
1
-2
3

1
2
0
2

r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
/
r
e
b
m
e
v
o
N

86

78
96
88
92
77
73
84
94
91
80
79
90
91
62
92
36
94
88
91
81
91
93
95
80
94
95
80

T83