2021 Annual report on the implementation of the European Union's external action instruments in 2020 : the staff working document.
Date: 2022-02-23
Institutions: Directorate-General for International Partnerships
Subjects: EU aid, European neighbourhood policy, action programme, activity report, aid policy, civil defence, common security and defence policy, developing countries, development aid, development policy, financial aid, financial instrument, foreign policy, sustainable development

ISSN 2529-4024

2021
ANNUAL REPORT 

on the Implementation of the European Union's 
External Action Instruments in 2020
The Staff Working Document

International
Partnerships

Photo credits:  

Cover photo: © Tedos Teffera. 

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EUROPEAN 
COMMISSION 

Brussels, 16.12.2021  
SWD(2021) 388 final 

PART 1/2 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
Accompanying the document 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND 
THE COUNCIL  

2021 Annual Report   
 on the implementation of the European Union's External Action Instruments  
 in 2020 

{COM(2021) 816 final} 

EN 

  EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of contents 

0. 

Introduction: EU response to world developments in 2020 ........................................................... 1 

0.1. International Cooperation ............................................................................................................ 3 

0.2. European Neighbourhood Policy ................................................................................................. 4 

0.3. Humanitarian aid and civil protection .......................................................................................... 5 

0.4. EU enlargement ............................................................................................................................ 6 

0.5. Security and defence .................................................................................................................... 8 

0.6. Crisis response and preparedness .............................................................................................. 9 

0.7. Human rights and democracy .................................................................................................... 10 

1. 

Team Europe Approach: COVID-19 Response and Recovery ........................................................ 12 

2.  Delivering On Global Commitments: Fostering Sustainable Development .................................. 15 

2.1. Implementing the 2030 Agenda comprehensively and coherently ........................................... 15 

2.2. Means of implementation of the new agenda .......................................................................... 16 

2.3. New instruments and aid modalities ......................................................................................... 17 

2.4. Working better together with Member States .......................................................................... 18 

2.5. Policy Coherence for Development ........................................................................................... 20 

2.6. Development effectiveness ........................................................................................................ 20 

3. 

International Partnerships – Thematic Overview ......................................................................... 22 

Working together towards the SDGs and results achieved with EU support ................................... 22 

3.1. Human Development ................................................................................................................. 22 

SDG #1 No Poverty ........................................................................................................................ 23 

SDG #3 Good Health and Well-being ............................................................................................ 24 

SDG #4 Quality Education .............................................................................................................. 25 

SDG #5 Gender Equality ................................................................................................................ 26 

SDG #6 Clean Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................. 27 

SDG #10 Reduced Inequality ......................................................................................................... 28 

Selected results 2018-2020 ........................................................................................................... 29 

3.2. Green Deal .................................................................................................................................. 30 

SDG #2 Zero Hunger ...................................................................................................................... 31 

SDG #7 Affordable and Clean Energy ............................................................................................ 32 

SDG #11 Sustainable Cities and Communities .............................................................................. 33 

SDG #12 Responsible Consumption and Production .................................................................... 34 

SDG #13 Climate Action ................................................................................................................. 34 

I I 

 
 
SDG #14 Life below Water ............................................................................................................. 35 

SDG #15 Life on Land ..................................................................................................................... 36 

Selected results 2018-2020 ........................................................................................................... 37 

3.3. Sustainable Growth and Jobs ..................................................................................................... 39 

SDG #8 Decent Work and Economic Growth ................................................................................ 40 

SDG #17 Partnerships to achieve the Goal .................................................................................... 42 

Selected results 2018-2020 ........................................................................................................... 43 

3.4. Science, Technology, Innovation and Digitalisation ................................................................... 44 

SDG #9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ........................................................................... 47 

Selected results 2018-2020 ........................................................................................................... 48 

3.5. Migration and assistance to refugees and displaced persons ................................................... 48 

Selected results 2018-2020 ........................................................................................................... 50 

3.6. Governance, Peace and Security ................................................................................................ 50 

SDG #16 Peace, justice and strong institutions ............................................................................. 51 

Selected results 2018-2020 ........................................................................................................... 52 

4.  Geographic Overview .................................................................................................................... 54 

4.1. Sub-Saharan Africa ..................................................................................................................... 54 

4.1.1. 

Introduction (Policy developments) ............................................................................... 54 

4.1.2.  Working towards the SDGs ............................................................................................ 56 

4.1.3. 

Implementation .............................................................................................................. 57 

4.1.4. 

Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of 
 people affected by conflicts and disasters .................................................................... 61 

4.1.5. 

Crisis response and preparedness .................................................................................. 63 

4.2. Latin America and the Caribbean ............................................................................................... 65 

4.2.1. 

Latin America .................................................................................................................. 65 

4.2.2. 

The Caribbean ................................................................................................................ 71 

4.3. Asia, Central Asia, Middle East/Gulf and Pacific ........................................................................ 75 

4.3.1. 

Asia ................................................................................................................................. 75 

4.3.2. 

Central Asia .................................................................................................................... 82 

4.3.3.  Middle East/Gulf region ................................................................................................. 85 

4.3.4. 

The Pacific ...................................................................................................................... 91 

4.4. Enlargement ............................................................................................................................... 94 

4.4.1. 

Introduction (Policy developments) ............................................................................... 94 

4.4.2.  Working towards the SDGs ............................................................................................ 95 

4.4.3. 

Implementation .............................................................................................................. 95 

II II 

 
4.4.4. 

Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of 
 people affected by conflicts and disasters .................................................................. 101 

4.4.5. 

Crisis response and preparedness ................................................................................ 102 

4.4.6.  

The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) priorities ...................................... 102 

4.4.7. 

IPA Performance Framework. Aim and coverage of the IPA PF. Overview of key 
 results reported against the IPA PF ............................................................................. 103 

4.5. European Neighbourhood ........................................................................................................ 105 

4.5.1.  

European Neighbourhood East .................................................................................... 105 

4.5.2.  

European Neighbourhood South ................................................................................. 115 

4.6. Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) .............................................................................. 128 

4.6.1. 

Introduction (Policy developments) ............................................................................. 128 

4.6.2.  Working towards the SDGs .......................................................................................... 129 

4.6.3. 

Implementation ............................................................................................................ 130 

4.6.4. 

Humanitarian aid and civil protection – responding to the emergency needs of 
 people affected by conflicts and disasters .................................................................. 132 

5.  Managing Aid ............................................................................................................................... 133 

5.1. Monitoring Systems ................................................................................................................. 133 

5.1.1. 

New reporting system on SDGs .................................................................................... 133 

5.1.2. 

Evaluation: review of the work programme ................................................................ 139 

5.1.3. 

Lessons learned ............................................................................................................ 140 

5.2. Aid delivery modalities ............................................................................................................. 145 

5.2.1. 

Budget Support ............................................................................................................ 145 

5.2.2. 

Blending ........................................................................................................................ 149 

5.2.3. 

EU budget Guarantees ................................................................................................. 150 

5.2.4. 

Technical Assistance: TAIEX and Twinning ................................................................... 150 

5.3. Improving ways of working ...................................................................................................... 151 

5.3.1. 

Simplification of procedures ........................................................................................ 151 

5.4. Communication & transparency .............................................................................................. 152 

5.4.1. 

Communication ............................................................................................................ 152 

5.4.2. 

Transparency ................................................................................................................ 153 

5.4.3. 

Learning ........................................................................................................................ 154 

III 
III 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0. Introduction: EU response to world developments in 2020 

The coronavirus pandemic was the all-consuming topic dominating world affairs – and subsequently 
the EU’s external action – in 2020. In response to the crisis, the EU and its Member States developed 
the ‘Team Europe approach’ and mobilised more than EUR 40 billion in support of fighting COVID-19 
in our partner countries.95 The Team Europe approach was a major innovation in terms of how the 
EU,  Member  States,  their  implementing  agencies  and  European  Development  Finance  Institutions 
work  together,  in  particular  with  regard  to  projecting  a  united  image  vis-à-vis  Third  Countries. 
Following the logic  that ‘no one is safe until everyone is safe’, the  EU has committed  to  make the 
COVID-19 vaccines a global public good. To this end, the EU and its Member States have contributed 
over EUR 3 billion to the COVAX mechanism, making it one of the top donors. The goal is to provide 
vaccine doses for low and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and 
Pacific,  as  well  as  in  Europe’s  southern  and  eastern  neighbourhood.  Furthermore,  in  a  unique 
repatriation  effort,  the  EU  assisted  in  bringing  home  more  than  600  000  EU  citizens  who  found 
themselves stranded abroad because of the pandemic. 

While  mitigating  the  impact  of  COVID-19  in  the  most  vulnerable  countries  was  the  immediate 
priority,  the  EU  also  laid  the  ground  for  supporting  an  economically,  socially  and  environmentally 
sustainable global recovery aligned with the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals 
(SDGs).  The  EU  provided  debt  relief  to  vulnerable  low-income  countries  via  the  IMF  Catastrophe 
Containment  and  Relief  Trust  (CCRT)  with  a  contribution  of  EUR  183  million  making  it  the  largest 
contributor. New financial guarantees were signed under the European External Investment Plan to 
help boost investment in countries neighbouring the EU and in Africa. Moreover, the EU successfully 
advanced  two  major  structural  negotiations:  the  Neighbourhood,  Development  and  International 
Cooperation  Instrument  for  2021-27  and  the  post-Cotonou  framework  for  the  EU’s  relations  with 
the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. 

Regarding enlargement, the EU took an historic step by deciding to open accession negotiations with 
North Macedonia and Albania. In addition, it launched an ambitious Economic and Investment Plan 
for  the  Western  Balkans,  accompanied  by  the  Green  Agenda  for  the  Western  Balkans,  to  spur  the 
long-term post-pandemic recovery. The plan is designed to boost economic growth, promoting both 
digital  and  green  transitions  and  support  the  reforms  required  to  advance  the  Western  Balkan 
countries  on  their  EU  path.  2020  also  saw  an  increased  momentum  in  relations  with  Africa,  as 
reflected by the Joint Communication ‘Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa’96. Throughout 
2020, the EU continued to give priority to the geopolitical developments of its bordering countries 
and regions by pulling together all its tools in support of conflict management and resolution. This 
included, among others, initiatives to support Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial unity, strengthen 
the healthcare system in Libya and support civil society in Syria. The EU’s efforts to promote peace 
and stability extends to the Sahel region (Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mauritania) and is a 
good  example  of  the  EU  mobilising  diplomacy,  civilian  and  military  missions,  humanitarian, 
stabilisation and development aid in an integrated approach.  

95 The Team Europe approach combines resources, ways of working, expertise and tools of the EU, Member 
States,  their  implementing  agencies  and  European  Development  Finance  Institutions,  while  respecting  EU 
competences and the decision-making procedures established by the EU Treaties. 
96 JOIN(2020) 4 final of 9 March 2020. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

A  joint  communication  on  the  post-2020  Eastern  Partnership  policy  framework  was  adopted  in 
March,  focusing  on  strengthening  resilience  of  the  partners.  After  the  Presidential  elections  in 
Belarus  on  9  August  and  the  ensuing  protests,  the  EU  took  a  position  in  support  of  the  country’s 
democratic aspirations, including through sanctions against those responsible for electoral fraud and 
the  subsequent  violence,  but  also  by  stepping  up  support  to  civil  society,  youth  and  independent 
media.  In  the  Eastern  Mediterranean,  the  tensions  with  Turkey  continued  to  rise  throughout  the 
year. The EU remains committed to defending its interests and those of its Member States as well as 
to  upholding  regional  stability.  It  also  remains  interested  in  a  cooperative  and  mutually  beneficial 
relationship with Turkey. This includes the full commitment to the 2016 EU-Turkey Statement, which 
continued  to  be  implemented,  including  after  increased  migratory  pressure  at  the  EU  border  with 
Turkey during February and March 2020. 

On  EU-US  relations,  the  outcome  of  the  November  presidential  elections  presented  a  fresh 
opportunity  to  move  the  transatlantic  agenda  towards  closer  cooperation.  This  partnership, 
presented in the Joint Communication ‘A new EU - US agenda for global change’97, will allow Europe 
and the United States to work together on several strategic issues, including climate change, health, 
and  the  implementation  of  the  2030  Agenda  on  sustainable  development.  The  EU  furthermore 
sought  to  consolidate  its  partnership  with  China,  working  to  establish  a  relationship  based  on  the 
promotion  of  our  values  and  greater  reciprocity  and  a  level  playing  field  in  economic,  science, 
technology and innovation (STI), trade and investment relations.  

The  promotion  and  protection  of  human  rights  is  a  cornerstone  of  EU  external  action,  reaffirmed 
through its Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020-202498. The adoption of the EU Global 
Human  Rights  Sanctions  Regime99  on  7  December  and  subsequent  listings  in  March  2021  are 
tangible examples of the EU’s determination to defend human rights globally, and has equipped the 
EU  with  a  framework  that  allows  it  to  target  those  responsible  for,  involved  in  or  associated  with 
serious human rights violations and abuses worldwide.  

While  the  concept  of  multilateralism  has  been  challenged  in  recent  years,  the  EU  has  remained  a 
staunch supporter of an international rules-based order, with the United Nations (UN) at its core. In 
2020, when the UN celebrated its 75th anniversary, the EU strongly supported the conviction that 
multilateralism  remains  the  best  method  to  address  ever  increasing  global  challenges,  including 
through the implementation of universally agreed frameworks for action, such as the SDGs and the 
Paris  agreement.  It  was  a  key  year  for  multilateralism  as  the  worldwide  impact  of  the  pandemic 
demonstrated the need for intensified international cooperation between scientists, economists and 
policymakers  at  the  UN,  International  Monetary  Fund  (IMF)  and  within  the  G7  and  G20  and  other 
international fora. In particular, the EU strongly engaged in promoting global health cooperation as 
the most effective response to the pandemic. 

97 JOIN(2020) 22 final of 2 December 2020. 

98 JOIN(2020) 5 final of 25 March 2020. 

99 OJ L 410I 7.12.2020, p. 1. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

instruments  managed  by  Commission 
This  Annual  Report  covers  the  following  financing 
departments  during  2020:  the  European  Development  Fund  (EDF)  and  all  instruments  funded  by 
Budget Heading IV (Europe in the World), namely: the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), 
the  European  Neighbourhood  Instrument  (ENI),  the  Instrument  for  Pre-Accession  (IPA),  the 
Instrument  contributing  to  Stability  and  Peace  (IcSP),  the  Common  Foreign  and  Security  Policy 
(CFSP),  the  European  Instrument  for  Democracy  and  Human  Rights  (EIDHR),  the  Partnership 
Instrument  (PI),  Humanitarian  Aid,  the  Instrument  for  Nuclear  Safety  Cooperation  (INSC)  and  the 
Instrument for Greenland. 

0.1. 

International Cooperation 

In  relation  to  international  partnerships,  action  in  2020  has  focused  on  promoting  EU  priorities 
externally, notably green alliances. At the same time, 2020 has been a particularly challenging year 
due  to  the  pandemic,  which  wreaked  havoc  worldwide.  Yet,  it  was  the  year  in  which  nations  saw 
that  the  way  forward  to  rebuild  a  post  COVID-19  world  was  through  solid  collaboration  and 
partnerships and by investing in a renewed type of multilateralism. The pandemic forced the EU to 
revisit  its  objectives  and  design  a  new  era  of  international  cooperation,  in  a  manner  that  truly 
balances  economic,  social  and  environmental  progress  as  envisioned  by  the  2030  Agenda  and  its 
SDGs.  

In 2020, the EU proved to be a reliable partner in tackling the COVID-19 crisis globally. The EU was at 
the forefront in aligning the COVID-19 response and recovery efforts with the SDGs to help address 
today’s  challenges  while  also  building  more  inclusive  economies  within  sustainable  and  resilient 
societies, in line with the Joint Communication on the Global EU response to COVID-19100. In doing 
so,  the  EU  contributed  through  its  actions  to  poverty  eradication  and  to  sustainable  development 
while  promoting  European  values  and  interests,  namely  peace,  security,  democracy,  good 
governance,  rule  of  law and  respect  of  human  rights.  The  EU  embraced  a  multilateral  approach  in 
the COVID-19 response in Europe and outside. Working together in a ‘Team Europe approach’, the 
European Union, the European Investment Bank, the EU Member States and the European Bank for 
Reconstruction  and  Development  mobilised  over  EUR  40  billion.  The  commitment  was  to  support 
partner  countries  with  their  emergency  response,  to  strengthen  health,  water  and  sanitation 
systems and to help mitigate the socio-economic impact.  

The  EU,  together  with  its  partners,  is  working  to  deliver  a  global  recovery  that  seeks  to  reduce 
inequalities and promote a just transition at the global level. At the High-Level Event on Financing for 
Development  in  the  COVID-19  Era  and  Beyond  in  May  2020,  President  von  der  Leyen  proposed  a 
Global  Recovery  Initiative  that  links  debt  relief  and  investment  to  the  SDGs  with  the  aim  of 
supporting a sustainable recovery that is green, digital, just, inclusive and resilient. 

Inter-institutional  discussions  intensified  throughout  2020  to  finalise  the  EU  Multiannual  Financial 
Framework  for  2021-2027.  The  new  Neighbourhood,  Development  and  International  Cooperation 
Instrument  (NDICI)  will  be  the  main  tool  to  fund  external  cooperation,  covering  the  entire  world 
except  for  pre-accession  countries  and  EU  overseas  countries  and  territories.  Work  continued  in 
parallel to prepare the next programming exercise. The guidelines for drafting multiannual indicative 

100 JOIN(2020) 11 final of 8 April 2020. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

programmes  were  published  in  November,  setting  out  how  to  implement  the  NDICI  at  country, 
regional, and thematic levels including through specifying the contribution to EU priorities and to the 
SDGs.  

The  EU  continued  to  be  actively  engaged  in  development-related  UN  processes  and  strongly 
promote the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Climate Agreement, such as the High-Level Political Forum 
on sustainable development and the Conferences of the Parties of the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the margins of the virtual UN General Assembly, the EU 
also participated in several related events, such as the SDGs Business Forum. The EU also organised a 
side-event on Team Europe in the margins of the Special Session of the General Assembly. The EU 
also continued to reinforce its partnerships with the International Financial Institutions, in particular 
with the World Bank Group and the IMF, to cooperate in the pursuit of these universal commitments 
and shared priorities.  

The EU’s relationship with Africa remained a key priority for Commission departments. In March, the 
EU launched its vision for strengthening the EU’s partnership with Africa in a Joint Communication 
‘Towards  a  Comprehensive  Strategy  with  Africa’,  which  proposes  to  deepen  EU-Africa  cooperation 
through  partnerships  in  five  key  areas  closely  related  to  EU  political  priorities  and  to  the 
implementation of the SDGs as a shared agenda: green transition; digital transformation; sustainable 
growth  and  jobs;  peace  and  governance;  and  migration  and  mobility.  Negotiations  continued 
towards  a  new  Partnership  Agreement  with  the  79  members  of  the  Organisation  of  African, 
Caribbean and Pacific States.  

European Neighbourhood Policy 

0.2. 
In  2020,  the  EU  continued  to  implement  its  European  Neighbourhood  Policy  (ENP)  to  advance 
reforms and build resilience and prosperity in the EU’s neighbourhood. Throughout the year, despite 
delays in implementation caused by the pandemic, the ENP mobilised significant support for its four 
priorities101, in line with the principles of differentiation, shared ownership and an incentive-based 
approach.  The  EU  continued  to  drive  forward  programmes  to  assist  Neighbourhood  countries  in 
tackling  the  causes  of  instability,  including  through  a  sustained  focus  on  health  and  economic  and 
social  consequences  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  as  well  as  good  governance,  the  rule  of  law  and 
human rights. Funds committed by the EU and its Member States in 2020 for COVID-19 support in 
the Neighbourhood region amounted to more than EUR 12.1 billion (see Table 1 in Chapter 1), out of 
which over EUR 5.7 billion came from the Commission102. Significant efforts at bilateral and regional 
levels continued to increase the capacity of civil society across the region in terms of policy shaping 
to  support  human  rights  defenders  and  freedom,  as  well  as  the  accountability  of  states  to  their 
citizens. 

In the Eastern Neighbourhood, the 20 Deliverables for 2020 reform agenda103 continued to deliver 
tangible results across the region. Following the structured consultation on the future of the Eastern 
Partnership  carried  out  in  2019,  the  EU  adopted  a  new  Joint  Communication  ‘Eastern  Partnership 

101  The  ENP’s  priority  areas  are:  good  governance,  democracy,  human  rights  and  the  rule  of  law;  economic 
development for stabilisation; security; and migration and mobility. 
102 This figure includes Macro-Financial Assistance loans amounting to EUR 2.25 billion. 
103 SWD(2017) 300 final of 9 June 2017. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

policy beyond 2020: Reinforcing Resilience - an Eastern Partnership that delivers for all’104 in March 
2020.  The  Joint  Communication  sets  out  five  long-term  policy  objectives  under  an  overarching 
framework  of  resilience.  These  objectives  are:  resilient,  sustainable  and  integrated  economies; 
accountable  institutions,  the  rule  of  law  and  security;  environmental  and  climate  resilience;  a 
resilient  digital  transformation;  and  resilient,  fair  and  inclusive  societies.  Based  on  this  Joint 
Communication, the EU has been developing, in close cooperation with all stakeholders, a successor 
reform  agenda  to  the  20  Deliverables  for  2020,  with  a  new  set  of  Eastern  Partnership  targets  and 
specific  measures  for  post-Covid  recovery.  The  work  on  shaping  the  post-2020  reform  priorities 
continued  in  2021  in  view  of  endorsement  at  the  sixth  Eastern  Partnership  Summit.  In  addition  to 
the multilateral dimension of the Eastern Partnership, the EU supported cross-regional cooperation 
such as the Black Sea Synergy and Northern Dimension policies. 

In 2020, the situation in the Southern Neighbourhood remained challenging and was aggravated by 
the pandemic. Developments in the region varied between countries. Crises continued in Syria and 
Libya, although the conflict intensity decreased. Prospects of conflict settlements between Israel and 
Palestine*105 remained weak, despite a series of normalisation agreements between Israel and some 
Arab countries. The dramatic socio-economic situation in Lebanon was aggravated by the Beirut port 
blast  in  August  2020  and  plunged  more  of  the  population  into  poverty.  The  situation  in  several 
countries remained politically stable, and new cooperation initiatives, in particular with Morocco (on 
a green partnership and security cooperation), were developed. In general, the economic situation 
remained high priority in  most partner countries.  Moreover, the  human rights situation and space 
left to civil society and independent media continued to deteriorate in many countries. The issue of 
migration  and  mobility  remained  high  on  the  political  agenda  between  the  EU  and  the  Southern 
Neighbourhood. 

The 25th Anniversary of the Barcelona Declaration in November 2020 was an opportunity to reflect 
on the priorities of the EU partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood, especially in the context 
of  a  post-COVID  recovery,  leading  to  a  Joint  Communication  on  a  renewed  partnership  with  the 
Southern Mediterranean adopted on 9 February 2021106. The Joint Communication proposes a new, 
ambitious  and  innovative  Agenda  for  the  Mediterranean,  drawing  on  the  full  EU  toolbox  and  the 
opportunities of the twin  green and  digital transitions to relaunch our cooperation and realise the 
untapped potential of our shared region. It sets the key directions for our partnership and a range of 
actions along five key policy areas. These are: Human development, good governance and the rule of 
law;  Resilience,  prosperity  and  the  digital  transformation;  Peace  and  security;  Migration  and 
mobility;  and  Green  transition,  climate  resilience,  energy  and  environment.  The  new  Agenda  will 
guide  the  EU’s  bilateral,  regional  and  cross-regional  cooperation  under  the  Neighbourhood, 
Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI). 

0.3.  Humanitarian aid and civil protection 

The  EU  together  with  its  Member  States  is  the  world's  leading  donor  for  humanitarian  assistance 
and is consistently at the forefront of the response to humanitarian crises and disasters, acting on 

104 JOIN(2020) 7 final of 18 March 2020. 
105 *This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to 
the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 
106 JOIN(2021) 2 final of 9 February 2021. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

the basis of the Humanitarian Aid Regulation and the Union Civil Protection Mechanism. Activities in 
2020 were largely driven by COVID-19: a global health emergency that required an unprecedented 
response both within and outside the EU. In this particularly challenging context, the EU provided a 
clear example of solidarity in action at home and around the world. Humanitarian needs were at an 
all-time high, driven by a resurgence in state-based conflicts, combined with the impact of climate 
change,  environmental  degradation,  global  population  growth  and  failed  governance.  The  EU 
delivered  a  strong  and  coordinated  response  in  Europe  and  beyond  and  was  a  key  player  in 
responding to the COVID-19 crisis globally. 

The Commission departments funded humanitarian organisations in a wide range of crises in more 
than 80 countries and regions including Syria, Turkey, Yemen, South Sudan, Venezuela, Afghanistan, 
the  Sahel  region  and  Ukraine.  The  larger  part  of  EU  humanitarian  funding  was  dedicated  to 
addressing  needs  arising  from  protracted  crises.  Conflict  and  COVID-19  were  the  main  drivers  of 
humanitarian needs, while natural disasters also triggered significant emergency aid. In response to 
unprecedented humanitarian needs, the EU's final  humanitarian aid budget for 2020 amounted to 
EUR 2 138 million. In addition to being a key donor, the EU played an important role in developing 
thematic  policies,  supporting  multilateral  action,  and  coordinating  approaches  with  the  Member 
States. 

To enable Member States and humanitarian partners to transport humanitarian staff and supplies to 
fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and to  maintain the flow of humanitarian assistance and personnel, 
Commission departments put in place the EU Humanitarian Air Bridge (HAB) offering air transport to 
and  from  various  destinations  worldwide.  The  EU  HAB  operations  focused  on  the  most  critical 
humanitarian  emergencies  with  access  difficulties,  mainly  in  Africa,  but  also  in  Asia,  Latin  America 
and the Middle East. A total of 67 flights supporting the distribution of more than 1 150 tonnes of 
supplies were delivered to over 20 countries107. 

In  total,  the  Union  Civil  Protection  Mechanism  was  activated  102  times  in  2020  for  a  variety  of 
natural  and  human-induced  disasters  with  45  requests  for  assistance  from  within  Europe,  55 
requests from non-EU Participating States and 2 from international organisations.  

EU enlargement 

0.4. 
In  2020,  major  developments  took  place  on  the  EU  enlargement  agenda.  In  February  2020,  the 
Commission adopted proposals to enhance the accession process108, and in March, the members of 
the  European  Council  endorsed  the  General  Affairs  Council’s  decision  to  open  accession 
negotiations109 with the Republic of Albania and with the Republic of North Macedonia. At the EU-
Western Balkans Summit110 on 6 May 2020, the EU leaders reaffirmed the Union’s determination to 
intensify further its engagement with the region.  

2020 was marked by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EU, while being seriously affected 
itself by this crisis, has provided extensive support to the efforts of the governments, in particular in 

107 Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea 
Bissau,  Haiti,  Iraq,  Iran,  Ivory  Coast,  Lebanon,  Nigeria,  Peru,  São  Tomé  and  Príncipe,  Somalia,  South  Sudan, 
Sudan, Venezuela, Yemen. 
108 COM(2020) 57 final of 5 February 2020. 
109 Council conclusions on Enlargement and Stabilisation and Association Process. 
110 Zagreb declaration. 

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the Western Balkans, to address those challenges. The EU reallocated EU financial assistance in view 
of the urgencies faced by the region due to the crisis, both in terms of health and socio-economic 
needs.  The Commission has mobilised  a package of over EUR 1.6 billion to  the benefit of Western 
Balkans  citizens  and  businesses,  while  Turkey  chose  not  to  request  the  redirection  of  EU  grant 
funding111 and the Commission mobilised around EUR 100 million in contingencies and savings under 
existing  financial  commitments  for  Turkey.  Support  from  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  for  the 
Western Balkans and Turkey amounted to more than EUR 5.2 billion (see Table 1 in Chapter 1). 

The  annual  enlargement  package112  was  adopted  on  6  October,  in  parallel  with  the  Economic  and 
Investment Plan for the Western Balkans113 accompanied by the Guidelines on the implementation 
of  the  Green  Agenda  for  the  Western  Balkans114.  The  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  aims  to 
mobilise up to EUR 9 billion of IPA III funding for the period 2021-2027 to spur the long-term post-
pandemic recovery, boost economic growth, encompassing the dual digital and green transition, and 
support  reforms  required  for  accession,  including  bringing  the  Western  Balkans  closer  to  the  EU 
Single Market. It aims to unleash the untapped economic potential of the region and the significant 
scope for increased intraregional economic cooperation and trade. The investment capacity of the 
region will also be boosted by the mobilisation of a new Western Balkans Guarantee facility, with the 
ambition to potentially raise investments of up to EUR 20 billion. 

The Berlin Process summit in Sofia in November 2020 under the joint chairmanship of Bulgaria and 
North  Macedonia  was  an  opportunity  to  kick-start  the  implementation  of  the  Plan,  with  the 
Commission bringing to the table a package of six priority investment projects in connectivity worth 
EUR 120 million. The EU’s political dialogue with the Western Balkans continued. Provisions under 
the  Stabilisation  and  Association  Agreements  continued  to  be  broadly  implemented  and  the 
meetings  of  the  joint  bodies  under  the  agreements  took  place  at  regular  intervals.  In  2020,  EU–
Turkey  relations  witnessed  an  all-time-low  due  to  Turkey’s  increasingly  assertive  foreign  policy 
actions  in  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  the  Aegean  Sea,  developments  in  Cyprus,  its  unilateral 
military  action  in  Syria,  regression  on  reform,  its  obligations  under  the  Customs  Union,  and  on 
migration  cooperation.  The  EU  continued  to  express  serious  concerns  over  the  continued 
deterioration  of  democracy,  the  rule  of  law,  fundamental  rights  and  the  systemic  lack  of  judicial 
independence  in  Turkey.  The  Council  conclusions  of  June  2018  and  June  2019,  concluding  that 
Turkey’s accession negotiations have effectively come to a standstill and no further chapters can be 
considered for opening or closing and no further work towards modernising the EU–Turkey Customs 
Union is foreseen, remained in place. 

In  response  to  Turkey's  unauthorised  drilling  activities  in  the  Eastern  Mediterranean,  in  February 
2020,  the  Council  decided  to  place  two  persons  under  restrictive  measures.  The  December  2020 
European Council invited the Council to adopt additional listings under the sanctions regime in view 
of Turkey’s unauthorised drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean and offered a positive EU-
Turkey agenda, provided Turkey shows readiness to promote a genuine partnership with the EU and 
its Member States and to resolve differences through dialogue and in accordance with international 
law. 

111 Funding allocated within the existing Multiannual Indicative Programme 2014-2020.  
112 COM(2020) 660 final of 6 October 2020. 
113 COM(2020) 641 final of 6 October 2020. 
114 SWD(2020) 223 final of 6 October 2020 

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The  Facility  for  Refugees  in  Turkey  is  a  key  component  of  the  2016  EU–Turkey  Statement.  It 
continued to coordinate existing EU assistance instruments to ensure that the needs of refugees and 
host communities in Turkey were addressed swiftly and effectively. By the end of 2020, the Facility’s 
operational  funding  allocation  of  EUR  6  billion  had  been  fully  contracted,  and  more  than  EUR  4 
billion  of  this  disbursed,  supporting  refugee  needs  in  the  areas  of  education,  health,  livelihoods, 
protection, municipal infrastructure and socio-economic support. 

0.5. 

Security and defence 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  exacerbated  an  already  challenging  security  environment.  The  EU 
adopted  a  collaborative  crisis  management  approach  to  ensure  the  best  possible  handling  of  the 
crisis in view of the severity of the coronavirus pandemic. 

In  particular,  civilian-military  cooperation  in  support  of  civil  protection  and  for  humanitarian 
assistance  purposes  has  been  made  more  relevant  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  as  recourse  to 
military  assets  and  capabilities  became  needed.  An  ad-hoc  European  External  Action  Service 
(EEAS)/EU Military Staff Task Force was created and worked together with Commission departments 
on military support and assistance to civilian authorities during the first wave of the pandemic. The 
Task  Force  allowed  information  exchanges  on  national  military  support  and  assistance  to  civilian 
authorities, including EU efforts in the field of civil protection and humanitarian assistance. Military 
assistance  in  support  of  civilian  authorities  in  emergency  situations  will  be  also  taken  up  in  the 
framework of the Strategic Compass. 

Furthermore,  in  an  unprecedented  effort,  the  EEAS  supported  Member  States  with  their  consular 
assistance  to  EU  citizens  stranded  abroad  due  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  notably  through  its 
network of local consular correspondents in the 143 EU Delegations and a dedicated Task Force in 
Brussels.  EU  Delegations,  working  with  Member  State  consular  networks,  provided  practical 
information to EU citizens in third countries on their options and organised their repatriation to the 
EU.  More  than  625  000  EU  citizens  were  repatriated  to  Europe  from  countries  all  over  the  world. 
This massive operation, the first-ever of this magnitude, took place from late January to July 2020. It 
mobilised  around  2 600  commercial  flights  and  408  special  flights  funded  by  the  European  Union 
Civil Protection Mechanism (EUCPM), which brought back home around 90 000 EU citizens. Special 
attention was also given to EU citizens stranded on cruise ships and EU seafarers.  

On  a  longer-term  strand  of  work,  preparations  for  an  EU  Strategic  Compass  started  in  2020.  This 
forward-looking  document  will  aim  to  give  the  EU  a common  strategic  direction  in  the  area  of 
security and defence and enhance the implementation of the EU’s ambitions in this field. As an initial 
step,  the  first  ever threat  analysis based  on  inputs  coming  from  the  intelligence  services  of  all  EU 
Member States was conducted. This threat analysis will be translated into a comprehensive strategy 
to respond to the growing threats and challenges faced by the EU on the international stage. 

Regarding  Common  Security  and  Defence  Policy (CSDP)  missions  and  operations,  Operation  Irini 
(named after the Greek goddess for peace) was launched on 31 March 2020, with the mandate to 
support the implementation of the arms embargo on Libya under the relevant UN Security Council 
resolutions. The operation also has secondary tasks including monitoring illegal oil trafficking from 
Libya, contributing to countering human trafficking and smuggling activities and contributing to the 
training of the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy. Special on-line training courses have been rolled-out to 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

raise awareness on COVID-19 and how to mitigate the limitations imposed by the current COVID-19 
pandemic in continuing activities.  

Support  continued  to  the  G5  Sahel  countries,  especially  through  the  provision  of  security  training 
tailored to the needs of the countries and to help foster their cross-border security cooperation. In 
the context of the holistic and coordinated strategic review of CSDP engagement in Somalia and the 
Horn  of  Africa,  the  mandate  of  Operation  ATALANTA,  the  EU’s  executive  military  maritime 
operation, and of the two civilian missions (EUTM Somalia and EUCAP Somalia) was extended to 31 
December 2022. 

Furthermore,  the  EU’s  civilian  crisis  management  abilities,  in  particular  through  civilian  CSDP 
missions,  remains  crucial.  In  2020,  eleven  civilian  CSDP  Missions  (in  Ukraine,  Georgia,  Kosovo*, 
Libya,  the  Palestinian  Territories  (Ramallah  and  Rafah),  Niger,  Mali,  Somalia,  Iraq  and  the  Central 
African  Republic)  worked  to  increase  human  security.  Around  2 000  staff  work  in  the  field,  and 
around 100 at headquarters. The total cost of the civilian CSDP Missions is currently around EUR 281 
million/year,  out  of  which  civilian  missions  returned  EUR  40  million  in  unused  funding  to  the 
Commission in 2020 due an average 80 % budget implementation rate.  

In line with the negotiations for the next EU Multiannual Financial Framework, advances were made 
in  relation  to  the  new  EU’s  external  instruments  toolbox.  A  provisional  agreement  was  reached 
between  the  Council  Presidency  and  European  Parliament  on  a  regulation  setting  up  the 
Neighbourhood,  Development  and  International  Cooperation  Instrument  (NDICI),  which  will 
support  actions  for  crisis  management,  conflict  prevention,  stability  and  peace  building. 
Furthermore,  a  political  agreement  was  reached  on  the  establishment  of  the  European  Peace 
Facility  (EPF),  the  new  global  off-budget  instrument  that  will  finance  actions  having  military  or 
defence  implications,  under  the  Common  Foreign  and  Security  Policy,  with  the  aim  of  preventing 
conflict, preserving peace and strengthening international security and stability.  

The  16  June  2020  Council  conclusions115  on  EU  External  Action  for  Preventing  and  Countering 
Terrorism  and  Violent  Extremism  emphasised  the  need  for  the  EU  to  maintain  focus  on  the  EU’s 
closest Neighbourhood and a more structured cooperation on counter terrorism and preventing or 
countering violent extremism.  

0.6.  Crisis response and preparedness 

While the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic dominated 2020, the EU continued to implement its 
integrated  approach  to  conflicts  and  crises  through  timely  crisis  response  interventions  under  the 
Instrument  contributing  to  Stability  and  Peace  (IcSP)  and  through  common  foreign  and  security 
policy actions across the world.  

* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ 
Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 
115 Council conclusions on EU External Action on Preventing and Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism, 
16 June 2020, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/44446/st08868-en20.pdf . 

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Through its actions, the EU contributed to:  

conflict prevention; 

• 
•  mediation, dialogue and peace building;  
• 
• 
• 
• 

stabilisation and human security;  
strengthening the rule of law;  
the fight against violent extremism, stigmatisation and disinformation; and  
security sector reforms.  

The  EU  remains  one  of  few  actors  with  a  global  presence  and  a  complete  policy  toolbox.  The 
significant steps made in security and defence show that the EU is taking greater responsibility for its 
defence and in assisting partners in peace and security. Political agreements have been reached on 
the  European  Defence  Fund  and  the  European  Peace  Facility.  Under  the  Common  Security  and 
Defence  Policy  (CSDP),  the  EU  operates  civilian  and  military  missions  worldwide.  These  missions 
carry out a variety of tasks, ranging from supporting management of borders to training local police.  

The EU is prioritising early warning and conflict analysis and, wherever possible, a focus on conflict 
prevention,  for  example  in  connection  to  electoral  processes  or  the  risk  of  tensions  between 
migrants and host communities. Reforms in the area of the rule of law and anti-corruption are key 
for  sustainable  governance  systems.  Inspired  by  the  EU  strategic  framework  on  Security  Sector 
Reform  (SSR),  support  to  SSR  activities  remains  important  in  contexts  affected  by,  or  at  risk  of, 
conflict. The IcSP and several CSDP missions support SSR-related actions with a continued emphasis 
on capacity building, training, promoting good governance and respect for universal human rights, 
and compliance with international humanitarian law. 

The EU’s engagement with international organisations continues to reflect its strong commitment to 
the  rule-based  multilateral  order.  Work  to  coordinate  international  efforts  in  conflict  and  post-
conflict  settings  continued  with  the  UN  and  other  international  organisations.  In  addition  to 
continued support to the UN peace architecture, this also includes regular operational dialogues and 
working-level exchanges with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and 
its Conflict Prevention Centre on topics such as mediation, gender, and the inclusion of women and 
youth in peace processes. 

The  EU  also  continued  to  pursue  its  strategic  interests  through  fostering  dialogue  on  values  and 
global challenges with key partners across the world and through economic cooperation, trade and 
investments. Human rights and gender equality, as well as support for women, peace and security, 
are central to all EU policies. The EU seeks to broaden conversations, defend and promote European 
values,  build  new  cross-regional  alliances  and  project  influence,  contributing  in  this  way  to  the 
security  of  the  EU  and  its  citizens.  Also  of  importance  are  the  EU’s  dialogues  on  non-proliferation 
and  disarmament,  cyber  security,  maritime  security  and  on  the  internal/external  security  nexus 
including in the area of counterterrorism. 

0.7.  Human rights and democracy 

In a context of shrinking civic and democratic space, worsened by the current COVID crisis, the need 
for transparency and accountability over government actions is more important than ever. The EU 
re-affirmed its unconditional support to Human Rights and Democracy worldwide and the European 
Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) remained the symbol of EU global leadership 
on these topics.  

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Among  key  democracy  support  actions  this  year,  a  highlight  is  the  Global  Monitor  of  COVID-19’s 
Impact on Democracy and Human Rights a one-stop online global monitoring platform (tracker of 
trackers).  Independent  journalists  and  media  outlets  were  supported  to  counter  disinformation 
efforts and travel restrictions and restrictive measures taken by governments. The EU’s service for 
Foreign  Policy  Instruments  (FPI)  deployed  17  electoral  missions  and  remote  desk  reviews  and 
supported  14  electoral  processes  involving  around  350  staff  on  the  ground,  with  the  objective  to 
provide  a  comprehensive,  independent  and  impartial  assessment  of  electoral  processes  and 
enhance  transparency  and  accountability.  The  European  Endowment  for  Democracy  (EED)  further 
extended its operations in the Neighbourhood, Turkey and the Western Balkans with 320 new grants 
in 2020, and almost 40 % of funding going in support of journalists, independent media and social 
media  platforms.  In  Belarus,  for  instance,  EU4Belarus:  Solidarity  with  the  People  of  Belarus  was 
launched in support of the unprecedented grassroots activism and mass protests. Support to human 
rights  defenders  remained  a  priority  with  ProtectDefenders  and  the  Emergency  Fund  for  human 
rights defenders at risk providing life-saving support to thousands of defenders. In total, the EIDHR 
provided support to 1 711 human rights defenders and family members.  

Throughout the year, civil society was a key partner in our democracy support. The EIDHR piloted an 
initiative  empowering  civil  society  to  demand  systemic  change  and  to  address  accountability  and 
anti-corruption  deficits  in  16  countries  (SANCUS  project).  The  EED,  through  an  emergency  small 
grants  scheme,  continued  to  support  civil  society  organisations  (CSOs),  human  rights  activists  and 
independent media. And, to respond to increasing levels of negligence and violence against children, 
a  EUR  10  million  project  partnering  with  a  consortium  of  CSOs  was  put  in  place  to  strengthen 
national  child  protection  systems  and  raise  children’s  voices  in  five  African  countries.  At  country 
level,  the  EU  supported  196  new  initiatives  led  by  CSOs,  in  particular  local  organisations,  totalling 
some EUR 123 million in over 82 partner countries. For instance, regional civil society projects such 
as  Majalat  or  Med  Dialogue  for  Rights  and  Equality  continued  their  regional  capacity  building  and 
policy dialogue with civil society related to Human Rights and Democracy at large.  

At  multilateral  level,  support  continued  for  organisations  such  as  the  Office  of  the  High 
Commissioner for Human Rights, the International Criminal Court and the Global Campus of Human 
Rights,  a  unique  network  of  one  hundred  universities  around  the  world  playing  a  leading  role  in 
education, research and advocacy in human rights and democratisation. 200 students graduated in 
2020  from  one  of  its  seven  regional  master  programmes.  Implementation  of  joint  programmes 
continued focusing on human rights in the context of our strategic partnership with the Council of 
Europe  in  the  Western  Balkans  and  Turkey,  and  the  Eastern  and  the  Southern  Neighbourhood 
regions through the Instrument for Pre-Accession assistance (IPA) and the European Neighbourhood 
Instrument (ENI). Overall, the EU continued to support reforms aimed at strengthening democratic 
institutions and reinforcing the protection of human rights.  

In  November  2020,  the  Council  adopted  conclusions  on  the  Action  Plan  on  Human  Rights  and 
Democracy 2020-2024. The Action Plan sets out the EU's level of ambition and priorities in this field 
in  its  relations  with  all  third  countries  and  will  guide  the  programming  of  the  EIDHR  successor 
programme  under  the  2021-2027  Multiannual  Financial  Framework.  In  a  digital  age  plagued  by 
disinformation,  this  Action  Plan  also  promotes  enhancement  of  democracy  and  transparency 
through media literacy. 

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Team Europe Approach: COVID-19 Response and Recovery 

1. 
The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  created  extraordinary  and  unprecedented  challenges  in  Europe  and 
across the world, deepening inequalities within countries and regions, and between them. Against a 
backdrop of heightened geopolitical rivalries, disinformation and ‘battle of narratives’, the European 
Union  has  demonstrated  its  leadership  and  responsibility  by  putting  together  a  collective, 
coordinated  and coherent global response to the pandemic, bringing together the EU, its Member 
States,  their  diplomatic  network,  finance  institutions  including  national  development  banks  and 
implementing agencies, as well as the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank for 
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in a Team Europe approach. 

The Team Europe approach sent a strong message of European solidarity with partner countries in 
all  regions  and  set  out  the  EU’s  resolve  to  exercise  global  leadership  for  a  sustainable  recovery, 
aligned  with  the  SDGs.  Strategic  joint  communication  at  all  levels  and  extensive  use  of  the  visual 
identity of Team Europe by all its members helped to further strengthen this message in 2020.  

The  Council  conclusions  on  Team  Europe  Response  to  COVID-19116  set  out  the  Team  Europe 
approach  in  support  of  partner  countries  and  multilateralism  with  a  focus  on  three  priorities: 
emergency  response;  support  to  health,  water/sanitation  and  nutrition  systems;  and  support  to 
socio-economic recovery to help partner countries ‘build back better and greener’. The total Team 
Europe response amounted to over EUR 40 billion as of 1 January 2021,117 65 % of which has already 
been disbursed118. See Table 1 below.  

Table 1. Team Europe approach and COVID-19 response and recovery 

Under the emergency response, existing or planned humanitarian operations were adapted to factor 
in the COVID-19 situation and resulting needs. New funding was mobilised from the Emergency Aid 
Reserve, for example to support the World Health Organisation to enhance pandemic response and 

116 Council Conclusions of Foreign Affairs Council (Development) 8 June 2020. 
117  The  response  through  different  instruments  mentioned  in  this  introduction  was  mainly  reoriented  and 
adapted ongoing actions to support COVID related activities and mitigate COVID impacts as well as additional 
funding. 
118 https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/eu-global-response-covid-19_en  

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

preparedness  in  the  most  effected  African  and  Asian  countries.  In  the  first  wave  of  the  pandemic, 
the  EU  set  up  an  EU  Humanitarian  Air  Bridge  (EU  HAB)  to  ensure  continuity  of  humanitarian  and 
medical  supplies  and  personnel  to  third  countries.  In  this  context,  67  flights  were  organised  to 
deliver more than 1 150 tons of medical and humanitarian equipment and to transport over 1 700 
medical and humanitarian staff and other passengers.  

Overall,  more  than  90  000  stranded  EU  citizens  were  repatriated  on  408  flights,  facilitated  by  the 
Union Civil Protection Mechanism119. The EU also provided material assistance through the EU Civil 
Protection Mechanism, facilitating the delivery of over 18 million items of critical personal protective 
and medical equipment, including over 3 million items from rescEU120 stockpiles established in 2020.  

The  Team  Europe  approach  emphasises  the  importance  of  cooperation  between  the  EU  and  its 
Member  States  in  response  to  the  COVID-19  global  crisis  with  coordination  within  multilateral 
institutions,  in  particular  the  United  Nations  system,  and  with  regard  to  International  Financial 
Institutions, the G7 and G20. In the UN Financing for Development High Level Event in September 
2020, President von der Leyen called for a Global Recovery Initiative that links investment and debt 
relief  to  the  SDGs  and  aims  at  a  sustainable  recovery  that  breaks  the  vicious  circle  created  by  the 
COVID crisis. 

Through  the  Instrument  contributing  to  Stability  and  Peace  (IcSP),  the  response  focused  on  the 
impact  on  people  in  conflict  or  in  crisis-affected  contexts  mainly  to  prevent  the  aggravation  of 
conflicts  where  specific  groups  were  excluded  from  national  response  efforts  or  stigmatised;  to 
counter  dangerous  disinformation  and  promote  access  to  conflict-sensitive,  accurate  and  reliable 
information; and to support the UN Secretary-General’s call for a global ceasefire. Support to crisis 
and conflict-prone countries helped them to plan for their recovery. In cooperation with the UN and 
the World Bank, the methodology of the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) and the Recovery 
and  Peace  Building  Assessments  (RPBA)  were  adapted  to  include  COVID-19  Recovery  Needs 
Assessments (CRNA). Such assessments were conducted in El Salvador, Ecuador, and the Dominican 
Republic.  

Under the Partnership Instrument, activities focused on leveraging the EU’s role as policy maker and 
standard-setter  to  address  the  impact  of  COVID-19  on  global  health  and  in  socio-economic  terms. 
The response aimed to enhance cooperation with international and non-EU partners in addressing 
the adaptation to and mitigation of the pandemic and sharing of best practices.  

In  the  same  vein,  the  EU  has  been  a  firm  supporter  of  the  Access  to  COVID-19  Tools  (ACT) 
Accelerator.  The  4  May  Coronavirus  Global  Response  pledging  conference,  co-convened  by  the 
Commission,  raised  EUR  15.9  billion  to  ensure  the  collaborative  development  and  universal 
deployment  of  vaccines,  diagnostics  and  therapeutics  against  COVID-19.  More  than  70  %  of  these 
pledges came from the EU and its Member States. Moreover, the EU announced a EUR 500 million 
contribution to the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) initiative comprising EUR 100 million 
in grants (included in the global COVID response) and EUR 400 million in guarantees to ensure safe 
and effective vaccines for low and middle-income countries. This has been instrumental in achieving 

119 Through the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) and the Emergency Response Coordination Centre 
(ERCC). 
120 RescEU is a reserve of emergency response capacities deployed as additional safety net under the Union 
Civil Protection Mechanism . 

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COVAX's  target  to  deliver  1.3  billion  doses  for  92  low-  and  middle-income  countries  by  the  end  of 
2021. The EU and its Member States were among the lead contributors to COVAX in 2020 with over 
EUR  850  million.  Furthermore,  as  part  of  its  global  COVID  response,  the  European  Commission 
adopted on 28 December 2020 a package of EUR 70 million under the Instrument for Pre-Accession 
(IPA II) to help fund the early access of Western Balkans partners to COVID-19 vaccines procured by 
EU Member States. 

The success of this collective response to COVID-19 has since been made a more stable feature of 
the  EU’s  external  action.  It  should  help  position  the  EU  in  a  changing  geopolitical  landscape  that 
increasingly  requires  collective,  swift  and  decisive  action  at  multilateral  and  country  level.  The  EU, 
together with Member States and European Development Financing Institutions are in the process 
of elaborating Team Europe Initiatives as part of the next programming cycle 2021-27. Drawing on 
the  best  mix  of  funding  and  support  modalities,  tools  and  partners,  and  using  the  wealth  of  the 
collective  experience,  expertise  and  resources,  Team  Europe  Initiatives  should  contribute  by 
delivering  substantive  results  for  partner  countries,  making  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  the 
partner of reference in this priority area.  

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2. 

Delivering On Global Commitments: Fostering Sustainable 
Development 

2.1. 

Implementing the 2030 Agenda comprehensively and coherently 

The  broad  and  interconnected  impacts  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  is  a  reminder  that  full 
implementation  of  the  United  Nations’  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable  Development  is  crucial  to 
strengthen resilience and prepare the world for future shocks. In 2020, the Commission presented 
its  comprehensive  approach  to  deliver  on  the  UN’s  Sustainable  Development  Goals  (SDGs)  for  the 
years ahead. The Staff Working Document ‘Delivering on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals – 
A comprehensive approach’121 reaffirms the EU’s commitment to the 2030 Agenda and explains how 
the SDGs are at the heart of the EU’s policymaking and implementation. The SDGs are an intrinsic 
part of the political programme of Commission President von der Leyen and have been integrated 
into  the  main  EU  proposals,  policies  and  strategies.  An  array  of  transformative  policies  has  been 
presented throughout 2020, in conjunction with the European Green Deal. The Eurostat 2020 SDG 
report contained for the first time a visual presentation of the status and progress of the Member 
States  towards  the  SDGs.  Through  its  external  action,  the  EU  continues  to  contribute  to  the 
implementation of the SDGs globally. At the start of the UN Decade for Action, the SDGs have kept 
the EU focused on a sustainable growth path compatible with planetary boundaries, on wellbeing, 
inclusion and equity.  

The COVID-19 pandemic has reversed some of the global progress made towards the SDGs. At the 
same time, it also represents an opportunity to accelerate decisive joint action and gear investments 
towards the achievement of the SDG goals and targets. The EU’s commitment on the 2030 Agenda 
and its SDGs has even greater relevance by providing an impetus to ‘building back better’ after the 
pandemic towards a more inclusive, sustainable, just and resilient future for all, based on the 2030 
Agenda that leaves no one behind. In May 2020, President von der Leyen proposed a global recovery 
plan linking investment and debt relief to the SDGs. The purpose is to ensure a sustainable recovery 
that  is  green,  digital,  just,  inclusive  and  resilient  and  brings  countries  closer  to  achieving  the  SDGs 
and  the  Paris  Agreement.  At  the  UN  High-Level  Political  Forum  in  New  York  in  July  2020, 
Commissioner  Urpilainen  invited  partners  to  join  the  global  recovery  initiative  in  a  global  effort  to 
‘build  back  better’  together.  This  will  require  more 
international  partnerships  and  more 
multilateralism.  

In  2020,  the  EU  has  made  progress  to  support  developing  countries’  implementation  of  the  SDGs 
through  its  cooperation  programmes,  financial  flows  and  trade.  During  negotiations  preparing  the 
new  Neighbourhood,  Development  and  International  Cooperation  Instrument  (NDICI)  and  the 
Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA III), the objective of supporting the implementation of 
the SDGs through external action has been fully integrated and made operational. Under NDICI, for 
the  next  programming  period,  geographic  and  thematic  multiannual  indicative  programmes  will 
include, among others, the context and justification of the priority areas, in relation to the relevant 
SDGs,  in  addition  to  EU  policy  objectives  and  mutual  interests.  In  accordance  with  the  European 
Consensus on Development, the Commission is continuously updating reporting systems, including 

121 SWD(2020) 400 final of 18 November 2020.  

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its results framework, to show better how EU actions contribute to the implementation of the 2030 
Agenda. To this end, EU institutions’ headquarters and delegations are working closely with Member 
States for greater impact at country level through joint programming, joint implementation and joint 
results frameworks. 

2.2.  Means of implementation of the new agenda 

A  mix  of  financial  and  non-financial  resources  are  required  to  implement  the  2030  Agenda, 
especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the 
EU has a comprehensive and integrated approach to mobilising financing from all available sources 
(public  and  private,  domestic  and 
international)  as  well  as  promoting  other  means  of 
implementation, including the establishment of good policies and policy  coherence for sustainable 
development, to meet the SDGs.  

The  EU  is  helping  partner  countries  make  the  most  of  the  diverse  financing  sources  available  to 
support  SDG  implementation.  In  2020,  thanks  to  EU  support,  integrated  national  financing 
frameworks (INFFs) have been firmly established as a means to map the landscape for financing for 
sustainable  development  at  country  level  and  to  develop  country-led  financing  strategies  to  reach 
the SDGs. So far, 68 countries have confirmed their willingness to engage in an INFF (up from 16 in 
2019).  Together  with  partners  at  the  UN,  the  EU  has  supported  countries  as  they  took  first  steps 
towards INFFs, including through missions in Indonesia, Cabo Verde and Kyrgyzstan. The EU was also 
instrumental  in  bringing  together  multilateral  (including  the  IMF)  and  bilateral  actors  around  this 
initiative.  

In  May  2020,  at  the  initiative  of  the  Group  of  Friends  of  Financing  the  SDGs,  the  UN  convened  a 
High-Level event on Financing for Development in the Era of COVID and beyond to consider how the 
world should respond to  and recover from the COVID-19 crisis.  At this  High-Level Event,  President 
von der Leyen called for a Global Recovery Initiative, linking debt relief and investment to the SDGs, 
and  promoting  a  green,  digital,  just  and  resilient  recovery.  In  the  follow-up  process,  six  discussion 
groups were established. The EU actively participated and was the co-chair of the Discussion Group II 
on Recovering Better for Sustainability to promote the objectives set out by the President. 

Other  more  specific  EU  achievements  in  2020  include  bringing  together  aid,  investment,  trade, 
domestic  resource  mobilisation  and  policies  designed  to  unlock  the  full  potential  of  all  financial 
flows.  

Support  for  mobilisation  of  domestic  resources  is  helping  to  improve  the  transparency,  fairness, 
effectiveness  and  efficiency  of  tax  systems  in  partner  countries.  The  EU  adapted  and  further 
developed  its  financial  instruments  and  aid  modalities  for  investments  outside  the  EU  in  order  to 
deliver  on  its  ambitious  commitments  to  sustainable  development  and  the  implementation  of  the 
SDGs. In 2020, the European Fund for Sustainable Development (EFSD) guarantees were refocused 
to help countries respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, supporting investments in Africa and in the EU 
Neighbourhood. 

The private sector is duly acknowledged as a major contributor to sustainable and inclusive growth 
and  the  creation  of  decent  jobs  and  a  key  actor  for  the  success  of  the  SDGs.  The  EU  has  taken 
measures  to  promote  local  private  sector  development  in  partner  countries,  notably  through 
entrepreneurship  and  access  to  finance  support.  Attractive  investment  climates  and  regulatory 
frameworks  are  also  of  paramount  importance  for  the  private  sector  and  accordingly,  the  EU 

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promotes  public-private  dialogue  processes  and  events  and  has  stepped  up  its  assistance  to 
investment climate reforms.  

The EU is also facilitating the development of the total official support for sustainable development 
(TOSSD)  statistical  measure  to  help  identify  available  means  of  implementation  for  the  SDGs  (e.g. 
global public goods, private mobilised resources, south–south and triangular cooperation). In 2020, 
the first TOSSD reporting cycle was launched and the European Commission completed its first full 
TOSSD  reporting.  Meanwhile,  the  international  TOSSD  task  force,  co-chaired  by  the  European 
Commission  and  South  Africa,  continued  refining  the  TOSSD  methodology.  Thanks  to  EU  efforts, 
TOSSD got international recognition in the G20’s Financing for Sustainable Development Framework. 

2.3.  New instruments and aid modalities 

In  2020,  the  EU  adapted and  further  developed its  financial  instruments  and aid  modalities for 
investments  outside  the  EU  in  order  to  deliver  on  its  ambitious  commitments  to  sustainable 
development. In the framework of the External Investment Plan (EIP), the European Commission has 
established the European Fund for Sustainable Development (EFSD) to support investments in Africa 
and the EU Neighbourhood. The overall aim of the EFSD is to contribute to the goals of the United 
Nations  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable  Development,  in  particular  poverty  eradication,  as  well  as  to 
the  commitments  under  the  recently  revised  European  Neighbourhood  Policy. In  2020,  the  EFSD 
contributed  to  bridging  the  gap  between  the  financing  already  available  and  the  financing  still 
needed to create jobs, boost growth and meet the other SDGs.  

EU budgetary guarantees for loans to banks and other financial intermediaries are particularly well 
suited  to  de-risk  investment  in  partner  countries  and  support  their  sustainable  development.  This 
has made EFSD an important part of the EU’s global response to COVID-19. Some guarantees have 
supported the health sector, such as the African Health Diagnostics Platform that supported COVAX 
to procure and deliver doses of vaccines for fair distribution around the world, and others, such as 
expanded  guarantees  for  renewable  energy,  have  focused  on  liquidity  support  to  ensure  the 
effective  completion  of  investment  projects  despite  the  economic  downturn  resulting  from  the 
pandemic. The EFSD Guarantee covered portfolios of investments in targeted areas, such as energy 
and  connectivity;  micro,  small  and  medium-sized  enterprise  (MSME)  financing;  sustainable 
agriculture  and  rural  development;  sustainable  cities;  and  digital  for  development.  By  the  end  of 
2020, the Commission signed guarantee agreements with partner financial institutions for EUR 1.55 
billion,  exceeding  the  initial  EFSD  Guarantee  capacity  (EUR  1.5  billion)  as  a  result  of  additional 
contributions from donors. 

In  2020, blending  projects continue  to  contribute  to  sustainable  growth  and  reduce  poverty. 
Through blending, the EU used limited amounts of public grants to mobilise financing from partner 
financial  institutions,  such  as  international  development  banks  and  the  private  sector,  for  projects 
that  do  most  to  help  countries develop. The strategic  use  of a  limited  grant  element contributes 
to projects  with  low  financial  return  but  high  economic  (i.e.  societal)  benefit. The  EU  Blending 
Framework currently comprises  seven active regional  blending  facilities122. In  2020,  these  facilities 

122  Africa  Investment  Platform  (AIP),  Asia  Investment  Facility  (AIF),  Caribbean  Investment  Facility  (CIF), 
Investment Facility for Central Asia (IFCA), Investment Facility for the Pacific’ (IFP), Latin American Investment 

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invested  over  EUR  900 million in projects  over  the  globe. From  the  creation  of  the  first  blending 
facilities in 2007, more than EUR 8 billion of EU grants are estimated to have leveraged around EUR 
70  billion  of  loans  by  financial  institutions  and  regional  development  banks  for  a  total  investment 
volume of more than EUR 115 billion.  

Budget  support remained  an  important  tool  to  support  EU  external  action. Budget  support has 
played a major role in the EU global response to COVID-19 through support to strategies or policies 
put in place by partner countries in response to the health crisis or to the socio-economic situation 
stemming  from  an  unprecedented  global  slowdown.  A total  amount  of  EUR  1.9  billion  was  paid 
as budget  support in  2020  for  international  partner  countries,  with  the  total  amount  rising  to  EUR 
3 billion with  the  inclusion  of  budget  support  to  European  neighbourhood  and  Western  Balkans 
countries.  These  funds  provided  urgent  support  to  create  fiscal  space,  allowing  implementation  of 
COVID-19 response plans, including health and economic recovery measures, and continued delivery 
of key public services. 

2.4.  Working better together with Member States  

Working  better  together  with  Member  States  is  about  making  our  collective  development 
cooperation  and  financial  assistance  more  effective  and  coherent  by  reducing  fragmentation  and 
achieving greater impact as well as increasing and maximizing European visibility and influence. The 
essential focus is on actions at country level including joint programming and joint implementation.  

Joint  programming  promotes  a  common  European  strategy  to  frame  our  relationship  with  partner 
countries that is responsive to local needs and brings together our European policy commitments in 
a single framework. Globally, by the end of 2020, there were 22 joint programming documents123. 
There was only one new joint programming document published in 2020 (Ecuador). This is primarily 
a  result  of  many  joint  programming  processes  targeting  the  new  EU  programming  cycle  as  their 
starting  point.  In  addition,  European  partners  in  27  additional  countries  were  involved  in  joint 
programming having either a joint analysis (17) or a roadmap (10)124. 

The importance of a coherent and coordinated European presence was further reinforced with the 
emergence  of  the  Team  Europe  approach  in  2020  as  a  rapid  collective  response  to  the  COVID-19 
crisis to support a sustainable recovery aligned with the SDGs. The Team Europe approach consists 
of  the  EU,  its  Member  States,  their  diplomatic  networks,  finance  institutions  including  national 
development banks, and implementing agencies, as well as the European Investment Bank (EIB) and 
the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).  

Facility  (LAIF),  and  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform  (NIP).  It covers  all  regions  of  EU  external 
cooperation (with the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund having allocated all its remaining resources in 2019. 
123  Bolivia  (2017-2020),  Burkina  Faso  (2017-2021),  Burundi  (2019-2022),  Cambodia  (2014-2018/2019-2020), 
Central African Republic (2017-2021), Comoros (2015-2020), Ecuador (2020-2023), Egypt (2017-2020), Ethiopia 
(2017-2020),  Ghana  (2017-2020),  Guatemala  (2014-2020),  Honduras  (2018-2022),  Ivory  Coast  (2017-2020), 
Kenya  (2018-2022),  Laos  (2016-2020),  Mali  (2019/20-2023),  Moldova  (2017-2020),  Nicaragua  (2018-2020), 
Palestine  (2017-2020),  Senegal  (2018-2023),  Togo  (2014-2020),  Tunisia*  (2017-2020).  Review  JPD  in  2020: 
Palestine and Senegal. 
124  Joint  analysis:  Armenia,  Belarus,  Benin*,  Cameroon*,  Chad*,  Congo  Brazzaville,  Democratic  Republic  of 
Congo,  Dominican  Republic,  Georgia,  Jordan*,  Lebanon,  Madagascar,  Morocco*,  Nepal,  Niger,  Ukraine, 
Zambia  –  Roadmap:  Azerbaijan,  Djibouti*,  Haiti,  Mongolia,  Mozambique,  Pakistan*,  Tajikistan,  Uganda*, 
Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe (*: draft – bold: new in 2020).  

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During  2020,  the  success  of  the  Team  Europe  approach  to  COVID  showed  the  value  added  of  a 
collective  European  response.  Building  on  this,  the  programming  guidelines  for  the  proposed 
Neighbourhood,  Development  and  International  Cooperation  Instrument  (NDICI)  introduced  Team 
Europe  Initiatives  to  support  transformational  change  by  delivering  clear  results  for  partner 
countries,  making  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  the  partner  of  reference  in  a  priority  area.  Team 
Europe  Initiatives  (TEIs)  get  support  both  from  the  EU  budget,  and  are  therefore  guided  by  NDICI 
programming guidelines, and from the relevant financial resources of the EU Member States. 2020 
saw  important  steps  in  the  preparation  of  TEIs,  with  extensive  consultations  with  Member  States, 
European  Development  Finance 
Institutions  (EDFIs),  Commission  departments  and  others. 
Delegations  played  the  most  important  role  in  identifying  TEIs  and  consulting  stakeholders  at 
country level.  

The Council was consulted and thoroughly discussed the Team Europe global response for COVID-19 
and beyond, on which conclusions were agreed in June 2020, including an article on the longer-term 
‘Team  Europe  approach’  perspective  that  should  be 
future  programming. 
Comprehensive  information,  including  a  joint  letter  in  May  2020,  communicated  the  Team  Europe 
approach  to  all  EU  Delegations,  Member  States  Embassies  and  the  offices  of  EU  development 
finance institutions and agencies, inviting them to engage with the initiative.  

included 

in 

An  updated  version  of  the  guidance  Working  Better  Together  as  Team  Europe  –  through  joint 
programming  and  joint  implementation  was  published  in  2020125.  The  guidance  outlines  good 
practice  with  many  case  studies  and  operational  recommendations  linking  the  Team  Europe 
approach  to  the  concepts  of  Joint  Programming  and  Working  Better  Together.  Various  rounds  of 
consultations among the different Commission departments and the EEAS ensured the global scope 
of the guidance, which considers the specific policy framework of the different regions covered.  

The cooperation continues with the inclusion of the Practitioners' Network (PN) through their newly 
set-up  Task  Force  on  Team  Europe126.  Commission  departments  and  the  PN,  also  joined  forces  to 
undertake a study on public sector expertise in 2020, as part of the inclusiveness agenda. Based on 
the  empirical  evidence  from  a  preliminary  mapping  exercise  on  existing  operational  structures, 
frameworks  and  tools,  the  study  analyses  the  strategic  potential  of  public  sector  expertise  as  an 
innovation  cooperation  modality  with  partner  countries  and  provides  a  set  of  recommendations. 
Commission departments covering Neighbourhood policy have also increased their participation in 
meetings with the Practitioner’s Network, which has been an opportunity to provide an overview of 
the  state  of  play  of  joint  programming  and  clarify  the  neighbourhood  specificities  in  the 
programming processes.  

Training courses on Working Better Together through joint programming and joint implementation 
were organised in 2020127 with the participation of EU and Member States staff from headquarters 
and field offices, to facilitate a joint understanding of the value added and operational challenges of 
the working better together approach, with a new dedicated module on joint implementation. 

125 E-version available since October 2020, as part of the Tools and Methods Series, Guidelines N°10. 
126 The Task Force is limited to the EU Member States only. It met twice in 2020. 
127 Two half-day session in December 2020. 

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2.5.  Policy Coherence for Development  

In  accordance  with  the  Treaty  on  the  Functioning  of  the  European  Union,  the  EU  and  its  Member 
States are committed to take account of the objectives of development cooperation in all external 
and internal policies, which are likely to affect developing countries. The new European Consensus 
on Development reaffirmed the importance of  this  principle, generally known as Policy Coherence 
for  Development  (PCD),  and  recognised  it  as  a  fundamental  part  of  the  EU’s  contribution  to 
achieving  the SDGs. The EU’s PCD ambition is twofold: to leverage on synergies between  different 
policies  to  enhance  effectiveness  and,  in  case  of  trade-offs,  to  ensure  mitigating  measures  to 
support sustainable development and just transition processes in partner countries. 

Consequently, the Commission integrated its work on PCD in its overall work on the implementation 
of  the  2030  Agenda  on  Sustainable  Development.  In  that  context,  it  identified  a  number  of  key 
initiatives  that  were  prepared  in  the  course  of  the  year  and  that  had  major  PCD  relevance  (i.e. 
potentially  having  a  significant  impact  on  our  partner  countries’  ability  to  achieve  the  SDGs).  This 
inventory aims at promoting synergies between various policies and minimising incoherencies at an 
early stage of policy formulation.  

The  Commission  initiated  the  review  of  its  Better  Regulation  guidance.  Better  Regulation,  notably 
the  use  of  ex-ante  impact  assessments,  is  a  crucial  element  to  promote  PCD  and  ensure  that  new 
initiatives take better account of possible impacts on developing countries. This works in conjunction 
with the commitment of the Commission to actively integrate the implementation of the SDGs in its 
Better Regulation tool. 

Reporting from EU Delegations on PCD issues was further streamlined to better follow the impact of 
EU policies in partner countries. 

The  Commission  continued  to  promote  its  approach  to  PCD  both  internally  within  the  EU  vis-à-vis 
the  European  Parliament,  Member  States  and  civil  society,  and  at  international  level,  in  particular 
through the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 

The  Commission  monitored  progress  and  finalisation  of  the  research  project  Sustainable  Market 
Actors for Responsible Trade (SMART), which was funded under the Horizon 2020 programme and 
responded to the EU’s call for research for the strengthening of PCD. The project delivered valuable 
findings  on  several  policy  issues  of  great  importance  to  PCD,  such  as  sustainable  corporate 
governance and circular economy. 

2.6.  Development effectiveness  

The EU is actively engaged in improving the effectiveness of its development cooperation to achieve 
the  best,  fastest  and  most  sustainable  impact  for  those  most  in  need.  In  the  new  European 
Consensus on Development, the EU and its Member States reaffirm the commitment to applying the 
Busan principles of effectiveness (country ownership, results, inclusiveness, and transparency). The 
EU coordinates and supports Member States in the implementation of these principles, promoting 
common positions and practices on effectiveness in support of the 2030 Agenda. 

The  EU  is  a  strong  promoter  of  effectiveness.  Our  cooperation  modalities  operationalise  the 
effectiveness  principles  in  many  ways,  such  as  through  budget  support,  capacity  building  tools, 
policy reform and political dialogue. In particular, in the current times of crisis, effectiveness is key 

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when  we  need  to  achieve  more  with  less.  The  EU,  through  the  Team  Europe  approach,  ensured  a 
coordinated and effective European response to the pandemic in partner countries. 

To achieve better impact through effectiveness the EU works to get the buy-in of all development 
actors  at  partner  country  level,  including  non-OECD  donors.  The  EU  actively  uses  its  role  as  a 
member and supporter of the Global Partnership for Effective Development  Cooperation (GPEDC), 
where  it  represents  European  development  providers  on  the  GPEDC  steering  committee.  In  2020, 
the EU took the leadership of the GPEDC Action Area on Demonstrating the Impact of Effectiveness 
implementing and enhancing development effectiveness at country level. Moreover, throughout the 
year, the EU has promoted a renewed focus on effectiveness at the OECD- Development Assistance 
Committee  (DAC)  aimed  at  helping  DAC  members  to  strengthen  the  effectiveness  of  their 
programmes. A new work stream on Development Effectiveness has been included in the 2021-22 
Programme of Work and Budget at the OECD-DAC.  

In  addition  to  EU’s  work  to  build  global  consensus  on  development  effectiveness,  it  also  pursues 
greater effectiveness in its own development cooperation and that of EU Member States, through 
the Team Europe approach and joint programming initiatives. In 2020, the EU published the study 
Effective Development Cooperation - Does the EU deliver?128 that explores how well the EU and its 
Member  States  are  implementing  the  development  effectiveness  principles  in  their  official 
development assistance (ODA) to developing countries and provides recommendations on how the 
effectiveness and impact of European assistance can be improved.  

https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/system/files/eu-development-effectiveness-monitoring-

128 
report-2020_en.pdf  

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3. 

International Partnerships – Thematic Overview  

Working together towards the SDGs and results achieved with EU support  

The  priorities  of  the  current  Commission  have  been  translated  into  development  action:  human 
development;  green  deal;  sustainable  growth  and  jobs;  science,  technology,  innovation  and 
digitalisation;  migration;  governance,  peace  and  security.  They  provide  the  basic  structure  for  the 
sections  within  this  chapter  on  the  thematic  overview  of  international  partnerships.  At  the  same 
time,  implementing  these  EU  priorities  is  key  to  help  our  partners  to  implement  the  SDGs.  In  this 
report, the impacts of our actions in relation to SDGs are presented within the above-mentioned EU 
priorities,  alongside  the  respective  available  results,  based  on  the  existing  EU  results  framework. 
While  for  the  purpose  of  this  chapter,  for  readability  purposes,  each  SDG  is  presented  only  once 
under an EU priority to which it is particularly related, the cross-cutting nature of the SDGs and the 
strong interlinkages among them imply that the content reported under each SDG will often also be 
relevant to other EU priorities129.  

Our partnerships are based on dialogues aiming at convergence between EU political priorities and 
the specific objectives of each partner country, with the SDGs as a central reference. Further to the 
collective commitment of the EU and its Member States in the European Consensus on Development 
to work together in partner countries, the key areas for working together towards the SDGs are joint 
programming, the joint results frameworks and joint implementation. This approach to development 
cooperation and international partnerships has been taken further in the COVID-19 response both at 
multilateral level and in partner countries, with EU actors, Member States, the European Investment 
Bank  and  the  European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and  Development  working  together  in  a  Team 
Europe  approach.  This  is  a  key  element  of  the  collective  EU  contribution  to  a  global  sustainable 
recovery aligned with SDGs. 

3.1.  Human Development  

The  COVID-19  pandemic  disrupted  societies  in  many  ways  reversing  some  human  development 
progress  achieved  in  recent  years,  putting  pressure  on  the  most  vulnerable,  exacerbating 
inequalities, and leading to limitations of the civil and democratic space in many fragile democracies. 
This  has  affected  the  implementation  of  a  range  of  SDGs  directly  relevant  to  human  development 
and progress on the commitment to leaving no one behind. 

At country-level, the EU focused its efforts on adjusting immediate needs to current circumstances 
without losing sight of its overarching objectives and paying particular attention to not jeopardizing 
longer-term development needs.  

At  global  level,  the  EU  spearheaded  the  Coronavirus  Global  Response.  The  pledging  marathon, 
chaired by the President of the European Commission, raised a total of EUR 15.9 billion for research, 
universal access to vaccines, diagnostics, treatment and sustainable health system strengthening in 

129  As  an  example,  SDG  6  on  water  (and  related  results)  is  presented  in  the  report  under  the  EU  priority  on 
Green  Deal  (having  regard  to  challenges  such  as  water  pollution,  water  efficiency,  etc.),  while  a  range  of 
actions relevant to this SDG will also contribute to other priorities, including for instance human development 
(e.g.  drinking  water  and  sanitation),  governance  (e.g.  integrated  water  management)  or  sustainable  growth 
and jobs (e.g. economic use of water in key economic sectors). 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

partner countries. The EU was an early and staunch supporter of the establishment of the Access to 
COVID-19  Tools  Accelerator  and  COVAX  Facility.  It  was  launched  in  April  2020  to  ensure  universal 
and equitable access to two billion vaccine doses for 92 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 
500 million tests and 245 million treatments in 2021. The EU further mobilised EUR 500 million for 
the COVAX Facility, a global procurement mechanism for the purchase of COVID-19 vaccines.  

Through  the  Team  Europe  initiative,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  deployed  strong  national, 
regional  and  global  responses  to  tackle  the  pandemic  and  helped  prepare  the  basis  for  equitable 
access  to  vaccines  for  partner  countries.  The  EU  and  its  Member  States  have  mobilised  EUR  38.5 
billion  leading  to  higher  impact  interventions  and  a  stronger  EU  role  in  the  world.  In  2020,  the 
Commission  reoriented  and  frontloaded  close  to  EUR  1.3  billion  to  tackle  the  COVID-19  health 
impact in partner countries.  

Beyond health, COVID-19 lockdowns resulted in more than 1.5 billion students and youth across the 
planet being affected by school and university closures. The focus of the European Commission has 
been to avoid a lost generation, i.e., shortfalls in education and learning activities that have negative 
long-term  effects.  We  helped  partner  countries  face  the  challenges,  e.g.,  by  ensuring  continued 
learning during the pandemic, and by planning for a safe return of students and staff when schools 
re-open. Where possible, ongoing education support programmes have been reoriented to cater for 
the emerging needs, including use of distance learning modalities through both high- and low-tech 
solutions,  with  the  aim  of  leaving  no  one  behind.  EU-funded  global  initiatives,  such  as  the  Global 
Partnership  for  Education  (GPE)  and  Education  Cannot  Wait  (ECW)  rapidly  provided  emergency 
funding to countries most in need, overall reaching more than 355 million children in 66 countries. 

The protection and promotion of the human rights of all women and girls was at the centre of the 
Team  Europe  package  of  EUR  20  billion  in  response  to  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  In 
2020, about 60 % of global Commission disbursements related to COVID-19 have supported gender 
equality  and  women’s  empowerment,  mitigating  the  disproportionate  economic  and  social  impact 
of  the  pandemic  on  women  and  girls  as  well  as  placing  emphasis  on  the  importance  of  gender-
sensitive research on the impact of the pandemic. The European Commission also started to engage 
more systematically with youth to ensure that young people, with a particular attention to girls, are 
heard and empowered as young leaders and actors of change to drive sustainable development in 
their  countries.  Through  the  #YourVoiceYourFuture  digital  campaign  launched  together  with  the 
African Union and UNICEF, about 450 000 children and young people across Africa and Europe aged 
between  14  and  35  raised  their  voices  on  topics  ranging  from  climate  change  to  digitalisation, 
education, jobs, governance, and peace and security. 

The EU also laid the ground for programming to ensure that at least 20 % of the NDICI resources will 
be  spent  on  human  development  and  social  inclusion.  This  involved  the  preparation  of  thematic 
notes,  seminars  and  training  with  geographical  units  and  EU  delegations  and  exchanges  with 
Member State experts. 

SDG #1 No Poverty  

Eradicating poverty in all its dimensions, tackling discrimination and inequalities and leaving no one 
behind are at the heart of the European Consensus on Development and of the EU’s international 
partnerships. Tackling the various dimensions of poverty requires actions on all fronts. The EU and 
Member States’ actions under all SDGs contribute in some way to the goal of eradicating poverty.  

23 23 

 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

In terms of long-term trends, since 1999, the number of people living in extreme poverty worldwide 
has fallen by more than one billion people. On average, the poverty rate has halved in our partner 
countries.  EU  cooperation  has  helped  achieve  this  result.  For  instance,  60  %  of  the  EU  budget 
support  portfolio  (around  EUR  8  billion)  implemented  between  2014  and  2020  contributed  to  the 
fight against poverty and inequalities.  

However, part of this positive trend in reducing poverty is set to be reversed due to the COVID-19 
pandemic.  The  EU  has  made  its  best  efforts  to  help  countries  cope  with  the  pandemic,  using  all 
instruments at its disposal and joining forces with Member States in a Team Europe approach. In this 
context, the EU disbursed EUR 3 billion of budget support to meet countries’ fiscal needs and fund 
their  health  and  socio-economic  response.  But,  for  the  first  time  in  20  years,  poverty  is  likely  to 
significantly increase.  

The estimated increase in global poverty in 2020 is unprecedented. In October 2020, the World Bank 
estimated that between 88 and 115 million people around the globe would be pushed into extreme 
poverty  in  2020.  It  is  now  expected  that  the  COVID-19-induced  new  poor  in  2020  will  rise  to 
between 119 and 124 million. It is likely that for millions of people around the globe this crisis will 
not be short-lived. EU actions will continue to pursue the primary objective of poverty eradication.  

The  EU  attaches  great  importance  to  the  link  between  humanitarian  aid  and  more  medium-  and 
long-term development action. More than 82.4 million people were forcibly displaced in 2020, most 
of them were hosted in developing countries with limited resources, which often raises concerns in 
terms  of  poverty,  discrimination  and  inequalities.  Throughout  2020,  the  EU  continued  to  support 
refugees’ self-reliance in protracted displacement. 

SDG #3 Good Health and Well-being  

In 2020, Commission departments have played an instrumental role in the global response to COVID-
19  and  contributed  to  progress  towards  the  targets  of  SDG  3  Good  Health  and  Well-being.  The 
Commission,  in  a  joint  Team  Europe  approach,  has  deployed  strong  national,  regional  and  global 
responses to tackle the pandemic and has ensured equitable access to vaccines for partner countries 
as noted above.  

In support of EU partner countries in the Western Balkans, the Eastern and Southern Neighbourhood 
as well as Turkey, Commission departments mobilised substantial packages of funding to address the 
immediate health emergencies, to support health systems and to help our partners facing the social 
and economic impact of the pandemic. In total, EUR 4.5 billion was committed, of which 57 % has 
been contracted in 2020. 

In  2020,  three  actions  in  Latin  America  and  in  Asia,  for  a  total  of  EUR  14  million,  targeted  the 
response to the COVID-19 crisis under the Partnership Instrument (PI). These actions seek to explore 
avenues  for  enhanced  cooperation  with  multilateral  and  bilateral  partners  in  response  to  this 
common  challenge.  Eight  new  PI  actions,  for  a  total  of  EUR  36  million,  address  COVID-19  as  a 
significant  objective.  Furthermore,  59  existing  actions,  for  a  total  of  EUR  239  million  have  been 
reoriented to take into account the COVID-19 crisis. These reoriented actions address the adaptation 
to and mitigation of the pandemic and support the sharing of best practices, including on the socio-
economic impact of the crisis. 

The Commission made a key contribution to establish the COVAX facility, the global mechanism to 
purchase COVID-19 vaccines and committed a EUR 400 million EFSD Guarantee and EUR 100 million 

24 24 

 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

grant  to  the  COVAX  Advance  Market  Commitment  (complemented  by  another  EUR  500  million 
support  pledged  in  February  2021.)  This  funding  has  helped  secure  1.3  billion  doses  of  COVID-19 
vaccines for use in 92 low- and middle-income countries by the end of 2020. 

Commission departments  also confirmed their commitment to continuity of  health services during 
the  pandemic  by  renewing  commitments  to  routine  immunisation  in  partner  countries  through  a 
EUR  300  million  pledge  to  GAVI,  the  Vaccine  Alliance,  and  to  sexual  and  reproductive  health  and 
rights  through  a  EUR  26.5  million  grant  to  the  Global  Financing  Facility  for  Women,  Children  and 
Adolescents. 

Commission departments took immediate action through social protection measures to respond to 
the  pandemic  by  leveraging  existing  programmes  to  protect  livelihoods  and  restore  income.  Apart 
from  speeding  up  disbursements  in  Budget  Support  operations,  the  Commission  added  cash 
transfer/food aid components to existing programmes and worked towards combined approaches in 
social protection linking humanitarian aid and development cooperation.  

The Commission also adapted its thematic flagship programme Improving synergies between Social 
Protection  and  Public  Finance  Management  to  provide  tailor-made  financing  assessments,  sector 
policy  advice,  awareness  building,  delivery  systems  design,  addressing  special  target  groups  in 
Bangladesh,  Cabo  Verde,  Cote  d’Ivoire,  Ecuador,  Malawi,  Myanmar,  Nigeria,  Peru,  Sri  Lanka,  and 
Togo. 

In addition, the Commission laid the basis for planning investments with a long-term perspective to 
support  partner  countries  in  building  shock  responsive  national  social  protection  systems  and 
strengthening health systems, and preparedness and response capacities. 

SDG #4 Quality Education  

The  COVID-19  pandemic  also  exacerbated  existing  challenges  and  inequalities  in  access  to  quality 
education, disproportionally affecting vulnerable groups and girls.  

More than 1.5 billion students and youth across the planet were affected by school and university 
closures. The European Commission focused on avoiding a lost generation, helping partner countries 
face the challenge, e.g., by ensuring continued learning, and planning for a safe return of students 
and  staff  when  schools  re-open.  Where  possible,  education  support  programmes  have  been 
reoriented  to  cater  to  emerging  needs  including  use  of  distance  learning  modalities  through  both 
high-  and  low-tech  solutions,  with  the  aim  of  leaving  no  one  behind.  The  same  applied  under  the 
Erasmus+ programme which is supporting mobility of university students and staff and cooperation 
projects aiming to build the capacity of universities. 

EU-funded  global  initiatives,  such  as  the  Global  Partnership  for  Education  (GPE)  and  Education 
Cannot Wait (ECW) rapidly provided emergency funding to countries most in need. ECW’s additional 
support  has  reached  over  nine  million  children  and  youth  and  spans  across  33  countries.  GPE 
mobilised more than USD 500 million to support partner countries with planning and implementing 
their  response  to  the  pandemic.  This  funding  is  helping  governments  to  sustain  learning  for  up  to 
355 million children in 66 countries. 

Despite  additional  funding  needs,  around  two-thirds  of  low-  and  lower-middle-income  countries 
have  cut  their  public  education  budgets  since  the  onset  of  the  pandemic.  Commissioner  Jutta 
Urpilainen appealed at the Global Education Meeting to partner countries and the donor community 

25 25 

 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

alike to protect and increase education financing as an essential component and a condition for an 
equitable,  sustainable  and  inclusive  recovery.  Setting  the  example,  Commissioner  Urpilainen 
announced her ambition to increase education spending in her portfolio from 7 % to 10 %. Also, in 
the  2020  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans,  the  Commission  announced 
increased funding in support of human capital development, including education and skills. 

Investing  in  development  education  and  awareness  raising  remains  key  to  reach  the  EU’s  foreign 
policy  and  development  goals.  It  becomes  even  more  important  in  these  challenging  times  when 
global solidarity is needed most. The EU, through its Development Education and Awareness (DEAR) 
programme  has  continued  to  support  civil  society  and  local  authorities  to  raise  awareness  and 
in  promoting  sustainable 
encourage  active  engagement  of  Europeans,  especially  youth, 
development and addressing global challenges. 

SDG #5 Gender Equality  

The protection and promotion of the human rights of all women and girls was at the centre of the 
Team  Europe’s  response  to  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  with  about  60  %  of  global 
Commission  disbursements  related  to  COVID-19  in  support  of  gender  equality  and  women’s 
empowerment.  

Moreover, EU actions continued to promote gender equality in partnership with governments and 
non-government  stakeholders  along  the  thematic  priorities  of  the  Gender  action  plan  II,  fostering 
more coordination and coherence among EU actors, an increase of political and policy dialogues on 
gender equality issues, as well as a sustained and strong support to civil society organisations. The 
amount  of  funds  specifically  targeting  gender  equality  continued  to  increase,  reaching  EUR  8.7 
billion (64.71 % of all new actions) in 2019130.  

In  addition,  to  support  gender  equality  and  institutional  change  in  public  bodies  and  research 
organisations,  the  Commission  introduced  a  new  eligibility  criterion  for  Horizon  Europe,  the  new 
framework  programme  for  Research  and  Innovation.  Legal  entities  from  EU  Member  States  and 
associated countries to the programme will need to have a Gender Equality Plan in place to apply for 
programme funding. 

Action to stop violence against women and girls was targeted across regions and instruments. The 
EU-UN Spotlight Initiative, an unprecedented global effort to eliminate violence against women and 
girls, was up and running in 26 countries and six regions by the end of 2020, with EUR 497 million 
committed.  The  Spotlight  Initiative  #WithHer  campaign  launched  in  March  2020  contributed  to 
raising awareness about gender norms and stereotypes, which perpetuate violence against women 
and girls, reaching more than 220 million users on social media. In view of the upsurge in domestic 
violence  against  women  and  children  triggered  by  the  COVID-19  crisis,  the  Commission  swiftly 
redirected  over  EUR  20  million  through  the  Spotlight  Initiative  to  boost  prevention  and  increase 
support for victims and women’s grassroots organisations providing essential services. Gender-based 
violence,  including  sexual  harassment,  in  universities  and  research  organisations  is  also  a  concern 

130 Annual Implementation Report 2019 – EU Gender Action Plan II 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

across the EU and the world. The European Commission launched a call in 2020 under Horizon 2020 
to increase knowledge on the issue and provide recommendations for universities131 

In  the  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement  regions  programmes  like  the  EU4Gender  Equality  – 
Together against gender stereotypes and gender-based violence and Ending violence against women 
in the Western Balkan and Turkey: Implementing Norms, Changing Minds aim to strengthen equal 
rights and opportunities for women and men. By working with the film sector, independent media 
and  education,  legal  professionals,  state  bodies  and  CSOs,  they  aim  to  shift  social  perceptions, 
challenge  gender  stereotypes,  champion  men’s  participation  in  care  work  and  promote  violence 
prevention programmes for perpetrators. Women refugees, internally displaced people and women 
in  host  communities  were  also  supported  in  the  framework  of  the  EU  Regional  Trust  Fund  in 
Response to the Syrian Crisis.  

Support  to  ending  gender-based  violence  in  humanitarian  aid  has  also  continued  to  be  a  priority. 
During 2019 and 2020, the EU allocated approximately EUR 56 million in humanitarian aid to prevent 
and  respond  to  gender-based  violence  under  its  protection  and  health  programming.  The  EU 
addressed prevention of sexual and gender-based violence and responded through a multi-sectoral 
approach  including  medical  care,  psychological  support,  referral  to  legal  services  and,  where 
possible, livelihood support or socio-economic assistance. 

Strong  support  to  women’s  economic  empowerment  continued  during  2020.  A  EUR  20  million 
partnership was signed with the Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) to support more than 2 500 African 
women  entrepreneurs,  through  increased  access  to  finance  and  venture  capital  investment.  The 
WeEmpower  programme  (EUR  22.5  million)  increased  public  and  private  sectors’  commitment  to 
gender  equality  and  to  women’s  empowerment  in  the  world  of  work  at  all  levels.  Joint  work 
between  the  EU,  UN  Women  and  the  International  Labour  Organisation  contributed  to  create 
sustainable, 
increased  women’s  economic 
empowerment  and  leadership.  An  EU  funded  research  project,  GENDER  STI,  started  in  2020  to 
accelerate  the  integration  of  gender  equality  in  science,  technology  and  innovation  (STI)  dialogues 
with  third  countries.  These  actions  enabled  the  EU  to  engage  with  Asian  and  Latin  American 
networks  of  women  entrepreneurs,  public  institutions,  and  the  private  sector  to  ensure  the  full 
implementation of the Women’s Empowerment Principles. 

inclusive,  and  equitable  global  growth  through 

Building on the evaluation of EU support to gender equality and stakeholder consultations, the Joint 
Communication on the new EU Gender action plan for 2021-2025 (GAPIII)132 adopted in November 
2020,  sets  out  an  ambitious  agenda  for  gender  equality  and  women’s  and  girls’  empowerment 
worldwide,  including  support  for  recovery  plans  that  are  inclusive,  sustainable,  and  facilitating  a 
green and just transition. 

SDG #6 Clean Water and Sanitation  
Progress under SDG6 is presented in this section, while noting that actions in this field contribute to 
various  EU  priorities  beyond  human  development,  such  as  the  Green  Deal.  In  2020,  the  European 
Commission  significantly  increased  its  support  to  water  access,  sanitation  and  hygiene  as  the  first 

131 The UniSAFE project started in 2021 and is developing operational tools and recommendations for higher 
education,  research  organisations  and  policymakers  while  collecting  and  analysing  data  across  EU  and 
associated countries.  
132 JOIN(2020) 17 final of 25 November 2020. 

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line of defence in the fight against COVID-19 in countries including the Philippines, Pakistan, South 
Africa,  Ivory  Coast,  Sao  Tome  and  Principe,  Senegal  and  Cameroon.  In  South  Africa,  grants  were 
given  to  reduce  the  impact  of  COVID-19  by  accelerating  infection  prevention  and  control  through 
water, sanitation and hygiene. Moreover, good progress has been made in the deployment of major 
water infrastructures, some of them being completed in 2020 such as the water desalinisation plant 
at  Djibouti  that  should  ensure  its  water  independence,  as  well  as  an  important  wastewater 
treatment facility in the West Bank and increased financial support to the Gaza desalination plant. 
New actions to support strategic infrastructure were launched including a EUR 41 million blending 
project that leveraged EUR 200 million for the Lesotho Lowlands Water Development Project- Phase 
II (LLWDP II).  

At the same time, activities continued to support the good governance of water resources. Dialogues 
on  the  nexus  between  water,  energy,  food  and  environment  continued  in  South  America,  Central 
Asia  and  all  regions  of  Africa,  with  the  aim  to  further  improve  the  sustainable  management  of 
resources and mobilise related investments. Efforts towards the globalisation of the United Nations 
Economic  Commission  for  Europe  (UNECE)  Water  Convention  have  progressed:  in  2020,  Ghana 
acceded to the convention and significant steps were taken particularly in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, 
Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Togo, Bangladesh and Vietnam. 

Through the Centre of Excellence initiative under IcSP Article 5, partners are assisted in developing 
measures to ensure the elimination of dumping and the minimal release of hazardous chemicals and 
materials, to improve water quality. 

SDG #10 Reduced Inequality  

In  2020,  Commission  departments  actively  worked  on  reinforcing  their  contribution  towards  the 
achievement  of  SDG  10  and  reducing  inequalities.  A  major  step  forward  has  been  to  mainstream 
inequality-reduction  in  operations  through  the  development  of  the  Reference  Document  - 
Addressing Income Inequalities through Development Cooperation, soon to be published under the 
Tools & Methods Series. The document will be the basis for future training and presents guidelines 
and  tools  to  help  EU  officials  enhance  their  work  on  inequality  in  their  policy  dialogue  and 
development cooperation operations, and to engage national authorities and local actors in partner 
countries.  This  last  part  was  specifically  designed  to  support  EU  Delegations  engage  with  partner 
countries  and  stakeholders  to  raise  awareness  of  the  importance  of  addressing  both  social  and 
economic inequalities. 

Substantial  contributions  have  also  come  from  our  operations.  The  EU-  Agence  Française  de 
Développement  (AFD)  Research  Facility  on  Inequalities  brought  enhanced  knowledge  of  economic 
and  social  inequalities,  their  underlying  drivers  at  different  spatial  levels,  and  the  most  effective 
policies and approaches to address and reduce them. Twenty three research projects have covered 
global, country and city level studies, on numerous topics, developing policy recommendations for 
partner  countries  to  target  the  reduction  of  inequalities  and  contribute  to  the  work  of  EU 
Delegations.  

The Commission also worked to review the Rights-based approach (RBA) toolbox to incorporate the 
2030  Agenda  and  to  align  closer  with  commitments  to  reduce  all  forms  of  inequalities,  including 
gender  inequality.  The  update  was  also  referenced  by  the  European  Council  in  its  conclusions  on 
Inequalities  and  the  Action  Plan  for  Democracy  and  Human  Rights  2020-2024.  In  addition,  the 
Council  conclusions  on  the  implementation  of  GAP  II  2018  requested  to  fully  integrate  gender 

28 28 

 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

equality with the RBA. The GAP III and the EU Anti-Racism Action Plan 2020-2025 underline the need 
to  update  the  RBA  methodology  to  better  encompass  all  forms  of  discrimination  and  integrate 
gender mainstreaming. 

Selected results 2018-2020133 

64 133 019 one-year-olds were fully immunised with EU support. 

19  274  000  women  of  reproductive  age  had  access  to  modern  contraception  methods  with  EU 
support. 

33 931 000 students enrolled in primary education with EU support. 

4 262 000 students enrolled in secondary education with EU support. 

6 057 000 individuals had access to improved drinking water sources and/or sanitation facilities with 
EU support. 

Source: EU Results Framework indicators134 

•  Students  from  84  countries  around  the  world  have  been  enrolled  in  primary  and  secondary 
education with EU support. A large share of students receive support via the Global Education 
Partnership, which is co-funded by the EU. 

•  The  largest  number  of  individuals  with  access  to  improved  drinking  water  sources  and/or 
sanitation  facilities  was  reached  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  (2  million),  followed  by  South  America 
(1.3  million)  and  South  &  Central  Asia  (1.2  million).  The  results  are  based  on  the  people  with 
access  to  newly  built  or  rehabilitated  water  points  and  to  newly  constructed,  rehabilitated  or 
improved sanitation facilities to help eliminate open defecation in communities. In Afghanistan, 
680 000 persons from urban and rural areas had access to improved drinking water. 

•  Considering the availability of sex-disaggregated data for EU results framework indicators, 42.2 
% of data for EU RF indicators reporting individuals is not assigned to a sex. This is an increase by 
8.1  percentage  points  compared  to  last  year  and  points  to  the  need  for  continuous  efforts  to 
collect sex-disaggregated data.  

•  EU RF indicators disaggregated by sex  

EU Results Framework indicator  

Total  

women/girls   men/boys  

Not 
identified  

2.5 Number of one-year-olds fully 
immunised with EU support 
2.6 Number of women of reproductive age 
using modern contraception methods with 
EU support 
2.7 a) Number of students enrolled in 
education with EU support: a) primary 
education 

64 133 000 

-  

19 274 000 

19 274 000 

-  

-  

-  

33 931 000 

15 550 000  16 962 000 

1 419 000 

133  2018-2020  stands  for  the  reporting  year.  The  EU-funded  interventions  that  contribute  to  this  figure  are 
ongoing  or  closed  projects  managed  by  INTPA  and  NEAR  (ENI)  that  started  between  January  2014  and  July 
2019. The values reported for EU RF indicators are cumulative, including all results reported for these projects 
since start of implementation. 
134 Selected results from EU-funded interventions managed by NEAR (ENI) and INTPA. Further information on 
scope and methodology in chapter 6. 

29 29 

 
 
                                                            
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

EU Results Framework indicator  

Total  

women/girls   men/boys  

Not 
identified  

2.7 b) Number of students enrolled in 
education with EU support: b) secondary 
education 
2.8 Number of individuals with access to 
improved drinking water source and/or 
sanitation facility with EU support 

3.2.  Green Deal  

4 262 000 

1 873 000 

1 968 000 

421 000 

6 057 000 

66 000 

57 000 

5 934 000 

The  launch  of  the  Green  Deal  in  December  2019  sent  a  clear  signal  to  the  world  that  climate  and 
environmental  action  are  at  the  heart  of  the  European  growth  agenda.  The  Green  Deal  sets  a 
transformative  agenda  for  the  continent  combining  policies  to  tackle  climate  change,  reverse 
biodiversity loss, reduce pollution and move to a circular economy. 

Only a few months later, in March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic generated the biggest health crisis 
of  recent  years,  hitting  economies  hard  globally.  Nevertheless,  the  European  Union  was  clear  that 
the  post-COVID  recovery  needs  to  be  green,  just  and  resilient,  using  the  Green  Deal  as  Europe’s 
blueprint for implementing a green recovery model to ‘build back better’. 

The Green Deal guides EU’s external action, in the areas of climate change, green energy transition, 
ecosystems and biodiversity sustainably, circular economies with fair value chains, green and smart 
urbanisation, and safe and sustainable agri-food production.  

These challenges require joint efforts and integrated responses at national, regional and global level. 
The  European  Commission,  through  the  ‘Team  Europe’  approach  is  joining  forces  with  Member 
States and other partners to foster a green and inclusive transition. 

The combined impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been especially strong on food security and 
nutrition.  Contributing  to  the  achievement  of  SDG  2  and  SDG  12,  EU  interventions  have  been 
instrumental  in improving  sustainable production and agricultural practices. To support  innovation 
for  farming  system  management,  19  DeSIRA  (Development  Smart  Innovation  through  Research  in 
Agriculture  initiative)  projects  were  signed  in  2020.  EU  budget  support  incentivised  diversified 
agricultural  production  and  better  nutritional  support  for  55  000  rural  families  in  Bolivia  and 
Honduras, while contributing to raising the value of the dairy market in Nepal by 21 %.  

Sustainable energy plays a key role in the external dimension of the Green Deal. The EU Partnership 
Instrument  contributed  to  achieving  SDG  7  by  promoting  policy  cooperation  especially  with  G20 
partner countries, such as with India through the EU – India Clean Energy and Climate Partnership 
project and China through the EU-China Energy Cooperation Platform. Issues addressed included the 
development  of  renewable  energy  and  necessary  power  market  reforms,  support  to  energy 
efficiency,  and  support  to  the  global  just  energy  transition.  By  the  end  of  2020,  EU-supported 
sustainable  energy  activities  in  partner  countries  had  contributed  to  the  establishment  of  new 
renewable energy generation capacity of 18 Gigawatts and to more than 22 million people gaining 
access to sustainable energy and energy services improving their livelihoods and boosting the socio-
economic development of their communities. During 2020, EU cooperation with the African Union 
Commission made a  crucial contribution to the elaboration of the African  Single Electricity Market 

30 30 

 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

proposal  for  establishing  an  integrated  continental  electricity  market  that  can  benefit  people  and 
economies across Africa.  

The  European  Green  Deal  has  also  led  to  the  adoption  of  important  policy  documents  on 
biodiversity.  With  the  Biodiversity  Strategy  2030,  the  EU  commits  to  an  increased  support  for 
partners  tackling  the  root  causes  of  biodiversity  loss  and  calls  for  the  adoption  of  an  ambitious 
Global  Biodiversity  Framework  in  2021.  For  this,  the  Commission  has  mainstreamed  biodiversity 
across  interventions,  contributing  to  SDG  15  and  developed  specific  initiatives  such  as  the 
development  of  NaturAfrica  and  of  Landscape  for  Future.  The  former  is  designed  to  protect 
biodiversity  while  creating  better  livelihoods  and  green/circular  economic  opportunities  for  rural 
populations.  The  latter  was  launched  in  23  countries  to  tackle  climate  change  adaptation  and 
ecosystem  conservation  amongst  other  objectives.  For  the  protection  of  life  below  water,  the  EU 
launched the Farm to Fork Strategy, which has an important impact for SDG 14. With the strategy, 
the  EU  promotes  sustainable  management  of  seafood  resources  and  applies  a  zero  tolerance  for 
illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. In 2020, the International Ocean Governance Forum was 
launched,  creating  a  platform  for  stakeholders  to  exchange  on  ocean  challenges  and  governance 
solutions to develop the EU International Ocean Governance Agenda.  

The  Circular  Economy  Action  Plan  adopted  in  March  2020  gave  a  mandate  to  mainstream  circular 
economy  across  all  interventions.  The  SWITCH  to  Circular  Economy  Value  Chains  project  has  a 
budget of EUR 19 million. For the countries covered by the enlargement and neighbourhood policies, 
circular economy was integrated in relevant fora, including the EU-Africa Business Forum but also in 
policy frameworks such as the Regional Economic Area in the Western Balkans. 

In the area of green and smart cities, the Commission is seeking to strengthen interlinkages between 
EU  cities  and  cities  in  partner  countries.  Contributing  to  SDG  11,  the  International  Urban 
Cooperation programme was further scaled up in 2020 and preparations for the upcoming phase in 
2021 have been finalised. The city-to-city partnership for sustainable urban development has already 
contributed to the establishment of 42 partnerships active in the different dimensions of sustainable 
urban development.  

The EU also launched a EUR 1 billion 'European Green Deal Call' for research and innovation projects 
in September 2020, under the Horizon  2020 programme.  The  programme is  open to third country 
participants and the European Green Deal Call promotes opportunities for international cooperation 
in addressing the needs of less-developed nations, particularly in Africa, in the context of the Paris 
Agreement as well as the SDGs. 

SDG #2 Zero Hunger  

Progress under SDG2 is presented in this section, while noting that actions in this field contribute to 
various EU priorities beyond the Green Deal, such as human development and growth and jobs.  

World hunger and food insecurity are still on the rise. It is estimated that almost 690 million people 
worldwide were undernourished in 2019135. Moreover, according to the 2020 Global Report on Food 
Crises,  135  million  people  in  55  countries  or  territories  were  in  the  midst  of  a  food  crisis  in  2019. 
Africa remained the continent most affected by food crises, accounting for 54 % of the global total 

135 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO, State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, 2020. 

31 31 

 
                                                            
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

number of people in crisis or worse. Furthermore, in 2020, COVID-19 has compounded food security 
and  nutrition  issues.  Malnutrition  especially  threatens  to  affect  women  and  girls,  who  already 
represent  60  %  of  the  world’s  food  insecure.  To  respond  to  these  challenges,  the  EU  remained  an 
important financier of interventions to improve sustainable production, food security and nutrition 
throughout the world, with an emphasis on Africa. In this context, the EU is an active contributor to 
the Global Network against Food Crises136. 

In response to the 2020 desert locust threat to food security in Eastern Africa, the EU mobilised EUR 
66  million  for  a  broad  humanitarian-development  approach  in  East  Africa.  This  included  a 
contribution  to  the  UN  Food  and  Agriculture  Organization’s  (FAO)  regional  control  programme  in 
response  to  a  dramatically  increased  hunger  situation  in  the  region.  In  the  field  of  sustainable 
agriculture,  19  DeSIRA  projects  signed  in  2020  plan  to  address  a  range  of  topics  related  to 
agricultural  research  for  innovation,  targeting  issues  related  to  climate  change  including  farming 
systems  management  in  dry  land  or  irrigated  land,  agroecology  and  more.  The  Sustainable  Cocoa 
Initiative was launched in September 2020, building on the opportunity presented by the agreement 
between  the  Ivory  Coast  and  Ghana  (the  world’s  main  producers)  to  provide  a  Living  Income 
Differential to its smallholder farmers, increasing the price received by USD 400 per tonne. The EU 
has acted as honest broker in this collaborative process, bringing together all stakeholders around a 
series of regular dialogues.  

Rural development and agricultural productivity growth are crucial for poverty reduction. In the past 
years, 12 % of EU budget support contracts directly contributed to promote sustainable agriculture 
and fostering food security.  

Preparations  for  the  September  2021  UN  Food  Systems  Summit  (FSS)  started  in  2020.  The  EU 
supported the process through regular exchanges with the FSS Secretariat and through coordination 
with its  Member States.  EU financial support to the Secretariat  through  the  Trust Fund and World 
Food  Programme  (WFP)  has  been  agreed  upon.  In  addition,  the  Commission  has  put  in  place, 
together with FAO and the Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le 
développement  (CIRAD),  a  methodology  on  Food  System  assessments,  which  can  be  helpful  for 
discussions around the FSS. 

SDG #7 Affordable and Clean Energy  

Sustainable energy is key in achieving the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement targets while also 
having a key role in the external dimension of the European Green Deal. In 2020, the EU continued 
to support actions to increase sustainable energy access and decarbonise the energy sector in our 
partner  countries  by  spurring  renewable  energy  generation  and  its  integration  into  the  energy 
systems through power market reforms, energy efficiency solutions, and promoting the phasing out 
of  polluting  fuels.  Progress  has  also  been  made  in  2020  to  systematise  this  across  humanitarian 
interventions, as part of the Clean Energy Challenge137. During 2020, cooperation138 with the African 

136  A  platform  aiming  at  coordinating  the  actions  of  the  main  donors  and  implementing  partners  to  combat 
hunger across the HDP nexus. 
137 
For 
challenge.html#_ga=2.154152632.1406946206.1616084639-1828368331.1616084639  
138 Since 2015 EU has supported the African Union Commission in its role of continental coordinator to develop 
the  African  Single  Electricity Market.  This  cooperation draws  from  the  European  Union’s  30-year  experience 
and success of building the European Single Energy Market. 

www.unhcr.org/uk/clean-energy-

information 

more 

visit: 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Union Commission to harmonise the regulatory framework for energy paved the way for the launch 
of  the  African  Single  Electricity  Market  at  the  African  Union  Summit  that  took  place  in  February 
2021.  This  will  be  a  crucial  step  towards  an  enhanced  cooperation  framework  between  countries 
allowing for an expanded electricity market with common rules. This will enable the use of Africa’s 
abundant  renewable  energy  resources,  spur  trade  and  investment  exchanges,  and  close  energy 
infrastructure  gaps  between  regions  and  countries.  The  EU  supported  the  establishment  of  a 
Continental Electricity Transmission Masterplan that will form the infrastructure backbone for such 
cooperation. EU-China Energy Cooperation Platform provided a crucial support to the transition of 
the  Chinese  energy  sector,  which  is  considered  the  largest  single  polluting  energy  system  in  the 
world.  Regulatory  cooperation  and  exchange  on  more  effective  power  and  energy  infrastructure 
planning and operation are key cooperation areas in this regard. 

Infrastructures,  Renewables  and  Energy  Efficiency 

The  investment  portfolio  of  ongoing  private  sector-led  sustainable  projects  boosted  by  EU 
programmes has expanded to 53 projects across Africa, Asia and Latin America, with an additional 
61  projects  in  the  pipeline  for  the  coming  years.  Through  the  two  programmes  Demand  Side 
(DESIREE)139  and 
Management,  Social 
strengthening  the  entrepreneurial  ecosystem  for  the  clean  cooking  sector  (SEE  Clean  Cooking)140, 
the  EU is stepping  up action in priority areas such as energy efficiency, the  electrification  of social 
infrastructure and clean cooking. Through the Strategic Partnerships for the Implementation of the 
Paris  Agreement  (SPIPA)  project,  the  EU  engaged  G20  countries  (Russia,  Canada,  Australia,  South 
Africa, etc.) on topics related to energy transition such as energy efficiency, energy poverty and just 
transition, and clean energy technologies. 

In  the  countries  covered  by  the  EU’s  enlargement  and  neighbourhood  policies,  energy  has  been  a 
key priority in the overall policy framework. In the Economic and Investment Plan for the Western 
Balkans,  three  Flagship  initiatives  are  related  to  clean  energy  transition,  contributing  to  the 
decarbonisation  pillar  of  the  Green  Agenda  for  the  Western  Balkans.  The  post-2020  Eastern 
Partnership  agenda  identifies  energy  connectivity,  the  transition  to  clean  energy  and  energy 
efficiency  as  priorities  for  the  region.  Extensive  discussions on energy  efficiency,  environment 
and climate change took place in the context of the meetings of the Eastern Partnership Platform on 
Connectivity.  In  the  context  of  the  Energy  Community,  adoption  and  implementation  of  EU  acquis 
has been pursued. 

SDG #11 Sustainable Cities and Communities  

With cities globally contributing 80 % of GDP, 70 % of global energy consumption and 70 % of global 
carbon  emissions,  the  role  of  urban  centres  has  increasingly  shaped  development  challenges  and 
opportunities in developing countries. In the next 30 years, the global urban population is projected 
to increase by two billion, 90 % of which will occur in Africa and developing countries in Asia. In 2020 
the  Commission  has  continued  to  support  the  development  of  the  Global  Covenant  of  Mayors  for 
Climate  and  Energy.  The  Commission  has  supported  the  mobilisation  of  finance  in  support  of 

139  EUR  73.9  million  programme  implemented  by  the  European  Investment  Bank  (EIB),  supporting  the 
establishment  of  super-energy  service  companies,  demand  side  management  between  power  distribution 
utilities and local banks and de-risk business models for the sustainable electrification of social infrastructure. 
140  EUR  12  million  project  to  pilot  the  transition  towards  clean  cooking  solutions,  with  a  specific  focus  on 
gender and health. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

sustainable  urban  development,  where  a  wide  range  of  urban  investments  have  benefitted  from 
blended finance, both in neighbourhood countries and in partner countries in the developing world. 
In the context of the European External Investment Plan, the first guarantee programmes targeting 
sustainable  cities  were  contracted  in  2020,  namely  the  Resilient  City  Development programme 
(RECIDE) implemented by Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) 
and the World Bank.  

Risk  mitigation  efforts  developed  through  the  Centre  of  Excellence  Initiative  under  IcSP  Article  5, 
alongside  disaster  management  planning,  are  actions  which  contribute  directly  to  reducing  the 
number of deaths and the number of people affected by disasters, including water-related disasters. 
Developing  institutional  capabilities  and  resilience  to  disasters,  alongside  integrated  policies  and 
plans  related  to  chemical,  biological,  radiological  and  nuclear  (CBRN)  management  is  of  great 
importance in this area. 

The  Commission  is  seeking  to  strengthen  interlinkages  between  EU  cities  and  cities  in  partner 
countries. The city-to-city partnership for sustainable urban development has so far contributed to 
the  establishment  of  42  partnerships  active  in  the  different  dimensions  of  sustainable  urban 
development. Within the Partnership Instruments, the International urban cooperation programme 
was  further  scaled  up  in  2020  and  preparation  for  the  next  phase  of  the  programme,  starting  in 
2021, was finalised. The overall objective of the programme is to strengthen EU climate and urban 
diplomacy and leadership in the context of the New Urban Agenda and the Paris Agreement, and to 
support cities in addressing climate and sustainable development challenges. 

SDG #12 Responsible Consumption and Production  

The  Circular  Economy  Action  Plan  adopted  in  March  2020  has  reinforced  EU  ambition  to  achieve 
progress on sustainable consumption and production patterns, while contributing at the same time 
to  other  SDGs,  including  SDG  13  on  combatting  climate  change.  The  new  Action  Plan  has  a  strong 
external  dimension  and  covers  bilateral,  regional  and  multilateral  policy  dialogues,  environmental 
agreements, as well as pre-accession assistance and neighbourhood, development and international 
cooperation programmes, such as a stronger partnership with Africa to maximize the benefits of the 
green  transition.  New  cooperation  actions  were  launched  in  2020,  such  as  the  SWITCH  to  Circular 
Economy  Value  Chains  project  launched  in  the  context  of  the  World  Circular  Economy  Forum  and 
with an allocation of EUR 19 million. Progress was also achieved as part of the Partnership for Action 
on  Green  Economy,  which  promotes  economic  policy  reforms  contributing  to  sustainable 
consumption  and  production  in  20  countries.  In  the  countries  covered  by  the  enlargement  and 
neighbourhood policies, circular economy has been integrated in relevant fora (such as the EU-Africa 
business forum) and  policy frameworks (like.  the  Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, Regional 
Economic Area in Western Balkans, and Eastern and Southern Partnership deliverables). 

SDG #13 Climate Action  

Climate  change  is  a  key  priority  of  the  EU’s  external  action  and  a  central  theme  of  the  European 
Green  Deal,  the  aim  of  which  is  to  reach  climate  neutrality  by  2050  in  Europe  –  something  that 
cannot be achieved without the cooperation of EU’s closest neighbours. Therefore, the EU is strongly 
committed to work with its partner countries to implement the Paris and the Sendai Framework for 
Disaster  Risk  Reduction  (SFDRR)  2015-2030.  The  Strategic  Partnerships  for  the  Implementation  of 
the Paris Agreement (SPIPA) project, funded by the EU’s Partnership Instrument (EUR 20 million) and 
the  German  government  (EUR  5  million),  encourage  major  economies  to  implement  the  Paris 

34 34 

 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Agreement  by  facilitating  the  move  from  political  commitment  to  action.  In  2020,  SPIPA  produced 
knowledge  tools,  including  quantitative  modelling,  studies  and  mappings  to  provide  insights  on 
climate  change  governance  and  institutional  architecture  in  climate  policy  in  SPIPA  partner 
countries.  SPIPA  provided  thematic  papers  on  adaptation,  just  transition,  long-term  strategies, 
monitoring,  reporting  and  verification,  as  well  as  sustainable  finance.  Under  Article  5  of  the 
Instrument  contributing  to  Stability  and  Peace  (IcSP),  an  action  contracted  in  2020  focused  on 
enhancing regional cooperation and contributing to maintaining stability in the Central Asia region, 
which is crucial for security of the EU. The action aims to establish an integrated approach to climate 
security  challenges  and  for  climate  risk  resilient  development  opportunities.  It  will  enhance  early 
warning and prevention measures to help promote good neighbourly relations with a view to reduce 
tensions over limited natural resources.  

In 2020, the EU provided a EUR 10 million financial contribution to the United Nations Framework 
Convention  on  Climate  Change  (UNFCCC)  Adaptation  Fund,  which  aims  to  contribute  to  global 
efforts  to  address  climate  change  in  the  most  vulnerable  countries  of  the  world.  The  EU  also 
supports  partner  countries  to  implement  their  Nationally  Determined  Contributions  (NDCs)  in  line 
with the Paris Agreement. Direct support was provided to 12 partner countries for upgrading their 
NDCs  in  view  of  their  submission  to  the  UNFCCC.  In  2020,  the  EU  initiated  the  establishment  of  a 
EUR 14 million NDC Technical Facility and a new Mainstreaming Facility (EUR 4 million) to support 
the  implementation  of  the  external  dimension  of  the  Green  Deal.  Through  the  Global  Climate 
Change  Alliance+  (GCCA+),  the  EU  has  contributed  to  more  than  80  national  climate  change 
strategies in over 60 countries.  

Through the Intra African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) 11th European Development Fund (EDF) Natural 
Disaster Risk Reduction Programme adopted in 2020 (EUR 100 million), the EU will contribute to reduce 
the impact of disasters, including those related to climate change and biological hazards such as COVID-19 
and increase resilience in ACP countries. The EU supports countries in strengthening their capacities for 
preparedness for response through its humanitarian aid operations with the objective of protecting lives 
and  livelihoods.  In  2020,  EUR  50  million  were  allocated  for  strengthening  the  response  capacities  of 
countries through humanitarian aid projects worldwide.  

In  the  countries  covered  by  the  enlargement  and  neighbourhood  policies,  climate  action  has  fully 
been integrated in policy  frameworks, such as the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans and the 
post-2020  Eastern  Partnership  agenda.  Specific  bilateral  and  regional  actions  as  well  as  blending 
instruments  (Western  Balkans  Investment  Framework  and  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform) 
have  been  targeting  approximation  with  EU  climate  acquis,  floods  risk  management  and 
decarbonisation at both national and local levels. Enhanced policy dialogues on the green transition 
supported the partner countries’ ambition, leading to the launch of bilateral green partnerships with 
Ukraine and Morocco. 

SDG #14 Life below Water  

In  2020,  the  Commission  published  important  policy  documents  as  part  of  the  European  Green  Deal 
addressing ocean-related issues, such as the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Biodiversity Strategy 2030 and the 
Circular Economy Action Plan. Through the Farm to Fork strategy the EU will apply zero tolerance in the 
fight  against  illegal,  unreported  and  unregulated  fishing  (IUU),  promote  sustainable  management  of 
seafood  resources  and  strengthen  ocean  governance.  The  EU  Biodiversity  Strategy  for  2030  calls  for 
supporting partner countries and regional organisations to protect and sustainably use sensitive maritime 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

ecosystems  and  species,  focusing  on  marine  biodiversity  hotspots,  and  cooperation  with  Small  Island 
Developing  States.  With  the  Circular  Economy  Action  Plan,  the  EU  commits  to  support  international 
actions to promote a circular plastics economy in non-EU countries.  

In 2020, the Commission launched the EU International Ocean Governance Forum. The Forum was 
created  as  a  platform  for  ocean  stakeholders  within  and  beyond  Europe  to  share  understanding, 
experiences  and  good  practices  on  ocean  governance,  and  to  support  the  further  development  of 
the EU International Ocean Governance Agenda. Moreover, support for negotiations in the UN on a 
legally binding instrument on the  conservation and  sustainable use of marine  biodiversity  of areas 
beyond  national  jurisdiction  (BBNJ)  has  continued  in  2020  including  through  the  organisation  of  a 
dedicated international workshop in Brussels and participation in the extended intersessional work.  

Under the Partnership Instrument the EU supports a EUR 9 million project to address marine litter in 
hotspot countries and rivers in east and south-east Asia. 

The EU has been a strong driver of strengthening existing regional fisheries management bodies. In 
2020,  the  implementation  of  the  ECOFISH  programme  started  with  the  objective  of  strengthening 
regional  capacity  to  fight  IUU  fishing  in  the  African  part  of  the  Indian  Ocean  and  support  fisheries 
management  and  governance  initiatives  in  small-scale  marine  and  inland  fisheries.  Similarly, 
implementation  of  the  PESCAO  programme  continued  in  2020  with  the  objective  of  improving 
regional fisheries governance in West Africa. A new programme that started in 2020 will support 12 
ACP  countries  to  tackle  some  of  the  underlying  challenges  in  building  sustainable  fisheries  and 
aquaculture.  The  programme  is  focussing  on  contributing  to  food  security  and  nutrition  and 
enhancing  the  productivity  and  competitiveness  of  value  chains,  while  ensuring  that  economic 
improvements  go  hand  in  hand  with  the  protection,  management  and  sustainable  use  of  aquatic 
resources and social inclusiveness. 

SDG #15 Life on Land  

In 2020, the Commission published important policy documents as part of the European Green Deal to 
tackle biodiversity loss and foster the green transition, such as the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Biodiversity 
Strategy  2030  and  the  Circular  Economy  Action  Plan.  With  the  Biodiversity  Strategy  2030,  the  EU  has 
committed to step up its support to partners to tackle the root causes of biodiversity loss and adopt an 
ambitious  Global  Biodiversity  Framework  in  2021.  To  implement  its  ambitions,  the  Commission  has 
mainstreamed  biodiversity  across  all  its  interventions  and  has  developed  specific  actions  such  as  the 
NaturAfrica initiative, designed to protect biodiversity while creating green economic opportunities and 
better  livelihoods  for  local  populations.  The  Landscape  for  Future  joint  initiative  was  launched  in  23 
countries  tackling  climate  change  adaptation  and  mitigation,  ecosystem  conservation,  sustainable 
agriculture  and  food  security.  As  forests  host  80  %  of  the  biodiversity,  and  in  line  with  the  2019 
Communication on the World’s Forests, the Commission has proposed to develop Forest Partnerships to 
support  sustainable  forest  management  in  partner  countries.  In  the  framework  of  the  on-going 
implementation of the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan, progress has 
been  made  in  many  partner  countries  on  Voluntary  Partnership  Agreements  (VPA).  A  new  VPA  with 
Honduras was finalised in 2020.  

Through its Partnership Instrument, the EU has used its influence to halt biodiversity loss by shaping 
an ambitious post-2020 global biodiversity framework and by advancing its environmental priorities 
with G7 and G20 partners. The EU action to protect biodiversity has mobilised experts, policymakers, 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

young leaders, and scientists from the EU’s key partner countries to design an ambitious follow-up 
framework to the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011-2020). 

Selected results 2018-2020141 
23 404 000 food-insecure people received EU assistance. 

11 324 000 women of reproductive age, adolescent girls and children under five were reached by 
nutrition-related interventions supported by the EU – among whom 5 360 000 were food-insecure. 

18 184 000 smallholders – 2 694 000 of whom were food-insecure – were reached with EU-
supported interventions aimed at increasing their sustainable production, access to markets 
and/or security of land. 

1 668 000 ha of agricultural and pastoral ecosystems were managed by sustainable land 
management practices with EU support. 

Source: EU Results Framework indicators142 

•  Food  insecure  people  from  44  countries  have  received  EU  assistance.  Assistance  includes,  for 
example, support to improve subsistence farming practices, provision of social transfers (in cash 
or in kind) to poor or vulnerable individuals aimed at reducing their deficits in food consumption 
or interventions that aim to improve nutritional adequacy of food intake. 

• 

In Northern Nigeria, the EU Support to Food Security and Resilience programme reached 72 000 
members of farming households who accessed reserves of grain and seeds for the new planting 
season.  

EU RF indicators disaggregated by sex 

EU Results Framework indicators 

Total 

women/girls 

men/boys 

Not 
identified 

2.1  Number  of  food-insecure  people 
receiving EU assistance 
2.2  Number  of  women  of  reproductive 
age, adolescent girls and children under 
five 
reached  by  nutrition-related 
interventions supported by the EU 
2.3  Number  of  smallholders  reached 
with EU-supported interventions aimed 
to 
sustainable 
production,  access  to  markets  and/or 
security of land 

increase 

their 

23 404 
000 

11 324 
000 

18 184 
000 

5 647 000 

5 235 000 

12 522 000 

3 050 000 

2 212 000 

6 062 000 

1 035 707 

1 644 778 

15 503 744 

141  2018-2020  stands  for  the  reporting  year.  The  EU-funded  interventions  that  contribute  to  this  figure  are 
ongoing  or  closed  projects  managed  by  INTPA  and  NEAR  (ENI)  that  started  between  January  2014  and  July 
2019. The values reported for EU RF indicators are cumulative, including all results reported for these projects 
since start of implementation. 
142 Collecting results from EU-funded interventions managed by NEAR (ENI) and INTPA. Further information on 
scope and methodology in chapter 6. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

22 043 000 individuals accessing electricity with EU support through new or improved access. 

18 000 megawatts of renewable energy generation capacity installed with EU support. 

158 countries and cities developed or implemented climate change and/or disaster risk reduction 
strategies with EU support. 

19 000 MSMEs applied sustainable consumption practices with EU support. 

57 356 000 tonnes of CO2e greenhouse gas emissions avoided with EU support. 

Source: EU Results Framework indicators143 

•  The value for renewable energy generation capacity installed with EU support increased by 35 % 
since last year (from 13 000 megawatts for reporting year 2018-2019 to 18 000 megawatts for 
reporting year 2018-2020). The value for CO2 greenhouse gas emissions avoided with EU support 
increased by 103 % since last year (from 28 204 000 tonnes CO2eq for reporting year 2018-2019 
to  57  356  000  tonnes  CO2eq  for  reporting  year  2018-2020).  These  very  large  increases  reflect 
improved reporting due to the systematic inclusion of all blending operations in the latest results 
data collection exercise. 

•  The value for new or improved connections to electricity with EU support increased by 9 % since 
last year (from 20 230 000 for reporting year 2018-2019 to 22 043 000 individuals for reporting 
year  2018-2020).  86  %  of  this  increase  reflects  improvements  to  the  infrastructure  connecting 
households to the energy source, and 14 % reflects increased energy generation capacity. 

•  Of the 158 countries and cities that developed or implemented climate change and/or disaster 

risk strategies, 90 were countries and 68 were cities. 

•  The Sustainable Urban Development Projects Support Mechanism assists local authorities in the 
Eastern  Neighbourhood  Partnership  (ENP)  partner  countries  to  address  local  sustainable 
development  challenges,  including  dependency  on  fossil  fuels,  energy  efficiency,  security  of 
energy  supply,  and  economic  growth,  etc.,  by  enabling  them  to  implement  measures 
incorporated  in  their  Sustainable  Energy  Action  Plans.  So  far,  the  measures  implemented  with 
project  support  have  contributed  to  avoiding  9  919  tonnes  of  greenhouse  gas  emissions  per 
year, mainly in Belarus and Ukraine, but also in Armenia, Georgia and Moldova. 

7 100 km2 marine areas were under protection with EU support. 

44 390 000 ha of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems were under protection with EU support. 

63 682 000 ha of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems were under sustainable management with 
EU support. 

Source: EU Results Framework indicators144 

143 Collecting results from EU-funded interventions managed by NEAR (ENI) and INTPA. Further information on 
scope and methodology in chapter 6. 
144 Collecting results from EU-funded interventions managed by NEAR (ENI) and INTPA. Further information on 
scope and methodology in chapter 6. 

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• 

• 

In  Latin  America,  25  million  hectares  of  terrestrial  and  freshwater  ecosystems  were  under 
protection, and 13 million hectares of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems were managed 
to ensure biological diversity and to preserve natural heritage with EU support. In Bolivia, for 
example,  the  Budget  Support  Integrated  water  and  natural  resource  management 
contributed to 250 000 hectares of forest with forest management plans. 

In the Caribbean, a multi-country project for civil society and small enterprises to conserve 
marine and coastal biodiversity has identified priority marine areas in Antigua and Barbuda, 
Saint Lucia, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Vincent and Grenadines and Grenada. Under this intervention, 
the EU has provided support for conservation of marine protected areas of 2 800 km2. 

Sustainable Growth and Jobs 

3.3. 
In 2020, the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 crisis put a huge stress on public finances and 
debt  sustainability  of  many  developing  countries,  seriously  affecting  their  ability  to  achieve 
sustainable  growth  and  job  creation.  The  crisis  required  a  policy  response  that  balances  human 
development, economic concerns (growth and employment) and long-term sustainability. Therefore, 
in May 2020, President von der Leyen called for a Global Recovery Initiative, linking debt relief and 
investment to the SDGs to promote a green, digital, just and resilient recovery.  

Budget  support  programmes  played  an  essential  role  in  providing  a  COVID-19  crisis  response.  The 
total  budget  support  payments  amounted  to  nearly  EUR  3  billion  in  2020.  These  funds  provided 
urgent  support  to  partner  countries’  fiscal  space,  allowing  them  to  implement  their  COVID-19 
response  plans,  including  health  and  economic  recovery  measures,  and  to  continue  delivering  key 
public services.  

The EU applied an integrated approach to attracting more investment. With over EUR 1.55 billion of 
the  European  Fund  for  Sustainable  Development  (EFSD)  Guarantee,  the  EU  has  shared  the  risks 
involved  in  investing  together  with  development  banks  and  private  investors.  By  doing  so,  the  EU 
encourages  financial  institutions  to  come  in,  lend  to  local  entrepreneurs  and  finance  development 
projects.  In  addition  to  EFSD  guarantees  and  blending  financing,  the  EU  also  provides  technical 
assistance and investment in climate support. In 2020, the EU contributed over EUR 111 million for 
technical assistance accompanying the EFSD guarantees. 

Despite  the  COVID-19  context,  progress  continued  on  improving  the  investment  climate  and  de-
risking  sustainable  investment  in  partner  countries.  The  number  of  EU  Delegations  involved  in 
facilitating public-private dialogue (PPD) increased from 32 in 2019 to 36 in 2020. Two new European 
Business Organisations were established, in Guinea Conakry and in Cameroon, and 15 webinars and 
15  workshops  were  organised  with  EU  Delegations,  and  public  and  private  stakeholders  in  ACP 
countries.  

Cooperation with Neighbourhood partners is aligned with the Commission’s priorities and addresses 
structural  and  new  challenges.  Economic  development  and  cooperation  on  youth,  education  and 
skills are key pillars in this partnership. As the COVID pandemic has affected all economics around 
the Neighbourhood region, efforts have been deployed to support countries to seize new trends and 
opportunities, including the twin green and digital transitions as accelerators of sustainable growth. 
In  addition,  an  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  for  the  Western  Balkans145  set  out  a substantial 

145 COM(2020) 641 final of 6 October 2020. 

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investment  package  mobilising  up  to  EUR  9  billion  of  funding  for  the  region.  It  will  support 
sustainable connectivity, human capital, competitiveness and inclusive growth, and the twin green 
and digital transition. 

The  creation  of  decent  jobs  in  Africa  remained  a  high  priority  for  the  Commission,  following  the 
political  commitments  made  in  2018  in  the  Africa-Europe  Alliance  for  Investment  and  Jobs.  To 
address  limited  creation  of  decent  jobs  paired  with  high  population  growth  putting  stress  on  the 
labour market in many African countries, the investment programme focused on job creation even 
though assessing employment impact continues to be a challenge.  

The EU Aid for Trade (AfT) Strategy, including thematic support to the African Continental Free Trade 
Area (AfCFTA), continued to be implemented. The EU AfT Progress Report prepared in 2020 provides 
insights into EU progress related to Aid for Trade.  

SDG #8 Decent Work and Economic Growth  

In 2020, the EU supported SDG 8 through the implementation of ongoing actions and the adoption 
of several new initiatives. Faced with the severe economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 
crisis in partner countries, the Commission stepped in swiftly by reorienting and frontloading funds 
and setting-up the Team Europe approach to mobilise and make available resources as a basis for a 
building resilience and achieving a sustainable recovery globally.  

The Sustainable Investment Climate and Value Chains Programme III worth EUR 10 million aims at 
increasing partner countries’ capacity to implement sanitary and phytosanitary standards; improving 
transparency,  accountability  and  good  governance  in  mineral  value  chains;  and  supporting  the 
improvement  of  the  investment  climate  and  the  facilitation  of  public-private  dialogue.  A  contract 
worth EUR 1 million was signed with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) 
to mark the Commission’s formal joining of the G7 CONNEX initiative that supports governments in 
developing countries and economies in transition in negotiating complex contracts in the extractive 
sector. Moreover, the Commission strengthened its support to the implementation of the Extractive 
Industries  Transparency  Initiative  (EITI)  with  an  additional  EUR  0.5  million,  bringing  the  overall 
amount of EU support to EUR 1.5 million. Furthermore, in April 2020 the Commission formalised its 
position and participation in the EITI Board as Observer. 

The Access to finance, knowledge management, and financial inclusion action worth EUR 92 million 
in  favour  of  intra-ACP  cooperation  aims  to  support  underserved  segments  of  the  ACP  economies, 
especially  those  most  impacted  by  the  ongoing  COVID-19  economic  crisis.  A  contract  of  EUR  20 
million  for  the  programme  ‘Inclusive  access  to  finance  for  women’s  economic  empowerment’  was 
signed  with  GIZ  and  implemented  with  the  Tony  Elemelu  Foundation  to  increase  the  economic 
inclusion  and  empowerment  of  more  than  2  500  women  to  create  more  decent  jobs  in  African 
economies.  

The Women’s Financial Inclusion Facility (WFIF), a partnership with the Women’s World Banking and 
KfW, reached its first financial closure having raised EUR 75 million in 2020 in support of women’s 
economic empowerment and financial inclusion. The EUR 10 million EU contribution as the anchor 
investor has been instrumental in leveraging significant additional public and private investments to 
the  fund  and  the  EU  contribution  alone  is  set  to  reach  6.3  million  women  with  improved  financial 
inclusion, through access to financial products and services. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

The  EU  Partnership  for  Responsible  Minerals  (EPRM),  with  its  10  projects  active  in  the  area  of 
promotion of responsible practices among Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) communities, has 
contributed to setting up 22 cooperatives or organisations of miners in Colombia, Kenia, Uganda and 
Indonesia among others, enabling them to access formal markets. It is estimated that around 1 000 
miners  have  benefitted  so  far  from  training  and  capacity  building  activities  across  several  CAHRAs 
(Conflict Affected and High Risk Areas) worldwide. 

A  contract  Leveraging  digital  finance  to  increase  resilience  of  ACP  countries  with  the  UN  Capital 
Development Fund of EUR 14.4 million supports key policy reforms for digital transformation as well 
as creating inclusive financial services. It will enable up to 300 000 women, young people and micro 
entrepreneurs to actively use new digital financial solutions. 

The  Promoting  Sustainable  Investment  Climate  through  the  EU  support  to  World  Benchmarking 
Alliance  (WBA)  project  concluded  with  the  Dutch  Ministry  for  Foreign  Affairs  aims  to  promote 
dialogue and action around the role of business in achieving the SDGs.  

A EUR 6 million project Strengthen 2:  employment  impact assessment to maximise job creation in 
Africa  signed  with  the  International  Labour  Organization  (ILO)  aims  to  provide  analysis  on  the 
employment  outcome  of  envisaged  investments,  while  building  the  capacity  of  stakeholders  and 
working on harmonisation of approaches. The EUR 15 million project Vocational Educational Training 
(VET)  toolbox  2:  Enhanced  delivery  of  demand-driven  skills  Development  for  investment  in  Africa 
signed with a consortium of EU Member States’ agencies aims to identify investment related skills 
need and support local VET institutions to address the identified skills gaps, while drawing lessons 
from an opportunity driven VET response for policy enhancement. 

An additional EUR 11 million was provided for project EU Expert Facility on Employment, Labour and 
Social  Protection  (SOCIEUX  +)  to  enhance  the  capacities  of  partner  countries  to  better  design, 
manage  and  monitor  effective,  inclusive  and  sustainable  employment  and  social  protection 
strategies through peer-to-peer short-term technical assistance.  

In the Western Balkans and Turkey, over 25 EU programmes contributed directly to labour market 
inclusion and decent work in the region. 13 targeted actions were launched in Kosovo committing a 
total of EUR 2.9 million over two years. At the regional level, the project Western Balkans & Turkey 
for EmploYouth started contributing to strengthening regional cooperation, participatory democracy 
and the wider convergence process toward the EU in Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia 
and Turkey. 

Project  Responsible  Business  Conduct  (EUR  24.5  million)  encouraged  the  uptake  of  the  OECD’s 
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, ILO Tripartite Declaration, and the UN’s Guiding Principles 
on Business and Human Rights in Latin American and Asian supply chains, levelling the playing field 
for businesses that integrate human rights considerations into their operations and supply chains.  

The  EU  Gateway  |  Business  Avenues  project  supported  2  200  European  companies  in  establishing 
and  strengthening  their  business  relations  in  Asia  by  investing  in  the  most  promising  sustainable 
technologies  and  products,  turning  the  benefits  of  climate  neutrality,  digital  solutions,  and 
healthcare, into substantive business opportunities. 

In the Southern Neighbourhood, the EU has been working with the ILO on the implementation of the 
regional  programme  on  ‘Mainstreaming  Employment  into  Trade  and  Investment  in  the  Southern 
Neighbourhood’. The programme aims to support policy makers in incorporating employment issues 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

into  trade  and  investment  policies,  and  design  and  implement  trade  and  investment  interventions 
that ultimately optimise the quantity and quality of employment created in the region. 

SDG #17 Partnerships to achieve the Goal  

This  section  addresses  the  EU  contribution  to  the  various  means  of  implementation  for  the  SDGs, 
having regard to SDG17 and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda.  

Finance:  The  EU  supports  domestic  revenue  mobilisation,  as  well  as  public  finance  management 
reform  in  the  context  of  budget  support  operations  and  through  policy  dialogue  and  technical 
assistance. To assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability, the EU in 2020 
strongly supported the G20/Paris Club Debt Service  Suspension Initiative (DSSI) and took an active 
role in negotiating an agreement on the Common Framework for debt treatment beyond the DSSI. 
The  EU  also  promotes  investment  in  its  partner  countries,  including  Least  Developed  Countries 
(LDCs).  In  2020,  the  Addis  Tax  Initiative  declaration  2025  was  adopted,  providing  a  framework  to 
monitor joint commitments on domestic revenue mobilisation. 

In 2020, based on the OECD-DAC’s preliminary data, the EU and its 27 Member States maintained 
their position as the biggest provider of official development assistance (ODA), accounting for 46 % 
of global ODA to developing countries from the EU and other DAC donors (0.50 % of gross national 
income (GNI). In 2019, the EU and its then 28 Member States’ ODA to LDCs stood at 0.12% of GNI 
(latest available data).  

Technology:  In  2020,  the  EU  boosted  its  engagement  in  the  digital  transformation,  set  up  new 
initiatives in the domain of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and expanded work on the EU 
Copernicus Earth Observation satellite system globally.  

Capacity-building:  Also  in  2020,  the  EU  continued  to  support  partner  countries  in  their  plans  to 
implement the SDGs. This included engaging with UN Resident Coordinators and bringing together 
multilateral and bilateral actors on integrated national financing frameworks. In the context of the 
COVID-19 pandemic, the EU played a leading role in linking the global effort to ‘build back better’ to 
the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs, in line with President von der Leyen’s Global Recovery Initiative.  

Trade: The  EU and its  Member States  committed in 2017 in the  Updated  Joint Strategy on Aid for 
Trade (AfT) to increase the proportion of aid for trade directed towards LDCs progressively to 25 % 
of  total  EU  aid  for  trade  by  2030.  In  2018  (latest  available  data),  EU  and  Member  States'  AfT 
commitments to LDCs represented 22 % of their total AfT, which corresponds to almost EUR 3 billion 
in absolute figures. 

Systemic issues 

Policy and institutional  coherence: In 2020 the Commission continued its efforts to advance policy 
coherence for development and to improve the effectiveness of development cooperation, including 
by playing a leading role within the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation.  

Multi-stakeholder  partnerships:  The  EU  continued  to  actively  engage  in  various  UN  processes  and 
was a strong supporter of UN reform. The Commission also continued to play an influential role in 
major  OECD-DAC  policies,  acts  and  events,  for  example  in  negotiations  for  the  new  DAC  Global 
Relations  Strategy.  The  Commission  further  strengthened  partnerships  with  international  financial 
institutions,  with  high-level  participation  at  the  World  Bank  Group  (WBG)  and  International 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Monetary  Fund  (IMF)  spring  and  annual  meetings  and  closer  collaboration  with  the  Islamic 
Development Bank. The EU was active in the G7 and G20, and endorsed the G20 Support to COVID-
19 Response and Recovery in Developing Countries. 

To promote cooperation and alliance building on global issues of mutual interest, the EU continued 
to build strong cooperation in 2020 with partner countries and middle-income countries through the 
Partnership Instrument.  

The Commission continued its work in the core group of the donor competence network Learn4Dev, 
where  34  development  organisations  share  best  practices  and  promote  joint  learning  and 
knowledge management.  

The  EU  also  continued  to  support  the  capacity  and  participation  in  policymaking  of  civil  society 
organisations (CSOs) and of local authorities, including through Framework Partnership Agreements 
with 25 global and regional networks (20 networks of CSOs and five associations of local authorities). 
In 2020, the second call of the 'Local authorities: partnerships for sustainable cities' programme was 
launched  to  finance  decentralised  cooperation  projects  among  local  authorities  of  the  EU  and 
Member States and of partner countries.  

Data,  monitoring  and  accountability:  The  Commission  continued  to  support  Data  for  Decisions,  an 
IMF-led  Trust  Fund  aimed  to  improve  the  use  of  data  at  country  level.  The  Commission  also 
remained engaged with Eurostat in activities undertaken in the framework of the Bern Network on 
Financing  Data  for  Development,  an  open,  multi-stakeholder  alliance  to  support  more  and  better 
financing for data. 

Selected results 2018-2020146 

521 000 jobs were supported or sustained by the EU. 

110 countries were supported by the EU to strengthen their investment climate. 

737 000 firms had access to financial services with EU support. 

2 311 000 individuals had access to financial services with EU support. 

33 000 quality schemes were adopted by economic operators with EU support. 

1  684  000  people  have  benefited  from  institution-  or  workplace-based  VET/skills  development 
interventions supported by the EU. 

153  countries  were  supported  by  the  EU  to  strengthen  revenue  mobilisation,  public  financial 
management and/or budget transparency. 

Source: EU Results Framework indicators147 

146  2018-2020  stands  for  the  reporting  year.  The  EU-funded  interventions  that  contribute  to  this  figure  are 
ongoing  or  closed  projects  managed  by  INTPA  and  NEAR  (ENI)  that  started  between  January  2014  and  July 
2019. The values reported for EU RF indicators are cumulative, including all results reported for these projects 
since start of implementation. 
147 Collecting results from EU-funded interventions managed by NEAR (ENI) and INTPA. Further information on 
scope and methodology in chapter 6. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

•  Approximately a one-third of the jobs directly created or sustained with the support of the EU 
were  located  in  the  Sub-Saharan  Africa  (i.e.  South  Africa,  Ethiopia,  Somalia,  etc),  and  a  tenth 
took place in the energy sector.  

•  The  Promoting  Inclusive  Economic  Growth  in  Egypt  Programme  aims  to  strengthen  the 
capacities of the private sector and civil society to deliver support services to MSMEs engaged in 
innovative  and  creative  economic  activities,  including  in  cultural  tourism  projects.  One  of  the 
projects in this programme, Visit Badrashin! A responsible tourism strategy for an inclusive and 
innovative  rural  economy,  is  supporting  the  development  of  a  hub  to  deliver  Business 
Development  Services  in  a  rural  area  with  high  unemployment  and  high  tourism  potential.  So 
far, the project has directly created 499 jobs. 

•  The EU supported financial inclusion in 62 countries, assisting MSMEs and individuals to access 
financial products (i.e. credit, insurance, leasing, etc), with blending operations being the most 
common instrument used to access financing by firms. 

•  Central  America  and  the  Caribbean  registers  the  largest  results  figure  in  skills  development 
through  vocational  education  and  training  (VET)  programmes.  In  the  Dominican  Republic,  660 
000  individuals  have  obtained  a  vocational  qualification  with  the  public  national  institute  of 
professional training. 

EU RF indicators disaggregated by sex 

EU Results Framework indicator 

Total 

women/girls  men/boys 

Not 
identified 

2.13b  Number  of  beneficiaries  with 
access  to  financial  services  with  EU 
support: b) individuals 
2.15 Number of people who have 
benefited from institution- or workplace-
based VET/skills development 
interventions supported by the EU 

2 311 000 

256 000 

578 000 

1 477 000 

1 684 000 

684 000 

595 000 

405 000 

Science, Technology, Innovation and Digitalisation  

3.4. 
In 2020, digitalisation became one of the top priorities of the Commission and engagement in  the 
digital transformation of partner countries increased. A total of EUR 60 million has been channelled 
for rapid digital COVID-19 response interventions in partner countries including the support of digital 
solutions for health and education systems and strengthening digital financial inclusion. December 
2020  saw  the  high-level  political  launch  of  the  Digital4Development  (D4D)  Hub  as  a  strategic 
platform for multi-stakeholder dialogue and Member States coordination to  boost investment and 
partnerships  in digital  transformation. Together with the African Union Commission (AUC) and the 
German  Federal  Ministry  for  Economic  Cooperation  and  Development  (BMZ),  the  Commission 
initiated  the  EU-AU  Data  Flagship  creating  an  African-European  Expert  Group  on  data  and 
elaborating a joint proposal for a data economy partnership between the two continents. Thematic 
support to  EU  delegations  increased  significantly  in  digitalisation,  providing  tailored  assistance  to 
strengthen the digital dimensions of their programmes.  

In  addition,  under  the  EU-LAC  Policy  Dialogue  Support  Facility  (EU-LAC  PDSF,  2020-2023)  a  new 
action Support to wildfire management in the Amazon and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 
region was launched in 2020 (managed by the JRC, in coordination with EEAS and other DGs). 

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The action intends to enhance cooperation and dialogue between the EU, LAC partner countries and 
regional/international  organisations  (such  as  FAO,  ACTO,  Leticia  Pact,  UNEP,  etc.),  to  address 
challenges in the Amazon and LAC region, by providing scientific evidence for policies and sharing EU 
lessons learned on wildfire management. The action contributes to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 
Development,  the  EU  Green  Deal,  and  the  Digital  Transition  Strategy  by  promoting  the 
transformation towards a green economy using EU research, technology and expertise; Investing in 
knowledge  and  innovation,  sharing  EU  knowledge  on  wildfire  management  with  the  LAC  region; 
Advancing the digital economy management, notably using space technology (Copernicus and GEO, 
etc.). The activities under this action will continue after 2022 under the framework of the new TEI on 
the Amazon.  

In 2020, the PRIDA project’s prototype for monitoring and evaluation of harmonisation of ICT policy, 
legal and regulatory frameworks on the Pan-African scale was developed and tested in ten countries. 
PRIDA is a coordination platform between African, European and other EU supported associations of 
regulators worldwide to lay the foundation for sustainable regulatory cooperation. PRIDA continued 
training  and  online  courses  to  build  capacity  on  internet  governance  and  its  Digital  Platform  (for 
online training and consultations) was developed in 2020. PRIDA also started to support countries to 
set up their national/regional forums and schools.  

The  gender  digital  divide  obtained  greater  attention  and  consideration  in  2020.  The  Commission 
carried  out  a  study  Digital4Women:  how  to  enable  women  empowerment  in  Africa  through 
mainstreaming digital technologies and services in EU development programmes and disseminated 
the results. The digital dimension was also integrated in the third Gender Action Plan. Moreover, the 
increased  importance  of  science,  new  technologies  and  innovation  for  inclusive  and  sustainable 
socio-economic development in the ACP regions was recognised the launch of a new EUR 60 million 
programme to strengthen innovation ecosystems and capabilities. In 2020 an ACP Innovation Fund 
was  set-up  to  establish  multi-stakeholder  partnerships  bringing  together  academia,  governmental 
bodies,  the  private  sector  and  civil  society  organisations  to  foster  transfer  of  knowledge  and 
technology as well as frugal innovation and indigenous knowledge. The priorities of the fund are to 
promote  digital  literacy  and  new  technologies,  link  innovative  skills  with  labour  market  demand, 
establish  links  with  the  private  sector  and  integrate  indigenous  knowledge  into  the  formal 
knowledge economy. 

Throughout  the  year,  the  EU  was  working  on  the  revamping  of  its  strategy  for  international 
cooperation in research and innovation (later adopted in May 2021 as 'Global Approach to Research 
and  Innovation  –  Europe's  strategy  for  international  cooperation  in  a  changing  world').  The  new 
strategy is designed to support the delivery of the EU's key strategic objectives and to adapt to the 
current  geopolitical  context,  supporting  the  post-COVID-19  economic  recovery  and  promoting  and 
protecting  Europe’s  strategic  autonomy.  International  cooperation  elements  of  the  first  Horizon 
Europe Work Programme (published in June 2021) are already based on this Global Approach. 

Following  the  first  European  Union-African  Union  Research  &  Innovation  (R&I)  Ministerial,  which 
took place in early July 2020 and put forward the main pillars for future R&I activities, two initiatives 
in  the  domain  of  STI  were  launched  in  2020,  namely  the  ARISE  (African  Research  Initiative  for 
Scientific  Excellence)  Pilot  Programme  and  the  Young  African  Leaders  Programme.  ARISE  aims  to 
empower early career African scientists in delivering cutting-edge research, while the Young African 
Leaders  Programme  pilot  will  provide  training  and  exchanges  for  mid-career  African  civil  servants, 
journalists, entrepreneurs and NGO practitioners. The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) have 
continued  to  contribute  to  excellent  research,  boosting  jobs,  growth  and  investment  by  equipping 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

researchers from across the world with new  knowledge and skills and foster  research cooperation 
across  borders,  sectors  and  disciplines.  The  Commission  has  also  increased  the  visibility  of  the  EU 
Space  Programme  in  Latin  America  and  Caribbean  (LAC),  Asia  Pacific  and  Africa  regions.  Three 
studies have assessed the feasibility of setting up decentralised Copernicus data centres in different 
regions,  including  an  emergency  management  centre  in  Panama.  Discussions  at  the  EU-LAC 
ministerial  in  December  2020  confirmed  the  political  interest  in  this  project.  Similarly  in  the 
Philippines  a  Copernicus  mirror  site  for  improved  climate  change  mitigation  and  adaptation, 
assessments and reporting related to forestry (REDD+), Disaster Risk Reduction and Marine Spatial 
Planning could be established. Commission departments have also contributed to the BELLA project 
supporting improved connectivity and exchange of data between the EU and LAC. The strengthening 
of  national  cyber-resilience  capacities  and  criminal  justice  systems  of  African  States  has  also  been 
supported enabling a more efficient response to cyber threats. 

A specific topic in support of the EU-Africa Research and Innovation Partnership on Climate Change 
and Sustainable Energy was developed, contributing to the new comprehensive Africa strategy. 

The  EU  put  forward  a  proposal  for  an  ambitious  EU-China  Joint  Roadmap  for  Future  Science, 
Technology and Innovation Cooperation, focused on reaching a level playing field and reciprocity in 
cooperation  with  this  strategic  partner.  A  China  knowledge  network  was  established,  including 
experts from the Member States to exchange and enhance knowledge in the EU on China’s Research 
& Innovation system and inform the establishment of a coordinated EU position in its R&I relations 
with the country. 

The  EU  and  CELAC  senior  officials  met  in  October  2020  for  the  re-launched  bi-regional  dialogue  in 
the  framework  of  the  Joint  Initiative  on  Research  and  Innovation  (JIRI)  and  negotiated  a  common 
Strategic Roadmap for 2021 – 2023, which outlines the joint priorities for research and innovation 
cooperation, in particular in the areas of health research, green transition, digital transformation and 
innovation. This is the first such strategic document agreed with the LAC region for R&I cooperation. 

In the Enlargement and Neighbourhood countries, the Commission worked to increase the take-up 
of digital opportunities by strengthening institutional capacities in e-governance and data protection 
and supporting the development of digital skills and high-tech entrepreneurship.  

In  the  Western  Balkans,  the  digital  transformation  of  the  region  has  been  reinforced  through  the 
adoption  of  the  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  and  the  Common  Regional  Market.  The 
implementation of the Regional Roaming Agreement is on track, with the Roam like At Home regime 
scheduled  for  introduction  in  2021.  In  the  Eastern  Neighbourhood,  the  Commission  continued  to 
focus  on  the  harmonisation  of  roaming,  with  a  draft  Regional  Roaming  Agreement  proposed  for 
signature,  alongside  a  draft  Regional  Spectrum  agreement,  to  prepare  the  roll-out  of  5G 
technologies. Pilot projects in the areas of Telecom rules, Trust & Security, eTrade, ICT innovation, 
eHealth, and eSkills continued through the EU4Digital Facility. In the Southern Neighbourhood, the 
Commission  continued  to  work  on  the  harmonisation  of  rules  in  the  telecom  sector  (EMERG)  and 
providing  high  quality  access  to  the  EU  research  and  innovation  network  GEANT  through  the 
EUMedConnect programmes. 

Innovation  initiatives  continue  to  be  supported  at  several  levels.  The  main  priorities  focus  on 
strengthening  innovation  policy  planning,  for  example  through  support  to  Smart  Specialisation 
Strategies,  (in  Enlargement  and  ENP  countries,  and  LAC  countries  in  particular)  which  prioritize 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

investment  into  areas  where  impact  and  comparative  advantage  are  highest,  improving  research 
and  innovation  policies  and  governance  by  strengthening  institutional  structures  and  developing 
interaction  mechanisms  (between  ministries,  private  sector  and  academia)  in  each  country,  and 
support at enterprise level through access to finance for new ideas and start-up creation. 

In  the  ENP  region  (East  and  South),  a  study  to  conduct  a  diagnostic  analysis  and  comparative 
overview  of  the  state  of  Technology  Transfer  in  twelve  Eastern  and  Southern  Neighbourhood 
countries was carried out and reports presented in July 2021. The main objectives were to describe 
the  main  characteristics  of  the  landscape,  including  relevant  stakeholders,  players  and  technology 
transfer  models;  identify  strengths  and  weaknesses  of  each  ecosystems;  and  provide  conclusions 
and  recommendations  for  each  country  with  the  ultimate  goal  of  informing  policy-making  in  this 
domain.  

SDG #9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure  

Sustainable  investments  in  energy,  transport  and  digital  infrastructure,  together  with  skills 
development,  the  modernisation  of  the  regulatory  framework  and  an  enabling 
industrial 
environment  are  crucial  drivers  of  economic  growth  and  development.  In  2020,  the  Commission 
continued  to  foster  the  connectivity  agenda  as  a  mean  to  advance  EU  values  and  policy  priorities 
(Green Deal, Digitalisation and Sustainable Grow). Building from the 2018 Europe-Asia connectivity 
strategy148,  the  Commission  expanded  its  global  reach  increasing  the  focus  on  connectivity  with 
Africa.  

In October, the Economic and Investment Plan for the Western Balkans was adopted, accompanied 
by  the  Green  Agenda  for  the  Western  Balkans,  better  connecting  the  economies  of  the  Western 
Balkans, within the region and with the EU, and promoting the green transition. In the context of the 
Eastern  Partnership  policy  beyond  2020,  the  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform  (NIP),  with  EUR 
402  million  of  EU  contributions  in  2020,  mobilised  investments  including  in  renewable  energy, 
energy  efficiency,  irrigation,  water  and  wastewater  management,  transport,  financial  inclusion, 
support  to  MSMEs,  and  social  and  education  infrastructure.  In  the  Southern  Neighbourhood,  in 
2020, the EU provided support at policy as well as at legislative, institutional, technical and financial 
levels.  The  evaluation  of  the  2014-2020  Regional  Transport  Action  Plan  took  stock  of  the  good 
progress  in  the  field  of  regulatory  convergence.  EuroMed  Transport  projects,  mostly  implemented 
by the EU transport agencies, have played a key role here. In 2020, the Communication ‘Sustainable 
and  Smart  Mobility  Strategy’149  highlighted  the  role  of  the  EU  as  world’s  connectivity  hub  and  the 
importance  of  policy  coherence  when  projecting  EU  policies  in  partner  countries.  The  Commission 
also  continued  to  support  innovation  at  several  levels.  The  main  priorities  focus  on  strengthening 
innovation  policy  planning,  for  example,  through  support  to  Smart  Specialisation  Strategies  and 
prioritising  investment  into  areas  where  impact  and  comparative  advantage  are  highest.  This 
includes support at enterprise level through access to finance for new ideas and start-up creation. In 
2020,  13  countries  in  the  EU  Enlargement  and  Neighbourhood  Region  were  developing  and 
implementing  their  Smart  Specialisation  Strategies  to  stimulate  private  and  public  investment  in 
research and innovation, with a view to boosting growth and jobs. 

148 JOIN(2018) 31 final of 19 September 2018. 
149 Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy. 

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The EU budgetary guarantee covered portfolios of investments in targeted areas, such as energy and 
connectivity;  MSME  financing;  sustainable  agriculture,  rural  development;  sustainable  cities;  and 
digital for development. By the end of 2020, the Commission had signed guarantee agreements with 
partner financial institutions for EUR 1.55 billion. Budgetary guarantees for loans to banks and other 
financial  intermediaries  are  particularly  well  suited  to  de-risk  investment  in  partner  countries  and 
support  their  sustainable  development.  This  has  made  budgetary  guarantees  an  important  part  of 
the  EU’s  global  response  to  COVID-19.  For  example,  budgetary  guarantees  for  renewable  energy 
have focused on liquidity support to ensure the effective completion of investment projects despite 
the economic downturn resulting from the pandemic. 

Selected results 2018-2020150 

80  000  km  of  road  were  supported  by  the  EU  through  construction,  rehabilitation  and 
maintenance. 

•  Maintained  roads  accounted  for  the  majority  of  support  (62  000  km),  followed  by  new 

construction (13 000 km) and rehabilitated roads (5 000 km). 

• 

• 

In Ethiopia, the Road Sector Policy Support Programme (SPSP IV) supported the establishment of 
an  efficient  road  network  at  federal,  regional  and  rural  level.  This  Budget  Support  programme 
contributed to the maintenance of 28 000 km of road in the country. 

In  the  West  Bank,  the  project  Area  C  Development  Programme  in  the  West  Bank  -  Package  II 
supported communities with basic social and public infrastructure such as roads, schools, public 
parks, and public buildings. Among others, 10 km of road were constructed to improve access to 
basic infrastructure. 

3.5.  Migration and assistance to refugees and displaced persons 

Migration  and  forced  displacement  were  increasingly  integrated  in  the  EU's  engagement  and 
dialogue with partner countries, in line with the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, adopted by the 
Commission in September 2020. Tailor-made migration partnerships were initiated or strengthened 
with a number of countries in Africa and Asia. They include policy dialogue and targeted EU support 
actions for the implementation of jointly agreed priorities at country, regional and global level.  

The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa) provided coordinated responses by the EU, 
its Member States and other donors to multiple crises across the Sahel and Lake Chad, Horn of Africa 
and Northern Africa regions. It addressed urgent needs to ensure long-term stability and sustainable 
development for migrants and migration affected communities, supporting partner countries’ eﬀorts 
to  provide  alternatives  to  irregular  migration,  improving  access  to  basic  services  and  boosting 
employment opportunities, in particular for young people. The EUTF for Africa also worked in cross-
border areas to stem conﬂict and bolster economic development, pioneering the Global Compact on 
Refugees and reinforcing the humanitarian-development-peace nexus.  

150  2018-2020  stands  for  the  reporting  year.  The  EU-funded  interventions  that  contribute  to  this  figure  are 
ongoing  or  closed  projects  managed  by  INTPA  and  NEAR  (ENI)  that  started  between  January  2014  and  July 
2019. The values reported for EU RF indicators are cumulative, including all results reported for these projects 
since start of implementation. 

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In  2020,  the  EU-IOM  Joint  Initiative  for  Migrant  Protection  and  Reintegration  supported  the 
voluntary return of 17 500 migrants mostly from Libya and Niger as well as from Mali and Djibouti. In 
the  countries  of  origin,  the  Joint  Initiative  provided  assistance  to  over  19  500  returnees.  10  500 
migrants in transit benefitted from immediate assistance in North Africa and over 35 000 migrants 
were  assisted  with  Voluntary  Humanitarian  Return  (VHR)/  Assisted  Voluntary  Return  and 
Reintegration (AVRR). Some EUR 16 million was re-programmed to support COVID 19 responses, the 
opening of humanitarian corridors to support voluntary returns, as well as awareness raising and the 
provision  of  personal  protective  equipment,  hygiene  material  and  training  at  borders  and  in 
migrants and refugee centres.  

In  the  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement  regions,  the  EU  Regional  Trust  Fund  in  Response  to  the 
Syrian crisis (EUTF Syria) provided a coherent and integrated EU aid response to an unprecedented 
refugee crisis via large projects covering education, livelihoods and social assistance, health, water 
and sanitation, as well as protection, mostly in Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan and Iraq.  

During 2020, new programmes worth EUR 561 million were approved under the EUTF for Africa for 
the  Sahel,  Lake  Chad,  Horn  of  Africa  and  Northern  Africa,  to  contribute  to  safe,  secure,  legal  and 
orderly migration from, to and within the regions, as well as to support an effective management of 
migration  flows  that  protects  human  rights.  Both  the  EUTF  Africa  and  the  EUTF  Syria  have  been 
extended for an additional year in response to COVID-19 and to the Beirut port blast. The entire EUR 
6  billion  of  the  Facility  for  Refugees  in  Turkey  (FRIT)  was  contracted  in  2020.  The  Commission 
provided  an  additional  EUR  585  million  in  humanitarian  funding  to  continue  some  key  projects,  in 
particular the Emergency Social Safety Net programme. 

As an immediate follow-up to the first Global Refugee Forum in December 2019, new initiatives to 
address  protracted  displacement  and  support  refugees  as  well  as  host  countries  were  launched, 
including  through  an  innovative  support  programme,  mixing  grants  and  loans.  They  addressed  the 
Venezuela  refugee  crisis,  forced  displacement  from  and  within  the  Silk  Routes,  and  a  focus  on 
Afghanistan and neighbouring countries, with the EU taking a lead role in the support to the regional 
Afghan  refugee  support  platform.  As  for  the  Rohingya  situation,  the  assistance  provided  followed 
the nexus approach in Bangladesh and increasingly across the broader region. 

With  over  82.4  million  people  forcibly  displaced  worldwide,  the  EU  continued  to  provide 
humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable displaced populations around the globe, in line with 
commitments  to  the  Global  Compact  on  Refugees.  Such  assistance  was  delivered  in  most  refugee 
hosting countries, including Turkey, Lebanon, Iran, Bangladesh, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Uganda, as well 
as in countries affected by internal displacement, such as Syria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 
South Sudan, and Colombia. Life-saving assistance and protection was also delivered to vulnerable 
migrants along major migratory routes in Yemen, Libya, and Central America. 

In 2020 the COVID pandemic further increased the vulnerability of many migrants and refugees, with 
restricted  possibilities  for  movement,  including  regarding  the  right  to  seek  asylum  across  borders, 
loss  of  their  livelihoods  and  restricted  access  to  health  and  other  services.  The  Commission 
advocated  for  inclusion  of  migrants  and  refugees  in  partner  countries'  COVID  response  plans,  and 
redirected  EU  funded  programmes  to  address  the  specific  vulnerabilities  faced  by  people  on  the 
move. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Selected results 2018-2020151 

14  416  000  migrants,  forcibly  displaced  people  or  individuals  from  host  communities  were 
protected or  assisted with EU support  – including 544 000 supported through EU Trust Fund for 
Africa projects. 

65 migration management or forced displacement strategies or policies were developed or revised 
with EU support. 

29  migration  management  or 
forced  displacement  strategies  or  policies  were  under 
implementation  with  EU  support-  including  three  supported  through  EU  Trust  Fund  for  Africa 
projects. 

•  Examples  of  protection  measures  or  assistance  for  migrants,  forcibly  displaced  people,  or 
individuals from host communities include support in the areas of medical services and psycho-
social assistance, access to basic services, skills development, and legal assistance. 

•  Projects  providing  protection  or  assistance  reached  people  in  37  countries,  including  500  000 
persons in the North of Africa, 3.5 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 8.7 million in Middle East Asia 
and 1.4 million in South & Central Asia. 

EU RF indicator disaggregated by sex 

EU Results Framework indicator 

Total 

women/girls  men/boys 

Not 
identified 

2.17  Number  of  migrants,  forcibly  displaced 
people or individuals from host communities 
protected or assisted with EU support 

14 416 000 

4 253 000 

4 861 000  5 302 000 

3.6.  Governance, Peace and Security  
EU interventions in this area focused on building strong democratic institutions and promoting the 
rule of law; preventing and countering terrorism, violence and crime; and peacebuilding and conflict 
prevention.  

In the area of rule of law and ensuring equal access to justice, the IcSP EU Transitional Justice Facility 
supported  accountability  and  justice  through  flexible,  short-term  actions  and  provision  of  expert 
advice  in  Yemen,  Burkina  Faso,  Mali  and  Liberia.  Other  actions  supported  the  transitional  justice 
institutions  set  up  under  the  Colombia  peace  agreement,  the  investigation  and  prosecution 
mechanism  for  crimes  in  Syria152,  implementation  of  justice  sector  reforms  in  Lesotho  and  the 
Special Tribunal for Lebanon.  

EU CSDP missions in Palestine, Libya, and in the Mediterranean (EUNAVFOR MED Sophia and IRINI 
30) contributed to conflict de-escalation. 

151  2018-2020  stands  for  the  reporting  year.  The  EU-funded  interventions  that  contribute  to  this  figure  are 
ongoing  or  closed  projects  managed  by  INTPA  and  NEAR  (ENI)  that  started  between  January  2014  and  July 
2019. The values reported for EU RF indicators are cumulative, including all results reported for these projects 
since start of implementation. 
152  International,  Impartial  and  Independent  Mechanism  to  Assist  in  the  Investigation  and  Prosecution  of 
Persons  Responsible  for  the  Most  Serious  Crimes  under  International  Law  Committed  in  the  Syrian  Arab 
Republic since March 2011. 

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Two  projects  (EUROMED  Police  V  and  CT-INFLOW)  associating  enlargement  and  neighbourhood 
partners  with  the  work  of  relevant  EU  Justice  and  Home  Affairs  (JHA)  agencies  were  launched  in 
April 2020.  

The Global Action on Cybercrime (GLACY+) was extended to strengthen countries’ capacities to apply 
legislation  on  cybercrime  and  electronic  evidence,  in  compliance  with  international  human  rights 
standards and the rule of law. 

Several  EU  programmes  supported  the  development  of  criminal  justice  systems  in  the  EU’s 
neighbourhood  and  helped  ensure  their  preparedness  for  potential  terrorist  attacks,  and  to 
operationalise  strategic  dialogues  on  counterterrorism153.  A  regional  network  of  national 
coordinators  for  preventing  violent  extremism  is  fully  operational,  and  a  new  Action  Plan  on 
Firearms trafficking between the EU and Southeast Europe was adopted on 24 July 2020. 

In  line  with  Council  Conclusions  on  Counter  Terrorism  adopted  on  16  June  2020,  prevention  and 
countering of violent extremism remained a key component of the EU’s counterterrorism policy. The 
EU  consolidated  its  engagement  in  several  international  fora154  and  with  a  new  grant  the 
Commission became one of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund’s (GCERF) most 
significant donors, allowing for engagement with grass-root communities worldwide.  

The  IcSP  also  continued  to  support  reconciliation  and  peace  processes  in  several  countries  (Syria, 
Yemen, Libya, Central Africa Republic, the Sahel and Mozambique). Throughout 2020, specific focus 
was given to risk reduction for vulnerable communities, including refugee and migrant communities 
in Latin America, the Western Balkans and South Asia. The IcSP responded to the increased risk of 
xenophobic reactions, including violence, arising from the COVID-19 pandemic; this included support 
to the UN Secretary-General’s call for a global ceasefire to focus on combatting the virus. 

In 2020, the Humanitarian Development Peace nexus was implemented in six pilot countries (Chad, 
Iraq,  Myanmar,  Nigeria,  Sudan  and  Uganda).  Other  EU  delegations  also  started  introducing  or 
deepened a nexus approach in their work and the EU Conflict Early Warning System analysed three 
priority countries. A systematic exercise on conflict analysis of fragile and crisis- or conflict- affected 
countries was launched jointly with the EEAS to allow for a better integration of conflict-sensitivity 
into programming. Commission departments and the EEAS jointly elaborated a practical guidance on 
steps to operationalise the nexus, which was shared with all Delegations. 

SDG #16 Peace, justice and strong institutions  

The COVID crisis has proven to be a real-life stress test for the resilience of national systems in times 
of crisis. States have taken exceptional measures to protect public health, and most have declared 
some  form  of  public  emergency,  or  granted  special  emergency  powers,  under  constitutional 
provisions  or  public  health  protection  laws.  But  changing  or  suspending  customary  checks  and 

153  One  aims  to  enhance  operational  practices  in  the  field  of  justice  and  law  enforcement  and  strengthen 
strategic cooperation to fight transnational crime, while the other supports partners in Africa and the Middle 
East to improve information exchanges, cross-border investigations and prosecutions, in particular of foreign 
terrorist fighters and individuals suspected of carrying our terrorist offences.  
154EU  consolidated  its  engagement  notably  in  the  Global  Counter-Terrorism  Forum  (GCTF),  the  Hedayah 
Centre, l’Institut International pour la Justice et l’état de Droit (IIJ) and the Global Community Engagement and 
Resilience Fund (GCERF).  

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

balances can pose challenges for the rule of law. Under the European Instrument for Democracy and 
Human  Rights,  the  EU  supported  the  setup  of  the  Global  Monitor  of  COVID-19’s  Impact  on 
Democracy and Human Rights a one-stop online global platform (or tracker of trackers) to monitor 
the implications of the pandemic for democracies and fundamental rights around the world. Other 
projects  were  launched  to  address  accountability  and  anti-corruption  deficits  in  16  countries 
(SANCUS project).  

Anti-pandemic restrictions in many aspects amplified the pressure on civil society bodies, including 
their  financial  sustainability  and  organisational  survival.  Civil  society  organisations  emerged  as  key 
players in the response to the COVID crisis, demonstrating a unique capacity to assist and strengthen 
communities’  resilience,  support  marginalised  vulnerable  groups,  counter  disinformation  and 
monitor  and  react  to  changes  in  the  enabling  environment.  At  local  level,  the  capacity  of  local 
governments  to  respond  to  the  challenges  of  COVID-19  was  strengthened  through  decentralised 
cooperation  initiatives  and  partnerships  with  local  authority  alliances,  associations  and  city 
networks.  The  thematic  programme  Local  Authorities  and  Civil  society  adapted  its  programmes  in 
2020 to ensure that its support to global and regional civil society networks remained adequate in 
the COVID-19 context. The Policy Forum on Development, the EU’s main platform for dialogue with 
civil society and local authorities on development matters, worked on the impact of the COVID-19 
crisis on the SDGs, on enhancing CSOs’ enabling environment, and engaged in virtual consultations 
on the programming of future EU cooperation. 

Selected results 2018-2020155 

39  countries  were  supported  by  the  EU  to  conduct  elections  and/or  improve  their  electoral 
processes. 

730 government policies were developed or revised with CSO participation through EU support. 

106 000 victims of human rights violations directly benefited from assistance funded by the EU. 

4 343 000 people directly benefited from legal aid interventions supported by the EU. 

660  000  individuals  directly  benefited  from  EU-supported  interventions  that  specifically  aim  to 
support civilian post-conflict peacebuilding and/or conflict prevention. 

6  100  state  institutions  and  non-state  actors  were  supported  on  security,  border  management, 
countering  violent  extremism,  conflict  prevention,  protection  of  civilian  population  and  human 
rights – including 20 supported through EU Trust Fund for Africa projects. 

Source: EU Results Framework indicators156 

155  2018-2020  stands  for  the  reporting  year.  The  EU-funded  interventions  that  contribute  to  this  figure  are 
ongoing  or  closed  projects  managed  by  INTPA  and  NEAR  (ENI)  that  started  between  January  2014  and  July 
2019. The values reported for EU RF indicators are cumulative, including all results reported for these projects 
since start of implementation. 
156 Collecting results from EU-funded interventions managed by NEAR (ENI) and INTPA. Further information on 
scope and methodology in chapter 6. 

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•  More than 100 000 victims of human rights violation directly benefited from assistance funded 
by  the  EU.  Examples  of  support  provided  include  medical  and  psychosocial  support,  legal 
support,  material  support,  temporary  relocation,  protection  against  intimidation  and  risk  of 
retaliation. 

• 

In  Tanzania,  2.8  million  people  –  more  than  half  of  them  women  -  benefited  from  legal  aid 
education  with  EU  support  which  was  conducted  by  paralegals  through  village  assemblies, 
religious places, markets, or door to door. 

•  The  number  of  government  policies  developed  or  revised  with  CSO  participation  increased  by 
114  %  since  last  year  (from  340  to  730).  In  Georgia,  25  policies  were  developed  with  CSO 
participation.  In  the  context  of  the  project  Improving  the  Agriculture  Sector  in  Georgia,  CSOs 
were  part  of  public  consultations  on  the  policy  work  developed  by  the  project,  including  a 
strategy for agriculture and rural development, an agricultural extension strategy and a law on 
aquaculture. 

EU RF indicators disaggregated by sex 

EU Results Framework indicator 

Total 

women/girls  men/boys 

Not 
identified 

2.26  Number  of  victims  of  human  rights 
violations  directly  benefiting  from  assistance 
funded by the EU 
2.27 Number of people directly benefiting from 
legal aid interventions supported by the EU 
2.28  Number  of  individuals  directly  benefiting 
from 
that 
specifically  aim  to  support  civilian  post-conflict 
peacebuilding and/or conflict prevention 

EU-supported 

interventions 

106 000 

12 000 

15 000 

79 000 

4 343 000 

1 633 000 

1 374 000  1 336 000 

660 000 

92 000 

81 000 

487 000 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

4. 

Geographic Overview  

Sub-Saharan Africa  

4.1. 
4.1.1.  Introduction (Policy developments)  

The COVID-19 pandemic had a direct impact on our work programme with the African Union (AU) in 
2020, the Ministerial meeting and the Summit being both postponed, but this did not prevent the EU 
from delivering on our partnership with the continent. In February 2020, the 10th AU Commission - 
European Commission meeting was held at the AU Headquarters in Addis Ababa. The President of 
the  European  Commission  led  a  delegation  of  22  Commissioners,  which  was  a  testament  to  the 
priority  that  relations  with  Africa  represent  for  the  EU.  Discussions  focused  on  four  main  areas: 
sustainable growth, trade, investment and digitalisation; climate change and resilient infrastructure; 
peace, security and governance; and migration and mobility. The High Representative of the Union 
for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HRVP) chaired sessions dedicated to peace and security and 
to migration and mobility. In all priority areas, the two sides reiterated their commitment to support 
multilateralism as an effective modality in addressing global challenges. The Joint Communication of 
the Commission and the High Representative Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa157 was 
adopted  on  9  March  2020.  It  proposed  a  comprehensive  framework  for  future  partnerships  and 
focused  on  five  key  areas:  green  transition;  digital  transformation;  sustainable  growth  and  jobs; 
peace  and  governance;  and  migration  and  mobility.  In  June  and  October,  Council  Conclusions 
reaffirmed that the EU looks forward to stepping up an open and inclusive exchange with citizens, 
civil society, diaspora, young people, the private sector, and top-level thinkers and decision-makers 
from  both  continents.  The  Conclusions  called  for  a  closer  partnership  with  Africa  notably  on 
multilateralism, peace, security and stability, sustainable and inclusive development and sustainable 
economic growth. The proposed partnerships set out in the Joint Communication remain valid for a 
sustainable, just, green and digital post-COVID recovery. 

2020 also saw a political deal by the chief negotiators of the EU and the 79 African, Caribbean, and 
Pacific  (ACP)  states  on  the  Post-Cotonou  agreement.  The  future  post-Cotonou  Agreement  is 
intended  to  substantially  upgrade  and  modernise  our  relations  with  the  ACP  countries.  It  is  based 
strongly on mutual respect and dialogue and provides us with the main priorities on which to focus 
our  cooperation  at  all  levels,  namely  human  rights,  democracy  and  good  governance,  peace  and 
security, inclusive and sustainable development, human development, environmental sustainability 
and climate change, and migration and mobility. 

Horn of Africa and East Africa 

The  war  in  Tigray  (Ethiopia)  that  started  in  November  deeply  shook  the  regional  order,  with  the 
direct involvement of Eritrean troops and ramifications for the conflict affecting Sudan. This conflict 
is  characterised  by  serious  violations  of  human  rights  and  international  refugee  law,  as  well  as 
systematic  and  widespread  violations  of  International  Humanitarian  Law  by  armed  forces,  which 
could amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity. It has resulted in a dire humanitarian crisis, 
profoundly  affecting  civilian  populations.  The  spill  over  effect  of  the  conflict  in  the  region  is 
compounded by pending disagreement on border demarcation between Ethiopia and Sudan as well 
as  inconclusive  negotiations  on  the  Grand  Ethiopian  Renaissance  Dam  (GERD).  Sudan’s  transition 

157 JOIN(2020) 4 final of 9 March 2020. 

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remains an important inspiration for all democratic forces in the region and was further consolidated 
by  the  successful  implementation  of  political  and  economic  reforms  as  well  as  the  Juba  Peace 
Agreement. The continued engagement with International Finance Institutions, as part of a broader 
international coalition, is crucial in view of an eventual debt relief agreement under the international 
HIPC  initiative  for  Highly  Indebted  Poor  Countries  and  a  sustainable  economic  recovery.  However, 
after the departure of the United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) tensions have 
persisted. In Somalia, the future remains uncertain, amid tensions between the Federal Government 
and the Federal Member States and the persistence of Al-Shabab in some areas. The international 
community,  including  the  African  Union,  has  not  been  able  yet  to  shape  the  new  security 
architecture  that  would  replace  the  African  Union  Mission  to  Somalia  (AMISOM).  In  Tanzania  and 
Uganda,  controversial  electoral  processes  led  to  the  re-election  of  incumbent  Presidents,  with  an 
overall shrinking of the political space.  

Southern Africa 

The impact of COVID-19 brought serious human and socio-economic impacts, with both political and 
Rule  of  Law  implications  as  state  capacity  was  severely  restricted  in  many  countries  due  to 
lockdown.  Governments  faced  tough  choices  in  navigating  between  distancing  rules  on  one  hand 
and maintaining the rights to take part in public politics on the other. The worst security threat in 
the  region  came  in  northern  Mozambique,  where  the  insurgency  in  Cabo  Delgado  Province 
continued and its humanitarian and security impact significantly worsened, with over half a million 
internally  displaced  persons  by  the  end  of  2020.  Climate  change  continues  to  have  a  significant 
impact  on  the  Southern  Africa  region,  bringing  further  water  shortages  and  related  hydroelectric 
power supply load shedding, though the situation was slightly less severe than in 2019. In addition to 
the  ongoing  crisis  in  northern  Mozambique,  trafficking,  illicit  flows  linked  to  wildlife  and  minerals, 
and the international drugs trade continued to exert a negative influence on the region. The most 
positive developments were rerun elections in Malawi, representing an important achievement for 
the rule of law, and successful elections leading to a change of leadership in the Seychelles. After a 
change  in  government  in  Lesotho,  the  European  Union  continues  to  encourage  implementation  of 
the outcome of the national dialogue process. The European Union reiterated its openness to review 
its policies towards Zimbabwe in the event of demonstrable progress in human rights and the rule of 
law, but expressed regret that such progress was not evident. 

Sahel and West Africa 

The EU-G5 Sahel Summit on 28 April 2020 further deepened the relations between the G5 Sahel and 
the  EU,  supporting  the  Coalition  for  the  Sahel  and  the  Partenariat  pour  la  Sécurité  et  la  Stabilité 
(P3S). As tactical gains have been secured, weakening the leadership of major terrorist groupings in 
the  three  borders  area  (Mali,  Niger  and  Burkina  Faso),  an  acceleration  of  the  deployment  of  state 
presence  and  basic  services  in  the  fragile  zones  has  been  identified  as  a  priority  with  the  EU 
coordinating  through  the  P3S  Secretariat  established  in  November  2020.  A  series  of  major 
presidential  elections  took  place  in  West  Africa  throughout  2020,  in  Guinea,  Ivory  Coast,  Burkina 
Faso, Ghana, and Niger, confirming the robustness of democracy in Ghana, Burkina Faso and Niger in 
particular, but also underlining structural fragilities in other countries. 

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Central Africa 

In the Central African Republic, the electoral process for the presidential and legislative elections in 
December 2020 was marked by political tensions and was severely disrupted by some major armed 
groups and political actors, triggering a deep political and security crisis, worsening the humanitarian 
situation  and  affecting  the  timid  improvements  that  took  place  following  the  signature  of  the 
Political Peace and Reconciliation Agreement the year before. In Cameroon, little progress was made 
by  the  authorities  in  finding  a  political  solution  to  the  crisis  in  the  North-West  and  South-West 
regions,  where  the  situation  further  worsened,  with  continued  serious  human  rights  violations 
reported  and  important  humanitarian  and  economic  consequences.  Chad  continued  to  be 
confronted  with  multiple  security  threats  from  neighbouring  countries  (in  particular  from  Boko 
Haram  in  the  Lake  Chad  region),  with  the  perspective  of  elections  being  postponed  again. In  the 
Democratic Republic of Congo, the strategy of President Tshisekedi to free himself from the ruling 
political coalition with former President Kabila led to increased political tensions, further hampering 
the  implementation  of  long-awaited  reforms;  in  parallel,  in  Eastern  Democratic  Republic  of  Congo 
(DRC),  human  rights  violations  were  on  the  rise  following  a  sharp  deterioration  of  the  security 
situation. In  Burundi  however, the first peaceful political transition took place with the  election of 
Evariste  Ndayishimiye,  opening  a  window  of  hope  for  the  population,  and  new  opportunities  for 
increased regional cooperation and stability in the Great Lakes region, as well as for improving EU-
Burundi relations still operating under the regime of Art.96 of the Cotonou Agreement. 

4.1.2.  Working towards the SDGs  

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen our partnership with Africa, 
truly balancing economic, social and environmental progress as envisioned by the 2030 Agenda and 
its SDGs. The framework of the SDGs has been key to identify priorities for a sustainable social and 
economic  post  COVID-19  recovery  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  and  to  lead  the  way  towards  a  more 
inclusive, just and resilient future for all, leaving no one behind. 

In December 2020, a political deal on a new Partnership Agreement was achieved between the EU 
and  79  countries  in  Africa,  the  Caribbean  and  the  Pacific,  representing  another  important  step  to 
upgrade international partnerships for sustainable global change (SDG 17).  

On  a  regional  level,  2020  has  witnessed  the  launch  of  the  AU-EU  D4D  Hub,  which  aims  to  be  a 
powerful mechanism to facilitate the Team Europe approach to advance the implementation of the 
digital  agenda  in  Africa,  contributing  to  SDG  9.  Concerning  Science,  Technology  and  Innovation, 
several  actions  continue  to  effectively  support  the  Africa-EU  partnership  in  the  field  of  earth 
observation  and  satellite  navigation.  The  African  Research  Initiative  for  Scientific  Excellence  was 
launched at the end of the year to support the very best African researchers, enabling young African 
talent  to  contribute  to  the  development  of  the  continent  (SDG  8,  9)  and  the  target  of  35  000 
mobilities of African students and staff to Europe under the Erasmus+ programme by 2020 was met 
(SDG 4, 8). The African Peace Facility (APF) has continued to ensure EU support for peace and peace-
building processes in several African countries (SDG 16, 17).  

The  EU,  together  with  other  partners,  had  provided  significant  technical  support  to  the  Economic 
Community of Central Africa (ECCA) to enable it to open opportunities to relaunch the political and 
policy  dialogue,  particularly  on  issues  around  peace  in  the  region,  including  maritime  security  and 
environment, management of natural resources and protection of biodiversity (SDG 14, 15, 16, 17). 

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In the very fragile context of West Africa, marked by food crises and deteriorated security situations 
in the Sahel and Lake Chad sub-regions, the COVID-19 response included reorientation of resources 
in support to the health systems (SDG 3) and measures to mitigate the economic and social impact 
of the pandemic (SGD 1, 2, 8, 10). In most cases partnership with other donors, including the IMF, 
was  strengthened  (SDG  17).  In  the  Sahel,  initiatives  were  launched  to  increase  resilience  and 
security, targeting most vulnerable areas and contributing to improved peace and stability (SDG 16). 
Being a region limited by poor economic diversification and productivity, the EU has been proactive 
towards modernising and extending infrastructures (SDG 1, 8, 9) and supporting the generation and 
distribution of clean and reliable energy (SDG 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13). In addition, the EU’s efforts were 
directed towards fighting poverty by supporting inclusive growth and regional economic integration 
and  trade  (SDGs  1,  8  and  9);  and  supporting  improved  governance  of  natural  resources  and 
protected  areas  with  a  view  to  contribute  to  a  green  economy,  including  the  fight  against  climate 
change (SDGs 13, 15). 

The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected the economies of the countries and livelihoods of people 
in East and Central Africa. Moreover, in 2020 the region experienced a further deterioration of the 
humanitarian situation. Efforts were made to strengthen the health sector (SDG 3), to support the 
electoral  process  and  democratic  transition  (SDG  16).  Health,  water,  and  sanitation  (SDG  6) 
programmes  were  revised  and  expanded  to  respond  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  New  EU  actions 
focused on support to national statistics, tourism and investment promotion (SDG 8, 9). The region 
saw a relaunch of the political and policy dialogue, particularly on issues around peace in the region 
(SDG  16),  including  maritime  security,  green  electricity  production  and  environment  (SDG  13,  14), 
management of natural resources and protection of biodiversity (SDG 15). 

In Southern  Africa and the Indian Ocean, further support was provided in 2020 in response to the 
COVID-19  pandemic  (SDG  1,  2,  3,  8,  10),  and  to  the  implementation  of  the  Economic  Partnership 
Agreements (EPAs) in the region, as well as to the promotion of entrepreneurship (SDG 1, 8). 

4.1.3.  Implementation  

2020  was  a  year  with  many  challenges,  and  many  lessons  learnt,  as  COVID-19  affected  all.  African 
countries  faced  several  shocks  in  addition  to  the  health  emergency  linked  to  the  COVID  19 
pandemic:  a  steep  drop  in  global  demand  for  goods,  plunging  commodity  prices,  capital  flight  and 
lower  remittances  flows.  These  shocks  added  pressure  to  the  pre-existing  context,  in  some  places 
marked by food crises, weak health systems and deteriorated security situation in the most fragile 
regions.  

The  EU  and  its  Member  States,  their  financial  institutions  and  agencies,  as  well  as  the  European 
Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, acting together in a 
Team Europe approach, took comprehensive action to tackle the destructive impact of COVID-19 to 
enable a sustainable recovery. This entailed a massive reorientation of existing resources to support 
sanitary measures, health systems and to the mitigation of socio-economic impacts of the crisis. 

The EU and its Member States mobilised more than EUR 8 billion to Africa’s COVID response, out of 
which more than EUR 6.2 billion went to Sub-Saharan Africa (see Table 1 in Chapter 1). The EU also 
played a leading role in setting up the COVAX Facility and is one of the lead contributors providing 
more  than  EUR  3  billion  of  funding.  This  should  help  ensure  fair,  safe  and  equitable  access  to 
vaccines for vulnerable populations in Africa and elsewhere. The Team Europe approach has enabled 

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coordinated  actions,  sharing  of  information  and  effective  communication  efforts  at  regional  and 
country level, within the EU, in partner countries and in global and multilateral fora.  

In  West  Africa,  a  notable  action  under  the  COVID-19  response  was  the  reorientation  of  budget 
support in Senegal for a total of EUR 124 million in a Team Europe approach with Germany. Another 
example  is  the  EU  contribution  towards  protective  and  intensive  care  equipment  for  facilities  and 
health workers that was delivered to the West African Health Organisation (WAHO) for distribution 
to the Member States of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). 

In Eastern and Central Africa, the EU and its Member States provided funds to those in need through 
the  Productive  Safety  Net  programme  implemented  in  Ethiopia.  In  Central  African  Republic  (CAR), 
health,  water,  and  sanitation  programmes  were  reoriented  and  expanded.  In  Cameroon,  Central 
African  Republic,  Kenya,  Rwanda,  Sao  Tomé  e  Principe,  and  Uganda  the  approval  of  payment  of 
budget support fixed tranches was brought forward to meaningfully enable countries to respond to 
and mitigate the impact of the crisis. 

Building  on  the  success  of  the  Team  Europe  response  to  the  pandemic,  the  EU  and  its  Member 
States  started  to  develop  initial  concepts  of  Team  Europe  Initiatives  in  the  framework  of  the 
programming  of  the  2021-2027  Multiannual  Financial  Framework.  These  will  respond  to  the 
challenges  around  the  Green  Transition,  Science  Technology  and  Innovation,  Digital,  Growth  and 
Jobs and Governance, peace and security, and human development, in line with the key priorities set 
in the European Commission and EEAS Joint Communication towards a comprehensive strategy with 
Africa of March 2020. 

of 

partner 

regional 

countries, 

The EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF) is  another example of close partner coordination; its strategic 
board  consists  of  donor  representatives  (EU  Member  States  and  other  donors)  as  well  as 
representatives 
European 
Parliament representatives  as  observers.  In  full  dialogue  with  partner  countries  and  implementing 
partners, in 2020 the EUTF for Africa specifically made use of its fast and effective decision-making 
process and flexible procedures to respond promptly to the COVID-19 pandemic. The redirection of 
funds  and  the  adaptation  of  programmes  helped  to  increase  job  stabilisation  efforts,  strengthen 
resilience and support migration management including voluntary return, sustainable reintegration 
and life-saving assistance to vulnerable refugees. In 2020, 27 new actions were approved for a total 
of  EUR  438.05  million  under  the  Sahel  and  Lake  Chad  and  the  Horn  of  Africa  Window,  and  the 
European Commission decided to extend the EUTF until the end of 2021. 

organisations 

and 

Increasingly, the EU has used ODA funding to leverage other sources of public and private finance, 
mainly  through  guarantees  in  support  of  private  sector  investment.  In  2020,  work  with  partners 
focused  on  creating  conditions  to  generate  sustainable  growth  and  jobs,  in  the  framework  of  the 
External Investment Plan. Lessons learnt linked to the more difficult roll out of these instruments in 
very fragile contexts will shape the new generation of guarantees under the EFSD+.  

The approach included support in undertaking the necessary economic and regulatory reforms and 
in  tackling  the  constraints,  e.g.,  in  terms  of  business  environment,  governance,  infrastructure, 
customs and logistics. Countries were also supported in their efforts in implementing the Economic 
Partnership  Agreements  (EPAs).  While  the  latter  can  create  opportunities  and  incentives,  they  can 
only influence the economic and social conditions in a country positively if their implementation is 
supported  by  a  broader  dynamic  in  line  with  the  national  development  strategies,  with  a  view  to 

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foster  economic  diversification  and  local  value  added,  attract  investment,  and  foster  trade  and 
regional integration. 

The  European  Union  and  its  Member  States  are  long-standing  supporters  of  economic  integration 
for  all  in  Africa  and  are  collectively  committed  to  support  the  implementation  of  the  African 
Continental  Free  Trade  Agreement  (AfCFTA)  as  well  as  the  ultimate  long-term  prospect  of 
establishing an African single market. The EU is currently supporting the AfCFTA with EUR 74 million 
for the period 2014-2020. In 2020, the EU support to the AfCFTA amounted to EUR 32 million, with 
four strands of action in the areas of Rules of Origin, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS), the 
African  Trade  Observatory,  and  the  setup  of  an  EU  technical  assistance  facility  in  a  Team  Europe 
approach to support AfCFTA negotiation and implementation. The African Trade Observatory (ATO) 
is implemented by the International Trade Centre and will provide reliable real-time data to African 
traders. The ATO is one of the AU flagship initiatives embedded in Agenda 2063158 and it is one of 
the examples of EU-AU successful partnership and cooperation. In addition, more than 30 National 
and Regional Strategies for AfCFTA implementation have been developed with EU financial support 
and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) technical support, in order to help AU 
Member  States  to  tackle  priority  reforms  to  take  advantage  of  the  AfCFTA  regime.  As  part  of  the 
support  to  the  negotiations  of  the  AfCFTA  Protocol  on  Intellectual  Property  Rights,  the  AFRIPI 
programme,  aiming  to  facilitate  intra-African  trade  and  African  and  European  investment  and  the 
establishment of sustainable IP systems in Africa also kicked off in February 2020. 

West Africa 

In  2020,  the  EU  continued  supporting  the  Multi-National  Joint  Task  Force  against  Boko  Haram 
(MNJTF)  in  the  Lake  Chad  Basin,  though  the  EU  African  Peace  Facility,  with  a  total  contribution  of 
EUR  44.7  million,  providing  services  and  equipment  to  strengthen  MNJTF  capacities  to  coordinate 
and  conduct  joint  operations,  in  line  with  its  mandate  for  stabilisation  and  protection  of  civilians. 
Lessons  learned  are  shaping  the  second  phase  of  support  to  the  MNJTF,  with  improved  processes 
regarding  the  provision  of  interoperable  equipment  and  enabling  African  ownership  of  advanced 
security technologies.  

In 2020, six joint programming documents were in place in West Africa, specifically in Ghana, Mali, 
Togo,  Burkina  Faso,  Ivory  Coast  and  Senegal.  Significantly,  the  EU  has  replaced  its  own  bilateral 
programming  (2018-2020)  with  the  joint  programming  document  in  Senegal.  In  addition,  Benin, 
Niger  and  Chad  had  a  joint  analysis.  Together  with  the  EU  and  its  Member  States,  associated 
countries  like  Switzerland  as  well  as  the  EIB  are  part  of  several  joint  programming  processes,  for 
example, in Mali, Ghana, Senegal and Ivory Coast. 

Eastern and Central Africa 

The Central African Republic (CAR) continued to struggle to overcome the effects of years of violent 
internal  conflict  and  is  facing  a  severe  humanitarian  crisis.  In  2020,  the  EU  mobilised  over  EUR  20 
million in support to the  electoral process in the Eastern and Central Africa region. First rounds of 
presidential and legislative elections took place in December 2020 in a highly insecure context.  

Despite Somalia’s complex operating context, progress was recorded in the areas where EU provided 
support, ensuring a true integrated approach that makes full use of all EU instruments. The EU’s first 

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budget  support  programme  in  the  country  proved  to  be  an  effective  tool  to  promote  political 
dialogue  and  to  implement  the  necessary  reforms  that  led  Somalia  to  reach  a  Decision  Point  in 
March 2020 under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries’ (HIPC) initiative. 

In Sudan, the EU continued to support the democratic transition and provided substantial political 
and  financial  support,  notably  through  the  EU  Trust  Fund  for  Africa,  but  also  with  the  use  of  EDF 
reserves.  The  EU  was  a  strategic  partner  promoting  and  ensuring  successful  demarches  on  debt 
relief vis-à-vis the Government of Sudan, the IMF, the World Bank and the members of the Friends 
of Sudan group.  

In Cameroon, the ongoing budget support programme is helping to tackle the issue of illegal origin of 
wood by introducing performance indicators and promoting fiscal reforms. In São Tomé e Príncipe, 
the  EU  supported  the  development  and  promotion  of  the  country’s  agricultural  export  sectors, 
promoting  sustainable  agriculture  and  adaptability  to  climate  change  to  consolidate  traditional 
farming sectors such as cocoa, coffee and vanilla, as well as non-traditional sectors.  

In Rwanda, new EU programmes focused on support to national statistics, tourism and investment 
promotion, and in Burundi, on resilience and rural entrepreneurship. In Uganda, the EU contributed 
to  enhancing  links  between  European  and  African  businesses:  the  first  Uganda-Europe  Business 
Forum  was  organised  in  Kampala,  a  successful  event  that  brought  together  over  800  investors,  as 
well as public and private sector industry bodies.  

In Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), new programmes were approved to support justice, public 
finance and security sector reform and to generate green electricity. 

In  2020,  two  joint  programming  documents  were  in  place  in  East  Africa,  namely  Ethiopia  (2017-
2020)  and  Kenya  (2018-2022).  The  two  countries  have  established  a  joint  monitoring  and  results 
framework.  In  addition,  there  was  good  progress  recorded  in  other  countries:  Djibouti  has  a  draft 
JPD,  Uganda  (2020-25)  and  Burundi  (2019-22)  have  a  Team  Europe  Vision,  while  Somalia  and 
Tanzania  agreed  on  a  roadmap  for  joint  programming.  In  2020  in  Central  Africa,  one  full  joint 
programming document was in place in the Central African Republic. In addition, good progress was 
recorded in the Congo and the DRC where joint analysis exists and has been validated by Member 
States. 

Southern Africa and Indian Ocean  

In 2020, one joint programming document was in place in Comoros (2015-2020). In addition, there 
was good progress recorded in several countries: a joint analysis exists in Madagascar and in Zambia, 
while Mozambique and Zimbabwe have agreed on a roadmap for joint programming. 

In 2020 the EU hosted the fifth EU-South Africa Senior Officials' Meeting (SOM) in the framework of 
the EU-South Africa enhanced dialogue on education and training, as well as a back-to-back Policy 
Seminar  on  Education  and Training for Employability. Topics for further engagement identified in 
the SOM Conclusions included teacher education and professional development; graduate tracking; 
Quality  assurance;  Digital  education/transformation;  Entrepreneurship  in  education;  Practices  on 
priority skills; and Workplace learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training.  

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CASE STUDY 

West Africa 

Team  Europe  approach:  The  EU  and  France  support  green  energy  in  Benin  by  funding  a  solar 
power plant 

2020  saw  the  beginning  of  the  construction  work  of  the  DEFISSOL  solar  power  plant  in  Benin, 
funded  with  support  from  the  EU  and  France  (AFD).  The  DEFISSOL  plant  will  help  generate  and 
distribute  clean  and  reliable  energy  for  all  the  people  of  Benin.  It  will  supply  the  country  with 
35 GWh  of  electricity  a  year,  covering  the  consumption  needs  of  around  180  000  people  and 
reducing greenhouse gas emissions at a total cost of EUR 60.85 million of which EUR 10 million was 
provided as an EU grant. This project is an example of the commitment of the EU and its Member 
States to clean energy in the region. 

Another example is the Benin Team Europe Initiative, Investir dans l’énergie durable et le port, which 
will  contribute  to  support  the  development  of  renewable  energy  as  a  strategic  sector  to  reduce 
dependency on imports and boost the competitiveness of ports infrastructure, in particular the Port 
of  Cotonou.  Both  sectors  of  intervention  will  support  sustainable  infrastructures  and  energy 
efficiency,  with  an  emphasis  on  reducing  the  environmental  and  climate  footprint,  increasing 
productivity and creating jobs. 

4.1.4.  Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of 
people affected by conflicts and disasters  

While  addressing  immediate  humanitarian  needs,  the  EU  worked  actively  on  implementing  the 
humanitarian-development-peace  nexus  (triple  nexus)  to  build  the  resilience  of  the  affected 
populations, address the root causes of conflict and fragility, and reduce humanitarian needs.  

Best  practices  of  the  triple  nexus  have  been  identified  in  several  countries  in  the  region,  including 
those  that  were  identified  as  pilots  for  the  nexus  approach  in  2017  (Chad,  Nigeria,  Sudan  and 
Uganda).  The  nexus  approach  is  also  highlighted  in  the  Communication  on  the  EU’s  humanitarian 
action:  new  challenges,  same  principles159  as  a very efficient  means  to  address  underlying  reasons 
for vulnerability and ultimately reduce humanitarian needs. 

Ethiopia  

The  main  humanitarian  concerns  were:  inter-ethnic  violence;  the  situation  of  Eritrean  and  South 
Sudanese refugees; Ethiopian deportees from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and floods and locusts. 
Furthermore, the conflict in Tigray caused severe food insecurity for 4.5 million people and over 2 
million internally displaced people (IDPs), which triggered an EU humanitarian response of EUR 24.8 
million  (including  EUR  6  million  for  the  refugees  in  Sudan).  Overall,  the  EU  allocated  over  EUR  63 
million to the humanitarian response. 

Kenya 

Kenya hosts more than 500 000 refugees (and people awaiting registration) who are fully dependent 
on  international  assistance  due  to  the  country’s  encampment  policy.  COVID-19,  locusts  and  floods 

159 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0110&from=EN  

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affected  Kenya  and  caused  food  insecurity  for  about  2.3  million  people.  The  EU  humanitarian 
funding amounted to EUR 18.45 million.  

Somalia  

Floods  during  the  dry  season,  previous  droughts,  COVID-19,  desert  locusts  and  the  armed  conflict 
contributed to increase humanitarian needs in Somalia. In response, the Commission allocated over 
EUR 50.9 million of humanitarian aid. 

South Sudan 

Intensified conflict, sub-national violence, natural disasters (locusts and flooding) and the impact of 
COVID-19  hit  hard  on  communities.  Nearly  4  million  people  have  been  displaced  since  2013,  of 
which about 1.6 million people are internally displaced and 2.2 million are refugees in neighbouring 
countries.  Food  insecurity  worsened  during  the  year,  mainly  triggered  by  intensified  violence  and 
two  consecutive  years  of  floods.  In  response  to  the  multi-faceted  crises,  the  EU  allocated  EUR  59 
million for humanitarian aid.  

Sudan  

9.3  million  people  needed  humanitarian  assistance  due  to  the  economic  crisis,  conflict  situations, 
natural disasters (locust and flooding), the impacts of COVID-19, and to the refugee crisis triggered 
by the conflict in Tigray. Overall, food insecurity worsened in the country. The EU allocated EUR 67.6 
million for humanitarian aid in response to these crises.  

Uganda 

Uganda  hosts  the  largest  number  of  refugees  (more  than  1.4  million)  in  Africa,  mainly  from  South 
Sudan  and  DRC.  The  constant  influx  of  refugees  has  overstretched  the  capacity  of  reception  and 
transit  centres.  The  main  needs  relate  to  food  assistance,  Water,  Sanitation  and  Hygiene  (WASH), 
and prevention of water-borne disease outbreaks and other basic services. Uganda is also prone to 
natural disasters and epidemics. During the year, the EU allocated EUR 34.45 million of humanitarian 
aid to the country.  

Burundian crisis 

The  United  Nations  refugee  agency  (UNHCR)  reported  more  than  120  000  assisted  returns  to 
Burundi  by  the  end  of  2020,  but  over  310  000  refugees  remain  in  neighbouring  countries.  1.74 
million people in Burundi and all refugees in the neighbouring countries are in need of humanitarian 
assistance and protection. The EU has taken a regional approach to meet the basic protection needs 
of the Burundian refugees and returnees, and its humanitarian support amounted to EUR 8.5 million 
during 2020. 

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) 

The magnitude of the humanitarian crisis in the DRC continued throughout 2020: up to 21.8 million 
people were acutely food insecure, over five million people were internally displaced, and over 900 
000  refugees  were  hosted  in  neighbouring  countries.  The  Congolese  suffered  from  conflict  and 
violence,  natural  disasters  and  recurrent  epidemics.  The  EU  allocated  over  EUR  40  million  for  life-
saving  activities  in  the  DRC,  complemented  by  EUR  7  million  for  humanitarian  air  services  (ECHO 
Flights), and also supported emergency response to floods. 

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Central African Republic (CAR)  

Due to the deteriorating regional crisis in CAR, the EU allocated EUR 22.7 million of humanitarian aid 
in  2020,  focusing  on  food  assistance  and  livelihood  support,  agricultural  support,  health,  shelter, 
water, sanitation, education and protection of civilians. Support was also provided for humanitarian 
coordination, security and logistics.  

Sahel regional crisis 

In 2020, the EU addressed urgent humanitarian needs in seven countries affected by the Sahel crisis: 
Burkina  Faso,  Mauritania,  Mali,  Chad,  Niger,  Nigeria  and  Cameroon,  by  allocating  over  EUR  190 
million  (including  EUR  125  million  to  assist  the  most  vulnerable  populations  in  the  Sahel  G5 
countries). Humanitarian response in conflict areas included support to Rapid Reaction Mechanisms 
and  to  national  structures,  to  maintain  access  to  basic  services.  Moreover,  the  EU  aid  provided 
protection services and supported Humanitarian Air Services enabling access to hard-to-reach areas, 
as  well  as  humanitarian  Civil-Military  Coordination  and  security  management.  In  addition,  the  EU 
provided food during the lean season and nutritional supplements for children in need of life-saving 
treatments.  

Lake Chad Basin crisis 

The decade-long crisis of the Lake Chad Basin region (Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon and Niger) received 
EUR 72 million from the EU in humanitarian aid funding. These funds provided relief, protection and 
assistance  to  conflict-stricken  populations,  in  addition  to  supporting  treatment  for  Severe  Acute 
Malnutrition (SAM).  

Southern Africa 

In  the  region,  Emergency  Response  to  natural  and  man-made  disasters,  Education  in  Emergencies 
(EiE),  and  Disaster  Preparedness  (DP)  remained  a  priority.  The  outbreak  of  COVID-19  impacted 
already  vulnerable  populations.  Food  insecurity  remained  a  serious  humanitarian  threat,  affecting 
over  16  million  people.  In  Zimbabwe  the  situation  was  compounded  by  an  economic  crisis, 
consecutive  droughts,  and  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  with  seven  million  people  in  urgent  need  of 
humanitarian  assistance.  From  early  2020,  the  internal  conflict  in  Cabo  Delgado  (Northern 
Mozambique)  dramatically  deteriorated,  with  increased  population  displacement  and  a  rise  in 
security incidents and casualties. In 2020, the EU humanitarian funding in the region amounted to 
EUR 64.9 million. 

4.1.5.  Crisis response and preparedness  

With  19  new  crisis  response  programmes  related  to  sub-Saharan  Africa  launched  in  2020,  actions 
through  the Instrument  contributing  to  Stability and  Peace (IcSP)  helped  the  EU to respond to the 
numerous crises in the region, including specific COVID-19 related initiatives. 

In  the  Central  African  Republic,  IcSP  actions  continue  to  support  the  peace  process  and  further 
strengthen  local  level  ownership  of  the  process  with  emphasis  on  the  participation  of  sub-regions 
and  on  increased  involvement  of  essential  stakeholders  in  the  search  for  a  solution.  A  new  action 
contributed to a peaceful, inclusive and transparent electoral process through the dissemination of 
independent  and  reliable  information  as  a  vector  for  social  dialogue,  accountability  and  citizen 
engagement. The IcSP further provided considerable support to  the security  sector in the country, 
notably for the gradual deployment of the national armed forces, under the provisions for Capacity-

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Building for Security and Development (CBSD) support, and the internal security services beyond the 
capital; and for strengthening  trust and collaboration between  communities and security forces. A 
new  initiative  in  2020  allowed  the  continued  rehabilitation  at  Camp  Leclerc  in  Bouar,  extending 
social  support  to  families  of  the  deployed  forces;  and  helping  to  strengthen  relations  with  the 
neighbouring  civilian  communities.  In  addition,  other  IcSP  actions  continued  to  support  the 
stabilisation  of  vulnerable  communities.  Previous  IcSP  support  to  the  investigations  of  the  Special 
Criminal Court was phased out and taken over by European Development Fund (EDF) support in late 
2020, demonstrating good coordination and complementarity between different EU instruments. 

In  2020, 

The  Sahel  region,  which  is  strategic  for  the  EU,  remains  plagued  by  instability.  The  region  faces  a 
precarious economic situation, the threat of international terrorism, internal conflicts and tensions, 
climate-related  and  governance  challenges. 
IcSP  support  was  provided  for  the 
implementation of security and stabilisation packages dedicated to vulnerable areas in the Tillabéri 
region in Niger, the eastern and central-northern regions of Burkina Faso, and central Mali as well as 
the  southern  part  of  the  country  (Sikasso  and  Kayes  regions).  These  activities  focussed  on 
peacebuilding, dialogue, mediation and stabilisation initiatives and included CBSD support to provide 
security for development. In addition, support was mobilised to fight against impunity in central Mali 
and  to  analyse  justice  related  needs  of  the  populations  in  fragile  parts  of  Burkina  Faso.  After  the 
military coup in Mali in August 2020, all security-related activities were suspended until an 18-month 
political transition process was announced in October 2020 under civilian leadership. Furthermore, 
new  support  to  Côte  d’Ivoire  to  address  instability  in  the  northern  regions,  where  spill-over  of 
conflict from the Sahel is of increasing concern, was developed. 

In  2020,  IcSP  actions  in  Ethiopia  and  the  Democratic  Republic  of  Congo  (DRC)  have  engaged  with 
police  forces  to  promote  conflict-sensitive  policing.  In  Ethiopia,  the  action  aims  at  sustainable 
improvements  to  the  Ethiopia  Federal  Police’s  transparency,  efficiency,  accountability  and 
effectiveness.  This  includes  efforts  to  develop  a  vision  for  policing  and  police  reform,  capacity-
building  and  modernisation  of  the  human  resource  management  system  as  well  as  strengthening 
internal and external controls. Improved communications between the police and the population as 
well as human rights compliance are cross-cutting  themes with a longer-term reform objective for 
security  institutions  to  become  more  citizen-centred.  In  DRC,  the  action  supports  conflict-sensitive 
policing  of  restrictions  related  to  COVID-19.  The  focus  is  on  strengthening  the  links  between  the 
police  and  local  populations,  which  enables  the  provision  of  responsive  and  accountable  security 
services as well as participatory and inclusive security governance. An action also responded to the 
conflict  situation  in  the  Northwest  and  Southwest  regions  of  Cameroon,  where  the  COVID-19 
pandemic has put additional strain on the conflict-affected population. 

In Somalia, an IcSP action provided timely support to ensure peaceful electoral processes in Somalia 
and Somaliland. At the same time, support to the consolidation of the Somali security architecture 
continues  and  has  been  instrumental  in  enabling  EU  support  for  the  Somalia  Transition  Plan, 
specifically  targeting  capacity-building  of  the  security  sector  and  stabilisation  activities.  A  second 
CBSD action assists the redeployment of state institutions to areas regained from Al Shabaab. 

The IcSP also continued to support the transition process in Sudan as well as mediation and dialogue 
activities in South Sudan. 

IcSP  actions  further  engaged  in  initiatives  to  tackle  conflicts  and  insecurity  stemming  from  the 
exploitation of minerals, including in relation to the implementation of the Kimberley Process in the 

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Mano River Union countries (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire), as well as gold mining 
in fragile areas of Cote d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso. There is continued engagement in the promotion 
of  responsible  sourcing  and  trading  of  gold  and  diamonds,  strengthening  governance  of  these 
sectors, and promoting the formalisation of artisanal mining activities.  

Through the IcSP the EU has promoted a regional programme supporting civil society capacities to 
anticipate and prevent electoral violence as well as strengthening the engagement of civil society in 
the security  sector to better consider  and address people’s security needs and concerns, including 
from a gender perspective. 

Latin America and the Caribbean 

4.2. 
4.2.1.  Latin America 

4.2.1.1. Introduction (Policy developments)  

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries particularly hard. The 
region  is  facing  its  worst  economic  recession  ever  and  an  unprecedented  long-term  crisis  with 
significant  social  consequences  affecting  primarily  the  most  vulnerable.  This  pandemic  has 
generated  a  sense  of  urgency  in  LAC  countries  regarding  the  importance  of  regional  and 
international dialogue and cooperation.  

The  EU  and  its  Member  States  took  the  initiative  to  convene  two  important  meetings  to  resume 
high-level dialogue with the region: the informal ministerial videoconference organised by France on 
10 July and co-chaired by the HRVP and Spain, and the LAC informal ministerial meeting hosted by 
Germany  in  Berlin  on  14  December  2020  and  chaired  by  the  HRVP.  These  two  meetings  were  an 
opportunity to put the focus on the other transatlantic relationship and move towards renewing the 
bi-regional  agenda.  The  Berlin  meeting  in  particular  gave  a  political  push  by  relaunching  political 
engagement with the LAC region and revitalising cooperation. EU and LAC governments committed 
to join forces to build back better, with equality, notably through a robust green partnership and a 
digital alliance. The EU-LAC International Foundation continued to play its role as a forum for regular 
bi-regional  dialogue  giving  new  impetus  and  visibility  to  activities  involving  civil  society  and  other 
social actors.  

Dialogue  with  Central  America  continued  adapting  working  modalities  to  digital  formats.  The  EU 
further  progressed  on  the  ratification  of  the  EU  Central  America  Association  Agreement.  The  EU 
renewed its autonomous sanctions regime for Nicaragua as the government reinforced its repressive 
legislative arsenal and failed to abide by its commitment for rule of law and electoral reforms. 

The  EU  weighed  in  favour  of  a  smooth  transition  of  power  in  Guyana  after  the  tense  end  to  2019 
elections.  The  double  pressure  of  COVID  stopping  tourism  and  Brexit  requiring  trade  flow 
reorientation  placed  the  Caribbean  region  in  a  delicate  situation.  The  political  deal  by  the  chief 
negotiators  on  the  Caribbean  protocol  to  the  future  post-Cotonou  agreement  was  highly  positive 
news pointing to a closer future relationship together. The socio-economic crisis in Haiti combined 
with  institutional  tensions  triggered  reflection  on  the  political  engagement  of  the  EU.  The  intense 
institutional dialogue agenda with Cuba and Mexico continued.  

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In  June  2020,  a  historical  agreement  was  reached  on  the  political  and  cooperation  pillar  of  the  EU-
Mercosur Association Agreement (the trade pillar of the agreement had already been concluded in 2019); 
this  comprehensive  agreement  promises  to  be  a  game  changer  and  is  of  geo-strategic  importance. 
Negotiations also advanced on the modernisation of the EU-Chile Association Agreement.  

The EU continued to provide substantial political and financial support to the implementation of the 
Peace Agreement in Colombia. In 2020, it negotiated a Memorandum of Understanding with a view 
to reinforce the EU-Colombia partnership, enhancing political dialogue and cooperation in areas of 
common  interest.  The  EU  also  reinforced  bilateral  engagement  with  Brazil  on  sustainable 
development, environment and climate change issues. In Bolivia, the EU was actively engaged to find 
a democratic and sustainable outcome to a protracted political crisis. It undertook mediation efforts, 
together with UN and the Church, which contributed to peaceful and credible elections in October. 

The  political  and  humanitarian  crisis  in  Venezuela  continued  to  deteriorate  through  2020  with  a 
significant  impact  on  the  region,  due  in  particular  to  migration  flows  that  reached  more  than  5.4 
million by the end of 2020. The EU increased its diplomatic role maintaining a diplomatic presence 
and dialogue with the parties in Venezuela in order to promote the re-launching of meaningful and 
inclusive  negotiations  with  a  view  to  a  democratic  transition.  The  EU  has  also  reached  out  to  the 
main  international  actors  to  promote  a  concerted  international  engagement.  Several  meetings  of 
the  International  Contact  Group  were  organised,  including  at  ministerial  level  and  the  HRVP 
personally engaged in exchanges with both the regime and the opposition. 

4.2.1.2. Working towards the SDGs  

Throughout  2020,  the  Commission  departments  have  worked  to  provide  an  adequate  policy 
response in Latin America to support a sustainable recovery aligned with the SDGs. The EU toolbox 
was  used  to  support  partner  countries  and  regional  constellations  to  achieve  their  development 
goals.  New  programmes  and  projects  aimed  at  addressing  the  most  pressing  challenges  such  as 
climate  change,  security  and  the  rule  of  law,  investments  for  growth  and  jobs,  and  governance. 
Progress  has  been  recorded  in  the  areas  of  decent  jobs  and  the  green  economy,  climate  change 
adaptation and mitigation, sustainable energy, peace and security, and capacity development in the 
public sector.  

The Foreign Affairs Council of 12 October put Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) higher up the 
EU’s  external  action  agenda  and  the  informal  Ministerial  meeting  in  Berlin  on  14  December  2020 
was a tangible step in reviving the high-level bi-regional dialogue. Ministers agreed that the COVID-
19  crisis  is  an  opportunity  to  build  back  better  in  line  with  the  UN  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable 
Development and agreed to join forces to develop robust green and digital partnerships. 

LAC  was  hit  particularly  hard  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  The  region  is  going  through  the  worst 
recession  on  record  with  increased  poverty,  unemployment,  and  inequality.  Unsustainable  debt 
levels restrict governments’ room for manoeuvre.  

The  Team  Europe  COVID-19  response  in  the  LAC  region  saw  existing  programmes  and  funds 
redirected where possible and frontloading of commitments and payments, whilst at the same time 
ensuring  a  sustainable  approach  and  galvanising  pre-COVID-19  gains  and  achievements.  The  funds 
were  used  to  address  the  social  and  economic  consequences  of  the  crisis,  also  focused  on  health, 
water  and  sanitation  issues,  and  on  the  emergency  response  and  humanitarian  needs  in  the 
countries. See Table 1 in Chapter 1 for more details.  

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Within  the  Partnership  Instrument,  three  new  actions  in  Latin  America  and  in  Asia  were 
programmed in 2020 (EUR 14 million) mainly aimed at providing a response to the COVID-19 crisis. 
The  actions  explored  avenues  for  enhanced  cooperation  with  multilateral  and  bilateral  partners  in 
response to this common challenge. Eight new actions (EUR 36 million) and 59 existing actions (EUR 
239  million)  were  reoriented  to  address  the  COVID-19  crisis  including  adaptation  to  the  pandemic 
and its  mitigation. They supported the sharing of  best practices  and the socio-economic impact of 
the crisis. 

In  2020,  there  were  five  joint  programming  documents  in  place:  in  Bolivia,  Ecuador,  Guatemala, 
Honduras  and  Nicaragua.  Three  countries  established  a  joint  monitoring  and  results  frameworks 
(Bolivia, Honduras and Nicaragua). 

4.2.1.3. Implementation  

In  Latin  America,  the  implementation  of  programmes  and  projects  was  adapted  to  respond  to  the 
COVID-19 crisis and the operational constraints it provoked. New programmes were launched in key 
sectors including water and climate change; education, sustainable growth and jobs, food security, 
private sector and investment; economic development; security, rule of law and governance.  

New  approaches  to  triangular  cooperation  were  explored  with  key  partners  across  the  region, 
enabling  engagement  on  projects  but  also  on  mutual  cooperation  priorities.  The  Commission  has 
established  close  alliances  with  key  institutions  to  define  the  regional  agenda  around  the  top 
priorities  of  the  EU  foreign  policies.  Those  partnerships  will  enable  the  shaping  of  the  regional 
agenda on the green deal, social cohesion, more diverse and inclusive growth, COVID-19 recovery, 
and digital transformation. 

The EU Trust Fund for Colombia continued to support the implementation of the Peace Agreement 
via  sustainable  rural  development,  and  the  social  and  economic  reincorporation  of  former  FARC 
combatants. The Trust Fund includes 30 projects (EUR 110 million).  

The  Venezuela 
International  Donor’s  Conference  of May  2020  mobilised  EUR  70  million 
to support Venezuelan migrants and  refugees,  and  their  hosting  communities  in  neighbouring 
countries. The package includes financing for their COVID-19 response and for mitigating the impact 
of the Venezuelan migration crisis.  

Central America faced the COVID-19 crisis and the aftermath of two significant storms, intensifying 
the challenges and difficulties in the region. The EU is contributing to the Regional Contingency Plan 
against COVID-19. The EU also mobilised funds in response to COVID-19 to support actions in health 
and socio-economic recovery. The EU continued to strengthen its partnership with Mexico through 
enhanced cooperation, in the broader context of Central America.  

Regional  programmes  remained  crucial  to  underpin  the  EU-Latin  America  partnership.  Flagship 
programmes  were  increasingly  structured  around  national  dialogues,  expanding  the  Team  Europe 
approach for programmes to policy defining efforts. The launch of bilateral cooperation funds with 
key partner countries in the region (Chile, Uruguay, Mexico) is considered an innovative approach.  

Euroclima+  remains  the  EU’s  flagship  programme  for  Latin  America  in  climate  change  and 
environment. It encompasses 60 projects in six sectors covering 18 countries. Its key achievements 
relate to the formulation of Chile's new climate change law, climate change scenarios in six countries 
in  Central  America;  three  national  systems  for  monitoring  and  evaluating  climate  policies  (Chile, 

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in  Peru;  and 
indigenous 
Costa  Rica  and  El  Salvador);  an 
adoption/implementation of Early Warning Systems on droughts and floods in Bolivia and Peru.  

climate  platform 

the 

EUROsociAL+ has enabled a rapid response related to social cohesion in the context of the COVID- 19 
crisis:  mounting  34  actions  in  the  area  of  gender  equality,  good  governance  and  social  policies  in 
Latin America. 

The Latin America Investment Facility, mainly geared towards environmental sustainability, climate 
change, and  sustainable growth and jobs, tailored financing to the COVID-19 context. The projects 
include migration actions in Colombia, the first EU contribution to a Green Bond Fund LAGREEN and 
addressing sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and health.  

The ADELANTE Programme for Triangular Cooperation aims to improve public policies through peer-
to-peer learning and the exchange of experiences. It brings together 93 institutions from the EU and 
LAC  and  fosters  policy  coherence  for  development  and  opportunities  for  deepening  the  EU's 
strategic relations in areas of mutual interest. 

AL-INVEST is the EU flagship programme for private sector development in Latin America. AL-INVEST 
5.0 implemented 67 projects involving 110 EU and Latin American organisations from 18 countries 
and over 49 000 SMEs.  

EL  PAcCTO,  the  programme  on  the  rule  of  law,  was  instrumental  in  facilitating  an  immediate 
response  to  the  pandemic.  It  created  a  space  for  exchange  between  the  EU  and  Latin  American 
security forces, representatives of the justice and penitentiary systems on substantive practices and 
protocols used during the pandemic.  

The  EUROFRONT programme fosters  intra-Latin  American  and  EU-LAC  cooperation  in  the  area  of 
integrated  border  management.  It  contributes  to the fight against trafficking  in  human  beings  and 
the smuggling of migrants.  

The  COPOLAD  project  targets  drug  policies  within  the  region.  It  linked  into  the  EU  Drugs  Strategy 
2013-2020 and its Action Plan. Its goals are to reduce drugs supply and demand, reducing the social 
and health-related risks and harms caused by drug use.  

The  EU-LAC Digital Alliance  will  step  up  the  EU  engagement  in  digital  transformation.  The 
BELLA (Building  the  Europe  Link  with  Latin  America)  programme  enables a stronger digital 
cooperation  between  the  two  regions.  It caters  to  the  interconnectivity  needs  of  EU  and  Latin 
American  research  and  education  communities  through  a  submarine  cable  between  the  two 
continents and  by  improving  connectivity  between  Latin  American  countries.  Also  contributing  to 
the  digital  transition  and  knowledge  and  research  sharing  with  LAC  is  a  new  action  to  support 
wildfire management in the Amazon and LAC region launched in 2020 and to be continued under the 
TEI  Amazon  after  2022.  The  action  supports  the  creation  of  an  Expert  Group  on  wildfire 
management in LAC and exchange of EU good practices on the use of forest fire information systems 
in the region.  

A new project was launched on ‘Smart Specialisation Strategies for Sustainability in Latin America’ 
with  the  aim  to  confirm  the  potential  of  the  EU  Smart  Specialisation  policy  concept  to  steer 
innovation-driven  territorial  development  in  line  with  sustainable  development  principles.  The 
project kicked off in 2020 and is implemented under the governance of the EU Regional Facility for 
Development in transition (DGINTPA). The territorial scope of the project is Mexico, Chile and Peru. 

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The EU-CELAC Common Research Area (CRA) remains a key policy objective in bi-regional research 
and innovation cooperation, working towards a shared space for scientists from the EU and LAC to 
contribute to the strategic priorities in both regions. The 2020 meeting of the delegates of the Joint 
Initiative on Research and Innovation, as the main coordination instrument of the CRA, managed to 
re-launch the bi-regional dialogue, previously overshadowed by the Venezuela crisis. 

Erasmus+ supported students and staff mobility, full degree scholarships for Erasmus Mundus joint 
Masters degree students, and capacity building for higher education. In 2020, 1,277 Latin American 
students, researchers and teachers were provided with the opportunity under Erasmus+ to study or 
teach  in  another  European  higher  education  institution,  while  922  European  staff  went  to  Latin 
America. 14 Capacity Building in Higher Education projects were funded in the region, as well as 40 
Erasmus+ Capacity building projects in the field of youth, supporting 81 organisations.  

CASE STUDY 
Special  Measure  for  the  Latin  America  region  related  to  the  Venezuela  crisis  in  the  context  of 
COVID-19 
Context: 
The  Venezuelan  refugee  and  migrant  crisis  constitutes  the  biggest  population  displacement  in  the 
Americas'  recent  history.  Over  5.4  million  people  have  fled  the  country.  Response  capacities  of 
receiving countries were overwhelmed.  

Objectives:  
To  strengthen  the  resilience  of  health  and  basic  services,  contribute  towards  longer-term  socio-
economic  resilience  of  vulnerable  communities  in  the  region,  and  to  ensure  protection  of  human 
rights in the COVID-19 context. The main focus was on migrants and refugees, especially those most 
at risk, such as children, women, and older persons, in host communities in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, 
and Costa Rica, as well as the most vulnerable populations in Venezuela. 

Results: 

• 

Improved  access  of  vulnerable  populations  to  basic  services,  such  as  health,  water  and 
sanitation. 

•  Strengthened  socio-economic  recovery,  including  support  to  livelihoods,  to  the  private 
sector  and  food  production  and  commercialisation,  and  socio-economic  integration  of 
migrant and refugee populations, especially women and youth. 

•  Human rights and human rights defenders protected. 

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4.2.1.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

Venezuela 

Venezuela  was  one  of  the  major  humanitarian  crises  worldwide,  with  at  least  14  million  people  in 
need  of  assistance  inside  the  country.  The  impact  of  COVID-19,  widespread  violence,  political 
polarisation, legal insecurity, fuel and power shortages exacerbated people’s hardship. The number 
of Venezuelan migrants and refugees had reached 5.4 million towards the end of 2020.  

The Commission provided humanitarian support to those affected, in Venezuela and in the region, in 
the sectors of health and nutrition, water and sanitation, protection, education in emergencies, as 
well as support to host communities. In 2020, EUR 67.7 million was mobilised in humanitarian aid for 
a crisis that, nevertheless, remains severely underfunded.  

The Commission has also continued its efforts in terms of humanitarian diplomacy (also through the 
International Contact Group for Venezuela). Together with EEAS, Commission departments were on 
the  frontline  in  the  organisation  of  the  May  2020  Virtual  Pledging  conference  in  response  to  the 
Venezuela migration and refugee crisis. In a Team Europe approach, the Pledging Conference raised 
a total of EUR 2.5 billion (of which EUR 595 million in grants). The EU and EU Member States pledged 
EUR 236 million in grants (of which EUR 144.2 million was from Commission departments) and EUR 
400 million in loans from the European Investment Bank. 

The  Commission  remains  the  lead  donor  in  Venezuela  and,  in  order  to  ensure  close  follow  up  to 
operations, the field office in Caracas was reinforced with new personnel. 

Colombia 

The ongoing internal conflict, the huge impact of the more than 1.7 million Venezuelan refugees in 
the country and the consequences of COVID-19 aggravated the humanitarian situation in Colombia. 
As a result, the number of people in need increased from 5.1 million in 2019 to 6.7 million by the 
end of 2020. 

Colombia is also highly prone to natural disasters and conflict-affected municipalities are particularly 
at risk. In total, over 590 000 people were directly impacted by natural disasters in 2020, including 
330 000 people affected by Hurricane Iota and La Niña.  

The Commission allocated a total of EUR 5.85 million in humanitarian aid, to help conflict-affected 
people  in  Colombia  and  in  the  region,  as  well  as  people  affected  by  natural  disasters  inside 
Colombia. Aid sectors included protection, healthcare, water and sanitation for the most vulnerable 
groups, education in emergency, as well as disaster preparedness. 

Central America 

Climate shocks hit the Central America region over the last five years and caused average crop losses 
exceeding  75  %  in  Guatemala,  Honduras,  El  Salvador  and  Nicaragua.  This  chronic  situation  was 
further  aggravated  by  the  impact  of  COVID-19  and  the  two  successive  hurricanes  (Eta  and  Iota)  at 
the  end  of  2020.  As  a  consequence,  approximately  5.5  million  people  were  in  food  insecure 

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situations, with an additional three million severely food insecure. This also led to a 30 % increase in 
acute malnutrition compared to the past two years. 

Furthermore, pervasive organised violence in the Northern Triangle and Mexico increased in 2020, 
with  armed  gangs  enforcing  COVID-19  mobility  restrictions  in  certain  areas  and  systematically 
extorting  the  population  in  areas  under  their  control.  The  situation  in  Northern  Mexico  was 
aggravated by a migration crisis.  

Commission  departments  allocated  a  total  of  EUR  14.3  million  in  2020  to  address  food  and 
protection  needs  in  the  most  affected  countries  of  Central  America.  The  funding  also  took  into 
account  the  humanitarian  and  protection  needs  of  a  population  on  the  move  and  asylum  seekers 
across the region as well as the victims of the civil unrest prevailing in Nicaragua and its spill over 
effects in Costa Rica. Moreover, disaster preparedness actions reinforced the resilience capacity of 
vulnerable communities. An additional EUR 2.85 million was released in emergency response to the 
devastating effects of Hurricanes Eta and Iota. 

4.2.1.5. Crisis response and preparedness  

With  Latin  America  amongst  the  hardest  hit  regions  worldwide  by  COVID-19,  the  IcSP  was  rapidly 
deployed  to  strengthen  the  resilience  of  vulnerable  populations  with  an  emphasis  on  the  health 
response  to  the  pandemic  and  on  reducing  the  risk  of  tensions  between  migrants  and  host 
communities triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic.  

In a situation of saturation of public services in Northern Mexico, due to a considerable increase in 
migrants fleeing the violence and instability in the countries of Northern Central America as well as 
Venezuela, an action through the IcSP is improving the capacities of relevant public services in host 
communities along the northern border.  

The IcSP continued to support the peace processes in Colombia, with a particular focus on part five 
of  the  Agreement  regarding  the  Victims  of  the  Conflict.  This  includes  supporting  the  transitional 
justice process, notably the work of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace.  

Conflict prevention actions aimed to reduce the risk of violence and conflict in connection with the 
electoral  processes  in  Honduras  and  in  Bolivia  where  the  motivation  was  to  bring  the  tense 
transition  period  to  an  end  and  to  allow  the  country  to  move  forward  democratically.  The  timely 
support  through  IcSP  helped  ensure  a  peaceful,  fair,  inclusive  and  credible  electoral  process  in 
Bolivia,  through  support  to  the  Pluri-national  Electoral  Organ.  Furthermore,  in  Bolivia,  the  IcSP 
supported the presidential elections. 

4.2.2.  The Caribbean  

4.2.2.1.  Introduction (Policy developments)  

The  chief  negotiators  reached  a  political  deal  on  the  Post-Cotonou  Agreement.  That  agreement  is 
intended to lay the foundation for a renewed relationship with the region, capitalising on the results 
of current cooperation and fulfilling EU geopolitical ambition. The Caribbean protocol reflects how 
much  EU  and  Caribbean  priorities  are  aligned:  fighting  climate  change  and  fostering  green  growth 
(and  recovery),  modernising  economies,  creating  employment  and  advancing  connectivity  through 
digitalisation,  working  together  for  peace  and  security  and  the  promotion  of  human  rights  are 
identified  as  the  focus  for  our  common  action.  As  such,  the  protocol  is  a  tool  to  help  the  region 
address  its  key  vulnerabilities:  be  it  environmental  (exposure  to  natural  disasters  and  climate 

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change),  economic  (small,  non-diversified  economies  with  limited  access  to  resources)  or  social 
(inequalities, crime and security challenges due to being located on major drug trafficking routes). It 
may also facilitate forging a strong relationship with the region post Brexit, seizing the opportunity 
to create new linkages between the EU27 and the Caribbean countries in commercial, cultural and 
political areas. 

4.2.2.2. Working towards the SDGs  

In 2020, the vulnerability of the Caribbean region to external shocks has led to a significant economic 
recession following COVID-19 shutdowns. The region´s GDP contraction is about 8 % and expected to 
last  longer  than  in  other  regions  due  to  its  high  dependency  on  tourism,  commodities,  and 
remittances. 

The  high  indebtedness  and  consequent  pressure  on  fiscal  accounts,  further  weakens  the  financial 
resilience of the governments and their ability to invest in achieving the SDGs. Different strands of 
the  population  are  being  pushed  back  into  extreme  poverty.  Employment  rates  and  salary  levels 
continue to fall throughout the region.  

The  EU  support  to  the  Caribbean  partner  countries  has  reaffirmed  the  commitment  towards 
achieving the SDGs and leaving no one behind.  

Budget support operations have been an efficient way to provide fiscal space. They have contributed 
to delivering sustainable results on the SDGs. 

In Saint Lucia, Barbados, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic, the EU 
actions  have  helped  to  progress  on  SDG  8  Decent  work  and  Economic  growth  and  SDG  5  Gender 
equality. In Haiti, the EU engagement has provided crucial support to progress on SDG 4 Education. 
In Barbados, a new budget support operation aims to strengthen Barbados´ social protection system 
(SDG 3 and 10).  

SDG 3 Good Health and Wellbeing has largely been addressed through the EU sanitary response to 
the  COVID-19  at  regional  level.  Through  the  Caribbean  Public  Health  Agency  (CARPHA),  the  health 
systems  of  the  Caribbean  Community  (CARICOM)  countries  have  been  strengthened  to  include 
universal  health  coverage,  and  enabling  the  provision  of  essential  protection  material,  tests  and 
treatments, including vaccines. The EU has also been timely in providing support to fight the health-
related impact of the pandemic in Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Cuba and Haiti.  

The  effects  of  climate  change  and  the  recurrent  natural  disasters  continue  to  put  pressure  on  the 
resilience  of  the  countries  in  the  Caribbean.  This  further  emphasises  the  importance  of  the  EU 
investment  in  the  region  to  build  back  better  in  line  with  the  UN  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable 
Development. Specifically, the EU has supported this approach in Dominica (SDG 9.1), Jamaica (SDG 
15.2), Barbados, Guyana (SDG 14.2) and Suriname (SDG 13). 

SDG 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions has also been addressed with actions in Haiti, St. Kitts 
and Nevis and Antigua & Barbuda. 

The Spotlight Initiative programme is playing a crucial role in achieving SDG 5 Gender Equality. It has 
now  become  even  more  important  in  the  context  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  which  has  led  to  an 
increase  in  family  violence.  Specific  actions  in  Guyana,  Suriname,  Trinidad,  Jamaica,  Haiti  and 
Grenada contribute to educate, spread awareness, and provide a response and protection to victims 
of violence regardless of gender and age. 

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4.2.2.3. Implementation  

The EU mobilised funds and delivered a response to the pandemic in the Caribbean using the build 
back  better  approach.  On  the  health  front,  rapid  support  has  been  rolled  out  to  strengthen  the 
countries’ response capacities. See Table 1 in Chapter 1 for more details.  

The lion´s share of the EU response has been devoted to economic recovery, and to preserving hard-
won development gains. The decrease in the risk insurance cost for countries under the Caribbean 
Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility and the adoption of a new programme in Haiti illustrate the EU’s 
solidarity and engagement in the region.  

The  Team  Europe  COVID-19  response  included  social  protection  in  Barbados  and  TVET  (Technical 
and  Vocational  Education  and  Training)  in  St.  Lucia. The  first  aims  to  strengthen resilience  of  the 
most vulnerable households and to extend the social protection system. The second aims to better 
align the skillsets of youth to the needs of the labour market.  

In 2020, EU cooperation contributed to a further consolidation of the EU-Cuba relationship.  

The  Caribbean  Investment  Facility,  mainly  geared  towards  environmental  sustainability,  climate 
change,  and  sustainable  growth  and  jobs,  tailored  financing  to  the  COVID-19  context.  The  Facility 
turned out to be an important asset in responding to specific needs at country and regional level.  

Erasmus+ supported students and staff mobility, full degree scholarships for Erasmus Mundus joint 
Masters  degree  students,  and  capacity  building  for  higher  education.  In  2020,  59  students, 
researchers and teachers from the Caribbean were provided with the opportunity under Erasmus+ 
to  study  or  teach  in  European  higher  education  institutions,  while  33  European  staff  went  to  the 
Caribbean.  One  project  aiming  to  support  the  training  capacities  of  professors  of  doctoral 
programmes in the subjects of peace, human rights, and inclusion was funded in the region, as well 
as one project in the field of youth.  

CASE STUDY  

Three  countries,  one  goal:  costal-marine 
conservation and restoration (SDG 14)  

Context:  

islands  are  considered  a 
The  Caribbean 
biodiversity  hotspot  for  their  natural  wealth, 
they have a high percentage of endemic marine 
and terrestrial species, making the region one of 
the world’s greatest centres of biodiversity. With 
26 000 km2 of coral reefs, this region represents 
7  %  of  the  world's  total  coral  reef  ecosystems. 
The  marine-coastal  biodiversity  of  the  Caribbean  region  is  threatened  by  various  factors  such  as 
pollution,  overfishing,  invasive  species,  global  warming,  and  unsustainable  recreational  practices. 
These events have an impact on a population of almost 43 million people directly or indirectly, on 
coral reefs, beaches, fisheries, and mangroves. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Objectives:  

The  project  Business  and  Biodiversity  has  the  objective  of  contributing  to  restoring  and  protecting 
the marine and coastal biological diversity of the Caribbean Sea through sustainable coastal tourism 
in the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Honduras. 

Results: 

Implemented  by  Gesellschaft  für  Internationale 
Zusammenarbeit  (GiZ)  and  co-financed  by  the  EU, 
the  action  has  helped  to  certify  the  area  of  Las 
Galeras,  Samaná  as  the  world’s  first  sustainable 
tourist  destination  in  terms  of  biodiversity  and 
created 16 new coral gardens: 11 in the Dominican 
Republic,  3  in  Haiti,  and  2  in  Honduras.  With 
private  sector  participation,  14  new  species  were 
developed 
and 
environmental  awareness  raised  using  11  new 
products for responsible tourism. With a citizen science approach and the participation of tourists, a 
mobile app called Samana Whale Watcher is helping to report on whale sightings. Other important 
elements  to  sustain  the  diversification  and  conservation  of  the  marine-coastal  biodiversity  are  the 
establishment  of  a  financial  mechanism  for  coral  restoration  and  conservation,  the  training  of  87 
fishermen to monitor mangrove conservation and the certification of four dive instructors on coral 
gardening. Also, 35 Biodiversity Checks have been applied to determine the companies’ impact on 
biodiversity, and 79 consultants have been trained in the Biodiversity Check Tourism tool.  

nurseries 

coral 

four 

in 

(Pictures: Coral gardening as part of “Biodiversity and Business” project) 

4.2.2.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

The Caribbean 

In 2020 the  COVID-19 crisis has dramatically increased poverty in  the Caribbean Developing  Island 
States.  WFP  estimates  that  some  10  million  people  are  food  insecure,  mostly  in  Cuba  and  the 
Dominican  Republic  but  also  in  the  Lesser  Antilles.  The  pandemic  also  exacerbated  vulnerabilities, 
notably  of  migrants  and  asylum  seekers.  Finally,  the  exceptional  2020  Hurricane  season  (with  17 
tropical  storms  and  13  Hurricanes)  had  a  significant  impact  on  livelihoods  and  infrastructure 
especially in Cuba and Belize. 

In  2020,  EUR  2  million  was  allocated  for  Disaster  Preparedness  and  EUR  0.5  million  targeted 
Venezuelan  migrants  and  refugees.  Some  EUR  600  000  has  been  redirected  from  on-going 
operations  to  COVID-19  responses  in  particular  to  include  migrants  in  national  social  protection 
mechanisms.  In  addition,  EUR  600  000  has  been  allocated  to  UNICEF  to  improve  health  system 
capacity and protect vulnerable populations in Cuba. 

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Haiti 

The  socio-political  crisis  was  exacerbated  in  2020  by  the  negative  impact  of  COVID-19,  the 
entrenchment  of  the  political  context,  and  a  general  expansion  of  violence  and  criminality 
(kidnappings, evictions, etc.).  

While  the  impact  of  COVID-19  on  the  health  sector  has  been,  so  far,  less  dramatic  than  expected 
(despite an extremely weak health system), its negative repercussions on livelihoods have seriously 
affected  the  ongoing  food  insecurity  crisis.  By  the  end  of  2020,  the  number  of  people  in  need  of 
urgent  humanitarian  assistance  is  estimated  at  over  four  million  people,  of  which  900  000  people 
were  in  a  food  emergency  situation.  The  forecast  scenario  is  that  this  food  insecurity  will  further 
deteriorate in 2021.  

The EU budget in Haiti for 2020 amounted to EUR 21 million with a particular focus on the response 
to  the  food  crisis  (following  a  nexus  approach  with  longer  term  interventions),  including  EUR  10 
million transferred to respond to the impact of the pandemic and EUR 3 million aiming to reinforce 
the local response capacities to face disasters. 

4.2.2.5. Crisis response and preparedness  

In the Caribbean, IcSP actions engage with local civil society to cultivate leadership for community 
mediation and peacebuilding in vulnerable communities in Haiti. 

4.3.  Asia, Central Asia, Middle East/Gulf and Pacific 
4.3.1.  Asia 

4.3.1.1. Introduction (Policy developments)  

In 2020, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU has managed to maintain strong connections with 
key strategic partners, through summits with India, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (RoK), a 
leaders’ meeting with China’s leadership and a first-ever leaders’ meeting with Australia.  

The  political  conclusion  of  the  negotiations  of  an  EU-China  Comprehensive  Agreement  on 
Investment (CAI) in December marked a significant step towards rebalancing economic relations, as 
promoting  greater  reciprocity  across  the  EU-China  relationship  remains  a  priority.  The  EU’s  multi-
faceted  approach,  as  set  out  in  the  2019  Joint  Communication  EU-China  -  A  Strategic  Outlook160 
(reaffirmed by the European Council in October 2020) remains valid. 

The  EU-India Summit  endorsed an EU-India  Roadmap 2025, as a guide for cooperation in the next 
five  years,  and  enhanced  cooperation  on  environment,  climate  change  and  maritime  security.  In 
December,  the  EU  and  Association  of  Southeast  Asian  Nations  (ASEAN)  agreed  in  a  Ministerial 
meeting to launch a Strategic Partnership. The EU continued to work with Thailand on a Partnership 
and Co-operation Agreement (PCA), while discussions on a PCA with Malaysia and negotiations with 
Australia and New Zealand on Free Trade Agreements advanced well. 

In  2020,  negotiators  reached  political  deal  on  a  successor  to  the  Cotonou  Partnership  Agreement 
with  the  African-Caribbean-Pacific  countries,  including  the  EU-Pacific  Protocol.  This  will  strengthen 

160 JOIN(2019) 5 final of 12 March 2019. 

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the political partnership and allow the EU and Pacific countries to step up cooperation on peace and 
security and address regional challenges.  

The EU continued to engage with partner countries, civil society organisations and the private sector 
in Asia and the Pacific to promote respect for human rights, while strengthening democracy, the rule 
of law and environmental protection. In Afghanistan, the EU was vocal on protecting and promoting 
fundamental freedoms, and helping to advance financial governance and anti-corruption efforts and 
emphasised  these  positions  in  its  document  Key  Elements  for  Sustained  International  Support  to 
Peace  and  Development  in  Afghanistan,  agreed  with  other  major  development  partners.  It  was 
prominently reflected in the outcome documents of the 2020 Afghanistan Conference in Geneva, in 
which  the  EU  participated  at  high  level  and  maintained  the  level  of  its  2016  financial  pledge  for 
Afghanistan (EUR 1.2 billion for four years). The EU and Afghanistan also completed negotiations on 
the Joint Declaration on Migration Cooperation. 

In Bangladesh, the EEAS engaged on the humanitarian challenge caused by the Rohingya crisis and 
co-hosted a donor conference to promote further support and worked on strengthening compliance 
with  labour  and  human  rights  in  the  framework  of  the  Everything  But  Arms  (EBA)  unilateral  trade 
preferences. In Sri Lanka, an EU Election Expert Mission observed the parliamentary elections, and 
the EU engaged proactively with the new authorities focusing on human rights and reconciliation. In 
April,  the  Council  prolonged  the  restrictive  measures  on  Myanmar/Burma  for  a  year,  while  in 
November the EU deployed an Election Expert Mission for the general elections. In August, the EU 
partially  withdrew  EBA  trade  preferences  from  Cambodia  due  to  serious  human  rights  concerns, 
while remaining open to engage on necessary reforms.  

The EU continued to promote peace and security and strengthen security cooperation with partners 
in Asia and the Pacific. In May, the Foreign Affairs Council adopted Conclusions reaffirming the EU’s 
principled position on the need for an immediate ceasefire in Afghanistan and a political settlement 
to the conflict. The EU facilitated civil society organisations’ access to the peace negotiations. Also 
on the security front, the EU Naval Force-Operation Atalanta carried out a naval exercise with Japan 
in the Gulf of Aden, followed by a joint port call on Djibouti. In December, Vietnam invited the HRVP 
for the first time as a Guest of the Chair at the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus. 

The EU played a key role in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia and the Pacific. Under the 
Team Europe approach, the EU frontloaded programmed funds and mobilised new financial support. 
For instance, the EU and its Member States mobilised EUR 800 million to support ASEAN countries in 
coping with the economic and social impact. An amount of almost EUR 150 million was mobilised for 
Afghanistan to reinforce the health system and mitigate the economic and food security impact, and 
EUR  120  million  helped  support  Pacific  Island  Countries  whose  tourism  sectors  were  heavily 
affected. A total of more than EUR 2.7 billion was either newly committed or redirected towards the 
COVID-19 response by the EU and its Member States for Asia and the Pacific (see Table 1 in Chapter 
1 for more details). 

The  EU  also  supported  Member  States  in  providing  consular  assistance  to  more  than  200  000  EU 
citizens  stranded  in  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  notably  in  Australia,  India,  New  Zealand,  Singapore  and 
Thailand. 

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4.3.1.2. Working towards the SDGs  

EU actions in Asia promote smart, sustainable and inclusive growth by supporting corporate social 
responsibility  and  responsible  business  practices  in  global  supply  chains  (SDG  12  and  8);  address 
environmental challenges and climate change promoting the circular economy to reduce and reuse 
plastic waste (SDG 12, 13 and 14); and support local authorities and cities in developing a long-term 
vision to tackle climate change (SDG 11 and 13). Actions also contribute to strengthened women's 
role and their access to business opportunities and leadership within the private sector (SDG 5) and 
to enhanced partnerships in and with Asia for global peace and stability, key to achieving the SDGs. 

The  EU  is  a  longstanding  supporter  of  the  Education  sector  (SDG  4)  in  Bangladesh,  Pakistan  and 
Nepal.  In  Bangladesh  for  example,  the  EU  supports  the  Government’s  Fourth  Primary  Education 
Development Programme contributing to substantial progress in enrolment and school attendance 
rates, reduced dropout rates and better survival rates to grade 5. 

Rural  development  and  agricultural  productivity  growth  are  crucial  for  poverty  reduction  and  for 
advancing SDG 2 (Zero hunger) by promoting sustainable agriculture and fostering food security. In 
Nepal, EU budget support has contributed to developing the agriculture sector, raising the value of 
the dairy market by 21 % and rice paddy production by 8.9 %.  

The EU continues to support climate action (SDG 13) to both mitigate and adapt to the impacts of 
climate change. In Bhutan, budget support has contributed to improving climate resilience through 
the  construction  or  renovation  of  close  to  3  000  km  of  irrigation  channels.  2  765  hectares  were 
afforested or reforested and about 262 949 hectares of forest area were brought under sustainable 
management. 

In all South Asian countries, special attention is given to the advancement of democracy, rule of law, 
Human Rights and civil society (SDG 16 and 17).  

For instance, in Cambodia, in February 2020, the Commission adopted a Regulation on a temporary 
and partial withdrawal of the Everything But Arms (EBA) tariff preferences granted to Cambodia due 
to systematic violations of human rights principles (ICCPR). 

In October 2020, the EU and the Government of Myanmar held the 6th session of the Human Rights 
Dialogue. The delegations exchanged on topics of mutual interest including the situation in Rakhine, 
Kachin  and  Shan  States;  the  state  of  play  on  the  observance  of  fundamental  rights  and  freedoms; 
and cooperation on human rights issues in multilateral fora. 

The year 2020 marked the 45th anniversary of relations between the EU and Lao PDR. This provided 
a great opportunity to elevate the profile of EU’s cooperation in Laos, despite the challenges of the 
COVID-19 outbreak. 

On  1  August  2020,  the  EU-Vietnam  Free  Trade  Agreement  entered  into  force.  This  is  the  most 
comprehensive trade agreement the EU has concluded with a developing country. It takes fully into 
account  Vietnam's  development  needs  by  giving  Vietnam  a  longer,  10-year  period  to  eliminate  its 
duties on EU imports. At the same time, the trade agreement expresses the strong commitment of 
both sides to environment and social rights. 

At  the  inaugural  meeting  of  the  EU-Philippines  Joint  Committee,  the  EU  highlighted  its  common 
vision  with  the  Philippines  when  it  came  to  sustaining  peace  in  Mindanao  and  combatting 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

extremists,  improving  quality  of  life,  expanding  renewable  energy  access,  promoting  an  inclusive 
economy, sustainable development, environmental protection and developing a circular economy. 

4.3.1.3. Implementation 

The  implementation  of  projects  continued  effectively  in  all  countries  despite  sometimes  difficult 
circumstances. 

Joint  programming  documents  are  in  place  for  Cambodia  and  Laos,  both  with  established  joint 
monitoring  and  results  frameworks.  There  was  progress  in  proceeding  to  joint  analysis  in  Nepal. 
Roadmaps for joint programming were drafted in Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. 

The  EU  paid  budget  support  instalments  in  Bangladesh,  after  a  positive  review  of  progress  in  the 
primary education sector and the National Social Security Strategy. 

The  EU  continued  to  support  India’s  transition  to  upper  middle-income  status  in  a  carbon-friendly 
manner, including through the Partnership Instrument Action ‘EU - India Clean Energy and Climate 
Partnership’.  The  EU  also  continued  policy  exchange  in  the  framework  of  the  EU-China  Energy 
Cooperation  Platform  to  tackle  the  sheer  size  of  global  emissions  generated  by  the  largest  power 
market  in  the  world.  The  EU  also  supported  Bhutan’s  graduation  from  least  developed  country 
including its environmentally conscious social and economic growth priorities and the transition of 
Nepal  to  federalism  by  building  its  sub-national  capacities  and  supporting  the  rollout  of  national 
policies. 

In Pakistan, the EU focused on socio-economic recovery by strengthening macroeconomic resilience 
and stability.  

In  Sri  Lanka  and  the  Maldives,  the  EU  reacted  to  COVID-19  with  response  packages  focussed  on 
health, tourism and agriculture.  

In  South  and  Southeast  Asia,  several  programmes  were  adopted  related  to  nutrition,  sustainable 
growth,  peace  building,  education,  climate  change,  water  and  energy.  2020  saw  a  further 
improvement  and  acceleration  of  EU-Philippines  cooperation  with  the  signature  of  five  financing 
agreements.  In  Myanmar,  the  financing  agreement  for  the  Sector  Reform  Contract  on  Agriculture 
and Nutrition (EUR 112 million) was signed. 

In Vietnam, two financing decisions were adopted on the Sustainable Energy Transition Programme 
(EUR 142 million) and the Economic Governance Programme (EUR 18 million). 

The  EU  Delegation  to  Lao  PDR  coordinated  the  Team  Europe  in-country  response  to  COVID-19, 
amounting  to  EUR  80  million.  The  Team  Europe  response  to  the  COVID-19  crisis  in  Cambodia 
amounted to EUR 443 million with the EU being the largest contributor with EUR 111 million. 

Also,  the  Partnership  Instrument  funded  the  International  Urban  Cooperation  Programme:  several 
city pairings have been supported between EU cities and cities from Japan and India. 

Erasmus+ supported students and staff mobility, full degree scholarships for Erasmus Mundus joint 
Masters  degree  students,  and  capacity  building  for  higher  education.  In  2020,  over  3  500  Asian 
students,  researchers  and  university  staff  were  provided  with  the  opportunity  under  Erasmus+  to 
study or teach in another European higher education institution, while over 2 400 Europeans went 
to  Asia.  More  than  680  Asian  students  have  been  awarded  a  scholarship  to  pursue  an  Erasmus 
Mundus Joint Master Degree.  

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Countries  from  the  region  have  also  participated  in  44  new  Capacity  Building  in  Higher  Education 
Projects. In the field of youth, 38 new Erasmus+ Capacity building projects in the field of youth have 
been funded in 2020, supporting 78 organisations.  

CASE STUDY 

Education in Cambodia 

Context 

The EU is one of the biggest donors in the education sector in Cambodia. This includes a large budget 
support component. 

Objectives 

The objective is to support a safe reopening of schools after the long pandemic-induced closure. This 
will also contribute to encouraging children to go back to school to counter the increasing level of 
dropouts. 

Results 

As well as the COVID response, the education budget support has further supported the country’s 
education sector and has  contributed to reinforcing the  capacity of the Ministry of Education. The 
policy  dialogue  remains  solid.  In  addition,  the  partnership  under  Education  Capacity  Development 
Partnership Fund (CDPF –  EUR 27 million pool-fund supported  by EU  (50 %), SIDA, USAID and GPE 
and managed by UNICEF) continued its support to technical departments and subnational offices of 
the  Ministry  for  the  implementation  of  its  major  reforms.  The  country  is  also  one  of  the  main 
beneficiaries  of  Erasmus  Plus  support  in  capacity  building  in  higher  education.  This  significantly 
complements the EU’s cooperation portfolio. 

The EU, its Member States and the EDFIs have worked closer than ever in South Asia to improve the 
collective  capacity  to  recover  from  the  COVID-19  crisis.  They  have  joined  forces  in  Team  Europe 
initiatives  in  a  way  that  is  sustainable,  human-rights-based,  inclusive,  green,  digital,  and  which 
strengthens  gender  equality  and  boosts  human  development.  These  TEIs  align  with  the  policy 
priorities of the Commission, and particularly with regard to the Green Deal, Jobs and Growth, and 
STI and Digital transformation. 

In December 2020, the EU and ASEAN elevated their relationship to a Strategic Partnership, building 
on  a  long-standing,  dynamic  and  broad-based  cooperation.  On  this  occasion,  Commissioner 
Urpilainen  presented  the  EUR  20  million  South-East  Asia  Pandemic  Response  and  Preparedness 
programme,  which  is  part  of  the  EU's  EUR  350  million  solidarity  response  to  support  our  ASEAN 
partners  in  tackling  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  The  EU  and  ASEAN  also  adopted  a  Joint  Ministerial 
Statement on Connectivity, reaffirming their joint commitment to promote connectivity within and 
between  ASEAN  and  the  EU.  Earlier  in  the  year,  the  Commissioner  opened  the  2nd  ASEAN-EU 
Dialogue on Sustainable Development which provided a platform to discuss and take stock of joint 
priority areas.  

The  European  Commission  also  adopted  a  New  Pact  on  Migration  and  Asylum.  Afghanistan, 
Bangladesh,  Iraq  and  Pakistan  are  considered  as  priority  countries  for  the  migration  partnerships. 

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The  EU  approach  targets  poverty  and  inclusive  growth,  thereby  addressing  root  causes  of  fragility 
and  migration.  Activities  aimed  both  at  improving  the  reintegration  of  returnees  in  Afghanistan, 
Bangladesh  and  Pakistan  (approximately  EUR  97  million),  and  at  providing  a  comprehensive 
response to the challenges of migration and forced displacement (approximately EUR 215 million). 
EUR  35  million  was  also  allocated  to  support  Rohingya  refugees  in  Bangladesh,  Cox’s  Bazar,  and 
respond to the COVID-19 crisis.  

The EU remains a committed partner to peace and development in Afghanistan. At the 2020 Geneva 
Conference,  the  EU  pledged  EUR  1.2  billion  in  development,  humanitarian  and  crisis  response 
assistance for the period 2021 to 2024. This continues the high level of support from the previous 
programming  cycles  while  making  this  support  linked  to  Afghanistan’s  continued  commitment  to 
democracy,  the  rule  of  law,  human  rights,  and  gender  equality.  The  EU  continued  its  support  to 
community-based  development  through  the  provision  of  basic  services  and  adopted  a  decision  to 
support  the  electrification  of  the  northernmost  region  of  Badakhshan,  with  clean  energy.  The  EU 
also  continued  efforts  to  mainstream  women’s  rights  and  to  address  their  needs  across  all  EU-
funded actions. The EU also provided active support to human rights defenders and reinforced the 
dialogue with civil society. It also maintained its efforts to support the sustainable reintegration of 
returning migrants, refugees and internally displaced persons.  

Overall, the EU supported Afghanistan during the COVID-19 outbreak through a total of almost EUR 
150 million to tackle the epidemic and address the health and socio-economic impacts of the crisis. 

4.3.1.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

The Afghan crisis (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran) 

Afghanistan is exposed to one of the deadliest conflicts worldwide and suffers a massive food crisis. 
17  million  people  live  in  areas  highly  affected  by  conflict,  and  3.4  million  are  internally  displaced. 
There  are  some  10  million  Afghan  refugees  worldwide,  most  of  whom  are  hosted  by  Iran  and 
Pakistan.  In  the  three  countries,  the  gap  between  needs  and  available  resources  has  widened  and 
has  been  compounded  by  COVID-19.  In  Iran,  an  increased  pressure  from  US  sanctions  has  had 
consequences  for  the  civilian  population,  such  as  limiting  access  to  basic  services.  Pakistan’s  food 
insecurity and malnutrition crisis remained beyond emergency levels. In addition, natural disasters 
affected the three countries. In Afghanistan, EUR 69 million was allocated to life-saving humanitarian 
aid, with a focus on emergency response and trauma care. In Iran and Pakistan, the EU continued to 
assist Afghan refugees as well as the most vulnerable local populations with approximately EUR 60.9 
million in humanitarian aid, focusing on education, WASH, food security and livelihoods, shelter and 
preparation for winter, protection and  health. In November 2020, the international conference on 
Afghanistan  raised  some  USD  2.35  billion  over  2021-2024,  and  the  European  Commission  co-
organised  a  side-event  on  Humanitarian  Assistance,  International  Humanitarian  Law  (IHL)  and 
Protection of Civilians, reaffirming the centrality of IHL. 

Rohingya Crisis (Myanmar, Bangladesh and South-East Asia region)  

Systematic discrimination and targeted violence have pushed the Rohingya population of Myanmar 
to flee to Bangladesh and other neighbouring countries. About 900 000 stateless refugees reside in 
Cox’s Bazar (Bangladesh), of which a majority live in a congested mega-camp, completely reliant on 
humanitarian  aid.  Their  presence  has  had  an  enormous  impact  on  the  host  communities  in  Cox’s 

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Bazar and put considerable pressure on the environment. About 600 000 Rohingyas live in Rakhine 
State in Myanmar under dire conditions, some of them in confinement camps, being fully dependent 
on humanitarian assistance. In 2020, the EU organised the 6th EU-Myanmar Human Rights Dialogue 
with a focus on humanitarian access and camps closure, and also co-organised a Rohingya Donors 
Conference  raising  about  USD  600  million.  The  EU  provided  EUR  56.5  million  in  humanitarian 
assistance to the Rohingya crisis for basic healthcare, water, sanitation, shelter, nutrition, education, 
protection, psychosocial support and disaster risk reduction. 

Philippines 

Mindanao  in  the  Philippines  has  endured  long-standing  internal  conflicts  between  government 
armed  forces  and  different  non-state  armed  groups.  An  estimated  300  000  people  needed 
humanitarian assistance (including IDPs and returnees), to which the EU has provided assistance for 
emergency  shelters,  WASH  services,  health,  food  and  non-food  items,  and  education.  In  addition, 
the Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world and is frequently affected by 
typhoons, volcanic eruptions, monsoon rains, landslides, drought and earthquakes. In 2020, the EU 
allocated EUR 2.5 million of humanitarian assistance to conflict-affected people in Mindanao. 

Disasters Preparedness and Response 

In  2020,  the  EU  consolidated  the  achievements  of  previous  Disaster  Preparedness  interventions, 
mainly  in  Bangladesh,  Myanmar,  the  Philippines,  Nepal,  and  through  regional  initiatives  in  the 
ASEAN countries. A total of EUR 12 million was allocated for this purpose. Given the high exposure of 
the  Asia-Pacific  region  to  natural  disasters,  the  Commission  continued  in  2020  to  monitor  the 
situation and provided emergency assistance when national and local capacities were overwhelmed. 
24 emergency operations were implemented for a total of EUR 10.1 million. 

4.3.1.5. Crisis response and preparedness  

In  Afghanistan,  the  new  Afghanistan  Peace  Mechanism  initiated  in  2019  to  follow-up  on  EU 
commitments to help make the peace process more inclusive was continued through a second phase 
initiated at the end of 2020. The mechanism supports formal and informal talks with the emphasis 
on  the  process  remaining  Afghan-led  and  Afghan-owned  while  making  efforts  to  ensure  the 
involvement of local, regional and international stakeholders to create broad consensus on peace. In 
line with the EU offer to help make the process inclusive, the Mechanism puts particular emphasis 
on  engagement  with  Afghan  civil  society  throughout  the  country  at  local  or  regional  level.  This 
includes  specific  attention  to  women’s  rights  groups  and  associations  to  ensure  women’s  active 
participation in framing and defining a future peace agreement. In addition, a new action focuses on 
the  dissemination  of  reliable  factual  information  about  COVID-19  to  conflict  prone  areas  in 
Afghanistan,  including  through  engagement  with  armed  groups.  Another  regional  initiative  is 
covering  conflict-affected  parts  of  South  Asia  to  help  counter  disinformation  and  to  strengthen 
community resilience to the negative impact of COVID-19.  

The IcSP support to adolescents and youth as agents of change for peace in Rohingya refugee camps 
in Bangladesh also continued with a second phase, as was the regional initiative on the prevention of 
violent extremism in Southeast Asia. 

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4.3.2.  Central Asia 

4.3.2.1. Introduction (Policy developments) 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  had  a  serious  socio-economic  impact  in  all  Central  Asia  countries  and  in 
most of them the response to it dominated the political agenda throughout the year. 

In  response  to  the  pandemic  Kazakhstan  declared  a  state  of  emergency  in  March.  The  authorities 
introduced direct support to firms and financial support to poor households and affected individuals. 
Despite  the  challenges,  Kazakhstan  continued  its  modernisation  and  reform  agenda.  The  EU-
Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement entered into force on 1 March 2020. 
In  May,  President  Tokayev  signed  laws  on  public  assemblies,  elections  and  political  parties,  which 
have  drawn  criticism  from  the  OSCE/DIHR  and  human  rights’  groups.  In  September,  President 
Tokayaev announced a new stage of reforms, in particular on law enforcement, the judicial system 
and prioritising human rights and established a Supreme Council for Reforms. Kazakhstan signed the 
2nd  Optional  Protocol  to  the  International  Covenant  on  Civil  and  Political  Rights  that  entirely 
abolishes the death penalty in law and in practice. Since the state of emergency, civil rights activists 
in Kazakhstan have been under mounting pressure as the authorities impose even stricter controls. 

The  political  landscape  of  the  Kyrgyz  Republic  was  dominated  by  the  uprisings  that  followed  the 
parliamentary elections of October and the cancellation of their results, which eventually led to the 
resignation  of  President  Jeenbekov.  Mr  Japarov  was  appointed  acting  Prime  Minister  and  acting 
President  on  16  October.  COVID-19  had  a  severe  socio-economic  impact  on  the  country.  Border 
tensions  with  Tajikistan  persisted,  with  a  few  violent  incidents  a  reminder  of  the  fragility  of  some 
border areas.  

On  1  March,  Tajikistan  conducted  elections  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Parliament,  where  the 
People’s  Democratic  Party,  led  by  President  Rahmon,  took  the  majority  of  the  seats.  Presidential 
elections on 11 October concluded with an undisputed re-election of the incumbent President. They 
took place within an environment tightly controlled by state authorities and characterised by long-
standing  restrictions  on  fundamental  rights  and  freedoms,  including  of  association,  assembly, 
expression,  and  the  media.  The  COVID-19  crisis  had  a  significant  impact  on  the  economy  through 
trade  disruptions,  lower  remittances  and  lower  commodity  prices.  After  having  acknowledged  the 
threat  of  the  pandemic  rather  late,  the  government  has  taken  support  measures  for  the  private 
sector and households.  

Although the government officially denied the existence of any COVID-19 cases in Turkmenistan, the 
pandemic had an impact on all areas of the economy, including its strategic oil and gas industry. The 
country experienced shortages of subsidised food products and of foreign and domestic currency. It 
remained politically stable thanks to a sophisticated system of internal security, fear and repression, 
non-existence of domestic opposition and suppression of any call for a change. The worrying human 
rights  situation  was  further  exacerbated  by  worsening  living  standards.  In  September,  the 
constitution was amended to a bicameral parliament. Turkmenistan continued to pursue a policy of 
neutrality and celebrated in December the 25th anniversary of its permanent neutrality status. 

2020  saw  the  formation  of  a  new  government  in  Uzbekistan  following  parliamentary  and  local 
elections  in  December  2019  and  January  2020.  While  the  new  intake  of  parliamentarians  included 
many younger legislators, and more women, selected to stand as candidates in a nod to President 
Mirziyoyev’s reformist intentions, continuity is the  key feature of this government with  most chief 

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ministers, including the Prime Minister, staying unchanged. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic 
dominated  Uzbekistan’s  political  agenda,  however  the  President  and  his  government  were 
nevertheless  able  to  take  forward  their  reforms  with  a  focus  in  the  agricultural  sector,  which  has 
strong EU support through a budget support programme. Negotiations with the EU on an Enhanced 
Partnership  and  Cooperation  Agreement  made  good  progress.  Uzbekistan  also  applied  to  join  the 
EU’s Generalised System of Preferences (GSP+). 

4.3.2.2. Working towards the SDGs 

EU  funded  actions  across  the  region  continued  to  address  a  wide  range  of  SDGs  in  line  with  the 
multiannual indicative programmes at country and regional level and the new EU strategy on Central 
Asia. All Central Asian countries could benefit from the regional programme, including the regional 
response to the COVID-19 crisis. 

The EU approved two new bilateral programmes for cooperation with Kyrgyzstan (SDGs 4, 5, 9, 10 
and 16): Justice for All: Mainstreaming People Centred Reform in the Justice Sector (EU contribution 
EUR  11.6  million),  and  Digitalisation  Sector  Reform  Performance  Contract  in  the  Kyrgyz  Republic 
(EUR  21.76  million).  In  addition,  in  April  2020,  the  EU  announced  a  EUR  36  million  crisis  response 
package to assist Kyrgyzstan’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.  

In Tajikistan the EU approved three programmes, totalling EUR 112.2 million, addressing SDG 3, 4, 5, 
6,  16  and  17.  EUR  48  million  of  this  overall  package  was  allocated  for  COVID-19  support.  These 
actions will strengthen Tajikistan’s primary healthcare and infection prevention and control systems, 
improve  water,  sanitation  and  hygiene  standards  in  schools,  and  strengthen  distance  learning 
preparedness.  

In  Uzbekistan  two  new  actions  were  approved.  The  first  of  these,  EU  Budget  Support  to  the 
Agriculture  sector  in  the  Republic  of  Uzbekistan  (EUR  40  million),  was  the  first  ever  EU  budget 
support action in Uzbekistan (SDG 2 and 8). The second action (EUR 2.2 million) contributes to the 
fight  against  the  pandemic  through  procurement  of  medical  supplies  and  personal  protective 
equipment. 

The Partnership Instrument has supported actions underpinning the EU strategy for China, such as 
the  establishment  of  a  national  emission-trading  scheme,  environmental  governance,  wildlife 
protection,  water  management,  and  actions  on  energy,  notably  power  market  reform  and 
integration  of  renewables,  as  well  as  ocean  governance.  It  also  contributed  to  strengthen  the 
bilateral dialogue, namely on migration and mobility, decent employment and social protection, and 
product safety for consumer protection.  

The first ever EU Budget Support programme in Mongolia aims to foster reforms in the employment 
sector and public finance management (total budget of EUR 50.8 million). It addresses SDG 1, 4, 5, 8, 
9 and 16. In the scope of the COVID-19 response, the EU mobilised EUR 37.5 million in grants, both 
to strengthen the health sector and to mitigate socio-economic impacts. 

The Regional Programme launched a Rule of Law Programme (EUR 8 million), implemented by the 
Council of Europe, which aims to reinforce the rule of law, good governance, democracy and human 
rights (SDG 5, 8 and 16). Two other programmes were also approved to support intra-regional and 
international trade and entrepreneurship in particular Small and Medium Enterprises, totalling EUR 
25 million (SDG 5, 8, 10, 12 and 17). The disruption of trade caused by the pandemic gave particular 
relevance  to  these  programmes.  In  the  energy  sector,  the  Sustainable  Energy  Connectivity  for 

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Central  Asia  programme  (EUR  8  million)  will  serve  as  the  first  vehicle  to  support  the  EU's  regional 
policy dialogue on sustainable energy targets (SDG 7).  

In  direct  response  to  the  COVID-19  crisis,  the  EU  was  able  through  special  measures  to  rapidly 
initiate a EUR 4 million programme, implemented by the WHO, to directly address the impact of the 
pandemic on health systems. The programme addresses SDG 3 and has a broad approach, including 
information  and  awareness  raising,  national  planning,  surveillance  and  monitoring  capacity, 
pharmaceutical,  laboratory  and  hospital  capacity.  The  general  capacity  and  systems  strengthening 
will also improve the preparedness of these countries to address future pandemics. 

4.3.2.3. Implementation  

Working better together is the European approach for development cooperation to add value to the 
EU as a whole in terms of policy dialogue, technical and financial support. While in some countries in 
Central  Asia  work  is  ongoing  for  preparing  joint  programming  strategies,  the  EU  and  its  Member 
states, and the EDFIs have worked more closely than ever, in a Team Europe approach, to improve 
collective  capacity  to  recover  from  the  COVID-19  crisis  in  a  way  that  is  sustainable,  human  rights 
based,  inclusive,  green,  digital,  and  which  strengthens  gender  equality  and  boosts  human 
development.  This  vision  was  translated  in  the  co-creation  of  three  preliminary  Team  Europe 
Initiatives  aligned  with  the  policy  priorities  of  the  Commission,  and  particularly  with  regard  to  the 
Green Deal and Job and Growth. 

Erasmus+ supported students and staff mobility, full degree scholarships for Erasmus Mundus joint 
Masters degree students, and capacity building for higher education. In 2020, over 850 Central Asian 
students,  researchers  and  university  staff  were  provided  with  the  opportunity  under  Erasmus+  to 
study  or  teach  in  another  European  higher  education  institution,  while  360  Europeans  went  to 
Central  Asia.  Around  80  Central  Asian  students  have  been  awarded  a  scholarship  to  pursue  an 
Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree. 

Countries  from  the  region  have  also  participated  in  30  new  Capacity  Building  in  Higher  Education 
Projects.  In  the  field  of  youth,  four  new  Erasmus+  Capacity  building  projects  in  the  field  of  youth 
have been funded in 2020, supporting seven organisations.  

Team Europe Initiative in Mongolia – Support to sustainable natural resources’ management and 
value chain 

This  initiative  responds  to  the  Commission  priorities  and  those  jointly  identified  with  the  EU  and 
several  Member  States  in  the  framework  of  the  joint  programming  exercise  and  has  found  the 
interest  in  participation  of  two  development  financial  institutions.  The  overall  TEI  objective  is  to 
support  transitioning  to  a  greener  economy  where  rural  development,  jobs  creation  and  income 
generation  builds  on  agricultural  production,  strengthened  value  chains,  and  exports  through 
enhanced and sustainable natural resources management.  

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4.3.2.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

After  closing  its  disaster  preparedness  operations  in  Central  Asia  in  2018,  the  EU  humanitarian 
assistance  to  Central  Asia  supports  the  response  to  natural  disasters  through  small  scale 
interventions,  such  as  in  Tajikistan  for  the  floods  of  June  2020,  where  EUR  80  000  was  allocated 
through the IFRC Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). 

In  response  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  in  the  region,  the  EU  humanitarian  assistance  contributed 
EUR 500 000 through UNICEF in Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan and Uzbekistan for health and WASH (water, 
sanitation and hygiene) support. 

4.3.2.5. Crisis response and preparedness  

Actions through the IcSP continue to contribute to regional stability in Central Asia and, in particular, 
support actions intended to prevent violent extremism and to support stability, social cohesion, as 
well  as  cross-border  dialogue,  directly  implementing  the  priorities  set  in  the  new  EU  strategy  on 
Central  Asia.  The  on-going  regional  action  on  disinformation  was  reinforced  to  also  address  the 
disinformation challenges linked to the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, the first CBSD action in Central 
Asia was launched in cooperation with the OSCE to improve capacity for border control in Tajikistan 
on the border with Afghanistan. 

4.3.3.  Middle East/Gulf region  

4.3.3.1. Introduction (Policy developments) 

Iraq: EU and Iraq further strengthened bilateral relations through the implementation of the EU-Iraq 
Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA). The EU-Iraq Political Dialogue was hosted by the EU 
in January and focused on domestic developments in Iraq, bilateral relations and regional matters. 
This  was  followed  by  constructive  engagements  in  the  PCA  Subcommittee  on  Human  Rights  and 
Democracy  in  September,  and  the  Subcommittee  on  Trade  in  December.  At  political  level,  the  EU 
HRVP  Borrell  received  the  Iraqi  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  in  September,  which  allowed  the  EU  to 
reaffirm  its  political  priorities  and  support.  In  parallel,  the  EU  continued  to  work  on  various  areas 
such  as  governance,  human  capital,  reconstruction,  human  rights,  migration,  employment 
opportunities,  socio-economic  reforms,  dialogue  reconciliation,  stabilisation,  accountability  for 
Da’esh crimes (UNITAD) and civilian security sector reform (notably through the ongoing EU Advisory 
Mission/EUAM,  whose  mandate  was  extended  in  2020  and  the  IcSP).  Following  the  extraordinary 
Foreign Affairs Council (FAC) on 10 January 2020 and the decision to reinforce the EU's engagement 
with Iraq and the region, the EU also continued its support for stability and prosperity in Iraq and the 
region,  including  through  its  support  to  the  Global  Coalition  against  Da’esh.  In  addition,  a  first 
meeting  of  the  Iraq  Economic  Contact  Group  (IECG)  was  held  in  October  to  assist  Iraq  with 
international expertise on its economic reform path. 

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Negotiation efforts headed by US and Kuwait in 2020 led to the 
normalisation of relations among GCC members in early January 2021, marking the end of the Gulf 
rift  that  had  been  ongoing  since  2017.  This  significant  breakthrough  offers  an  unprecedented 
opportunity for regional de-escalation, to revive EU-GCC cooperation, including on FTA negotiations, 
and resume full EU-GCC institutional engagement.  

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In June 2020, EU organised the 29th session of the EU-GCC  Joint Cooperation Committee - almost 
three years after the last JCC was held. A noteworthy step to restart dialogue with GCC on areas of 
mutual  interest  (development  coordination,  trade  relations,  macroeconomic  dialogue,  energy, 
climate,  digital  transformation  and  counterterrorism)  as  well  as  to  discuss  common  challenges 
stemming  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  Along  with  the  region-to-region  cooperation,  the  EU 
continued  engaging  bilaterally  with  GCC  countries  through  the  non-binding  cooperation 
arrangements. 

A  Senior  Officials  Meeting  (SOM)  was  held  with  Kuwait  (June).  Negotiations  with  the  Ministries  of 
Foreign Affairs of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia to conclude Cooperation Arrangements with EEAS were 
finalised.  

The informal Human Rights Dialogue with Kuwait was launched, and the first meeting took place in 
February 2020. During the same month, the EEAS and UAE held the 9th working group of the Human 
Rights Dialogue. Negotiations with Saudi Arabia for the same purpose concluded and, following the 
Council’s  endorsement  of  the  Terms  of  Reference  for  the  EU-KSA  Human  Rights  Dialogue, 
preparatory activities to organise a first meeting in 2021 started.  

Preparations continued for the EU participation in the Dubai EXPO 2020 that was postponed to 2021 
due to the COVID-19 outbreak. 

Yemen:  The  EU  works  on  all  pillars  of  the  peace-development-humanitarian  nexus.  Hence,  the  EU 
has continued to work with and support the UN and engage with all parties in Yemen for a political 
solution to the crisis. The EU has continued to work to establish an Economic Platform to promote 
practical  policy  measures  to  revive  the  crippled  economy  and  has  co-organised  two  Senior 
Humanitarian Officials Meetings which have enhanced coordination, advocacy and monitoring. The 
EU  continues  to  be  a  major  provider  of  both  development,  peace  building  and  humanitarian 
assistance.  EU  support  to  The  United  Nations  Verification  and  Inspection  Mechanism  for  Yemen 
(UNVIM),  mine  action  and  the  Yemeni  Coast  Guard  have  been  critical  to  ensure  a  continued 
operation of the port of Hodeida. Women’s rights are vigorously promoted by the EU. Moreover, the 
EU engages actively in the area of Children in Armed Conflict. In the summer of 2020, to address the 
additional  challenges  posed  by  COVID-19,  the  EU  organised  a  Humanitarian  Air  Bridge  and  a 
dedicated  COVID-19  response  measure  was  adopted  in  June  2020  to  specifically  support  maternal 
and new-born health in the context of the health crisis.  

4.3.3.2. Working towards the SDGs  

The Commission’s activities in Iraq comprise a series of multi-sector and multi-stakeholder measures 
focusing  on  sustained  improvements  in  governance,  fostering  fair  and  sustainable  employment 
opportunities  and  building  a  solid  human  capital.  The  EU’s  integrated  approach  contributes  to 
promoting progress towards SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health), SDG 4 
(quality education), SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 7 (affordable 
and  clean  energy),  SDG  8  (decent  work  and  economic  growth),  SDG  9  (infrastructure),  SDG  10 
(reduced  inequalities),  SDG  11  (sustainable  cities  and  communities),  SDG  16  (peace,  justice  and 
strong institutions), and SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals). 

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The conflict in Yemen has resulted in a deep humanitarian crisis but it has also undermined human 
development, reversing hard-won progress on the SDGs and setting back development by more than 
47  years161.  The  EU  has  mobilised  its  development  assistance  towards  the  preservation  of 
functioning local institutions, basic services and economic activity in order to preserve the social and 
economic  fabric  of  Yemen.  Through  an  integrated  approach,  the  EU  supports  actions  towards  the 
prevention  of  hunger,  eradication  of  poverty  and  provision  of  quality  basic  services,  including 
healthcare,  education,  clean  water  and  sanitation,  as  well  as  affordable  and  clean  energy.  In 
addition, gender equality and peace objectives are mainstreamed across EU development actions.  

Iran  does  not  participate  in  the  Voluntary  National  Review  process.  The  Sustainable  Development 
Report 2020 is the only source indicating Iran’s progress towards SDGs. However, the 2030 Agenda 
and SDGs are to a large extent integrated in the country’s Sixth Five-year Development Plan (2017-
2021). SDG 4 (Quality Education) remains the only achieved SDG. A positive trend is noted in terms 
of  SDG  9  (Industry,  Innovation  and  Infrastructure)  and  SDG  17  (Partnerships  for  SDGs).  Major 
challenges  remain  in  achieving  SDG  2  (Hunger),  SDG  5  (Gender  Equality),  SDG  6  (Clean  Water  and 
Sanitation), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG 16 
(Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions). 

In  Gulf  countries,  cooperation  with  the  EU  through  the  EU-GCC  (Gulf  Cooperation  Council)  Clean 
Energy network and the EU-GCC Economic diversification dialogue has continued to address SDG 7 
(Affordable  and  Clean  Energy)  and  SDG  8  (Decent  Work  and  Economic  Growth).  There  are  intense 
cooperation  and  dialogue  at  technical  and  political  levels  under  these  two  projects  towards 
achievement of these SDGs.  

In December 2020, the Commission launched a new ambitious project to enhance EU-GCC political 
dialogue,  cooperation  and  outreach.  This  project  will  support  activities  and  dialogues  in  direct 
relation  to  SDG  5  (Gender  Equality)  and  SDG  10  (Reduced  Inequality)  but  also  SDG  16  as 
strengthening of judicial cooperation between the EU and Gulf countries is foreseen. 

4.3.3.3. Implementation 

In  response  to  the  current  and  past  challenges  in  Iraq,  the  European  Commission  adopted  two 
Special  Measures  to  respond  to  the  needs  of  the  most  vulnerable,  to  mitigate  the  socio-economic 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide support to democratic governance.  

The  EU  and  its  Member  States  coordinated  and  cooperated  closely.  2020  saw  the  continuation  of 
the  process  towards  joint  programming  under  the  working  better  together  approach.  In  the 
framework  of  the  preparation  of  the  EU  response  to  the  COVID-19  crisis,  there  was  a  strong 
coordination with Member States to put in place a coordinated and synergistic support scheme for 
Iraq that makes use of the various EU and Member State’ mechanisms.  

Five joint analyses on key development sectors (economics, education, agriculture, gender, and civil 
society) with a pronounced shared interest were finalised and approved in 2020 as a framework for 
agreed joint action. In addition, the EU and Member States have identified a Team Europe Initiative 
in the field of inclusive socio-economic perspectives for Iraq. This Team Europe Initiative  has been 

161  UNDP  Report  on  the  impact  of  war  on  human  development  and  SDG  attainment  in  Yemen,  more 
information  here:https://www.ye.undp.org/content/yemen/en/home/library/assesing-the-impact-of--war-on-
development-in-yemen-SDGs.html.  

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developed  within  the  framework  of  joint  programming  and  the  working  better  together  approach 
and is based on the first joint sector analysis.  

With  an  ongoing  envelope  of  EUR  347.3  million,  the  EU  is  among  the  leading  development 
contributors in Yemen. Development actions are designed based on a shared context analysis with 
humanitarian and political services, to ensure a coherent EU integrated approach to the conflict.  

So  far,  the  Commission’s  sizeable  development  assistance  has  supported  the  resilience  of  the 
Yemeni  population  and  helped  prevent  state  institutions  from  collapsing.  This  approach  was 
reinforced in 2020 with the adoption a special measure in support of local authorities, which aims to 
improve  basic  service  delivery  across  the  country.  In  addition,  in  2020  the  EU  mobilised  dedicated 
support  to  the  ailing  health  sector  in  Yemen  in  response  to  the  onset  of  COVID-19.  This  measure 
targets the provision of maternal and new-born health in a pandemic context.  

In  2020,  in  the  framework  of  programming  of  EU  external  action  under  the  new  Multiannual 
Financial  Framework  (MFF),  the  EU  conducted  consultations  between  services  and  Member  States 
towards the preparation of a medium-term development strategy for Yemen to guide development 
actions. 

The European Commission continued its extensive engagement in the field of supporting more than 
three million Afghan nationals in Iran through both UN agencies and international NGOs. Specifically, 
this  work  focuses  on  health,  education,  creation  of  livelihoods  as  well  as  civil  documentation  and 
positively contributed to achieving SDGs 2, 6, 8 and 16. 

Further,  in  2020  the  Commission  launched  three  large  projects.  One  is  technically  assisting  Iran’s 
Ministry of Energy and Department of Environment in the areas of water management, air quality, waste 
management and maritime management. The other aims to create livelihoods for border Iranian and 
Afghan populations in the Hamoun wetlands region by addressing the issues of water and dust storms. 
These two projects constitute a strategic engagement that contributes to achieving environmental and 
climate  change  SDGs  where  significant  challenges  remain.  The  third  project  focuses  on  enhancing 
resilience of children, youth and women and contributes to achieving SDG 5 and 10. 

After  supporting  Iran’s  Ministry  of  Industry,  Mine  and  Trade  in  developing  Iran’s  National  Export 
Strategy, 2020 provided fresh impetus to the EU-Iran Trade Development project.  

Although the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) led to the lifting of all EU economic and 
financial  sanctions  imposed  in  connection  with  the  Iranian  nuclear  programme,  a  number  of  EU 
sanctions  concerning  Iran  remain  in  force.  Some  of  these  are  related  to  serious  human  rights 
violations162, while others concern the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction163. In line with 
its  commitment  to  the  JCPOA,  the  EU  has  developed  the  Due  Diligence  Helpdesk  on  EU  Sanctions 
and  the  EU  Sanctions  Tool,  two  online  platforms  where  EU  operators  can  obtain  the  necessary 
guidance to engage with confidence in business with Iranian counterparts. 

The pace and quality of implementation suffers from the lack of an EU Delegation in Tehran. 

Gulf countries: The EU GCC Clean Energy Network acts as a catalyst and facilitator for cooperation 
between the EU and GCC countries in the area of clean energy technologies and policies. The topics 

162 Council Decision 2011/235/CFSP; Council Regulation (EU) No 359/2011. 
163 Council Decision 2010/413/CFSP; Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012. 

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covered  under  this  project  are  renewable  energy  sources,  energy  efficiency  and  demand  side 
management,  clean  natural  gas  and  related  technologies,  electricity  interconnections  and  market 
integration,  carbon  capture,  usage  and  storage.  Climate  change  and  research  cooperation  are 
horizontal themes across these areas.  

The  project  on  Economic  diversification  dialogue  supports  the  implementation  of  the  economic 
diversification  strategies  in  the  Gulf  region  in  the  context  of  sustainable  development,  the  Paris 
agreement  on  climate  change  and  commitments  by  the  individual  countries  to  reduce  their 
greenhouse  gas  emissions.  Specific  initiatives  are  conducted  to  provide  EU  expertise,  exchange  of 
best practices and to create opportunities for environmental, technology and business cooperation 
in areas of common interest. 

In Middle East, Erasmus+ supported students and staff mobility, full degree scholarships for Erasmus 
Mundus  Joint  Masters  degree  students,  and  capacity  building  for  higher  education.  For  the  Gulf 
countries only Erasmus Mundus Master scholarships were available. 

In  2020,  over  600  students,  researchers  and  university  staff  from  Middle  East  were  provided  with 
the opportunity under Erasmus+ to study or teach in another European higher education institution, 
while 160 Europeans went to the region. More than 50 students from Middle East and the Gulf have 
been  awarded  a  scholarship  to  pursue  an  Erasmus  Mundus  Joint  Masters  Degree,  with  Iranians 
accounting for more than 80 % of the scholarships. 

Iran and Iraq have also participated in five new Capacity Building in Higher Education Projects. 

4.3.3.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

The Syria Crisis 

The Syria crisis, in its tenth year in 2020, continued  to cause massive displacement, casualties and 
tremendous  suffering  of  the  civilian  population,  with  more  than  11  million  people  in  need  of 
humanitarian  assistance  inside  the  country.  A  total  of  EUR  263  million  was  allocated  by  the 
Commission  to  support  the  most  vulnerable  impacted  by  this  crisis,  including  Syrian  refugees  in 
Lebanon and Jordan. This assistance contributed to the vital delivery of food, medicine, water, and 
shelter  items  for  millions  of  Syrians  directly  affected  and/or  internally  displaced  by  the  conflict.  In 
neighbouring Lebanon and Jordan, EU humanitarian funding has contributed to improving the living 
conditions of the most vulnerable refugee families, including in the sectors of health, protection and 
education as well as through cash assistance.  

Commission  departments  were  also  directly  involved  in  international  diplomatic  initiatives  such  as 
the  Conference  Supporting  the  Future  of  Syria  and  the  Region  in  Brussels  in  June  2020  and  the 
Humanitarian Task Force of the International Syria Support Group in Geneva organised a meeting at 
senior  officials  level  on  humanitarian  access  in  Syria, and  engaged  in  other  advocacy  efforts  to 
promote the respect of humanitarian principles and International Humanitarian Law.  

In  addition  to  coping  with  the  impact  of  the  Syria  crisis,  Lebanon  was  struck  by  a  devastating 
explosion in Beirut on 4 August 2020, and the Commission mobilised more than EUR 30 million for 
emergency humanitarian needs in the immediate aftermath of the blast.  

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Palestine 

In Palestine, the Commission provided EUR 22.7 million to assist and protect increasingly vulnerable 
civilians in Gaza exposed to conflict in a sharply deteriorating socio-economic environment, and to 
support the most vulnerable communities at risk of forced displacement and lacking access to basic 
services in the West Bank. Commission departments also continued to advocate for the respect of 
International Humanitarian Law in Gaza, East Jerusalem and the West Bank. 

Iraq 

In  2020,  Iraq  continued  facing  concurrent  crises  of  political,  security  and  socio-economic  nature, 
within  a  highly  unstable  context  exacerbated  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  Nearly  three  years  after 
the military defeat of the Islamic State group (Da’esh), 1.4 million people remain internally displaced 
and  nearly  1.8  million  are  in  acute  humanitarian  need.  The  Government  campaign  for  the  closure 
and consolidation of IDPs camps in Federal Iraq resumed in the last quarter of the year, after months 
of suspension, triggering significant secondary displacement to informal sites.  

With EUR 35 million in humanitarian funding, the Commission supported access to basic services for 
displaced populations living in camps and in informal sites outside camps, through cash assistance, 
water  and  hygiene  support,  health,  protection  and  legal  assistance.  Up  to  356  000  IDPs  benefited 
from the assistance, and 14 000 children were provided with basic education services in camps. In 
parallel, Commission departments provided COVID-19 emergency response country-wide supporting 
nine  COVID-19  referral  hospitals  and  64  health  facilities  in  camps  and  hard  to  reach  areas,  and 
providing equipment and drugs to front line partners.  

Yemen 

The  world’s  largest  humanitarian  crisis  has  further  deteriorated  in  2020  as  a  result  of  escalating 
conflict and a protracted economic blockade that has brought the country to a deep economic crisis 
and its services close to collapse. The situation was compounded by natural disasters and COVID-19. 
The conflict in Yemen and its disproportionate economic consequences on civilians are driving the 
largest  food  security  emergency  in  the  world.  With  an  alarming  24.3  million  people  in  need  of 
humanitarian  and/or  protection  assistance,  and  over  14  million  of  those  in  acute  need,  Yemen  is 
again confronted with famine-like conditions. A total of 13.5 million people (45 % of the population) 
are facing severe food insecurity (Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) Phase 3 and above), including 
16 500 people in IPC 5 (Famine). More than 4 million people are internally displaced. With EUR 891.7 
million  since  2015,  the  EU  is  one  of  the  major  contributors  of  humanitarian  aid  to  Yemen. 
Humanitarian  projects  funded  by  the  Commission  address  the  needs  of  populations  displaced  or 
directly  affected  by  the  conflict  as  well  as  critical  food  insecurity,  malnutrition  and  health 
requirements,  including  epidemics  preparedness  and  response  against  cholera  and  COVID-19. 
Humanitarian access has been shrinking and the operating environment continues to be extremely 
restricted, hindering a principled delivery of aid. Furthermore, humanitarian actors have suffered a 
significant reduction in funding, largely due to a drastic drop in humanitarian contributions from Gulf 
countries. These challenges are at the core of the humanitarian advocacy work of the Commission, 
who is playing a leading role among donors. In response to the deteriorating situation, an additional 
EUR  5  million  was  mobilised  in  December  2020,  bringing  the  total  EU  humanitarian  funding  for 
Yemen to EUR 119 million. 

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4.3.3.5. Crisis response and preparedness  

In Iraq, a new IcSP action will support efforts to organise transparent elections that respond to the 
legitimate  aspirations  of  the  Iraqi  population.  In  addition,  work  continued  to  support  the  essential 
process  of  accountability  for  the  crimes  of  Da’esh,  with  a  programme  with  the  UN  on  the 
digitalisation of evidence as well as on stabilisation and dialogue initiatives.  

In  Yemen,  stabilisation  efforts  and  the  peace  process  continue  to  be  supported  through  IcSP.  In 
response  to  the  Stockholm  agreement  at  the  end  of  2018,  the  IcSP  actions  provide  support  to 
mediation efforts and to the UN’s Peace Support Facility for Yemen as well as to specific initiatives 
such as the agreement concerning the port city of Hodeidah where the IcSP is used to support both 
the Yemeni coast guard and demining activities. 

4.3.4.  The Pacific 

4.3.4.1. Introduction (Policy developments)  

The  Pacific  region  is  home  to  around  12  million  people,  including  over  500  000  European  citizens. 
The EU has a long-standing engagement there as a major donor and a partner with a shared vision 
on  important  global  public  goods,  including  environment,  climate  change,  maritime  security  and 
cooperative regional order.  

The constructive EU engagement and  cooperation  continued in  2020 with particular focus on how 
the escalating strategic competition in the Pacific might affect regional cooperation and respect for 
international  law  and  multilateralism.  Combined  with  the  unique  challenges  the  region  is  facing 
(climate  change,  protection  of  the  environment,  sustainable  management  of  global  public  goods 
including fish stocks and the oceans, maritime security, and connectivity), it requires strong political 
engagement of all like-minded partners to support a cooperative regional order. During the year, the 
EU  held  high-level  political  dialogues  with  Samoa,  Fiji  and  Papua-New-Guinea,  focusing  on 
developing  more  political  and  strategic  relationships.  The  EU  also  supported  regional  integration, 
encouraging Pacific countries to speak and act as one and increasingly engage from region to region. 

Policy developments and engagements in 2020 were overshadowed by the outbreak of the COVID-
19 pandemic that strongly affected the vulnerable and heavily tourism-reliant economies of Pacific 
Island  Countries  (PICs)  and  their  fragile  health  sectors.  The  border  closures  and  travel  bans  to 
contain the spread of the virus had great socio-economic impacts, followed by the aftershocks of a 
global recession.  

While the EU’s external cooperation programmes under the 11th EDF continued to focus on regional 
economic integration, sustainable management of natural resources, and inclusive and accountable 
governance,  the  COVID-19  impact  triggered  an  EU-response  package  of  EUR  120  million  as  part  of 
the Team Europe approach: to help PICs cope with socio-economic impacts caused by the pandemic, 
budget  support  payments  (EUR  95  million)  were  advanced  and  EUR  25  million  redirected  from 
existing programmes and reserves to health-related activities.  

The  work  with  the  pre-programming  phase  for  the  2021-2027  Multiannual  Financial  Framework 
continued throughout the year in order to provide the basis for the finalisation of the programming 
in 2021. 

In 2020, the chief negotiators from the EU and the African, Caribbean, and Pacific states reached a 
political  deal  on  the  Post-Cotonou  Agreement.  The  future  Agreement  and  its  Pacific  Protocol  will 

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provide the framework to strengthen the EU-Pacific political partnership for the next two decades, 
with  increased  cooperation  on  important  issues  such  as  peace  and  security,  human  rights,  civil 
society,  democracy  and  elections,  climate  change,  connectivity,  good  tax  governance,  and  ocean 
governance. Economic and trade areas are also at the core of the Protocol. 

4.3.4.2. Working towards the SDGs  

Working better together is the European approach for development cooperation to add value to the 
EU as a whole in terms of policy dialogue, technical and financial support. Since the outbreak of the 
COVID-19 pandemic, the EU and its Member states, and the EDFIs, have worked closer than ever in a 
Team  Europe  approach,  to  improve  collective  capacity  to  react  and  to  deliver  with  greater  impact 
and visibility.  

Beyond the urgency, to respond to medium and longer-term development challenges, the European 
actors joined forces to support a recovery that is sustainable, human rights based, inclusive, green, 
digital,  strengthens  gender  equality  and  boosts  human  development.  This  vision  was  translated  in 
the co-creation of Team Europe Initiatives. 

4.3.4.3. Implementation 

During 2020, with regard to the Pacific region, three TEIs were preliminary identified; these will be 
further developed and confirmed in the course of 2021, in the framework of the 2021-27 MFF.  

Given  the  regional  context,  for  the  Pacific  preliminary  TEIs  main  policy  priority  area  relates  to  the 
Green  Deal,  but  also  address  other  important  values,  such  as  peace  and  stability  though  inclusive 
and more equal societies and job creation.  

Team Europe Initiative - Green Blue alliance for the Pacific 

The  Team  Europe  Initiative  Green  Blue  Alliance  for  the  Pacific  will  be  the  backbone  of  regional 
engagement in the Pacific. The key elements of this TEI address climate action across policies with 
attention to promote equal societies, fundamental values, human development and thus peace and 
security. The EU interest shows a preliminary commitment of several Member States, development 
agencies  and  EDFIs  to  achieve  a  transformative  impact.  This  Team  Europe  Initiative  may  also 
contribute to the EU’s action at international and multilateral meetings, such as COP26. 

Budget support proved to be a good modality for implementation of bilateral support in the Pacific 
Countries.  Only  in  four  countries  (Federated  States  of  Micronesia,  Niue,  Nauru  and  Palau),  budget 
support was not an option due to lack of capacity. 

In 2020, the COVID-19 situation obliged the EU to respond quickly to the economic downturn that 
the Pacific countries were facing. The socio-economic response was two-fold: reorienting funds from 
existing  programmes,  and  advancing  budget  support  payments.  Channelling  this  response  through 
budget  support  alleviated  the  macro  and  fiscal  situation  of  the  countries  and  territories  and 
supported  Pacific  Countries’  strategies  and  policies  to  address  the  impacts  of  the  unprecedented 
slow down by supporting jobs, SMEs, livelihoods and incomes. 

At  regional  level,  cooperation  continued  mainly  through  projects  implemented  by  regional  or 
international organisations. Good relations with the regional authorising officer allowed for a swift 
reorientation of funding from the investment facility towards the Joint Incident Management Team 

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supporting  the  health  services  in  the  Pacific  Island  states  to  address  urgent  needs  created  by  the 
COVID-19 outbreak. 

In Papua New Guinea (PNG), implementation of projects remained difficult due to the lack of good 
counterparts. An already slow delivery was further aggravated due to the impact of COVID-19. As no 
EU-Member State agencies are operating in PNG, a high percentage of the Delegation's geographic 
portfolio is implemented by International Organisations, often resulting in low visibility for the EU. 
Previous  attempts  to  move  to  budget  support  failed  due  to  the  absence  of  adequate  institutional 
capacity  and  policy  frameworks.  The  development  of  a  fully-fledged  and  budgeted  strategic 
framework  for  the  social,  law  and  order  sectors,  offered  a  unique  window  of  opportunity  to  join 
forces  to  address  good  governance  and  the  fight  against  corruption  in  support  of  a  responsive 
government. This resulted in a first Budget support programme for PNG signed in 2020. 

In  Timor-Leste,  the  budget  support  modality  was  a  major  part  of  the  EU’s  engagement  in  the 
country,  during  the  period  2014-2020.  The  EU  is  supporting  the  nutrition,  the  public  finance 
management and the decentralisation sectors. The EU COVID-19 response to Timor-Leste is twofold: 
strengthening the health systems and mitigation of the socio-economic impacts.  

The  health  response  is  implemented  both  through  the  WHO  programme  and  UN  awareness 
campaigns.  The  socio-economic  response  comes  from  the  reorientation  of  funds  from  existing 
programmes. 

CASE STUDY 

STREIT Programme in Papua New Guinea 

Context 

In Papua New Guinea, the EU’s Support to Rural Entrepreneurship, Investment and  Trade (STREIT) 
programme was launched in March 2020.  

Objectives 

It aims to  make the local economy stronger and more climate-resilient,  by empowering registered 
farmer  groups  and  improving  the  overall  investment  environment.  It  connects  hard  components 
(transport  infrastructure  and  energy  access)  with  soft  components  (financing,  training,  market 
access,  trade  and  other  value  chain  support  services),  facilitating  the  link  through  the  sustainable 
implementation of digital technologies, services and solutions.  

Results 

Although still young, the programme already delivered training to about 120 cocoa farmers and 432 
vanilla  farmers  (32  %  of  whom  are  women)  and  provided  more  than  10  000  farmers  with  over  60 
000  cocoa  seedlings  with  enhanced  pest  resistance.  The  monitoring  of  existing  cocoa  and  vanilla 
plantations is being improved through mapping and data collection. A video on the support to local 
cocoa  farmers  has  been  prepared  and  widely  distributed  on  social  media  and  showcased  at  high-
level  events.  Moreover,  the  support  resulted  in  an  agreement  signed  with  a  local  private  cocoa 
processing  company  committing  them  to  use  exclusively  smallholder-sourced  raw  materials 
provided by the project. 

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4.3.4.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

In  2020,  EU  humanitarian  interventions  in  the  Pacific  focused  on  the  provision  of  emergency 
response in case of major disasters and when the capacities of local authorities were overwhelmed. 
This was the case, for instance, in Vanuatu and Fiji following the Tropical Cyclones Harold and Yasa. 

Enlargement  

4.4. 
4.4.1.  Introduction (Policy developments)  

The  objective  of  the  Instrument  for  Pre-Accession  Assistance  (IPA)  II  is  to  help  beneficiaries  adopt 
and  implement  the  political,  institutional,  legal,  administrative,  social  and  economic  reforms 
required to comply with EU values and to align progressively with the EU’s rules, standards, policies 
and  practices,  with  a  view  to  becoming  members.  The  beneficiaries  are  Albania,  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey. In the period 2014–2020, 
the envelope for supporting preparation for accession as well as regional support and cross-border 
cooperation reached about EUR 12.8 billion.  

In 2020, which is the last year of programming under IPA II, 14 new IPA country programmes were 
adopted. These included eight annual action programmes, two special measures to support Bosnia 
and Herzegovina and Serbia in managing migration flows, two special measures to support Albania 
in  post-earthquake  recovery  and  reconstruction,  one  special  measure  to  support  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina  on  COVID-19  impact  mitigation  and  one  individual  measure  (support  to  the  Office  of 
the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina). The total operational commitments for IPA II in 
2020 amounted to around EUR 1.23 billion.  

As  regards  regional  programming,  last  year  four  annual  action  programmes  were  adopted,  one 
Support Measure for Technical Assistance for Cross-Border Cooperation Programmes 2020 and one 
Special Measure on EU regional support to COVID-19 SME recovery in the Western Balkans. There 
were  11  amendments  (substantial  and  non-substantial)  to  the  decisions  and  two  updates.  The 
amount committed was over EUR 476 million. 

The programmes adopted in 2020 are in line with the enlargement strategy, reinforced in February 
2020 through the enhanced enlargement methodology, and reflect the priorities stemming from the 
Western  Balkans  strategy  and  the  Sofia  priority  agenda.  However,  2020  was  marked  first  and 
foremost  by  the  devastating  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  The  EU,  while  being  seriously 
affected  itself  by  this  crisis,  has  provided  extensive  support  to  the  efforts  of  governments  outside 
the EU, and in the Western Balkans acted quickly and comprehensively to address those challenges. 
The  European  Union  mobilised  EUR  3.3  billion  of  unparalleled  financial  assistance  for  the  Western 
Balkans  to  address  the  immediate  needs  and  the  socio-economic  consequences  of  the  pandemic. 
This included almost EUR 900 million of IPA funds, which were reprogrammed in record time, EUR 
750 million of Macro-Financial Assistance and a EUR 1.7 billion from the European Investment Bank. 

Turkey  chose  not  to  request  the  redirection  of  EU  grant  funding  under  the  IPA  programme  or  the 
Facility  for  Refugees.  However,  under  existing  financial  commitments,  around  EUR  100  million  in 
contingencies and savings were mobilised for the COVID-19 response notably to mitigate the impact 
on  the  most  vulnerable.  Of  this,  around  EUR  60  million  is  being  mobilised  under  the  Facility  for 
Refugees.  Also,  Team  Europe  COVID-19  support  is  being  largely  channelled  through  European  and 
Member States’ financial institutions. 

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The  institution-building  tools  (TAIEX  and  Twinning)  actively  supported  the  IPA  countries  in  their 
bilateral  reform  processes.  In  2020,  TAIEX  organised  143  events  and  53  Twinning  projects  were 
ongoing. 

4.4.2.  Working towards the SDGs  

EU  assistance  in  the  region  contributes  to  several  SDGs.  The  IPA  focus  on  fundamentals  first 
contributes significantly to SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. At the same time, the 
re-programming efforts to respond to COVID-19 have dramatically increased the contribution to SDG 
3 on good health and well-being as well as to SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth. These 
actions  were  combined  with  the  continuation  of  sector  support  programmes  in  favour  of  health, 
education,  employment  and  social  policies,  which  targets  multiple  SDGs.  Finally,  substantial  IPA 
support for infrastructures, both at bilateral and regional levels, continued to support affordable and 
clean energy (SDG 7), environment and climate action (SDG 13), and innovation and industry (SDG 
9). 

4.4.3.  Implementation  

Albania  

The  EU is  the main contributor in Albania, providing an indicative EUR 758 million in assistance to 
support reforms in the period 2014–2020. The year 2020 was extraordinary in view of the COVID-19 
pandemic. The efforts to fight the impact of the pandemic were made in parallel to the work needed 
to respond to another major disaster: the strong earthquake of November 2019. One year after the 
earthquake,  the  EU  has  translated  its  EUR  115  million  earthquake  support  into  two  programmes 
reconstructing damaged education facilities and rehabilitating cultural heritage sites, helping Albania 
to recover from the shock and to increase resilience to future natural disasters. In response to the 
COVID-19 crisis, more than EUR 50 million was reprogrammed from existing programmes to support 
Albania  in  responding  to  the  urgent  medical  needs  and  socio-economic  impact  of  the  pandemic. 
Also, ongoing budget support programmes were frontloaded to allow for liquidity. At the same time, 
EU  assistance  has  continued  to  contribute  to  the  ability  of  the  country  to  deliver  on  key  reforms 
necessary  to  advance  on  the  European  path.  Significant  progress  has  been  made  especially  in  the 
field  of  justice  reform,  notably  in  the  vetting  of  judges  and  prosecutors,  and  in  supporting  the 
specialised structures against corruption and organised crime (SPAK and SPAK courts). 

Bosnia and Herzegovina  

The EU is the main donor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), providing an indicative EUR 530 million of 
assistance for the period 2014–2020. The year 2020 was characterised by the need to respond to the 
COVID-19  pandemic  and  to  the  ongoing  migration  crisis  which  was  further  complicated  by  the 
pandemic  and  turned  into  a  humanitarian  crisis  at  the  end  of  the  year  due  to  the  inaction  of  the 
relevant  BiH  authorities.  In  response  to  the  COVID-19,  the  Commission  reprogrammed  EUR  81.75 
million,  freeing  resources  for  urgent  medical  supplies  and  for  economic  recovery  under  the  saving 
lives and saving jobs operations. To guarantee the continued provision of services to asylum seekers 
and  migrants,  the  EU  allocated  an  additional  EUR  45  million,  to  be  implemented  through 
international  partners.  In  addition,  the  Foreign  Policy  Instrument  (FPI)  allocated  EUR  8  million 
regional migration related assistance to support COVID-19 preventive measures. In the area of Rule 

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of Law, IPA assistance contributed with technical support to the criminal justice chain, institutions, 
including law enforcement agencies, prosecutors and judges to enable a more effective response to 
serious crime. Technical assistance provides support in establishing strategies and action plans at all 
levels  for  the  anti-corruption  bodies  in  the  country.  On  public  administration  reform  (PAR)  and 
public  financial  management  (PFM),  funding  worth  EUR  5.8  million  was  contracted,  to  support 
implementation of the PAR Action Plan, and the PFM strategy, which needs to be adopted.  

Kosovo 

Financial assistance programmes continue to provide support in implementing key sector reforms to 
advance  Kosovo  on  its  European  path.  The  EU  Office  completed  (on  time  and  on  budget)  the 
construction  of  a  kindergarten  in  Pristina  in  2020.  In  2020  the  programming  of  IPA  2019  and  the 
programming of IPA 2020 were completed including significant reprogramming efforts to respond to 
the  emerging  needs  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  Under  IPA  2019,  EUR  38.36  million  was 
reprogrammed  to  support  social  and  economic  recovery  from  COVID-19.  This  includes  budget 
support  in  the  form  of  a  resilience  contract  for  EUR  26.5  million,  the  largest  budget  support 
operation  in  Kosovo  to  date,  of  which  EUR  20.5  million  was  disbursed  before  the  end  of  the  year. 
Under IPA 2020, some EUR 11.6 million was reprogrammed in order to make available EUR 6 million 
under  the  approximation  facility  for  possible  emergency  use,  and  EUR  5.2  million  for  digitalisation 
that in principle will be focused on the economic recovery and resilience of SMEs. 

Montenegro 

The  EU  continues  to  be  the  main  contributor  in  Montenegro  providing  EUR  279.1  million  of 
assistance  to  support  reforms  in  the  period  2014–2020.  In  2020,  IPA  funds  focused  on  helping 
Montenegro to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. From March onwards the original objectives of 
several annual programmes were adapted as a EUR 53 million COVID-19 response was put in place. 
This revised response comprised a EUR 3 million programme of immediate emergency assistance for 
medical equipment purposes, a EUR 40.5 million Budget Support Resilience Contract supporting the 
social  and  economic  recovery  measures  of  the  Government,  and  a  EUR  9.5  million  Health 
programme. During 2020, programmes from all previous IPA years continued on a range of sectors, 
including rule of law and fundamental rights, agriculture and rural development and civil society. A 
running Budget Support Programme in public administration reform (PAR) alongside a previous one 
on  integrated  border  management  continued  to  make  a  key  impact  to  support  reforms  in  the 
country. Additional support also continued as part of the EUR 15.3 million investment in the multi 
annual social, education and employment operational (SOPEES 2015-2017) programme. A range of 
other  social  programmes  also  continued  to  be  implemented  with  the  aim  of  addressing  the 
integration of Roma and other vulnerable communities in addition to tackling issues such as gender 
discrimination. 

North Macedonia 

Financial  assistance  programmes  continue  to  provide  support  to  North  Macedonia  in  making 
progress  on  fundamental  reforms  in  rule  of  law  and  home  affairs,  public  finance  and  economic 
governance.  Through  the  multiannual  programme  on  environment,  the  action  ‘Improving  the 
management  of  protected  areas’  promotes  the  sustainable  use  of  natural  resources  in  North 
Macedonia. EUR 4 million was invested in improving the management of the protected areas in an 
inclusive,  professional  and  sustainable  way.  The  public  investment  policy  of  North  Macedonia  was 

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significantly improved with the adoption of new legislation which enhanced compliance with the EU 
acquis,  standards  and  practices.  The  IPA  II  2020  programming  exercise  was  completed  at  the 
beginning  of  2020  with  support  in  the  area  of  justice  and  home  affairs  and  good  governance,  and 
was continued with the EUR 50 million Performance Reward shifted to support the national efforts 
to tackle the COVID–19 pandemic and its socio-economic effects. This includes budget support in the 
form  of  a  resilience  contract  for  EUR  40  million,  the  largest  budget  support  operation  in  North 
Macedonia to date, of which EUR 32 million was disbursed before the end of the year. 

Serbia 

The  EU  is  the  largest  provider  of  financial  assistance  to  Serbia.  An  indicative  amount  of  EUR  1.54 
billion of assistance was earmarked to support reforms in the country in the period 2014–2020. In 
2020,  assistance  focused  on  four  key  sectors:  democracy  and  governance;  competitiveness  and 
innovation; environment, climate action, energy and education; and employment and social policies. 
Programmed  actions  were  designed  to  directly  contribute  to  socio-economic  recovery  and 
sustainable  and  inclusive  social  development  and  the  economic  growth  of  Serbian  society  in  the 
aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. In addition, a new special measure was prepared to support Serbia 
in managing migration flows in a protection sensitive manner, including enhancing shelter capacity 
and  delivery  of  services  in  light  of  the  challenges  posed  by  COVID-19.  Implementation  of  sector 
reform  performance  contracts  introduced  under  IPA  II  has  entered  its  final  stage  with  tangible 
results  achieved.  Whereas  the  public  administration  reform  sector  contract  has  helped  Serbia  in 
strengthening  their  management  of  public  funds  during  crisis  situations,  the  Integrated  Border 
Management (IBM) programme has been instrumental in the Commission response to the COVID-19 
crisis. Not only have the available funds contributed to the continued implementation of the sector 
reforms during the crisis period, but also the programme has helped the authorities with migration 
management  during  and  in  the  aftermath  of  the  COVID-19  crisis.  The  education  sector  reform 
contract has contributed  to improving quality, equity and relevance of education, focusing also on 
the  education  needs  of  underprivileged  students.  Finally,  as  a  direct  response  to  the  COVID-19 
pandemic, the Commission made available EUR 15 million to help Serbia to cope with the emergency 
situation  and  has  set  aside  up  to  EUR  78.4  million  to  address  short  and  medium-term  socio-
economic needs. 

Turkey 

For the IPA 2020 allocation, the budgetary authority authorised an amount of EUR 168.2 million. In 
light  of  the  country’s  backsliding  in  the  areas  of  rule  of  law,  fundamental  rights  and  public 
administration  reform,  EUR  122  million  was  allocated  to  EU’s  key  priorities  (people-to-people 
exchange,  support  to  civil  society  organisations  and  Human  Rights  activists)  and  the  EU’s  strategic 
interests,  such  as  migration  management  and  border  control.  The  remaining  part  of  the  envelope 
was  allocated  to  the  rural  development  programme  (EUR  18.2  million)  and  the  multi-beneficiary 
programme on civil society facility (EUR 28 million). No funds were allocated for economic and social 
cooperation. 

In  the  face  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  the  Commission,  in  cooperation  with  Turkish  authorities, 
agreed to use savings and contingencies to support Turkey’s response and mitigate the impact of the 
pandemic  on  the  most  vulnerable.  Among  these  initiatives,  a  new  Action  on  strengthening  the 
national capacities against COVID-19 (EUR 5.3 million) was launched in partnership with the WHO to 
increase antigen testing and improve genome sequencing. Also, a special call to support civil society 

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to  mitigate  the  impact  of  COVID-19  was  launched  and  provided  support  to  over  200  CSOs  and 
activists from across the country, focusing on children's and women's rights, and other areas. 

Regional cooperation 

Regional cooperation is a cornerstone of the EU’s approach to the region and an essential element 
of  the  European  perspective  on  the  Western  Balkans.  IPA  funds  for  the  multi-country/regional 
programme  in  2020  amounted  to  EUR  667.5  million,  with  a  special  focus  on  infrastructures, 
economy,  and  people  of  the  region.  However,  the  COVID-19  pandemic  has  required  a  significant 
reprogramming  of  financial  assistance.  Within  months  of  the  outbreak,  a  major  exercise  was 
undertaken to set up a EUR 475 million response from IPA 2019 and 2020 regional funds, including 
an Economic Reactivation Package, mobilised through International Financial Institutions (IFIs), and a 
package  of  support  to  vulnerable  groups  and  to  the  health  sector,  including  access  to  vaccines.  In 
addition, EUR 3.5 million was further allocated to support health at the end of 2020. 

At the Summit in Sofia in November 2020, the 6th Connectivity Agenda package (including one rail, 
three road, one waterway and one energy project) was endorsed, successfully completing the EUR 1 
billion  pledge  made  in  2015  for  transport  and  energy  interconnection  investments  (45  projects 
approved) in the Western Balkans. Once completed, it is expected that the EU pledge will leverage 
overall investments of more than EUR 3.7 billion in the Western Balkans.  

The focus on young people continued with the first thematic Youth Lab held in the Western Balkans 
region. A major new programme to improve the situation for returnees from the EU to the Western 
Balkans  was  approved.  Work  on  Roma  also  continued  with  key  projects  such  as  the  Roma 
Integration and Roma Education Fund. The Regional Housing Programme has provided 7 805 homes 
to refugees and persons (23 415 persons of families of three) displaced by conflict in the region in 
the 1990s up to the end of 2020. The last civil society facility and media programmes under IPA II, 
including  the  highly  innovative  support  to  media  businesses  were  adopted,  bringing  to  53  the 
number of CSOs currently supported.  

In  higher  education,  Erasmus+  supported  students  and  staff  mobility,  full  degree  scholarships  for 
Erasmus  Mundus  Joint  Masters  degree  students,  and  capacity  building  for  higher  education.  From 
2014 to 2020, over 48 000 students, researchers and teachers were provided with the opportunity 
under Erasmus+ to study or teach in another European higher education institution. Of these 29 910 
came  from  the  Western  Balkans  to  Europe  (Eligible  Erasmus+  Programme  countries  include  North 
Macedonia and Turkey, and since 2019 Serbia) and 18 224 came from Europe to the region (39  % 
student, 61 % staff). Countries from the region have also participated in Capacity Building in Higher 
Education  Projects  with  202  projects  funded.  In  the  field  of  youth,  between  2014  and  2020,  266 
Erasmus+  Capacity  Building  projects  in  the  field  of  youth  have  been  funded,  supporting  546 
organisations  and  39  297  individuals.  In  the  Erasmus+  call  2020,  more  than  11  000  international 
credit mobilities, of which around 7 000 are going from the Western Balkans and around 4 000 are 
going to the Western Balkans were selected. Eight Erasmus Mundus Joint Masters and 46 projects in 
Capacity Building for Higher Education involving partners from the Western Balkans were selected.  

In  the  field  of  youth,  28  Erasmus+  Capacity  building  projects  were  selected,  and  around  2  300 
individuals from the region went on youth mobility.  

In December 2020, the Ministerial Meetings of the Western Balkans Steering Platforms on Education 
and  Training  and  Research  and  Innovation  took  place  in  an  online  full-day  event  and  the  draft 

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Western  Balkans  Agenda  for  Innovation,  Research,  Education,  Culture,  Youth  and  Sport  was 
presented to the Western Balkan Ministers.  

In the areas of mobility and people-to-people contacts, all the Western Balkan countries participated 
in the Creative Europe programme 2014-2020, supporting the cultural sectors. To date, more than 
300 cultural organisations have taken part in projects under this programme as partners and 112 of 
these have been coordinators of small projects. The Western Balkans have received about EUR 22 
million in support from the Creative Europe programme. In total 51 projects out of the 175 projects 
selected in 2020 had participation from Western Balkan organisations, and the projects are expected 
to  receive  EUR  2.4  million  out  of  the  nearly  EUR  70  million  grant  budget  committed  in  2020  by 
Culture. 

From 2017 to 2020, the EU fostered research and innovation cooperation with the Western Balkans 
and  Turkey.  Western  Balkans  entities  have  participated  906  times  in  531  Horizon  2020  grants, 
receiving  EUR  160.9  million  of  direct  EU  contributions.  Turkish  participants  were  engaged  1  104 
times in 762 Horizon 2020 grants, receiving EUR 259.1 million of direct EU contributions. In the same 
period,  the  Marie  Sklodowska-Curie  scheme  support  benefited  a  total  of  341  researchers  in  the 
Western  Balkans  and  443  in  Turkey.  All  Western  Balkans  economies  have  improved  their 
performance in Horizon 2020 compared to the previous Framework programme (FP7): doubling the 
number  of  participants  and  doubling  the  competitive  funding  gained.  Turkey’s  performance  in 
Horizon 2020 has also substantially improved in 2019 and 2020 (+50 % in 2019 compared to previous 
years) but is still low level compared to Turkey’s R&I capacity. 

Rule  of  law  programmes  continued  to  act  in  support  of  the  reform  agendas  of  Western  Balkans 
partners.  In  the  field  of  security,  the  reformed  Integrative  Internal  Security  Governance  (IISG) 
initiative  was  launched  under  the  umbrella  of  the  Regional  Cooperation  Council.  Moreover,  an 
action was approved to support the implementation of the Western Balkans Small Arms and Light 
Weapon control roadmap. 2020 also saw continued commitment to the culture and creative sectors 
as  key  actors  of  change  in  the  promotion  of  more  resilient  societies  through  13  projects  awarded 
under the Creative Europe Programme. 

Cross border cooperation  

During  2020,  great  focus  was  placed  on  monitoring  and  performance  measurement  of  on-going 
cross  border  cooperation  (CBC)  projects.  With  the  significant  increase  of  resources  (about  a  9  % 
increase of committed funds compared to 2019), these programmes and projects have triggered real 
change for local communities.  

Some of the ongoing CBC projects also provided an immediate response to the needs caused by the 
COVID-19 pandemic. Under the Microenterprise development project for women in the cross-border 
area protective masks, natural sanitisers and soaps were manufactured and distributed in the border 
areas  of  North  Macedonia  and  Albania.  The  Skilled  women’s  workforce  for  better  future  project 
trained  caregivers  to  provide  immediate  assistance  to  the  elderly  population  during  the  COVID-19 
lockdowns in the cross-border area of Serbia and Montenegro. 

Other  important CBC projects are addressing water  and waste  management,  pollution, emergency 
situations  and  natural  hazards,  as  well  as  supporting  vulnerable  groups  and  their  inclusion  into 
society, sustainable usage of natural and cultural resources and enhancement of regional tourism. In 

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peripheral cross-border areas, and embedded in the local communities, these projects provide solid 
support and give good visibility to the EU. 

CASE STUDY  

The EU response to the COVID-19 crisis in the Western Balkans 

Context 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  led  to  an  unprecedented  global  crisis  in  which  no  country  has  been 
spared. In the face of this unprecedented challenge, it was crucial to demonstrate that the Western 
Balkans can count on the European Union to overcome the emergency phase and also to relaunch 
the recovery of their economies and societies as early as possible. 

Objective 

The European Union decided to act rapidly and comprehensively to support the Western Balkans in 
addressing  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  mobilising  an  unparalleled  financial  assistance  package  of 
around  EUR  3.3  billion,  to  address  both  immediate  needs  and  the  longer-term  socio-economic 
consequences of the pandemic. 

Results 

The  package  includes  EUR  38  million  of  immediate  IPA  support  for  the  health  sector,  in  particular 
through the provision of essential supplies to save lives. By the end of 2020, the EU had delivered 
more than 60 ambulances, almost 200 ventilators, and about 12 million pieces of personal protective 
equipment, and many other items. 

The Commission also entirely reprogrammed EUR 475 million for medium- and longer-term support 
to  the  health  systems,  for  the  protection  of  vulnerable  groups  hit  by  the  pandemic  and  to  socio-
economic recovery. A significant part of this support was delivered quickly through budget support 
(State and Resilience Building Contracts and Reform Performance Contracts) and EUR 70 million was 
set aside to cover the delivery of vaccines. The last strand of EUR 385 million of IPA support is geared 
towards  support  to  the  real  economy,  including  SMEs,  and  supporting  liquidity,  notably  in  the 
banking  sector;  almost  50  %  of  this  amount  is  already  disbursed  to  partner  International  Financial 
Institutions. 

By the end of the year 95 % of this IPA assistance was fully reprogrammed, almost 60 % contracted 
and more than 30 % paid. This was an unprecedented effort, set up in record time, thanks also to the 
utilisation  of  extraordinary  emergency  and  flexibility  clauses  foreseen  in  the  IPA  regulations  and 
procedures. 

Finally,  the  package  includes  also  EUR  750  million  of  Macro-Financial  Assistance,  allocated  to  five 
Western Balkans countries, and a EUR 1.7 billion from the European Investment Bank for both public 
and private sector programmes. 

Support  to  Western  Balkans  countries  was  extended  beyond  financial  assistance.  Given  their 
European  perspective,  the  EU  is  treating  the  Western  Balkans  as  privileged  partners  by  granting 
them access to many initiatives and instruments reserved for EU Member States. This includes for 
instance enabling them to join the EU joint procurement agreement for medical countermeasures, 
exempting the region from the EU's export authorisation scheme for personal protective equipment, 
ensuring the fast flow of essential goods across land borders through green lanes, and the EU supply 

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of testing material to ensure the correct functioning of coronavirus tests in the Western Balkans. In 
addition, the Western Balkans activated the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) and received 
assistance through delivery of equipment and repatriation of citizens from the UCPM Member States 
and  Participating  States.  The  candidate  countries  are  eligible  for  funding  under  the  EU  Solidarity 
Fund.  The  EU  is  also  sharing  information  from  the  European  Centre  for  Disease  Prevention  and 
Control  (ECDC)  with  the  Western  Balkans  and  enabled  them  to  join  the  EU  Health  Security 
Committee as observers, giving them access to the EU’s Early Warning and Response system. Lastly 
the European Commission has initiated discussion with EU Member States to try to get donation or 
re-sale  of  vaccines  from  the  Advance  Purchase  Agreements,  reimbursed  by  EUR  70  million  of  IPA 
grants.  

4.4.4.  Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of 
people affected by conflicts and disasters  

Turkey 

Turkey  currently  hosts  the  largest  refugee  population  in  the  world  –  close  to  four  million  people. 
Some 3.6 million of them are Syrians who fled the ongoing conflict that has ravaged their country for 
ten years. Since 2015, the EU has supported more than 80 humanitarian projects through 22 partner 
organisations. Under the EU Facility for Refugees in Turkey, created in 2016 to assist the country in 
its  large-scale  efforts  to  support  refugees  with  funding  from  the  EU  budget  and  additional 
contributions  from  EU  Member  States,  EUR  2.4  billion  of  humanitarian  projects  have  been  fully 
contracted.  COVID-19  has  however  added  a  complex  new  dimension,  exacerbating  existing 
vulnerabilities  and  increasing  the  needs  of  the  refugees.  The  EU  therefore  adapted  several 
humanitarian  actions  for  the  COVID-19  response.  These  actions  amounted  to  more  than  EUR  50 
million.  In  addition  to  ongoing  projects  funded  via  the  Facility,  the  EU  has  allocated  an  additional 
EUR  531.7  million  in  humanitarian  funding  for  2020,  including  EUR  485  million  to  ensure  that  the 
two flagship programmes, Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) and the Conditional Cash Transfer for 
Education (CCTE), continue supporting the most vulnerable refugees in Turkey until early 2022. The 
ESSN provides monthly cash payments directly to refugees through a debit card to help meet their 
basic  needs.  By  the  end  of  2020,  the  programme  was  supporting  over  1.8  million  refugees  on  a 
monthly  basis.  The  CCTE  is  the  biggest  Education  in  Emergencies  programme.  It  provides  cash 
transfers  to  vulnerable  families  to  promote  school  enrolment  and  regular  attendance  for  refugee 
children. By the end of 2020, the programme reached nearly 670 000 children.  

Western Balkans 

While  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  had  seen  a  sharp  rise  in  refugee  and  migrant  arrivals  in  2019, 
restrictive  coronavirus  measures  sharply  reduced  movement  along  the  Western  Balkans  route  in 
2020.  Around  8  000  refugees  and  migrants  are  stranded  in  the  country,  with  more  than  1  700 
persons sleeping outside in dire conditions, including many unaccompanied children and families. In 
2020,  the  Commission  allocated  EUR  5.5  million  to  cover  the  most  urgent  needs  of  refugees  and 
migrants  in  and  outside  the  temporary  reception  centres.  This  included  access  to  primary  and 
secondary  healthcare  services,  mental  health  and  psychological  support,  protection  response 
(identification and referrals), support to unaccompanied minors, and life-saving assistance, including 
warm clothing, sleeping bags and food for those without proper accommodation. 

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4.4.5.  Crisis response and preparedness 

In  the  Western  Balkans,  the  IcSP  was  mobilised  to  respond  to  the  urgent  needs  of  migrants, 
refugees,  asylum  seekers  and  vulnerable  host  communities  related  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  In 
addition,  existing 
in  the  Western  Balkans  continued,  notably  on  the 
implementation  of  the  Serbia-Kosovo  dialogue  as  well  as  with  a  new  set  of  confidence  building 
measures through cultural heritage protection in Kosovo.  

IcSP  engagement 

In Turkey, actions through the IcSP continue to respond to the regional consequences of the conflicts 
in Syria, notably by enhancing access to services and facilitating integration of refugees and migrants 
as well as strengthening resilience of host communities. Support to the search and rescue capacities 
of the Turkish Coast Guard continued during 2020. 

4.4.6.   The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) priorities  

The  priorities  of  pre-accession  assistance  derive  from  the  IPA  regulation  (specific  objectives  and 
thematic priorities) and are aligned with the core principles of the enlargement policy. Preparing the 
candidate  countries  and  potential  candidates  to  meet  the  requirements  of  membership  requires  a 
strong focus on fundamental reforms in the rule of law, the economy and functioning of democratic 
institutions and public administration. Efforts in these areas are indivisible and mutually reinforcing 
and  must  be  pursued  more  forcefully  and  with  clearer  political  commitment.  The  enhanced 
enlargement methodology of February 2020 puts an even stronger emphasis on the implementation 
of  these  fundamental  reforms.  In  line  with  these  priorities,  EU  pre-accession  assistance  remains 
focused on supporting these fundamental areas.  

In  2020,  the  Commission  also  continued  to  focus  on  the  implementation  of  actions  foreseen  in  its 
2018 Communication on A credible enlargement perspective for and enhanced engagement with the 
Western Balkans164 and the related Sofia priority agenda. These actions fall under flagship initiatives 
in six areas: rule of law, security and migration, socio-economic development, connectivity, a digital 
agenda,  and  reconciliation  and  good  neighbourly  relations.  Financial  assistance  under  IPA  was 
focused on delivering on these priorities both at regional and bilateral level. 

Many  of  the  ongoing  activities  under  this  strategy  are  now  streamlined  in  the  Economic  and 
Investment Plan for the Western Balkans and the associated Green Agenda for the Western Balkans. 
The  Economic  and  Investment  Plan  aims  to  spur  the  long-term  post-pandemic  recovery,  boost 
economic growth, encompassing the dual digital and green transition, and support reforms required 
to  move  forward  on  the  EU  path,  including  bringing  the  Western  Balkans  closer  to  the  EU  Single 
Market.  

EU assistance continued to be also directed at fostering good relations with neighbours in the region 
to help overcome legacy issues. 

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4.4.7.  IPA  Performance  Framework.  Aim  and  coverage  of  the  IPA  PF.  Overview  of  key 
results reported against the IPA PF  

EU aid to the Western Balkans and Turkey (WBT) region165 is mainly channelled via the Instrument 
for  Pre-accession  (IPA),  in  accordance  with  the  enlargement  policy  framework  defined  by  the 
European  Council.  EU  pre-accession  assistance,  planned  by  the  Commission  in  conjunction  with 
accession  candidates  and  potential  candidate  authorities,  aims  to  support  candidates  in  their 
progressive alignment with the standards and policies of the EU, including where appropriate the EU 
acquis, with a view to EU membership. 

Assistance under IPA II, provided in the period 2014-2020, is mainly focused on a selected number of 
policy areas that would help the beneficiaries strengthen democratic institutions and the rule of law, 
reform  the  judiciary  and  public  administration,  respect  fundamental  rights  and  promote  gender 
equality, tolerance, social inclusion and non-discrimination. 

In view of the specific nature of the assistance provided in this region, a separate results framework, 
the IPA PF, was developed, partially modelled on the EU RF. 

Aim and coverage of the IPA PF 
The  IPA  PF  is  aligned  to  IPA  II  strategic  objectives  and  that  of  the  Communication  ‘A  credible 
enlargement perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans’166. 

It aims to report on accession candidates and potential candidates’ results supported by the EU at an 
aggregated level. It also aims to improve decision-making and promote learning. 

The results from the IPA PF are presented on a contribution basis, which means that they represent 
the combined efforts of a variety of partners including the EU. 

Performance data were collected from a set of interventions (funded by the EU through IPA I and IPA II 
with  a  contribution  above  EUR  750  000)  and  matched  to  the  IPA  PF  indicators.  The  interventions  are 
ongoing and completed interventions that started since January 2014 and were under implementation for 
at least 12 months at the time of project selection (June 2020). This is consistent with the Commission’s 
aim of further increasing data coverage and obtaining more timely information. 

Overview of key results reported against the IPA PF 

The total EU allocation for the interventions that were able to report against the IPA PF indicators 
was  EUR  1  593.6  million.  Of  this  amount:  58  %  was  allocated  to  human  rights  (refugee  support); 
20.4%  was  allocated  in  the  area  of  public  administration  reform  (Public  sector  policy  and 
administrative  management,  public  finance  management  and  decentralisation  and  support  to 
subnational  government  areas);  8.8  % 
in  the  competitiveness  area  (business  policy  and 
administration, small and medium-sized enterprises, job creation) and 8.0 % was allocated to rule of 
law  and  fundamental  rights  (legal  and  judicial  development,  democratic  participation  and  civil 
society,  security  system  management  and  reform,  legal  and  judicial  development  and  anti-
corruption organisations and institutions areas). Table 2 below contains the key results reported for 
2020. 

165  The  WBT  region  covers  Albania,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina,  Kosovo,  Montenegro,  North  Macedonia,  Serbia 
and Turkey. 
166 COM(2018) 65 final of 6 February 2018. 

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2.01 

2.02a 

2.03 

Number  of  electoral  recommendations  (of  the  international  election  observation 
missions  done  by  the  OSCE/ODIHR  or  the  EU  EOM  (case  of  Kosovo))  followed  up 
and/or implemented with EU Support. 

Number  of  legal/administrative  acts  (inc.  at  Constitutional  level)  to  enhance  the 
effectiveness,  accountability  and/or  transparency  of  the  functioning  of  democratic 
institutions a) adopted. 

Number  of  legal/administrative  acts/measures  (inc.  at  constitutional  level)  (i) 
adopted  and/or  (ii)  implemented  with  EU  support  with  the  objective  of  increasing 
independence  and 
impartiality,  and/or  accountability,  and/or  professionalism 
and/or competence, and/or efficiency of the national justice system. 

2.04a  Number of a) judges trained with EU support on European standards and EU acquis. 

2.04b  Number  of  b)  prosecutors  trained  with  EU  support  on  European  standards  and  EU 

127 

13 

10 

3 008 

107 

acquis. 

2.04c  Number of c) lawyers trained with EU support on European standards and EU acquis. 

1 018 

2.05a 

Number of security sector reforms that are compliant with human rights standards. 

(i) adopted with EU support 

(ii) implemented with EU support 

Number  of  preventive/repressive  anticorruption  measures  (i)  adopted  and/or  (ii) 
implemented with EU support. 

Number of countries having (i) adopted and/or (ii) implemented the legal framework 
for  the  protection,  promotion  and/or  enforcement  of  human/fundamental  rights 
(including freedom of expression and Media, freedom of assembly and freedom of 
association and non-discrimination and rights of minorities) with EU support. 

Number of initiatives led by civil society and supported by the EU. 

Number  of  public  policies  developed  and/or  revised  with  internal  and  external 
consultations with EU support. 

Number  of  EU  funded  assistance  interventions  (Twinning,  TA,  SBS)  producing 
consistent results with ongoing horizontal PAR efforts with EU support. 

The  number  of  strategies  or  policies  on  migration  management  or  forced 
displacement a) developed/revised, or b) under implementation with EU support. 

a) developed/revised, with EU support 

b) under implementation with EU support 

Number  of  EU  funded  assistance 
compliance of border and security systems with EU /Schengen Acquis. 

interventions  reporting 

improvement  of 

Number  of  EU  funded  assistance  interventions  reporting  improvement  of  state 
institutions  capacities  -  a)  law  enforcement,  b)  judiciary  and  c)  administration  - 
involved in the prevention and fight against organised crime with EU support. 

 (a) law enforcement, involved in the prevention and fight against organised crime 
through EU support 

(b) judiciary involved in the prevention and fight against organised crime through EU 
support 

2.06b 

2.09 

2.10 

2.11 

2.12 

2.13 

2.13a 

2.13b 

2.14 

2.15 

2.15a 

2.15b 

16 

1 

15 

15 

9 

38 

75 

14 

2 

1 

1 

4 

9 

8 

1 

2.16a 

Number  of  public  policies  to  strengthen  revenue  mobilisation,  public  financial 
management and/or budget transparency: 

19 

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a) developed with EU support 

13 

2.17a 

Number of public policies to strengthen investment climate:  

b) under implementation with EU support 

a) developed/ revised with EU support 

b) under implementation with EU support 

2.19 

Number of beneficiaries with access to financial services with EU support: 

2.19a 

2.19b 

a) firms 

b) individuals 

2.21 

Number of direct jobs supported/sustained by the EU. 

2.22a 

Number  of  public  policies  promoting  social  inclusion  a)  developed/revised  with  EU 
support. 

2.28 

Number of public policies promoting digitalisation: 

a) developed/revised with EU support 

b) under implementation with EU support 

2.31 

Number of smallholders reached with EU supported interventions aimed to increase 
their sustainable production, access to market and/or security of land. 

6 

8 

6 

2 

180 

70 

7 521 

42 

5 

1 

4 

30 

2.32 

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions avoided with EU support (tonnes CO2eq). 

921 042 

2.33a 

Number  of  public  policies  for  the  implementation  of  the  2015  Paris  Climate 
Agreement a) developed/revised with EU support. 

2.34a 

Number  of  public  policies  to  further  align  with  Birds  and  Habitats  Directive/set-up 
Natura 2000 Networks. a) developed/revised with EU support. 

2 

1 

Table 2. IPA II PF – Aggregated results achieved with EU support 

European Neighbourhood  

4.5. 
4.5.1.   European Neighbourhood East  

4.5.1.1. Introduction (ENI Priorities and Policy developments)  

During  2020  the  EU  continued  to  develop  its  relations  with  its  six  eastern  partner  countries 
(Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) bilaterally under the 
European Neighbourhood Policy and under the Eastern Partnership framework. Both dimensions are 
firmly  based  on  common  values,  mutual  interests,  and  the  principles  of  shared  ownership, 
responsibility, differentiation and mutual accountability.  

Despite the challenges linked to the COVID 19 pandemic, the implementation of the reform agenda 
of 20 deliverables for 2020167continued. To strengthen our joint resilience and the partnership, the 
EU provided quick and substantive support to partners by addressing immediate needs and the long-
term socio-economic recovery. Work on a successor to this agenda had begun in 2019 with a broad 
and  inclusive  consultation. The  resulting  Joint  Communication  ‘Eastern  Partnership  Policy  beyond 

167 https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/20_deliverables_for_2020.pdf  

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2020: Reinforcing Resilience – an Eastern Partnership that delivers for all’168 was adopted in March 
2020.  It  proposes  five  long-term  policy  objectives  in  key  priority  areas:  economy  and  connectivity; 
rule of law and security; environment and climate; digital; and fair and inclusive societies, under the 
overarching  framework  of  resilience.  Based  on  this  agreed  framework,  the  shaping  of  this  new 
agenda  took  place  in  the  second  half  of  2020  through  a  further  consultation  process  involving 
partner  countries,  Member  States  and  other  stakeholders.  The  expected  outcome  is  a  series  of 
substantive  targets  to  be  achieved  by  2025  to  strengthen  resilience  of  the  partner  countries, 
accompanied by an Economic and Investment Plan. 

The  bilateral  EU  relations  with  Ukraine,  Georgia  and  the  Republic  of  Moldova  are  guided  by  very 
ambitious  Association  Agreements/DCFTA  offering  clear  blueprints  for  reforms.  Discussions  with 
Armenia  on  the  Comprehensive  and  Enhanced  Partnership  were  successful  with  the  agreement 
coming into force in 2021 and providing for close approximation and cooperation with Armenia in 
numerous sectors. Negotiations continued for a new agreement with Azerbaijan, where significant 
progress  is  still  needed  to  conclude  the  negotiations.  The  negotiations  with  Belarus  on  the  new 
Partnership priorities were put on hold due to political developments. 

The political situation in the region has been very dynamic. Elections were held in Belarus, Georgia 
and  Moldova.  In  Belarus,  the  falsified  Presidential  elections  on  9  August  2020  triggered  an 
unprecedented  popular  protest  that  was  met  with  brutal  repression  by  the  Belarusian  authorities. 
The  EU  has  been  in  the  forefront  of  the  international  reactions  and  imposed  sanctions  against 
individuals and entities responsible for the falsification of elections and for human rights violations. 
The EU downscaled cooperation with Belarusian authorities while maintaining limited engagement 
on  issues  of  interest  to  the  EU  and  Belarusian  society.  The  EU  recalibrated  financial  assistance 
directing  it  away  from  central  authorities  and  ensuring  it  benefits  the  population  at  large.  At  the 
same time, it substantially stepped-up support to the people of Belarus. 

In the Republic of Moldova, 2020 was a year marked by political instability particularly in the second 
half  of  the  year  and  overall  slow  progress  in  the  implementation  of  reforms  in  line  with  the  EU 
Moldova  Association  Agreement.  The  onset  of  the  Coronavirus  pandemic  in  March  severely 
impacted the country’s ageing health system and fatality rates were high through most of the year. 
Former  Prime  Minister  Maia  Sandu  convincingly  won  the  Presidential  elections  in  November  on  a 
pro-reform  and  pro-EU  agenda  which  also  prioritised  a  more  active  response  to  the  COVID-19 
pandemic and its social and economic effects. The EU has expressed its strong support to the reform 
agenda of the new President. 

The  elections  in  Georgia  resulted  in  political  instability  which  has  continued  into  2021.  Political 
polarisation in Georgia increased in 2020 ahead of parliamentary elections. Following the first round 
of  elections  on  31  October  the  opposition  parties  refused  to  take  part  in  the  second  round  and 
subsequently to join the parliament and called for new elections, claiming the election results were 
rigged.  The  EU  supported  the  preliminary  conclusions  by  the  OSCE/ODHIR  and  other  international 
observers  that  the  elections  had  been  overall  competitive  and  freedoms  respected,  despite  a 
number  of  shortcomings  particularly  in  the  allocation  of  media  time  and  state  resources.  The 
Parliament  reconvened  on  10  December  without  the  main  opposition  parties  present.  The  EU  and 
US  continued  to  facilitate  dialogue  to  find  a  solution  to  the  political  impasse.  Georgia  was  less 

168 JOIN(2020) 7 final of 18 March 2020. 

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seriously impacted by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the pandemic was overall very 
well managed but from late summer the situation deteriorated during a second COVID-19 wave. 

Ukraine  continued  reform  efforts.  Notably,  the  banking  sector  and  land  reform  were  further 
advanced  thanks  to  the  leadership  of  the  President  and  the  governing  party.  However,  the 
Constitutional  Court  decisions  of  last  autumn  on  the  unconstitutionality  of  some  of  the  anti-
corruption architecture elements posed a serious threat to anti-corruption efforts, undermining anti-
corruption  institutions  established  after  2014.  The  EU,  together  with  international  partners,  in 
particular the G7, continued to support the reform of the judiciary as a priority. The EU maintained 
an  active  dialogue  with  Ukraine  at  the  highest  political  level.  This  included  the  physical  Summit  in 
Brussels in October 2020. The EU passed a strong message of support to Ukraine facing the illegal 
annexation of Crimea and the ongoing conflict in the east. 

The 44-day Nagorno-Karabakh war between Armenia and Azerbaijan ended on 10 November with a 
ceasefire. During and after the conflict, the EU has been actively engaged calling the sides to cease 
hostilities  immediately  and  return  to  negotiations.  Following  the  conflict,  the  EU  mobilised 
humanitarian aid for all populations affected by the war and expressed its readiness to support post-
conflict  recovery  and  to  effectively  contribute  to  the  shaping  of  a  durable  and  comprehensive 
settlement of the conflict, including through support for post conflict rehabilitation and confidence 
building measures. 

4.5.1.2. Working towards the SDGs 

The  EU’s  relations  with  its  Eastern  neighbours  are  well  aligned  with  and  contribute  to  the 
implementation  of  the  UN  Agenda  2030.  The  response  to  COVID-19  has  led  to  a  significant 
reprogramming  of  resources  in  support  of  SDG  3  health  and  well-being  and  SDG  8  decent 
employment and economic growth. Within the framework of the Eastern Partnership, bilateral and 
regional actions have contributed to strengthen the economies and favour an appropriate business 
environment, in particular for SMEs (SDGs 8, 9, and 12), supporting institutional reforms, CSOs and 
promoting  good  governance  (SDG  16),  supporting 
infrastructure  development  for  better 
connectivity, energy efficiency, environment and climate change (SDGs 6, 7 and 13) and promoting 
human development while favouring mobility and people to people contacts (SDGs 3, 4, 5 and 10).  

4.5.1.3. Implementation  

Armenia 

The  EU  focused  on  responding  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  the  recent  conflict  in  Nagorno-
Karabakh to strengthen the country’s resilience, as well as keeping momentum on domestic reform 
implementation. The government has been committed to the implementation of the Comprehensive 
and  Enhanced  Partnership  Agreement  (CEPA),  which  it  considers  a  blueprint  for  strategic  reforms. 
This  commitment  was  reconfirmed  during  the  EU-Armenia  Partnership  Council  in  December  2020. 
By the end of 2020, almost all EU Member States had ratified the CEPA agreement. 

In  2020,  the  EU  was  the  key  reform  partner  and  the  largest  contributor  in  Armenia.  EU  support 
addressed  the  Sector  Reform  Contract  on  Justice  Reform  and  Police  Reform.  Implementation 
progress was made despite setbacks related to COVID-19 and the hostilities. The assistance portfolio 
for Armenia was adapted to the broader Team Europe approach to COVID-19, redirecting funds to 
health  resilience  while  ensuring  continued  support  to  good  governance  reforms,  private  sector 
development and infrastructure investments (blending). 

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All tools at the EU’s disposal were used, including technical assistance to increase the capacity of the 
Armenian government. In 2020, four new Twinning projects were contracted covering Civil Service, 
Civil  Protection,  National  Assembly  and  Biodiversity  activities  and  two  more  are  in  the  pipeline  on 
Accreditation  and  Ethics/Anti-Corruption.  On  budget  support  programmes,  EUR  65.3  million  was 
paid to Armenia in recognition of its democratic achievements of 2019. AAP 2020 mostly focused on 
budget support with a new EUR 30 million COVID-19 Resilience Contract and a EUR 30 million Justice 
Reform contract.  

Azerbaijan 

Negotiations  on  a  new  EU-Azerbaijan  agreement  stalled  throughout  2020  and  there  has  been  no 
progress  in  the  negotiations  on  the  EU-Azerbaijan  Aviation  agreement.  A  Partnership  Priorities 
Facility  worth  EUR  27  million  was  set  up  to  help  Azerbaijan  in  implementing  the  Partnership 
Priorities, focusing in the medium term on the economic resilience of the country in the context of 
the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Implementation will start in 2021. Through its ongoing programmes, 
the EU continued to support the economic diversification of Azerbaijan and to promote reforms to 
improve the  business climate in the country, including through assistance for agriculture and rural 
development as well as vocational education and training.  

The  EU  remains  the  largest  foreign  donor  supporting  civil  society  in  Azerbaijan.  In  2020,  a  new 
contribution agreement under the Civil Society Facility was signed to support CSO capacity building 
and social entrepreneurship.  

The  EU  also  continued  to  support  the  government’s  reform  agenda  in  areas  such  as  energy 
management,  environmental  policy,  gender  equality,  cybersecurity  and  e-government,  including 
through active use of the TAIEX instrument. Twinning has remained a successful tool in supporting 
the  government’s  efforts  to  modernise  its  administration  and  to  start  aligning  with  European 
standards and practices. 

Belarus 

The  EU  focused  on  responding  to  the  political  crisis  following  the  rigged  presidential  elections  in 
August and provided support to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The EU was at the forefront of efforts 
to support the people of Belarus. In reaction to developments in their country, the EU mobilised an 
emergency  assistance  package  of  EUR  3.7  million  for  the  victims  of  oppression  and  independent 
media  immediately  after  the  Belarus  presidential  elections  and  followed  up  with  a  EUR  24  million 
assistance  package  of  sustained  support  to  civil  society,  youth  and  small  and  medium-sized 
enterprises,  and  to  improve  health  capacities  adopted  in  December,  This  package  was  further 
complemented  with  EUR  6  million  access  to  finance  support  for  SMEs.  In  line  with  Council 
conclusions  on  Belarus  of  12  October  2020,  the  EU  conducted  a  review  of  EU-Belarus  relations 
including  its  financial  assistance  to  Belarus.  As  a  result,  about  half  of  ENI  bilateral  assistance  has 
been suspended. Belarus also benefitted from a massive delivery of personal protective equipment 
totalling  EUR  2.8  million  as  part  of  the  EU  regional  COVID-19  support  package  for  the  Eastern 
Partnership  countries.  A  rehabilitated  wastewater  treatment  facility  in  Brest,  with  funding  in  the 
form of grants from the Northern Dimension Environmental Partnership (NDEP) and loans from the 
Nordic  Investment  Bank  (NIB),  became  operational  in  2020,  bringing  significant  reductions  in 
nitrogen and phosphorus runoff into the Baltic Sea. 

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Georgia 

Georgia  remains  committed  to  the  implementation  of  the  EU-Georgia  Association  Agreement. 
Alignment  to  the  EU  acquis  and  European  standards  has  continued  despite  the  COVID-19  related 
challenges. Further efforts are however needed, notably in the field of judicial reform and tackling 
political polarisation. The EU is continuing to support these reforms, in particular in the justice sector 
including the full implementation of the fourth wave and the inclusive adoption by Parliament of the 
fifth wave of judicial reforms.  

EU  assistance  for  Georgia  in  2020  focused  on  the  response  to  the  socio-economic  and  health 
challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thanks to two rapidly designed interventions under 
the  Annual  Action  Programme  2020  (EUR  102.7  million),  the  EU  provided  support  to  the 
Government’s  Anti-Crisis  Economic  Plan  and  the  health  system.  In  addition,  bilateral  funds  were 
channelled  through  the  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform  (NIP)  to  provide  local  currency  loans 
for SMEs to help them in the aftermath of COVID-19. Ongoing programmes were reoriented where 
necessary  to  provide  additional  support  to  those  belonging  to  vulnerable  groups,  businesses  and 
people living in rural and remote areas. 

Due  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  EU  Member  States,  International  Finance  Institutions  and  the 
European Union joined forces under the umbrella of the Team Europe approach. This approach has 
led  to  a  more  unified  approach  towards  cooperation  with  Georgia.  First  consultations  on  future 
Team  Europe  initiatives  for  Georgia  have  already  taken  place  and  will  be  crucial  for  the  upcoming 
multiannual indicative programming. 

Moldova 

Following  the  outbreak  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  the  EU  redirected,  accelerated,  and  mobilised 
new  programmes  worth  EUR  127  million  in  bilateral  grant  support  for  the  emergency  response  to 
the outbreak, the resilience of the healthcare system, and socio-economic recovery.  

Following  progress  on  key  conditions,  a  disbursement  of  EUR  30  million  of  Macro-Financial 
Assistance was made in July. The programme expired shortly thereafter, and the third, final tranche 
was  not  disbursed  due  to  the  applicable  conditions  not  being  met.  An  emergency  Macro-Financial 
Assistance programme worth EUR 100 million in loans was also adopted in the context of the COVID-
19 pandemic, of which the first tranche (EUR 50 million) was disbursed in November. 

The  2020  funding  package  for  Moldova  was  adopted  in  two  parts  and  contained  three  actions: 
EU4Moldova:  Local  Communities;  EU4Moldova:  Facility  to  Support  the  Health  Response  to  the 
COVID-crisis  and  Association  Agreement  Related  Reforms;  and  a  COVID-19  Resilience  Contract 
(budget support) to support Moldova in dealing with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.  

Ukraine 

Ukraine  remained  committed  to  its  ambitious  and  comprehensive  reform  agenda  based  on  the 
Association Agreement and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area. Progress was achieved in a 
wide  range  of  areas  due  to  EU-funded  support  programmes  and  intensive  political  and  policy 
dialogues.  The  comprehensive  Association4U  phase  II  programme,  supporting  horizontal  issues  of 
Association Agreement (AA) implementation, continued successfully in 2020.  

The year 2020 was especially challenging due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that partially 
diverted  the  attention  of  the  Ukrainian  authorities  to  addressing  the  public  health  crisis  and  the 

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socio-economic consequences of this unexpected event. The EU mobilised a timely EUR 190 million 
assistance package as part of the EU response to COVID-19 crisis169.  

The  EU  continued  its  support  for  energy  efficiency  in  the  residential  sector,  in  particular  via  the 
Energy Efficiency Support Programme for Ukraine. Private Sector Development remains a priority for 
EU support in Ukraine with a number  of ongoing projects in three areas of intervention:  access to 
finance for SMEs, business development services, and promoting a better business environment.  

The year 2020 was historic for Ukraine's decentralisation process, as it marked the completion of the 
administrative  part  of  the  decentralisation  reform  and  empowering  local  self-government,  which 
was  supported  by  the  EU  through  the  flagship  EU-funded  programme  U-LEAD  with  Europe  with  a 
budget of EUR 158.3 million and contributed to numerous initiatives.  

In  2020,  the  EU  continued  supporting  the  implementation  of  public  administration  reform  in 
Ukraine.  In  the  area  of  anti-corruption,  the  EU  continued  providing  comprehensive  support  to 
Ukraine's  frontline  anti-corruption  agencies,  local  authorities,  civil  society  and  investigative  media 
through  its  flagship  programme  EU  Anti-Corruption  Initiative  (EUACI)  and  numerous  civil  society 
projects. 

EU support to civil society in Ukraine seeks to increase the capacities of civil society organisations, 
particularly outside Kyiv, promote policy dialogue between civil society and authorities, and facilitate 
the enabling environment for civic participation. Throughout 2020, 43 projects supported the work 
of over 500 organisations in a wide range of issues starting with the response to the COVID-19 crisis, 
but also cultural heritage, social services provision, anti-corruption and justice reform.  

The  EU's  comprehensive  support  for  eastern  Ukraine  continued  in  2020  with  the  second  full 
implementation year of a dedicated EUR 60 million programme that comes on top of humanitarian 
assistance and early recovery work such as demining. The programme responded to specific COVID-
19 needs in eastern Ukraine by providing equipment to hospitals, supporting local small businesses 
and  working  via  civil  society  to  reach  out  to  vulnerable  populations,  including  those  who  live  near 
the contact line. 

The  Support  for  Migration  and  Asylum  Management  project  continued  to  support  Ukraine  in 
developing  advanced  integrated  IT  solutions  for  the  management  of  migration  processes.  The  IT 
systems  include  MFA  visa  biometrics,  an  Advance  Passenger  Information  system  (APIS),  Bearer 
Verification when crossing the border, E-readmission, and Administrative Offences including Checks 
of foreigners applying for citizenship. The common  biometric matching system, which is shared by 
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the State Migration service and the State Border Guards service was 
developed and tested, with training on its use provided.  

Despite  challenges  posed  by  the  pandemic,  donor  coordination  in  Ukraine  has  taken  substantial 
steps  forward  in  2020  and  the  EU  plays  an  important  role  in  the  process.  The  coordination 
mechanism for International Technical Assistance has been successfully launched.  

169  In  addition  to  this  amount,  the  Commission  mobilised  EUR  1,200  million  of  Macro-Financial  Assistance 
loans. 

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Regional cooperation 

In  the  context  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  and  the  efforts  of  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  in  the 
region,  the  EU  rapidly  redirected  well  over  EUR  1  billion  of  grant  assistance  in  support  of  the  six 
partners  of  the  Eastern  Partnership.  This  included  financial  assistance  for  the  immediate  needs  of 
the  public  health  sector,  civil  society,  and  independent  media,  and  support  for  longer-term  socio-
economic recovery.  

The  dedicated  civil  society  component  of  the  COVID-19  Solidarity  Programme  in  the  Eastern 
Partnership  mitigated  the  impact  of  the  pandemic  on  the  most  vulnerable  people,  including  the 
elderly,  people  with  disabilities,  persons  belonging  to  minorities,  and  others  disproportionately 
affected by the pandemic.  

In  the  area  of  good  governance,  to  strengthen  the  rule  of  law,  anti-corruption  mechanisms  and 
justice  sector  reform  for  the  Eastern  partnership  countries,  the  EU  continued  its  cooperation  with 
the Council of Europe under the Framework Partnership for Good Governance phase II and Justice 
Dashboard  Action,  supporting  EaP  countries  in  their  monitoring  and  evaluation  on  the  efficiency, 
independence and accountability of their justice systems. In addition, further support was directed 
to  the  fight  against  corruption  through  the  EU  for  Integrity  Programme.  A  strengthened  focus  on 
security  and  unresolved  conflicts  was  also  implemented  with  the  EU  4Dialogue  Programme.  The 
focus  of  the  EU’s  assistance  to  EaP  countries  therefore  continued  to  be  the  rule  of  law,  anti-
corruption,  judicial  reforms  and  anti-discrimination,  in  line  with  Deliverables  9  and  10  of  the  20 
Deliverables for 2020.  

Concerning  market  opportunities  and  economic  development,  more  than  40  regional  and  bilateral 
programmes  under  the  EU4Business  initiative  continued  as  the  key  collective  tool  to  deliver 
substantive support for development of SMEs, complementing national reform plans.  

In the area of connectivity, to develop the digital economy, during the third EaP Ministerial meeting 
on  Digital  Economy  held  on  28  February  2019  in  Bucharest  the  Eastern  partnership  countries 
affirmed  their  commitment  to  reduce  roaming  tariffs  through  the  signature  of  a  regional  roaming 
agreement  among  the  Eastern  partners  by  2020.  This  objective  was  not  achieved  but  steps  were 
taken toward the signature of a regional roaming agreement in 2021, and the text of the agreement 
was  negotiated  and  agreed  at  a  technical  level  with  all  Eastern  partnership  countries.  In  addition, 
support for policy work in six priority topics (electronic communications and infrastructure, trust and 
security,  eTrade,  digital  skills,  ICT  innovation  and  start-up  ecosystems  and  eHealth)  is  streamlined 
through the EU4Digital initiative and the related technical assistance programmes. Through the EU 
blending  facility,  the  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform,  grant  funding  will  leverage  loans  from 
partner international financial institutions for investments in broadband. The European Investment 
Plan  also  provides  financial  guarantees  to  attract  private  sector  investments  in  several  areas, 
including digital for development. 

Continuing in the area of connectivity and green transition, in 2020 regional cooperation focused on 
pushing  forward  these  deliverables.  Despite  the  disruptions  caused  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic, 
unrest in Belarus and a conflict in the Caucasus, the regional assistance programmes to prepare the 
EaP countries for the historic challenge of following the European Green Deal has continued. Policy-
dialogue on climate and environment protection issues was continued through technological means, 
launched,  while  some  running  programmes  saw  their 
and  some  new  programmes  were 

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intensified:  2020  saw  the  signature  of  EU4Environment  -  Ecosystems  and 
implementation 
Livelihoods with the World Bank for EUR 6 million. The programme with the European Environment 
Agency implementing the Shared Environmental Information System in the EaP for EUR 6.6 million 
was  finalised.  The  EU  Water  Initiative  Plus  (EUR  23.5  million)  saw  one  result  component  finalised, 
and another two extended to mid-2021 because of implementing issues surrounding the pandemic. 
The programme Environmental Monitoring of the Black Sea (EMBLAS – EUR 1.5 million) was finalised 
and  a  new  monitoring  programme  that  follows  this  has  been  developed.  A  second  phase  of 
EU4Energy was signed, focusing on promoting the green transition, while EU4Climate continued its 
activities to support partner countries to fulfil their commitments under the Paris agreement. 

A EUR 15.4 million programme with the EBRD called FINTECC was launched that will help SMEs and 
mid-sized companies to reduce their impact on the environment, as well as their energy and water 
costs  by  adapting  innovative  and  green  technologies.  Under  the  Covenant  of  Mayors,  an  initiative 
working with municipalities to introduce the EU climate and energy goals, the number of signatories 
has risen to over 450 (compared to 431 in 2019 and 397 at the end of 2018). Additional investments 
for  the  private  sector  are  expected  through  the  Sustainable  Energy  and  Connectivity  investment 
window of the recently launched External Investment Plan. Work under the programme EU4Climate 
was intensified. In the period 2019-2022 this will support the development and implementation of 
climate-related policies by the Eastern Partnership countries which contribute to lowering emissions, 
climate  resilient  development  and  their  commitments  to  the  2016  Paris  Agreement  on  Climate 
Change. The phase II of EU4Energy was signed and the EU4Energy phase I successfully finalised. 

In  the  areas  of  mobility  and  people-to-people  contacts,  the  emphasis  remains  –  in  line  with  the 
Youth and Education Package (almost EUR 330 million of support under 2017–2020 budgets) under 
the  ‘20  Deliverables  for  2020’  –  on  youth  employment  and  employability,  entrepreneurship, 
inclusion, social entrepreneurship as well youth civic engagement.  

In  higher  education,  Erasmus+  supports  students  and  staff  mobility,  full  degree  scholarships  for 
Erasmus  Mundus  Joint  Masters  degree  students,  and  capacity  building  for  higher  education.  From 
2017  -  2020,  more  than  16  000  students,  researchers  and  teachers  from  EaP  countries  were 
provided  with  the  opportunity  under  Erasmus+  to  study  or  teach  in  another  European  higher 
education  institutes.  More  than  34  000  young  people  and  youth  workers  from  Partner  Countries 
took  part  in  non-formal  learning  opportunities  under  Erasmus+  and  other  EU  funded  youth 
initiatives  such  as  the  EU4Youth  initiative  (EUR  35.6  million  for  the  period).  On  the  bilateral  and 
regional levels, substantial steps were undertaken to increase the quality and attractiveness of their 
vocational  education  and  training  systems  and  to  invest  in  young  people’s  skills  development 
according to labour market needs. Also in the areas of mobility and people-to-people contacts, four 
of  the  Eastern  Partnership  countries  (Armenia,  Georgia,  Moldova,  and  Ukraine)  participate  in  the 
Creative Europe programme, supporting the cultural sectors. To date, 70 cultural organisations have 
taken part in projects under this programme as partners and 22 of these have been coordinators of 
small projects. In addition, the four countries took part in the new pilot mobility scheme, i-Portunus, 
resulting in almost 50 individual artist exchanges. 

The 3rd Eastern Partnership Panel on Education, Culture and Youth, took place on 3 and 4 December 
2020.  It  presented  the  achievements  in  Eastern  Partnership  up  to  2020  and  then  continued 
discussing priorities for post-2020 Eastern Partnership cooperation in Education, Youth and Culture 
in line with the Joint Communication on the Eastern Partnership beyond 2020 from March 2020. The 

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panel  gathered  around  100  participants,  representing  all  six  Eastern  Partnership  countries, 
representatives from 11 EU Member States, representatives of the Eastern Partnership Civil Society 
Forum, the Council of Europe, European Training Foundation and EU institutions. The Panel enabled 
policy  dialogue  and  exchange  of  good  practice  on  delivering  high  quality,  inclusive  and  innovative 
teaching  and  learning  in  the  Eastern  Partnership  countries,  with  a  focus  on  digital  education, 
teachers’ policies and the new Erasmus programme (2021-2027).  

From 2017 to 2020, the EU fostered research and innovation cooperation with Eastern Partnership 
countries.  Eastern  Partnerships  entities  have  participated  363  times  in  227  Horizon  2020  grants, 
receiving  EUR  46.3  million  of  direct  EU  contributions.  In  the  same  period,  the  Marie  Sklodowska-
Curie  scheme  support  benefited  a  total  of  406  EaP  researchers.  Various  activities  were  performed 
through the Horizon 2020 policy support facility (PSF) to improve the framework conditions for EU 
scientific cooperation in the region.  

For  the  Black  Sea  Synergy,  the  EU  actions  focused  on  implementing  Green  Deal  elements,  with  a 
Black Sea Green Diplomacy event in November 2020. Furthermore, the Common Maritime Agenda 
and  the  Strategic  Research  and  Innovation  Agenda  for  the  Black  Sea  promoted  a  sustainable  and 
circular  blue  economy  recovery  approach,  better  connectivity,  environmental  protection,  and 
stronger research and innovation. Engagement with civil society was further enhanced, particularly 
with the Black Sea NGO Forum and the implementation of the activities of the second year of their 
EU direct grant of EUR 400 000. The interaction with the international Organisation of the Black Sea 
Economic  Cooperation  was  stepped  up,  including  through  financial  support,  with  direct  grants  for 
discussions on three small-scale projects (EUR 400 000). 

In the Northern Dimension (ND), a renewed focus on people-to-people relations, culture and health 
has been accompanied  by increased  EU funding for the activities of the ND  Partnership for Health 
and  Social  Wellbeing,  as  well  as  the  ND  Culture  Partnership  (in  cooperation  with  EU  National 
Institutes of Culture) and the ND Institute (circa EUR 4 million in 2020). The resulting cooperation is 
expected  to  benefit  sectoral  post-COVID-19  best  practice  exchanges,  regional  youth  initiatives, 
cultural  and  creative  industries,  and  academic  exchanges.  These  initiatives  have  complemented 
continued  efforts  to  address  Soviet  legacy  nuclear  safety  concerns  in  the  Kola  peninsula,  excess 
nutrient runoff into the Baltic Sea, and black carbon emissions in proximity to the European Arctic 
through the ND Environmental Partnership. Efforts to improve regional connectivity in the Baltic and 
Barents  Sea  areas  through  the  ND  transport  and  logistics  partnership  have  also  continued,  with  a 
renewed focus on digital solutions and the decarbonisation of transport. The EU also engaged in the 
work of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) and the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), with 
high-level meetings to address shared regional concerns, ranging from the pandemic to sustainable 
development, as well as selecting new leadership in both organisations’ secretariats. 

In  Spring  2020  additional  flexibilities  to  use  EU  funds  for  the  fight  against  the  COVID-19  pandemic 
were granted to the 13 ENI cross-border cooperation (CBC) multiannual programmes under shared 
management,  operating  on  EU  external  borders  with  the  Eastern  Neighbourhood  countries  and 
Russia. In 2020 these programmes committed most of their (ERDF and ENI) funding to a wide variety 
of  projects  involving  local  and  regional  stakeholders  in  the  Member  States  and  partner  countries 
based  on  principle  of  partnership  on  an  equal  footing.  Support  to  the  environment,  SME 
development  and  people-to-people  cooperation  are  among  the  most  prominent  features  of  the 

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programmes.  Some  programmes  also  managed  to  successfully  tackle  cross-border  health  issues 
related to the pandemic (e.g. Poland-Belarus-Ukraine ENI CBC programme). 

CASE STUDY 

EU COVID-19 Solidarity support for vulnerable groups 

The EU COVID-19 Solidarity support for vulnerable groups has already enabled more than 100 local 
civil  society  organisations  to  provide  essential  social  and  legal  services,  distribute  supplies,  give 
psychosocial support, and promote economic recovery. The currently ongoing EU support of EUR 8 
million spans across all six countries of the Eastern Partnership. 

One  example  is  from  September  2020  in 
Moldova, where Ruslan, an eight-year-old boy 
from  a  small  village  in  eastern  Moldova, 
arrived  at  the  Oncological  Institute  of  the 
Republic  of  Moldova  to  be  treated  for 
leukaemia170. Being hospitalised in the capital, 
far from home, was a challenge for Ruslan and 
his family alike. At the same time, Ruslan had 
to  continue  learning  during  his  long-term 
treatment.  The  family  did  not  know  how  to 
organise  this,  as  the  COVID-19  pandemic 
brought  additional  complications  as  classes 
moved  online  and  the  only  way  to  connect 
with teachers was through electronic devices. 
Ruslan and the other children being treated in 
the  oncological  units  were  provided  with 
laptops  and  headphones  to  continue  attending  the  online  classes.  Thanks  to  the  project,  children 
could  keep  up  with  their  education  and  enjoy  new  forms  of  entertainment  while  undergoing 
chemotherapy. 

4.5.1.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

Ukraine 

After  more  than  six  years  of  an  increasingly  protracted  and  complex  crisis,  the  humanitarian 
situation in Ukraine remains volatile. It is especially grim along both sides of the line of contact, with 
3.4 million people in need of humanitarian assistance. The elderly make up one-third of all people in 
need.  The  coronavirus  pandemic  is  further  aggravating  the  already  dire  humanitarian  situation  as 

170 https://www.clovekvtisni.cz/en/enabling-online-education-for-young-cancer-patients-moldova-7342gp 

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prices have gone up and food insecurity is increasing. The closure of the line of contact due to the 
pandemic  significantly  affects  the  delivery  of  humanitarian  assistance  in  the  non-government-
controlled areas (NGCAs) and the access of civilians to pensions.  

The EU is one of the largest humanitarian donors to the crisis in eastern Ukraine and has provided 
nearly  EUR  190  million  in  emergency  financial  assistance  since  the  beginning  of  the  conflict.  More 
than half of the assistance benefits vulnerable people living in the NGCAs. EU-funded humanitarian 
projects include multi-purpose cash assistance, provision of basic needs, shelter, water, protection, 
health assistance including psychosocial support, education in emergencies, mine risk education, and 
the  distribution  of  essential  items  for  winter.  The  2020  support  also  addressed  COVID-19  related 
needs in eastern Ukraine, with around EUR 10 million of grants adapted to address the impact of the 
pandemic.  The  funding  helps  support  Primary  Health  Centres  and  hospitals  to  provide  medical 
equipment, personal protective equipment and hygiene kits, as well as awareness raising. 

Nagorno Karabakh 

Starting in September 2020, the seven-week long hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan have 
resulted  in  thousands  of  casualties  in  and  around  Nagorno-Karabakh,  including  civilian  deaths  and 
injuries.  The  hostilities  have  also  pushed  hundreds  of  thousands  to  flee  their  homes.  Between 
October and December 2020, the EU allocated EUR 3.9 million in humanitarian support to address 
the  needs  of  the  most  vulnerable  among  the  people  directly  affected  by  the  conflict  in  the  three 
territories. This emergency support allows the EU humanitarian partners to cover the basic needs of 
those  affected  by  the  conflict,  including  food,  multi-purpose  cash  assistance,  winter  items,  health 
support including psychosocial support, medical equipment, and other urgent assistance. 

4.5.1.5. Crisis response and preparedness  

In 2020, the IcSP responded to the crisis unfolding in Belarus, with a capacity building programme for 
civil society stakeholders to maintain their capacities despite the repression they are facing, allowing 
for  the  possibility  of  constructive  dialogue.  The  EU  continued  to  support  actions  through  the  IcSP 
responding  to  the  needs  caused  by  the  crisis  in  Ukraine,  including  support  to  the  OSCE  special 
monitoring mission (SMM), mine action and support for resilience in the Azov Sea region.  

The IcSP continues to be a major supporter of confidence-building and conflict-prevention actions in 
the  South  Caucasus.  Following  the  cease-fire  agreement  over  Nagorno-Karabakh,  the  IcSP  was 
quickly  mobilised  to  help  rebuild  dialogue  networks  among  non-governmental  organisations,  local 
organisations  and  individuals  across  the  conflict  line  as  well  as  to  support  confidence-building 
activities to support the OSCE Minsk Group’s efforts. 

When  it  comes  to  counter-terrorism  actions  in  Neighbourhood  East,  the  EU  focused  on  the 
prevention  of  radicalisation,  with  a  regional  high-level  Conference  on  current  challenges  posed  by 
Foreign  Terrorist  Fighters  that  took  place  in  Vienna  in  February  2020.  The  Conference  addressed 
issues  such  as  the  use  of  passenger  data  collection  systems  and  the  challenges  of  the  effective 
prosecution of Foreign Terrorist Fighters. 

4.5.2.   European Neighbourhood South  

4.5.2.1. Introduction (ENI Priorities and Policy developments)  

The  year  2020  marked  the  25th  Anniversary  of  the  launch  of  the  Barcelona  Process  and the  tenth 
anniversary of the Arab spring. In this context, and to also answer the challenges and consequences 

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of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  in  the  region,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  decided  to  relaunch  and 
strengthen its relations with its Southern Neighbours. To this end, the Foreign Affairs Council held 
discussions  in  May  and  September  addressing,  amongst  other  items,  the  security,  economic  and 
governance situation in the region, and identifying shared challenges. In November, the Ministerial 
Meeting with Southern Neighbours held in Barcelona in parallel with the fifth forum of the Union for 
the  Mediterranean,  provided  the  opportunity  for  an  open  dialogue  where  Southern  partners 
expressed strong interest in the new approach. A strategic debate on the relations with the Southern 
Neighbourhood took place at the European Council meeting in December. EU leaders agreed that a 
democratic,  more  stable,  greener  and  more  prosperous  Southern  Neighbourhood  is  a  strategic 
priority for the EU. It was confirmed that future cooperation will be guided by the key principles of 
the  European  Neighbourhood  Policy.  This  paved  the  way  to  the  preparation  of  the  Joint 
Communication on the renewed partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood, accompanied by an 
economic and investment plan for the region, adopted in 2021171.  

EU and Southern Neighbours continued developing their bilateral cooperation in the framework of 
the  Joint  Documents  under  the  European  Neighbourhood  Instrument.  In  December,  the  EU 
proposed  to  partner  countries  the  extension  of  the  validity  of  the  existing  Joint  Documents  until 
post-2020 documents are agreed. New or updated Joint Documents will inform the preparation of 
the  multiannual  programming  for  the  next  cycle  under  the  EU’s  new  financial  instruments 
architecture. 

Tunisia  has  been  going  through  a  delicate  socio-economic  situation  in  2020  aggravated  by  the 
pandemic.  In  the  framework  of  the  Privileged  Partnership,  and  underpinned  by  the  Strategic 
Priorities  2018-2020,  the  country  has  been  a  major  beneficiary  of  the  Team  Europe  initiative  with 
the acceleration of the payments of budget support planned for 2020 and 2021 and strengthened 
support to the health sector. 

The  dynamics  of  the  EU-Morocco  relationship  picked  up  following  the  adoption  of  the  Joint  EU-
Morocco  Political  Declaration  in  June  2019.  Based  on  the  latter,  discussions  about  the  strategic 
priorities  of  the  long-term  partnership  continued  with  a  view  to  their  endorsement  by  the  next 
Association  Council  in  2021.  An  EU-Morocco  Green  Deal  and  a  digital  partnership  are  being 
considered while cooperation on migration has gathered further momentum. The Sub-Committees 
stemming from the Association Agreement resumed in July. 

Institutional  meetings  between  EU  and  Algeria  resumed  with  several  sectoral  EU-Algeria  sub-
committee  meetings,  which  took  place  in  the  autumn.  The  EU-Algeria  Association  Council  in 
December confirmed the renewed commitment to deepening the partnership in order to achieve its 
full  potential.  Strengthening  stability  in  the  region,  governance  and  human  rights,  economic 
cooperation and trade, the environment, energy and migration were at the core of mutual interests.  

The  EU  and  Egypt  maintained  close,  regular  contacts  at  various  levels  on  foreign  and  security 
matters in the neighbourhood and beyond. The High Representative made his first visit to Cairo in 
September. Egypt’s human rights situation remained a challenge in bilateral relations. 

The  EU  continued  engaging  with  Jordan  in  pursuing  policy  dialogue  and  assistance  programmes  in 
the broad range of areas covered by the EU-Jordan partnership priorities. In particular, the EU added 

171ibid page 5. 

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exceptional macro-financial assistance of EUR 200 million to the existing EUR 500 million assistance 
programme, to help Jordan meet the urgent external financing needs caused by COVID-19. 

In  Lebanon,  the  EU  continued  to  address  the  country’s  political  and  socio-economic  crises, 
compounded by the explosion in Beirut port on 4 August and the COVID-19 pandemic. The President 
of  the  European  Council  Charles  Michel  visited  Beirut  on  8  August.  The  EU  participated  in  the 
Conferences  in  support  of  the  Lebanese  people  on  8  August  and  2  December.  The  Council 
Conclusions  of  December  reinforced  calls  for  the  urgent  formation  of  a  credible  and  accountable 
government  and  the  implementation  of  necessary  reforms  as  conditions  for  the  release  of 
substantial EU assistance.  

The EU remained committed to a two-state solution for Israel and Palestine and throughout the year 
reiterated its clear position that all settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory are against the 
international  law.  The  EU  has  welcomed  the  successful  brokering  of  normalisation  agreements 
between Israel and several key Arab countries, followed by similar agreements with Bahrain, Sudan 
and  Morocco. The  Middle  East  Peace  Process  remained  high  in  the  European  agenda.  EU  Foreign 
Ministers discussed this issue in several informal meetings, with the participation of both Israeli and 
Palestinian  Foreign  Ministers.  The  EU  has  also  continued  supporting,  politically  and  financially,  the 
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), in close 
cooperation with the international donor community. 

The EU continued to provide assistance across Syria and in neighbouring refugee-hosting countries. 
The  EU  supported  the  efforts  to  finding  a  lasting  solution  to  the  conflict  negotiated  under  the 
auspices of the UN according to Security Council Resolution 2254, notably through the Constitutional 
Committee in Geneva and supporting the work of the UN Special Envoy for Syria. The EU is a partner 
to the Global Coalition to defeat Da’esh and maintains substantial restrictive measures on the Assad 
regime. The fourth Brussels Conference in March 2020 generated pledges worth EUR 4.9 billion for 
Syria and kept the Syrian conflict at the top of the international agenda.  

The  EU  continued  its  efforts  to  support  a  return  to  peace  and  a  resumption  of  the  transition  to 
democracy and provided substantial assistance to Libya across a wide range of sectors, as one of the 
largest  donors.  Through  its  active  involvement  in  the  UN-led  Berlin  Process  following  the  Berlin 
Conference  in  January  2020,  the  EU  supported  international  efforts  towards  a  political  solution  to 
the  conflict.  Operation  EUNAVFOR  MED  IRINI  was  launched  on  31  March  as  one  of  the  major  EU 
contributions  to  the  implementation  of  the  UN  arms  embargo.  The  EU  Integrated  Border 
Management Assistance Mission (EUBAM) Libya continued to build Libyan authorities’ capacities in 
the areas of border management, law enforcement and criminal justice. The EU Liaison and Planning 
Cell  (EULPC)  provided  key  security,  intelligence  and  planning  expertise  to  the  EU  and  to  the  UN 
Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).These are examples of EU-UN coordination, as part of the EU-UN 
Strategic Partnership on Crisis Management implementation.  

The implementation of the European Investment Plan made major progress in 2020. Following the 
outbreak  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  the  related  reorientation  of  the  European  Fund  for 
Sustainable  Development  (EFSD)  Guarantee,  focus  is  on  support  to  small  businesses,  addressing 
their financing needs in this difficult period by encouraging local banks to lend to these businesses 
more and by making their borrowing more affordable. The other element of this reoriented support 
focuses on healthcare, especially on testing laboratories. 

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4.5.2.2. Working towards the SDGs  

In the South Neighbourhood, the response to COVID-19 led to a significant reprogramming of funds 
and activities, including those of the Trust Funds, in support of a range of SDGs, such as the health 
sector  (SDG  3)  and  economic  recovery  (SDG  8).  Besides  these  actions,  the  primary  focus  of 
cooperation in the Neighbourhood South was on good governance, the rule of law and human rights 
(SDG 16) to help consolidate democratic processes and contribute to enhancing peace and security 
in the region. In almost all countries, the EU continued to support basic needs and inclusive human 
development (health - SDG 3, gender equality - SDG 5 and education - SDG 4), in particular for the 
most vulnerable, for migrants and for refugees. Support for industry, innovation and infrastructure 
(SDG  9)  as  well  as  for  the  environment  and  climate  action  (SDG  13)  was  also  provided  both 
bilaterally and at regional level. 

4.5.2.3. Implementation 

Algeria 

The  onset  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  in  2020  prompted  an  incisive  reorientation  of  the  Annual 
Action  Programme  for  2019  and  2020  and  the  associated  available  funding  towards  an  EU  COVID-
response package of EUR 75 million for Algeria. This package comprises a major medical and sanitary 
component of EUR 43 million (medical equipment and capacity building of the Ministry of Health), as 
well as a EUR 32 million component supporting socio-economic recovery (Blue Economy programme 
- EUR 22 million- and Youth and Tourism - EUR 10 million). 

Egypt 

Egypt failed to sign Financing Agreements (FA) linked to the Annual Action Programme 2019 owing 
to  the  perception  that  references  to  human  rights  in  the  FA  amounted  to  political  conditionality 
which means that EUR 55 million will be de-committed.  

Three  projects  were  approved  under  the  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform  in  2020,  the  Green 
Economy  Financing  Facility  with  the  EBRD  (EUR  24.86  million),  the  Helwan  Wastewater  Treatment 
Plan with AFD and the EIB (EUR 25.602 million), and the AFD Finance in Common project (EUR 13.25 
million).  

Since March 2020, the Team Europe approach has provided the framework for a coordinated COVID-
19  response 
in  Egypt.  The  EU  together  with  the  European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and 
Development, and the European Investment Bank provided around EUR 3 billion to support Egypt’s 
recovery  from  the  crisis.  To  support  Egypt's  public  health  system,  the  EU  has  mobilised  EUR  89 
million remaining under the budget support programme on health. The EU also has a specific EUR 10 
million programme for an immediate socio-economic response.  

EU  funds  under  the  Annual  Action  Programme  2020  (EUR  110  million)  aim  to  support  civil  society 
and  sustainable  and 
inclusive  socio-economic  development  (water,  energy,  trade,  growth, 
environment, rural and urban development). An intervention under the AAP 2020 specifically aims 
to  improve  the  quality  of  life  for  the  Egyptian  population  through  enhanced  environmental 
performance,  and  climate  change  mitigation,  adaptation,  and  mainstreaming  in  development 
sectors.  

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Israel 

Being an OECD member country, Israel benefits from technical assistance for public bodies, through 
the  institutional  twinning  tool.  Two  twinning  projects  are  on-going  on  a  waste  management 
regulatory  framework  with  the  Ministry  of  Environmental  Protection  and  on  development  of  a 
competitive  regulatory  framework  including  the  retail  and  wholesale  markets  and  other  forms  of 
network access with the Ministry of Communication. 

A regional programme is jointly managed by the EU Delegation to Israel together with the Office of 
the  EU  Representative  in  the  West  Bank  and  Gaza  Strip.  The  European  Peacebuilding  Initiative 
(formerly  EU  Partnership  for  Peace  Programme)  supports  civil  society  organisations  promoting  the 
peace  process  at  the  societal  level  and  fostering  direct  civil  society  relationships  between 
Palestinians and Israelis. 

Jordan 

During  2020,  the  EU  was  quick  to  revise  and  reorient  funds  from  on-going  and  planned  activities, 
making  available  around  EUR  416  million  for  COVID-19  response  and  together  with  its  Member 
States mobilised their humanitarian and development instruments making EUR 722 million available. 
This contributed to address urgent humanitarian needs, improve the provision of health services and 
address the socio-economic impact of the pandemic on the population.  

In general, the EU continued support the governance and rule of law sector, through assistance to 
National  Parliament  digitalisation,  to  training  of  judges  and  digitalisation  of  criminal  records.  Civil 
Society Organisations were supported in parallel. 

The EU provides higher education and vocational training to around 5 000 Syrian refugee students 
and disadvantaged youth in host communities in the form of language training, academic readiness 
skills, coaching and distance education programmes.  

In  the  domain  of  trade  and  private  sector  development,  the  EU  continued  to  work  to  promote  a 
better  business  environment, 
local  companies,  support 
entrepreneurship  and  innovation,  and  facilitate  access  to  credit.  Additional  support  was  given  to 
green energy, solid waste management and water.  

increase  capacity  to  export  by 

In  2020,  new  programmes  were  launched.  One  is  supporting  the  improvement  of  integrity  and 
accountability in Jordanian public administration at central and local level (EUR 15 million) and aims 
at  reinforcing  the  capacity  of  Jordanian  administrations  to  adhere  to  rules  and  regulations  and  to 
monitor  and  assess  the  outcome  of  their  polices  and  to  promote  citizen’s  participation  in  the 
planning and monitoring of Government actions. The second programme addresses social inclusion 
and  empowerment  of  vulnerable  Jordanians  (EUR  24  million)  in  extending  social  support  to 
vulnerable people irrespective of their status (e.g. refugees, in particular). 

Libya 

In  2020,  the  EU  stepped  up  its  assistance  to  Libya  in  the  context  of  the  European  Neighbourhood 
Instrument and under thematic budget lines. New projects were signed in the fields of governance 
and  the  economy  (EUR  23.5  million),  support  to  Civil  Society  Organisations  (EUR  2  million), 
promotion of human rights (EUR 0.7 million), and support to local authorities (EUR 4.2 million). 

In the framework of the UN-led Berlin process, specific expertise was provided to support the Berlin 
process Economic Working Group which is co-chaired by the EU together with the UN, US and Egypt. 

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The  EU  contributed  to  the  COVID-19  response  in  Libya  by  focusing  on  the  reinforcement  of  the 
health system, fighting disinformation, and supporting the post-crisis economic recovery for a total 
of over EUR 66 million. Under the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa, three new programmes for 
Libya  were  adopted  (EUR  45.5  million  of  fresh  funding  and  EUR  30  million  reallocated  funds),  to 
improve the resilience of both Libyans and migrants and refugees, including actions focused on the 
protection of the most vulnerable, community stabilisation and COVID-19.  

The 2020 ENI Special measure for Libya (EUR 10 million) was adopted in August 2020 to strengthen 
the healthcare system at local level, bringing the total allocation to Libya under the ENI to EUR 98 
million  for  2014-2020.  It  will  focus  on  making  available  a  minimum  package  of  health  services  in 
targeted areas and on improving data collection for local planning and decision-making through the 
expansion  of  the  Health  Management  Information  System.  This  will  contribute  to  increase  Libya’s 
readiness to deal with ongoing and future outbreaks.  

Lebanon 

Already  facing  a  major  financial  and  economic  crisis,  Lebanon  was  hit  by  the  Beirut  port  blast  in 
August  that  killed  more  than  200  people  and  injured  many  thousands.  The  explosion  added  a 
tremendous  strain  on  the  country’s  general  economy,  and  created  additional  despair,  loss  of  jobs 
and  tensions.  Approximately  23.2  %  of  the  Lebanese  people  have  been  plunged  into  extreme 
poverty. 

In response to the port explosion, the EU reoriented more than EUR 70 million for immediate needs 
and  mobilised  a  package  of  almost  EUR  100  million  to  address  the  consequences  at  the  port  and 
neighbouring  areas.  The  EU  developed  with  the  United  Nations  and  World  Bank  the  Reform, 
Recovery  and  Reconstruction  Framework  (3RF)  that  sets  out  a  roadmap  towards  sustainable  and 
people-centred recovery  as well as key reforms required  to mobilise investment. From  the Annual 
Action  Programme  2020,  EUR  34  million  were  reoriented  to  the  3RF,  to  make  it  relevant  to  the 
country’s  crisis  situation,  through  programmes  addressing  governance  and  help  to  restore  trust  in 
the State and support civil society, economic recovery and jobs, while restoring and improving basic 
services  and  infrastructures.  In  2020,  the  EU  also  supported  Lebanon  with  specific  actions  to  cope 
with the COVID-19 pandemic. Around EUR 370 million was reoriented or allocated for interventions 
in emergency response, health, water and hygiene, social assistance and socio-economic recovery in 
line with the framework of the EU´s global response to COVID-19. 

Morocco 

In  March  2020,  the  EU  announced  an  exceptional  support  package  for  the  Moroccan  budget  for 
2020,  leading  to  the  immediate  reallocation  of  EUR  150  million,  dedicated  to  the  needs  of  the 
Moroccan  Special  Fund  for  the  Management  of  the  COVID-19  Pandemic.  On  top  of  this,  EUR  300 
million  of  funds  already  allocated  to  Morocco  was  reoriented  towards  the  response  to  the 
pandemic,  by  accelerating  their  mobilisation  to  meet  the  exceptional  budgetary  needs  of  the 
country.  The  EU  strongly  supported  the  implementation  of  these  emergency  policies  as  part  of  a 
dedicated programme - European Support for the Response to the COVID-19 Crisis in Morocco, with 
a  budget  of  EUR  111  million  -  and  by  a  massive  reallocation  of  the  resources  available  to  other 
ongoing sectoral budget support programmes. In total, EUR 433 million was disbursed in the form of 
budget support in 2020.  

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Regarding  the  implementation  of  migration  and  mobility  programmes,  the  partnerships  concluded 
with civil society through the Regional Development and Protection Programme, the UNICEF project 
on the rights of migrant children, the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa project implemented by 
UNHCR and the project Legal empowerment of migrants have enabled a rapid response to alleviate 
the consequences of the sanitary crisis on the vulnerable migrant population with the distribution of 
health and food kits and access to basic services.  

Another  success  in  2020  was  the  Programme  d'appui  de  l'Union  européenne  à  la  croissance  et  la 
compétitivité du Maroc that supports the implementation of a multichannel payment service, which 
allows  integration  of  online  payments  via  bank  card,  ATMs,  e-banking  sites,  payment  applications 
and mobile banking.  

The blending facility contributed in 2020 to deliver employment, sustainable and inclusive growth, 
and renewable energy.  

A total of EUR 263 million was approved to support programmes in areas of education and health, to 
finance  the  action  plan  in  response  to  COVID-19,  to  expand  the  justice  programme,  increase  the 
participation  of  citizens  in  civil  society,  and  to  create  new  opportunities  of  triangular  cooperation 
between  the  EU,  Morocco  and  Africa.  In  addition,  a  new  programme  was  launched  to  enhance 
information and the visibility of EU cooperation activities with Morocco.  

Palestine*172 

EU assistance to Palestine is allocated in line with the multiannual European Joint Strategy.  

The  bulk  of  EU  support  to  Palestine  is  channelled  through  the  PEGASE  instrument  (EUR  159.05 
million of which EUR 85 million is for salaries and pensions, EUR 22.5 million to support the response 
of the East Jerusalem Hospitals to COVID-19 and EUR 45 million to support the incomes of the most 
vulnerable households), contributing to the stability and resilience of the Palestinian Authority. The 
mechanism  is  accompanied  by  a  policy  dialogue  aimed  at  encouraging  reforms,  which  includes  an 
incentive-based framework that links part of this support to reforms in key sectors. In addition, EU 
support to UNRWA (EUR 86.6 million) is of critical significance in maintaining the agency's operations 
and in preserving basic services to Palestine refugees.  

To  support  the  roll-out  of  the  EU  External  Investment  Plan,  the  EU-Palestine  Investment  Platform 
was launched with the Prime Minister. An EIB major loan (EUR 120 million) granted in 2020 to three 
Palestinian banks was a major success.  

Due  to  the  pandemic,  Palestine  is  facing  significant  healthcare  needs.  In  this  context,  the  EU  is 
providing  support  to  the  health  sector  in  particular,  EUR  9.5  million  allocated  to  the  six  East 
Jerusalem hospitals to help cover coronavirus costs and allow them to provide urgent health services 
to COVID-19 patients from East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza. To support the economy, the 
EU  has  put  together  with  European  Development  Banks  a  comprehensive  package  of  economic 
assistance  to  support  SMEs,  the  backbone  of  the  Palestinian  economy,  and  vulnerable  economic 
groups.  The  package  amounts  to  EUR  76.7  million  through  a  contribution  in  financial  instruments 

172 *This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to 
the individual positions of the Member States on this issue. 

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and grants, which will allow mobilisation of EUR 285 million in soft loans and investment from the 
private sector.  

In Palestine, the EU and its Member States, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the European 
Bank  for  Reconstruction  and  Development,  and  the  European  Investment  Bank  designed  a  Team 
Europe package of EUR 373 million to support the Palestinian Authority response to the crisis.  

Syria 

The  continuous  highly  volatile  humanitarian,  political  and  security  situation  on  the  ground  was 
further  exacerbated  by  the  outbreak  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  thus  substantially  affecting  the 
implementation  of  EU  assistance  to  the  Syrian  population  through  the  European  Neighbourhood 
Instrument  and  the  thematic  budget  lines  (CSO-LA,  EIDHR,  PROACT).  Robust  risk  monitoring  of 
projects and mitigation measures continued to be activated in 2020. 

EU  support  to  Syrian  civil  society  remained  significant,  with  activities  focused  on  dialogue  spaces, 
social  cohesion  and  community  empowerment.  Almost  all  projects  with  small  grant  components 
have had a disproportionately positive impact on local communities compared to the small amounts 
invested. In the health sector, a study identified entry points for engagement in human resources for 
health  in  Syria  and  neighbouring  countries.  The  progressive  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic 
throughout  2020  led  to  reprogramming  of  health  and  livelihoods  interventions.  On  Housing,  Land, 
and  Property  (HLP)  rights  and  civil  documentation,  a  considerable  amount  of  analytical  work  was 
produced,  contributing  to  a  better  understanding  of  the  HLP  legal  framework.  Legal  aid  and 
counselling were provided to beneficiaries, which included informal mediation support that helped 
resolving HLP cases at community level. In the area of human rights, progress was observed in the 
implementation of a number of projects with a specific focus on media freedom, transitional justice, 
human rights defenders and the fight against Gender-Based Violence.  

Tunisia 

In 2020, cooperation activities have mostly targeted the three priority sectors of political governance 
and rule of law; sustainable economic growth and employment; and social and regional cohesion.  

The  disbursement  of  over  EUR  240  million  in  budget  support  covering  all  sectors  of  EU  assistance 
was frontloaded to support Tunisia in responding to the socio-economic impact of COVID-19.  

The  AAP  2020  was  also  adapted  in  light  of  the  EU  response  to  COVID-19.  The  previously  planned 
programmes for environment (EUR 120 million) and commercial justice (EUR 33 million) were put on 
hold until 2021. These amounts were used to top up the Economic Governance programme by EUR 
183  million.  In  addition,  the  top-up  to  the  ongoing  health  programme  was  increased  from  EUR  20 
million to EUR 70 million, by postponing the Youth programme until 2021.  

A  key  achievement  in  2020  included  the  inclusion  of  gender  in  the  cooperation  framework,  which 
allowed considerable progress in the realm of political and constitutional reforms. Another notable 
achievement  was  the  favourable  response  regarding  Tunisia’s  adhesion  to  the  Council  of  Europe’s 
Istanbul convention.  

In  Tunisia,  the  EU  together  with  France,  Germany,  the  European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and 
Development,  and  the  European  Investment  Bank  provided  EUR  2  billion  to  provide  equipment  to 
the health sector, emergency financial support to enterprises and to the state budget finances.  

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Since  2017,  Tunisia  has  taken  preliminary  steps  in  the  implementation  of  the  Smart  Specialisation 
process: organisation of awareness and capacity building events and establishment of the national 
Smart Specialisation team. A mapping exercise was carried out by the IRADA programme, which now 
is being complemented by the analysis of economic, innovative and scientific potential undertaken 
by  JRC  experts.  Following  this  phase,  the  Smart  Specialisation  process  will  continue  with  the 
Entrepreneurial Discovery Process where all stakeholders, including the private sector, will come to a 
consensus  on  the  priority  areas  for  investment  in  research  and  innovation.  This  will  lead  to  the 
preparation and adoption of the Smart Specialisation strategy document, which will be followed by 
an informal assessment of the strategy by the JRC.  

CASE STUDY 

The Trust Funds 

Since its creation in 2014, the EU Regional Trust Fund in Response to the Syrian crisis (EUTF Syria) 
has  mobilised  over  EUR  2.3  billion  to  provide  a  coherent  and  integrated  EU  aid  response  to  an 
unprecedented refugee crisis via large scale and flexible projects on education, livelihoods and social 
assistance, health, water and sanitation, as well as protection, most importantly in Lebanon, Turkey, 
Jordan  and  Iraq.  Complementing  the  EU’s  humanitarian  assistance  and  the  Facility  for  Refugees  in 
Turkey,  the  EUTF  Syria  operates  along  the  humanitarian-development  nexus,  supporting  refugees 
from Syria and vulnerable people in the host communities while helping the overstretched countries 
to strengthen their national systems to ensure service delivery to the population. The EUTF Syria is 
implementing an important part of the EU pledges made at the Brussels conferences on the future 
of Syria and the Region in line with the relevant international frameworks. By December 2020, 110 
contracts have been signed, reaching more than seven million beneficiaries. 

A decade into the Syrian crisis, in the year of COVID-19 and in the wake of the Beirut port blast of 
August  2020,  the  EUTF  Syria  demonstrated  once  again  its  fast  and  flexible  response  capacity,  by 
adapting quickly to the new needs of the host countries, whose capacities to respond adequately to 
the  protracted  refugee  crisis  have  been  affected.  The  EUTF  Syria  mobilised  a  specific  COVID-19 
package  worth  EUR  55  million  for  Jordan  and  Lebanon  only  three  months  after  the  pandemic 
outbreak.  In  view  of  the  end  of  the  EUTF  Syria  mandate  in  December  2021,  work  is  ongoing  to 
ensure a smooth transition of the EU´s Syria Crisis Response to NDICI to continue sending a strong 
signal of support to Syria’s neighbours in their unprecedented efforts to help the refugees. 

The  EU  Emergency  Trust  Fund  for  Africa  (EUTF  Africa)  was  created  at  the  Valletta  Summit  on 
Migration  in  November  2015  to  address  the  root  causes  of  instability,  forced  displacement  and 
irregular migration and to contribute to better migration management. The global objective of the 
North of Africa window (worth EUR 899.8 million) is to contribute to safe, secure, legal and orderly 
migration from, to and within the region and support an effective management of migration flows 
that protects human rights. 

In 2020, the EUTF North Africa Operational Committee approved new programmes worth EUR 109.7 
million,  including  a  re-allocation  of  EUR  30  million  from  the  Support  to  integrated  Border  and 
migration management in Libya – second phase programme. EUR 13.3 million was added to ongoing 
actions with new components in support of improved migration governance; labour migration and 
mobility; protection of vulnerable migrants, voluntary return and sustainable reintegration; as well 

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as  community  stabilisation.  Two  new  specific  COVID-19  programmes  were  approved:  a  EUR  10 
million  regional  COVID-19  response  facility  implemented  in  all  EUTF  North  Africa  countries  except 
Libya and a EUR 20 million COVID-19 response programme for Libya.  

The Commission has approved a one-year technical extension of both the EUTF Africa and the EUTF 
Syria to allow more time to commit and contract the contributions received in 2020 from the EU and 
EU Member States, in particular for programmes in response to COVID-19 and the Beirut port blast, 
and  to  compensate  for  the  delays  in  the  implementation  of  actions  caused  by  COVID-19  and  the 
necessary reorientation of funds. 

Regional cooperation 

At regional level, ENI funds continued supporting inclusive economic development, environment and 
climate  change,  independent  media  and  civil  society,  as  well  as  cooperation  on  security  matters. 
However,  the  COVID-19  pandemic  severely 
the  economies  of  the  Southern 
Neighbourhood, and regional Annual Action Programmes 2019 and 2020 were adapted for a total of 
EUR 26 million to address the long-lasting economic consequences of the pandemic on employment. 
In this context, regional initiatives with a focus on job creation were brought forward, notably trade 
and  investment  programmes  with  the  Organisation  for  Economic  Co-operation  and  Development 
and  the  International  Labour  Organisation,  and  a  regional  programme  on  innovation  and  cluster 
cooperation.  

impacted 

Particular  emphasis  was  also  put  on  social  economy  as  an  innovative  model  addressing  social 
problems and inequality in Arab countries, while providing an economic perspective, especially for 
young  people.  Since  2018,  the  MedUP  programme  promotes  the  development  of  social 
entrepreneurship  in  the  Southern  Mediterranean  by  increasing  economic  inclusiveness  and  fair 
employment in Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan.  

In addition, a specific and highly visible regional programme on health security was signed with the 
European  Centre  for  Disease  Control  as  part  of  the  COVID-19  emergency  reaction  to  enhance 
response  capacities  in  partner  countries,  focusing  on  capacity  building  of  epidemiologists  and 
frontline staff. An additional EUR 2.5 million was also added to EU4BorderSecurity in  June 2020 in 
support integrated border management to strengthen the public health and surveillance capacities 
of participating countries at designated airport, harbour and land Border Crossing Points. 

Under  the  Neighbourhood  Investment  Platform  (NIP),  blending  continued  to  be  a  powerful 
instrument to leverage investments in the region through the approval of 14 operations for a total 
amount  of  EUR  276  million  in  2020.  Moreover,  as  part  of  the  COVID-19  response,  Commission 
departments signed three regional facilities totalling EUR 95 million, topping-up existing facilities and 
accelerating  new  programmes  with  European  Financial  Institutions,  to  support  mostly  Small  and 
Medium  Enterprises  and  financial  intermediaries,  by  providing  immediate  liquidity,  more  local 
currency funding, and support to green recovery.  

In  higher  education,  Erasmus+  supported  students  and  staff  mobility,  full  degree  scholarships  for 
Erasmus  Mundus  Joint  Masters  degree  students,  and  capacity  building  for  higher  education.  From 
2014 to 2020, over 60 000 students, researchers and teachers were provided with the opportunity 
under  Erasmus+  to  study  or  teach  in  another  higher  education  institution.  Of  these  38  135  came 
from the region to Europe and 22 278 from Europe to the region (34 % students, 66 % staff).  

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For  the  period  2014-2020,  658  Masters  students  have  received  scholarships  to  take  part  in  the 
Erasmus  Mundus  Joint  Masters  Degree  programme.  Countries  from  the  region  have  also 
participated in Capacity Building in Higher Education Projects with 206 projects funded. 

In  the  field  of  youth  between  2014  and  2020,  11  447  Southern  Mediterranean  young  people 
participated in Erasmus+ youth exchange projects in Europe while 8 310 participants were hosted in 
Southern Mediterranean countries. Between 2014 and 2020, 5 186 Southern Mediterranean youth 
workers participated in youth projects (including training and job shadowing) in Europe while over 2 
242 youth workers were hosted in Southern Mediterranean countries.  

eTwinningPlus and Erasmus+ Virtual Exchange offered a safe web-based platform for staff in schools 
(teachers,  head  teachers,  and  librarians,  etc.)  to  collaborate  and  develop  projects  with  schools  in 
Europe  and  in  some  neighbouring  countries  such  as  Tunisia,  Jordan  and  Lebanon.  The  Erasmus+ 
Virtual  Exchange  was  a  ground-breaking  project  carried  out  between  2018  and  2020  that  enabled 
over 30 000 youth from Europe and the Southern Mediterranean countries to engage in intercultural 
experiences online and to follow different training programmes. 

The EU also continued to assist the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) networks and fora to foster 
dialogues  from  political  to  technical  levels  in  energy,  transport,  environment,  trade,  economy  and 
job creation throughout 2020.  

Cross border cooperation overview: Neighbourhood east and south 

ENI CBC (to be renamed Interreg NEXT) is an important element of EU policy towards its eastern and 
southern neighbours, adding cohesion and territorial cooperation to EU relations from the Arctic to 
the  Mediterranean.  These  multiannual,  shared  management  programmes  offer  an  opportunity  for 
the Neighbourhood partner countries on regional and local level to cooperate with Member States 
counterparts  on  an  equal  footing.  They  contribute  to  trust  building  between  stakeholders  in  the 
Neighbourhood and the EU. Further, the programmes provide an apolitical platform for cooperation 
at regional and local level to tackle common practical problems such as environmental protection, 
including in some sensitive political and even conflict afflicted areas.  

In 2020, the 15 European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) CBC programmes (13 of which are in the 
east) for the period 2014-2020 totalling around EUR 1 billion were in full implementation mode. By 
January 2021, 768 projects were contracted, representing 83 % of all projects selected for support 
and  including  49  large  infrastructure  projects.  The  projects  to  be  implemented  under  these 
programmes  support  sustainable  economic  development  along  the  EU’s  external  borders,  thus 
reducing  differences  in  living  standards  and  addressing  common  challenges  across  these  borders. 
For  each  of  these  programmes,  the  participating  countries  have  selected  up  to  four  thematic 
objectives, such as SME development, culture and environment, and climate change.  

The ENI CBC projects also contributed to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. For example, the 
RESCUE project supported under the Poland-Belarus-Ukraine programme was promoted among 15 
other exemplary projects fighting the pandemic by the Commission.  

Furthermore, the preparation of Interreg NEXT 2021-2027 has progressed during 2020 with 16 out of 
17 programming committees or task forces set-up. The future programmes´ implementation will be 
governed by the European Territorial Cooperation (ETC) regulation. 

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4.5.2.4. Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of  people 
affected by conflicts and disasters  

Libya 

The armed conflict in Libya ended in June 2020, leaving 316 000 people internally displaced and 1.3 
million  in  need  of  humanitarian  assistance.  Despite  the  signature  of  a  ceasefire  agreement  in 
October 2020, the disruption in the provision of basic services and the presence of explosive hazards 
remained  major  constraints  to  safe  and  dignified  returns.  The  COVID-19  outbreak  pushed  the 
already  ailing  health  system  to  the  verge  of  collapse.  The  most  vulnerable  displaced  people, 
returnees,  migrants  and  refugees  also  need  food,  shelter,  and  essential  non-food 
items. 
International  humanitarian  law  violations  and  human  trafficking  are  rampant,  with  reports  of 
abduction,  abuse,  and  smuggling.  Humanitarian  access  has  improved,  including  a  field  mission  by 
Commission departments’ staff starting in late 2020, but with limitations due to the pandemic and 
related bureaucratic hurdles. 

In 2020, Commission departments deployed operations worth EUR 9 million providing assistance in 
conflict-affected  areas  to  vulnerable  IDPs,  refugees  and  migrants,  as  well  as  returnees  and  host 
communities. It supported essential healthcare for victims of the conflict, including emergency war 
surgery,  trauma  kits,  physical  rehabilitation,  prosthesis  and  psychosocial  support,  provision  of 
essential  medicines,  and  care  for  survivors  of  gender-based  violence.  It  also  contributed  to  the 
restoration  of  primary  healthcare  services  in  conflict-affected  areas.  In  Eastern  Libya,  the  most 
vulnerable  conflict-affected  children  received  Education  in  Emergencies  (EiE)  and  psychosocial 
support.  Humanitarian  partners  adapted  on-going  programmes  to  respond  to  the  pandemic  and 
stepped-up  awareness  campaigns  and  hygiene  promotion.  The  Commission  also  contributed  to 
coordination and logistics support of the humanitarian response, including UNHAS flights.  

Egypt 

Egypt remains a country of destination and transit for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, with 
people arriving from the Middle East and East Africa. Almost 260 000 registered refugees and asylum 
seekers are stranded in the most overcrowded and poorest neighbourhoods of Egypt’s large cities, 
where hosting communities suffer from similar levels of vulnerability. Syrians account for 50 % of the 
refugee  population,  while  other  refugees  are  mainly  from  East  Africa,  Iraq  and  Yemen.  Many 
refugees live near or below the poverty line, with 50 % reporting that they have resorted to begging 
to meet their daily basic needs. The situation has been compounded by the COVID-19 crisis, which 
has caused a drastic reduction of already precarious livelihood opportunities, leading many more to 
resort to negative coping mechanisms. 

In  2020,  Commission  departments  deployed  operations  worth  EUR  5  million  with  a  focus  on 
humanitarian  protection,  multi-purpose  cash  assistance  for  basic  needs,  and  Education 
in 
Emergencies.  38  %  of  all  refugees  are  children,  with  2020  seeing  a  sharp  and  ongoing  increase  of 
unaccompanied and separated children.  

Sahrawi Crisis  

After  four  decades  of  unresolved  political  conflict  with  humanitarian  consequences,  tens  of 
thousands  of  Sahrawi  refugees  are  stranded  in  a  forgotten  and  protracted  crisis.  They  live  in  five 
camps  in  the  desert  of  southwest  Algeria  with  little  access  to  outside  resources,  making 
humanitarian aid essential to their survival. 

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In 2020, Commission departments deployed operations worth EUR 9 million, supplying safe drinking 
water  and  food  to  tackle  the  rising  malnutrition  among  Sahrawi  refugee  children  and  women. 
Thanks to an EU-funded project, the dependency on water trucking has been gradually diminished. 
The Commission provided essential medicines covering 80 % of the health needs of the population in 
the  camps,  and  specific  support  for  people  with  disabilities.  Humanitarian  assistance  also 
contributed to camps preparedness for a potential COVID-19 outbreak, by providing medicines, hand 
washing stations and protective equipment. The  EU has funded an introductory project within the 
framework of education in emergencies, to equip the schooling infrastructure with sanitary facilities. 

4.5.2.5. Crisis response and preparedness 

Syria  continues  to  constitute  a  significant  part  of  the  IcSP  portfolio.  In  2020,  two  new  IcSP 
exceptional assistance measures were adopted for Syria, while funding for two existing actions was 
increased.  This  new  support  focuses  on  the  delivery  of  basic  health  services  and  on  an  inclusive 
political process in North-East Syria. It complements ongoing actions dedicated to stabilisation in the 
North-East, notably through demining, as well as continued support to accountability and to the UN-
led peace process. This includes the Syria peace process support initiative, co-funded by Germany, as 
well as the promotion of an inclusive peace process through the Women Advisory Board. 

When  a  massive  explosion  hit  Beirut,  the  capital  of  Lebanon,  on  4  August  2020,  the  Commission 
quickly mobilised additional support under the IcSP to assist the strained medical sector. There were 
thousands  of  injured  people,  several  hospitals  had  been  severely  damaged,  and  the  COVID-19 
pandemic continued. An IcSP action that had started in April 2020 to help the Lebanese public health 
system respond to COVID-19 was reinforced to quickly increase the number of beds and equipment 
available in public hospitals to deal with the double crisis. In Palestine, a new action supported the 
UNRWA health services to address the immediate needs for health and related services linked to the 
COVID-19 pandemic.  

In  Libya,  support  through  the  IcSP  has  been  specifically  designed  to  support  the  UN-led  efforts  to 
promote  and  facilitate  the  Libyan  Political  Process  and  the  implementation  of  the  January  2020 
Berlin  Conference.  This  includes  logistical  support  related  to  the  process  itself;  support  to  human 
security  for  the  civilian  Libyan  population,  including  de-mining  action;  as  well  as  sophisticated 
support  for  ceasefire  monitoring.  Mediation  efforts  supported  through  the  IcSP  continued  and 
directly  contributed  to  the  Montreux  agreement  in  September  2020,  which  was  a  central  step 
toward the relaunching of the Libyan Political Process. 

The EU has also taken specific actions to fight terrorism in Neighbourhood South. Support provided 
to  Tunisian  magistrates  helped  carry  out  counter  radicalisation-related 
investigations  and 
contributed  to  the  better  management  of  terrorist  detainees  in  prisons.  In  Algeria,  Morocco  and 
Tunisia,  the  EU  provided  training  and  expertise  to  Counter-terrorism  officials  and  security  services 
with  a  law  enforcement,  investigation  or  prosecution  mandate.  Finally,  the  EU  also  contributed  to 
developing  a  Libyan  National  Strategy  on  Counterterrorism.  However,  with  the  current 
circumstances,  as  well  as  the  longstanding  lack  of  solid  security  institutions  in  Libya,  its 
implementation remains very challenging. 

Delivering  on  its  set  priorities  on  fighting  terrorism  in  external  relations,  the  EU  has  undertaken  a 
number of specific actions to support partner countries. In Lebanon, the EU helped to operationalise 
the  2018  National  Strategy  to  combat  Violent  Extremism  and  assisted  in  the  drafting  of  Lebanon’s 

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National  Action  Plan,  aiming  to  reinforce  intra/inter-agency  cooperation  and  tackling  the  issue  of 
overcrowded  prisons  and  the  risk  of  radicalisation  of  detainees.  In  Jordan,  an  EU-funded  project 
aimed at youth empowerment via the promotion of (social) media literacy in schools contributed to 
countering radicalisation and fostering mutual understanding among youth in four governorates. 

4.6.  Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)  
4.6.1.  Introduction (Policy developments) 

The Overseas Association Decision (OAD)173 establishes the legal framework for relations among the 
Overseas Countries and  Territories (OCTs)174, the Member  States  to which  they are linked  and the 
EU. As stated in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the purpose of the association 
is  to  promote  the  economic  and  social  development  of  the  OCTs,  to  establish  close  economic 
relations between them and the EU as a whole, and to promote EU values in the wider world. 

In this context, the EU provided financial support to the OCTs for 2014-2020, through the EDF, with 
EUR 364.5  million  allocated  under  the  11th  EDF–OCT,  and  through  the  Greenland  Instrument  with 
EUR 217.8 million from the EU budget175. 

The 11th EDF–OCT resources available to the OCTs are (Annex 2 of the OAD): EUR 229.5 million for 
territorial allocations to 16 OCTs, in accordance with the criteria established in the Decision; EUR 100 
million  for  regional  cooperation  and  integration;  EUR 21.5  million  in  Envelope B  to  finance 
humanitarian  and  emergency  assistance;  EUR 5  million  to  finance  interest  subsidies  and  technical 
assistance through the OCT Investment Facility managed by the EIB; and EUR 8.5 million for studies 
and technical assistance. 

Regional programmes seek to foster cooperation among OCTs in the same region that share similar 
challenges  and  priorities.  Partnerships  with  other  funding  sources,  including  other  EU  financial 
instruments, are encouraged through cooperation with the neighbouring ACP and/or third countries 
as well as the EU’s outermost regions. 

In  addition  to  territorial  and  regional  programmes,  an  allocation  for  the  Thematic  programme 
covering all OCTs fosters inter-OCT cooperation. 

173https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013D0755 
174Until 31 January 2020, the EU OCTs depended constitutionally on four of the EU Member States: Denmark, 
France, United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The 25 EU OCTs were: Anguilla, Aruba, Bermuda, Bonaire, British 
Antarctic  Territory,  British  Indian  Ocean  Territory,  British  Virgin  Islands,  Cayman  Islands,  Curaçao,  Falkland 
Islands, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Territories, Greenland, Montserrat, New Caledonia, 
Pitcairn  Islands,  Saba,  Saint  Helena  and  Dependencies,  Saint  Martin,  Saint  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  Saint 
Barthélemy, St Eustatius, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands and Wallis 
and Futuna. 
After  the  UK  withdrawal  on  31  January  2020,  13  EU  OCTs  remain:  Greenland  (DK),  French  Polynesia  (FR), 
French Southern and Antarctic Territories (FR), New Caledonia and Dependencies (FR), Saint Barthelemy (FR), 
St. Pierre and Miquelon (FR), Wallis and Futuna Islands (FR), Aruba (NL), Bonaire (NL), Curaçao (NL), Saba (NL), 
Sint Eustatius (NL), Sint Maarten (NL).  
175 The European Council’s decision on relations between the EU and Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark 
(https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0137&from=EN) allocates EUR 217.8 
million  for  the  period  2014–2020  to  encourage  cooperation  between  the  Union  and  Greenland  in  areas  of 
mutual interest. 

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Despite  the  departure  of  the  12  UK  OCTs  on  31  January  2020  (Brexit)  following  the  terms  of  the 
Withdrawal Agreement, all 12 UK OCTs have benefitted from the EDF (and budget funds) related to 
the 2014-2020 MFF. Nevertheless, as from the Brexit date they are no longer entitled to participate 
in the institutional set-up of the OAD. 

4.6.2.  Working towards the SDGs  

The EU actively supported the OCTs on Agenda 2030 during the 2014-2020 programming period.  

SDG 3 Good Health and Wellbeing 

EU budget support helped to finance the connection of Wallis and Futuna to the Tui-Samoa digital 
cable.  The  introduction  of  broadband  has  made  it  possible  to  have  over  300  remote  medical 
consultations a year for a population of 11 558 people. 

SDG 4 Quality education 

Access  to  quality  education  fosters  equality  and  is  an  essential  means  of  achieving  sustainable 
growth  and  jobs.  This  is  the  rationale  for  EU  cooperation  with  Greenland.  This  budget  support 
programme  (almost  EUR  215  million  for  the  period  2014-2020)  is  the  most  substantial  EU-OCT 
cooperation programme.  

Aruba’s cooperation (total EUR 13.05 million) aims at offering innovative STEM (Science, Technology, 
Engineering,  and  Mathematics)  curricula  in  a  consortium  with  European  learning  centres  of 
excellence.  

With EU support, Anguilla and the Turks and Caicos Islands addressed the impacts of the pandemic 
on  the  education  sector  and  continued  to  rebuild  and  improve  school  infrastructure  following  the 
devastation of hurricanes Irma and Maria. 

Through the Erasmus+ programme, the EU also supported OCTs in facilitating mobility of individuals, 
and reinforcing intercultural dialogue and understanding. OCT participation has more than doubled 
since 2018, in the number of both projects and beneficiaries. From 87 projects with 41 beneficiaries 
(total  EUR  3.2  million)  in  2018,  participation  grew  to  177  projects  and  95  beneficiaries  (EUR  5.5 
million) in 2020. 

SDG 6 Clean water and sanitation 

As part of the broader EU support to access to water and sanitation, the construction of wastewater 
collection systems and of treatment facilities contributes to delivery on SDG 6. The programme for 
Sint  Maarten  (EUR  7  million)  aims  to  enhance  resilient  public  service  infrastructures  through  the 
expansion of the sewerage network in the territory.  

SDG 7 Affordable and clean energy 

Sustainable energy is key to achieving the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement with the long-term 
objective to decarbonise economic activity. In Saba (total EUR 3.55 million) and Sint Eustatius (total 
EUR 2.45 million) the EU supported the development of the necessary policy and legal framework in the 
energy sector, providing further impetus to ensure access to sustainable energy. 

SDG 8 Decent work and economic growth 

Bilateral  programmes  for  French  OCTs  (total  of  EUR  105.7  million)  contributed  to  the 
implementation  of  SDG  8.  The  EU  support  on  employment  (New  Caledonia),  sustainable  tourism 

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(French  Polynesia  and  Saint  Pierre  et  Miquelon)  and  digital  (Wallis  et  Futuna)  drives  progress  in 
ensuring sustained economic growth, full employment and decent work. 

SDG 13 Climate action, SDG 14 Life below water and SDG 15 Life on land 

As islands, the OCTs are very vulnerable to climate change and environmental degradation. The all-
OCT Thematic Programme and the Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Pacific regional programmes (for a 
total  of  EUR  97.8  million)  are  dedicated  to  ensuring  the  sustainable  use  of  natural  resources, 
protecting biodiversity and supporting climate actions and resilience, showing the vital importance 
of these areas and SDGs for all OCTs. The European Green Deal will provide further impetus to EU-
OCT cooperation on global challenges, like the environment and climate change. 

4.6.3.  Implementation 

Institutional dialogue 

The institutional political and policy dialogues foreseen in the OAD have continued throughout the 
year despite the exceptional circumstances prevailing in 2020 due to the COVID-19 crisis. The main 
political event, the 18th  EU-OCT  Forum, was chaired by Commissioner Urpilainen on 10  December 
2020  in  Brussels.  It  took  place  by  video  conference  under  the  auspices  of  Curaçao  as  Chair  of  the 
OCT Association (OCTA) and saw the participation of high-level representatives from the OCTs and 
relevant Member-States. Two tripartite consultation meetings were held in February and November, 
also  chaired  by  the  European  Commission,  with  participation  from  OCTs  and  relevant  EU  Member 
States.  No  partnership  ad  hoc  working  parties  took  place,  as  the  bulk  of  the  work  focused  on  the 
COVID-19 response.  

Bilateral cooperation  

As part of the EU global response to COVID-19, OCTs benefited in 2020 from the reorientation of on-
going  programmes  and  the  front-loading  of  budget  support  operations.  Together  with  the 
mobilisation of all remaining funds from the EDF OCT B-envelope (emergency assistance), the total 
amount  of  the  Commission's  COVID-19  response  to  OCTs  went  up  to  EUR  111  million.  For  more 
details on the global COVID-19 response, see Table 1 in Chapter 1. 

OCTs in the Caribbean region 

With the adoption of the 11th EDF programming documents for Curaçao and Sint Maarten in 2020, 
all OCTs have finalised their programming and the entire territorial envelope was committed before 
the  end  of  2020.  The  programme  for  Curaçao  will  enhance  climate  and  social  resilience  through 
improved basic infrastructure and community strengthening. In Sint Maarten work will focus on the 
extension  of  the  sewerage  system,  while  providing  technical  assistance  for  the  potential 
strengthening of cross-border cooperation with Saint-Martin.  

COVID-19  support  to  the  Caribbean  OCTs  was  channelled  through  the  topping  up  of  the  regional 
cooperation programme and the frontloading of budget support operations, bringing total support 
to EUR 28.1 million.  

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OCTs in the Pacific region 

To support the Pacific OCTs during the COVID-19 crisis, budget support operations were frontloaded 
and topped up from the B-envelope, for a total of EUR 19.86 million. New Caledonia continued to 
undertake efforts in the employment sector through better access to training programmes. French 
Polynesia mitigated adverse effects of the pandemic on the tourism sector and started reviewing its 
sustainable tourism strategy to foster resilience. Wallis and Futuna expanded digital services linked 
to the Tui-Samoa broadband cable176, improving tele-medicine facilities in the territory. 

Greenland 

Greenland benefited from a contribution of EUR 33.22 million from the 2020 EU budget focusing on 
education.  This  programme  supports  the  reform  of  the  elementary  school  system,  contributing  to 
improve school management and to upgrade skills of teachers. 

Regional and all-OCTs cooperation  

One  thematic  and  three  regional  programmes  are  being  implemented  under  the  11th  EDF.  UK 
territories  will  continue  to  benefit  from  these  programmes,  despite  the  UK’s  withdrawal  from  the 
EU,  until  the  programmes  are  concluded.  The  Pacific  regional  programme  (EUR 36  million) 
contributes  to  protecting  biodiversity  and  renewable  natural  resources,  the  Caribbean  regional 
programme (EUR 40 million) focuses on resilience, sustainable energy and marine biodiversity, and 
the Indian Ocean regional programme (EUR 4 million) aims to improve the surveillance of terrestrial 
and  marine  ecosystems  in  the  French  Southern  and  Antarctic  Lands,  restoring  ecosystems  and 
reinforcing prevention. The all-OCTs thematic programme (EUR 17.8 million) focuses on sustainable 
energy, climate change and COVID-19 response measures.  

Finally, through an operating grant in 2020, the Commission supported the OCT Association with its 
mandate of representing OCTs and facilitating dialogue with OCT partners. 

Lessons learnt 

Budget support is generally the preferred implementation modality for OCTs’ territorial allocations 
(14 partners out of 17, including Greenland). It is an efficient way of addressing crosscutting, long-
term and structural challenges, of focusing on the results of territorial policies and of maintaining a 
constructive  policy  dialogue.  Practice  confirms  that  this  modality  provides  satisfactory  results  in 
OCTs  through  a  high  level  of  appropriation  from  local  authorities.  Thanks  to  front-loading,  budget 
support  proved  also  very  appropriate  for  tackling  emerging  needs  due  to  the  COVID-19  crisis. 
Overall,  nearly  EUR  83  million  of  direct  budget  support  was  agreed  for  disbursement  in  favour  of 
OCTs in 2020. 

CASE STUDY  

Greenland-EU Cooperation: Expanding education opportunities in the Arctic 

Greenland is the world’s largest island, accounting for 20 % of the total EU surface. With 0.03 people 
per  square  kilometre  (or  35  km2  per  each  inhabitant),  it  has  the  lowest  population  density  in  the 

176The  Tui-Samoa  submarine  cable  runs  between  Apia,  Samoa  and  Suva,  Fiji,  with  landing  stations  in  Savai’i, 
Savusavu and Wallis and Futuna. 

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world.  Combined  with  limited  infrastructure,  this  poses  formidable  challenges  for  ensuring  equal 
access to quality education. 

The EU and Greenland joined hands through the Greenland Education Programme. This partnership 
pools budget support, technical expertise and policy dialogue to achieve a higher standard of living 
and quality of life in Greenland. Our cooperation has yielded positive results. The island registered a 
7  %  increase  in  graduations  between  2013  and  2019.  Better  quality  of  education  increased 
employability with about 99.3 % of students finding a job within one year of graduation. In particular 
girls  and  women  benefitted  from  this  cooperation.  They  account  for  54  %  of  vocational  training 
graduates, 60 % of high school graduates and 70 % of graduates from tertiary education. Innovation 
and digital technologies are pivotal elements of this success. Greenland initiated a distance learning 
high school programme (eGUX) in 2018, which has proved especially valuable during the COVID-19 
crisis,  fostering  resilience.  Our  policy  dialogue  informed  a  draft  new  Law  on  Higher  Education 
inspired by international education quality standards, and an education strategy for the period 2020-
2030  to  consolidate  the  achievements  of  the  reform.  Finally,  Greenland’s  strong  commitment  to 
education is also demonstrated in the budgetary allocations to the sector, which increased from 14.8 
% in 2005 to 25 % of the total budget in the past few years.  

4.6.4.  Humanitarian  aid  and  civil  protection  –  responding  to  the  emergency  needs  of 
people affected by conflicts and disasters 

In 2020, the EU continued to support the provision of relief assistance and protection to vulnerable 
Venezuelan migrants and refugees in the southern Caribbean, including the Nederland Antilles. This 
assistance  has  been  channelled  through  the  Commission’s  network  of  humanitarian  mandated 
organisations.  Moreover, during  2020,  following  the  EU  Civil  Protection  Mechanism  activation,  the 
Netherlands offered in-kind assistance to the Dutch Caribbean islands, including medical equipment, 
tests, personal protective equipment, ventilators and medicines. In-kind assistance was delivered to 
Curacao, Aruba and Sint Maarten by air and sea transport.  

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5.  Managing Aid  

5.1.  Monitoring Systems  
5.1.1.  New reporting system on SDGs  

At  the  end  of  2018,  the  Working  Party  on  Development  Finance  Statistics  of  the  OECD’s 
Development  Assistance  Committee  (DAC  WP-STAT)  that  supervises  ODA  reporting  among  DAC 
members, decided to start reporting on SDGs in ODA statistics.  

The  decision  made  before  the  end  of  2018  to  adjust  reporting  rules  allowed  reporters  to  have 
complete annual data sets by SDGs as of year 2019. However, before starting to compile data, there 
was  no  time  to  create  any  rules  to  support  consistency  of  reporting,  or  to  support  the  input  of 
statistics  by  operational  teams.  The  data  quality  of  the  SDG  field  therefore  remains  a  work  in 
progress.  It  is  expected  that  a  first  set  of  business  rules  for  enhancing  the  consistent  encoding  of 
SDGs will be operational before the end of 2021.  

In  addition,  electronic  tools  using  artificial  intelligence  and  text  mining  techniques  are  currently  in 
development to support the mapping of relevant SDGs at project and programme level. They should 
provide  a  helpful  data  quality  instrument  for  agents  in  charge  of  designing  projects  and  encoding 
project data in IT systems and reporting.  

Targeted  SDGs  are  recorded  at  commitment  and  payment  level  as  per  ODA  taxonomy.  The 
transversal  nature  of  SDGs  is  taken  into  account,  as  one  single  commitment  is  often  connected  to 
several SDGs (with the system allowing up to 10 entries). This allows presenting the multiple benefits 
of any action in relation to the SDGs, and the compilation of all actions that contribute to a particular 
SDG.  Consequently,  unlike  vertical  sectoral  statistical  breakdowns  such  as  the  DAC  purpose  codes, 
the  aggregate  total  is  larger  than  the  figure  for  total  ODA  as  several  SDGs  can  be  targeted 
simultaneously.  In  order  to  address  this  issue  while  preserving  the  reporting  of  interlinkages 
between SDGs, a change has been implemented at the end of 2020. It is now mandatory to report 
one single main SDG and up to 9 significant SDGs for each project. With the new system, the sum of 
financial flows related to the main SDG will always equal the total amount of financial flows, but it 
will  still  be  possible  to  report  several  SDGs  for  one  project  by  using  the  significant  SDG  field.  Year 
2021 data will be the first to benefit from this new system. 

The coverage of SDG reporting has improved since 2019 and will further improve in future reporting 
years. For year 2020, SDGs were reported for 97 % of committed amounts excluding administrative 
costs  (compared  to  80  %  in  2019)  and  74  %  of  disbursements  (51  %  in  2019).  With  the  caveats 
mentioned above about methodological approaches under constant review and improvement, it is 
possible  to  the  trace  all  the  projects,  and  aggregate  the  related  volume  of  commitments,  which 
contribute to the implementation of each individual SDG in Figure 1 below.  

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Figure 1. Synthesis of the volume of commitments for each SDGs in 2020 (EUR) 

3.18 billion 

1.72 billion 

9.63 billion 

1.7 billion 

3.74 billion 

1.82 billion 

1.94 billion 

4.61 billion 

1.93 billion 

3.3 billion 

1.72 billion 

1.14 billion 

2.68 billion 

110.4 million 

831.2 million 

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3.35 billion 

2.59 billion 

In  2020,  the  proportion  of  commitments  that  have  been  reported  with  more  than  one  SDG  has 
substantially  increased  (50  %  up  from  9  %  in  2019)  and  14  %  of  commitments  are  reported  with 
more  than  five  SDGs  (up  from  1  %  in  2019).  This  denotes  a  better  understanding  of  the  notion  of 
interlinkages between SDGs and that each action can create synergies across the whole framework, 
contributing  to  the  pursuit  of  sustainable  development.  At  the  same  time,  it  makes  all  the  more 
necessary  to  have  a  reporting  system  that  presents  a  main  and  other  significant  SDGs  in  order  to 
handle aggregated information better.  

A preliminary analysis has shown that the SDGs used most in a multiple combination are SDG 1, 5, 8 
and 9, reflecting their highly transversal nature177.  

In this context of recognised complexity and recalling that most projects contribute to several SDGs, 
the top five targeted SDGs in 2020 is quite similar to the list from 2019: SDG 1 (Poverty reduction - 
pursued by projects amounting to EUR 3.18 billion), SDG 5 (Gender equality – EUR 3.74 billion), SDG 
8 (Decent work and economic growth – EUR 4.61 billion), SDG 10 (Reducing inequalities – EUR 3.3 
billion)  and  SDG  16  (Peace,  justice  and  strong  institutions  –  EUR  3.35  billion).  Consistent  with  the 
nature of the SDGs, which balance the three dimensions of sustainable development, this reporting 
also  shows  a  significant  and  growing  effort  to  contribute  to  the  SDGs  that  are  closer  to 
environmental concerns.  

The  statistics  also  allows  examination  of  the  geographic  breakdown  of  specific  SDGs.  The  two 
examples below show the geographical focus of SDG 10 (reducing inequalities – see Figure 2), where 
Africa dominates, and SDG 4 (quality education – see Figure 3) where the breakdown is more even. 

177 A more detailed analysis of interlinkages of SDGs and related guidance remains to be elaborated further, to 
enhance  consistency  in  the  reporting  of  projects  that  contribute  to  several  SDGs,  including  a  coherent 
presentation of the main SDG and other significant SDGs.  

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Figure 2. Funds committed to projects contributing to SDG 10 in 2020 

Africa 
39% 

Unspecified 
15% 

Oceania 
1% 
America 
6% 

Europe 
12% 

Asia 
27% 

Figure 3. Funds committed to projects contributing to SDG 4 in 2020 
Oceania 
1% 

America 
8% 

Europe 
15% 

Unspecified 
15% 

Africa 
32% 

Asia 
29% 

Another way to look at the data is to focus of the Commission interventions in one or several SDGs in 
a given country or group of countries.  

As an example, the two figures below show the SDG targeted by the Commission in Least Developed 
Countries  (Figure  4)  and  Upper  Middle-Income  countries  (Figure  5)  in  2020  (commitments).  While 
poverty  reduction  and  basic  services  dominate  in  LDCs,  the  SDGs  targeted  are  much  more  evenly 
spread  in  UMICs  with  a  focus  on  growth  and  environmental  issues.  Again,  the  quantitative 
information  below  indicates  the  volume  of  commitments  of  all  projects  that  contribute  to  a 
particular SDG, but these figures should be considered as they stand, without further aggregation, 
given that most projects contribute to several SDGs.  

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Figure 4. Commitments by SDG to Least Developed Countries in 2020 (EUR) 

No Poverty 

983 million 

Zero Hunger 

599.6 million 

Good Health and Well-
being 

842.1 million 

Quality Education 

420.7 million 

Gender Equality 

951.8 million 

Clean Water and 
Sanitation 

Affordable and Clean 
Energy 

Decent Work and 
Economic Growth 

Industry, Innovation 
and Infrastructure 

409 million 

339.3 million 

1.07 billion 

356.1 million 

Reducing Inequalities 

621.5 million 

Sustainable Cities and 
Communities 

97.75 million 

Responsible 
Consumption and 
Production 

33.16 million 

Climate Action 

380.2 million 

Life Below Water 

0 

Life On Land 

99.4 million 

Peace, Justice and 
Strong Institutions 

Partnerships for the 
Goals 

1.06 billion 

363.2 million 

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Figure 5. Commitments by SDG to Upper Middle-Income countries in 2020 (EUR) 

No Poverty 

385 million 

Zero Hunger 

67.16 million 

Good Health and Well-
being 

90.63 million 

Quality Education 

257.4 million 

Gender Equality 

405 million 

Clean Water and 
Sanitation 

Affordable and Clean 
Energy 

Decent Work and 
Economic Growth 

Industry, Innovation and 
Infrastructure 

255.3 million 

75.9 million 

655.8 million 

264.5 million 

Reducing Inequalities 

304 million 

Sustainable Cities and 
Communities 

123.4 million 

Responsible Consumption 
and Production 

234 million 

Climate Action 

364.4 million 

Life Below Water 

30.9 million 

Life On Land 

97.43 million 

Peace, Justice and Strong 
Institutions 

491.8 million 

Partnerships for the Goals 

458.3 million 

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The exercise of reporting on SDGs is only at the end of its second year and is improving constantly. 
With  the  new  Multiannual  Financial  Framework  starting  in  2021,  the  objective  remains  to 
incorporate  it  in  the  financial  annexes  of  the  annual  report  starting  next  year,  based  on 
methodological improvements and supporting tools and guidance under elaboration both at OECD 
and at Commission level.  

5.1.2.  Evaluation: review of the work programme  

Commission evaluation services are responsible for steering, coordination, monitoring and reporting 
of the evaluation function. They produce timely, high-quality evaluation results to ensure evidence 
for informed decision-making and accountability. They carry out strategic evaluations, which can be 
geographic, thematic, sectoral or focused on specific financing instruments or budget support. They 
also  monitor  and  support  the  evaluations  carried  out  by  other  Commission  departments  that 
implement EU projects and programmes. 
In  2020,  the  Commission  published  eleven  strategic  evaluations  in  the  field  of  EU  external  action, 
comprising: 

•  Two thematic evaluations, on conflict prevention and peacebuilding, and on gender equality 

and women’s and girls’ empowerment (2010-2018);  

•  Two country-level evaluations on EU cooperation with Myanmar and Armenia; 
•  A  mid-term  evaluation  of  the  EU  Emergency  Trust  Fund  for  Stability  and  Addressing  Root 

Causes of Irregular Migration and Displaced Persons in Africa (2015-2019); 

•  A Strategic evaluation of EU’s State Building Contracts (2012-2018);  
•  An evaluation of the Civil Society Organisations and Local Authorities thematic programme 

(2014-2019); 

•  An evaluation of the EU’s engagement with Civil Society in the enlargement, neighbourhood 

regions and Russia over the period 2007-2018; 

•  An evaluation of EU Support to local authorities in Enlargement and Neighbourhood regions; 
•  An evaluation of the performance of EU Info Centres in the Enlargement and Neighbourhood 

regions (2011–2017); and  

•  An  evaluation  of  Capacity  Building  in  Support  of  Security  and  Development,  in  accordance 
with  the  requirements  of  the  amendment  to  the  Instrument  contributing  to  Stability  and 
Peace Regulation, from 2017. 

As of December 2020, strategic evaluations were in progress for the following areas: 

1)  Ten thematic/instrument evaluations on: 

a)  Migration; 
b)  Sustainable food systems; 
c)  Rule of Law and anti-corruption; 
d)  ‘Collect  More,  Spend  Better’:  PFM  including  domestic  resource  mobilisation  and 

utilisation; 

e)  EU cooperation with the World Bank; 
f)  EU cooperation with the UN;  
g)  The EU initial response to COVID-19; 
h)  IPA CBC mid-term evaluation; 

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i)  EU  support  to  climate  change  and  environment  in  neighbourhood  and  enlargement 

regions; and 

j)  TAIEX. 

2)  Thirteen country-level evaluations on: 

a)  Angola; 
b)  Central African Republic; 
c)  Guatemala; 
d)  Mauritania; 
e)  Tajikistan 
f)  Tunisia; 
g)  Serbia; 
h)  Montenegro; 
i)  North Macedonia; 
j)  Moldova; 
k)  Georgia; 
Iraq; and 
l) 
m)  Ukraine. 

3)  Two budget support evaluation on: 

a)  Kyrgyzstan; and 
b)  Morocco. 

5.1.3.  Lessons learned  

Some key lessons emerged from the evaluations of EU cooperation published in 2020. 

Mid-term  evaluation  of  the  EU  Emergency  Trust  Fund  for  Stability  and  Addressing  Root  Causes  of 
Irregular Migration and Displaced Persons in Africa (2015-2019)  

The  evaluation  assessed  the  extent  to  which  this  Emergency  Trust  Fund,  whose  implementation 
activities  started  only  in  2016,  has  achieved  its  objectives  at  this  point  in  time  (mid-term).  The 
evaluation concluded that the EUTF, being a short-term emergency instrument, seemed to have too 
wide  a  mandate;  despite  its  time-limited  nature  it  was  tasked  with  addressing  the  root  causes  of 
some  of  the  most  intractable  societal  challenges  that  are  faced  by  partner  countries. Important 
results  have  been  achieved  in  building  the  capacity  of  national  bodies  responsible  for  migration 
management throughout the EUTF region and cross-border cooperation between these bodies has 
been an important development in some cases. However, the EUTF’s focus on irregular migration, 
combined with weak migration policy frameworks in partner countries, has somewhat undermined 
attempts  to  engage  in  effective  dialogue  on  the  larger  migration  challenges. Still,  with  a  focus  on 
some  of  the  world’s  most  vulnerable  groups,  the  EUTF  has  established  a  solid  and  comprehensive 
system for knowledge production and quality assurance in the area of migration. 

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Evaluation of the Civil Society Organisations and Local Authorities thematic programme (2014-2019) 

The  purpose  of  the  evaluation  was  to  assess  the  EU  support  given  to  Civil  Society  Organisations 
(CSOs)  and  Local  Authorities  (LAs)  partners  through  the  CSO-LA  Thematic  Programme,  focusing  on 
the support made at country level and managed by the EU Delegations. The evaluation found that 
the  ambition  level  of  the  programme  was  too  high,  reaching  its  ambition  would  require  more 
attention to the challenges of political economy (and especially which opportunities to seize) as well 
as to whole-of-EU approaches. The adoption of a predominantly project-based approach, the choice 
of  mechanisms,  and  available  procedures  were  not  ideal  for  reaching  the  ambitious  and  highly 
complex aims of the programme. Better use of resources implies more flexible modalities and more 
attention  to  supporting  interventions  that  are  likely  to  be  transformative  or  contribute  to 
transformation either by being linked to wider processes or because they are genuinely catalytic. 

External Evaluation of EU’s Support to Conflict Prevention & Peacebuilding (2013-2018) 

The  evaluation  assessed  the  extent  to  which  the  EU  has  achieved  its  conflict  prevention  and 
peacebuilding  (CPPB)  objectives  and  the  impact  of  EU  CPPB  support  on  the  ground  between  2011 
and 2018178. Furthermore, it was intended to examine the progress recorded by the EU in its support 
for CPPB since the 2001-2010 evaluation. EU support to CPPB has clearly generated an added value 
by  its  substantial  financial  resources,  long-term  commitment,  convening  power,  relative  political 
neutrality and willingness to invest in complex situations of conflict and protracted crisis. There has 
been progress on mainstreaming CPPB at higher policy and strategic levels but insufficient progress 
at regional, country-related strategic and intervention levels. 

In  addition,  there  is  a  need  to  provide  guidance on  how  to  translate  high-level  CPPB  political 
priorities and objectives into programming and implementation. The EU frequently adopts a reactive 
rather  than  a  proactive  stance  in  delivering  support  for  CPPB.  Translating  early  warning  into  early 
action  remains  difficult.  Human  rights  integration  was  overall  appropriate,  but  there  is  room  to 
improve the mainstreaming of gender sensitivity, in particular at the implementation level.  

External Evaluation of the EU’s Cooperation with Myanmar (2012-2017) 

The  evaluation  assessed  the  extent  to  which  the  EU  has  achieved  its  development  cooperation 
objectives and impact on the ground during the period 2012-2017. The EU pursued a comprehensive 
approach to support peace in Myanmar. Peace was addressed across four sectors, and interventions 
were  in  general  conflict-sensitive  although  this  was  not  always  approached  in  a  formalised  and 
systematic  manner.  Significant  results  were  achieved.  However,  some  intended  results  were  not 
achieved, such as linking education to the labour market. Positive results were achieved on gender 
and  human  rights  at  the  intervention  level,  however,  without  resulting  in  substantial  nation-wide 
advances  towards  greater  respect  for  human  rights,  fundamental  freedoms  and  gender. 
Environment and climate change considerations were insufficiently integrated into programming. In 
general,  there  is  a  need  to  implement  a  systematic  approach  to  conflict  sensitivity  across  the  EU 
country programme, in order to ensure sustainability and continuity. 

178 Although the evaluation as commissioned referred to the 2013 - 2017 timeframe, 2018 was also included. 

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Evaluation of EU cooperation with Armenia 

The  timeframe  covered  by  the  evaluation  was  2010–2017.  The  EU’s  geopolitical,  cultural  and 
economic  influence  and  the  range  of  instruments  and  modalities  available  have  provided 
considerable  added  value  to  its  cooperation  with  Armenia.  System-wide  changes  were  realised  in 
the areas of vocational education and training, agriculture and rural development. The justice sector 
improved  largely  in  terms  of  legislation  and  institutional  reforms,  but  improvements  in  the  actual 
performance of the judiciary and criminal justice system were constrained by inadequate resources 
and political will from the side of the Government. Public administration reform was constrained by 
the absence of a central government authority to coordinate and implement reforms, while public 
financial management progressed well. Legislative and constitutional changes improved the formal 
situation with regard to human rights, supported by an innovative EU human rights budget support 
programme. Engagement with and support for civil society organisations has contributed to a more 
healthy  and  vibrant  civil  society  scene;  their  involvement  in  policy  and  dialogue  has  strengthened 
policy making in some areas. The EU has emerged at the end of this evaluation period with clearer 
objectives  and  a  coherent  and  powerful  range  of  instruments  to  support  Armenia’s  resilience, 
development and reforms within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy. More work 
is  needed,  however,  to  strengthen  monitoring,  evaluation  and  learning  at  the  level  of  the  EU’s 
strategic  support  to  the  country.  Larger  interventions  can  be  improved  with  more  realistic 
assessments of political economy factors and organisational capacities at the design stage, together 
with greater responsiveness to events during implementation. Staff levels in the delegation need to 
be proportional to the workload.  

Evaluation of EU Support to local authorities in Enlargement and Neighbourhood regions 

The  evaluation’s  scope  covered  the  2010-2018  period,  during  which  the  EU  has  increasingly  been 
taking local authorities seriously as policy interlocutors, development actors and key entry points for 
strengthening  democracy  at  local  level.  Furthermore,  the  EU  has  progressively  been  using  a  wider 
set of modalities and instruments to assist local authorities, and in a conducive environment this has 
led  to  comprehensive  and  truly  integrated  approaches,  enabling  local  authorities,  benefiting  local 
citizens  and  businesses,  as  well  as  improving  accountability  and  effective  service  delivery.  The  EU 
used  two  types  of  engagement  for  empowerment:  The  first  is  aimed  at  fostering  more  systemic 
reforms through, for example, increased allocation from central government and increased share of 
taxes retained locally. Secondly, the EU also uses smaller project approaches, such as local economic 
development interventions, with the ambition of raising the economic activity level to catalyse job-
creation  and  increase  the  local  tax  base.  Clearly,  the  systemic  reforms  are  often  more  sustainable 
and  transformative.  However,  in  a  less  conducive  environment,  stand-alone  projects,  particularly 
those  with  a  longer-term  vision  to  progressively  strengthen  local  authorities  and  change  national 
framework  conditions  can  be  a  strategic  option.  In  all  cases,  the  issue  of  politics  is  central  in 
explaining success and failure - especially with more comprehensive reform efforts. The outcomes of 
the  EU’s  work  have  been  most  impressive  when  embedded  in  wider  government-led  efforts  to 
improve the framework conditions. 

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The Evaluation of the performance of EU Info Centres in the Enlargement and Neighbourhood regions 
(2011–2017)  

The evaluation was intended to support EU Info Centre communication performance improvements 
in the enlargement region and to assess the potential for the introduction of similar structures in the 
neighbourhood region. EU Delegations in the Western Balkans and Turkey are overall pleased with 
the support received from the EU Info Centres and believe they contribute to improving awareness 
of EU policies, projects and values, and of the accession process. In neighbourhood partner countries 
communication  agencies  are  running  multi-channel  campaigns,  are  a  good  contribution  to 
awareness  and  some  examples  of  behaviour  change  can  be  identified.  The  assessment  of 
performance in both regions tends to focus on reach data and observations while opportunities for 
analysis  and  learning  of  lessons  are  not  harnessed.  Despite  the  lack  of  available  evidence  to  draw 
conclusions  on  efficiency  and  effectiveness,  which  is  therefore  a  significant  weakness  in  the  Info 
Centre  approach,  it  is  concluded  that  contractors  performed  well  in  meeting  EU  Delegation 
expectations  for  communication  support,  including  in  generating  additional  visibility  of  the  EU,  in 
particular  in  relation  to  Europe  Days  and  the  other  similar  events.  On  the  other  hand,  EU  Info 
Centres  have  not  performed  well  as  walk-in  information  centres,  and  this  relates  to  the  low 
relevance  of  this  type  of  service  to  public  needs.  Several  targeted  recommendations  for  reviewing 
the human and financial resources as well as the intervention logic underpinning the work of the EU 
Info Centres have been developed. 

Evaluation of the EU’s engagement with Civil Society in the enlargement, neighbourhood regions and 
Russia over the period 2007-2018 

The  evaluation  assessed  the  range  of  ways  in  which  the  EU  has  supported  and  engaged  with  civil 
society in these regions through targeted financial support; mainstreamed support, i.e., support to 
civil society, as implementing partners; and policy-level engagement with civil society, e.g., through 
policy dialogue and multi-stakeholder fora. The evaluation highlighted the relevance of EU support, 
particularly  in  countries  where  there  is  shrinking  space  for  CSOs  to  participate  in  democratic 
processes,  and  the  well-defined  complementarities  in  the  cooperation  of  EU  and  Member  States. 
Consultation with CSOs on needs and priorities has become increasingly systematic and the use of 
Financial  Support  to  Third  Parties  has  increased  opportunities  for  smaller  CSOs.  On  the  more 
negative side, the evaluation found that the commitment and contracting of funds to support civil 
society  does  not  fully  reflect  strong  EU  policy  statements  in  favour  of  civil  society.  Also,  the 
evaluation found that EU Monitoring and Evaluation systems do not effectively capture and report 
on  the  quantity  and  quality  of  civil  society  support  and  that  sustainability  of  civil  society 
interventions is not adequately addressed by grant beneficiaries or the EU.  

Evaluation of the EU's external action support in the area of gender equality and women’s and girls’ 
empowerment (2010-2018) 

The evaluation assessed the contribution of EU external action support in the policy area of gender 
equality  and  women’s  empowerment  (GEWE), 
in  particular  the  relevance,  conditions  of 
implementation and performance of EU external action (provided by the EU, the European External 
Action Service (EEAS) and EU Member States) to promote GEWE and its mainstreaming, particularly 
its efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability, and the EU added value.  

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Making further progress on GEWE requires strong leadership, i.e., at HQ and partner country level, 
strongly  embedded  in  the  institutional  and  organisational  set-up  and  processes.  Gender  expertise 
needs  to  be  in  place  in  influential  positions  in  the  hierarchy,  both  at  HQ  and  at  EUD  level;  gender 
task  forces  cutting  across  sectors  help  to  reinforce  mainstreaming.  The  absence  of  comprehensive 
and coherent approaches, based on initiatives already in place in the partner country, hampers the 
consolidation of positive experiences at local level and limits the possibilities to strategically address 
root  causes  of  gender  inequality.  Gender  analysis  has  proven  its  value  for  enhancing  gender 
mainstreaming  in  EU  support,  but  needs  to  be  further  systematised  and  deepened  (in  sectors  of 
cooperation  not  yet  covered).  It  is  useful  to  combine  activities  focussing  on  the  EU’s  rights-based 
approach with activities focusing on GEWE, as it contributes to increasing synergies between internal 
EU  processes.  Multi-country  initiatives  with  international  organisations,  such  as  UN  agencies,  can 
provide  clear  benefits  at  various  levels  for  the  EU,  including  access  to  expertise;  however,  they 
cannot compensate for the absence of leadership on GEWE at EU level. Actively involving national 
CSOs  in  structured  programming  and  policy  processes  of  EU  external  action  in  the  area  of  GEWE, 
such  as  CSO  Roadmaps,  is  a  pre-condition  for  ensuring  that  the  support  to  GEWE  going  through 
these  actors  contributes  to  the  expected  objectives  at  macro  level.  Non-spending  activities 
promoting GEWE at country level (such as ad hoc events or site visits by high level officials) need to 
be better connected to EU support in the main areas of cooperation and related spending actions on 
GEWE;  this  would  further  enhance  their  value  added  in  terms  of  contribution  to  the  expected 
outcomes. 

Combined  Evaluation  of  the  European  Union’s  Humanitarian  Interventions  in  Iraq  and  in  the 
Protection Sector, 2014-2018 

This  combined,  independent  evaluation  focused  on  Commission  department’s  humanitarian 
interventions  in  Iraq  and  its  humanitarian  protection  interventions  globally  from  2014  to  2018;  it 
included  a  case  study  on  child  protection  and  education.  Programming  in  Iraq  and  globally  in  the 
Protection sector generally achieved short-term objectives; addressing broader threats and deeper 
vulnerabilities  encountered  more  challenges.  Advocacy  in  Iraq  had  multiple  areas  of  success. 
Efficiency  and  cost-effectiveness  in  Iraq  were  appropriate,  with  possibilities  for  building  staff 
capacities. Nexus results were relatively weak despite some successes. There was some variability in 
the quality of needs analyses in Iraq and globally, with good relevance of programming relative to 
needs  identified  and  the  context,  though  with  questions  regarding  the  decreased  funding  in  2018. 
Recommendations  focus  on  strengthening  protection  programming,  advocacy,  strategic  planning, 
capacity for assessing efficiency and cost-effectiveness, deliberation around humanitarian principles, 
and the nexus. 

Evaluation of the European Union’s humanitarian assistance in Ukraine, 2014-2018 

This evaluation covers Commission programming in Ukraine 2014-2018 (EUR 118.4 million). In total 
65 actions were delivered by 21 Implementing Partners and covered Protection, Health, Basic Needs 
(including  Food  Security,  Water,  Sanitation  and  Hygiene),  and  Education  in  Emergencies.  The 
evaluation  found  that  Commission  departments  were  rapid  and  effective,  and  overall  performed 
very  well.  They  demonstrated  system-wide  leadership  in  strategic  thinking  and  coordination. 
Member  States  highly  regarded  the  field  team’s  strength  and  its  access  to  the  Non-Government-
Controlled  Areas  (NGCAs).  In  Ukraine,  Commission  departments  supported  several  innovations: 
notably system-wide joint and impartial needs assessment, advancing an explicit Joint Humanitarian-

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Development  Framework  with  the  other  European  Union  services,  and  supporting  the  creation  of 
the  Ukraine  Humanitarian  Fund.  All  donors,  including  Commission  departments,  were  somewhat 
slow to adapt their programming to the unusually high proportion of vulnerable elderly persons in 
the  affected  population.  Government,  development  and  humanitarian  actors  were  also  slow  to 
connect  and  work  together  in  the  most-affected  Government-Controlled  Areas.  Although  access  is 
difficult,  needs  in  the  NGCAs  remain  high,  and  should  continue  to  be  the  focus  of  advocacy  and 
programming in 2020 and beyond. 

Capacity Building in Support of Security and Development evaluation (2020) 

This initial evaluation of CBSD reached positive preliminary conclusions about the added value of the 
initiative, in line with SDG 16. Lessons learned include: i) Balancing crisis response needs and longer-
term  engagement:  Ensuring  that  actions  realistically  reflect  what  can  be  achieved  in  the  time 
available is key; ii) Sustainability: While it is desirable that capacity-building efforts are sustainable in 
the  long  term,  in  the  context  of  crisis-response  actions,  the  primary  objective  is  short-term  crisis 
response  with  a  view  to  achieving  development,  not  military,  objectives.  From  this  perspective, 
capacity-building  of  military  actors  is  a  means  to  a  short-term,  civilian  end.  A  close  link  between 
CBSD actions and the political dialogue conducted by the EU with national authorities is needed to 
achieve  and  sustain  positive  outcomes;  iii)  CBSD  conditionality:  The  recourse  to  military  actors  to 
undertake  development  activities  where  they  are  the  only  actors  who  can  do  so  under  the  given 
circumstances poses several challenges. One is to ensure that they add value while not undermining 
civilian efforts to carry out similar activities elsewhere or as soon as conditions allow civilian actors 
to  take  up  their  role  again;  iv)  Respect  for  human  rights  and  the  rule  of  law:  ensuring  respect  for 
human rights and the rule of law is a cornerstone of CBSD engagement. CBSD actions are found to 
include relevant activities to strengthen respect for human rights and the rule of law; v) Managing 
expectations:  CBSD  actions  do  not,  and  will  not,  provide  comprehensive  military  assistance.  CBSD 
actions  are  to  be  used  exclusively  in  the  specific,  exceptional  circumstances  outlined  in  the 
Regulation  and  must  focus  on  civilian  ends;  vi)  Integrated  approach:  Benefits  of  CBSD  actions  are 
particularly  notable  where  they  form  part  of  an  integrated  approach,  combining  different 
development or humanitarian instruments and forms of engagement  toward a common objective, 
with a view also to ensuring effective civil-military coordination. 

5.2.  Aid delivery modalities  
5.2.1.  Budget Support  

EU budget support has been instrumental in helping 95 countries and OCTs in their response to the 
pandemic and to the global slowdown – quickly, tangibly and meaningfully. 

For  that  purpose,  the  European  Union  disbursed  EUR  3  billion  of  budget  support  grants  in  2020 
reaching an exceptionally high level compared to payments in the recent past that have ranged from 
EUR 1.6 to 1.8 billion annually between 2014 and 2019. In 2020, budget support accounted for 24 % 
of  all  payments  made  by  Commission  departments  International  Partnerships  and  Neighbourhood 
and Enlargement Negotiations. 

The  EU  has  demonstrated  a  great  deal  of  flexibility  by  redesigning  and/or  topping-up  on-going 
budget support programmes, front-loading payments and designing new operations where needed, 
notably  Resilience  Contracts  in  the  Western  Balkans  (Kosovo,  North  Macedonia,  and  Montenegro) 
and  in  the  Neighbourhood  (Armenia,  Georgia,  and  Morocco).  Policy  dialogue,  support  to  reforms, 

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budget  support  eligibility  checks,  and  progress  monitoring  continued  to  be  performed  despite  the 
circumstances. 

Assisting poor households in Paraguay 

With the contribution of EU budget support and 
additional  technical  assistance,  more  than  two 
million vulnerable people benefitted from state 
subsidies  for  food  and  social  assistance  to 
mitigate  the  negative  effects  of  the  pandemic. 
The  EU  supported  the  government  of  Paraguay 
to accelerate the rollout of its social protection 
scheme Vamos! 

These  funds  provided  the  partner  countries  with  additional  fiscal  space  to  cope  with  revenue 
shortfall, to meet additional costs for health systems and to finance their efforts towards households 
or local businesses in need. In some instances, it was essential to preserve macroeconomic stability 
and ensure business continuity for states’ key functions and essential public services179. This financial 
support contributed to fostering countries’ resilience, allowed them to keep a focus on the reforms 
pursued in different sectors and prevented further economic and social setbacks. 

Delivering public services in Afghanistan 

The  Citizens’  Charter 
is  a  government-led 
programme  in  Afghanistan  to  bring  basic  public 
services to the population and to empower local 
bodies to decide over the use of funds. With EU 
irrigation, 
it  delivers  clean  water, 
support, 
electricity,  roads,  healthcare  and  education  to 
communities.  Since  2016,  it  has  benefited  more 
than 13 million people, notably providing access 
to  clean  drinking  water  for  over  two  million 
people in rural communities.  

In  devising  this  response,  the  EU  has  built  on  its  extensive  experience  with  budget  support  in  fragile 
situations and post-crisis/disaster contexts. An evaluation of 42 State and Resilience Building Contracts180, 
implemented in 23 countries between 2012 and 2018, was carried out in 2020 and provided insights on 
delivering assistance in difficult settings. It showed how EU budget support had contributed to strengthen 
health systems and administrative capacities more generally, and how it made countries more resilient, 
when the COVID-19 crisis hit. It assessed that the EU programmes have contributed to gains in access to 

179  Examples  of  EU  budget  support  contribution  to  countries’  COVID-19  response  plans  and  to  SDGs  more 
broadly can be found in the Budget Support – Trends and Results report 2021. 

180 See https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/evaluation-eu-state-building-contracts-2012-2018_en  

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social  services,  notably  for  girls  and  women.  However,  the  evaluation  recommended  paying  more 
attention to equitable access to those services and to their quality. 

Investments over the years to upgrade country systems through budget support proved to be critical to 
meet needs stemming from the crisis, with more effective public services. This was true for health (e.g. in 
Burkina Faso and Morocco), social protection (e.g. in Bangladesh, Paraguay and Rwanda), education (e.g. 
Kyrgyzstan), agriculture (e.g. Guatemala) and business environment (e.g. North Macedonia, Georgia and 
Senegal). The promotion of digitalisation also led to efficiency and accessibility gains for administrations, 
which helped during the crisis (e.g. Dominican Republic and Tunisia). 

Fostering resilience in North Macedonia 

With EU contributions, more than 2 000 micro and small 
companies,  employing  some  15  000  workers,  received 
support  with  loans  and  conditional  grants  (subject  to 
environment  and  socio-economic  objectives).  64  %  of 
the  companies  were  run  by  women  and  9  %  by  young 
persons.  Almost  one-quarter  of  beneficiaries  were 
in  the 
in  the  area  of  green  economy  or 
active 
digitalisation of their operations. 

With an additional EUR 10 million of EU budget support, 
nearly  1  400  people  started  their  own  business,  of 
which 32 % were women and 36 % young people, and 111 new jobs were created, of which for 59 
were for women. The scheme was successful in reaching out to 135 people who had lost their jobs 
due  to  the  COVID-19  crisis  including  20  persons  with  disabilities  and  26  persons  from  the  Roma 
community.  

Budget support has been a key element of the Team Europe response to COVID-19. It allowed the 
EU  to  engage  in  discussions  with  our  partner  countries  on  their  COVID  response  plans  and  to 
become an active player in their rollout. By providing the EU with a platform for dialogue with the 
authorities  on  their  plans,  EU  budget  support  contributed  to  including  essential  safeguards  and 
promoting accountability in the use of public funds in response to the COVID-19 crisis. 

Improving social protection in Rwanda 

The  EU  supported  Rwanda’s  COVID-19  response 
with  a  view  to  mitigating  the  impacts  of  the 
pandemic  on  the  poorest.  The  EU  helped  to 
improve social protection coverage of at least 400 
000  vulnerable  households  with  cash  transfers, 
food  assistance,  access  to  finance  and  improved 
basic  services.  In  addition,  with  the  EU  budget 
support  contribution,  two  million  families  could 
benefit from health insurance. 

When  amending  existing  programmes  or  designing  new  ones,  additional  requirements  were 
included in the financing agreements to mitigate risks, e.g., requiring reporting on exceptional fiscal 

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measures  or  special  funds,  asking  for  audits  by  the  relevant  public  institutions  (and  sometimes  by 
private audit firms in support) and empowering civil society organisations in this follow-up. The EU 
also  joined  forces  with  Member  States  (Team  Europe  approach);  the  IMF,  other  international 
institutions (notably WHO) in its support to countries and in its monitoring of the situation. 

In the Enlargement and the Eastern Neighbourhood regions, budget support has a strong emphasis 
on public administration and public finance management reforms, which contribute to transforming 
the  national  legislative  and  regulatory  frameworks.  Strengthened  public  administration  and  public 
finance management improve quality assurance processes for more streamlined strategic planning, 
coordination,  monitoring  and  human  resources  management  across  administrations.  This  focus 
helped  in  2020  to  provide  for  reinforced  oversight  and  safeguards  regarding  exceptional  COVID-
related procedures used by the authorities. 

EU  budget  support  was  provided  in  full  complementarity  with  other  EU  interventions  (e.g.  ACP-IF 
with the EIB for sovereign lending or EFSD for private sector financing with DFIs) and with Member 
States’  actions  more  widely  (such  as  budget  support  by  Member  States).  It  was  fully  coordinated 
with  EU  macro-financial  assistance  in  the  Neighbourhood  and  Pre-Accession  countries  (in  Georgia, 
Jordan,  Moldova,  Ukraine  and  in  Albania,  Bosnia-Herzegovina,  Kosovo,  Montenegro  and  North 
Macedonia). 

Reforming waste management in Jordan 

With more than EUR 120 million since 2015, the EU has 
contributed  to  the  reform  of  the  waste  management 
sector  in  Jordan.  As  part  of  EU-funded  reforms,  Jordan 
has  upgraded  its  solid  waste  management  law  and 
modernised 
system.  The 
framework  in  place  now  provides  for  environmental 
standards in line with international best practises. 

sector  monitoring 

its 

In addition, the EU has contributed to the rehabilitation 
of two landfills and to four pilot recycling projects within 
refugee  camps  and  host  communities,  creating  new  jobs  for  Jordanians  and  Syrian  refugees  alike. 
This investment in environmental protection paves the way for further EU efforts towards a green 
recovery In Jordan. 

This  exceptional  effort  was  also  coordinated  with  on-going  discussions  on  debt,  which  the  EU  has 
been supporting with its Member States at G20 level. The EU supported the Debt Service Suspension 
Initiative,  promoted  the  Common  Framework  on  Debt  Treatments  and  contributed  with  EUR  183 
million to the IMF Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust, to meet eligible low-income countries’ 
debt service obligations to the IMF and free up money for their COVID-19 response. 

EU  budget  support,  as  well  as  the  EU  contribution  to  debt  relief,  provided  additional  budgetary 
resources to partner countries in 2020 and will continue to do to so in coming years, in order to deal 
with  the  consequences  of  the  crisis  and  to  build  back  better.  In  this  perspective,  the  European 
Commission  announced  a  Global  Recovery  Initiative  bringing  together  budget  support,  sustainable 
investment  and  debt  relief  around  an  ambitious  policy  agenda  for  promoting  SDGs.  The  synergies 
between  budget  support,  budgetary  guarantees  and  targeted  support  to  improve  the  investment 

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climate  as  part  of  the  new  integrated  NDICI-Global  Europe  will  be  essential  to  fund  a  sustainable, 
digital and inclusive recovery and to meet countries’ medium-term financing needs. 

5.2.2.  Blending  

To finance the SDGs and respond to an increasingly complex world, development finance needs to 
rely on a combination of funding sources. To increase the impact of ODA, public and private funds 
must be leveraged as efficiently as possible. The EU must be ready to adapt and further develop its 
financial  instruments  and  policy  tools  for  investments  outside  the  EU  if  it  is  to  deliver  on  its 
ambitious commitments to sustainable development. 

In this context, the EU through blending uses limited amounts of public grants to mobilise financing 
from partner financial institutions, like international development banks and the private sector, for 
projects that will do most to help countries develop. The strategic use of a limited grant element can 
support  projects  with  low  financial  return  but  a  high  economic  (i.e.  societal)  return.  Blending 
projects aim to achieve sustainable growth and reduce poverty. 

The  EU  Blending  Framework  currently  comprises  seven  active  regional  blending  facilities181  (Africa 
Investment  Platform  (AIP),  Asia  Investment  Facility  (AIF),  Caribbean  Investment  Facility  (CIF), 
Investment  Facility  for  Central  Asia  (IFCA),  Investment  Facility  for  the  Pacific  (IFP),  Latin  American 
Investment Facility (LAIF), and Neighbourhood Investment Platform (NIP)) and covers all regions of 
EU  external  cooperation  (with  the EU-Africa  Infrastructure  Trust  Fund  having  allocated  all 
its remaining resources in 2019). From the creation of the first blending facilities in 2007, more than 
EUR 8 billion of EU grants are estimated to have leveraged around EUR 70 billion of loans by financial 
institutions  and  regional  development  banks  for  a  total  investment  volume  of  more  than  EUR  115 
billion.  

The amounts approved in 2020 are presented in the Table 3 below. 

2020 

NIP 
AIP 
ITF 
LAIF 
Thematic 
IFCA 
AIF 
CIF 
IFP 
Total 

406.2 
212.91 
0 
28.35 
131.13 
15.08 
85.17 
23.0 
16.2 
918.04 

Table 3. EU Blending contributions approved in 2020 

(EUR million – not including fees) 

181  A  regional  blending  facility  in  the  Western  Balkans,  the  Western  Balkans  Investment  Framework  is  not 
covered by this report. For more information please see: www.wbif.eu/.  

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In addition, in 2017 the European Commission developed the External Investment plan (EIP), a new 
EU  initiative  offering  an  innovative  way  to  attract  more  investment,  in  particular  from  businesses 
and private investors, to countries in Africa and the EU Neighbourhood. At the core of the EIP, the 
European Fund for Sustainable Development (EFSD) combines a new guarantee instrument with two 
regional  investment  platforms  (the  Africa  Investment  Platform  (AIP)  and  the  Neighbourhood 
Investment Platform, NIP).  

The  EFSD  has  approved  guarantees  and  blending  investments  in  over  200  projects  in  Sub-Saharan 
Africa  and  the  EU  Neighbourhood,  with  an  EU  contribution  exceeding  EUR  5.3  billion  to  date.  This 
financing  is  expected  to  mobilise  over  EUR  53  billion  of  investments  in  financial  inclusion  and 
support to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, as well as in renewable energy, energy efficiency, 
irrigation, water and wastewater management, agriculture, transport, cities and digital sectors, and 
social and education sectors. 

Both  within  the  EFSD  framework  and  the  other  Regional  Facilities,  investments  in  the  year  2020 
were  reoriented  to  support  the  EU  global  response  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  its  economic 
consequences.  Several  projects  provided  support  to  the  health  sector,  while  others  focused  on 
providing  finance  to  sectors  and  entrepreneurs  most  likely  to  be  affected  from  the  crisis.  This 
included  sectors  such  as  MSMEs  and  entrepreneurs  such  as  women,  young  people  and  other 
marginalised groups.  

5.2.3.  EU budget Guarantees  

The  European  Fund  for  Sustainable  Development  (EFSD),  the  financial  arm  of  the  External 
Investment Plan and a powerful de-risking tool, is one of the largest public guarantee programmes in 
support of private sector investment for development. In 2020, the EFSD contributed to bridging the 
gap  between  the  financing  already  available  and  the  financing  still  needed  to  create  jobs,  boost 
growth and meet the other United Nations SDGs. 

EU budgetary guarantees for loans to banks and other financial intermediaries are particularly well 
suited  to  de-risk  investment  in  partner  countries  and  support  their  sustainable  development.  This 
has made EFSD an important part of the EU’s global response to COVID-19. Some guarantees have 
supported the health sector, such as the African Health Diagnostics Platform that supported COVAX 
to  procure  and  deliver  doses  of  vaccines  for  fair  distribution  around  the  world.  Other  guarantees, 
such as expanded guarantees for renewable energy, have focused on liquidity support to ensure the 
effective  completion  of  investment  projects  despite  the  economic  downturn  resulting  from  the 
pandemic.  

By the end of 2020, the Commission signed guarantee agreements with partner financial institutions 
for  EUR  1.55  billion,  exceeding  the  initial  EFSD  Guarantee  capacity.  This  achievement  marked  the 
conclusion of the implementation of the External Investment Plan's overall guarantee which enabled 
partner financial institutions to generate billions of euros in much-needed investment, in particular 
across Africa and EU neighbourhood countries.  

5.2.4.  Technical Assistance: TAIEX and Twinning 

The geographic scope of the Institutional Building instruments TAIEX and Twinning was extended to 
all  developing  countries  and  territories  in  2020.  TAIEX  and  Twinning  mobilise  EU  Member  States’ 

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public  expertise  to  support  partner  countries  in  SDG-related  issues  and  also  supports  requests 
related to COVID-19 responses. 

The  two  instruments  have  integrated  the  Team  Europe  approach,  aiming  to  ensure  collaboration 
and  coherence  for  interventions  whenever  and  wherever  they  are  operating.  Both  institutional 
building instruments operate within the context of the Agenda 2030 and aim at supporting partner 
countries to achieve the SDGs.  

In  its  first  year  of  implementation,  TAIEX  activities  supported  partner  country’s  beneficiary 
institutions  in  various  fields  of  cooperation  (digitalisation,  statistics  and  census,  justice  reform, 
health,  and  agriculture  etc).  Given  the  COVID-19  context,  TAIEX  organised  events  through  online 
means, sharing the Member States’ public expertise with Cape Verde, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, 
Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Honduras. 

The extension of Twinning to EU partner countries marks a significant moment in the development 
of  the  Instrument  as  it  is  the  first  time  that  Twinning  has  been  put  in  action  outside  of  the  EU's 
Western  Balkan  and  Neighbourhood  regions  and  Turkey.  The  first  international  Twinning  pilot 
projects  were  identified  and  will  be  put  in  place  in  Indonesia,  Dominican  Republic,  Kyrgyzstan, 
Madagascar, Namibia and Zambia.  

5.3. 
Improving ways of working  
5.3.1.  Simplification of procedures  

As of 2021, under the new Multiannual Financial Framework, most external financing instruments, 
including the EDF, have been replaced by a single instrument, the NDICI-Global Europe, designed to 
cover the entire world, with the exception of the EU candidates and potential candidates (covered 
by the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance) and the Overseas Countries and Territories (covered 
by  the  Overseas  Association  Decision).  The  European  Instrument  for  International  Nuclear  Safety 
Cooperation, which has a distinct legal basis, will complement the NDICI-Global Europe instrument. 
This will simplify processes and result in one single set of rules applicable to external actions. While 
the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA III) remains distinct, its implementation provisions 
have been harmonised with those of the NDICI-Global Europe instrument. 

Indirect Management 

The  new  Financial  Regulation  (Regulation  (EU)  2018/1046)  provides  a  number  of  simplifications  to 
facilitate better cooperation with partner organisations.  

In 2020, the Commission has signed new or updated Financial Framework Partnership Agreements, 
which simplify discussions on substantive actions by framing rights and obligations in advance, with 
the  European  Investment  Fund182,  The  International  Monetary  Fund183,  the  Inter-American 
Development Bank184, the Council of Europe185, the Council of Europe Development Bank186 and the 
World  Bank  Group187.  Negotiations  have  continued  with  the  African  Development  Bank,  the  Asian 

182 C(2020) 650. Signed on 11 February 2020. 
183 C(2020) 475. Signed on 28 January 2020. 
184 C(2020) 6738. Signed on 28 September 2020.  
185 C(2020) 6645. Signed on 19 October 2020.  
186 C(2020) 3713. Signed on 29 June 2020. 
187 C(2020) 4712. Signed on 07 July 2020. 

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Development  Bank,  the  Organisation  for  Economic  Co-operation  and  Development  and  the 
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 

A  Commission  Decision,  approved  on  7  September  2020188,  now  allows  partner  organisations  to 
recover  eligible  costs  based  on  simplified  cost  options  (SCOs)  established  in  line  with  the  partner 
organisations’  cost  accounting  practices  and  assessed  by  the  Commission.  The  use  of  such  SCOs  is 
expected to greatly reduce the administrative burden as well as financial errors. 

Also,  after  having  finalised,  in  2019,  the  template  for  contribution  agreements  for  financial 
instruments,  Commission  departments  have  been  working  on  the  drafting  of  the  corresponding 
manual, which will provide detailed guidance to Commission staff. 

Lastly, Commission departments have worked on designing the operational and legal parameters for 
the first pilot project to be implemented through financing not linked to costs, a new form of Union 
contribution,  which  may  be  based,  on  the  achievement  of  results  measured  by  reference  to 
previously set milestones or through performance indicators. 

Direct Management 

As  of  1  August  2020,  all  Commission  departments  adopted  the  same  corporate  system  for 
publication  of  contract  notices,  namely  the  PPMT  (Public  Procurement  Management  Tool).  Under 
this new decentralised procedure, each Contracting Authority encodes the notices via the corporate 
tool PPMT, and validates them in eNotices, which transmits them electronically to the Publications 
Office for publication in the Official Journal of the EU. The time needed for publication of notices in 
the Official Journal is now much shorter: five days rather than 12.  

The objective of simplifying procedures has been supported by modernisation of IT systems through 
the adoption of a wide corporate software suite consisting of MyWorkplace, eProcurement/eGrant 
and OPSYS.  

Commission  departments  are  currently  on-boarding  the  Model  Grant  Agreement  (eGrant) 
developed  for  research  and  innovation  programmes  to  address  external  action  specificities  and 
contribute to the development of a more straightforward and user-friendly contract template. 

As  for  the  further  streamlining  of  procurement,  the  main  priority  is  to  complete  OPSYS’s 
development  and  to  on-board  eProcurement.  However,  OPSYS  is  not  ready  to  take  over  the  new 
MFF from the outset of the new financial period with all the required capabilities. Alternative plans 
have been drawn up and focus on combinations of OPSYS, ABAC and CRIS that will allow business-
continuity until OPSYS is fully developed and deployed. 

5.4.  Communication & transparency  
5.4.1.  Communication  

Despite  particularly  challenging  circumstances  related  to  COVID-19  that  led  to  the  rescheduling  of 
planned activities, the Commission continued  to communicate  on the results and achievements of 
EU  development  programmes  and  projects  in  2020,  mainly  through  digital  events  and  campaigns 

188 C(2020) 5790. Signed 7 September 2020. 

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such  as  the  Lorenzo  Natali  Prize,  #Faces2Hearts  (cooperation  with  vloggers),  #2030IsNow  (on 
Sustainable Development Goals), #WithHer and Gender Action Plan III (on gender issues).  

The  Commission  continued  to  work  with  the  EEAS  on  strategic  communication  in  the  European 
Neighbourhood and to complement activities addressing disinformation and misperceptions of the 
EU with positive messages and success stories of people who benefited from EU assistance.  Social 
media activities specifically targeted young audiences both inside and outside the EU and there was 
healthy growth of the @EuropeAid and @NEAR social media accounts.  

The  successful  SDG-themed  campaign  #2030IsNow  featured  at  19  festivals  and  events  across  13 
Member  States  in  2019  and  a  second  iteration  was  planned  in  2020  with  a  new  interactive 
installation and a greater focus on the green agenda. However, only five Member States were able 
to  stage  events,  with  restrictions  on  visitor  numbers,  due  to  the  pandemic.  The  campaign  will  be 
implemented in digital format during the first half of 2021. 

Communication of the EU and its activities in enlargement and neighbourhood partner countries was 
increasingly based on thematic or country-specific campaigns that reached millions of citizens. The 
new EU regional communication programme for the Western Balkans launched in 2020 set up the 
web portal WeBalkans.eu; launched the first large-scale integrated communication campaign on EU 
programmes open to the Western Balkans; and set up the Young European Ambassadors Network, 
with  60  young  people  from  across  the  region.  In  the  Neighbourhood  South  and  East,  activities 
continued  to  focus  on  the  implementation  of  the  two  regional  communication  programmes:  EU-
Neighbours.eu. Activities included thematic online campaigns (e.g. with influencers in the South and 
more than 730 Young European Ambassadors in the East) and outreach events (e.g. virtual events, 
webinars, and briefing for Eastern Partnership media). 

A  major  new  campaign  inspired  by  the  Africa-EU  Alliance  was  launched  in  2020  with  the  aim  of 
connecting  directly  with  young  Africans  in  their  own  languages,  through  the  faces  and  voices  of 
national  celebrities  and  local  heroes.  With  the  strap  line  #TogetherTomorrowToday,  it  is  the  first 
large-scale public campaign the EU has conducted outside its borders. 

The  annual  European  Development  Days,  scheduled  to  take  place  on  9-10  June  2020,  had  to  be 
postponed to June 2021. 

All  EuropeAid  InfoPoint  activities  were  digitalised.  Six  Kapuscinski  Development  Lectures  (KDL) 
lectures  were  organised  online  between  September  and  December  in  New  York,  Milan,  Istanbul, 
Tartu, Luxembourg and Warsaw. The move to digital lectures led to an increase in participants with 
an average of 250 online viewers compared to 100 with previous lectures. 

Seminars on  strategic  communication for country government officials as well as a press trip from 
the region to the Albania donor conference were organised in the Western Balkans. 

5.4.2.  Transparency 

The Commission is firmly committed to transparency in line with the new European Consensus on 
Development in which the EU and its Member States reaffirm their commitment to applying the key 
improve  the 
principles  of  development  effectiveness.  The  Commission  has  continued  to 
timely, 
accountability  and  openness  of 
comprehensive  and  forward-looking  data  in  line  with  the  International  Aid  Transparency  Initiative 
(IATI) standard, the OECD-DAC Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and Forward Spending Survey, and 

its  development  assistance 

through  publishing 

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completed  its  first  reporting  on  Total  Official  Support  for  Sustainable  Development  (TOSSD).  In 
addition,  the  Commission  launched  a  joint  reporting  mechanism  to  collect  and  share  data  on  the 
global  response  to  COVID-19  in  a  Team  Europe  approach,  consisting  of  the  EU  institutions  and  its 
Member States.  

The  Commission  continues  to  be  an  active  member  of  IATI  and  has  taken  several  measures  to 
increase  the  quality  and  comprehensiveness  of  published  data.  These  include  the  upgrade  to  the 
2.03 version  of the  IATI standard, increased coherence between  the OECD CRS and  IATI reporting, 
and  a  continued  emphasis  on  SDG  reporting.  In  the  2020  Aid  Transparency  Index,  all  Commission 
departments assessed were part of the 'good' category of donors.  

The Commission remains committed to developing innovative tools to present and use development 
cooperation data more effectively, such as the new version of the EU Aid Explorer tool, launched in 
2020, which allows users to freely explore EU and Member States’ spending on official development 
assistance. The updated version includes enhanced functionalities and more information on project 
activities  implementation,  disbursements  at  country  level  and  progress  towards  SDGs.  The 
Commission also continues to engage in bilateral outreach with its Member States on transparency 
issues  and  has  organised  online  training  courses  on  reporting  sources  and  tools  to  encourage 
transparency and improve overall quality of data reporting. 

5.4.3.  Learning 

The  Commission  departments  organise  a  wide  range  of  learning  events  to  train  colleagues  in 
Delegations and at HQ on the various priorities and key thematic development topics. The learning 
possibilities are also often open to a wider community, such as to practitioners from Member States 
or,  in  the  case  of  the  e-learning  platform  EU  International  Partnerships  Academy,  to  the  general 
public. 

In  2020,  despite  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  relevant  Commission  departments  learning  teams 
organised 330 different learning events gathering more than 6 300 participants. Classroom courses 
were  organised  until  mid-March,  and  they  were  replaced  by  distance  learning  solutions  (virtual 
classes,  online  courses,  and  webinars).  The  themes  covered  a  large  range  of  topics  such  as 
development policies, thematic areas, aid delivery methods, finance and IT systems.  

Also, the International Partnerships Academy, the Commission’s first open online learning platform, 
in response to the COVID-19 crisis and the need to offer content currently conveyed through face-to 
face training (still suspended) increased its efforts and in 2020 organised over 100 live webinars and 
40 virtual classes where approximately 3 364 users participated. Compared to 2019, the amount of 
all training materials available on the website has increased by 40 % and 5 896 new users enrolled 
on the platform, bringing the total of enrolled users to more than 13 100 at the end of 2020 with 
more than 500 000 site visits. 

154 
154 

 
 
EUROPEAN 
COMMISSION 

Brussels, 16.12.2021  
SWD(2021) 388 final 

PART 2/2 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
Accompanying the document 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND 
THE COUNCIL  

2021 Annual Report 
on the implementation of the European Union's External Action Instruments 
in 2020     

{COM(2021) 816 final} 

EN 

  EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of contents 

6. RESULTS ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................... 155 

6.1. Methodological basis for selected results from the EU Results Framework ............................ 155 

6.2. Latest results for Level 1 indicators- Reporting on development progress in partner  

countries ................................................................................................................................... 156 

6.3. Level 2: Reporting on partner country results supported by the EU ........................................ 158 

6.4. Latest results for Level 3 indicators .......................................................................................... 166 

6.5. Aggregated results achieved with EU support – disaggregated by sex .................................... 172 

6.6. Aggregated results achieved with EU support – disaggregated by country and region ........... 175 

7. 

FINANCIAL ANNEXES .................................................................................................................... 208 

7.1. EU development assistance in 2020 ......................................................................................... 208 

7.1.1. 

Introduction to financial tables .................................................................................... 208 

7.1.2. 

Financial tables ............................................................................................................. 213 

7.2. EU External Investment Plan Blending in 2019......................................................................... 354 

7.2.1. 

Introduction to EU External Investment Plan Blending Tables ..................................... 354 

7.2.2. 

EU External Investment Plan Blending Tables .............................................................. 355 

 I 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

6. RESULTS ANNEXES 

6.1. Methodological basis for selected results from the EU Results Framework 

This annex describes the methodological basis for results presented in the various sections of Part I 
of this SWD and this annex. 

The  indicators  and  results  figures  presented  come  from  the  EU  Results  Framework.  Specifically, 
results in Part I draw upon indicators included in level 2 of the framework, as explained below. 

In 2015, the EU RF was launched to strengthen the monitoring and reporting of results, enhancing 
accountability, transparency and visibility of EU aid”189. The current version was introduced in 2018 
and published in the European Commission’s Staff Working Document (SWD)(2018) 444, ‘A revised 
EU  international  cooperation  and  development  results  framework,  the  Sustainable  Development 
Goals  of  the  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable  Development  and  the  New  European  Consensus  on 
Development’. 

The  framework  consists  of  a  set  of  indicators  selected  to  monitor  the  policy  priorities  of  the 
European Commission Directorates-Generals INTPA and NEAR. 

Coverage of the EU Results Framework 

The  EU RF  is  structured  around  three  levels  of  results.  At  the  core  of  the  framework,  a  set  of  30 
indicators  at  output  and  outcome  level  (Level  2)  measure  results  achieved  by  EU-funded  projects 
and programmes.  

Level 1  corresponds  to  development  progress  in  partner  countries;  that  is,  the  medium-  and  long-
term development impact achieved in partnership and collaboration with others. Impacts reflect the 
operational context in which EU external assistance is provided.  

Data source Level 1: Internationally available indicators, as much as possible from the SDG database. 

Level 2 focuses on development outcomes and outputs to which EU-funded interventions contribute 
in collaboration with partner governments and other funding providers. In line with the principles of 
aid effectiveness and effective  development cooperation that emphasise partnerships and country 
ownership,  results  at  this  level  are  presented  on  a  contribution  basis.  Rather  than  results  being 
based on the share of funding provided by the EU, they represent the combined efforts of a variety 
of partners, including the EU, Member States, partner country governments and public institutions, 
local communities, international finance agencies, CSOs, non-profit entities and private companies. 
Data collection is guided by specific methodological notes190. 

Data source  Level 2: Results data are  drawn from the reports of EU implementation  partners (i.e., 
partner countries, international organisations, Member States’ development agencies, international 
financial institutions and NGOs). 

189 Launching the EU International Cooperation and Development Results Framework, SWD(2015)80 final 
190 Methodological notes are available online https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/eu-rfi  

155 

 
 
 
                                                            
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Level 3 focuses on the mainstreaming of policy priorities, as measured by budgetary commitments 
directed at specific cross-cutting issues (e.g., human development, gender, nutrition), and focuses on 
organisational financial data. 

Data source level 3: Internal financial monitoring systems. 

To increase coherence with international and European policy frameworks, the EU RF is structured 
according  to  the  SDGs  and  includes  results  statements  that  articulate  the  key  EU  international 
cooperation objectives, as reflected in the European Consensus on Development. 

6.2.  Latest  results  for  Level  1  indicators-  Reporting  on  development  progress  in 
partner countries 

This annex presents the latest figures for the level 1 indicators in the EU Results Framework.  

Data  sources  and  coverage:  The  statistics  used  to  report  on  the  indicators  were  taken  from 
international data sources (presented in Table 1 below). They refer to data available in April 2021. 
The  figures  reported  are  world  figures,  considering  all  countries  included  in  reporting  by 
international data sources (United Nations (UN) database on Sustainable Development Goals, World 
Bank data, etc.). For five indicators, total aggregates were not available. 

Table 1: Latest figures for Level 1 indicators 

EU RF indicator – Level 1 

Latest figure 

Data source 

1.1 Proportion of population below the 
international poverty line 

10 % (2015) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.2  Prevalence  of  moderate  or  severe 
food insecurity in the population 

25.9 % (2019) 

1.3  Prevalence  of  stunting  among 
children under five years of age 

21.3 % (2019) 

1.4  Value  added  of  agriculture  as  a 
percentage of GDP 

3.3 % (2018) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

World Bank World Development Indicators 

1.5 Universal Health Coverage index 

66 (2017) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.6  Adolescent  birth  rate  per  1 000 
adolescents aged 15–19 years 

41.2 (2020) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.7 Literacy rate of 15- to 24-year-olds 

92 % (2019) 

World Bank World Development Indicators 

1.8 Proportion of seats held by women 
in national parliaments 

25.6 % (2021) 

1.9  Proportion  of  population  using 
safely managed drinking water services 

70.6 % (2017) 

1.10  Proportion  of  population  using 
safely managed sanitation services 

45 % (2017) 

1.11  Proportion  of  population  with 
access to electricity 

90 % (2020) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.12  Renewable  energy  share  of  the 
total final energy consumption 

17.1 % (2018) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

156 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

EU RF indicator – Level 1 

Latest figure 

Data source 

1.13  Annual  growth  rate  of  real  GDP 
per capita 

1.3 % (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Proportion 

1.14 
of 
population  below  the 
poverty line, age 15+ 

employed 
international 

6.6 % (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.15  World  Bank  Doing  Business 
Distance to Frontier score 

63 (2019) 

1.16  Export  of  goods  and  services  as  a 
percentage of GDP 

30.5 % (2019) 

World Development Indicators 

World Bank Worldwide Governance indicators 

1.17  Proportion  of  youth  (aged  15–24 
years) not in education, employment or 
training 

22.3 % (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.18 Passenger and freight volumes on 
roads (tonne-kilometres) 

1.19  Growth 
expenditure  or 
among 
population and the total population 

rates  of  household 
income  per  capita 
the 

the  bottom  40 %  of 

1.20  Number  of  refugees  and  asylum 
seekers  of  concern  to  the  UNHCR  by 
situation 

1.21 Direct economic loss in relation to 
critical 
global  GDP,  damage 
infrastructure 
of 
and 
disruptions to basic services, attributed 
to disasters 

to 
number 

Freight:  

26  503  565  800 
000 (2019) 

Passenger:  

42  280  264  838 
997 (2019) 

No 
world 
aggregate available 

Total 
(incl.  refugee 
situation): 

Refugees 
like 

20 414 675 (2019) 

Asylum seekers: 

4 170 548 (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency) 

No 
world 
aggregate available 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.22  Domestic  material  consumption 
(tonnes),  and  domestic 
per  capita 
material  consumption  by  GDP  (kg  per 
constant 2010 USD) 

Per GDP: 1.2 

Per Capita: 12.2 
(2017) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.23  CO2  emission  per  unit  of  value 
added  (kg  of  CO2  per  constant  2010 
USD) 

1.24  Coverage  of  protected  areas  in 
relation to marine areas 

0.434 (2018) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

17.0 % (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

157 

 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

EU RF indicator – Level 1 

Latest figure 

Data source 

1.25  Proportion  of  important  sites  for 
terrestrial  and  freshwater  biodiversity 
that are covered by protected area 

1.26 Voice and Accountability score 

1.27 Government Effectiveness score 

Freshwater: 40.8 % 
Terrestrial: 43.7 %  
(2019) 

No 
world 
aggregate available 

world 
No 
aggregate available 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

Worldwide Governance indicators 

Worldwide Governance indicators 

1.28 Existence of independent national 
human rights institutions in compliance 
with 
(A 
accredited)191 

Principles 

Paris 

the 

39.6 % (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

1.29 Rule of Law score (as measured by 
the World Bank Worldwide Governance 
indicators) 

world 
No 
aggregate available 

Worldwide Governance Indicators 

1.30  Number  of  victims  of  intentional 
homicide per 100 000 population 

6 % (2018) 

Global SDG Indicators Database  

1.31  Total  government  revenue  as  a 
proportion of GDP, by source 

38.3 % (2019) 

Global SDG Indicators Database 

6.3. Level 2: Reporting on partner country results supported by the EU 
Selection criteria: Results were collected from a set of ongoing and completed interventions192 that 
started between 1 January 2014 and 1 July 2019, with an EU contribution of EUR 750 000 or more. 
This  year,  over  3  000  projects  and  programmes  reported  latest  results  information,  out  of  which 
1 500 projects and programmes contributed to at least one of the corporate indicators. The sample 
of ongoing interventions continues to expand over time. 

As  in  previous  years,  the  results  reported  cannot  be  interpreted  as  providing  a  full  picture  of  the 
interventions financed by the EU in the countries concerned. 

Methodology notes for EU Results Framework indicators: Methodology notes are available for each 
EU  Results  Framework  indicator  to  ensure  that  data  from  the  various  reporting  sources  could  be 
aggregated  consistently.  These  notes  provide  definitions  and  data  sources  clearly  explaining  what 
type of interventions should be included when reporting against an indicator. These notes, for both 
the 
at 
results 
and 
http://capacity4dev.ec.europa.eu/eu-rfi. 

frameworks, 

original 

revised 

found 

can 

the 

be 

191 Proportion of countries with independent National Human Rights Institutions in compliance with the Paris 
Principles (%) 
192  The  interventions  considered  were  financed  using  the  following  instruments:  the  European Development 
Fund  (EDF);  the  Development  Cooperation  Instrument  (DCI);  the  programmable  part  of  the  Instrument 
contributing  to  Stability  and  Peace  (IcSP)  under  Art.  5;  the  European  Instrument  for  Democracy  and  Human 
Rights  (EIDHR);  the  Instrument  for  Nuclear  Safety  Cooperation;  the  Instrument  for  Greenland;  and  the 
European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI). 

158 

 
 
 
                                                            
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Data:  As  mentioned  previously,  results  data  is  drawn  from  the  reports  of  EU  implementation 
partners (i.e., partner countries, international organisations, Member States’ development agencies, 
international financial institutions and NGOs). These organisations use data collected from a variety 
of sources, such as the management information system of partner countries, the individual project 
monitoring frameworks of implementation partners and representative surveys. 

Reporting: The 2018-2020 figure reports a cumulative number, including results reported since the 
last  results  reporting  exercise  (2018).  The  numbers  are  cumulated  with  careful  consideration  of 
potential double counting across projects and programmes and across years. The approach taken is 
to err on the side of safety, so any potentially double counted results are excluded from the results 
reported. For the 2013/17 figures, the same extensive cross-year double-counting checks were not 
deemed to be necessary as the double-counting risk was assessed to be low. 

A common feature of all Level 2 indicators is that the results reported have been calculated using a 
contribution-based approach. This means that where an intervention has been financed by the EU 
jointly  with  other  funders  –  such  as  partner  country  governments  or  other  donors  –  the  overall 
results  of  the  collective  effort  are  reported,  rather  than  those  linked  to  the  share  of  funding 
provided by the EU specifically. 

EU RF indicator 2.30 ‘Number of countries supported by the EU to strengthen revenue mobilisation, 
public financial management and/or budget transparency’ is an exception in terms of scope and data 
collection.  In  addition  to  the  interventions  included  in  the  exercise,  this  indicator  draws  on  all 
countries with an ongoing EU budget support contract. 

EU RF indicators 2.9 ‘Number of individuals with access to electricity with EU support through a) new 
access, b) improved access’, 2.10 ‘Renewable energy generation capacity installed with EU support 
(MW)’  and  2.21  ‘Greenhouse  gas  emissions  avoided  with  EU  support  (tonnes  CO2eq)’  also  include 
reporting  by  the  EU–Africa  Infrastructure  Trust  Fund  (EU-AITF).  EU  RF  2.9  reports  inferred  figures, 
which  were  calculated  using  the  KfW  model  for  estimating  access  using  electricity  generation 
capacity. EU RF 2.10 and EU RF 2.21 report expected results. 

Results by sex of beneficiaries: The SWD(2018) 444 mentions that, where possible, results are to be 
disaggregated  by  sex.  These  results  are  presented  in  Annex 2.  Where  this  disaggregation  has  not 
been provided, it is either because this was not relevant for the indicator in question (e.g., EU RF 2.4 
‘Agricultural  and  pastoral  ecosystems  where  sustainable  management  practices  have  been 
introduced  with  EU  support’)  or  because  the  data  were  not  available.  Due  to  data  availability  at 
intervention level, the sum of sex-disaggregated results may not equal total results figures. 

Results  by  country:  When  presenting  results  broken  down  by  country,  figures  are  reported 
according to the country where the result was achieved. While efforts have been made to capture 
this  detailed  level  of  reporting  as  far  as  possible,  data  were  not  always  available  at  this  level;  for 
example,  in  the  case  of  multi-country  regional  interventions  where  country-level  results  were  not 
reported. 

Where  the  EU  has  funded  interventions  in  overseas  countries  and  territories,  results  achieved  are 
reported  at  this  level.  This  approach  is  also  taken  where  EU RF  indicators  measure  the  number  of 
countries supported in a specific sector. 

Rounding of figures: The results estimates have been rounded using the following method: 

•  Estimates of 10 000 or more – rounded to the nearest 1 000; 

159 

 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

•  Estimates between 1 000 and 10 000 – rounded to the nearest 100; 
•  Estimates between 100 and 1 000 – rounded to the nearest 10; 
•  Estimates that are less than 100 – no rounding. 

Quality: The data are subjected to an extensive quality assurance process to ensure that: 

•  The data sources are reliable; 
•  The  link  between  the  indicators  from  the  monitoring  system  of  the  intervention  and  the 

indicators from the EU RF is robust; 

•  The  individuals  who  have  benefited  from  the  same  intervention  over  different  years,  and/or 
from different interventions ending and/or ongoing in the same year, are only counted once. 

However, given the great variety of data sources used, the data quality may vary. 

Joint  reporting  with  EU  Trust  Fund  for  Africa  interventions:  As  part  of  the  2018  revision  of  the 
results  framework,  efforts  have  been  made  to  harmonise  indicator  methodologies  to  enable  joint 
reporting with other monitoring systems. Four indicators can be reported together with results from 
EU Trust Fund for Africa (EU TF) interventions. Thus, in addition to the figures collected through the 
EU RF, reporting includes figures reported through the EU TF. The EU RF indicators that feature data 
via joint reporting are: 

•  EU RF 2.15  Number  of  people  who  have  benefited  from  institution-  or  workplace  based 
vocational  education  and  training  (VET)/skills  development  interventions  supported  by  the 
EU (window: Horn of Africa, Sahel and Lake Chad); 

•  EU RF 2.17  Number  of  migrants,  forcibly  displaced  people  or  individuals  from  host 
communities protected or assisted with EU support (windows: Horn of Africa, Sahel and Lake 
Chad, North of Africa); 

•  EU RF 2.18 Number of migration management or forced displacement strategies or policies 

a) developed/revised (window: North of Africa); 

•  EU RF 2.29 Number of state institutions and non-state actors supported on security, border 
management,  countering  violent  extremism,  conflict  prevention,  protection  of  civilian 
population and human rights (window: North of Africa). 

160 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Overview of results for EU RF Level 2  

Table 2 shows the latest aggregated results for EU RF Level 2 indicators. 

Table 2: EU RF Level 2 – Latest aggregated results achieved with EU support, 2013–2020 (a) 

No 

EU RF indicator 

2013–2017 (b) 

2018-2020 (c) 

2013–2020 

2.1 

Number  of 
receiving EU assistance (d, e) 

food-insecure  people 

14 159 000 

23 404 000   

37 563 000 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

2.6 

2.7a 

2.7b 

2.8 

Number  of  women  of  reproductive 
age,  adolescent  girls  and  children 
under five reached by nutrition-related 
interventions supported by the EU (e) 

11 976 000 

11 324 000 

   23 301 000 

Food-insecure people 

– 

1 401 000 

1 401 000 

Number  of  smallholders  reached  with 
EU-supported  interventions  aimed  to 
increase  their  sustainable  production, 
access  to  markets  and/or  security  of 
land (e, f) 

3 841 000 

18 184 000 

22 025 000 

Food-insecure people 

– 

912 000 

912 000 

3 675 000 

1 668 000 

5 343 000 

13 253 000 

64 133 019 

77 386 000 

– 

19 274 000 

19 274 000 

47 763 000 

33 931 000 

79 328 000 

21 087 000 

4 262 000 

25 298 000 

– 

6 057 000 

6 057 000 

Agricultural  and  pastoral  ecosystems 
sustainable  management 
where 
practices  have  been  introduced  with 
EU support (ha) 

of 
Number 
immunised with EU support 

one-year-olds 

fully 

Number of women of reproductive age 
using  modern  contraception  methods 
with EU support 

students  enrolled 

in 
Number  of 
education with EU support: a) primary 
education 

Number  of 
education  with  EU 
secondary education 

students  enrolled 

in 
support:  b) 

Number  of  individuals  with  access  to 
improved  drinking  water 
source 
and/or  sanitation 
facility  with  EU 
support 

161 

 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

No 

EU RF indicator 

2013–2017 (b) 

2018-2020 (c) 

2013–2020 

2.9 

2.10 

2.11 

2.12 

2.13a 

2.13b 

2.14 

2.15 

2.16 

2.17 

2.18a 

2.18b 

individuals 

Number  of 
accessing 
electricity with EU support through: a) 
new access, b) improved access (g) 

Renewable energy generation capacity 
installed with EU support (MW)  

Number  of  jobs  supported/sustained 
by the EU 

Number of countries supported by the 
EU 
investment 
strengthen 
climate (h)  

to 

Number of beneficiaries with access to 
financial  services  with  EU  support:  a) 
firms 

Number of beneficiaries with access to 
financial  services  with  EU  support:  b) 
individuals (h) 

Number  of  quality  schemes  adopted 
by  economic  operators  with  EU 
support 

Number of people who have benefited 
from  institution-  or  workplace-based 
VET/skills  development  interventions 
supported by the EU 

Total  length  of  road  supported  by  the 
EU 
construction,  b) 
rehabilitation, c) maintenance (km) (h) 

through:  a) 

Number of migrants, forcibly displaced 
people  or 
from  host 
individuals 
communities  protected  or  assisted 
with EU support 

Number  of  migration  management  or 
forced  displacement 
strategies  or 
policies:  a)  developed/revised  with  EU 
support 

Number  of  migration  management  or 
strategies  or 
forced  displacement 
policies: b) under implementation with 

162 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

22 043 000 

18 000 

521 000   

521 000 

110 

110 

37 000 

737 000 

774 000 

– 

2 311 000 

2 311 000 

1 500 

33 000 

34 000 

882 000 

1 684 000 

2 566 000 

43 000 

80 000 

123 000 

– 

– 

– 

14 416 000 

14 416 000 

65 

29 

65 

29 

 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

No 

EU RF indicator 

2013–2017 (b) 

2018-2020 (c) 

2013–2020 

EU support 

2.19 

2.20 

Number  of  countries  and  cities  with 
climate  change  and/or  disaster  risk 
reduction  strategies:  a)  developed,  b) 
EU 
under 
support 

implementation  with 

Number  of  micro,  small  and  medium 
enterprises 
sustainable 
applying 
consumption and production practices 
with EU support 

- 

158 

158 

27 000 

19 000 

46 000 

2.21 

Greenhouse  gas  emissions  avoided 
with EU support (tonnes CO2e) 

2.22a 

Marine areas under: a) protection with 
EU support (km2) (i) 

– 

– 

– 

57 356 000 

7 100 

7 100 

2.23a 

2.23b 

2.24 

2.25 

2.26 

2.27 

2.28 

Areas  of  terrestrial  and  freshwater 
ecosystems  under:  a)  protection  with 
EU support (ha) (j) 

Areas  of  terrestrial  and  freshwater 
ecosystems  under:  b) 
sustainable 
management with EU support (ha)  

Number of countries supported by the 
EU 
to  conduct  elections  and/or 
improve their electoral process 

Number  of 
government  policies 
developed  or  revised  with  civil  society 
organisation  participation  through  EU 
support 

Number  of  victims  of  human  rights 
from 
violations  directly  benefiting 
assistance funded by the EU 

Number  of  people  directly  benefiting 
from legal aid interventions supported 
by the EU 

of 

individuals 

Number 
directly 
EU-supported 
benefiting 
interventions  that  specifically  aim  to 
post-conflict 
support 

civilian 

from 

163 

46 572 000 

44 390 000 

90 962 000 

– 

– 

– 

– 

63 682 000 

63 682 000 

39 

39 

727 

727 

106 000 

106 000 

1 682 000 

4 343 000 

6 025 000 

2 789 000 

660 000 

3 449 000 

 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

No 

EU RF indicator 

2013–2017 (b) 

2018-2020 (c) 

2013–2020 

peacebuilding 
prevention 

and/or 

conflict 

Number  of  state  institutions  and  non-
state  actors  supported  on  security, 
border  management, 
countering 
violent extremism, conflict prevention, 
protection  of  civilian  population  and 
human rights 

to 

Number of countries supported by the 
revenue 
strengthen 
EU 
financial 
public 
mobilisation, 
management 
budget 
and/or 
transparency 

2.29 

2.30 

– 

– 

6 100 

6 100 

153 

153 

a Total figures, covering 2013 to 2020, may not equal the sum of results from 2013–2017 and 2018-
2020.  This  is  due  to  the  avoidance  of  double  counting,  or  the  rounding  of  numbers,  or  both. 
Furthermore, note that historical data for 2013-2017 are not available for EU RF indicators that were 
substantially revised or newly introduced. Besides reporting on interventions covered by the EU RF, 
four indicators -EU RF 2.15, 2.17, 2.18 and 2.29- also include figures reported through the EU Trust 
Fund for Africa. 

b  Refers  to  data  collected  from  EU-funded  interventions  that  ended  between  July  2013  and  June 
2017. 

c Refers to data collected from ongoing or completed EU-funded interventions that started between 
January  2014  and  July  2019.  Figures  are  cumulated  with  the  values  reported  last  year,  cleaned  of 
double counting. 

e  The  number  reported  under  indicator 2.1  may  overlap  with  those  for  indicators  2.2  and/or  2.3. 
Indeed,  food-insecure  people  may  also  be  reached  by  nutrition-related  interventions  covered  by 
indicator 2.2 and/or interventions aimed to increase smallholders’ sustainable production, access to 
markets  and/or  security  of  land  covered  by  EU RF 2.3.  For  indicators  2.2  and  2.3,  the  numbers  of 
food-insecure people reached (based on the revised EU RF) are reported separately. 

f This indicator was introduced in the 2018 revision of the EU RF. It combines parts of the previous 
EU RF  indicators  ‘Number  of  people  receiving  rural  advisory  services’  and  ‘Number  of  people  who 
have  secure  tenure  of  land’  (values  for  2013–2017:  3 841 000  and  815 000,  respectively).  For  the 
purpose of reporting with across years, the current value was cumulated with the historical data for 
‘Number of people receiving rural advisory services’. 

g  This  indicator  was  newly  introduced  in  the  2018  revision  of  the  EU RF.  The  value  reported 
represents inferred access to electricity for the overall reporting period 2013–19. It currently does 
not include the number of individuals with access to electricity with EU support through improved 
access,  due  to  data  limitations.  Improved  access  will  be  reported  in  the  forthcoming  years.  As  a 

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result,  the  number  of  people  with  access  to  electricity  (new  or  improved)  through  EU  support  is 
expected to be significantly higher. 

h The 2018-2020 value corresponds to: a) 13 000 km constructed, b) 5 000 km rehabilitated and c) 50 
000 km maintained. 

i  Note  that  there  is  no  entry  for  the  EU RF  indicator  2.22  ‘Marine  areas  under  b)  sustainable 
management with EU support (km2)’. This indicator was introduced in the 2018 revision of the EU 
results  framework  and  the  methodology  is  still  under  development,  closely  following  the  ongoing 
work done by the UN on SDG indicator ‘Proportion of national EEZs managed using ecosystem-based 
approaches’. 

j The value for 2013–2017 is from a related indicator in the previous EU RF: ‘Number of hectares of 
protected areas managed with EU support’. 

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6.4. Latest results for Level 3 indicators  
This Annex presents the latest figures for indicator from level 3 of the EU Results Framework which 
present  policy  priorities.  The  sources  of  data  are  the  European  Commission’s  internal  monitoring 
systems. 

All  indicators  presented  in  this  section  have  been  calculated  with  reference  to  the  calendar  year 
2020. 

In  terms  of  coverage,  the  figures  presented  here  refer  only  to  the  following  financing  instruments 
managed by the Commission services: the European Development Fund (EDF)193, the Development 
Cooperation Instrument (DCI)194, the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP)195,196, the 
European  Instrument  for  Democracy  and  Human  Rights  (EIDHR)197,  the  Instrument  for  Nuclear 
Safety Cooperation198 and the Instrument for Greenland199. 

Methodological notes are available here: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/eu-rfi  

193  Council  Regulation  (EU)  2015/322  on  the  implementation  of  the  11th  EDF,  and  Council  Regulation  (EU) 
2015/323 on the financial regulation applicable to the 11th EDF 
194  Regulation  (EU)  No  233/2014  establishing  a  financing  instrument  for  development  cooperation  for  the 
period 2014-2020 
195 Regulation (EU) No 230/2014 establishing an instrument contributing to Stability and Peace 
196  Key  data  refer  only  to  activities  under  Article  5  of  the  IcSP,  which  represents  a  small  proportion  of  the 
overall financial envelope. The remainder is managed by the FPI under Article 3 (crisis response) and Article 4 
(conflict prevention, peace building and crisis preparedness) 
197  Regulation  (EU)  No  235/2014  establishing  a  financing  instrument  for  democracy  and  human  rights 
worldwide 
198 Council Regulation (EURATOM) No 237/2014 establishing an Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 
199 Council Decision 2014/137/EU on relations between the European Union on the one hand, and Greenland 
and the Kingdom of Denmark on the other 

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Table 3: Latest figures for Level 3 indicators 

3.1 Amount of EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance directed at nutrition/ EUR 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2014–2020 

Target 

Commitment 

229.9 million 

309.6 million 

892.9 million 

376.3 million 

320.2 
million 

409 million  

239 
million(200) 

2.77 
billion (201) 

3.5 billion 
(2014–
2020)202 

Payment 

163.6 million 

172.4 million 

268.2 million 

329.9 million 

290.6 million 

275 million 

–203 

– (204) 

3.2 Share of EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance directed at supporting human development 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 (205) 

2019 

2020 

2014-2020 (206) 

Target 

15.8 % 

21.0 % 

13.7 % 

17.1 % 

23.3 % 

20.5 % 

20.4 % 

18.9 % 

20.0 % 

200 This is a preliminary figure. 
201 This is a preliminary figure. 
202 The target covers funding from both development aid instruments humanitarian aid instruments, while the annual figures only consider development aid. Considering 
both humanitarian and development aid, the pledge of EUR 3.5 billion for nutrition in 2014-2020 was surpassed by EUR 800 million. 
203 The figure is not yet available. 
204 The figure is not yet available. 
205 Following revision of the EU RF indicator now also considers gender. 
206 Following revision of the EU RF indicator now also considers gender. 

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3.3 Proportion of EU-funded cooperation and development initiatives promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

31.3 % 

51.6 % 

58.8 % 

65.9 % 

68.4 % 

69.7 % 

2020 

72 % 

Target 

85 % of new 
actions to score G1 
or G2 by 2020 

3.4  Amount  and  share  of  the  EU-funded  international  cooperation  and  development  assistance  contributing  to:  a)  protecting  biodiversity,  b)  climate  change 
(adaptation and mitigation), c) combating desertification and d) protecting the environment (Aid to Environment) 

The figures below are for share of EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance. 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2014–2020 

Target 

a) Protecting biodiversity 

2.5 % 

4.3 % 

3.6 % 

7.7 % 

6.9 % 

7.9 % 

5.6 % 

5.6 % 

b) Climate change (adaptation 
and mitigation) 

c) Combating 
desertification (207) 

d) Protecting the environment 
(Aid to Environment) (208) 

11.4 % 

12.6 % 

24.1 % 

24.7 % 

24.0 % 

29.2 % 

27.3 % 

22.3 % 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

4.1 % 

7.3 % 

4.3 % 

8.7 % 

29.0 % 

36.0 % 

32.1 % 

32.1 % 

DCI Regulation commitment 
to contribute to the 
objective of addressing at 
least 20 % of the EU budget 
to a low-carbon and 
climate-resilient society 
(2014–2020) 

207 Disaggregation according to combating desertification was introduced in the 2018 revision of the EU RF. 
208 The disaggregation by Aid to Environment was introduced in the 2018 revision of the EU RF. 

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3.5 Amount of the EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance contributing to strengthening investment climate/ EUR 
Investment  climate  –  support  to  the  six  drivers:  business  environment,  political  stability,  macroeconomic  stability,  governance/rule  of  law,  human  development  and 
innovation 

Commitment 

Payment 

2018 

4.7 billion 

3.4 billion 

2019 

3.7 billion 

3.3 billion 

2020 

4.1 billion 

3.9 billion 

Target 

No target 

3.6 Leverage of EU blending and guarantee operations financed by the EU international cooperation and development assistance 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018* 

2019* 

2020* 

Target 

a) Investment leverage 
ratio 

b) Total eligible 
financial institution 
financing leverage 
ratio 

c) Private financing 
leverage ratio 

Blending  

15.5 

14.1 

Guarantees 

Blending 

Guarantees 

Blending 

Guarantees 

– 

9.2 

– 

2.3 

– 

– 

9.5 

– 

2.2 

– 

9.4 

– 

3.7 

– 

0.7 

– 

11.7 

– 

7.6 

– 

0.9 

– 

11.1 

18.5 

12.3 

4.2 

13.6 

7.9 

No target 

5.4 

0.6 

0.46 

* Leverage indicator combining blending and guarantees (for instruments managed by the European Commission). 

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3.7 Amount of EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance contributing to trade facilitation (209)/ EUR 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2014–2020 

Target 

Commitment 

9.6 million 

1.3 million 

57.0 million 

96.2 million 

40.1 million 

101.4 million 

118 million 

423.3 million 

Payment 

73 million 

33.6 million 

39.4 million 

10.2 million 

54.2 million 

34.4 million 

54.2 million  

298.6 million 

Maintain the 
current level of 
commitment 

3.8 Proportion of EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance contributing to aid for trade directed at LDCs 

2018 

36.1 % 

2019 

19.4 % 

2020 

25.9 % 

Target 

No target 

3.9 Amount of EU-funded international cooperation and development assistance directed at fragile states/ EUR 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2014–2020 

Target 

Commitment 

1.424 billion 

2.831 billion 

4.970 billion 

3.879 billion 

2.977 billion 

2.882 billion 

2.701 billion 

21.665 billion 

No target 

Payment 

2.495 billion 

2.274 billion 

3.208 billion 

3.494 billion 

3.330 billion 

3.024 billion 

3.400 billion 

21.226 billion 

No target 

209 This corresponds to interventions using the DAC Purpose Code 33120, not including broader interventions, encoded under different DAC Purpose Codes, that comprise 
trade facilitation components. 

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3.10 Amount of EU-funded international cooperation and development qualifying as ODA210/ EUR 

2020 

Commitment 

Payment 

6.898 billion 

7.529 billion 

210  INTPA  funded  international  cooperation  and  development  qualifying  as  ODA  –  source:  CRS  2012  provisional  figures,  ODA  DEVCO,  L1  +  L2D  –  EUR  Thousands, 
administrative costs excluded (administrative line + type of aid G01). 

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6.5. Aggregated results achieved with EU support – disaggregated by sex 

EU Results Framework indicator 

Total 

Results for 
women/girls 

Results for men/boys 

Not identified 

2.1 Number of food-insecure people receiving EU assistance 

23 404 000 

5 647 000 

5 235 000 

12 522 000 

2.2  Number  of  women  of  reproductive  age,  adolescent  girls  and  children 
under five reached by nutrition-related interventions supported by the EU 

2.3  Number  of  smallholders  reached  with  EU-supported  interventions  aimed 
to increase their sustainable production, access to markets and/or security of 
land 
2.4  Agricultural  and  pastoral  ecosystems  where  sustainable  management 
practices have been introduced with EU support (ha) 

11 324 000 

3 050 000 

2 212 000 

6 062 000 

18 184 000 

1 035 707 

1 644 778 

15 503 744 

1 668 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

2.5 Number of one-year-olds fully immunised with EU support 

64 133 019 

- 

2.6  Number  of  women  of  reproductive  age  using  modern  contraception 
methods with EU support 

19 274 000 

19 274 000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2.7a  Number  of  students  enrolled  in  education  with  EU  support:  a)  primary 
education 

2.7b Number of students enrolled in education with EU support: b) secondary 
education 

2.8  Number  of  individuals  with  access  to  improved  drinking  water  source 
and/or sanitation facility with EU support 

2.9 Number of individuals with access to electricity with EU support through a) 
new access, b) improved access211 

33 931 000 

15 550 000 

16 962 000 

1 419 000 

4 262 000 

1 873 000 

1 968 000 

421 000 

6 057 000 

 66 000 

 57 000 

5 934 000 

22 043 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

211 This data cannot be sex-disaggregated because the values are generated by a model that does not provide this information. 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

EU Results Framework indicator 

2.10 Renewable energy generation capacity installed with EU support (MW) 

2.11 Number of jobs supported/sustained by the EU 

2.12  Number  of  countries  supported  by  the  EU  to  strengthen  investment 
climate 

2.13a  Number  of  beneficiaries  with  access  to  financial  services  with  EU 
support: a) firms 

2.13b  Number  of  beneficiaries  with  access  to  financial  services  with  EU 
support: b) individuals 

2.14  Number  of  quality  schemes  adopted  by  economic  operators  with  EU 
support 

2.15  Number  of  people  who  have  benefited  from  institution-  or  workplace-
based VET/skills development interventions supported by the EU 

2.16  Total  length  of  road  supported  by  the  EU  through  a)  construction,  b) 
rehabilitation, c) maintenance (km) 

2.17  Number  of  migrants,  forcibly  displaced  people  or  individuals  from  host 
communities protected or assisted with EU support 

2.18a Number of migration management or forced displacement strategies or 
policies a) developed/revised with EU support 

2.18b Number of migration management or forced displacement strategies or 
policies b) under implementation with EU support 

2.19 Number of countries and cities with climate change and/or disaster risk 
reduction strategies a) developed, b) under implementation with EU support 

2.20  Number  of  micro,  small  and  medium  enterprises  applying  sustainable 
consumption and production practices with EU support 

Total 

18 000  

521 000 

Results for 
women/girls 

Results for men/boys 

Not identified 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

36 000 

60 000 

425 000 

110 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

737 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

2 311 000 

256 000 

578 000 

1 477 000 

33 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

1 684 000 

684 000 

595 000 

405 000 

80 480 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

14 416 000 

4 253 000 

4 861 000 

5 302 000 

65 

29 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

158 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

19 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

2.21 Greenhouse gas emissions avoided with EU support (tonnes CO2eq) 

57 356 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

EU Results Framework indicator 

2.22a Marine areas under a) protection with EU support (km2) 

Total 

7 100 

Results for 
women/girls 

Results for men/boys 

Not identified 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

2.23a Areas of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems under a) protection with 
EU support (ha) 

2.23b  Areas  of  terrestrial  and  freshwater  ecosystems  under  b)  sustainable 
management with EU support (ha) 

2.24  Number  of  countries  supported  by  the  EU  to  conduct  elections  and/or 
improve their electoral process 

2.25  Number  of  government  policies  developed  or  revised  with  civil  society 
organisation participation through EU support 

2.26  Number  of  victims  of  human  rights  violations  directly  benefiting  from 
assistance funded by the EU 

2.27  Number  of  people  directly  benefiting  from  legal  aid  interventions 
supported by the EU 

2.28  Number  of 
interventions 
that 
peacebuilding and/or conflict prevention 

individuals  directly  benefiting 
specifically  aim 

to 

from  EU-supported 
support  civilian  post-conflict 

44 390 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

63 682 000 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

39 

727 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

106 000 

12 000 

15 000 

79 000 

4 343 000 

1 633 000 

1 374 000 

1 336 000 

660 000 

92 000 

81 000 

487 000 

2.29 Number of state institutions and non-state actors supported on security, 
border  management,  countering  violent  extremism,  conflict  prevention, 
protection of civilian population and human rights 

6 100 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

2.30  Number  of  countries  supported  by  the  EU  to  strengthen  revenue 
mobilisation, public financial management and/or budget transparency 

153 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

6.6. Aggregated results achieved with EU support – disaggregated by country and region 

 83 009 
 1 091 335 
  575 
  440 
 765 260 
 185 903 
16 421 
  472 
4 
 2 928 982 
110 475 
 305 169 
1 350 264 
1 126 625 
  200 

Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Timor-Leste 
Uganda 
Venezuela 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

23 403 993 

21 349 
130 
 3 221 
 231 942 
 598 014 
 333 824 
 3 148 
 15 437 
 9 493 
  896 
 854 021 
 96 314 
 536 699 

2.1 Number of food-insecure people receiving EU assistance 

Afghanistan 
Bangladesh 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Democratic Republic of Congo 
Djibouti 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guatemala 
Guinea 
Haiti 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South of America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Oceania 

 571 745 
 1 194 490 
 212 552 
 477 280 
 1 540 
 170 913 
 770 651 
 26 634 
8 595 381 
177 363 
150 451 
 105 982 
 89 100 
180 
 188 523 

Honduras 
Kenya 
Kyrgyzstan 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Namibia 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 

4 
19 586 489 
 665 801 
  896 

 15 4374  

 1 187 845 
 1 770 158 
177 363 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.2 Number of women of reproductive age, adolescent girls and children under five reached by nutrition-related interventions supported by the EU 

11 324 336 

Bangladesh 
Bolivia 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Chad 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gambia 
Guinea (Conakry) 
Guinea-Bissau 

195 007 
1 272 
102 488 
407 534 
19 698 
3 777 
6 814 
71 196 
246 
221 136 
 391 
159 269 

Haiti 
Honduras 
Kenya 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Morocco 
Mozambique 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Oceania 

2 858 
10 066 171 
 224 788 
2 350 
3 750 
 828 319 
 195 854 
246 

54 597 
37 417 
520 937 
3 750 
 285 
548 647 
8 856 
62 449 
 600 
2 858 
2 908 701 

Myanmar 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
South Sudan 
Tanzania 
Venezuela 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

847 
132 774 
2 824 346 
1 967 828 
22 435 
32 019 
1 078 
828 034 
170 450 
6 600 

2.3  Number  of  smallholders  reached  with  EU-supported  interventions  aimed  to  increase  their  sustainable  production,  access  to  markets  and/or 
security of land 

18 184 229 

Afghanistan 
Algeria 
Angola 
Argentina 
Armenia 

 363 413 
  134 
 10 045 
 1 190 
  78 

Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Brazil 

  439 
 231 631 
  36 005 
 130 820 
 12 301 

Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Chad 

 57 245 
 131 862 
 25 163 
 20 000 
 44 642 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

 562 583 
 2 194 
  43 789 
 199 541 
 29 821 
 446 240 
 37 406 
 7 421 
  472 
  260 
 844 120 
14 639 
6 
 16 027 
 24 943 
 186 914 
 7 962 
 17 370 
 65 399 
 270 774 
 15 374 
2 111 
 4 866 

Philippines 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Suriname 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Uganda 
Uzbekistan 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

 5 004 
 71 851 
 32 864 
 55 952 
2 469 
 12 185 
  752 
 49 771 
 22 339 
155 
 44 604 
5 347 
 49 059 
 4 408 
 3 558 
 81 656 
6 224 
 22 889 
  2 456 
1 300 
 25 520 
 27 829 

Colombia 
Congo (Brazzaville) 
Cuba 
Democratic Republic of Congo 
Djibouti 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guatemala 
Guinea (Conakry) 
Guinea Bissau 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Indonesia 
Ivory Coast 
Jamaica 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Multiple Regions 
Oceania 

 449 565 
  565 
 22 393 
 751 484 
4 270 
  2 885 
  18 107 
 27 518 
 4 065 
 14 895 
9 209 917 
 19 613 
 46 568 
  7 024 
 96 988 
 16 500 
 4 001 
 7 553 
 26 049 
 32 656 
 2 990 644 
 35 577 
2 000 

Kenya 
Kyrgyzstan 
Laos 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Miscellaneous Countries 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Namibia 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Paraguay 
Peru 

27 658 
13 370 516 
124 178 
619 115 
3 081 373 
48 360 
664 629 
226 318 
22 082 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.4 Agricultural and pastoral ecosystems where sustainable management practices have been introduced with EU support (ha) 

1 667 575 

Afghanistan 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Burkina-Faso 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Chad 
Colombia 
Cuba 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gambia 
Guinea Bissau 

36 130 
10 723 
1 756 
28 960 
207 617 
40 463 
 4 859 
60 
 180 
 3 485 
55 505 
4 446 
 952 
 10 918 
413 276 
 983 
8 592 
7 729 

Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Jamaica 
Kenya 
Kyrgyzstan 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Miscellaneous Countries 
Moldova 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 

Peru 
Philippines 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
South Sudan 
Sri Lanka 
Sudan 
Swaziland 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Tunisia 
Uganda 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zambia 

20 032 
 469 
9 922 
 308 
59 902 
4 216 
2 072 
 414 
 875 
2 448 
130 
132 573 
130 144 
 700 
 17 990 
 905 
42 554 
235 716 

43 
 402 
89 919 
13 546 
13 949 
 278 
 11 971 
784 
30 752 
 75 
 163 
3 168 
 3 
2 978 
 627 
965 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple Regions 
Oceania 

3 
960 908 
78 170 
251 023 
3 733 
627 
110 011 
130 144 
132 573 
983 

178 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

54 158 
14 887 
150 284 
21 366 700 
3 797 092 
702 959 
1 216 213 
2 794 
336 237 
133 949 
131 059 
54 303 
131 933 
605 159 
563 723 
481 840 
113 057 
35 519 
858 345 
801 817 
500 702 
114 460 
786 959 

Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Papua New Guinea 
Rwanda 
São Tomé and Príncipe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Uganda 
Uzbekistan 
Vietnam 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

64 133 019 
2 882 294 
3 827 086 
133 426 
350 850 
6 211 
497 485 
215 692 
15 803 
248 619 
108 523 
1 199 980 
233 624 
2 020 196 
302 
32 916 
223 757 
1 437 252 
628 877 
1 451 272 
570 577 
580 631 
455 232 

2.5 Number of one-year-olds fully immunised with EU support 
Afghanistan 
Angola 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Cuba 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guinea 

868 347 
603 497 
35 551 
155 526 
2 893 487 
315 347 
205 758 
635 225 
288 396 
332 877 
696 949 
71,697 
240 463 
22,696 
121 494 
2 836 272 
13 990 
147 071 
2 307 296 
71 984 
46 816 
835 665 
192 830 

Guinea Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 
India 
Indonesia 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Kiribati 
North Korea 
Kyrgyzstan 
Laos 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Moldova 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Niger 

Regions 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

25 193 780 
386 238 
220 645 
6 081 755 
570 577 
31 492 482 
35 519 
152 023 

179 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.6 Number of women of reproductive age using modern contraception methods with EU support 

19 273 971 

Afghanistan 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Egypt 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 

529 359 
561 019 
389 240 
3 412 
558 796 
480 506 
2 073 811 
641 844 
11 601 
1 187 483 
920 559 
21 736 
2 146 909 
206 212 
65 259 
15 144 
82 827 
278 994 
2 818 485 
187 167 
148 894 
534 350 
240 939 
13 649 
518 394 

Honduras 
India 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Maldives 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Namibia 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 
OCT  (overseas  countries  and 
territories) 

278 
10 098 
126 127 
279 383 
1 268 068 
39 949 
67 
20 848 
781 895 
2 609 314 
846 443 
8 248 
315 412 
107 584 
1 338 
6 593 
597 933 
51 614 
83 265 
497 630 
43 566 
581 070 
296 178 

6 100 

Pakistan 
Papua New Guinea 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome & Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Timor Leste 
Togo 
Tonga 
Tunisia 
Uganda 
Uzbekistan 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

814 889 
88 207 
272 964 
6 332 
123 969 
342 577 
2 084 069 
875 306 
363 797 
1 139 906 
49 525 
992 117 
12 545 
294 261 
3 495 
140 
2 210 938 
99 028 
32 575 
918 
117 988 
202 845 
586 773 

Regions 
OCT 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

6 100 
89 560 
25 729 391 
562 238 
13 649 
2 160 218 

180 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Oceania 

1 385 006 
38 92 890 
91 702 

2.7b Number of students enrolled in education with EU support: b) secondary education 
Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Colombia 
Comoros 
Congo 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 

Greenland (DK) 
Guinea 
Guinea Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Libya 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Maldives 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 

51 898 
14 
8 
55 002 
14 
38 161 
334 
54 784 
47 108 
865 451 
62 926 
1 137 
116 420 
90 251 
1 075 
2 131 
210 481 
20 217 
82 781 
1 485 
38 370 
16 198 
27 352 
276 322 
18 350 
32 
14 597 

Pakistan 
Papua New Guinea 
Paraguay 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome & Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Timor Leste 
Togo 
Tonga 
Tunisia 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

2 616 
52 387 
23 621 
1 338 
50 823 
27 
27 390 
1 546 
3 917 
47 
2 044 
76 656 
956 
255 815 
82 985 
809 
30 923 
10 547 
17 
131 
188 974 
58 621 
5 060 
48 787 
4 271 
56 968 
29 037 

4 262 465 
79 891 
8 648 
206 710 
26 761 
 621 
12 154 
33 586 
204 320 
85 814 
35 666 
731 
4855 
97 266 
1 230 
28 849 
343 
4 059 
216 759 
20 
9 709 
3 194 
3 085 
11 567 
19 887 
57 528 

181 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Regions 
OCT 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

2 616 
193 989 
2 590 708 
109 689 
209 123 
873 923 
15 430 
257 945 
51 
8 991 

2.8 Number of individuals with access to improved drinking water source and/or sanitation facility with EU support 

6 057 447 

Afghanistan 
Argentina 
Bangladesh 
Belize 
Bolivia 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Colombia 
Cook Islands 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
El Salvador 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Georgia 
Guyana 

679 218 
514 642 
88 610 
4 465 
303 260 
35 306 
103 078 
177 716 
123 710 
9 851 
980 
62 443 
47 000 
20 722 
165 774 
57 687 
3 800 
4 350 
210 140 

Haiti 
India 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kenya 
Kiribati 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Pakistan 
Papua New Guinea 

182 

32 758 
61 372 
134 572 
6 438 
117 994 
1 665 
50 608 
79 271 
440 331 
22 500 
22 726 
113 500 
277 713 
108 998 
6 485 
84 246 
71 058 
300 000 
41 000 

Paraguay 
Sao Tome & Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Swaziland 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Tunisia 
Venezuela 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 
Multiple 

275 000 
6 945 
55 060 
25 907 
52 263 
10 443 
22 640 
3 094 
29 507 
5 930 
80 893 
38 908 
3 804 
31 100 
48 400 
147 881 
133 685 
500 000 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

316 621 
2 095 866 
396 686 
1 337 419 
228 324 
293 343 
1 175 980 
113 500 
99 708 

2.9 Number of individuals with access to electricity with EU support through a) new access, b) improved access 

Barbados 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Dominican Republic 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 

1 301 
465 134 
21 216 
345 240 
102 319 
366 875 
 118 
158 
46 855 
4 841 
140 900 
185 968 
20 061 
48 881 
112 872 
38 777 

Guinea-Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 
India 
Ivory Coast 
Jamaica 
Kenya 
Kyrgyzstan 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Multiple 
Nepal 

2 336 132 
15 960 445 

183 

890 
481 
4 
432 604 
427 272 
8 514 
1 129 645 
2 760 
20 520 
17 
110 221 
109 323 
2 336 132 
150 455 
9 753 740 
2 528 

Niger 
Nigeria 
Philippines 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Vietnam 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

22 043 434 

182 094 
778 000 
29 143 
880 465 
562 674 
15 889 
102 
442 292 
1 429 752 
96 
288 923 
14 
313 234 
732 404 
1 730 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 
Oceania 

155 382 
21 697 
342 377 
437 892 
14 
2 769 434 
20 061 

2.10 Renewable energy generation capacity installed with EU support (MW) 

Barbados 
Barbados  
Belarus 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Chad 
Chile 
Cook Islands 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 

67 
21 
3 
25 
100 
591 
82 
2 
30 
210 
1 
7 
1 
730 
81 
3 
11 

Fiji 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Guyana 
India 
Ivory Coast 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Lebanon 
Madagascar 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Mozambique 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 

2 253 
4 888 
537 
312 
6 431 
831 

184 

8 
26 
130 
20 
1 
2 
550 
126 
784 
312 
33 
6 
4 
3 
31 
1 513 
161 

Multiple 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Philippines 
Rwanda 
Samoa 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
South Africa 
Tanzania 
Tonga 
Tunisia 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zambia 

17 887 

4 290 
33 
31 
9 
4 
8 
316 
148 
433 
52 
2 
10 
171 
148 
6 422 
14 
120 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 
Oceania 

550 
181 
1 883 
20 

2.11 Number of jobs supported/sustained by the EU 

Afghanistan 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Chile 
Congo 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Cuba 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 

Regions 
OCT 

1 931 
72 
8 003 
334 
31 243 
2 438 
749 
645 
599 
4 328 
211 
28 
2 024 
186 
120 
191 
1 228 
150 
1 152 
43 350 
1 750 
3 163 
238 

Guatemala 
Guinea 
Guinea Bissau 
Honduras 
India 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Lebanon 
Liberia 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Nepal 
Nigeria 
OCT 
territories) 
Pakistan 

(overseas 

countries 

and 

459 

185 

1 000 
720 
521 
2 118 
25 113 
115 
6 216 
6 789 
510 
54 
377 
297 
3 331 
119 
3 606 
2 384 
350 
45 
5 235 
1 347 

352 
11 600 

Paraguay 
Peru 
Philippines 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South Sudan 
Tanzania 
Timor Leste 
Tunisia 
Turkmenistan 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Vietnam 
Wallis and Futuna 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Multiple 

520 736 

33 
14 000 
2 317 
227 
4 784 
5 120 
10 972 
54 389 
751 
661 
303 
38 391 
1 429 
1 298 
16 472 
33 
1 093 
107 
4 116 
34 650 
324 
152 934 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 

40 942 
142 882 
4 672 
17 673 
6 097 
45 151 
88 594 
22 516 
151 750 

2.12 Number of countries supported by the EU to strengthen investment climate 

Afghanistan 
Algeria 
Angola 
Antigua and Barbuda 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bahamas 
Bangladesh 
Barbados 
Belarus 
Belize 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Bolivia 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Central Africa Republic 
Chad 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Comoros 
Congo (Brazaville) 
Costa Rica 
Democratic Republic of Congo 
Djibouti 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Guinea (Conakry) 
Guinea Bissau 

186 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Guyana 
Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Ivory Coast 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyzstan 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Libya 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Malaysia 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 

110 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

 
 
 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Namibia 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Panama 
Papua New Guinea 
Rwanda 
Saint Kitts and Nevis 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Saint Lucia 
Samoa 
São Tome & Principe 
Senegal 
Seychelle 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Sri Lanka 
St Vincent and Grenadines 
Sudan 
Suriname 
Swaziland 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Timor Leste 
Togo 
Trinidad and Tobago 
Tunisia 
Turkmenistan 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Vanuatu 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

6 
46 
18 
4 
9 
3 
16 
3 
5 

2.13a Number of beneficiaries with access to financial services with EU support: a) firms 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bahamas 
Barbados 

11 
2 124 
1 
1 
3 

Belarus 
Chad 
Colombia 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 

187 

185 
72 
910 
24 
49 

Egypt 
Ethiopia 
Georgia 
Grenada 
Guinea 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

737 220 

66 306 
6 
3 835 
1 
10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Mongolia 
Morocco 
Saint Lucia 
South Sudan 
St Vincent and Grenadines 
Sudan 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Trinidad and Tobago 

3 
15 
1 
195 
1 
43 
1 
25 
7 

Tunisia 
Turkmenistan 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Costa Rica 
Multiple 

156 
46 
6 
378 
508 
126 
476 
650 953 

India 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Lebanon 
Moldova 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 

26 
9 303 
14 
11 
1 
8 
4 
719 
656 

66 481 
365 
528 
959 
3 
10 159 
6 557 
1219 
650 949 

2.13b Number of beneficiaries with access to financial services with EU support: b) individuals 

2 311 132 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Burundi 
Colombia 
Costa Rica 
Ecuador 
Egypt 

42 
9 350 
84 
17 644 
2 
3 719 
1 195 
105 
29 339 
574 

El Salvador 
Georgia 
Guatemala 
Guinea 
Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Iraq 
Kenya 

188 

608 
29 745 
88 
180 
1 859 
1 610 
2 406 
454 
7 718 
18 377 

Kyrgyz Republic 
Libya 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Morocco 
Multiple 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Papua New Guinea 

1 716 
6 
16 373 
45 054 
11 
126 
1 332 617 
479 
712 
744 775 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Peru 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Somalia 
Sri Lanka 

6 202 
7 012 
10 
5 000 
1 063 

Sudan 
Syria 
Tanzania 
Uganda 
Uzbekistan 

2 329 
1 219 
11 338 
1 260 
1 093 

West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zimbabwe 

95 
1 070 
6 473 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 
Multiple 

591 
117 125 
4 982 
36 736 
454 
10 102 
1 396 239 
2 
744 775 
126 

2.14 Number of quality schemes adopted by economic operators with EU support 

Chad 
China 
Colombia 
Costa Rica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Gabon 
Georgia 
Ghana 
India 

1 
134 
8 
3 
20 
63 
1 
89 
1 
1 

Kyrgyz Republic 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mauritania 
Moldova 
Nepal 
Peru 
Sierra Leone 
South Africa 
Trinidad and Tobago 

1 
31 
1 
8 
40 
1 
1 
32 101 
16 
36 

Tunisia 
Turkmenistan 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zimbabwe 
Multiple 

32 815 

11 
1 
132 
9 
2 
9 
10 
84 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 

17 

189 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 

32 302 
59 
72 
136 
9 
93 
49 
78 

2.15 Number of people who have benefited from institution- or workplace-based VET/skills development interventions supported by the EU 

1 683 890 

Afghanistan 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Barbados 
Belarus 
Belize 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
China 
Colombia 
Congo 
Costa Rica 
Côte d'Ivoire 

5 642 
186 
2 987 
1 654 
87 337 
1 212 
2 017 
819 
158 
2 743 
1 658 
129 
94 
265 
388 
1 258 
534 
20 
7 191 
467 
83 
3 656 

Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Guinea 
Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 

190 

1 006 
26 
661 888 
916 
9 490 
78 862 
5 759 
989 
28 
7 844 
17 202 
9 
341 
1 161 
4 224 
8 143 
35 488 
577 
274 
1 618 
9 856 
251 

Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Lebanon 
Liberia 
Libya 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Namibia 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Panama 

23 648 
14 
756 
4 338 
654 
2 806 
8 261 
9 440 
432 
272 
1 569 
821 
137 253 
8 810 
3 025 
8 566 
141 
11 547 
2 118 
955 
59 002 
20 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

15 969 
2 737 
4 758 
15 696 
14 604 
11 162 
190 
1 409 
2 347 

Turkmenistan 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Wallis and Futuna 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Multiple 
OCTs Pacific 

2 869 
3 844 
1 584 
130 
6 975 
4 510 
46 
316 416 
100 

Peru 
Philippines 
Rwanda 
Saint Kitts and Nevis 
Sao Tome & Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 

Regions 
OCT 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple Regions 

452 
1 490 
1 497 
158 
80 
524 
90 
23 278 
77 

South Sudan 
Sri Lanka 
Sudan 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Timor Leste 
Togo 
Tunisia 

130 
149 744 
312 406 
768 950 
13 146 
3 098 
38 171 
223 595 
5 170 
169 480 

2.16 Total length of road supported by the EU through a) construction, b) rehabilitation, c) maintenance (km) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Bangladesh 
Belize 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 

40 
38 
20 
34 
143 
159 
34 
15 
1 

Côte d'Ivoire 
Dominican Republic 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Guinea 
Guinea Bissau 
Honduras 
India 

191 

25 
29 
40 178 
84 
30 
377 
144 
119 
14 

Jamaica 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Moldova 
Mozambique 
Niger 
OCT (overseas countries and territories) 

80 480 

156 
83 
905 
33 640 
120 
259 
278 
107 
102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Papua New Guinea 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 

Regions 
OCT 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

31 
79 
19 

South Sudan 
Tunisia 
Uganda 

192 
199 
2 065 

West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Multiple 

11 
752 

102 
199 
79 239 
338 
159 
11 
142 
259 
31 

2.17 Number of migrants, forcibly displaced people or individuals from host communities protected or assisted with EU support 

14 415 975 

Afghanistan 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Brazil 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Colombia 
Comoros 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Dominican Republic 

375 920 
55 
950 170 
115 
15 872 
25 036 
73 912 
5 244 
226 550 
107 410 
380 971 
1 373 
14 330 
2 111 
46 122 
3 570 
2 247 

Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Ethiopia 
Georgia 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
Indonesia 
Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Malawi 
Mali 

192 

7 998 
46 409 
1 197 
190 417 
3 759 
14 118 
5 211 
63 302 
135 259 
86 995 
123 847 
110 
485 
949 145 
2 126 
335 038 
3 801 

Moldova 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nepal 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Peru 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South Sudan 
Sri Lanka 
Sudan 
Syria 
Tajikistan 

 458 
6 516 
99 637 
74 035 
15 072 
41 866 
1 346 018 
3 790 
175 
1 215 
47 359 
108 
2 149 
14 000 
1 873 
740 524 
469 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Tanzania 
Thailand 
Tunisia 
Uganda 

706 
110 121 
1 466 
155 323 

Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Venezuela 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 

21 506 
403 
7 610 
2 600 127 

Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 
Multiple 

4 090 963 
14 102 
221 736 
596 424 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 

474 495 
3 489 118 
22 773 
33 028 
179 152 
8 754 432 
1 437 783 
22 079 
3 116 

2.18a Number of migration management or forced displacement strategies or policies a) developed/revised with EU support 

Afghanistan 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Brazil 
Cape Verde 
China 
Colombia 
Costa Rica 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Ethiopia 

2 
3 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
4 
1 

Ghana 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritius 
Moldova 

Morocco 
Multiple 
Nepal 
Niger 
Pakistan 
Sierra Leone 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Tunisia 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 

1 
4 
2 
2 
1 
2 
3 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 

65 

4 
9 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 

11 

193 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple Regions 

14 
11 
3 
2 
6 
10 
2 
6 

2.18b Number of migration management or forced displacement strategies or policies b) under implementation with EU support 

Afghanistan 
Azerbaijan 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Egypt 
Georgia 

3 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Honduras 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Mali 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Nepal 

Pakistan 
Ukraine 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zimbabwe 

1 
1 
1 
5 
2 
1 

29 

2 
2 
1 
3 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 

3 
4 
1 
2 
1 
11 
7 

2.19 Number of countries and cities with climate change and/or disaster risk reduction strategies a) developed, b) under implementation with EU support 

158 

Algeria 
Angola 
Antigua and Barbuda 
Argentina 
Barbados 

3 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Belarus 
Bhutan 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Cambodia 

1 
1 
32 
1 
1 

Cameroon 
Chile 
Colombia 
Cook Islands 
Costa Rica 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

194 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
El Salvador 
Equatorial Guinea 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Georgia 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Guinea Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Israel 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kenya 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
4 
1 
2 
1 

Kiribati 
Lebanon 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Marshall Islands 
Mauritania 
Mexico 
Micronesia 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Multiple 
Namibia 
Nauru 
Nicaragua 
Niue 
Palau 
Panama 
Papua New Guinea 
Paraguay 
Peru 

1 
3 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
5 
15 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
12 

Philippines 
Rwanda 
Saint Kitts and Nevis 
Saint Lucia 
Samoa 
Sengal 
Seychelles 
Solomon Islands 
Sudan 
Suriname 
Swaziland 
Timor Leste 
Tonga 
Tunisia 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Uruguay 
Vanuatu 
Zambia 

11 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 
Oceania 

9 
18 
19 
53 
3 
9 
14 
3 
15 
15 

195 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.20 Number of micro, small and medium enterprises applying sustainable consumption and production practices with EU support 

19 398 

Pakistan 
Philippines 
Somalia 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Tunisia 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 

242 
5 
143 
560 
63 
117 
50 
5 
260 
10 452 
297 
789 
50 

Afghanistan 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Belize 
Burkina-Faso 
Cambodia 
China 
Colombia 
Dominican Republic 
Ethiopia 
Georgia 

105 
55 
10 
2 935 
9 
3 
35 
441 
186 
694 
22 
12 
1 

Ghana 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Kenya 
Laos 
Mali 
Morocco 
Multiple 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nepal 
Nicaragua 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 

572 
1 086 
223 
749 
1 513 
21 
4 749 
33 
10 452 

2.21 Greenhouse gas emissions avoided with EU support (tonnes CO2eq) 

Afghanistan 
Antigua and Barbuda 

4 696 
3 200 

Argentina 
Armenia 

249 200 
373 528 

Barbados 
Belarus 

196 

40 
340 
636 
12 
9 
208 
312 
30 
24 
225 
21 

57 356 260 

313 421 
30 594 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

388 
77 000 
13 
2 037 600 
51 745 
248 511 
936 698 
720 700 
969 594 
6 000 
224 
3 830 
3 890 
124 
8 580 
4 829 
2 769 
45 708 
1 015 760 
106 421 
15 564 131 
33 200 

Nepal 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Peru 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
St Vincent and Grenadines 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Tunisia 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

250 170 
47 000 
351 444 
710 000 
4 010 
73 650 
9 868 
377 972 
77 
1 257 600 
3 626 
1 522 277 
63 860 
45 
94 700 
11 
479 882 
3 808 492 
563 978 
19 731 
848 200 
272 

Guinea-Bissau 
Guyana 
Honduras 
India 
Ivory Coast 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyzstan 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mexico 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Multiple 
Myanmar 

Benin 
Bolivia 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Chad 
Chile 
China 
Cook Islands 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea (Conakry) 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 
Oceania 

23 000 
100 000 
60 487 
177 400 
302 512 
5 
35 
45 440 
643 000 
3 682 283 
1 953 
38 000 
57 779 
2 483 200 
92 000 
4 475 
4 043 541 
16 000 
36 004 
86 329 
13 600 
12 150 000 

3 593 660 
25 540 368 
864 338 
1 073 210 
4 554 773 
956 653 
5 937 069 
3 884 794 
10 949 431 
1 964 

197 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.22 Marine areas under a) protection with EU support (km2) 

Grenada 
Guinea Bissau 
Haiti 

7 
2 200 
756 

Jamaica 
Philippines 
Saint Lucia 

1 876 
1 
10 

St Vincent and Grenadines 
Thailand 

Regions 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

2 200 
2 715 
2 196 

2.23a Areas of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems under a) protection with EU support (ha) 
Angola 
Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Colombia 
Congo 

Ecuador 
Gabon 
Guinea Bissau 
Haiti 
Indonesia 
Laos 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malaysia 
Mali 

1 515 000 
616 276 
17 991 387 
2 054 397 
318 
1 104 434 
800 880 
3 644 500 
481 486 
415 000 

598 602 
511 991 
1 753 949 
96 
43 750 
191 200 
1 161 782 
95 063 
181 555 
59 151 

Myanmar/Burma 
Namibia 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Philippines 
Suriname 
Thailand 
Vietnam 
Zimbabwe 

7 111 

66 
2 195 

44 390 194 
21 5073 
2 749 444 
1 180 
3 113 445 
102 388 
250 000 
23 087 
189 259 
4 525 500 

Regions 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 

 18 336 694    
 96    
 25 106 773    
 731 557    
 215 073    

198 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.23b Areas of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems under b) sustainable management with EU support (ha) 

Afghanistan 
Bolivia 
Cameroon 
Chad 
Colombia 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Ethiopia 

5 791 
 364 631    
3 500 
1 800 

 12 030 887    

61 
2 000 20 
38 528 

Georgia 
Guinea Bissau 
Haiti 
Jamaica 
Madagascar 
Mauritius 
Mozambique 
Multiple 

Regions 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Multiple 

 4 812 515    
 85 236    
 12 785 636    
 4 727 500    
 162 808    
 41 108 409    

157 017 
1 753 949 
208 
84 967 
110 447 
229 
286 100 
43 580 664 

Niger 
Peru 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Togo 

2.24 Number of countries supported by the EU to conduct elections and/or improve their electoral process 

Afghanistan 
Angola 
Armenia 
Belize 
Botswana 
Cambodia 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Democratic Rep. Of Congo 
Djibouti 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Equatorial Guinea 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea (Conakry) 
Guinea Bissau 
India 
Jordan 
Kenya 

199 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Kyrgyzstan 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mauritius 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Namibia 

63 682 104 

2 067 
190 098 
8 754 
134 356 
4 727 500 
530 

39 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 

Regions   
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 
1 
1 

South Africa 
Timor Leste 
Ukraine 

1 
1 
1 

West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

1 
1 
1 

26 
1 
2 
3 
5 
1 
1 

2.25 Number of government policies developed or revised with civil society organisation participation through EU support 

727 

Afghanistan 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Barbados 
Belarus 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Bolivia 
Botswana 
Brazil 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Chile 

16 
8 
7 
1 
6 
6 
1 
2 
1 
22 
4 
18 
4 
2 
10 
1 
1 
5 
5 

China 
Colombia 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea Bissau 
Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Iraq 
Israel 

200 

13 
73 
1 
4 
14 
1 
1 
2 
2 
25 
6 
1 
4 
1 
4 
8 
1 
5 
1 

Jordan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Libya 
Malawi 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Multiple 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nicaragua 
Niger 

3 
15 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
17 
1 
1 
1 
2 
7 
6 
17 
80 
3 
3 

 
 
 
 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Philippines 
Russia 
Rwanda 
Senegal 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2 
2 
1 
13 
4 
2 
1 
3 

Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Sudan 
Swaziland 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 

6 
2 
1 
3 
8 
73 
56 
19 

Togo 
Trinidad and Tobago 
Tunisia 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Vietnam 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple Regions 
Oceania 

22 
243 
17 
154 
53 
11 
221 
4 
1 
1 

level 

2.26 Number of victims of human rights violations directly benefiting from assistance funded by the EU 
No  country  breakdown  due  to  country 
sensitivities. 
Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 
Multiple Regions 

7 005 
74 545 
2 610 
5 960 
3 515 
4 299 
3 526 
2 114 
1 409 
1 342 

201 

1 
1 
13 
1 
28 
2 
3 
28 

106 325 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.27 Number of people directly benefiting from legal aid interventions supported by the EU 

Philippines 
Russia 
Senegal 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Syria 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Togo 
Tunisia 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 
Multiple 

39 
1 028 
14 530 
27 012 
8 256 
5 057 
412 
1 529 
11 454 
607 215 
124 421 
40 
175 
0 
650 
132 629 
15 
3 661 
1 928 
468 

Afghanistan 
Angola 
Argentina 
Azerbaijan 
Bangladesh 
Belarus 
Benin 
Bolivia 
Cambodia 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Colombia 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gambia 
Georgia 

10 399 
113 
1 155 
3 070 
32 939 
324 
50 
2 123 
5 620 
172 
2 295 
3 663 
385 
3 967 
236 
541 
6 424 
5 512 
32 394 
43 229 

Guatemala 
Guinea 
Honduras 
India 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Liberia 
Malawi 
Mauritania 
Mexico 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nepal 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Peru 

Regions 
Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 
Multiple 

2 391 
3 983 255 
26 967 
7 645 
7 068 
17 178 
263 690 
25 731 
5 512 
3 847 

202 

4 343 284 

847 
25 278 
78 580 
1 770 
121 
8 883 
2 848 315 
89 
1 301 
1 200 
247 301 
129 
512 
2 374 
864 
21 343 
4 797 
4 450 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2.28 Number of individuals directly benefiting from EU-supported interventions that specifically aim to support civilian post-conflict peacebuilding and/or 
conflict prevention 

659 664 

Afghanistan 
Burundi 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Colombia 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
El Salvador 
Georgia 
Guinea 
Iraq 

Regions 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 

183 
5 168 
2 737 
4 067 
18 603 
12 733 
14 547 
1 171 
450 
12 036 

Jordan 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Liberia 
Libya 
Mauritania 
Myanmar/Burma 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 

13 888 
179 
97 238 
91 500 
418 
136 
66 199 
1 738 
43 778 
4 387 

Philippines 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sri Lanka 
Sudan 
Syria 
Thailand 
Tunisia 
Ukraine 
Yemen 

309 
22 056 
23 604 
13 631 
4 276 
111 729 
1 647 
57 
12 000 
79 199 

475 
210 505 
16 285 
18 603 
2 135 
314 090 
85 571 
12 000 

203 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.29 Number of state institutions and non-state actors supported on security, border management, countering violent extremism, conflict prevention, 
protection of civilian population and human rights 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

6 103 

Afghanistan 
Algeria 
Angola 
Antigua and Barbuda 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bahamas 
Bangladesh 
Barbados 
Belarus 
Belize 
Bolivia 
Botswana 
Brazil 
Burkina-Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Central African Rep 
Chad 
Chile 
Colombia 
Comoros 
Costa Rica 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 

El Salvador 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Guinea Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Indonesia 
Iraq 
Israel 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kenya 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Libya 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Malaysia 
Maldives 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Moldova 

116 
42 
1 
8 
24 
15 
17 
3 
202 
8 
27 
3 
55 
1 
12 
1 
430 
25 
14 
9 
78 
9 
354 
3 
3 
6 
46 
3 
8 
5 
37 
43 

204 

49 
4 
1 
17 
93 
75 
8 
70 
1 
4 
104 
42 
22 
4 
3 
10 
64 
4 
10 
30 
2 
63 
1 
6 
52 
86 
84 
55 
1 
2 
44 
2 
28 
65 

Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar/Burma 
Namibia 
Nepal 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Panama 
Papua New Guinea 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Philippines 
Russia 
Rwanda 
Saint Kitts and Nevis 
Saint Lucia 
Senegal 
Seychelles 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Sri Lanka 
St Vincent and Grenadines 
Sudan 
Suriname 
Swaziland 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Timor Leste 

2 
45 
24 
227 
11 
108 
5 
334 
173 
5 
5 
2 
58 
24 
323 
1 
8 
8 
13 
2 
126 
1 
78 
170 
28 
8 
2 
3 
1 
407 
3 
8 
54 
1 

 
 
 
 
 
Togo 
Trinidad and Tobago 
Tunisia 
Turkmenistan 
Uganda 
Ukraine 

Regions 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Multiple 
Oceania 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 
3 
108 
5 
6 
44 

Uruguay 
Uzbekistan 
Venezuela 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

Zambia 
Zimbabwe 
Multiple 

4 
6 
36 
31 
48 
15 

242 
1 787 
334 
567 
113 
535 
757 
419 
1 343 
6 

2.30 Number of countries supported by the EU to strengthen revenue mobilisation, public financial management and/or budget transparency 
Afghanistan 
Algeria 
Angola 
Antigua and Barbuda 
Argentina 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Bahamas 
Bangladesh 
Barbados 
Belarus 
Belize 
Benin 

Colombia 
Comoros 
Congo 
Cook Islands 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Democratic Rep. of Congo 
Djibouti 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Egypt 
El Salvador 

Bhutan 
Bolivia 
Botswana 
Brazil 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cameroon 
Cape Verde 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Chile 
China 

 1 
 1 
1 
 1 
1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

205 

19 
67 
728 

153 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Fiji 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guatemala 
Guinea (Conakry) 
Guinea Bissau 
Guyana 
Haiti 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Iran 
Iraq 
Ivory Coast 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Kenya 
Kiribati 
Kyrgyzstan 
Laos 
Lebanon 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Maldives 
Mali 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Marshall Islands 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Micronesia 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Namibia 
Nauru 
Nepal 
New Caledonia 
Nicaragua 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Niue 
OCTs 
Pakistan 
Palau 
Panama 
Papua New Guinea 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Philippines 
Rwanda 
Saint Kitts and Nevis 
Saint Lucia 
Saint Vincent and Grenadines 
Samoa 
São Tomé and Príncipe 
Senegal 

206 

Seychelles 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South Sudan 
Sri Lanka 
Sudan 
Suriname 
Swaziland 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tanzania 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Tonga 
Trinidad and Tobago 
Tunisia 
Turkmenistan 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Vanuatu 
Venezuela 
Vietnam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
17 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Regions 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Europe 
Oceania 

4 
50 
32 
13 
9 
7 
17 
3 
18 

207 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

7. 

FINANCIAL ANNEXES 

7.1. 

EU development assistance in 2020 

7.1.1.  Introduction to financial tables 

General concepts: 

This  Annual  Report  provides  an  overview  of  policies,  objectives  and  achievements  in  2020.  The 
tables and graphs in these financial annexes present the main data on EU development assistance in 
2020 by country, region, sector and instrument.  

The  legal  and  financial  basis  of  EU  development  assistance  under  the  2014-2020  Multiannual 
Financial  Framework  is  composed  of  several  instruments,  which  can  be  geographic  (targeting  a 
group of countries) or thematic (targeting a specific development issue). The geographic cooperation 
with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries is based on the Partnership Agreement with 
the  ACP  signatory  states  and  is  mainly  financed,  South  Africa  excepted,  by  the  European 
Development  Fund  (EDF)  which  is  separate  from  the  EU  budget.  External  assistance  for  other 
geographic  areas  and  the  thematic  programmes  with  worldwide  coverage  are  financed  from  the 
General  EU budget under different instruments such as Development and Cooperation Instrument 
(DCI) or the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI).  

Whenever references are made in the following tables to the 'EU budget', this refers to the budget 
managed by the European Commission and does not cover EU Member States' national budgets for 
development assistance. 

The  methodology  of  the  financial  annexes  of  the  Annual  Report  is  compliant  with  international 
standards as defined by OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and in particular :  

•  The concept of Official Development Assistance (ODA) used throughout the tables and figures is 
defined  by  the  OECD  DAC.  Not  all  EU  external  assistance  can  be  reported  as  ODA.  Whether  a 
project is classified as ODA depends on the eligibility of the recipient country and the purpose 
and contents of the project.  

•  The definition of "region" reflects the country groupings used by OECD DAC. It does not always 
coincide with the country groupings used in the Commission instruments. The granularity level 
of some of the tables allows for a breakdown by country and instrument for analytical purposes.  

•  The grouping of ODA-eligible countries in four groups (Less Developed Countries or LDCs; Other 
Low-Income  Countries  or  OLICs;  Lower  Middle-Income  Countries  or  LMICs;  Upper  Middle-
Income  Countries  or  UMICs)  is  a  dimension  widely  used  by  OECD  DAC  and  other  international 
organisations. It is based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita calculations and on human 
development indexes.  

•  The activity sectors used in the tables are those used by OECD DAC for sectoral ventilation (DAC 

purpose codes).  

It is worth noting that there are significant methodological differences between the presentation of 
the data in this Annual Report and the OECD DAC statistics, which makes it difficult to compare the 
two data sets.  

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Structure and common elements:  

Financial annexes of the 2020 Annual Report are structured in four sections as follows:  

•  Tables  1  to  19  in  these  annexes  are  the  core  of  the  financial  reporting.  These  tables  remain 
unchanged  year  after  year  and  ensure  the  continuity  of  the  statistical  series.  They  mainly 
present commitments and payments funded by the Heading IV of the General Budget and the 
EDF in 2020.  

•  Tables 20 to 23 present (as requested by the Council of the European Union212) 2020 payments 
reporting on implementation by type of implementation partners, as referenced in the Financial 
Regulation213, as well as by type of instruments.  

•  Tables 24 to 29 are specific to the 2020 Annual Report, which marks the end of the 2014-2020 
Multiannual  Financial  Framework.  They  present  a  synthesis  of  the  last  seven years  of  financial 
statistics, as requested by Article 31 of the new Neighbourhood, Development and International 
Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) basic act.  

•  Tables TF1 to TF6 present data on the implementation of the European Union Trust Funds.  

At the top right of each table, a small information box specifies whether the figures in the table are 
Commitments or Disbursements (C or D respectively); whether only Official Development Assistance 
(ODA) figures are included, or non-ODA figures are included as well (Y or N, depending); which of the 
EDF, the INTPA (Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation) budget lines, and the non-
INTPA  budget 
for  Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement 
Negotiations) are included (Y or N, depending). 

(including  Directorate-General 

lines 

To improve readability, all numbers in the tables are presented as rounded up to the nearest million 
euro. When a table shows the number “0”, it means that the exact figure is lower than 0.5 million 
euro. When a table shows a blank, it means that the exact figure is zero.  

A list of abbreviations is also provided in this annex  before the Tables.  

List of tables:  

Table  1  shows  the  relative  importance  of  external  assistance  in  the  overall  expenditure  of  the 
European Commission.  

Table 2 provides a breakdown between ODA and non-ODA by Directorate-General.  

Table  3  and  4  provide  detailed  breakdowns  of  the  commitments  and  payments  funded  by  the  EU 
Budget by managing entity and instrument.  

Table  5  presents  a  summary  of  the  commitments  and  payments  funded  by  the  European 
Development Fund for 2020. 

Table 6 gives a sectoral breakdown of ODA by Directorate-General.  

Table 7 gives a breakdown of European Commission external assistance by country.  

212  WK 1423/2020 REV 2. 
213 Financial Regulation Article 62 para 1 point c). 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Table 8 shows the distribution of ODA by OECD sector and different country groupings, including the 
country income level group.  

Table 9 combines a ventilation of ODA by sector and by country.  

Table 10 and 11 provide a sectoral breakdown by OECD DAC region for INTPA and non-INTPA ODA, 
respectively.  

Table 12 combines a breakdown by sector and by EC instrument.  

Table 14 introduces a breakdown by aid mechanism (project approach, sectoral budget support or 
general budget support) combined with instruments.  

Table  16  to  19  provide  a  historical  perspective  (last  five  years)  for  the  sectoral  breakdown,  the 
regional distribution of aid, the breakdown by income group and the breakdown by aid mechanism.  

NB/ Last year’s table 20 (amounts disbursed from transfer agreements) now duplicates with a new 
table shown this year (table 26) and has therefore been removed. For data on disbursements from 
transfer agreements, please refer to table 26.  

Table 20 presents Budget Support (direct management) as a share of total expenditure and the top 
ten countries that received budget support payments in 2020.  

Table 21 presents the top ten third countries that received funding in indirect management as per 
Article 62.1.c.i) of the Financial Regulation 2018. 

Table  22  presents  the  detail  of  international  organisations  that  received  funding  in  indirect 
management  (by  class  of  international  organisation  and  the  top  ten  recipients)  as  per  Article 
62.1.c.ii) of the Financial Regulation 2018.  

Table 23 presents the top ten Member State and non-Member State agencies that received funding 
in  indirect  management.  The  table  covers  sections  v  (public  law  bodies,  including  Member  State 
organisations)  and  vi  (bodies  governed  by  private  law  with  a  public  service  mission,  including 
Member  State  organisations)  as  defined  in  article  62.1.c  of  the  Financial  Regulation  2018  grouped 
together.  

Detailed  lists  of  contracts  signed  with  international  organisations  or  development  agencies  in 
indirect  management  are  available  in  the  Annual  Activity  Reports  (annex  6)  of  the  Directorate 
General  for  International  Cooperation  and  Development  (INTPA),  the  Directorate  General  for 
Neighbourhood  and  Enlargement  Negotiations  (NEAR),  and  the  Directorate  General  for  European 
Civil  Protection  and  Humanitarian  Aid  Operations  (ECHO)  respectively,  at  the  following  link: 
https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/annual-activity-reports_en. 

Table  24  to  29,  presenting  a  synthesis  of  seven  years  of  activities  (2014-2020),  are  specific  to  this 
annual report, which  marks the end of the 2014-2020 MFF. Specific methodologies apply to these 
tables:  

•  A  few  corrections  have  been  made  after  the  previous  annual  reports  were  released,  owing 
mainly to requests made by OECD DAC and data quality issues.  As a result, the totals in  these 
tables  are  fully  up  to  date,  but  may  differ  very  slightly  from  the  totals  that  could  be  made  by 
compiling the seven reports from 2014 to 2020.  

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

•  Following OECD DAC methodology, tables 24A and 25A present the sum of commitments from 
2014  to  2020  inclusive  but  includes  decommitments  only  if  they  take  place  during  the  same 
calendar  year  as  the  corresponding  commitment.  Decommitments  of  the  non-contracted 
balance  potentially  taking  place  at  the  end  of  the  life  of  a  commitment  are  not  included.  As  a 
result, the totals presented are to be considered gross totals rather than net ones. 

•  Respecting  the  principle  of  annularity  of  the  budget,  2014-2020  totals  shown  in  these  tables 
include  disbursements  funded  by  both  the  2014-2020  MFF  and  the  completion  lines  of  the 
previous MFF (2007-2013). Table 29 shows the respective proportions of both funding sources.  

Table 24A and 24B present a breakdown by sector and by instrument of the total of 2014-2020 data 
for commitments and disbursements.  

Table 25A and 25B present a breakdown by country and instrument of the total of 2014-2020 data 
for commitments and disbursements. Countries that have graduated (becoming ineligible for ODA) 
during  the  course  of  the  2014-2020  MFF  are  shown  twice,  once  in  the  “developing  countries” 
section  and  once  in  the  “countries  and  territories  in  transition  section”  with  the  relevant  financial 
flows.  

Table  26  provides  data  for  the  2014-2020  period  on  Transfer  Agreements  to  the  European 
Commission (it includes data from last year’s table 20). All transactions from the EU general budget 
or from the EDF which are directly co-financed by EU Member States or external donors (e.g., Bill & 
Melinda  Gates  Foundation)  for  specific  projects  are  considered  Transfer  Agreements.  EDF  or  Trust 
Funds transfer as administrative credits and EDF transfer to the EFSD are not included in the table.  

Funds  from  the  Transfer  Agreements  form  an  integral  part  of  the  EU  budget  and  project  portfolio 
and  are  therefore  included  in  this  annual  report.  However,  as  EU  Member  States  report  them 
directly  to  the  DAC,  the  Commission  excludes  them  from  its  own  DAC  reporting  to  avoid  double 
counting.  

Table  27  provides  a  detailed  annual  breakdown  of  2014-2020  payments  by  management  mode 
(direct  and  indirect)  and  by  implementing  category  in  the  sense  of  Article  62.1.c  of  the  Financial 
Regulation 2018214.  

Table 28 provides a breakdown of 2014-2020 payments by “forms of union funding” using the new 
taxonomy defined in Article 23 of the NDICI basic act, as requested by Article 31 of the NDICI basic 
act, for both direct and indirect management modes. It should be noted that :  

•  For the sake of clarity, certain forms of EU funding that are not explicitly included in Article 23 
NDICI are shown on distinct lines: this is in particular the case for Contribution and Delegation 
Agreements as well as Programme Estimates.  

• 

“Blending”  is  defined  in  the  context  of  this  table  as  payments  on  contracts  funded  by  the 
European Commission leading to the mobilisation of private finance for the implementation of 
projects. Mobilised funds per se are not included.  

214 Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 on the 
financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union. 

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Table 29 show the proportion of 2014-2020 disbursements that has been funded by the 2014-2020 
Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) and the part that has been funded using “completion lines” 
of the previous MFF (2007-2013).  

Table TF1 to TF6 provide information on the implementation of EU Trust Funds. EU Trust Funds are 
new development tools that pool together resources from different donors (including the European 
Commission) to enable a quick, flexible, and collective EU response to the different dimensions of a 
situation requiring an urgent response. They are specific instruments with  their own accounts and 
financial management. 

As  of  2020,  four  EU  Trust  Funds  are  active:  EUTF  Africa  (fostering  stability  and  assisting  a  broad 
group of countries across the African continent), EUTF Bêkou (addressing the crisis in Central Africa), 
EUTF  Madad  (addressing  the  consequences  of  the  Syrian  crisis)  and  EUTF  Colombia  (in  support  of 
Colombia's post-conflict peace building efforts).  

The tables TF 1 to TF 6 are shown to provide some information on the financial implementation of 
the EU Trust Funds in a way that is consistent with international DAC standards.  

Annex TF 1 shows the contributions to the Trust Funds, both during previous years and for 2020. 

Annexes TF 2 to TF 6 provide the breakdown of the expenditure realised by the active Trust Funds.  

To  conclude,  the  financial  annexes  of  the  Annual  Report  will  be  overhauled  and  streamlined  next 
year, while preserving the continuity of the statistical series, to integrate the needs that have arisen 
during the past few years and the specificities of the new MFF.  

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7.1.2.  Financial tables 

The Annual Report main financial annex consists of the following tables: 

1 Percentage of EU Budget committed and disbursed on External Assistance in 2020 

2 Proportion of external assistance used for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2020 

3A General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Commitments 

3B General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Disbursements 

4A General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Commitments 

4B General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Disbursements 

5 European Development Fund (EDF) in 2020 

6A Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2020 - Commitments 

6B Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2020 - Disbursements 

7A Country breakdown of European Commission development aid in 2020 - Commitments 

7B Country breakdown of European Commission development aid in 2020 - Disbursements 

8 Distribution of ODA by OECD Sector and Country Grouping in 2020 

9A ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2020 - Commitments 

9B ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2020 - Disbursements 

10A INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Commitments 

10B INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Disbursements 

11A Budget Non-INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Commitments 

11B Budget Non-INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Disbursements 

12A Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2020 - Commitments 

12B Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2020 - Disbursements 

13A  Breakdown by country and instrument for  2020 - Commitments 

13B  Breakdown by country and instrument for  2020 - Disbursements 

14A Breakdown by aid mechanism and by instrument 2020 - Commitments 

14B Breakdown by aid mechanism and by instrument 2020 - Disbursements 

15A Sources of External Assistance in 2016-2020 - Commitments 

15B Sources of External Assistance in 2016-2020 - Disbursements 

16 Sectoral breakdown of Official Development Assistance (ODA) 2016-2020 

17A Regional distribution of aid to developing countries (ODA) 2016-2020 

17B Regional distribution of aid to developing countries (ODA) 2016-2020 

18 ODA by instrument in 2016-2020 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

19  Breakdown by aid mechanism for 2016-2020 

20 Budget support as a share of total expenditure in 2020 - Disbursements 

21 Third countries as part of indirect management in 2020 - Disbursements 

22 International organisations as part of indirect management in 2020 - Disbursements 

23 Member State agencies / Non Member State agencies as part of indirect management in 2020 - 
Disbursements 

24A Sectoral breakdown per instrument - Commitments 

24B Sectoral breakdown per instrument - Disbursements 

25A  Breakdown by country and instrument - Commitments 

25B  Breakdown by country and instrument - Disbursements 

26 Evolution of the amounts disbursed from Transfer Agreements by DG in 2014-2020 

27 Disbursements - Breakdown by entity (Art 62 FR) for both direct and indirect management 

28 Disbursements - Breakdown by forms of Union Funding as defined in Article 23 NDICI 

29 Split between Previous EDF and Completion Lines and 2014 - 2020 Instruments 

The Annual Report financial annex presents analysis of the implementation of the EU Trust Funds 
in the following tables: 

TF 1 Overview of incoming contributions (disbursements from contributors) 

TF 2A Overview of committed and disbursed amounts  

TF 2B  Proportion of Trust Funds assistance used for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2020 

TF 3A Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Africa  

TF 3B Regional breakdown of Trust Fund Africa  

TF 4 Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Bêkou  

TF 5 Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Colombia  

TF 6 Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Madad  

Note: All amounts are displayed in EUR millions. 

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Table of Abbreviations 

Meaning 
Africa, Caribbean, Pacific 
The Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development 
Central and Eastern European Countries 
Common Foreign and Security Policy Instrument 
The Directorate-General for Climate Action  
Development Cooperation Instrument - Geographic 
Development Cooperation Instrument - Thematic 
The Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs 
The Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection 
European Development Fund 
European Fund for Sustainable Development 
European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights 
The Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 
European Neighbourhood Instrument 
The Directorate-General for the Environment 
The Food and Agriculture Organization 
Service for Foreign Policy Instruments 
MFF Heading - EU as a global player 
MFF Heading - Administrative expenditure (of the EU Budget and limited to External Assistance) 
Humanitarian Aid 
Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace 
International Labour Organisation - Regular Budget Supplementary Account 
Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 
The Directorate-General for International Partnerships 
Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 
Least Developed Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries 
More Advanced Developing Countries and Territories 
Macro Financial Assistance 
Multiannual Financial Framework 
The Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
Non Governmental Organisation 
Newly Independent States 
Development aid not classified as Official Development Assistance (ODA) 
Official Development Assistance 
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 
Other Low Income Countries 
Public Private Partnership 
The Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy 
The Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety 
The Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union 
The Directorate-General for Trade 
Upper Middle Income Countries 
Convention to Combat Desertification  
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 
United Nations Environment Programme  
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change  
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency 

Abbreviation 
ACP 
AGRI 
CEEC 
CFSP 
CLIMA 
DCI - Geo 
DCI - Thema 
ECFIN 
ECHO 
EDF 
EFSD 
EIDHR 
EMPL 
ENI 
ENV 
FAO 
FPI 
Heading 4 
Heading 5 
HUMA 
IcSP 
ILO-RBSA 
INSC 
INTPA 
IPA2 
LDC 
LMIC 
MADCT 
MAF 
MFF 
NEAR 
NGO 
NIS 
Non-ODA 
ODA 
OECD 
OHCHR 
OLIC 
PPP 
REGIO 
SANTE 
TAXUD 
TRADE 
UMIC 
UNCCD 
UNECE 
UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNRWA 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C  D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 1  Percentage of EU Budget committed and disbursed on External Assistance in 2020 

Commission Budget Execution without External Aid 

External Aid (Budget + EDF) 

Commission Budget + EDF 

Graphs Table 1 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

165 214 

16 059 

157 575 

16 280 

181 273 

173 855 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

9% 

9% 

Commission Budget Execution
without External Aid

External Aid (Budget + EDF)

Commission Budget Execution
without External Aid

External Aid (Budget + EDF)

91% 

91% 

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European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C  D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 2  Proportion of external assistance used for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2020 

Commitments 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Disbursements 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

3 504 

3 733 

4 159 

4 216 

36 

159 

6 

245 

3 541 

3 892 

4 165 

4 461 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

3 321 

4 354 

4 129 

3 905 

46 

324 

13 

188 

3 367 

4 679 

4 142 

4 092 

15 613 

446 

16 059 

15 709 

570 

16 280 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

Graphs Table 2 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

DG INTPA** Budget

3.504 

36 

DG INTPA** Budget

3.321 

46 

DG INTPA** EDF

3.733 

159 

DG INTPA** EDF

4.354 

324 

DG NEAR*

Other DGs

4.159 

4.216 

6 

245 

DG NEAR*

Other DGs

4.129 

3.905 

13 

188 

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

ODA

Non-ODA

ODA

Non-ODA

217 
217 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

3% 

4% 

ODA

Non-ODA

ODA

Non-ODA

97% 

96% 

218 
218 

 
   
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Table 3A  General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Commitments 

Heading / Policy Area 
01 - ECFIN 
04 - EMPL 
05 - AGRI 
07 - ENV 
13 - REGIO 
14 - TAXUD 
17 - SANTE 
19 - FPI 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4+5 

4 
4+5 

20 - TRADE 
21 - INTPA 

22 - NEAR 

23 - ECHO 

34 - CLIMA 
All 

All 

Regular 
Contribution 

Cofinancing 

Commitments 

Description 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

OTHER DGS 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Economic and financial affairs 
Employment, social affairs and inclusion 
Agriculture and rural development 
Environment 
Regional and urban policy 
Taxation and customs union 
Health and food safety 
Common foreign and security policy (CFSP) 
Cooperation with third countries under the Partnership Instrument (PI) 
Election observation missions (EU EOMs) 
Information outreach on the Union's external relations 
Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP) - Crisis response, 
conflict prevention, peace-building and crisis preparedness 
Trade 
Development and cooperation worldwide 
Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI) 
European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights 
Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP) - Global and trans- 
regional threats and emerging threats 
Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 
The European Union-Greenland partnership 
Enlargement process and strategy 
European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) 
EU Aid Volunteers initiative 
Humanitarian aid, food assistance and disaster preparedness 
The Union Civil Protection Mechanism 
Climate action 
Commission's administration 

Regular Contribution TOTAL 

All 
Commission's administration 

Cofinancing TOTAL 

104   

1 

10 
54   
28   

1 441   
2 617 

39 
2 986 
114 
78   

31   

0 
0 

33   

129 

3 482 

21   
1 

22 
3 504 

3 

0 

36 

0 
36 

7 

2 
0 

4 157 

2 
4 159 

6 

0 
6 

240   
21 
159 
4 
57 

355 
16 
23 
16 
321 

5 
0 
130 

71 
194 
3   
2 078   
81 
1 
414 

4 187 

244 

21 
9 

29 
4 216 

0 
245 

4 

35 
1 
0 
23 
143 

4 
4 

14 

2 

0 
0 

5 
0 
8 

0 
0 

345 
21 
163 
4 
93 
1 
0 
378 
161 
23 
19 
324 

19 
49 
3 172 
142 
78 

31 
33 
1 512 
2 815 
3 
2 078 
86 
1 
561 
12 113 
44 
10 
54 
12 167 

2 

4 

0 

0 
0 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

219 
219 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Table 3B  General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Disbursements 

Heading / Policy Area 
01 - ECFIN 
04 - EMPL 
05 - AGRI 
07 - ENV 
13 - REGIO 
14 - TAXUD 
17 - SANTE 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4 

4 

4 

4 
4 
4 

4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4+5 

4 
4+5 

Regular 
Contribution 

Cofinancing 

19 - FPI 

20 - TRADE 

21 - INTPA 

22 - NEAR 

23 - ECHO 

34 - CLIMA 
All 

All 

Disbursements 

Description 

DG INTPA 

DG NEAR 

OTHER DGS 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Economic and financial affairs 
Employment, social affairs and inclusion 
Agriculture and rural development 
Environment 
Regional and urban policy 
Taxation and customs union 
Health and food safety 
Common foreign and security policy (CFSP) 
Cooperation with third countries under the Partnership Instrument (PI) 
Election observation missions (EU EOMs) 
Information outreach on the Union's external relations 
Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP) - Crisis response, 
conflict prevention, peace-building and crisis preparedness 
Trade 

Completion of actions implemented under Industrialised Countries 
Instrument (ICI+) programme 

Development and cooperation worldwide 
Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI) 
European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights 
Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP) - Global and trans- 
regional threats and emerging threats 
Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 
The European Union-Greenland partnership 
Enlargement process and strategy 
European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) 
EU Aid Volunteers initiative 
Humanitarian aid, food assistance and disaster preparedness 
The Union Civil Protection Mechanism 
Climate action 
Commission's administration 

Regular Contribution TOTAL 

All 
Commission's administration 

Cofinancing TOTAL 

199   

0 
24   
2 726 
110 

65 

14 

2   

0 

6 

26 
18 

1 520 
2 391 

1 

6 
1 
1   

0   
33   

128 

3 269 

51 
1 

52 
3 321 

3 

0 
0 

46 

0 
46 

6 

3 968 

162   
0 

162 
4 129 

13 

0 
13 

255 

32 
77 
4 
49 

372 
55 
10 
17 
304 

4 

0   
135 

59   
168 
3   
1 628 
19 
1 
411 

3 603 

188 

296 
6 

302 
3 905 

0 
188 

4 

41 
1 
0 
17 
70 

2 
2 

14 

0 

23 

1 
3 
0 
8 

0 
0 

454 

32 
81 
4 
91 
1 
0 
389 
125 
10 
20 
307 

18 
1 

30 

2 897 
132 

66 

14 
33 
1 582 
2 587 
3 
1 629 
21 
1 
556 
11 085 
509 
7 
516 
11 601 

0 

0 

4 
3   

3 
3 

0 

0 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

220 
220 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Table 4A  General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Commitments 

Commitments 

Heading / Policy Area 

ENI 

DCI_GEO 

DCI_ 
THEMA 

DCI_ 
OTHER 

EIDHR 

ICSP 

INSC 

CFSP 

IPA2 

HUMA 

OTH 

ADMIN 

01 - ECFIN 
04 - EMPL 
05 - AGRI 
07 - ENV 
13 - REGIO 
19 - FPI 
20 - TRADE 
21 - INTPA 
22 - NEAR 
23 - ECHO 
34 - CLIMA 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4+5  Commission's 

administration* 

ODA 

Regular 
Contribution 

ODA 
All 
4 
4+5  All 

Non-ODA 

1 915 

1 251 

2 811 

23 

142 

321 

78 

31 

355 

159 

57 

1 512 

2 078 

345 

21 

4 

33 

5 

53 

84 

2 863 

1 915 

1 253 

88 

176 

409 

33 

356 

1 774 

2 087 

546 

325 

Non-ODA 
Regular Contribution TOTAL 

4 
2 867 

ODA 

Cofinancing 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4+5 

19 - FPI 
21 - INTPA 
22 - NEAR 
23 - ECHO 
Commission's 
administration* 

ODA 
4 
All 
4+5  All 

Non-ODA 

Non-ODA 
Cofinancing TOTAL 

5 

0 
5 

4 
0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 
1 915 

2 
1 255 

20 

20 

20 

8 

0 
8 

2 
0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 
88 

1 

0 
1 

4 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
176 

4 
413 

0 

0 
0 

23 
0 

33 

23 
379 

0 
1 774 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

6 

0 
6 

0 
0 

2 

4 

0 
0 

243 
5 

248 
794 

6 

6 
331 

2 087 

1 

1 

0   

7 

3 

10 

10 

2 

0 
3 

345 

21 

159 

4 

57 

732 

5 

3 470 

4 322 

2 162 

11 826 
275 
11 
287 
12 113 
1 

28 

7 

9 

10 
54 
0 
0 
0 
54 

*Administration’s expenditures under Heading 4 are included in instrument columns whereas administration’s expenditure under Heading 5 are included in the Admin Instrument column. 

2 873 

1 935 

1 263 

90 

176 

413 

33 

379 

1 780 

2 097 

797 

331 

12 167 

221 
221 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

N 

Y 

Y 

N 

Y 

Table 4B  General EU budget for External Assistance in 2020 by Policy Area - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Heading / Policy Area 

ENI 

DCI_GEO 

DCI_ 
THEMA 

DCI_ 
OTHER 

EIDHR 

ICSP 

INSC 

CFSP 

IPA2 

HUMA 

OTH 

ADMIN 

1 674 

1 199 

9 

128 

10 

304   

65 

01 - ECFIN 
04 - EMPL 
05 - AGRI 
07 - ENV 
13 - REGIO 
19 - FPI 
20 - TRADE 
21 - INTPA 
22 - NEAR 
23 - ECHO 
34 - CLIMA 
Commission's 
administration* 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4+5 

ODA 

ODA 

Regular 
Contribution 

1   

2 561   

53   

2 

89 

10 

2 615 

1 674 

1 201 

98 

148 

379 

Non-ODA 

4  All 
4+5  All 
Non-ODA 
Regular Contribution TOTAL 

26 
1   

27 
2 641 

0 

10   
0 

0 
1 674 

10 
1 211 

0 

0 
99 

4 
0 

4 
152 

3 
382 

Cofinancing 

ODA 

19 - FPI 
21 - INTPA 
22 - NEAR 
23 - ECHO 
Commission's 
administration* 

4 
4 
4 
4 

4+5 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

4  All 
4+5  All 
Non-ODA 
Cofinancing TOTAL 

7   

0   

0   

7 

0 
7 

48 

48 

48 

12   

0 

0   
0 

12 

0 
12 

0   

0   

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

14   

1 

0 
0 

15 

0 
15 

9 

3 
0 

0  

11   
77   

48   

372   

1 579   

1 628 

0 

45 

373 

1 761 

1 637 

17 
0 

3 
0 

8 

1 
0 

454   
20   

4   

73   
4   
35   
0   
22   
1   
4 

323 

617 

323 

171   
3 

6 

6 
329 

17 
390 

3 
1 763 

1 
1 638 

174 
791 

163   

4 

0 

166 

0 
166 

278 
3   

281 

0 
281 

0   

2 

0 
2 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

1   

0   

0   

454 
32 
77 
4 
49 
759 
4 
3 124 
4 140 
1 650 
1 
545 

10 839 
235 
11 
246 
11 085 
1 
59 
170 
278 
7 

516 
0 
0 
0 
516 

*Administration’s expenditures under Heading 4 are included in instrument columns whereas administration’s expenditure under Heading 5 are included in the Admin Instrument column. 

2 649 

1 722 

1 223 

99 

152 

382 

15 

390 

1 930 

1 918 

793 

329 

11 601 

222 
222 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C  D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

Y 

N 

Table 5  European Development Fund (EDF) in 2020 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Agreement 

Type of contribution 

Instruments 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Agreement 

Type of contribution 

Instruments 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Regular  Contribution 

A Envelope 

B Envelope 

Implementation costs 

Intra-ACP allocations 

Regional allocations 

2 034 

221 

243 

451 

766 

28 

3 

129 

Regular Contribution Total 

3 715 

159 

Cotonou 

Cofinancing 

Cofinancing Total 

A Envelope 

Implementation costs 

Intra-ACP allocations 

Regional allocations 

Cotonou Total 

10 

5 

1 

2 

0 

2 061 

224 

243 

580 

766 

3 874 

10 

5 

1 

2 

Regular 
Contribution 

A Envelope 

B Envelope 

Implementation costs 

Intra-ACP allocations 

Regional allocations 

2 480 

41 

2 521 

113 

27 

453 

1 261 

1 

0 

101 

181 

Regular Contribution Total 

4 334 

324 

Cotonou 

Cofinancing 

A Envelope 

Implementation costs 

Intra-ACP allocations 

Regional allocations 

13 

1 

5 

2 

21 

114 

27 

554 

1 441 

4 658 

13 

1 

5 

2 

21 

18 

3 733 

0 

159 

18 

3 892 

Cofinancing Total 

Cotonou Total 

4 354 

324 

4 679 

Total EDF 

3 733 

159 

3 892 

Total EDF 

4 354 

324 

4 679 

223 
223 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 6A  Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2020 - Commitments 

Commitments 

Sector of Destination 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Education, level unspecified 

Basic education 

Secondary education 

Post-secondary education 

Health 

Health, general 

Basic health 

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Government and civil society, general 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy policy 

Energy generation, renewable sources 

1 497 

288 

1 351 

176 

115   
20   
28   
13   

87   
153   

9   

69   

485   
109   

263   

157   

24   

49   
150   

241 

9 

69 

593 

263 

626 

157 

24 

277 

232 

21 

49 

674 

233 

617 

68 

36 

353 

122   
115   
33   
17   

73   
138   
21   

21   

49   

613   
61   

233   

68   

36   

250   
60   

224 
224 

1 941 

264 

332 

112 

1 097   

137 

519 

182 

15 

97 

196   
22   
23   
22   

137   
195   

112   

1 041   
56   

137   

182   

15   

23   
54   

1 006 

305 

20 

0 

662 

18 

13 

8 

5 

170   
0   

135   

4   
16   

0   

127   
536   

18   

8   

5   
0   

Total 

5 795 
1 032   

824 

30 

231 

3 027   

651 

1 775 

416 

74 

732 

603 

157 

85 

187 

301 

502 

21 

30 

231 

2 266 

761 

651 

416 

74 

327 

264 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 

Hybrid energy plants 

Nuclear energy plants 

Heating, cooling and energy distribution 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 

Forestry 

Fishing 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 

Mineral resources and mining 

Construction 

Trade and tourism 

Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Tourism 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

3   

17 

58 

166 

56   
3   
13   

198   

60   

119   

288   

361 

58 

166 

329 

72 

198 

60 

407 

119 

288 

361 

361 

582 

465 

78 

56   

112   

314   
19   
3   

106   

127   
2 

49   

219   

422 

16 

92 

56 

112 

571 

336 

106 

129 

267 

49 

219 

438 

422 

16 

92 

92 

179 

138 

0 

161 

160 

1 

414 

21 

393 

0 

0 

0 

160   

1 

21   

393   

0   

3 

31 
106 

229 

324 

917 

42 

18 

514 

1 

207 

8 

229 

324 

1 706 

976 

516 

214 

1 463 

422 

1 040   

903 

883 

20 

92 

92 

422 

1 040 

883 

20 

92 

2 167 
2 116   

2 964 
2 747   

138   

465   

2 116   

2 747 

115 

46 

645 

408 

212 

24 

374 

234 

140 

104 

100 

4 

36 

27 

31 
12 

115   

46   

387   
21   
1   

211   
1   

19   
6   

234   

140   

100   

4   

27   

225 
225 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

Graphs Table 6A 

8 

1 

232 

131 

101 

8 

1 

131 

101 

9 

31 

208 

208 

9 

31 

208 

117 

19 

7 

12 

117 

7 

12 

51 

456 

425 

31 

51 

425 

31 

134 

83 

915 

771 

145 

134 

83 

771 

145 

3 504 

3 733 

4 159 

4 216 

15 613 

Commitments 

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Other DGs

DG NEAR*

DG INTPA** EDF

DG INTPA** Budget

Action relating to
debt

Budget support,
food aid, food
security

Economic
infrastructures and
services

Humanitarian aid

Multisector/
Crosscutting

Other/ Unallocated

Production

Social infrastructures

226 
226 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 6B  Sectoral breakdown of ODA managed by the European Commission in 2020 - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Sector of Destination 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 

Education, level unspecified 

Post-secondary education 

Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 

Health, general 

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 

Government and civil society, general 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 

Energy generation, renewable sources 

2 348 

265 

389 

12 

131 

1 049 

502 

466 

190 

28 

194 

158   
67   
12   
28   

286   
94   
8   

12   

131   

101   
948   

502   

190   

28   

2   
48   

2 385 

370 

1 059 

336 

37   
276   
10   
47   

206   
113   
2   

12   

117   

111   
1 060   

395   

108   

20   

8   
21   

320 

12 

117 

1 171   

395 

489 

108 

20 

153 

8   
171   
149   
9   

18   
3   

0   

7   

467   
203   

25   

0   

1   

1   

21 

0 

7 

670 

25 

11 

0 

1 

8 

1 754 

350 

189 

18 

81 

862 

253 

418 

19 

14 

151 

24   
197   
4   
125   

156   
31   
2   

18   

81   

152   
711   

253   

19   

14   

1   
61   

227 
227 

Total 

7 545 
1 321   

919 

42 

336 

227 

711 

174 

209 

666 

241 

12 

42 

336 

3 752   

1 175   

831 

2 921 

1 175 

1 384 

317 

62 

507 

317 

62 

12 

131 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Energy policy 

Heating, cooling and energy distribution 

Hybrid energy plants 

Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 

Fishing 

Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Construction 

Industry 

Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 

Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 
Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

68 

7 

15 

208 

27 

229 

16 

31 

53 

2 

4 

54 

167 

157 

103 

89 

208 

27 

388 
276 

56 

57 

324 

167 

157 

192 

103 

89 

46 

35 

36 

102 

6 

16 

37 

347 

15 

15 

37 

5 

1 

45 

114 

121 

664 

52 

16 

37 

465 
377 

42 

46 

235 

114 

121 

717 

664 

52 

102 

64 

90 

34 

0 

112 

96 

48 

2 

6 

0 

53 

1 

2 

45 

38 

255 

305 

0 

112 

96 

157 

56 

54 

47 

292 

38 

255 

305 

305 

0 

485 

474 

7 

0 

0 

1 

77 

0 

0 

0 

3 

2 

34 

312 

15 

2 

0 

1 

83 
78 

3 

2 

346 

34 

312 

17 

15 

2 

1 935 

1 852 

201 

143 

6 

15 

336 

162 

701 

32 

52 

0 

143 

11 

7 

146 

353 

845 

1 087 

143 

336 

162 

1 093 

786 

155 

153 

1 198 

353 

845 

1 231 

1 087 

143 

2 568 

2 425 

35 

64 

474 

1 852 

2 425 

228 
228 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

Graphs Table 6B 

5 

6 

198 

129 

69 

5   

6   

129   

69   

4 

34 

22 

18 

4 

4   

34   

18   

4   

3 

9 

16 

7 

9 

3   

9   

7   

9   

5 

78 

454 

421 

33 

5   

78   

421   

33   

16 

127   

690 
575   

116   

16 

127 

575 

116 

3 321 

4 354 

4 129 

3 905 

15 709 

Disbursements 

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Other DGs

DG NEAR*

DG INTPA** EDF

DG INTPA** Budget

Action relating to
debt

Budget support,
food aid, food
security

Economic
infrastructures and
services

Humanitarian aid

Multisector/
Crosscutting

Other/ Unallocated

Production

Social infrastructures

229 
229 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 7A  Country breakdown of European Commission development aid in 2020 - Commitments 

Commitments 

Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

3 504 

3 461 
7 

3 733 

3 632 
1 

4 159 

4 068 
2 040 

4 216 

4 213 
1 023 

Total 

15 613 

15 374 
3 071 

2 040 

1 023 

3 071 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development Assistance) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 

Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo 
Moldova 
Montenegro 

North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 

Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 

UMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

LMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 

1 

0 

0 

1 

220 
25 
136 
891 

92 
52 
23 
112 

171 

144 
175 

38 
8 
0 
69 

84 
7 
8 
21 

66 
15 
630 
77 

2 799 

760 

884 

4 748 

382   
382 

2 417   
25 

760 
40   
110   
20 
223   
4 
362 

42 

42 
50 

24 

23 
3 

791 

258 
32 
136 
963 

175 
59 
31 
133 

237 
15 
775 
257 

559 

559 
810 

40 
110 
44 
223 

27 
366 
3 380 

25 

7 

2 

306 

5 

134 

134 

172 

230 
230 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Benin 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 

Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 

Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 

Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 

Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Mozambique 
Niger 

Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 

South Africa 
Southern Africa, regional 
South of Sahara, regional 

LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 

LMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 

7   
77   
20   
13   
97   
12   
7   
2   
88   
37   
70   
9   
180   
1   
15   
95   
37   
2   
15   
110   
20   
3   
29   
102   
81   
15   
8   
333   
84   
15   
39   
7   
121   
18   
12   

211   

1 
4 

19   

148 

231 
231 

26 

2 
21 

3 

285 

2 

0 

3 

20 

5 
54 

2 
3 

67 

18 
168 

7 
103 
20 
15 
118 

12 
7 
2 
91 
37 
355 

9 
181 
1 
15 
95 
37 

2 
18 
110 
20 
3 
29 

102 
101 
16 
12 
338 
139 

17 
42 
7 
121 
18 
79 

19 
18 
528 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

South Sudan 
St. Helena 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 

Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

America 

America 

America, regional 

America (North & Central America) 

Belize 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 
Cuba 

Dominica 
El Salvador 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 

Jamaica 
Mexico 
Nicaragua 
North & Central America, regional 
St. Lucia 

America (South America) 

Bolivia 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 

South America, regional 
Venezuela 

LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
OTHER_LICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 

LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 
UMICS 

6 
1 
170 
130 
17 

3 
16 
25 
32 

190 

0 
20 

0 

1 

163 

6 
3 

3 

423 

193 

115   
115 
104 

11 
2   

33   

15   

21   
5   

13   
4   

204 
54   
20   
3   

42 
25 

61 

232 
232 

14 

2 
5 

2 
90 

1 

131 

747 

115 

115 
10 

2 

4 

4 

6 

2 
4 

1 

21 
1 
172 
135 
17 

5 
106 
25 
33 

230 

230 
304 

0 
20 
11 
2 

0 
33 
1 
15 
163 
23 

5 
4 
17 
4 
6 
213 

56 
24 
3 
3 
42 
25 

61 
1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asia 

Asia 

Asia, regional 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 

Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Laos 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 

Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 

Middle East, regional 
Syria 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 

Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 

India 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South Asia, regional 

South & Central Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 407 

2 

940 

817 

3 166 

UNALLOC 

LDCS 

UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 

LMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 

LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 
LMICS 

2 

2 

771 

84 
102 

350 

235 

169 

67   
14   

88 

197 

197 
8 

8 

562 

85 
0 
4 

16 
305 
27 
125 
51 

19 

3 

4 
22 

0 
1 

3 

0 

422 

422 
275 

10 

33 
3 
5 
49 
14 
2 

160 
1 580 

5 
253 
84 
106 

25 
655 
263 
188 
890 

227 

69 
14 
48 
2 
51 
110 

0 
34 
25 
20 
60 
55 

4 
17 

225   
225 
266 
10   
25   
3   
5   
49   
14   

160 
246 

5 
169 

9 

63 
671 

209 

2 

45 
2 
47 

33 
25 
20 
60 
53 

4 
17 

233 
233 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Tajikistan 
Uzbekistan 

Oceania 

Oceania 
Fiji 

Micronesia, regional 
Oceania, regional 
Papua New Guinea 
Solomon Islands 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 

LMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 

UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

UNALLOC 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and 
other private bodies / PPPs 

Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNRWA 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Global Alliance for Vaccines and 
Immunization 
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and 
Malaria 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Cyprus 
Greenland 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

112 
42 

4 

103 

107 

103 
20 

26 
38 
8 
11 
1 

534 
534 

100 

100 

30 

30 

4 

4 

1 314 

534 

1 314 
1 314 

43 
0 

100 

0 
0 

43 

100 

43 

30 

13 

36 

36 
33   
33   

234 
234 

329 

1 358 

3 535 

329 
329 

1 358 
1 358 

5 

5 

234 
90 

143 

5 

5 

87 
87 

5 

5 

87 

87 

4 

4 
2 
2 
2 

4 
4 

4 

1 
3 

222 

217 
35 
35 
35 

112 
42 

107 
20 
4 
26 
38 
8 
11 
1 

3 535 
3 535 

5 

5 

90 
0 
1 
3 
87 

143 

130 

13 

293 

287 
70 
70 
37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Barbados 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And Miquelon 

Sint Maarten 

America (South America) 

Falkland Islands 

Asia 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 

Oceania 

Oceania 

French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 

Other 

Other 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCT Unallocated 

MADCTS 

Multilateral (inflows) 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Sub Total PI+PII 

Sub Total PI+PII 

ODA Countries Other Flows 

ODA Countries Other Flows 
NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

29   
28   
4 

17 
1 

7 
0   
0   

2   
2   
1   
1 

2   
2   
2   

0 
0 

0 

3 763 
3 763 
129 
129 

4 163 
4 163 
2 
2 

29 
28 
4 

17 
1 

7 
0 
0 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
1 

1 
185 
185 

185 
6 
6 
6 
6 

15 906 
15 906 
153 
153 

182 
182 

182 
6 
6 
6 
6 

4 439 
4 439 
22 
22 

3   
3   
3   

3 541 
3 541 
0 
0 

TOTAL COMMITTED AMOUNT 

3 541 

3 892 

4 165 

4 461 

16 059 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

235 
235 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 7B  Country breakdown of European Commission development aid in 2020 - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Country / Region 

Income Group 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development Assistance) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 

Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo 
Moldova 
Montenegro 

North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 

Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 

UMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

LMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 

Total 

15 709 

15 484 
3 022 

3 321 

3 284 
35 

4 354 

4 254 
1 

4 129 

4 043 
2 106 

3 905 

3 903 
879 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 106 

86 
26 

125 
361 
87 
56 
41 
69 

189 

914 
151 

879 

9 
0 

12 
106 
83 
12 
9 
17 

34 
5 
525 
68 

3 713 

1 062 

917 

6 504 

639 

639 

3 074   
24 

0 

0 
1 061 

68 
104 
18 
450 

133 
288 

17 

17 
50 

7 
5 
33 
0 

0 
4 

850 

3 022 

95 
27 

136 
498 
171 
68 
50 
87 

223 
5 
1 440 
222 

914 

914 
1 112 

75 
109 
51 
450 

134 
292 
4 478 

28 

812 

35 

1 

31   

0 
3 

258 

258 
1 

0 

0 

554 

4 

236 
236 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Benin 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cabo Verde 

Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 

Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 

Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 

Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 

Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Middle Africa, regional 
Mozambique 
Namibia 
Niger 

Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 

LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

UMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 

LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 

LMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

120   
5   
138   
43   
21   
33   
85   
104   
1   
13   
96   
26   
81   

1   
9   
86   
4   
53   
105   
26   
12   
65   
88   
14   
32   
48   
68   
59   
53   
7   
2   
127   
16   
110   
98   
56   
6   

3 
0 
11 
5 
3 

10 
3 
7 
0 
2 
16 

1 
6 
0   
2 
2 
5 

1 
2 
7 
5 
2 
7 

9 
0 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5 
1 

7 
1 
3 

6 
5 
1 

237 
237 

59 
1 

47 
45 
35 
0 
0 
65 

1 
1 

1 
49 

0 

0 
0 

2 

15 
2 

4 
2 
70 

12 
1 

13 

85 

48 
2 

123 
5 
208 
50 
24 

90 
133 
146 
2 
15 
177 

28 
88 
0 
3 
12 
140 

5 
55 
112 
32 
14 
74 

112 
17 
37 
57 
76 
133 

71 
9 
2 
147 
17 
199 

151 
64 
7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Southern Africa, regional 

South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
St. Helena 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 

Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

America 

America 

America, regional 

America (North & Central America) 

Antigua And Barbuda 
Belize 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 

Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Grenada 

Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Montserrat 

LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 

UNALLOC 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LDCS 
OTHER_LICS 

UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
UNALLOC 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

LMICS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

Nicaragua 
North & Central America, regional 
Panama 

LMICS 
UNALLOC 
UMICS 

143 
89 
58 

1 

459 
40 
9 
3 
72 
34 

92 
9 
47 
79 

188 

3 
4 
42 

3 
2 
20 

1 

81 

24 

5 

3 

4 
5 
2 
45   
0 

277 
5 

13 
6 
5 

12 
5 
3 
9 

445 

201 

49   
49 
189 

1 
3 
3   
2   
17 
0 
3 
12   

22   
4 
52   
1 
6   

39   
20 
2 

238 
238 

156 

4 
85 
2 

13 
58 

77 
10 

27 
0 
2 
15 

1 

1 
43 

1 

2 
3 

1 
1 

6 
13 
1 

6 

4 

4 

802 

147 
98 
146 
47 
1 

748 
103 
9 
92 
87 
39 

132 
14 
52 
102 

50 

50 
421 

3 
5 
46 
3 

4 
22 
2 
24 
14 
1 

28 
99 
53 
25 
12 
5 

43 
27 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 
America (South America) 

Argentina 
Bolivia 

Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 

South America, regional 
Suriname 
Venezuela 

Asia 

Asia 

Asia, regional 

Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 
China 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 

Laos 
Malaysia 
Mongolia 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 

Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 

Middle East, regional 
Syria 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

UMICS 
UMICS 

UMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 
UMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 

LDCS 
UMICS 
OTHER_LICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 

LMICS 

UMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 

UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
LDCS 

19 

0 
0 
13 

10 

3 

19 

19 

1 435 

0 
0 
207 
3   
34   
7   
60   
28   
0 
24   
18   
25   
2 
6 

41   
41 
273 
78   
10   
3   
23   
16   
30   
1   
30   
16   
11   
4 

52 
174 

9 
92 
0 

3 
0 

70 

239 
239 

3 046 

0 
1 
331 

4 
39 

12 
97 
30 
10 
24 
22 

39 
5 
49 

88 

88 
316 

78 
18 
3 
27 
19 

30 
1 
30 
23 
11 
23 

54 
1 193 

28 
239 
96 
118 

27 
269 
240 
177 

112 

2 
5 

5 
37 
2 
0 

4 

14 

43 

46 

46 
24 

0 
7 

4 
2 

0 

8 
0 
0 

2 
584 

20 
147 
22 
85 

23 
157 
23 
106 

720 

872 

0 

0 

434 

74 
32 

0 
111 

216 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 

Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 

Maldives 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 

Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 

Oceania 

Oceania 
Fiji 

Kiribati 
Marshall Islands 
Micronesia, Fed. States 
Nauru 
Oceania, regional 
Papua New Guinea 

Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 

LDCS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LDCS 

LDCS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
LMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

LMICS 
UMICS 
LMICS 

UMICS 

LDCS 
UMICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 
LMICS 

UMICS 
LDCS 
UMICS 
LDCS 
LDCS 
UMICS 

947 
297   
1   
0   
215   
21   
29   
0   
9   
1   
45   
0   
138   
27   
82   
7 
15 

10 
2 
46 

6 

1 

3 
1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

103 

14 

6 
0 
1 
0 
38 
11 

0 
8 
2 
0 
13 
10 

103 

286 

97 
23   

0 

165 

217 

54 
1 

37 

4 
42 
6 

2 

3 
18 
2 
36 
3 
8 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 450 

351 
99 
23 
252 

21 
32 
207 
14 
1 
47 

3 
157 
30 
118 
10 
23 

13 
2 
46 

109 

15 

6 
0 
1 
0 
40 
12 

0 
8 
2 
0 
13 
10 

109 

Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

UNALLOC 

551 

217 

155 

1 079 

2 001 

217 

217 

155 

155 

1 079 

1 079 

2 001 

2 001 

551 

551 

240 
240 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and 
other private bodies / PPPs 

Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
OHCHR 

UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNRWA 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Global Alliance for Vaccines and 
Immunization 

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and 
Malaria 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Croatia 
Cyprus 
Greenland 
Russia 

Africa 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Seychelles 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Anguilla 
Aruba 

Bahamas 
Barbados 
Curaçao 
Netherlands Antilles 

CEECS/NIS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
CEECS/NIS 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

0 

0 

1 
1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

122 

116 
55 

55 

41 

14 

1 

87 

87 

10 

10 
7 

7 
0 

0 

6 

5 

5 

32 
4 

5 

5 

4 

0 

4 

100 

87 
87 

28 

100 

28 

15   

13 

41 

41 
33   
33   

33 
0 
1 

1 
1 
3 
0 

0 

241 
241 

100 

100 

56 

55 

2   
2   
2   
26   
26   
3 

2 
0 
7 

1 
2 

5 

5 

220 
92 

128 

5 

5 

92 

0 
4 
0 

1 
87 

128 

115 

13 

229 

222 
95 

95 
0 

42 
33 
20 
2 

2 
2 
30 
26 
3 

2 
0 
8 

1 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
St. Kitts-Nevis 
Trinidad And Tobago 
Turks & Caicos Islands 

America (South America) 

Chile 
Uruguay 

Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 
Hong Kong, China 

Korea 
Singapore 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 
Saudi Arabia 
United Arab Emirates 

Oceania 

Oceania 

Cook Islands 
French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

Other 

Other 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 
MADCTS 

MADCT Unallocated 

MADCTS 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and 
other private bodies / PPPs 

Multilateral (inflows) 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

0 
0 
4 
2 
5 

27   
27   
2 

15 
9 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1   

1   

1   

1 

0 

3   
2   
1 

4 
4 
4 

1   
1   

242 
242 

0 
0 
4 
2 
5 
4 
3 

1 
9 
4 
0 

4 
0 
5 
4 

0 
1 
27 
27 
2 

15 
9 
1 
59 
59 
59 

1 

1 

1 

1 
6 
6 
6 

6 
18 
18 

1 

1 

5 
4 
0 

4 
0 
1 
0 

0 
1 

54 
54 
54 

6 
6 
6 

6 
15 
15 

3 

3 

3 

0 
0 
0 

2 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Sub Total PI+PII 

Sub Total PI+PII 

ODA Countries Other Flows 

ODA Countries Other Flows 
NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

3 363 
3 363 
4 
4 

4 410 
4 410 
269 
269 
0   
0   

4 142 
4 142 
0 
0 

4 041 
4 041 
51 
51 

15 956 
15 956 
324 
324 
0 

0 

TOTAL DISBURSED AMOUNT 

3 367 

4 679 

4 142 

4 092 

16 280 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

243 
243 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C  D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 8  Distribution of ODA by OECD Sector and Country Grouping in 2020 

Commitments 

Income Group 

ODA per Capita 
(Euro / Capita) 

Action relating  to 
debt 

Budget support, 
food aid, food 
security 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Humanitarian  aid 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Production 

Social 
infrastructures 

Least Developed Countries 

Other Low Income Countries 

Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories 

Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories 

LDC + OLIC + LMIC +UMIC 

2.66 

0.82 

1.21 

2.14 

431 

432 

40 

439 

242 

64 

145 

13 

778 

761 

111 

8 

213 

175 

262 

3 

271 

285 

1 364 

10 

1 433 

921 

2 752 

33 

3 381 

2 245 

12 

903 

745 

1 697 

506 

12 

821 

3 727 

8 411 

Other 

Other 

N/A 

92 

0 

1 030 

1 267 

956 

903 

886 

2 068 

7 201 

92 

92 

0 

1 030 

1 267 

956 

903 

1 775 

2 964 

1 463 

903 

915 

886 

2 068 

7 201 

1 706 

5 795 

15 613 

Disbursements 

Income Group 

Least Developed Countries 

Other Low Income Countries 

Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories 

Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories 

LDC + OLIC + LMIC +UMIC 

Other 

Other 

ODA per Capita 
(Euro / Capita) 

Action relating  to 
debt 

Budget support, 
food aid, food 
security 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Humanitarian  aid 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Production 

Social 
infrastructures 

3.95 

2.6 

1.25 

2.96 

N/A 

691 

18 

418 

35 

307 

1 

310 

190 

777 

25 

582 

1 086 

219 
5   
197 

239 

2 

2 

10 

357 

10 

279 

197 

1 730 

47 

1 691 

1 350 

4 084 

105 

3 480 

3 108 

1 163 

809 

2 470 

659 

15 

843 

4 818 

10 776 

68 

575 

99 

538 

675 

251 

2 727 

4 933 

68 

575 

99 

538 

1 231 

1 384 

2 568 

1 198 

675 

690 

251 

2 727 

4 933 

1 093 

7 545 

15 709 

244 
244 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Developing countries, unspecified 

Commitments 

Europe 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Oceania 

Disbursements 

Europe 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Oceania 

Developing countries, unspecified 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Region 

ODA per Capita 
(Euro / Capita) 

Action relating  to 
debt 

Budget support, 
food aid, food 
security 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Humanitarian  aid 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Production 

Social 
infrastructures 

19,36 

3,68 

1,21 

1,16 

8,79 

92 

40 

672 

41 

150 

0 

404 

756 

71 

273 
4   
267 

684 

779 

116 

1 168 

217 

376 

202 
117   
169 
4   
595 

2 

8 

13 

892 

425 

424 

124 

234 

27 

473 

1 140 

1 916 

278 

1 246 

72 

1 143 

3 071 

4 849 

747 

3 253 

107 

3 586 

92 

903 

1 775 

2 964 

1 463 

915 

1 706 

5 795 

15 613 

Region 

ODA per Capita 
(Euro / Capita) 

Action relating  to 
debt 

Budget support, 
food aid, food 
security 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Humanitarian  aid 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Production 

Social 
infrastructures 

19,05 

4,94 

1,29 

1,11 

8,99 

43 

879 

51 

215 

3 

41 

290 

790 

57 

137 

15 

95 

798 

743 

129 

818 

0 

80 

265 

284 

113 

193 
16   
327 

7 

8 

3 

13 

660 

150 

561 

106 

191 

25 

60 

1 469 

3 243 

343 

1 566 

51 

875 

3 022 

6 506 

802 

3 133 

109 

2 138 

1 231 

1 384 

2 568 

1 198 

690 

1 093 

7 545 

15 709 

245 
245 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 8 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Least Developed Countries

Other Low Income
Countries

Lower Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Upper Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Action relating to debt
Economic infrastructures and services
Multisector/ Crosscutting
Production

Budget support, food aid, food security
Humanitarian aid
Other/ Unallocated
Social infrastructures

Commitments 

Europe

Africa

America

Asia

Oceania

Developing
countries,
unspecified

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Least Developed Countries

Other Low Income
Countries

Lower Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Upper Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Action relating to debt
Economic infrastructures and services
Multisector/ Crosscutting
Production

Budget support, food aid, food security
Humanitarian aid
Other/ Unallocated
Social infrastructures

Disbursements 

Europe

Africa

America

Asia

Oceania

Developing
countries,
unspecified

Action relating to debt
Economic infrastructures and services
Multisector/ Crosscutting
Production

Budget support, food aid, food security
Humanitarian aid
Other/ Unallocated
Social infrastructures

Action relating to debt
Economic infrastructures and services
Multisector/ Crosscutting
Production

Budget support, food aid, food security
Humanitarian aid
Other/ Unallocated
Social infrastructures

246 
246 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 9A  ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2020 - Commitments 

Commitments 

Country 

ODA per Capita 
(Euro / Capita) 

Action relating  to 
debt 

Budget support, 
food aid, food 
security 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Humanitarian  aid  Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Other/ 
Unallocated 

Production 

Social 
infrastructures 

Least Developed 
Countries 

Afghanistan 
Angola 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Haiti 
Laos 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Niger 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 

5,97 
0,79 
0,30 
0,56 
1,97 
5,07 
1,73 
0,61 
24,91 
0,75 
8,23 
1,05 
37,99 
1,61 
6,19 
2,88 
0,80 
14,49 
0,63 
9,43 
0,55 
1,09 
5,46 
5,15 
3,58 
11,14 
0,46 
0,70 
5,95 
3,32 
31,97 
7,40 
2,32 
11,94 
5,11 

4   
7 

9 

29 

9 

10 

46 

4   
4   

13 

17   
3 

0 

2   

64   
2   
46 

2   
5   

173 

1 

9 
7 

5 

100 
20 

49   

45   
1   

0 
8   

37 

3   
21 

36 

112 

247 
247 

2 

18 

9 

4 

32 
50 

1 

9 

5 

18 
35 
6 

3 

106 
0 
41 
7 
2 
54 
2 
10 
47 
11 
1 
63 
5 
67 
6 
34 
2 
15 
5 
14 

3 
98 
97 
16 
153 
25 
20 
83 
7 
1 

8 
8 
74 

227 
25 
48 
7 
2 
103 
20 
10 
118 
12 
7 
91 
37 
181 
15 
37 
2 
163 
5 
20 
3 
29 
102 
101 
16 
338 
25 
20 
139 
42 
7 
121 
18 
8 
79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

South Sudan 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Uganda 
Vanuatu 
Yemen 
Zambia 

Other Low Income 
Countries 

Zimbabwe 

Lower Middle 
Income Countries 
and Territories 

Armenia 
Bolivia 
Cameroon 
Congo 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Eswatini 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Ivory Coast 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Kosovo 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Moldova 
Morocco 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Papua New Guinea 
Philippines 
Sri Lanka 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tunisia 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Viet Nam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 

1,86 
4,01 
2,33 
1,52 
2,16 
0,10 
36,67 
6,46 
1,42 

2,26 

23,21 
4,86 
0,56 
0,28 
1,10 
5,11 
7,46 
27,46 
3,13 
0,85 
2,39 
0,00 
0,01 
0,69 
8,32 
2,10 
93,48 
5,28 
14,56 
6,11 
2,61 
0,09 
0,28 
4,28 
0,46 
0,80 
38,39 
12,04 
31,28 
5,83 
1,28 
1,66 
70,11 

77 

15 

12 

119 

431 

439 

145 

111 

13 

13 

8 

30 

5   
20 
15 

71 
4   

200   

2   

3 

1 

2 

0 

0 
23 
20   
15   
3   
15   
3   

15 

142   

607   

32 

110 

5   

8   

3   
5 

41 

4 

3 

3 
36 

23 

3 

13 

10 
4 

23 
31 
0 

11 

16 
172 
12 
2 
2 
5 
6 
51 
12 

21 
172 
135 
2 
17 
5 
11 
188 
25 

1 364 

2 752 

10 

33 

10 

33 

31 
35 
3 

52 
33 
2 
106 
6 
8 
17 

3 
5 
64 
15 
118 
19 
36 
149 
4 
2 
10 
38 
19 
3 
48 
112 
143 
138 
2 
18 
195 

69 
56 
15 
2 
110 
33 
9 
110 
95 
15 
23 
0 
3 
18 
84 
110 
175 
34 
59 
223 
17 
17 
60 
38 
49 
17 
655 
112 
366 
257 
42 
160 
349 

262 

3 

46 

5 
18 
1 

3 

3 
16 
10 
2 
17 

6 

7 
4 

8 

25 
0 

7 

35 

20 
10 

42 
40 

22 

432 

242 

778 

213 

12 

271 

1 433 

3 381 

248 
248 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Albania 
Algeria 
Azerbaïjan 
Belarus 
Belize 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Colombia 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Ecuador 
Fiji 
Gabon 
Grenada 
Guyana 
Iran 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Serbia 
South Africa 
St. Helena 
St. Lucia 
Thailand 
Turkey 
Venezuela 
Wallis & Futuna 

Upper Middle 
Income Countries 
and Territories 

Other 

89,53 
0,93 
1,39 
3,42 
0,99 
41,28 
0,47 
0,13 
2,50 
0,16 
22,47 
0,37 
4,58 
3,49 
0,06 
6,44 
1,66 
15,44 
6,53 
9,37 
0,03 
49,48 
63,74 
5,92 
0,77 
34,32 
0,32 
140,26 
33,74 
0,20 
9,29 
0,02 
50,91 

115 

43 

65 

3   
536 

23   

14 
7 

10 

2 

1 
5 
9 

2 

2 
1 
1 
73 
2 

7 

3 

4 

18 

5 

1 

26   
1   
1   

1 

40 

16 
13 

2 
20 

20 

20 

9 

2 

8 

45 
3 

1 
111 

101 
27 

22 
0 
107 
4 
2 
0 
0 

1 
1 
3 
0 
190 

24 
43 
8 
4 
17 
59 
40 
24 
92 
12 

6 
10 
122 
1 

258 
40 
14 
32 
0 
136 
24 
2 
0 
3 
20 
1 
1 
3 
5 
253 
5 
106 
44 
12 
4 
31 
133 
42 
25 
237 
19 
1 
6 
14 
775 
1 
1 

40 

0 

903 

92 

92 

92 

64 

761 

175 

285 

921 

2 245 

0 

1 030 

1 267 

956 

903 

886 

2 068 

7 201 

1 030 

1 775 

1 267 

2 964 

956 

1 463 

903 

915 

886 

2 068 

7 201 

1 706 

5 795 

15 613 

249 
249 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 9B  ODA Recipient Country by main OECD sector in 2020 - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Least Developed 
Countries 

Country 

Afghanistan 
Angola 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Guinea 

Guinea-Bissau 
Haiti 
Kiribati 
Laos 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Niger 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 

ODA per Capita 
(Euro / Capita) 

Budget support, 
food aid, food 
security 

Economic 
infrastructures 
and services 

Humanitarian aid 

Multisector/ 
Crosscutting 

Other/ Unallocated 

Production 

Social 
infrastructures 

9,23 
0,88 
1,54 
10,39 
27,67 
10,26 
4,29 
4,76 
27,98 
9,15 
2,14 
2,04 
28,30 
0,72 
1,24 
23,46 
2,47 

7,16 
8,80 
50,36 
4,18 
7,85 
7,43 
2,12 
4,06 
6,79 
15,72 
4,84 
2,90 
1,04 
8,53 
5,05 
34,03 

103 

10 
47 

66 
2 

31 
48 

3 

2 
38 
11 

41 
3 
0 
0 
15 

32 

0 
6   
1   
58 

3 
0 

9   

6 
11 
2 
0 
7 
0 
9 

1   
7 
6   
8 

0   
18 
0   
3 
0 
15   
17 
4 
1 
26 
23 

25 
14 
0 

250 
250 

48 
2 
41 

46 
1 
0 
21 
35 
0 
57 
1 

46 

0 

24 

0 
5   

8 
5 
36 
12 
23 
15 
2 
30 
1 

5   
0 
8 
0 
10   
6   
1 
2   
24   
13 
0   
29   
0   

15   
0 
1   

1 
4   

2   

1   
6   
2 
3 
9   
15 
4   
8 
1   
1 
0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

24 
2 
3 
34 
1 
11 
4 
12 

6 
0 
7 
0 
1 
19 
6 
0 

4 
3 

2 

3 
14 
15 
14 
2 
4 
10 
12 
19 
42 
0 

169 
23 
189 
33 
11 
73 
31 
62 
57 
37 
1 
73 
26 
1 
51 
5 
10 

9 
10 
3 
23 
11 
3 
13 
49 
47 
22 
81 
122 
7 
67 
5 
7 

351 
28 
252 
123 
21 
208 
50 
78 
133 
146 
2 
177 
28 
3 
140 
55 
32 

14 
99 
6 
30 
17 
37 
57 
76 
133 
71 
147 
157 
30 
199 
64 
7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
South Sudan 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Timor-Leste 
Togo 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Vanuatu 
Yemen 
Zambia 

Other Low Income 
Countries 

Democratic People's Rep. of Korea 
Zimbabwe 

Lower Middle 
Income Countries 
and Territories 

Armenia 
Bolivia 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Congo 
Egypt 
El Salvador 
Eswatini 
Georgia 
Ghana 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Ivory Coast 
Jordan 
Kenya 
Kosovo 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Micronesia, Fed. States 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Papua New Guinea 

9,05 
12,52 
12,30 
9,42 
9,29 
2,15 
1,51 
18,05 
4,85 
8,65 
2,97 
43,41 
6,05 
2,90 

0,11 
6,98 

33,63 
3,39 
44,19 
3,47 
2,85 
1,09 
2,11 
10,33 
51,90 
3,69 
1,61 
5,45 
0,01 
0,07 
2,88 
9,52 
2,14 
91,28 
7,34 
10,92 
16,75 
9,26 
12,35 
6,64 
0,75 
0,55 
1,37 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

122 
27 

0   
2   
1 

17 

3 

3 

3   
23 

17 

14 

7   

14 
0 
2 
11 

4 

48 
46 
73 
6 

31 
0 
100 
6 

8 

5 
4 
4   
0 
1   
3   
0   
7 
0   
14 
0 

0 

1 
0 

0 

0 

0 

2 
12 

3 
4 
1 
13 
3 

24 
12 
1 
9 

691 

307 

777 

219 

2 

357 

1 730 

18 

3 
16 

24 
2 
17 

0 

65 
87 

4   

17 

10 

107 
2 
3 

1 

25 

5 

1 

25 

5 

10 

1 
2 

46 
0 
6 
1   
3 

6 
3 
1 
2 
0 
21 
45 
0 

0 

0 
1 
41 
38 

7   
2 
2   
2   
3   
11 

0   
38   
1 
5   
5 
2 
1 
10   
0 
6 
1 
0 
1   
14   
1   
2   
1 
12 
28 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

6 
6 
3   
4 
2 
42 
0 
1 
9   
5   
0 

3 
4 
31 
28 
7 
18 
3   

6 
2   
12 
0 
17 
1 

251 
251 

10 

2 
4 
1 
30 
2 
6 
0 
4 
11 
6 
10 
15 
1 
2 
6 
6 
25 
8 
0 

2 
2 
31 
15 
5 
7 
2 

12 
32 
8 
72 
49 
11 
53 
19 
12 

52 
0 
56 
25 

0 
46 

4 084 

47 

105 

59 
23 
1 
7 
8 
45 
11 
4 
84 
13 
8 
26 
7 
9 
11 
42 
31 
144 
44 
0 
36 
25 
298 
24 
74 
44 
10 

147 
98 
8 
146 
103 
92 
87 
23 
39 
0 
132 
13 
177 
52 

3 
102 

99 
39 
24 
90 
15 
109 
14 
12 
207 
112 
28 
53 
14 
19 
74 
96 
113 
171 
47 
1 
68 
30 
450 
43 
151 
118 
12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Philippines 
Sri Lanka 
Syria 
Tajikistan 
Tunisia 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan 
Viet Nam 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 

Albania 
Algeria 
Antigua And Barbuda 
Argentina 
Azerbaïjan 
Belarus 
Belize 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Botswana 
Brazil 
China 
Colombia 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
Equatorial Guinea 

Upper Middle 
Income Countries 
and Territories 

Fiji 

Gabon 
Grenada 
Guyana 
Iran 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Kazakhstan 
Lebanon 
Libya 
Malaysia 
Maldives 
Marshall Islands 
Mauritius 
Mexico 
Montenegro 
Montserrat 
Namibia 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0,22 
1,08 
15,74 
1,39 
24,99 
5,04 
1,38 
0,56 
65,51 

32,94 
1,74 
26,09 
0,10 
2,29 
2,90 
12,66 
41,28 
2,09 
0,06 
0,01 
1,93 
0,81 
1,98 
30,42 
2,27 
1,72 
0,24 

17,31 

2,21 
4,79 
12,59 
0,34 
6,08 
8,40 
0,05 
17,16 
7,56 
0,02 
4,96 
5,93 
7,02 
0,10 
79,76 
980,00 
6,71 

6 
0   

2   
28   
25 
1 
39 
1 

7 

224 

27 
0 
1 
105 

0 

81 

0 

418 

310 

582 

197 

0 

2 
7 
2 
0 

0 

15 
2 
3 

31 
1 
3 

1 
3 

20 
114   

73 
9 

1 
1 
3 

2 

12 
2 

2 
1 
7 
3 
24 

1   
0 
0 
8 
2   
3 
1 

2   

0   

1   
2 
4 
0   
0   
3 
0 

0   
1 
0 
1 

0 

252 
252 

0   
7 
8 
0   
11 
4 
5   
5   
2 

7   
2 

0 
8 
3 
0 
3 
0 
2 
9 
30 
1   
2 

3 
1   

1   

1   

8   
0   

1   
0   

0 
1 
4 

2 

2 

0 
0 

1 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

2 

0 
0 

0 

0 

7 

0 
0 
0 

0 
2 
3 
5 
3 
20 
34 
3 
5 

10 
14 
34 
7 
168 
145 
6 
5 
214 

279 

1 691 

3 480 

7 
7 

4 
3 
0 
3 
0 
1 
2 
9 

3 
0 
0 
13 

10 

0 

5 
5 
0 
4 
0 

2 
1 
5 
5   
0 

67 
57 
0 
2 
10 
14 
1 
88 
3 
5 
5 
27 
2 
6 
1 
18 
12 
0 

3 

3 
1 
1 
7 
109 
20 
0 
37 
41 
1 
3 

5 
9 
38 

12 

23 
23 
269 
13 
292 
222 
46 
54 
326 

95 
75 
3 
4 
23 
27 
5 
136 
5 
12 
18 
97 
4 
22 
2 
24 
30 
0 

15 

5 
1 
10 
28 
239 
25 
1 
118 
51 
1 
3 
0 
9 
12 
50 
5 
17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Nauru 
North Macedonia 
Panama 
Paraguay 
Peru 
Samoa 
Serbia 
South Africa 
St. Helena 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 
Suriname 
Thailand 
Tonga 
Turkey 
Turkmenistan 
Venezuela 
Wallis & Futuna 

5,43 
41,61 
0,55 
3,42 
0,67 
2,42 
32,33 
0,80 
2103,93 
2,49 
5,50 
8,23 
0,16 
23,88 
17,26 
0,39 
1,74 
877,29 

Other 

35 

68 

32 

0 

2   

0   
3 
2   
0   

19 
5 
9   

0   
0   
0 
2   
59 
1   

10 

4 

1 
0 
4 
0   

1 

741 

42 
0 

4 
0 
1 
2 
0 
41 

1 
0 

99 
0 
0 

0 

17 

2 
0 

23 
16 

0 
0 
3 
2 

45 

27 
0 
21 
19 
0 
136 
26 

0 
0 
1 
8 
0 
497 
1 
5 

0 
87 
2 
24 
22 
0 
223 
47 
9 
0 
1 
5 
11 
2 
1 440 
2 
49 
10 

190 

1 086 

239 

10 

197 

1 350 

3 108 

68 

575 

99 

538 

675 

251 

2 727 

4 933 

575 

99 

538 

675 

690 

251 

1 093 

2 727 

7 545 

4 933 

15 709 

1 231 

1 384 

2 568 

1 198 

253 
253 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

N 

Table 10A  INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Commitments 

Commitments 

Sector of Destination 

Europe 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Oceania 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Hybrid energy plants 
Nuclear energy plants 

3 
1 

2 

5 

5 

1 

2   

5 

1 253   
147   

225   

9 

57 

548   

267   

752 
130   

45 

277 

20 
97 
8   
22   

143   
82   

9   

57   

109   
439   

267   

130 

45 

150 
49   
78 

254 
254 

72 

2  

4   

4 

1 

4 

252 
51 

51 

1 

4 

79 

65 

71 
58 

13 

41 

10   

19   
12   
21   

1  

4  

7  
72   

65   

58   

13   

672 
117   

120   

19 

27 

226   

163   

273 
38 

13 

214 

20 
61 
7 
29 

74   
46   
0   

19   

27   

18   
207   

163 

38 

13 

60 
136   
12   

7 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 

597 
148   

55 

1 

20 

374   

138 

118 

95 
37 
15   

55   

1   

20   

36   
338   

102   

16 

20   

11   

41   

1 

4 

Total 

2 848 
464   

473   

30 

119   

135 
237 
30 
61 

292 
160 
21 

30 

119 

1 267  

169 
1 098 

496   

1 243 
225   

59 

630 

496 

225 

59 

210 
299 
89 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 
Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

27 
26 

0 

4 
4 

25   
1   

0   

4   

8 

201 
68 

127   

6 

128 
68 

60 

8 

67   
1   

127   

6   

68   

60 

100 
100   

100 

35 
27 

8 

27 

8 

124 
42 

74 

8 

117 
56 

62 

41 
37 

4 

11 
10 

1 

42   

74   

8 

56   

62   

37   

4 

10   

1 

160   

140   

393 
151   

106   

136   

138 
71 

67 

401 
385   

16 

92 
92 

168 
128   

9 

30 

8 

8 

160 

140 

129   
2   
21   

105   
1   

2   
134   

71   

67   

385   

16   

92 

128   

9   

30   

8 

10   

10   

437   
1   
19   

11   

3   

83   

171   

0   

10 

10 

470 
457   

11 

3 

254 
83 

171   

0 

0 

1 

1 

432 

339   

93 

1   

339   

93   

171 

158 

1 215 
744 

318 

153 

642 
282 

359 

542 
522 

20 

92 
92 

215 
166 

17 

32 

440 

339 

101 

171 

158 

700 
4 
40 

317 
1 

8 
145 

282 

359 

522 

20 

92 

166 

17 

32 

339 

101 

8 

3 205 

616 

1 409 

107 

1 891 

7 237 

255 
255 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

N 

Table 10B  INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Hybrid energy plants 
Nuclear energy plants 

Europe 

22 
11 

11 

0 

0 

11 

0 

5 

5 

0   

0   

2   
9   

0   

5   

America 

306 
19 

21 

6 

40 

167   

52 

55 
22 

1 

22 

1 
2 
1   
15   

13   
7   
0   

6   

40   

23   
145   

52   

22 

1 

15   
6   
1   

Asia 

918 
233   

78 

13 

33 

402   

159   

89 
8 

5 

62 

4 
142 
2   
85   

64   
12   
1   

13   

33   

95   
307   

159   

8 

5 

1   
7   
47   
2   

6 

Oceania 

51 
3 

16 

0 

17 

14 

0 

15 
4 

6 

3 

0 
0   
3   

16   

0   

17   

14   

0   

4 

6 

2   
0   
0   

Africa 

2 267 
134   

259   

10 

115   

1 227  

522   

705 
175   

30 

248 

114   
1 113   

42 
57 
4   
31   

185   
73   
0   

10   

115   

522   

175 

30 

2   
85   
47   
106   
6 
2 

256 
256 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 
538 
215   

204   

7 

90 

21 

15 

1 

5 

135 
53 
8   
19   

163   
33   
8   

7   

19   
71   

21   

1 

4   

1   

Total 

4 102 
615   

578   

30 

212   

182 
264 
15 
153 

442 
126 
10 

30 

212 

1 911  

253 
1 658 

755   

884 
209   

42 

345 

755 

209 

42 

3 
109 
104 
109 
6 
15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 
Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

213  

39   

512 
417  

50   

44   

257 
136  

121  

688 
625  

63 

91 
55   

1   

35   

7 

0   

6 

213   

39   

383   
13   
22   

49   
1   

2   
42   

136   

121   

625   

63   

55   

1   

35   

0 

6   

2 

8 

104 
61 

20 

24 

110 
55 

55 

51 
37 

14 

17 
12 

4 

1 

3 

3 

2   

8   

54   

7   

20   

1   
23   

55   

55   

37   

14   

12   

4   

1   

3   

4 

10   

155 
111   

17   

27   

122 
41   

81   

126 
103   

22 

40 
32   

3 

5 

5 

5 

4  

10   

89   
15   
8  

17   

2  
25   

41   

81   

103   

22 

32 

3  

5 

5 

5 
3 

1 

1 

4 
4 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1   

2   

1   

1   

4   

1   

0   

0 

2 

25 
25 

0 

16 
15 

1 

3 
3 

0 

0 

0   

2   

25   

0   

0   

15   

1   

3 

0 

5   

5   

25   
3   
6   

4   
6   

8   

30   

20   

41   

5 

5 

53 
35 

10 

8 

50 
30 

20 

41 

41 

0 

0 

206 

146   

59 

0   

146   

59   

224  

64   

854 
652  

98   

103  

559 
281  

278  

909 
768  

141 

148 
99   

9   

40   

220 

147  

74 

224 

64 

576 
30 
46 

90 
7 

5 
98 

281 

278 

768 

141 

99 

9 

40 

147 

74 

37 

4 527 

646 

1 454 

109 

903 

7 675 

257 
257 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

N 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 11A  Budget Non-INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Commitments 

Commitments 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Europe 

1 137 
152 

Africa 

663 
87 

America 

26 

Asia 

574 
60 

Oceania 

151 

39 

754 

42 

399 
182 

13 

55 

14   
106   
26   
6   

125   
26   

39   

96   
657   

42   

182 

13   

3 
9 
25 
17 

9 
60 
2 
17 

36   
100   

3   

257   
140   

41 

2 

136   

3 

397   

41 

4 

2 

258 
258 

4 

60 

4  

60 

46 
15 

22 

11   
11   

26 

362   

65 

0 

26 

135 
227 

65 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 
546 
270   

141   
129   

1   

45   

91   
133   

7   

8   

45   
3   

59   

1 

45 

224   

7 

129 
8 

47 

59 

Total 

2 947 
568   

352   

22 
366 
157 
23 

211 
141 

112 

112 

1 759  

591 
1 168 

155   

532 
190   

15 

102   

59 

155 

190 

15 

3 
54 
28 
17 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 
Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

150   

425 
184   

183   

57 

376 
94 

282   

40 
40 

684 
567   

117   

2 

2 

150 

182   

3   

183 

57 

94   

282   

40   

567   

117   

2 

2 

30 
25 

3 

3 

64 
10 

54 

2 

12 
13 

3 

3 

10 

54 

271 
271   

0 

611 
592   

271 

0 

592   

105 
89 

19 

16 

19   

89   

16   

33 
22 

12 

40 
14 

26 

50 
50 

22 

12 

14 

26 

50 

1 132 
1 116  

1 116 

17 

13 

13 

17 

13 

15 

2 
1 

15 

1   

1 

341 
22 

319   

1 

22   

319   

217 
217   

217   

460 

432   

28 

432   

28   

166   

491 
232   

198   

61 

821 
140   

681   

361 
361   

0 

166 

216 
13 
3 

198 

61 

140 

681 

361 

0 

2 749 
2 581  

2 581 

117   

51 

475 

432   

43 

117 

51 

432 

43 

3 062 

1 644 

131 

1 844 

1 695 

8 376 

259 
259 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

N 

N 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 11B  Budget Non-INTPA in 2020: A closer look. Sectoral breakdown per region - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

Oceania 

Europe 

1 447 
267 

13   
233   
6   
15   

152   
7   
1   

1   

66   

123   
632   

196   

92   

16   

8   
9   
57   
12   
0   

39   

160 

1 

66 

755 

196 

285 
92 

16 

87 

39 

Africa 

975 
122   

134   

9 

15 

575   

121   

84 
2 

0 

54 

1 

23   
61   
11   
27   

51   
82   
0   

9   

15   

223   
352   

121 

2 

0 

4   
29   
21 

1 

260 
260 

America 

37 
1 

3 

0 

34 

3 

2 

0  

1  

3  

0  

3  
30   

2  

Asia 

648 
71 

38 

1 

42 

401   

94 

48 
4 

2 

9 

4 
17 
40 
10 

12 
27 

1 

42 

176 
225 

94 

4 

2 

6 
4 

27 

27 

Developing 
countries, 
unspecified 
337 
245   

4   
135   
102   
4   

6   

1   

53   
23   

9   

10   

3   

3   
7   
1   

45   

6 

1 

77 

9 

80 
10 

3 

11 

45 

Total 

3 444 
706   

341   

12 

124   

45 
446 
159 
56 

224 
115 
2 

12 

124 

1 841  

578 
1 263 

420   

500 
108   

20 

162   

420 

108 

20 

8 
22 
97 
34 
0 

112   

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 
Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

51 

146 
106   

31 

9 

261 
28 

233   

42 
42 

798 
787   

2 

9 

7 

7 

51 

105   
0   
0   

0   
30   
1   

2   
7   

28   

233   

42   

787   

2   

9   

7   

28 

49 
14 

5 

30 

27 
3 

25 

191 
189   

2 

652 
622   

1 

28 

1 

1 

28 

7 
1 
6 

3   
2   

0 
30 

3   

25 

189 

2 

622   

1   

28   

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 
3 

1 

1   

3   

112 
98 

14 

98   

14   

6 

36 
13 

16 

7 

71 
8 

63 

89 
89 

0 

6 

13 

0 

16 

0 
7 

8 

63 

89 

0 

779 
740   

4 

34 

7 

7 

740   

4 

34 

7 

12 

8 
0 

4 

3 

276 
30 

247   

12 

0   
0   

3   
1   

3   

30   

247   

79 
79 

1 

454 

428   

26 

79   

1   

428   

26   

98 

240 
133   

57 

49 

638 
71 

567   

322 
320   

2 

98 

125 
2 
6 

0 
53 
4 

2 
48 

71 

567 

320 

2 

2 420 
2 326  

2 326 

7 

87 

470 

7 

87 

428   

42 

428 

42 

0 
0 

0   

2 985 

1 979 

156 

1 679 

0 

1 235 

8 034 

261 
261 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 12A  Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2020 - Commitments 

Commitments 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Hybrid energy plants 
Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

ENI 
1 276 
266 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 
628 
222 

889 
168 

EIDHR 
164 
5 

ICSP 
354 

INSC 

CFSP 
343 

17 
170 
56 
23 

20 
102 
13 
33 

245 

159 

72 

109 
137 

81 

81 

82 
56 
21 

20 

30 

20 

30 

0 

20 

95 
63 
63 

55 
17 

0 

20 

5 

20 

16 
4 

0 

0 

IPA2 
743 
156 

6 
115 
35 

86 

86 
0 

31 

31 

583 

270 

311 

160 

331 

343 

434 

160 

309 
23 

2 

2 

262 
81 

31 

31 

31 

26 
408 

37 

37 

237 
133 

133 

13 

49 

13 

3 
8 
21 
17 

30 
553 

25 
245 

101 

243 

101 

243 

365 
68 

36 

220 

68 

36 

60 
148 
12 

295 
58 

2 

52 

58 

2 

46 
7 

58 

58 

1 
310 

3 

3 

117 

102 

102 

10 

10 

262 
262 

HUMA 

EDF 
1 351 
176 

OTH 
46 
41 

Total 
5 795 
1 032 

20 
115 
13 
28 

0 
38 
3 

157 
603 
187 
85 

241 

1 

824 

153 
87 

9 

69 

9 

69 

593 

109 
485 

263 

263 

626 
157 

157 

24 

277 

24 

150 
49 
78 

1 
0 

1 

3 

0 

1 

3 

105 

0 

502 
301 
21 

30 

30 

231 

231 

3 027 

761 
2 266 
651 

651 

1 775 
416 

416 

74 

74 

732 

3 
264 
327 
106 

31 

56 

105 

229 

56 

105 

229 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

31 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

5 

318 
305 

41 

41 

325 
102 

101 
1 

202 

10 

5 

284 

21 

10 

125 

125 

155 
72 

56 
13 
3 

31 

52 

41 

292 
41 

251 

251 

321 
321 

52 

21 

201 
1 

6 
16 

218 
140 

78 

140 

78 

104 
100 

321 

100 

4 

4 

35 
27 

8 

27 

8 

465 
465 

465 

65 
53 

12 

53 

12 

3 

153 
111 

42 

3 

111 

42 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

44 
3 

42 

1 

3 

42 

42 

42 

334 
159 

159 

167 

167 

8 

8 

77 

256 
77 

179 

179 

40 
40 

40 

117 

2 084 
2 033 

324 

324 

1 706 
976 

917 
18 
42 

516 

514 
1 

214 

8 
207 

1 463 
422 

4 
3 

3 

1 

277 
5 

112 

112 

571 
336 

314 
3 
19 

106 

106 

129 

2 
127 

267 
49 

219 

49 

5 

422 

272 

1 040 

219 

272 

438 
422 

422 

16 

92 
92 

16 

92 

179 
138 

82 
82 

9 

31 

9 

31 

208 
208 

360 
328 

1 040 
903 
883 

883 

20 

92 
92 

20 

92 

2 964 
2 747 

2 747 
134 

134 

83 

83 

915 
771 

208 

328 

771 

32 

145 

32 

145 

0 

0 

1 
1 

0 

1 

2 033 

138 

82 

90 
90 

12 
12 

90 

12 

55 
10 

44 

10 

44 

1 
1 

1 

13 
1 

12 

1 

12 

117 

117 

54 
54 

0 

54 

0 

51 

13 
12 

2 

51 

12 

2 

2 869 

1 935 

1 261 

90 

176 

409 

33 

356 

1 780 

2 097 

3 733 

874 

15 613 

263 
263 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 12A 

Commitments 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI_OTHER

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

ADMIN

Action relating to debt
Economic infrastructures and services
Multisector/ Crosscutting
Production

Budget support, food aid, food security
Humanitarian aid
Other/ Unallocated
Social infrastructures

264 
264 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 12B  Sectoral breakdown per instrument in 2020 - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Hybrid energy plants 
Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 
710 
214  

1 009 
262 

4 

EIDHR 
137 
2 

ICSP 
322 
8 

INSC  
0 

CFSP 
367 

HUMA 

EDF 
2 348 
265 

OTH 
65 
40 

ENI 
1 545 
269 

26 
145 
59 
40 

191 

79 
111 
2 

11 

60 

11 

60 

83 
708 

224 

224 

344 
31 

10 

126 

31   

10   

21   
83   
22   

3   
152   
8   
99   

60   
14   
1   

13   

64   

74 

13 

64 

108   
283   

204 

204   

123 
18   

14   

68   

18   

14   

1   
14   
47   
7   

22 
84 
78 
30 

86   
16   
1   

4   

17   

45   

1   

46   
21   

1   
325   

104  

4   

17  

326  

45  

81 
1   

68  

791 

390 

109 

109   

6   

6   

3   

3 

265 
265 

1 
1 
0 
0 

1 
0 

0 

1 

0 

30 

0 

1 

132 

276 

3 
1 
0 
5 

28 
3 

0 

1   

1 
131 

2 

2 

0 

0 

223 
53 

5 

5 

2 

1 

0   

1 

2   

0 

0 

13 

13 

2   

13 

0 

0 

0   

2   

1   

1 
1   

0   

0   

2 

1 

1 

0 

IPA2 
1 040 
261 

12 
226 
15 
8 

129 

127 
2 

1 

60 

1 

60 

367 

401 

285 
82 

28 
372 

188 

188 

149 
77   

77 

9   

9 

32   

8 
0 
11 
12 

3   

0 

3 

Total 
7 545 
1 321 

227 
711 
174 
209 

919 

666 
241 
12 

42 

42 

336 

336 

3 752 

831 
2 921 

3 
35 
2 
0 

0 
1 

3 

1 
17 

3 

18 

4 

1 175 

4 

1 175 

204 

0 

4 

0 

1 
3 
0 

1 384 
317 

317 

62 

62 

507 

12 
131 
201 
143 
6 
15 

158 
67 
12 
28 

389 

1 

286 
94 
8   

12 

12   

131 

131 

1 049 

101 
948 

502 

502 

466 
190 

190 

28 

194 

28 

2   
48 
36 
102 
6   

16 

199 

336 

16 

199 

336 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

69 

118 
37 

69 

29 
2 
6 

16 

16 

235 
136 

119 
15 
2 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

40 

49 

Construction 
Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Humanitarian aid 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

40 

40 
1   

0 
40 

125 
14 

112 

14 

112 

273 
273 

273 

0 

0 

159 
159 

159   

1 

1   

57 
54  

54 

3   

3   

49 

2 
49 

62   

51 

183 
62 

121 

121   

127 
103 

103 

24 

24   

38 
31  

5   

2   

7 

7 

31   

5   

2   

7   

10 

10 

146 
134 

105   
1   
29   

3   
2 

2 
5 

5 

6 

155 
121  

121 

35  

65 

35   

65 

65 

13 
9   

4   

43 
3   

40  

9 

4 

3   

40 

5 
5   

0   

5   

0   

0 

0 

0 
0   

0   

0   

89 
89   

89   

1 
1   

0 
0 
0 

0   

0 
0   

0   

0 
0   

0   

0   

0   

0 

0 
0   

0   

10 
10   

0   

10   

0   

0   

3 

0 

2 

1   

21 
1   

20   

2 

2 

10 
0   

5   

5   

19 
9   

10   

2 

1 

1   

0 
0   

0 

20 

2 

0 

5 

5 

1 
1   

1   

9   

10 

28 

115 
94 

28 

94 

15 

7 

210 
23 

186 

0 
14 
0 

2 
5 

23 

186 

32 
32  

32 

322 
311 

1 904 
1 831 

311 

1 831   

2 

9 

2   

9 

73 

6 
1   

6   

1   

6   

59 
53  

6   

53   

6   

13 
11  

3   

73   

11   

3   

268 
18 

250 

18 

353 

845 

121 

250 

845 

162 

162 

1 093 
786 

701 
32 
52 

155 

0 
143 
11 

153 

7 
146 

1 198 
353 

1 231 
1 087 

1 087 
143 

143 

2 568 
2 425 

2 425 
16 

16 

127 

127 

690 
575 

1   

6 
2   

1   

2   

1 

2 

0 

0 
1 

2 

37 

37 

465 
377 

347   
15   
15   

42 

37   
5   

1   
45   

46 

235 
114 

114 

121 

15 
15   

15 

717 
664 

664   

52 

52 

19 
19 

19 

364 
327 

102 
64   

64 

4   

4 

34   

34 

22 
18   

18 

4   

4 

327 

575 

37 

116 

37 

116 

2 622 

1 722 

1 213 

99 

148 

379 

15 

373 

1 927 

1 917 

4 354 

941 

15 709 

266 
266 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 12B 

Disbursements 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI_OTHER

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

ADMIN

Action relating to debt
Economic infrastructures and services
Multisector/ Crosscutting
Production

Budget support, food aid, food security
Humanitarian aid
Other/ Unallocated
Social infrastructures

267 
267 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 13A  Breakdown by country and instrument for  2020 - Commitments 

ENI 
2 816 

2 725 
653 

653   
17 
31 

364 

51 

0 
0 

3 
187 

Commitments 

Country / Region 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development 
Assistance) 
Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 
Benin 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 

1 935 

1 259 

1 935 

1 213 
11 

EIDHR 
164 

164 

ICSP 
399 

399 
32 

INSC 
31 

31 
5 

CFSP 
355 

355 
111 

IPA2 
1 729 

1 729 
1 665 

HUMA 
2 086 

2 086 
567 

EDF 
3 733 

3 632 
1 

OTH 
547 

546 
24 

Total 
15 053 

14 815 
3 071 

763 

151 

50 

0 

151 

118 

611 

2 799 

106 

11   

2 

7 

0 
0 

1 

32 

1   

12   
2   

11   
6 

5 

5 

111 

1 665 
241   

136   
559   
92   

31   
133   
236   
14   
223 

2 
81 

1 

27 

132 
132 

11   
11 

763   
40 
110 
20 
223 
4 
365 

19 

39   

0 

14   

14 

0 
137   

26 

2 
7 

2   
2 
10   

10 

107   

15 

268 
268 

567 

1 

24 

24 

0 
0 

1 

536 
32 

382 
382 

31 
31 
23   

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

23 

557 

106 

2 417 
25 
7 
77 
20 
13 
97 

3 071 
258 
32 
136 
963 
175 
59 
31 
133 
237 
15 
775 
257 

4 748 

559 
559 
810 
40 
110 
44 
223 
27 
366 
3 380 
25 
7 
103 
20 
15 
118 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Mozambique 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Southern Africa, regional 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
St. Helena 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0 

3 

2 

3 

19 

5 
15 
2 
3 

10 
14 

2 
5 

2 

1 

1 

39 

3 

12   
7 
2 
88 
37 
70 
9 
180 
1 
15 
95 
37 
2 
15 
110 
20 
3 
29 
102 
81 
15 
8 
333 
84 
15 
39 
7 
121 
18 
12 

211 
6 
1 
170 
130 
17 
3 
16 
25 
32 

285 

18   
164 

90 

1 

104 

12 
7 
2 
91 
37 
355 
9 
181 
1 
15 
95 
37 
2 
18 
110 
20 
3 
29 
102 
101 
16 
12 
338 
139 
17 
42 
7 
121 
18 
79 
19 

18 
528 
21 
1 
172 
135 
17 
5 
106 
25 
33 

4 

35 

19 

America 

America 

America, regional 

390 

32 

115   
115 

1 

26 

1 
1 

10   
10 

105 

193 

105   
105 

747 

230 
230 

269 
269 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

5   

10   

America (North & Central America) 

Belize 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 
Cuba 
Dominica 
El Salvador 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Nicaragua 
North & Central America, regional 
St. Lucia 

America (South America) 

Bolivia 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Venezuela 

Asia 

Asia 

Asia, regional 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Laos 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Middle East, regional 
Syria 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

99 

11 
2   

33   

15   

21   

13 
4 

176 
54   
20   
3   

42   
25   
33 

936 

1 391 

14 

224 
224 
266   
10 
25 
3 
5 
49 
14 

160 
233 
0 
160 

9 

63 

771 

84 
102   

350   
235   

5 

28   

28 

1   
1 

8   

8 

270 
270 

190   
0 
20 

0 

1 

163 

6 
3   

3 

304 
0 
20 
11 
2 
0 
33 
1 
15 
163 
23 
5 
4 
17 
4 
6 
213 
56 
24 
3 
3 
42 
25 
61 
1 

2 

4 
4 

6   
2 
4 

1 

67 

7 

83 

667 

2 

0 

3 166 

8   

8 

32 

8 

4 

12 
4 
4 

5 
5   

60   

42 

16 

2 

2   

2 

197   
197 

470   

35 

293 
23 
119 

0 
0 

0 

0 

422 
422 
275 
10 
33 
3 
5 
49 
14 
2 
160 
1 580 
5 
253 
84 
106 
25 
655 
263 
188 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South Asia, regional 
South & Central Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Uzbekistan 

Oceania 

Oceania 
Fiji 
Micronesia, regional 
Oceania, regional 
Papua New Guinea 
Solomon Islands 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 
Developing countries 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

5   

4 

1 

165 

63 
14   

88   

668 
209   

45   
2   
46 

33 
25 
20 
60 
53 
4 
17 
112 
42 

23   

1 
22 

27 
19   

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

3 

0 

4 

4   

4 

0 

0 

890 
227 
69 
14 
48 
2 
51 
110 
0 
34 
25 
20 
60 
55 
4 
17 
112 
42 

107 

107 
20 
4 
26 
38 
8 
11 
1 

103 

103   
20 

26 
38 
8 
11 
1 

373 

4 

1 105 

164 

123 

16 

43 

64 

136 

534 

415 

2 975 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Bilateral 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 
Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 
Multilateral 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNRWA 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization 
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 

373 
373 

5 
5 

5   

5 

87 
87 

87   

87 

4 
4 

1 105   
1 105 

164 
164 

123 
123 

16 
16 

43 
43 

64 
64 

136 
136 

534 
534 

415 
415 

2 975 
2 975 
5 
5 

5 

5 

46 
3 

43 

3   

1 
3 

43   
30 
13 

271 
271 

100 

1 
1 

234 
90 

1 
0 
0 
0 

90 
0 
1 
3 
87 

143 

143 
130 
13 

100 

100   
100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Cyprus 
Greenland 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Barbados 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 

America (South America) 

Falkland Islands 

Asia 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 

Oceania 

Oceania 

French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

Multilateral (inflows) 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Sub Total PI+PII 

Sub Total PI+PII 

ODA Countries Other Flows 

ODA Countries Other Flows 
NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

Administrative Costs Ex-BA lines - Heading 4 

Administrative Costs - Heading 4 * 

TOTAL COMMITTED AMOUNT (w/o Adm 5 Heading) 
Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

TOTAL COMMITTED AMOUNT 

2 
2 

0 
0 

0 
0 

12 
12 

0 
0 

2 

2   
2 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

0   
0 

12 

0 

12 
12 

0   
0 

30 
30 

29 

28   
4 
17 
1 
7 
0   
0 

2 

2   
1 
1 

237 
232 
70 

281 
276 
70 

70 
37 
33 

29 

2 

2 

70 
37 
33 

28 
4 
17 
1 
7 
0 
0 

2 
2 

2 
1 
1 

162 

174 

162 
162 

6 
6 

6 
6 

174 
174 

6 
6 

6 
6 

2 818 

1 935 

1 259 

164 

399 

31 

367 

1 729 

2 086 

3 763 

784 

15 335 

2 818 
2 

2   

53 

53   

2 873 

1 935 

1 259   
2 

2   

3 

3 

1 935 

1 263 

164 

399 

31 

367 

0 

4 

0 

4   

12 

12 

1 729 
0 

0   

2 086 

3 763 
129 

129 

784 

5 

5 

15 335 
153 

153 

90 

90 

12 

10 

90 

12 

10 

176 

413 

1 

33 

1 

51 

12 

1 

1 

51 

379 

1 780 

12   

2 097 

3 892 

7 

240 

7 

240 

797 
331 

15 728 
331 

331 

331 

2 873 

1 935 

1 263 

90 

176 

413 

33 

379 

1 780 

2 097 

3 892 

1 128 

16 059 

272 
272 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Commitments 

Graphs Table 13A 

Africa

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

America

America (North & Central America)

America (South America)

Asia

Asia (Far East Asia)

Asia (Middle East Asia)

Asia (South & Central Asia)

Developing countries, unspecified

Europe

Oceania

Other

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI_OTHER

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

ADMIN

273 
273 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 13B  Breakdown by country and instrument for  2020 - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Country / Region 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development 
Assistance) 
Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 
Benin 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 

ENI 
2 569 

2 482 
473 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 

1 722 

1 210 

1 722 

1 177 
29 

9 

9 
0 

EIDHR 
138 

134 
11 

ICSP 
370 

370 
46 

INSC 
14 

14 
6 

CFSP 
372 

372 
117 

IPA2 
1 878 

1 878 
1 828 

HUMA 
1 906 

1 906 
476 

EDF 
4 354 

4 254 
1 

OTH 
614 

614 
35 

Total 
15 157 

14 932 
3 022 

473   
0 
22 

241 

56 

0 
0 

3 
150 

0 

0 

29 

1   

24 

1 

0 
0 

1 
2 

1 056 

120 

424 

8 

48 

1 
1 
1 055   
67 
101 
16 
449 
134 
287 
0 

78 
78 

41 

176   
176 
5   
0 
2 
1 
0 
0 
2 
242 
3 
3 

10 
3 
3 
6 
1 

274 
274 

8 

3 

11 
1   
3   
1 
2 
1 
1   
0   
0   
0   

1 
1 

8 
8 
4 
0 
2 
1 
0   

1 
36 
2 
0 
0 
1 
2 

1 
0 

152 

1 

132 

648 

3 713 

202 

6 

1   

1 

46 

0   
15 
1   

18 
11 

0   
3 

117 

1 828 
93 

7 
0 
81 

1 

27 

124 
190   
87   

50   
86   
222   
4   
971 

476 
0   

5   

444 
27 

1 

0 
0 

1 

4   
4 
16 
0   
0   
14   

2 
133 

13 
0 

1 
14 

0 

0 

0 

2   
2 
10   

10 

120   

11 

6 
6 
22   
7 
5 
9 

620 

46 
1 

46 
21 

639 
639 

3 074 
24 
120 
5 
138 
43 
21 
33 
85 

35 
0 
0 

24 

10 
0 
0 
0 

1 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
201 

0 

3 022 
95 
27 
136 
498 
171 
68 
50 
87 
223 
5 
1 440 
222 

6 504 

914 
914 
1 112 
75 
109 
51 
450 
134 
292 
4 478 
28 
123 
5 
208 
50 
24 
90 
133 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Middle Africa, regional 
Mozambique 
Namibia 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
Southern Africa, regional 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
St. Helena 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

America 

America 

America, regional 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0 

1 

1 

1 
0 

0 

0 

2 

7   
0 
1 
13 
1 
6 

1 
1 
5 
0 
2 
5 
4 
2 
5 
8 

4 
5 
5 
4 
4 
1 

6 
0 
3 
6 
5 
1 
4 
4 
1 
3 
0 
53 
3 

12 
4 
4 
11 
2 
3 
7 

41 

1 

0 

318 

104 

1 

26 

27 
27 

20   
20 

275 
275 

0 
0 
1 
1 
0 

0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
1 
0 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 

1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
2 
1 

1 
1 

1 
2 
0   
1 

1   
1 

1   
1 

0   

9 

1 

3 
0 

2 
1 
1 

0 

4 

2 

11 
6 
2 

7 
12   

3   
3 

1 
3 

1 

0 

0 

31 

44 

31 

3 

35 
0 
0 
57 
1 

1 
46 

0 

14 
2 

4 
2 
34 
12 
1 

11 

30 
40 
0 

4 
47 
0 

46 

73 
6 

26 

2 
14 

104   
1 
13 
96 
26 
81 

1 
9 
86 
4 
53 
105 
26 
12 
65 
88 
14 
32 
48 
68 
59 
53 
7 
2 
127 
16 
110 
98 
56 
6 
143 
89 
58 

1 
459 
40 
9   
3 
72 
34 
92 
9 
47 
79 

0 

1 

1 

0 

146 
2 
15 
177 
28 
88 
0 
3 
12 
140 
5 
55 
112 
32 
14 
74 
112 
17 
37 
57 
76 
133 
71 
9 
2 
147 
17 
199 
151 
64 
7 
147 
98 
146 
47 
1 
748 
103 
9 
92 
87 
39 
132 
14 
52 
102 

28 

2 

108 

201 

14 

802 

1 
1 

50 
50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
America (North & Central America) 

Antigua And Barbuda 
Belize 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Montserrat 
Nicaragua 
North & Central America, regional 
Panama 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 

America (South America) 

Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Suriname 
Venezuela 

Asia 

Asia 

Asia, regional 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 
China 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Laos 
Malaysia 
Mongolia 
Philippines 
Thailand 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 

0 

0   
0 

0 

0 
0 

12 

0 
0 

0 

1   
1   

1 
1   
1   
0   
2 

2 
2 
0 
0 

13 
0   
3 
0   
2 
1 
0   
0   
4   
1 
0   
1 

10   

1 

0 

3 

3 
3 

18   

2 

11 
0 

5 

1 

31 

1 

1   
3 

1 
1   

6   
13 
1   

1   

1   
1 

77 
0   
2   
3   
26   
2   

1   
1   

42 

2 

188 
3 
4 
42 

3   
2   
20   

1   

81   

24   

5   

3 

0 
0 
13 

10   

3 

2 

0 

11 
2 

2 

0 

7 

421 
3 
5 
46 
3 
4 
22 
2 
24 
14 
1 
28 
99 
53 
25 
12 
5 
43 
27 
2 
0 
1 
331 
4 
39 
12 
97 
30 
10 
24 
22 
39 
5 
49 

2   

2 

33 

112 

6 

89 

612 

19 

26 

3 046 

1   

0 

1 

1 
1 
10 
1   
1   

2   
1   
1   
0   
0 
1 

3   
3 
4 

3 

1 
0 

19 

6 
6 
9 

7 

1 
0 

88 
88 
316 
78 
18 
3 
27 
19 
30 
1 
30 
23 
11 

11 
0 

2 
0 

7 
0 

139 

3 
0 
7 

10 

20 

43 

1 

34 
17 
2 

152 
1 
26 
1 
44 
21 

22 
14 
22 

701 

1 278 

171 

0 
0 

16 
16 
228 
72 
7 

20 
9 
24 

28 
13 
7 

37 

0 
3 

2   
10   

2 
1   

1   
3   
7   
0 
3   

4   
0   
0   
0 

46   
2 
6 
6 
14 
6 
0 
2 
2 
2 
1 
6 

61   
61 
33   
5 
1 
3 
1 
5 
5 

1 
2 
3 

276 
276 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Middle East, regional 
Syria 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Maldives 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 

Oceania 

Oceania 
Fiji 
Kiribati 
Marshall Islands 
Micronesia, Fed. States 
Nauru 
Oceania, regional 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 
Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

418 

72 
31   
0 
100   
214   

283 

95 
21   

1 
166   

48 
152 
4 
84 

0 

64 
882 
294 

202 
16 
20 

5 
0 
43 
0   
128 
24 
78 
1 
13 
10 
2   
45 

3 
3 
30   
3 
7 
1 
0 
3 
10 
1 
5 
46   
2 
1 
1 
12 
5 
1 
2 
2 
0 
1 

9 
2 
2 
6 
0 
0 

1 

6   
1 

3 
1 
0 
0 

6 

58   

42 

16 

32   

1 
31 

2 
1 
0 
0 

3 

1 

0 
0 

1 

58 

14 
1 
13 
6 
10 
5 
9 
48 
7   

3   

9 
3 
0   

2 
3 
3 

5 
3 
8 
3 

1 
1 
7 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
15 
1 
1 
1   
1 

1 
1 
2 
0   
0 
0 
1 
1   
1 
1 
2 
0 
0 
1 

0   
0 

0 

0 

1 
469   
20 
91 
21 
72 
2 
147 
18 
97 
131 
48 
0 

34   

1   

15   
2   
31   

19   

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

10 

0 

5 
5 

23 
54 
1 193 
28 
239 
96 
118 
27 
269 
240 
177 
1 450 
351 
99 
23 
252 
21 
32 
207 
14 
1 
47 
3 
157 
30 
118 
10 
23 
13 
2 
46 

0 

103 

0 

109 

0 

0 

103 
14 
6   
0   
1   
0   
38   
11   
0 
8 
2 
0 
13 
10 

0 
0 

0 

109 
15 
6 
0 
1 
0 
40 
12 
0 
8 
2 
0 
13 
10 

252 

6 

443 

252 
252 

6 
6 

443   
443 

16 

31 

1 

33 

50 

63 

217 

337 

1 449 

16 
16 

31 
31 

1 
1 

33 
33 

50 
50 

63 
63 

217 
217 

337 
337 

1 449 
1 449 

277 
277 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs   
Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 
Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
OHCHR 
UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNRWA 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization 
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 
Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Croatia 
Cyprus 
Greenland 
Russia 

Africa 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Seychelles 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Anguilla 
Aruba 
Bahamas 
Barbados 
Curaçao 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
St. Kitts-Nevis 
Trinidad And Tobago 
Turks & Caicos Islands 
America (South America) 

Chile 
Uruguay 

Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 
Hong Kong, China 

87 
87 

87 

15 
15 
12 

87 

12 

12 

0 
0 

5 
5 

28 
0 

28 

8 
8 
3 

1 

3 

5 

5 

0 

0 
0 

28 
15 
13 

3 

3 

1 
1 

0 

0 

0 
2 
2 
1 

2 

1 

278 
278 

4 
4 

3 
3 
2 

0 

4 

4 

2 

2 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

5 
5 

5 

5 

100 

1 
1 

220 
92 

3 
3 

0 
0 

10 
10 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

100 

100 
100 

56 
55 

2 

26 

2 
2 

26 
3 
2 
0 
7 
1 
2 
0 
0 
4 
2 
5 

92 
0 
4 
0 
1 
87 

128 

128 
115 
13 

218 
212 
95 

1 
0 

0 
0 

123 
117 
77 

77 

42 
33 
3 

95 
0 
42 
33 
20 

2 
2 

26 
3 
2 
0 
8 
1 
2 
0 
0 
4 
2 
5 
4 
3 
1 

4 
0 

2 

1 

30 

1 
1 

4 
0 

5 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Korea 
Singapore 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 
Saudi Arabia 
United Arab Emirates 

Oceania 

Oceania 

Cook Islands 
French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

2   
2 

1   
1 

1   
1 

1 

0 

0 

1 
1 

0 
0 

0   
0 

0 

3 

0 

10 

0 
0 

3 
3 

0 
0 

10   
10 

4 
0 
1 
0 
0 
1 

27 

27 

27   
2 
15 
9 
1 

1 
1 

1   
1 

1 

1 
1 

34 

49 

34 
34 

1 
1 

6 
6 

18 

6 
6 

13 

6 
6 

13 

4 
0 
5 
4 
0 
1 

27 
2 
15 
9 
1 

49 
49 

1 

1 

6 
6 

18 

9 

141 

373 

14 

382 

1 881 

2   

2 

9 

141 

373 

14 

382 

1 

1 

10 

0   

0 

9 

90 

10 

9 

152 

382 

1 

15 

1 

7 

1 

7 

1 

1 906 

4 410 

751 

1 881 
0 

0 

1 906 
1 

1 

49 

11 

4 410 
269 

269 

0 

0   

751 

35 

35 

15 393 
15 393 
324 

324 

0 

0 

7 

235 

7 

235 

793 
329 

15 951 
329 

329 

329 

390 

1 930 

49 

11   

1 918 

4 679 

152 

382 

15 

390 

1 930 

1 918 

4 679 

1 121 

16 280 

90 

99 

99 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs   
Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 
Multilateral (inflows) 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Sub Total PI+PII 

Sub Total PI+PII 

ODA Countries Other Flows 

ODA Countries Other Flows 
NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

Administrative Costs Ex-BA lines - Heading 4 

Administrative Costs - Heading 4 

TOTAL DISBURSED AMOUNT (w/o Adm 5 Heading) 
Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

TOTAL DISBURSED AMOUNT 

2 

2   

2 585 

2 585 
10 

10   

54 

54   

2 649 

1 722 

1 722 

1 

1   

1 218 

1 218 
2 

2   

3 

3 

1 722 

1 223 

2 649 

1 722 

1 223 

279 
279 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 13B 

 Disbursements 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Africa

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

America

America (North & Central America)

America (South America)

Asia

Asia (Far East Asia)

Asia (Middle East Asia)

Asia (South & Central Asia)

Developing countries, unspecified

Europe

Oceania

Other

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI_OTHER

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

ADMIN

280 
280 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 14A  Breakdown by aid mechanism and by instrument 2020 - Commitments 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 
905 

EIDHR 
159 

1 311 
446 
100 
78 
1 935 

356 
1 261 

90 
90 

18 
176 

ICSP 
399 

10 
409 

INSC 
31 

1 
33 

CFSP 
355 

1 
356 

IPA2 
1 550 
55 
40 
135 
1 780 

HUMA 
2 084 

13 
2 097 

EDF 
2 224 
267 
422 
819 
3 733 

OTH 
359 

515 
874 

11 146 
988 
883 
2 595 
15 613 

Commitments 

Commitments 

Aid Mechanisms 

Project-type interventions 
Sector budget support 
General budget support 
Other mechanisms 

Graphs Table 14A 

ENI 
1 769 
220 
321 
559 
2 869 

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI_OTHER

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

Project-type interventions

Sector budget support

General budget support

Other mechanisms

281 
281 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 14B Breakdown by aid mechanism and by instrument 2020 - Disbursements 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 
856 

EIDHR 
132 

921 
581 
103 
116 
1 722 

350 
1 213 

89 
99 

15 
148 

ICSP 
360 

19 
379 

INSC 
13 

2 
15 

CFSP 
372 

1 
373 

IPA2 
1 377 
51 
32 
467 
1 927 

HUMA 
1 904 

13 
1 917 

EDF 
2 027 
539 
664 
1 124 
4 354 

OTH 
495 

431 
941 

9 770 
1 829 
1 087 
3 022 
15 709 

Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Aid Mechanisms 

Project-type interventions 
Sector budget support 
General budget support 
Other mechanisms 

ENI 
1 306 
650 
273 
393 
2 622 

Graphs Table 14B 

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI_OTHER

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

Project-type interventions

Sector budget support

General budget support

Other mechanisms

282 
282 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 15A  Sources of External Assistance in 2016-2020 - Commitments 

Commitments 

DG INTPA** Budget 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG INTPA** Budget Total 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG INTPA** EDF Total 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG NEAR* Total 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Other DGs Total 

Total 

2016 

3 129 

6 927 

4 709 

3 633 

18 398 

3 087 

41 

6 733 

194 

4 646 

63 

3 182 

452 

2017 

3 865 

5 780 

4 320 

3 816 

17 780 

3 831 

34 

5 292 

487 

4 276 

43 

3 572 

244 

2018 

3 583 

4 945 

4 166 

3 532 

16 225 

3 535 

48 

4 760 

185 

4 135 

32 

3 252 

279 

2019 

3 547 

3 873 

5 349 

4 424 

17 193 

3 502 

45 

3 012 

861 

5 321 

28 

4 141 

283 

2020 

3 541 

3 892 

4 165 

4 461 

16 059 

3 504 

36 

3 733 

159 

4 159 

6 

4 216 

245 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

283 
283 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 15A 

 8 000

 7 000

 6 000

 5 000

 4 000

  194  

  487  

  63  

  43  

  34  

 6 733  

  452  

 3 000

  41  

Commitments 

  185  

  32  

  244  

  48  

  279  

  45  

  861  

 4 646  

 3 831  

 3 182  

 3 087  

 5 292  

 4 276  

 4 760  

 4 135  

 3 572    3 535  

 3 252  

 3 502  

 3 012  

 2 000

 1 000

 -

  28  

 5 321  

  283  

  245  

  6  

  159  

  36  

 4 141  

 3 504    3 733  

 4 159    4 216  

Non-ODA

ODA

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

284 
284 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 15B  Sources of External Assistance in 2016-2020 - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

DG INTPA** Budget 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG INTPA** Budget Total 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR* 

Other DGs 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG INTPA** EDF Total 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

DG NEAR* Total 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Other DGs Total 

Total 

2016 

3 307 

3 416 

3 149 

4 018 

13 890 

3 213 

94 

3 206 

209 

3 089 

60 

3 595 

423 

2017 

3 076 

3 956 

3 240 

3 669 

13 941 

3 022 

54 

3 553 

403 

3 203 

37 

3 568 

101 

2018 

3 204 

4 024 

3 169 

3 330 

13 728 

3 145 

59 

3 733 

291 

3 131 

38 

3 138 

193 

2019 

3 088 

3 910 

3 312 

3 907 

14 217 

3 037 

51 

3 629 

282 

3 267 

45 

3 703 

203 

2020 

3 367 

4 679 

4 142 

4 092 

16 280 

3 321 

46 

4 354 

324 

4 129 

13 

3 905 

188 

*DG NEAR = Directorate General for  Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 
**DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 

285 
285 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 15B 

Disbursements 

 5 000

 4 500

 4 000

 3 500

 3 000

 2 500

 2 000

 1 500

 1 000

  500

 -

  423  

  403  

  291  

  101  

  94  

  209  

  60  

  54  

  37  

  59  

  193  

  38  

  51  

  282  

  203  

  45  

  46  

  324  

  13  

  188  

 3 595  

 3 553  

 3 568  

 3 733  

 3 213    3 206    3 089  

 3 022  

 3 203  

 3 145  

 3 131    3 138    3 037  

 3 629  

 3 703  

 3 267  

 3 321  

 4 354  

 4 129  

 3 905  

Non-ODA

ODA

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

*
R
A
E
N
G
D

s
G
D
r
e
h
t
O

F
D
E
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

t
e
g
d
u
B
*
*
A
P
T
N

I

G
D

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

286 
286 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C  D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 16  Sectoral breakdown of Official Development Assistance (ODA) 2016-2020 

Commitments: Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 
Economic infrastructure and services 
Production sectors 
Multisector/Cross-cutting 
Commodity aid and general programme assistance 
Action relating to debt 
Humanitarian aid 
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Disbursements: Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 
Economic infrastructure and services 
Production sectors 
Multisector/Cross-cutting 
Commodity aid and general programme assistance 
Humanitarian aid 
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

6 649 
1 709 
1 915 
2 650 
1 322 

2 718 
683 

7 532 
1 703 
1 766 
2 016 
706 

2 444 
804 

6 663 
1 909 
1 481 
2 216 
763 

1 702 
947 

7 459 
1 792 
1 256 
1 376 
505 

2 614 
975 

17 647 

16 972 

15 681 

15 976 

15 613 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

4 989 
1 423 
1 389 
1 467 
788 
2 371 
676 

5 350 
1 072 
1 322 
1 632 
730 
2 510 
731 

5 626 
1 596 
1 254 
1 459 
763 
1 729 
720 

5 270 
1 455 
1 188 
1 949 
579 
2 283 
912 

13 104 

13 346 

13 147 

13 637 

15 709 

5 795 
1 775 
1 706 
1 463 
903 
92 
2 964 
915 

7 545 
1 384 
1 093 
1 198 
1 231 
2 568 
690 

287 
287 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 16 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Commitments 

Commitments 2020 

20.000

18.000

16.000

14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

19% 

1% 

6% 

9% 

6% 

37% 

11% 

11% 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Social infrastructure and services
Economic infrastructure and services
Production sectors
Multisector/Cross-cutting
Commodity aid and general programme assistance
Action relating to debt
Humanitarian aid
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

Social infrastructure and services
Economic infrastructure and services
Production sectors
Multisector/Cross-cutting
Commodity aid and general programme assistance
Action relating to debt
Humanitarian aid
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

288 
288 

 
    
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Disbursements 

Disbursements 2020 

4% 

16% 

8% 

8% 

7% 

9% 

48% 

18.000

16.000

14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Social infrastructure and services
Economic infrastructure and services
Production sectors
Multisector/Cross-cutting
Commodity aid and general programme assistance
Humanitarian aid
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

Social infrastructure and services
Economic infrastructure and services
Production sectors
Multisector/Cross-cutting
Commodity aid and general programme assistance
Humanitarian aid
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

289 
289 

 
    
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 17A  Regional distribution of aid to developing countries (ODA) 2016-2020 

Commitments 

Europe 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
Africa 

America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
America 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia 

Oceania 

Developing countries 

Oceania 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Total ODA 

Least Developed Countries 
Other Low Income Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Unallocated 

LDCS 
OTHER_LICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 

2016 
3 783 

8 232 

640 

2 732 

75 

2 186 

17 647 

2016 

3 783 

604 
6 589 
1 039 

310 
201 
128 

1 205 
1 126 
291 
109 

75 

2 186 

5 851   
176   
2 838   
3 671   

5 111 

7 103 

2018 
2 680 

5 470 

791 

2017 
3 454 

6 213 

684 

3 454 

752 
5 050 
411 

451 
139 
94 

2 799 

2 928 

104 

3 718 

16 972 

2017 

1 277 
1 160 
223 
139 

104 

3 718 

3 681 
86 
2 704 
3 398 

202 

3 611 

15 681 

2018 

2 680 

655 
3 962 
852 

520 
161 
109 

1 415 
1 233 
260 
21 

202 

3 611 

3 741 
13 
2 776 
2 287 
6 865 

2020 
3 071 

4 849 

747 

2019 
4 604 

4 140 

658 

4 604 

719 
3 053 
369 

280 
163 
216 

3 161 

3 253 

139 

3 274 

15 976 

2019 

1 535 
1 209 
239 
177 

139 

3 274 

2 566 
66 
3 114 
3 913 
6 318 

107 

3 586 

15 613 

2020 

3 071 

810 
3 380 
659 

304 
213 
230 

1 666 
890 
275 
422 

107 

3 586 

2 752 
33 
3 381 
2 245 
7 201 

Total ODA 

17 647 

16 972 

15 681 

15 976 

15 613 

290 
290 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Distribution by region and income for 2020 
Europe 
Africa 
America 
Asia 
Oceania 
Developing countries, unspecified 

LDCS 

OTHER_LICS 

LMICS 

UMICS 

UNALLOC 

33 

2 043 
163 
527 
19 

491 
964 
144 
1 745 
38 

1 603 
116 
114 
392 
21 

978 
1 692 
326 
590 
30 
3 586 

Total ODA 

2 752 

33 

3 381 

2 245 

7 201 

291 
291 

 
 
 
 
 
20000

15000

10000

5000

0

 20 000

 15 000

 10 000

 5 000

 -

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 17A 

Commitments 

Developing countries,
unspecified
Oceania

Asia

America

Africa

Europe

Commitments 2020 

3.586 

3.071 

107 

3.253 

4.849 

747 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Europe Africa America Asia Oceania Developing countries, unspecified

Commitments 

Commitments 2020 

Unallocated

Upper Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Lower Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Other Low Income
Countries

Least Developed Countries

7.201 

2.752 

33 

3.381 

2.245 

Least Developed Countries

Other Low Income
Countries

Lower Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Upper Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Unallocated

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

292 
292 

 
   
 
   
 
 6 000

 5 000

 4 000

 3 000

 2 000

 1 000

 -

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Commitments 2020 

UNALLOC

UMICS

LMICS

OTHER_LICS

LDCS

Europe

Africa

America

Asia

Oceania

Developing countries,
unspecified

293 
293 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 17B  Regional distribution of aid to developing countries (ODA) 2016-2020 

Disbursements 

Europe 

Africa 

America 

Asia 

Europe 

Africa (North of Sahara) 
Africa (South of Sahara) 
Africa 

America (North & Central America) 
America (South America) 
America 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 
Asia (South & Central Asia) 
Asia (Far East Asia) 
Asia 

Oceania 

Developing countries 

Oceania 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Total ODA 

Least Developed Countries 
Other Low Income Countries 
Lower Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Upper Middle Income Countries and Territories 
Unallocated 

LDCS 
OTHER_LICS 
LMICS 
UMICS 
UNALLOC 

2016 
2 959 

4 862 

819 

2 959 

682 
3 876 
305 

433 
369 
17 

2017 
2 958 

5 012 

659 

2 958 

582 
4 072 
359 

343 
268 
48 

2018 
2 038 

5 298 

712 

2 038 

542 
4 353 
403 

415 
259 
37 

2019 
2 945 

5 165 

693 

2 945 

581 
4 246 
338 

395 
270 
28 

2020 
3 022 

6 506 

802 

2 941 

2 822 

2 992 

2 736 

3 133 

65 

1 458 

13 104 

2016 

1 371 
1 220 
309 
42 

65 

1 458 

3 764 

174 
2 922 
3 376 
2 867 

92 

1 802 

13 346 

2017 

1 369 
1 156 
262 
36 

92 

1 802 

3 842 

207 
2 766 
3 239 
3 292 

118 

1 988 

13 147 

2018 

1 556 
1 143 
271 
22 

118 

1 988 

3 812 

60 
3 124 
2 180 
3 971 

129 

1 967 

13 637 

2019 

1 424 
1 043 
239 
30 

129 

1 967 

3 389 

51 
2 881 
2 835 
4 480 

109 

2 138 

15 709 

2020 

3 022 

1 112 
4 478 
916 

421 
331 
50 

1 279 
1 450 
316 
88 

109 

2 138 

4 084 

105 
3 480 
3 108 
4 933 

Total ODA 

13 104 

13 346 

13 147 

13 637 

15 709 

294 
294 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Distribution by region and income for 2020 
Europe 
Africa 
America 
Asia 
Oceania 
Developing countries, unspecified 

LDCS 

OTHER_LICS 

LMICS 

UMICS 

UNALLOC 

2 839 
99   
1 119 
27   

102 

3 

461 
1 444 
177 
1 385 
13 

2 059 
218 
360 
443 
28 

503 
1 903 
166 
184 
40 
2 138 

Total ODA 

4 084 

105 

3 480 

3 108 

4 933 

295 
295 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18000

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

 18 000
 16 000
 14 000
 12 000
 10 000
 8 000
 6 000
 4 000
 2 000
 -

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 17B 

Disbursements 

Developing countries,
unspecified
Oceania

Asia

America

Africa

Europe

Disbursements  2020 

109 

2.138 

3.022 

3.133 

802 

6.506 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Europe Africa America Asia Oceania Developing countries, unspecified

Disbursements 

Disbursements  2020 

Unallocated

Upper Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Lower Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Other Low Income
Countries

Least Developed Countries

4.933 

4.084 

105 

3.108 

3.480 

Least Developed Countries

Other Low Income
Countries

Lower Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Upper Middle Income
Countries and Territories

Unallocated

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

296 
296 

 
   
 
   
 
7.000

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Disbursements 2020 

UNALLOC

UMICS

LMICS

OTHER_LICS

LDCS

Europe

Africa

America

Asia

Oceania

Developing countries,
unspecified

297 
297 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C  D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 18  ODA by instrument in 2016-2020 

Commitments: Instruments 

ENI 
DCI_GEO 
DCI_THEMA 
DCI_OTHER 
EIDHR 
ICSP 
INSC 
CFSP 
IPA2 
HUMA 
EDF 
OTH 
ADMIN 

Disbursements: Instruments 

ENI 
DCI_GEO 
DCI_THEMA 
DCI_OTHER 
EIDHR 
ICSP 
INSC 
CFSP 
IPA2 
HUMA 
EDF 
OTH 
ADMIN 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2 310 
1 567 
1 053 
85 
172 
332 
72 
218 
2 543 
2 152 
6 733 
290 
121 

2 478 
1 714 
1 374 
83 
187 
268 
54 
337 
2 079 
2 101 
5 292 
698 
306 

2 500 
1 753 
1 169 
87 
183 
342 
33 
348 
2 063 
1 533 
4 760 
606 
306 

2 749 
1 865 
1 311 
88 
175 
373 
34 
340 
2 964 
2 412 
3 012 
339 
313 

17 647 

16 972 

15 681 

15 976 

15 613 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2 107 
1 434 
1 014 
300 
147 
331 
113 
227 
1 833 
1 934 
3 206 
286 
171 

1 995 
1 442 
999 
192 
155 
255 
72 
286 
1 564 
2 123 
3 553 
406 
303 

2 112 
1 481 
1 112 
82 
183 
329 
39 
297 
1 393 
1 506 
3 733 
576 
305 

2 047 
1 450 
1 075 
89 
152 
316 
35 
318 
1 544 
2 064 
3 629 
604 
313 

13 104 

13 346 

13 147 

13 637 

15 709 

2 869 
1 935 
1 261 
90 
176 
409 
33 
356 
1 780 
2 097 
3 733 
549 
325 

2 622 
1 722 
1 213 
99 
148 
379 
15 
373 
1 927 
1 917 
4 354 
618 
323 

298 
298 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 18 

Commitments 

 20 000

 18 000

 16 000

 14 000

 12 000

 10 000

 8 000

 6 000

 4 000

 2 000

 -

 18 000

 16 000

 14 000

 12 000

 10 000

 8 000

 6 000

 4 000

 2 000

 -

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Disbursements 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

ADMIN
OTH
EDF
HUMA
IPA2
CFSP
INSC
ICSP
EIDHR
DCI_OTHER
DCI_THEMA
DCI_GEO
ENI

ADMIN
OTH
EDF
HUMA
IPA2
CFSP
INSC
ICSP
EIDHR
DCI_OTHER
DCI_THEMA
DCI_GEO
ENI

299 
299 

Commitments 2020 

325 

549 

2.869 

1.935 

1.261 

1.780 

90 

176 

409 

356 

33 

Disbursements 2020 

618 323 

2.622 

3.733 

2.097 

4.354 

1.722 

1.213 

15 

373 

99 

148 

379 

1.917 

1.927 

ENI
DCI_GEO
DCI_THEMA
DCI_OTHER
EIDHR
ICSP
INSC
CFSP
IPA2
HUMA
EDF
OTH
ADMIN

ENI
DCI_GEO
DCI_THEMA
DCI_OTHER
EIDHR
ICSP
INSC
CFSP
IPA2
HUMA
EDF
OTH
ADMIN

 
   
 
    
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 19  Breakdown by aid mechanism for 2016-2020 

Commitments: Aid Mechanisms 

Project-type interventions 

Sector budget support 

General budget support 

Other mechanisms 

Graphs Table 19 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

12 297 

2 391 

702 

2 257 

12 388 

1 321 

517 

2 746 

11 680 

917 

677 

2 408 

12 192 

1 164 

418 

2 203 

11 146 

988 

883 

2 595 

17 647 

16 972 

15 681 

15 976 

15 613 

Commitments 

Commitments 2020 

 20 000

 18 000

 16 000

 14 000

 12 000

 10 000

 8 000

 6 000

 4 000

 2 000

 -

Other mechanisms

General budget support

Sector budget support

Project-type interventions

2.595 

883 

988 

11.146 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Project-type interventions

Sector budget support

General budget support

Other mechanisms

300 
300 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 20  Budget support as a share of total expenditure in 2020 – Disbursements 

Country 

Total 

Morocco 

Tunisia 

Bangladesh 

Senegal 

Georgia 

Afghanistan 

Benin 

Burkina Faso 

Ghana 

Armenia 

Other countries 

Other management categories 

Budget support 

Other management categories 

Total 

2 867 

13 413 

16 280 

403 

240 

150 

124 

110 

100 

96 

91 

87 

70 

1 396 

13 413 

301 
301 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 20 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Disbursements 

2.867 

13.413 

Budget support

Other management categories

302 
302 

 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 21  Third countries as part of indirect management in 2020 - Disbursements 

Country 

Total 

Turkey 

Democratic Republic of the Congo 

Serbia 

Sierra Leone 

Chad 

Mauritania 

Uganda 

Tanzania 

South Sudan 

Nigeria 

Other countries 

Indirect management - Third countries 

Indirect management - Other categories 

Indirect management - Other categories 

Direct and shared management 

Direct and shared management 

Total 

1 015 

6 106 

9 158 

16 280 

228 

78 

77 

39 

33 

31 

28 

27 

25 

22 

429 

6 106 

9 158 

303 
303 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 21 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Disbursements 

1.015 

6.106 

Indirect management - Third countries

Indirect management - Other categories

304 
304 

 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 22  International organisations as part of indirect management in 2020 - Disbursements 

International Organisation 

Total 

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) 

World Food Programme (WFP) 

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 

African Union (AU) 

International Organization for Migration (IOM) 

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 

United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) 

World Health Organization (WHO) 

Other international organisations 

Indirect management - International organisations 

Indirect management - Other categories 

Indirect management - Other categories 

Direct and shared management 

Direct and shared management 

Total 

International organisation 

United Nations 

International financial institutions 

Other international organisations 

Total 

305 
305 

541 

455 

353 

297 

297 

253 

204 

165 

159 

154 

1 246 

2 996 

9 158 

2 472 

692 

961 

4 125 

2 996 

9 158 

16 280 

Total 

4 125 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table 22 

Disbursements 

2.996 

4.125 

Indirect management - International organisations

Indirect management - Other categories

306 
306 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 23  Member State agencies / Non Member State agencies as part of indirect management in 2020 - Disbursements 

MS agencies / Non MS agencies 

Total 

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) 

Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) 

Agence Française de Développement (AFD) 

Agence Française d'Expertise Technique Internationale (AFETI) 

Agence Belge de Développement (ENABEL) 

Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) 

Nederlandse Financierings-maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden (FMO) 

Fundación Internacional y para Iberoamérica de Administración y Políticas Públicas (FIIAPP) 

The British Council Royal Charter* 

Camoes - Instituto da Cooperacao e da Lingua Ip 

Other agencies 

Indirect management - MS agencies / Non MS agencies 

Indirect management - Other categories 

Indirect management - Other categories 

Direct and shared management 

Direct and shared management 

Total 

300 

241 

183 

76 

36 

34 

34 

32 

30 

26 

295 

5 835 

9 158 

1 287 

5 835 

9 158 

16 280 

307 
307 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 23 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Disbursements 

1.287 

5.835 

Indirect management - MS agencies / Non MS agencies

Indirect management - Other categories

308 
308 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 24A  Sectoral breakdown per instrument - Commitments 

Commitments 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Hybrid energy plants 
Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

ENI 
8 446 
1 575 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 
4 466 
989 

6 228 
1 570 

EIDHR 
1 178 
5 

ICSP 
1 970 
25 

2014-2020 
INSC 

CFSP 
2 086 

244 
760 
398 
172 

215 
908 
89 
357 

202 
241 
509 
37 

471 

681 

630 

166 
305 

584 
66 
30 

577 
53 

27 

214 

536 

27 

214 

570 

307 

98 

570 

307 

536 

98 

5 

45 

3 
22 

33 
12 

8 

8 

IPA2 
8 369 
1 146 

180 
605 
178 
183 

488 

179 
309 

877 

877 

HUMA 

EDF 
9 755 
1 148 

OTH 
335 
298 

Total 
42 834 
6 755 

514 
291 
72 
270 

74 
141 
23 
60 

1 433 
2 968 
1 275 
1 080 

2 153 

13 

4 481 

1 597 
556 

352 

352 

764 

764 

9 
4 

3 145 
1 306 
30 

1 131 

1 131 

2 623 

2 623 

4 411 

2 479 

2 085 

1 174 

1 888 

2 086 

3 229 

4 397 

15 

21 762 

478 
3 933 

1 392 

1 392 

1 461 
138 

138 

59 

59 

552 
1 928 

10 
2 075 

977 

130 

977 

130 

700 

1 073 
177 

177 

137 

137 

605 

628 

617 

320 
285 

242 

242 

3 
80 
534 
12 

163 
454 

28 

28 

309 
309 

1 174 

1 762 
125 

5 

5 

1 509 
577 

306 

306 

306 

179 
3 050 

2 629 

2 629 

1 972 
1 187 

1 187 
28 

28 

417 

44 
52 
282 
39 

2 

2 

558 
3 839 

941 

941 

4 038 
1 441 

1 441 

141 

141 

2 016 

20 
786 
517 
619 
74 

3 
12 

9 

9 

842 

5 050 
16 712 
6 082 

6 082 

10 392 
2 942 

2 942 
366 

366 

3 

4 592 

3 

67 
1 400 
2 075 
669 
74 
306 

94 

838 

1 203 

94 

838 

1 203 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

418 

131 

55 

418 

131 

55 

1 073 
333 

1 700 
803 

1 121 
1 061 

302 
13 
18 

660 
138 
5 

371 

660 
11 

370 

226 

31 
339 

6 
221 

4 003 
259 

1 549 
526 

259 

526 

820 

3 745 

1 023 

118 

3 745 

1 023 

118 

841 
24 
196 

28 

28 

33 

33 

938 
820 

533 
531 

531 

1 

8 
8 

1 

8 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

371 

671 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

916 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Action relating to debt 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

916 

916 

1 257 

1 138 

1 138 

119 

119 

440 
357 

357 

82 

82 

838 
218 

218 

620 

620 

96 
18 

59 

18 

65 

65 

18 

59 

18 

65 

12 

12 

12 

23 
20 

3 

20 

3 

9 
1 

8 

1 

8 

337 

337 

1 631 
1 102 

1 098 
4 

452 

452 

77 

52 
26 

1 571 
217 

217 

1 354 

1 354 
40 

40 

40 

267 
3 

11 907 
145 

346 

346 

4 326 
3 261 

3 016 
148 
96 

638 

638 

427 

7 
420 

4 911 
999 

1 

54 
20 

34 

936 
25 

1 289 

1 

1 289 

20 

9 917 
6 578 

5 937 
328 
314 

2 171 

2 148 
23 

1 167 

95 
1 072 

13 930 
2 864 

999 

25 

2 864 

3 911 

911 

11 066 

3 911 

3 731 
615 

615 

3 116 

3 116 

948 
66 

911 

50 

50 

162 

50 

162 

162 

11 066 
6 108 
1 365 

1 365 

4 743 

4 743 

14 654 
241 

241 

13 953 

13 953 
460 

460 

92 
92 

92 

3 

145 

66 

78 

11 763 

745 

78 

11 763 

745 

186 

186 

137 

137 

92 
92 

92 

373 
114 

114 

259 

259 

510 
512 

-3 

512 

-3 

77 
77 

77 

157 
60 

97 

60 

97 

12 
10 

2 

10 

2 

67 
14 

53 

14 

53 

571 
340 

340 

231 

235 
78 

157 

1 460 
1 017 

2 255 
2 080 

6 221 
4 659 

78 

1 017 

2 080 

4 659 

444 

175 

1 562 

231 

157 

444 

175 

1 562 

17 596 

11 550 

8 139 

510 

1 255 

2 170 

318 

2 153 

14 421 

12 142 

29 259 

4 635 

104 147 

310 
310 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graph Table 24A 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Commitments 

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

OTH

ADMIN

Commodity aid and general programme assistance
Humanitarian aid
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

Economic infrastructure and services
Multisector/Cross-cutting
Production sectors

311 
311 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

N 

N 

N 

Table 24B  Sectoral breakdown per instrument - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Sector of Destination 

Social infrastructure and services 

Education 

Basic education 
Education, level unspecified 
Post-secondary education 
Secondary education 

Health 

Basic health 
Health, general 
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

Water and sanitation 

Water and sanitation 

Government and civil society 

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 
Government and civil society, general 
Other social infrastructure and services 

Other social infrastructure and services 

Economic infrastructure and services 

Transport and storage 

Transport and storage 

Communications 

Communications 

Energy 

Energy generation, non-renewable sources 
Energy generation, renewable sources 
Energy policy 
Heating, cooling and energy distribution 
Hybrid energy plants 
Nuclear energy plants 

Banking and financial services 

Banking and financial services 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 
3 779 
994 

5 479 
1 475 

137 
51   

EIDHR 
1 015 
6 

4 
1 

2014-2020 
INSC 
2 
2 

ICSP 
1 792 
51 

CFSP 
1 989 

32 
1 
10   
8   

17   

17   

2   

32   

2   

34   

18 
18   

32 

34 

18 

ENI 
7 495 
1 696 

304 
728 
476 
190 

323 
668 
197 
287 

426 

631 

117 
305 
4   

31 

454 
176 

26 

31 

26 

523 

356 

523 

356 

317 
3 174 

1 328 

1 328 

1 513 
208 

208 

67 

67 

625 
1 656 

708 

708 

568 
92 

77 

92   

77   

691 

258 

12 
262 
352 
65 

2   
68   
173   
16   

182   
346   
364   
102   

756 

647   
108   
2   

164 

164   

84 

84   

24   
1 512   

245 

245   

393 
3   

3   

335  

3   

3 

215 
112 
7 

3 491 

2 281 

1 536 

262 

262 

75 

75   

19  

19 

312 
312 

2 

18   
24   

9 

66 
14 

12 

15 

2 

80 

1 

12 

15 

1 001 

1 594 

1 989 

2 052 

9 
993 

6 

6 

1 294 
299 

40 

40 

12 
2   

3   

8   

2 

3 

356 

356 

22 

3   

5 

333 

1 398 
590 

138 
1 914 

820 

820 

1 237 
693 

693 

55 

177 

55 

11 
14 
113 
33 

18 

7 

18 

IPA2 
4 971 
1 253 

60 
1 040 
134 
19 

432 

422 
10 

8 

8 

407 

407 

HUMA 

EDF 
10 624 
1 071 

OTH 
420 
293 

Total 
37 701 
6 892 

405 
389 
86 
190 

50 
145 
35 
63 

1 377 
3 342 
1 304 
868 

2 471 

18 

4 833 

2 018 
424 
29   

148 

148 

1 177 

1 177 

4 312 

505 
3 806 

1 446 

1 446 

4 084 
2 656 

2 656 
75 

75 

1 144 

22   
379 
322 
410   
11   

2 

19 

79 

10 

894 
12 

8 

14 

7 
11 

2 

19 

4 
75 

10 

12 

8 

5 
9 

3 750 
1 048 
36 

391 

391 

2 583 

2 583 

18 367 

4 314 
14 052 
4 636 

4 636 

9 075 
3 682 

3 682 
290 

290 

2 983 

68 
942 
1 082 
535 
11 
344 

49 

839 

1 263 

49 

839 

1 263 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Business and other services 

Business and other services 

Production sectors 

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

Agriculture 
Fishing 
Forestry 

285 

285 

1 305 
403 

361 
14 
28 

65 

33 

65 

33 

1 472 
857 

1 012 
947 

745 
51 
61 

Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

611 

299 

Industry 
Mineral resources and mining 

Trade and tourism 

Tourism 
Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustment 

Multisector/Cross-cutting 

General environmental protection 

General environmental protection 

Other multisector 

Other multisector 

Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

Developmental food assistance 

General budget support 

General budget support 

Humanitarian aid 

Disaster preparedness 

Disaster preparedness 

Emergency response 

Emergency response 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

Administrative costs of donors 

Administrative costs of donors 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

Unallocated / Unspecified 

597 
14   

291 

17 
274 

1 504 
180 

180 

1 324 

1 324 

1 003 
5 

5 

999 

999 

867 
12 

787 

12   

787   

68 

68   

398 
356 

356 

42 

42   

299 

316 

14 
302 

1 120 
321 

321 

798 

798 

668 
153 

153   

515 

515   

156 
16   

62   

78   

16   

62   

78   

39 

39 

39   

1 
1 

235 
200  

194 

5 

24 

11 

2 

31 

24  

11  

33 
2   

31  

151 

702   
50   
195   

20   
4   

15   
28   

23 

42 

1 003 
779 

779   

225 

225   

526 
522  

522 

3   

46 
28  

17  

1   

150 

150 

3   

28 

17 

1 

497 
497  

497   

69 
68  

68   

322 
114  

208  

114   

208 

16 
1   

1 

13  

13 

2   

2 

71 
10  

10 

61  

61 

25 
25  

25 

95 
16  

16 

44  

44 

35  

35 

84 
59  

21  

59   

21   

1 

1 

293 

293 

1 298 
1 106 

1 103 
2 

118 

105 

74 

23 
51 

2 273 
348 

348 

1 925 

1 925 
57 
1 

1 

56 

56 

604 
25 

3 614 
461 

461 

3 153 

3 153 

690 
188 

31 

30 

78 

11 958 
272 

6 075 
1 168 

1 168 

4 907 

30 

4 907 

25 

272 

188 

359 

11 686 

440 

359 

11 686 

440 

78 

78 

220 

220 

395 
320 

320 

75 

194 
74 

120 

63 

63 

833 
781 

2 281 
2 083 

74 

781 

2 083 

53 

199 

75 

120 

53 

199 

13 
9   

4   

9   

4   

44 
12  

12 

32  

32 

14 496 
557 

557 

13 473 

13 473 
465 

465 

5 169 
4 373 

4 373 
792 

792 

160 

160 

2 934 
2 221 

2 051 
102   
68   

211 

172 
29 

20 

59 
18 

857 

20 

857 

17 

8 335 
5 753 

5 176 
220 
358 

7 

1 309 

6 
1 

1 223 
61 

501 

35 

1 273 

8   
494 

1 776 
601 

34 

863 
70 

79 
1 195 

8 643 
2 312 

601 

70 

2 312 

1 175 

793 

6 332 

1 175 

793 

6 332 

14 085 

9 502 

7 081 

1 070 

1 087 

2 095 

372 

2 032 

10 836 

12 152 

24 555 

4 627 

89 496 

313 
313 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graph Table 24B 

Disbursements 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

OTH

ADMIN

Commodity aid and general programme assistance
Humanitarian aid
Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified
Social infrastructure and services

Economic infrastructure and services
Multisector/Cross-cutting
Production sectors

314 
314 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 25A  Breakdown by country and instrument - Commitments 

Commitments 

Country / Region 

ENI 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 

EIDHR 

2014 - 2020 
INSC 

ICSP 

CFSP 

IPA2 

HUMA 

EDF 

OTH 

Total 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development  
Assistance) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 
Benin 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 

17 345 
16 810 
3 372 
3 372 
17 
184 

1 384 

472 

0 
1 

10 
1 305 
4 092 

11 559 
11 559 

8 058 
7 655 
260 

1 188 
1 183 
0 

2 331 
2 331 
248 

306 
306 
135 

2 197 
2 197 
814 

14 193 
14 193 
13 907 

12 050 
12 050 
3 136 

31 690 
30 951 
2 

3 044 
3 021 
166 

103 961 
102 256 
22 040 

248 

135 

814 

1 
5   
27 
7   

5   

2 

43 
48 
577 

260   

0 

247 

7 

0 
0 

5 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0   
0   

0 
0 

89 
119 

3   
126 

1 040 

1 101 

4 

714 

6 

25 
25 
4 067   
232   
416   
97   
1 283   
315   
1 725   

786 
786 

253 

674   
674 
5 
0 
0 
0 

5 
421 

315 
315 

2 

2   

4 

47   
47 
99 
1   

90   

3   
6   
568 

47 
4 

0 

0   

0 
4 

0 
0 

13 907 
776   

574   
2 760   
576   

270   
661   
1 444 
70   
6 775 

3 136 

2 

166 
0 

0 
123 

40 

4 

2 900 
231 

4 240 

452 
452 
118   
27   

8   

83   

3 670 

0 
0 

2 

837 

25 918 
5 750 
5 750 

0 
0 

2 
0 

6 
6 
4 

3 
0 
827 

20 168 
162 
385 
22 
740 
330 

22 040 
792 
190 
622 
4 590 
1 161 
519 
270 
662 
1 450 
72 
9 786 
1 927 
38 658 
7 755 
7 755 
4 431 
259 
416 
311 
1 285 
404 
1 755 
26 473 
162 
385 
22 
787 
334 

1 

145 

708 

15   
15 
135 

117 

18 
558 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Mozambique 
Namibia 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Seychelles 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
Southern Africa, regional 
St. Helena 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

8 
83 
24 

34 

1 

32 
1 
2 

7 

19 
0 
11 
1 

1 

42 

18 

55 
27 
3 

6 

19 
29 

31 
6 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

18 

7 

157 

186 

16 

19 
112 
150 

19 
255 
6 
285 

497 

24 

2 

7 
2 
38 

11 

11 
14 

1 

104   
320 
464 
598 
28 
88 
765 
147 
71 
264 
75 
958 
7 
280 
475 
285 
138 
346 
294 
261 
132 
313 
594 
565 
795 
183 
33 
989 
68 
820 
593 
496 
42 
496 
2 
418 
583 

5 

0 

5 

0 

1 

5 

1 245 
15 
18   

423 

2 762 
69 

805 
2 

22   
285   
606   
246 

1 

110 
347 
691 
775 
28 
107 
1 080 
159 
356 
264 
75 
1 496 
8 
287 
481 
293 
142 
403 
294 
274 
133 
319 
609 
567 
1 038 
192 
40 
1 026 
72 
1 089 
642 
508 
42 
508 
5 
418 
1 240 
251 

5 085 
115 
18 
22 
747 
616 
257 

6   

15 
4 

0 
14 
7 

0 
9 

5 
5 

4 
9 

6 
8 

6 
8 
7 
5 
4 
12 
8 
9 

5 
3 

7 

232 

9 

10 

316 
316 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

America 

America 

America, regional 

America (North & Central America) 

Antigua And Barbuda 
Belize 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Montserrat 
Nicaragua 
North & Central America, regional 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 
West Indies, regional 
America (South America) 

Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Suriname 
Venezuela 

Asia 

Asia 

Asia, regional 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

13   

69   
69 
62 

24 

5 

0 
13 
5 
5 

0 
10 

67 

7 
4 

5 
43 
8 

2 357 

198 

602 
602 
842 

11   
2   
54 

143   

152 

225 

1   

149 
104 

914 

267 
0 
209   
67   

170   
95 
105 

0 

0 
0 

3 
3 
0 

4 

2   

1 

10   
10 
27 

99 

1 

0 

1 
11 
2 

4 

7 
1 

63 

2 
5 
42 
3 

10 

1 

0   

0 
0 

0 
0   

0   
0   
0   

90 

599   
16 
493 
343 

614 
106 
493 
344 

6 

409 

1 228 

7 

4 306 

209   
209 
85 

4   
19 

62 

115 

21   

25   

69 

1 176 
8   
27   
206   

4   
33   
99   

6   

502   

66   

19   

1 
14   
14   
179   
52 

37   

15 

3 

1 

2 

4 

3 

1 

892 
892 
2 195 
8 
27 
206 
11 
3 
83 
33 
104 
143 
6 
159 
544 
232 
71 
5 
19 
156 
180 
14 
14 
179 
1 220 
0 
276 
9 
276 
70 
37 
170 
100 
189 
23 
70 

6 

5 917 

8 137 

344 

1 

554 

70 

517 

3 721 

99 

61 

19 420 

2 
2 

594 
594 
1 407 
401 

83   
83 
27 
12 

317 
317 

0 

30 

3 

283   
283 
39 

99 

5 
5 
5 

967 
967 
1 611 
413 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
China 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Laos 
Malaysia 
Mongolia 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Middle East, regional 
Syria 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Maldives 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South & Central Asia, regional 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 

Oceania 

Oceania 

Cook Islands 
Fiji 
Kiribati 
Marshall Islands 
Micronesia, Fed. States 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

762   
474   
15 
1 690   
1 762   

1 211 

254   
103   

127 
728   

0   
110 
13 
207 
3 
70 
232 
33 

338 
889 
34 
546 

61 

247   
5 247 
1 665 

701 
52 
295 

0   
177   

671 
360   
608 
33   
83 
191 
244 
16 
151 

10 

5 

10 
31 

0 
22 
5 
0 

166 
34 
9 

18 
5 
54 
1 
0 

5 
13 

4 

15 
8 
0 

23 

23   

3 

318 
318 

113 

40 
5 
49 
11 
300 
152 

8 
139 

11 

17 
3 

64 
29   
64   
18   
126   
40   
22   
162 
47   

11   

3 
15   
5   

15   
3   
8   
7   
21   

3 
18 
6 

3 

3   

21   
2 

44 

14   

29 

1 

4 

4   

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

1 
0 
0   

0 
0 

1 
0 
0 
0 

0 

2 

3 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

49 

33 
0 

15 

1 

5 
131 
16 
207 
3 
70 
272 
51 
104 
340 
8 985 
65 
1 261 
976 
538 
155 
3 140 
2 047 
802 
7 857 
1 989 
316 
103 
828 
62 
598 
917 
11 
0 
207 
8 
711 
413 
816 
34 
207 
216 
249 
16 
154 

99 

23 
15 

2 

506 
185 

1 315 
196 
521 
676 
91 
39 

99 
5 
82 

6 

20 
46 
182 

106 

8 

651 

686 

8 

1 

651   
1 
45 
23 
11 
16 

686 
1 
49 
23 
11 
16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 174 

716 

91 

131 

286 

538 

3 053 

1 942 

17 114 

1 174 
1 174 

716 
716 

91 
91 

131 
131 

22 

22 
22 

286 
286 

538 
538 

3 053 
3 053 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

4   

Micronesia, regional 
Nauru 
Niue 
Oceania, regional 
Palau 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 
Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

17 

3 

3 429 

25 

5 730 

3 429 
3 429 

25 
25 

5 730 
5 730 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 
Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies 
/ PPPs 
Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

33 

33 

33 

33 

503 
498 

498 

FAO 
IMO-TCF 
OHCHR 
UN Habitat 
UNCCD 
UNCTAD 
UNECE 
UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNRWA 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of 
Wild Flora and Fauna 
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization 
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 
International Tropical Timber Organisation 

2 

5 

5 

5 

4 
4 

4 

4 

403 
15 

15 

10 

1 
4 

388 

388 

40 
348 

319 
319 

2 
0 
271 
3 
158 
20 
22 
14 
7 
39 
20 

4 

3 

4 
2 
0 
288 
3 
162 
23 
22 
14 
7 
41 
20 

1 942 
1 942 
10 

10 
10 

17 114 
17 114 
31 

31 
31 

42 

42 

42 

42 

22 
14 

1 663 
531 

9 

9 

9 

9 

730 

14 
2 

1 
3 
1 
2 
4 

9 

0 

5 

531 
2 
10 
4 
2 
1 
3 
1 
3 
8 
496 

1 132 

1 132 

0 
270 
853 
5 

730 

730 

9 

230 
500 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal 
Protocol 
OECD Development Centre 
World Customs Organization Customs Co-operation Fund 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible countries) 

Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Croatia 
Cyprus 
Greenland 
Poland 
Russia 
Slovak Republic 

Africa 

Africa (South of Sahara) 
Seychelles (MADCT) 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Anguilla 
Aruba 
Barbados 
British Virgin Islands 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
St. Kitts-Nevis 
Trinidad And Tobago 
Turks & Caicos Islands 
America (South America) 

Falkland Islands 

Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 

Taiwan 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Israel 

Oceania 

Oceania 

French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

67 
67 

0 
0 

52 
52 
0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

11 

0 

11 
11 

0 

0 

4 

4 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
2 

0 
0 
2 

41 
41 

43 
35 
0 

223 
223 

1 434 
1 403 
459 

1 860 
1 820 
459 

0 

0 

459 
0 
243 
216 
0 
0 

459 
0 
243 
216 
0 
0 
0 

10 

10 
10 

149 

143 
17 
13 
7 
2 
27 
27 
14 
5 
14 
18 
6 
6 

10 

10 
10 

145 

139 
17 
13 
7 
2 
27 
27 
14 
5 
10 
18 
6 
6 

0 

0 

11 

0 
0 

64 

2 

0 
0 

2 

2 

65 

0 
0 
11 
11 

65 
31 
31 
4 

1 125 

1 125 
1 125 

942 

942 
942 

55 

0 

48 

55 
55 

0 
0 

48 
48 

41 

35 

41 
41 

35 
35 

64 
31 
31 
2 

4 
4 

4 

320 
320 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

UNECE 
UNEP 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Council of Europe 
Other multilateral institution 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Sub Total PI+PII 

Sub Total PI+PII 
ODA Countries Other Flows 

ODA Countries Other Flows 
NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 
Administrative Costs Ex-BA lines - Heading 4 
Administrative Costs - Heading 4 * 

TOTAL COMMITED AMOUNT (w/o Adm 5 Heading) 
Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

TOTAL COMMITED AMOUNT 

31 
3 

40 
3 

3 
0 
2 

29 

37 

29 
0 
29 

3 

3 

3 
0 
2 

37 
0 
37 

65 

65 
105 886 
105 886 
3 746 

3 746 
322 

322 

1 609 

1 609 
107 818 
2 163 

2 163 
109 981 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

9 

9 

9   

9 

62 

62   

17 474 

17 474 
119 

119 

13 

13 

362 

362   

17 849 

11 559 

8 109 

0 

1 188 

2 331 

306 

2 238 

14 236 

12 050 

31 913 

4 481 

11 559 
10 

1 

10 

1 

8 109   
37 

4 

117 

37   

4 

117 

11 560 

8 230 

-3 

514 

511 

1 188 
11 

11 

2 331 
221 

221   

-3   

77 

67 

514 

77 

67 

306 

2 

10 

2 

10 

2 238 
48 

48 

5 

4 

5 

4 

14 236 
176 

176 

72 

72 

337 

337 

1 265 

2 398 

318 

2 247 

14 646 

12 050 
5 

5 

18 

18 

78 

31 913 
2 631 

2 631 
200 

200 

78   

12 147 

32 113 

4 481 
489 

489 

10 

44 

10 

44 

4 535 
2 163 

2 163 

17 849 

11 560 

8 230 

511 

1 265 

2 398 

318 

2 247 

14 646 

12 147 

32 113 

6 698 

321 
321 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Commitments 

Graph Table 25A 

Africa

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

America

America (North & Central America)

America (South America)

Asia

Asia (Far East Asia)

Asia (Middle East Asia)

Asia (South & Central Asia)

Developing countries, unspecified

Europe

Oceania

Other

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

ADMIN

322 
322 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 25B  Breakdown by country and instrument - Disbursements 

Disbursements 

Country / Region 

ENI 

DCI_GEO  DCI_THEMA  DCI_OTHER 

EIDHR 

2014 - 2020 
INSC 

ICSP 

CFSP 

IPA2 

HUMA 

EDF 

OTH 

Total 

Part I: Developing Countries and Territories (Official Development  
Assistance) 
Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Albania 
Belarus 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Croatia 
Europe, regional 
Kosovo 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
North Macedonia 
Russia 
Serbia 
States Ex-Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Algeria 
Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Angola 
Benin 
Botswana 

12 067 
12 067 
2 594 

24 555 
23 825 
2 

2 554 
2 539 
106 

85 918 
84 195 
17 593 

13 727 
13 197 
2 957 
2 957 
0 
150 

1 029 

512 

0 
1 
0 

13 
1 251 
3 978 

9 502 
9 500 
0 

6 968 
6 566 
295 

573 
573 
0 

1 017 
991 
128 

2 037 
2 035 
285 

363 
349 
198 

2 029 
2 029 
788 

0 

0 

295 

10   

254 

7 

0 

0 

7 
16 

0 

0 

128 
4   
9 
7 

43 
14 
5   
4   
4   

8 
0   
22 
8 

285 

198 

788 

3 
8   

92 
6   

0   

82 
95 

9   

29 

44 

21 
591 

1   
159 

1 

131 

10 525 
10 523 
10 239 

10 239 
555 

538 
0   
1 263   
467   

239   
525 

1 121 
11   
5 521 

2 594 
0   
1   
12   

13 

16 

2 393 
159 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

619 

2 519 

435 

337 

768 

10 

598 

4 470 

20 856 

856 

37 
37 
3 941   
289   
654   
75   
1 455   
298   
1 169   
0 

362 
362 

257 

18 
18 
43 
5 
14 
3 
6 
1 
14 
276 
5 
4 
2 

1 
1 

434 

592 
592 
50   
6   
8   
8   
12   
5   
12   
1 877 
22 
14 
0 

323 
323 

23 
23 
83 
1   
2 
73   
0 
0   
7   
662 

0 
0 
3 

1   

1   

7 

12   
12 
106 

94 

13 
480 

24 
24 
137 
63   
20   
53   

1   
4 309 

2 

1 714 
1 714 
0 

0 

19 142 
211 
418 
69 

106 
1 
0 
1 

79 

20 
0 
0 

1 

3 
0 

6 
6 
5 

1 
4 
0 
845 

17 593 
561 
181 
610 
0 
2 811 
1 078 
545 
243 
542 
1 
1 146 
13 
8 042 
1 821 

35 446 

2 789 
2 789 
4 368 
363 
700 
305 
1 475 
309 
1 216 
28 289 
238 
438 
71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cabo Verde 
Cameroon 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Congo 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eastern Africa, regional 
Equatorial Guinea 
Eritrea 
Eswatini 
Ethiopia 
Gabon 
Gambia 
Ghana 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Kenya 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mauritius 
Middle Africa, regional 
Mozambique 
Namibia 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Sao Tome and Principe 
Senegal 
Seychelles 
Sierra Leone 
Somalia 
South Africa 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 
Southern Africa, regional 
St. Helena 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0 

0 
11 

3 

16 

0 

3 

27 
1 
4 

1 
1 

2 
1 

50   
36 
13 
37 
69 
42 
6 
23 
124 
12 
6 

5 
9 
38 
4 
15 
21 
14 
30 
25 
23 
58 
2 
23 
30 
33 
29 
26 
6 

38 
4 
37 
19 
21 
6 
34 
2 
32 
38 
17 
521 
38 
0 

22 

5 

36 

4 

34 
0 
4 

7 
6 

46 

2 
0 

5 
9 
0 
5 
4 
5 
3 
4 
13 
1 

1 
6 
2 
3 
4 
2 
6 
5 
4 
6 
7 
11 
1 
9 
10 
7 
11 
4 
0 

10 
2 
3 
15 
4 
1 
6 
0 
7 
8 
6 
8 
6 

31   
6 

9 
79 
25 

47 

1 

0 

33 
1 
2 

19 
1 
27 
12 
3 
1 
0 
3 

28 
3 

9 

59 
30 
2 

8 

1 
42 

24 

177 

259 

324 
324 

0 

15 

14 
5 

0 

0 

145 

169 

117 

207 
23 

151 
163 
304 
1 
1 
383 
9 

2 
333 

1 
1 
16 
1 
18 
62 
69 
4 
8 
25 
15 
251 
80 
1 

29 
0 
265 
262 
4 

28 

27 
461 
1 

568 

841 
288 
114 
272 
449 
551 
42 
84 
669 
110 
82 

41 
83 
968 
33 
196 
492 
388 
118 
452 
209 
300 
72 
255 
420 
471 
840 
223 
57 
2 
470 
99 
898 
798 
493 
31 
404 
3 
419 
532 

2 716 
314 
1 
29 

0 
2 

0 

0 

8 
0 

1 

2 

5 
0 
1 
0 
0 

0 
0 
1 

0 

0 

3 
0 
2 

1 134 
365 
128 
506 
778 
927 
51 
120 
1 257 
137 
89 
1 
53 
149 
1 376 
42 
215 
527 
444 
153 
594 
314 
448 
80 
295 
498 
533 
1 304 
337 
111 
2 
560 
107 
1 430 
1 125 
522 
38 
479 
5 
489 
1 197 
464 
4 226 

953 
1 
29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Uganda 
Western Africa, regional 
Zambia 
Zimbabwe 

America 

America 

America, regional 

America (North & Central America) 

Antigua And Barbuda 
Belize 
Caribbean, regional 
Central America, regional 
Costa Rica 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Haiti 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Montserrat 
Nicaragua 
North & Central America, regional 
Panama 
St. Lucia 
St.Vincent & Grenadines 
West Indies, regional 
America (South America) 

Argentina 
Bolivia 
Brazil 
Chile 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Guyana 
Paraguay 
Peru 
South America, regional 
Suriname 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

1 

2 

61   
24 
21   
61   
2   
20   
38 

4 

7 
8 
2 
10 

6   
11 

28   
4 
1 
1 
3 

4 

5 

3 

271 
71 

136 

2 
26 

236 
537 
251 
472 
9   
275   
336 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

602 
655 
275 
681 
14 
303 
421 

2 223 

587 

109 

158 

118 

7 

3 

440 

1 289 

102 

5 035 

5 
5 
76 
0   
1   
0   

1 
0   

6 
10 

9 
12 
9   
2   
10 

8 
6 
1   
0   

1 
76 
4   
8 
9 
1   
14 
4 
4   
6   
16 
5 
1 

0   
0 
49 

1   

3   
2   

1   
22   

3 

6   
9   

3   
69 

3   
1 

49   
2   

1   
11 

2 

2 

5 

4   

1 

3 

151 
151 
986 

17 

3   
24 
44 
5   
7 
101 
0   
125 

258 
39 
25 

171 
133 
29 
3 
3 

1 086 
20 
263 
12 
15 
260 
100 
0 
113 
109 
180 
3 

79 

31 

7   
8 

20 

8 
6   
0 
30 

25 

5 

51   
51 
243 
0   
3 
13   

2   
33   

11 
15   

13   
51   
20   
2 
13   

29   
32   
1   
0 
0 
2 
293 
7   
34   
54   
7   
51   
30   
3 
6   
26   
51   
5 

325 
325 

192 
3 

3 

5   
9 
2 
9 
12   

27   
96 
10   
0 
5   

9   
3 
0   

1 

249 
3   
14   
3   
0   
93   
15   

5   
11   
1   

1 203 
7   
18   
133   

4   
36   
158 

10   

527 

127   

19   

31 

24   
22   
86   
86 

71   

15 

23 
23 
13 

0 

0 
1 

1 
0 

7 

0 
2 
0 

66 
5 
0 
14 
9 
11 
1 

0 

26 

230 
230 
2 843 
10 
69 
150 
3 
33 
90 
50 
202 
141 
10 
175 
708 
297 
190 
65 
19 
223 
216 
32 
35 
32 
92 
1 962 
38 
322 
96 
33 
478 
153 
103 
131 
163 
277 
28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uruguay 
Venezuela 

Asia 

Asia 

Asia, regional 
Asia (Far East Asia) 

Cambodia 
China 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 
Far East Asia, regional 
Indonesia 
Laos 
Malaysia 
Mongolia 
Philippines 
Thailand 
Timor-Leste 
Viet Nam 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Iran 
Iraq 
Israel 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Middle East, regional 
Syria 
West Bank and Gaza Strip 
Yemen 

Asia (South & Central Asia) 

Afghanistan 
Armenia 
Azerbaïjan 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan 
Central Asia, regional 
Georgia 
India 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyz Republic 
Maldives 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Pakistan 
South & Central Asia, regional 
South Asia, regional 
Sri Lanka 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

10 
0 

4 
16 

1 
3 

3 

104 

15 
126 

4 938 

6 624 

1 012 

264 

633 

103 

545 

4 156 

103 

149 

18 527 

2 
2 

3 811 

0   
704 
402   
103 
949 
1 652   

1 126 

330   
126 

6 
663   

1 

1 

124 
124 
1 321 
332 
87 
0 
76 
143 
138 
6 
66 
152 
36 

282 
577 
11 
330 

3 

5 
0 

227 
4 603 
1 741 

0 
546 
54 
122 

178 
36 
198 
4 
465 
273 
553 
12 
15 
127 

147   
147 
235 
44 
14 
34 
10 
22 
27 
1 
7 
22 
23 
11 
19 
202 
14 
17 

6 
12 
56 
27 
33 
37 
429 
24 
13 
4 
78 
9 
15 
13 
41 
4 
7 
0 
72 
24 
40 
9 
55 
10 

326 
326 

6 
6 
60 
11   
10   
0   
1 
7   
6 
2   
2   
6 
3 
6 
7   
64 
2 
5 

7 
11 
7 
12 
13 
7 
134 
18 
6   
5 
8 
0   
5 
8 
14 
4   
5 
1 
13 
10 
14 
1 
2 
12 

5   
5 
32 

9 

0   

21 
2   
0   

389 
0 
48 

27 
92   
21   
126   
54   
20   
207 
43   

1   
12   

35 
18 
2   

9 
3   
13   
7   
29   
4   
7 
17 

17 

8 

1 
1 

2 
1 

3 
15 
5   
7 

3   

71 

18   

43 
2 

5 

0 

112 

37 
4 
49 
9 
334 
189 

9 
137 

0   
0 
105 
9   

1   

6 
6   

1   
61   
13   

9   
3 262   
60   
658   
6   
313   
472   
2   
1 047   
169   
534   
789 
270   
8   

156   
1   

2   
18   
4   
2   

110   
36   
174   

3 

103 

0 

103   

0 

0 

27 
27 
33 
0 
19 

7 
3 
0 
2 
0 
1 
1 

0 
7 
0 
3 
0 
0 
1 
3 
0 
0 
0 
81 
0 
2 
0 
0 

1 
33 
17 

15 

0 

0 
2 
10 

311 
311 
1 905 
396 
138 
36 
105 
182 
177 
11 
79 
264 
78 
120 
321 
8 537 
93 
1 181 
7 
1 064 
989 
233 
2 165 
1 969 
835 
7 774 
2 284 
376 
137 
800 
64 
234 
875 
271 
49 
241 
7 
674 
349 
811 
29 
90 
169 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Tajikistan 
Turkmenistan 
Uzbekistan 

Oceania 

Oceania 

Cook Islands 
Fiji 
Kiribati 
Marshall Islands 
Micronesia, Fed. States 
Nauru 
Niue 
Oceania, regional 
Palau 
Papua New Guinea 
Samoa 
Solomon Islands 
Tonga 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatu 
Wallis & Futuna 
Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 
Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies 
/ PPPs 
Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

FAO 
IFAD 
OHCHR 
UNCCD 
UNCTAD 
UNECE 
UNEP 
UNFCCC 
UNHCR 

122 
28 
129 

6   
0 
3 

10 

44 

29 

8 

10 

10 

29 

29 

44 

6 

17 

10 
4 
3 
0 

3 

5 
1   
2 

8 

3 
0   

1   

3   
0   
2 

0 

5 

3 

0   

0 

0 

3   

1 

5   
0 
1 

146 
29 
138 

10 

584 

2 

689 

10 
0 
2 

0 

5 
0 
0 
0 

3 

584 
7 
49 
24   
6   
4   
3   
2   
191 
1   
123   
47 
40 
22 
6 
34 
25 

2 

0 

2 

0 

689 
7 
100 
24 
6 
4 
3 
2 
211 
1 
141 
51 
46 
23 
6 
40 
25 

1 324 

22 

2 110 

1 324 
1 324 

22 
22 

2 110   
2 110 

28 

28 

2 

374 
2 

24 

24 

24 

24 

505 
500 

500   

28 

28 

2   

0 

1 
1 

327 
327 

95 

231 

33 

79 

279 

396 

991 

1 320 

6 879 

279 
279 

396 
396 

991 
991 

5 

2 

2 

5   
5 

2 

2 

18 

18 

18 

18 

712 

16 

79 
79 

16 
16 

95 
95 

231 
231 

33 
33 

0 

1 

1 

1 
1 

0   
0 

1 

1 

1   

14 

2 

2 

25 
25 

2 

2 

25 

25 

1 320 
1 320 
4 

4 
4 

6 879 
6 879 
25 

25 
25 

75 

75 

75 

75 

15 
9 

1 648 
536 

9 
2 

1 
3 
0 
0 
3 

536 
2 
0 
25 
1 
3 
0 
1 
3 
1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

UNRWA 
WHO-CVCA 

500   

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs) AND CIVIL SOCIETY   

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs) AND CIVIL 
SOCIETY 

NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs) AND CIVIL 
SOCIETY 

Regional Development Bank 

Regional Development Bank 

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development - 
technical co-operation and special funds (ODA-eligible 
countries only 
World Trade Organisation 

World Trade Organisation 

World Trade Organisation - International Trade Centre 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Association of South East Asian Nations: Economic Co- 
operation 
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of 
Wild Flora and Fauna 
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization 
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 
International Tropical Timber Organisation 
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal 
Protocol 
OECD Development Centre 
World Customs Organization Customs Co-operation Fund 

Part II: Countries and Territories in Transition (NON-ODA eligible  
countries) 
Bilateral 

Europe 

Europe 

Bulgaria 
Croatia 
Cyprus 
Czech Republic 
Estonia 
Greenland 
Hungary 
Iceland 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Malta 
Poland 
Romania 
Russia 

14 

14 

14 

0 

372 

24 
348 

5 

2 

372 

2 

2 

5 

5 

114 
114 
60 

19 
19 

60 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
1 
0 
1 

57 

47 
47 

38 
38 
13 

13 

15 
15 

46 
46 

6 
6 
6 

6 

41 
41 
26 

26 

0 

0 

0 

0 

328 
328 

0 

500 
0 

0 

0 

0 

14 

14 

0 
0 

14 

0 

1 098 

1 098 

2 

0 
221 
868 
4 

0 
0 
2 

0 

7 

0 
0 

7 

0 

4 

0 
0 
2 

712 

712 

197 
515 

329 
320 
292 

292 
28 
147 

0 
3 

0 

34 
78 

6 
6 

286 
285 
0 

644 
612 
402 

1 591 
1 549 
799 

0 

402 

0 

0 
182 
0 
0 
207 
0 

0 
0 
12 

799 
29 
148 
182 
0 
0 
207 
0 
3 
1 
1 
0 
36 
78 
113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Slovak Republic 
Slovenia 

Africa 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

Mayotte 
Seychelles (MADCT) 

America 

America (North & Central America) 

Anguilla 
Aruba 
Bahamas 
Barbados 
British Virgin Islands 
Curaçao 
Netherlands Antilles 
Saint Pierre And Miquelon 
Sint Maarten 
St. Kitts-Nevis 
Trinidad And Tobago 
Turks & Caicos Islands 
America (South America) 

Chile (MADCT) 
Falkland Islands 
Uruguay (MADCT) 

Asia 

Asia (Far East Asia) 

Hong Kong, China 
Korea 
Macau, China 
Singapore 
Taiwan 

Asia (Middle East Asia) 

Bahrain 
Israel 
Saudi Arabia 
United Arab Emirates 

Oceania 

Oceania 

Cook Islands (MADCT) 
French Polynesia 
New Caledonia 
Pitcairn Islands 
Developing countries 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

47 

2 

47 

1   

29   

10   
8 

1 

1 
0 

1 

0 
0 

0 

13 

16 

13   
11 
3 

0 
0 

16 
11 
5 

180 

8 

267 

173   
20 
13 
1 
23 
2 
5 
24 
33 
0 
8 
15 
30 
7 

7   

244 
20 
13 
1 
55 
2 
5 
24 
33 
0 
27 
34 
30 
23 
13 
7 
4 

8 

0 

12 

0 

0 

6 

35 

101 

0   
0 
0 

0 
12 
1   
11   

0 

29 
1 
24 
0 
2 
2 
6 

0 
2 
4 

2 

2 

29 
1 
24 
0 
2 
2 
71 
1 
64 
2 
4 

90 
2 
53 
29 
7 

0 
0 

90 

0 

0 

6 

88 

2 

88 
2 
53 
29 
5 

0   

2 

10 

19 

19 

0 

1 

10   
8 

0 

0 

41 

6 

41 

0 

0   

0 

2   

2 

3 

1 

2 

7 
4 

3 

6 

329 
329 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Other 

Other 

MADCT Unallocated 

13 

0 

7 

1 

15 

0 

46 

28 

13 
13 

0 
0 

7 
7 

1 
1 

15 
15 

0 
0 

46 
46 

28 
28 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / PPPs 
Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies / 
PPPs 

Bilateral, core contributions to NGOs and other private bodies 
/ PPPs 
Multilateral (inflows) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

United Nations agency, fund or commission (UN) 

UNECE 
UNEP 

University, college or other teaching institution, research institute 
or think-tank 

University, college or other teaching institution, research 
institute or think-tank 

University, college or other teaching institution, research 
institute or think-tank 

Other multilateral institution 

Other multilateral institution 

Council of Europe 
Other multilateral institution 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Part II: Other Unallocated 

Sub Total PI+PII 

Sub Total PI+PII 

ODA Countries Other Flows 

ODA Countries Other Flows 
NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

NON-ODA Countries Other Flows 

Administrative Costs Ex-BA lines - Heading 4 

Administrative Costs - Heading 4 * 

TOTAL DISBURSED AMOUNT (w/o Adm 5 Heading) 
Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

Administrative Costs - Heading 5 

TOTAL DISBURSED AMOUNT 

3 

1 

1 

3 
3 

1 

1 

165 

277 

165 
165 

277 
277 

1 

1 

41 
3 

1 

1 

1 

3 
0 
2 

1 

1 

32 
3 

1 

3 
0 
2 

1 

1 

29 

37 

29 
0 
29 

68 

68 

37 
0 
37 

128 

128 

12 074 

24 841 

3 266 

87 637 

12 074 
17 

17 

24 841 
1 935 

1 935 
0 

0 

74 

74   

12 165 

26 776 

3 266 
671 

671 

7 

42 

7 

87 637 
2 978 

2 978 
16 

16 

1 562 

42 

1 562 

3 986 
2 157 

92 193 
2 157 

2 157 

2 157 

9 

9 

9 

9 

14 

14   

10 868 

10 868 
136 

136 

2 

2   

325 

325 

40 

40   

13 881 

13 881 
89 

89 

5 

5   

360 

360   

14 335 

3 

4 

9 521 

7 009 

3   

621 

1 062 

4   

2 052 

369 

2 075 

9 521 
4 

4 

7 009 

621 

1 062 
6 

6 

2 052 
52 

52 

369 

0 

0 

32 

0 

115 

32   

0   

500 

72 

61 

10 

115 

500 

72 

61 

10 

9 525 

7 156 

1 121 

1 139 

2 165 

379 

2 116 

11 331 

2 075 
35 

35 

2 

4 

2 

4 

14 335 

9 525 

7 156 

1 121 

1 139 

2 165 

379 

2 116 

11 331 

12 165 

26 776 

6 143 

94 350 

330 
330 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Disbursements 

Graph Table 25B 

Africa

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

America

America (North & Central America)

America (South America)

Asia

Asia (Far East Asia)

Asia (Middle East Asia)

Asia (South & Central Asia)

Developing countries, unspecified

Europe

Oceania

Other

ENI

DCI_GEO

DCI_THEMA

DCI

EIDHR

ICSP

INSC

CFSP

IPA2

HUMA

EDF

OTH

ADMIN

331 
331 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 26  Evolution of the amounts disbursed from Transfer Agreements by DG in 2014-2020 

Commitments: Transfer Agreements* 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR*** 

Other DGs 

Disbursements: Transfer Agreements* 

DG INTPA** Budget 

DG INTPA** EDF 

DG NEAR*** 

Other DGs 

2014 – 2020 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Total 

5 

62 

29 

1 

17 

5 

60 

26 

21 

887 

529 

2 

17 

14 

704 

22 

7 

6 

65 

10 

32 

562 

421 

22 

18 

2 

30 

96 

83 

1 463 

737 

100 

1 025 

72 

3 575 

2014 – 2020 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Total 

30 

1 

12 

68 

4 

44 

11 

296 

371 

2 

17 

202 

635 

4 

15 

145 

83 

3 

29 

147 

334 

52 

21 

162 

302 

44 

116 

678 

857 

248 

513 

537 

2 992 

89 

173 

1 477 

1 836 

62 

191 

957 

1 781 

** DG INTPA = Directorate General for International Partnerships 
*** DG NEAR = Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations 

332 
332 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table 26 

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Other DGs

DG NEAR***

DG INTPA** EDF

DG INTPA** Budget

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Other DGs

DG NEAR***

DG INTPA** EDF

DG INTPA** Budget

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

333 
333 

 
    
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 27  Disbursements - Breakdown by entity (Art 62 FR) for both direct and indirect management 

Management mode 

Indirect Mgt. - Third Countries 
Indirect Mgt. - International Organisations 
Indirect Mgt. - Public law bodies 
Indirect Mgt. - Private law bodies with a public service mission 
Indirect Mgt. - Private law bodies implementing PPP 
Indirect Mgt. - The European investment Bank or the European investment Fund 
Indirect Mgt. - Persons implementing CFSP actions 
Indirect Mgt. - EU bodies and PPP bodies 

2014 - 2020 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Total 

1 648 
2 599 
240 
108 
1 
247 
248 
21 

1 952 
2 471 
228 
149 
1 
232 
271 
23 

2 092 
3 695 
367 
332 
0   
329 
210 
23 

1 653 
4 024 
592 
321 

360 
224 
29 

1 455 
3 498 
503 
386 
0   
198 
245 
33 

1 272 
3 951 
565 
513 

157 
265 
44 

1 015 
4 125 
784 
503 

324 
299 
72 

11 087 
24 364 
3 278 
2 312 
2 
1 846 
1 763 
244 

Indirect management 

5 112 

5 326 

7 047 

7 204 

6 318 

6 767 

7 121 

44 896 

Direct Mgt. - Commission's Department 
Direct Mgt. - Executive Agencies 
Direct Mgt. - TF - Trust Funds 
Direct Mgt. - Union's Delegation 
Shared Mgt. - Member State 

2 078 
192 
39 
3 433 
147 

2 055 
167 
20 
3 583 
140 

2 243 
244 
190 
3 987 
182 

2 260 
192 
378 
3 860 
47 

2 625 
179 
728 
3 747 
130 

2 741 
169 
995 
3 391 
153 

2 509 
166 
1 412 
4 947 
124 

16 510 
1 310 
3 762 
26 949 
923 

Direct and shared management 
Total 

5 889 
11 001 

5 966 
11 292 

6 845 
13 893 

6 737 
13 941 

7 409 
13 728 

7 448 
14 215 

9 158 
16 280 

49 454 
94 350 

334 
334 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graph Table 27 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Disbursements 

244 

2 

1.763 

1.846 

2.312 

3.278 

11.087 

24.364 

Indirect Mgt. - Third Countries

Indirect Mgt. - International Organisations

Indirect Mgt. - Public law bodies

Indirect Mgt. - Private law bodies with a public service mission

Indirect Mgt. - Private law bodies implementing PPP

Indirect Mgt. - The European investment Bank or the European investment Fund

Indirect Mgt. - Persons implementing CFSP actions

Indirect Mgt. - EU bodies and PPP bodies

335 
335 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 28  Disbursements - Breakdown by forms of Union Funding as defined in Article 23 NDICI 

Disbursements 

Direct or Shared Management 

Indirect Management 

2014 – 2020 

Contribution & Delegation Agreements 

of which blending   

Grants 

Procurement Contracts 

Services 

Works 

Supplies 

Budget Support 

Contribution to EU Trust Funds 

Financial Instruments 

Budgetary Guarantees (EFSD)* 

Debt Relief 

Financial Assistance (MFA) 

Remunerated External Experts (Individual Experts) 

Program Estimates 

Administrative Expenditures 

Others** 

of which blending   

Total 
of which Blending   

*Contribution to Budgetary Guarantees of the European Fund for Sustainable Development 
**Includes types of management related to the previous MFFs (2013 and before) 

5 147 

531 

373 

184 

19 491 

6 050 

12 912 

3 801 

983 

799 

208 

242 

0 

4 301 

483 

49 454 

336 
336 

1 849 

1 347 

2 448 

429 

242 

35 909 

2 947 

4 224 

252 

1 161 

0 

403 

44 896 

1 849 

6 494 

2 978 

802 

242 

Total 

36 093 

22 438 

10 274 

12 912 

3 801 

1 235 

799 

208 

242 

1 162 

4 301 

886 

94 350 

2 091 

2 091 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

C D 

ODA 

Non-ODA 

Budget INTPA 

EDF 

Budget Non INTPA 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Table 29  Split between Previous EDF and Completion Lines and 2014 - 2020 Instruments 

Commitments 

Previous EDF and Completion Lines 

2014 – 2020 MFF Funding 

Disbursements 

Previous EDF and Completion Lines 

2014 – 2020 MFF Funding 

Total 

Total 

Graphs Table 29 

2014 - 2020 

2014 - 2020 

Commitments 

1% 

99% 

1 290 

108 690 

28 173 

66 176 

109 981 

94 350 

Disbursements 

30% 

70% 

Previous EDF and Completion Lines

2014 – 2020 MFF Funding 

Previous EDF and Completion Lines

2014 – 2020 MFF Funding 

337 
337 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 1  Overview of incoming contributions (disbursements from contributors) 

Trust Fund Africa 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Heading 4 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Headings other than 4 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Trust Fund Bêkou 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Heading 4 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Headings other than 4 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Trust Fund Colombia 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Heading 4 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Headings other than 4 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Trust Fund Madad 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Heading 4 
Contribution received from Commission Annual Budget - Headings other than 4 
Contribution received from EDF 
Contribution received from Member States 
Contribution received from Non-Member States 
Total Trust Funds 
Contribution received from Commission (Annual Budget + EDF) 
Contribution received from Member States* 
Contributions received from Non-Member States 

Cumulative previous years 
2 067 

Current Year (2020) 
1 083 

Total 
3 150 

168 

62 

1 077 

269 
5 
1 223 
544 
25 

57 

39 
71 
1   

34 

28 
0   

890 

163 
25   

36 

21 

466 

212 
50 
771 
44 
6 

1 

29 
6 

15 

6 

409 

57 

204 

82 

1 543 

3 373 

1 606 

4 979 

2 516 
806 
51 

1 487 
113 
6 

481 
55 
1 994 
589 
31 

58 

68 
77 
1 

49 

34 
0 

1 299 

220 
25 

4 003 
919 
57 

*Includes a contribution of 9.1 M € by the United Kingdom considered as a Member State for the 2014 - 2020 MFF. 

338 
338 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table TF 1 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Cumulative previous years 

Current Year (2020) 

1.077 

62 
168 

2.067 

Trust Fund Africa

Trust Fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust Fund Madad

21 

466 

36 

1.083 

Trust Fund Africa

Trust Fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Madad

Trust Fund Colombia

339 
339 

 
   
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 2A  Overview of committed and disbursed amounts 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Cumulative  previous 
years 

Current Year (2020) 

Total 

Cumulative  previous 
years 

Current Year (2020) 

Total 

Trust Fund Africa * 

Trust Fund Bêkou 

Trust Fund Colombia 

Trust Fund Madad 

4 266 

273 

99 

1 871 

920 

42 

24 

411 

5 186 

314 

123 

2 282 

Trust Fund Africa * 

Trust Fund Bêkou 

Trust Fund Colombia 

Trust Fund Madad 

2 039 

151 

46 

1 014 

1 052 

46 

20 

501 

3 091 

197 

66 

1 515 

6 510 

1 397 

7 907 

3 250 

1 619 

4 869 

Decommitments (for information) 

Cumulative  previous 
years 

Current Year (2020) 

Total 

Trust Fund Africa * 

Trust Fund Bêkou 

Trust Fund Colombia 

Trust Fund Madad 

-57 

-19 

-4 

-25 

-179 

-2 

0 

-14 

-237 

-21 

-4 

-39 

-106 

-195 

-301 

* The European Union Emergency Trust Fund for stability and addressing root causes of irregular migration and displaced persons in Africa. 

340 
340 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graphs Table TF 2A 

European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

Trust Fund Madad

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust Fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Africa

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Trust Fund Madad

Trust Fund Colombia

Trust Fund Bêkou

Trust Fund Africa

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

341 
341 

 
  
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 2B  Proportion of Trust Funds assistance used for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2020 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

ODA 

Non-ODA ** 

ODA 

Non-ODA ** 

Trust Fund Africa * 

Trust Fund Bêkou 

Trust Fund Colombia 

Trust Fund Madad 

920   
42   
24   
411   

Trust Fund Africa * 

Trust Fund Bêkou 

Trust Fund Colombia 

Trust Fund Madad 

18 

1 034 
46   
20   
501   

1 397 

1 601 

18 

* The European Union Emergency Trust Fund for stability and addressing root causes of irregular migration and displaced persons in Africa 
** The non-ODA part of the Trust Fund Africa is entirely funded by the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME) under Heading III of the EU Budget. Therefore, the part of the Trust Fund 
Africa funded by other financial  sources (including EU Budget Heading IV, the EDF and EU Member States contributions) is 100% ODA eligible. 

342 
342 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 3A  Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Africa 

100-Social infrastructure and services 

110-Education 

291 

2 

300 

3 

263 

15 

323 

41 

95 

138 

2 

24 

54 

0 

673 

17 

826 

49 

Sahel region and Lake Chad area 

Horn of Africa 

North of Africa 

Regional and Other 

Total Africa 

Commitment 

Disbursement 

Commitment 

Disbursement 

Commitment 

Disbursement 

Commitment 

Disbursement 

Commitment 

Disbursement 

11110-Education policy and administrative management   
11120-Education facilities and training 

11220-Primary education 

11231-Basic life skills for youth 

11330-Vocational training 

11420-Higher education 

15 

0 

2   

0   

3   

120-Health 

70 

52 

36 

27 

12110-Health policy and administrative management 

12191-Medical services 

12220-Basic health care 

12240-Basic nutrition 

12263-Tuberculosis control 

12264-COVID-19 control 

130-Population policies/programmes and reproductive health 

13010-Population policy and administrative 
management 

140-Water and sanitation 

14020-Water supply and sanitation - large systems 

150-Government and civil society 

42 

54 

77 

15110-Public sector policy and administrative 
management 

15111-Public finance management 

15113-Anti-corruption organisations and institutions 

15130-Legal and judicial development 

15150-Democratic participation and civil society 

15160-Human rights 

15170-Women¿s rights organisations and movements, 
and government institutions 

15190-Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and 
responsible migration and mobility 

50 

20 

42 

54 

1 

34 

2 

32 

0 

136 

37 
15   

32 

0   

54 

19 

10 

19 

20 
7   
9 

5 

5 

112 

1 

0 

95 

17 
14   

5 

15 

35 

21 

343 
343 

9   
2   
24   

7   

1   

26   

1   

0   

48   

11   
6   
2   
3   

7 

20 

13 

20 

2   

2   
11   

24 

24   

15 

0 
2   

0   

126 

92 

20 
7   
59 

20 

20 

71 

54 

71 

54 

33 

0 

54 

101 

54 

243 

395 

44   

0   

57   

54 

18 
14   

39 

17 

35 

75 

54 

9 

2 

24 

12 

3 

1 

63 

15 

2 

11 

33 

0 

147 

0 

30 

6 

12 

3 

146 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

5 

6   

10 

96 

160 

21 

21 

162 

15210-Security system management and reform 

15220-Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and 
resolution 

160-Other social infrastructure and services 

46 

16010-Social protection 

16020-Employment creation 

16050-Multisector aid for basic social services 

16061-Culture and recreation 

16062-Statistical capacity building 

200-Economic infrastructure and services 

210-Transport and storage 

21020-Road transport 

220-Communications 

22010-Communications policy and administrative 
management 

240-Banking and financial services 

24030-Formal sector financial intermediaries 

250-Business and other services 

25010-Business Policy and Administration 

300-Production sectors 

310-Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

31120-Agricultural development 

31162-Industrial crops/export crops 

31195-Livestock /veterinary services 

31320-Fishery development 

320-Industry, mineral resources and mining, construction 

32130-Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) 
development 

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting 

410-General environmental protection 

41010-Environmental policy and administrative 
management 

430-Other multisector 

43010-Multisector aid 

43030-Urban development and management 

43040-Rural development 

43082-Research/scientific institutions 

0 

0 

0 

500-Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

0 

510-General budget support 

51010-General budget support-related aid 

520-Developmental food assistance 

52010-Food assistance 

37 

3 

33 

13 

76 

0 

0 

0 

30 

23 

7 

0 

12 

12 

20 

13 

5 

29 

42 

0 

0   

85 

6 

0 

5 

76 

76 

76 

35 

30 

16 

30 

7   

7 

12   

5 

10 

15 

5 

25 

10 

15 

0 

344 
344 

108 
25   
26 
0   
1   

32   

2   

2   

7   
6   
9   

10 

2 

3 

5 
2   
1   

2   

9   

35 

32 

2 

2 

31 

21 

10 

14 

2 

11 

11 

2 

9 

4 

17 

5   

16   

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2   

0 

0 

0 

55 

14 

55 

14 

30 

25 

0 
14   

0 

0 

8 

8 

0 

0 

8   

0 

0 

76 

76 

35 

30 

5 

88 

10 

78 

42 

3 

89 

39 

30 

5 

76 

30 

5 

10 

53 

25 

27 

24 

118 

54 

84 

0 

1 

32 

0 

2 

4 

22 

6 

9 

7 

17 

2 

4 

19 

2 

1 

2 

20 

257 

37 

32 

0 

2 

4 

61 

44 

17 

29 

2 

27 

22 

2 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

600-Action relating to debt 

600-Action relating to debt 

60010-Action relating to debt 

700-Humanitarian aid 

720-Emergency response 

72010-Material relief assistance and services 

72050-Relief co-ordination and support services 

730-Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

73010-Immediate post-emergency reconstruction and 
rehabilitation 

740-Disaster preparedness 

74020-Multi-hazard response preparedness 

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / 
Unspecified 

910-Administrative costs of donors 

91010-Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

998-Unallocated / Unspecified 

99810-Sectors not specified 

0 

0 

5 

5 

5   

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

18 

10 

8 

0 

10 

8 

10 

10 

17 

8 

8 

0 

0 

0 

295 

342 

0   

417 

440 

10   

2 

6 

8 

0   

0   

0 

23 

23 

0 

34 

34 

11 

12 

31   
3   

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3 

0 

0 

16 

16 

0 

40 

33 

8 

8 

8 

21 

12 

8 

3 

16 

8 

10 

10 

51 

42 

8 

0 

16 

16 

0 

10 

33 

9 

8 

0 

16 

0 

173 

188 

35 

70 

920 

1 052 

345 
345 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

Graphs Table TF 3A 

Commitments 

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

900-Other : Administrative
costs of donors / Unallocated /
Unspecified
700-Humanitarian aid

600-Action relating to debt

500-Commodity aid and general
programme assistance

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting

300-Production sectors

200-Economic infrastructure
and services

100-Social infrastructure and
services

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Disbursements 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

900-Other : Administrative
costs of donors / Unallocated /
Unspecified
700-Humanitarian aid

600-Action relating to debt

500-Commodity aid and general
programme assistance

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting

300-Production sectors

200-Economic infrastructure
and services

100-Social infrastructure and
services

346 
346 

 
   
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 3B  Regional breakdown of Trust Fund Africa 

Commitment 
920 
176 

Disbursement 
1 051 
192 

Africa 

Africa (North of Sahara) 

Egypt 
Libya 
Morocco 
North of Sahara, regional 
Tunisia 

Africa (South of Sahara) 

633 

Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cameroon 
Chad 
Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Djibouti 
Eritrea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
Ivory Coast 
Kenya 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Niger 
Nigeria 
Rwanda 
Senegal 
Somalia 
South of Sahara, regional 
South Sudan 

12 
112 
58 
5 
5 

48 
2 
3 
26 
0 
3 
25 
41 
7 
19 
1 

13 
31 
30 
10 
65 
7 
28 
83 
135 
52 

799 

67 
0 
100 
9 

20 

4 

121 
6 
1 
13 

30   
8 
23 

42 
50 
13 

30 
54 
36 

347 
347 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

173 
10 

111 

111 

0 

920 

154 
15 

61 

0 

61 

0 
0 

1 052 

Sudan 
Uganda 

Africa 

Africa, regional 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Developing countries, unspecified 

Graphs Table TF 3B 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Africa

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

Africa

Africa (North of Sahara)

Africa (South of Sahara)

348 
348 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 4  Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Bêkou 

100-Social infrastructure and services 

110-Education 

11330-Vocational training 

120-Health 

12110-Health policy and administrative management 
12220-Basic health care 

140-Water and sanitation 

14021-Water supply - large systems 
14030-Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation 
14031-Basic drinking water supply 

150-Government and civil society 

15110-Public sector policy and administrative management 
15153-Media and free flow of information 
15170-Women¿s rights organisations and movements, and government institutions 
15180-Ending violence against women and girls 

200-Economic infrastructure and services 

220-Communications 

22010-Communications policy and administrative management 

250-Business and other services 

25030-Business development services 

300-Production sectors 

310-Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

31110-Agricultural policy and administrative management 
31120-Agricultural development 

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting 

430-Other multisector 

43010-Multisector aid 
43030-Urban development and management 
43040-Rural development 

Commitment 
19 

6 

2 

11 

0 

0 

23 
23 

6 

2   

4 

7 

5 

18 

349 
349 

Disbursement 
21 
3 

12 

4 

2 

7 
0 

6 

3 
3 

7 
7 

3 

1 
11 

3 

1 

0 
1 
0 
0 

0 

6 

1 
3 

0 
5 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

700-Humanitarian aid 

720-Emergency response 

72010-Material relief assistance and services 

730-Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

73010-Immediate post-emergency reconstruction and rehabilitation 

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

910-Administrative costs of donors 

91010-Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

998-Unallocated / Unspecified 

99810-Sectors not specified 

Graphs Table TF 4 

0 

0 

42 

4 
1 

3 

4 
4 

0 

46 

1 

3 

4 

0 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

700-Humanitarian aid

500-Commodity aid and general programme assistance

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting

300-Production sectors

200-Economic infrastructure and services

100-Social infrastructure and services

700-Humanitarian aid

500-Commodity aid and general programme assistance

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting

300-Production sectors

200-Economic infrastructure and services

100-Social infrastructure and services

350 
350 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 5  Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Colombia 

100-Social infrastructure and services 

150-Government and civil society 

15110-Public sector policy and administrative management 
15153-Media and free flow of information 
15220-Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution 
15250-Removal of land mines and explosive remnants of war 

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting 

430-Other multisector 

43010-Multisector aid 
43040-Rural development 

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

910-Administrative costs of donors 

91010-Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

Graphs Table TF 5 

Commitment 
15 
15 

Disbursement 
13 
13 

13 
3 

9 

9 
9 

0 

24 

0 
0 
10 
3 

3 
4 

0 

7 
7 

0 
0 

20 

Commitments 

Disbursements 

50

40

30

20

10

0

25

20

15

10

5

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified
400-Multisector/Cross-cutting
100-Social infrastructure and services

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified
400-Multisector/Cross-cutting
100-Social infrastructure and services

351 
351 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

AR - Financial Annexes for Trust Funds 2020 

Table TF 6  Sectoral breakdown of Trust Fund Madad 

100-Social infrastructure and services 

110-Education 

11110-Education policy and administrative management 
11120-Education facilities and training 
11220-Primary education 
11420-Higher education 

120-Health 

12110-Health policy and administrative management 
12220-Basic health care 
12230-Basic health infrastructure 
12261-Health education 
12310-NCDs control, general 

140-Water and sanitation 

14020-Water supply and sanitation - large systems 
14050-Waste management /disposal 

150-Government and civil society 

15110-Public sector policy and administrative management 
15170-Women¿s rights organisations and movements, and government institutions 
15190-Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility 

160-Other social infrastructure and services 

16010-Social protection 
16020-Employment creation 
16050-Multisector aid for basic social services 

300-Production sectors 

310-Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

31140-Agricultural water resources 

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting 

430-Other multisector 

43010-Multisector aid 

500-Commodity aid and general programme assistance 

510-General budget support 

51010-General budget support-related aid 

Commitment 
244 
92 

Disbursement 
389 
97 

7 
86 

42 
2 
4   
22   

0 

1 

70 
11 

52 

71 

0 

1 

81 

0 

52 
52 

0 

17 
17 
44 
18 

0 
76 
11 

16 
11 

1 
4 
9 

149 
12 
4 

1 

64 

18 

87 

27 

14 

165 

1 
1 

64 
64 

19 
18 

352 
352 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

520-Developmental food assistance 

52010-Food assistance 

700-Humanitarian aid 

720-Emergency response 

72010-Material relief assistance and services 
72050-Relief co-ordination and support services 

730-Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 

73010-Immediate post-emergency reconstruction and rehabilitation 
900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified 

910-Administrative costs of donors 

91010-Administrative costs (non-sector allocable) 

998-Unallocated / Unspecified 
99810-Sectors not specified 
99820-Promotion of development awareness (non-sector allocable) 

110 
100 

10 

5 
5 

0 

411 

100 

10 

5 

0 
0 

1 

23 
8 

15 

6 
5 

1 

501 

1 

3 
5 

15 

5 

0 
0 

Graphs Table TF 6 

800

600

400

200

0

Commitments 

Disbursements 

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified
700-Humanitarian aid
500-Commodity aid and general programme assistance
400-Multisector/Cross-cutting
300-Production sectors
100-Social infrastructure and services

900-Other : Administrative costs of donors / Unallocated / Unspecified

700-Humanitarian aid

500-Commodity aid and general programme assistance

400-Multisector/Cross-cutting

300-Production sectors

100-Social infrastructure and services

353 
353 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

7.2. 

EU External Investment Plan Blending in 2019 

7.2.1.  Introduction to EU External Investment Plan Blending Tables 

Section 5.2.2. of this report (see Part I of this SWD) gives an overview of the EU’s use of blending as a 
way of financing development projects. Blending combines grants from the EU with loans and other 
types of financing from development banks and other public and private investors. 

Blending is one of the cornerstones of the EU External Investment Plan (EIP), a major EU initiative. 
The  EIP  was  created  in  2017  to  scale  up  investment  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  and  the  EU 
Neighbourhood. 

The Plan has a financing arm, the European Fund for Sustainable Development (EFSD), managing EU 
contributions in excess of EUR 5.3 billion from 2017 to 2020. 

Of this, approximately EUR 3.7 billion is for blending projects, and the remaining amount is for the 
EFSD guarantee. Tables B1.1, B1.2 and B1.3 that follow give figures for blending projects which the 
EU  approved  in  2020  for  the  Plan’s  two  main  target  regions:  Sub-Saharan  Africa  and  the  EU 
Neighbourhood.  

The tables show: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

How much the EU contributed towards blending projects; 

How much investment the projects are expected to generate (leverage); 

What form the EU’s contributions take; and 

What areas of the economy the projects focus on. 

A final table (B2) shows the share of total EU contributions allocated to least-developed and middle- 
and high-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. 

354 
354 

 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

7.2.2.  EU External Investment Plan Blending Tables 

B.1.1 Blending projects approved in 2020 

Overall EU contribution (EUR) and leverage (fees excluded):  

Sub-Saharan Africa* 

EU Neighbourhood 

Total 

EU contribution 

300 million 

Investment leveraged 

3.4 billion 

Number of projects  

20 

406 million 

3.7 billion 

23 

706 million 

7.1 billion 

43 

*This includes Thematic projects with Sub-Saharan Africa and the Neighbourhood in their scope, with 
project amounts included pro-rata.   

B.1.2 EU contributions by type of support (2020) 

Sub-Saharan Africa  

Support 

Technical Assistance 

Investment grant 

Interest Rate Subsidy 

Equity 

Guarantee 

Total without fees 

Fees 

Total with fees 

EU Neighbourhood 

Support 

Technical Assistance 

Investment grant 

Equity 

Guarantee 

Total without fees 

Fees 

Total with fees 

EU Contribution (EUR million) 

42 

104.3 

19.5 

118.8 

15.4 

300 

9.1 

309.1 

EU Contribution (EUR million) 

62.4 

131.9 

115  

96.9 

406.2 

7.7 

413.9 

355 
355 

 
 
 
 
European Commission Staff Working Document: Annual Report 2021 

B.1.3 EU contributions by sector 

Sub-Saharan Africa  

Sector 

Agriculture 

Energy and Environment 

Private sector 

Transport 

Urban Development/Water and Sanitation 

Total 

EU Neighbourhood 

Sector 

Education 

Energy and Environment 

Private sector 

Social 

Transport 

Urban Development/Water and Sanitation 

Total 

EU Contribution (EUR million) 

9.5 

190 

60.9 

20.3 

19.3 

300.0 

EU Contribution (EUR million) 

32.3 

57.5 

236.7 

7 

4  

68.7  

406.2  

B2.  Blending  projects  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa  approved  since  2017  –  EU  contributions  by  country 
income category 

Country Category 

Least-Developed Country 

Lower- and Middle-Income Countries 

High-income 

% Share of total EU Contribution 

73.9 

25.7 

0.4 

356 
356 

 
 
 
 
 
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