Frontex catalogue of services.
Date: 2021-12-04
Institutions: Frontex
Subjects: Frontex, border control, catalogue, external border of the EU, illegal migration

Table of contents

Foreword 

1 

2 

1.5 

1.6 

1.3 
1.4 

Situational awareness and monitoring 
EUROSUR Fusion Services 
1.1 
EBCG community ‘ecosystem of information  
1.2 
management capabilities’ 
24/7 Situation and Crisis Monitoring 
Real time integrated and tailor made information  
services on tactical, operational and strategic level 
Near real time integrated and tailor made information  
services on tactical, operational and strategic level 
Remote command and control capability  
for the EBCG at HQ and via mobile solution 
Crisis management support 
Assessment of Member States’ capacities 
Vulnerability assessment follow-up 
Vulnerability Awareness Products 
Enhanced support for quality control mechanisms 
Risk Analysis Products on Key Third Countries and Regions 
(Western Balkans, Turkey, Eastern Partnership, Africa) 
Analysis of Maritime Intelligence 
Operational Analysis Services 
Strategic Analysis Services 
Collection and processing of operational personal data  
of suspects, witnesses, victims of cross-border  
crime and terrorism 

1.7 
1.8 
1.9 
1.10 
1.11 
1.12 

1.13 
1.14 
1.15 
1.16 

Operational Response 
2.1 
2.2 

Support in performance of border checks 
Support in border surveillance 
2.2.1     Support in maritime border surveillance 
2.2.2    Support in land border surveillance 
Collection of information and preventing, detecting  
and combatting cross-border crime 
Support in migration management 
Search And Rescue (SAR) Exercise Module 
Boarding Working Group 
Implementation of Coast Guard Functions  
in Frontex Maritime Joint Operations 
Multipurpose Maritime Operation (MMO) 
Support to pre-investigative measures and investigations 
EMPACT Support 
Mobile Operational Support Teams (MOST) 

2.3 

2.4 
2.5 
2.6 
2.7 

2.8 
2.9 
2.10 
2.11 

5

7
9

10
11

12

13

14
15
15
16
16
17

18
19
20
20

21

23
25
26
26
27

28
29
29
30

30
31
32
34
36

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2.12  Maximizing the Member States operational capabilities  
to check travel, identity, maritime, vehicle or any other  
relevant documents and fight related frauds. 

Return related activities 
3.1 
3.2 
3.3 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 

(Assisted) voluntary return 
Support in pre–return activities – MS return processes 
Support in pre–return activities – TC cooperation 
Return operations 
Post-Return and Reintegration support (as of 2022) 
Support in the area of return via digitalisation 

Capability Development 
4.1 

  Strategic Planning and Capability Management 

Services related to capabilities 
4.1.1 
4.1.2    Operational Safety and Health 
Equipment, support and integrated supply chain  
management 
4.2.1    Acquisition and Through-Life Management 
Training 
4.3.1    Capacity Building in Member States 
4.3.2    Specialized trainings in various IBM related areas 
4.3.3    Training tools, methodologies and Quality Assurance 
Research and Innovation 
4.4.1    Developing Standards 
4.4.2   Capacity Development of Member States,   

4.2 

4.3 

4.4 

Technical Assistance 
IBM Related Research 

4.4.3   
4.4.4   Management of Technological Innovation 

International and European Cooperation 
5.1 

Facilitating and supporting cooperation  
between the Member States and third countries 
Frontex Liaison Officers in third countries 
Frontex Liaison Officers in EU Member States/ 
Schengen Associated Countries 

5.2 
5.3 

ICT Services 
6.1 
6.2 

ETIAS Central Unit Services 
Access to EU information systems 

List of acronyms used 

37

39
41
43
44
45
47
48

51
53
53
53

54
54
55
55
55
58
58
58

59
59
60

61

63
63

64

65
67
69

70

3 

4 

5. 

6. 

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Frontex Catalogue of Services 
Foreword

Security of Europe’s external borders and combatting cross-border crime are the core func-

tions of Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency. Border guard and law en-

forcement services have a pivotal role to play to reinforce the internal security and preventing 

or detecting organised crime.

As Frontex expanded its presence in the field, as well as its operational activities and ser-

vices provided to national border and coast guard services, law enforcement and customs, 

it has become clear that the role of our Agency is not only to act as an emergency service 

at the borders. Today, we are first and foremost an operational partner of national author-

ities, supporting and assisting in regular border management tasks, effectively contributing 

to building the sustainable EU security architecture.

The Agency is proud to present to Member States and Schengen Associated Countries the 

catalogue of services to support their activities aimed at securing their external borders. In 

line with our principles, KNOW, SUPPORT and BUILD, they range from border protection to 

detection of cross-border crime and return. 

The  services  contribute  to  the  application  of  an  intelligence-led  and  effect-oriented  ap-

proach  to  operational  activities  of  the  Agency.  The  situational  monitoring  and  awareness 

services are aimed at operational actors and support the planning of adequate oper-

ational responses to the challenges at EU’s external borders. They also support the deci-

sion-making in border management and border security at EU and national levels, covering 

all aspects of the European Integrated Border Management (border control, search and res-

cue in situations that may rise during border surveillance operations, risk analysis, cooper-

ation with third countries, technical and operational measures within the Schengen area, 

return of third country nationals, use of state-of-the-art technology, quality control mech-

anism and solidarity mechanisms). The maritime dimension also forms a large part of the 

services, in line with the development of Coast Guard functions entrusted to the Agency. It 

mobilises and fuses wide sources of information from human intelligence sources, patrolling 

activities, aerial surveillance and satellite imagery.

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The  effect-oriented  operational  response  guided  by  adequate  capability  planning  fo-

cuses on results and allows for the delivery of proactive activities directed at reducing any 

shortcomings via coordinated operational and technical support to Member States and third 

countries. The development of flexible multipurpose operational tools is directed at in-

creasing the level of detection, prevention and combatting of cross-border crime, including 

document fraud.

Development and management of capabilities informed by data and actionable informa-

tion constitute a solid basis for the appropriate delivery of operational effect. Frontex shifted 

to a new operational concept driven by the future deployment of the European Border and 

Coast Guard standing corps. The standing corps is a real game changer and will bring per-

manent support to national authorities facing challenges at their external borders. It may 

even operate outside the European Union in countries that have signed Status Agreements 

with the EU. This also includes timely collection, dispatch and receipt of accurate informa-

tion  for  sound  decision-making  and  subsequent  optimised  response  and  availability,  de-

ployment and necessary technical equipment, as well as wellbeing of personnel during the 

execution of operational tasks. 

Furthermore, effective border management requires partnerships and cooperation with 

many actors. Under Regulation 2019/1896, Frontex has become even more effective, multi-

plying its operational impact through close partnerships with Member States, EU insti-

tutions, bodies, offices and agencies, third countries and international organisations. 

Harnessing the power of technology to ensure effective border management is also essen-

tial, highlighting the vital importance of ICT services. The Agency shall develop and maintain 

complex solutions that will support the creation of an EBCG environment and community of 

intelligence-led operational activities.

In the pages below, I invite you to learn about the multitude of services Frontex can provide 

to our essential partners, the national authorities, in protecting Europe’s borders. I look for-

ward to our close cooperation.

Fabrice Leggeri

Executive Director

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Frontex Catalogue of Services1. Situational awareness and monitoring

1. Situational awareness 

and monitoring

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Photo © Frontex, 2020

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Frontex Catalogue of Services1. Situational awareness and monitoring
1. Situational awareness and monitoring

1.1  EUROSUR Fusion Services

According to Art. 28 of the EBCG Regulation 2019/1896, the EUROSUR Fusion Services (EFS) 

“supply the national coordination centres [in the Member States], the Commission and itself 

with information on the external borders and on the pre-frontier area on a regular, relia-

ble  and  cost-efficient  basis”  and  directly  contributes  to  the  European  Situational  Picture, 

facilitating the production of actionable information and analysis to enable the functioning 

of the EBCG. Art. 29 on EUROSUR Fusion Services, paragraph 2 stipulates that the Agency 

“shall provide a national coordination centre, at its request, with information on the exter-

nal borders of the requesting Member State and on the pre-frontier area which may be de-

rived from” and provided in form of the following EUROSUR Fusion Services:

• 

selective  monitoring  of  designated  third-country  ports  and  coasts  which  have  been 

identified through risk analysis and information as being embarkation or transit points 

for vessels or other craft used for illegal immigration or cross-border crime; 

• 

tracking of vessels or other craft over high seas and aircraft which are suspected of, 

or  have  been  identified  as,  being  used  for  illegal  immigration  or  cross-border  crime, 

including in the case of persons in distress at sea with a view to transmitting this infor-

mation to the relevant competent authorities for search and rescue operations; 

•  monitoring  of  designated  areas  in  the  maritime  domain  in  order  to  detect,  identify 
and track vessels and other craft being used for, or suspected of being used for, illegal 

immigration or cross-border crime, including in the case of persons in distress at sea 

with a view to transmitting this information to the relevant competent authorities for 

search and rescue operations; 

•  monitoring  of  designated  areas  of  air  borders  in  order  to  detect,  identify  and  track 
aircraft and other forms of equipment being used for, or suspected of being used for 

illegal immigration or cross-border crime;

• 

• 

environmental  assessment  of  designated  areas  in  the  maritime  domain  and  at  the 

external land and air borders in order to optimise monitoring and patrolling activities; 

selective  monitoring  of  designated  pre-frontier  areas  at  the  external  borders  which 

have been identified through risk analysis and information as being potential departure 

or transit areas for illegal immigration or cross-border crime; 

•  monitoring  trends,  volume  and  routes  of  migratory  flows  towards  and  within  the 

Union;

•  media monitoring, open source intelligence and analysis of internet activities for pre-

venting illegal immigration or cross-border crime; 

• 

analysis of information derived from large-scale information systems for the purpose 

of detecting changing routes and methods used for illegal immigration and cross-bor-

der crime.

The EUROSUR Fusion Services are supporting the services 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 as indicated below 

in case those services are requested. 

Examples

In spite the fact that the new EUROSUR Fusion Services catalogue is not yet in place, the 

current one contains a detailed explanation on any of the available services nowadays. For 

example the Imagery and Geospatial Intelligence products making use of analysed satellite 

imagery delivered now will be continued and also available under the new services. They pro-

vide for strategic, operational and tactical situational awareness in areas not accessible to 

other surveillance means. For more references on any of the EFS services it is recommended 

to review the Eurosur Fusion Services Catalogue version 3.2.

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Timeframe for implementation

These services are always implemented based on demand and according to the specific needs 

of the requester, after a thorough assessment performed by the Service Managers and bear-

ing in mind technical and budgetary limitations that may be associated with them.

How to request this service

The EFS Service Desk (efs@frontex.europa.eu) is the single point of contact for receiving ser-

vice requests, requests for changes, reporting bugs and IT incidents (malfunction). The Ser-

vice  Desk  operator  is  the  first  line  of  contact.  They  register  service  requests  and  redirect 

them  to  competent  Service  Managers  for  further  handling,  troubleshoot  or  restore  failed 

services as quickly as possible while keeping users informed about their requests at agreed 

intervals. They may also be approached in case of questions or for assistance in filling in the 

Service Request Form properly.

The Service Desk is operational 9:00–17:00 CET during working days (excluding weekends 

and Frontex holidays) and can be contacted via email: efs@frontex.europa.eu.

1.2  EBCG community ‘ecosystem  

of information management capabilities’

This service provides information sharing applications interacting with each other, using the 

same harmonised data and technologies supporting requirements related to EUROSUR, in-

formation exchange, regional and thematic risk analysis, vulnerability assessment and holis-

tic situational pictures as well as setting information exchange standards and implementing 

common models for information sharing and analysis to support the creation of an EBCG en-

vironment and community of intelligence-led operational activities.

Examples

One application under the family of applications supporting this capability is JORA, which is 

a major system for information exchange and situation monitoring. Functionalities, such as 

incident and indicator reporting as well as GIS based visualization including the identifica-

tion and implementation of value adding data and information sources, e.g. maritime traf-

fic and different earth observation services support the compilation of a holistic situational 

picture and further increased situational awareness among users. Also tools for exchanging 

information enhance the collaboration between users.

Timeframe for implementation

This service already supports many information exchange requirements and processes, such 

as incident reporting, indicator reporting, interview reporting, visualisation of the situational 

picture, etc. Additional capabilities will be supported within the next four years.

How to request this service

Access is provided on demand and based on access policies for EBCG officers in specific func-

tions. Contact point in case of issues is jora@frontex.europa.eu.

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1.3  24/7 Situation and crisis monitoring

Provide 24/7 situation and crisis monitoring with the execution of various EUROSUR Fusion 

Services and the use of other source of information as well as functioning as round-the-clock 

hub of operational information exchange (incl. National Coordination Centres and Frontex 

Liaison Officers networks etc.).

Among others, the service includes:

• 

• 

• 

• 

24/7 situation and crisis monitoring;

Execution of EUROSUR Fusion Services e.g. Satellite Imageries and Satellite Imagery 

Intelligence (IMINT) Services, Incident reporting, vessel monitoring and tracking, track-

ing vessels of interest, media monitoring, air border surveillance, multipurpose aerial 

surveillance etc.;

24/7  information  exchange  and  operational  cooperation  with  National  Coordination 

Centres ;

24/7 Hub for information exchange and contact point outside working hours for e.g. 

Frontex Liaison Officers and other stakeholders;

Among others, the products include:

• 

• 

integrated situation and crisis monitoring reports in all 4 tiers of EUIBM available on 

24/7 basis for internal and external; 

ad-hoc events in all 4 tiers of EUIBM;

integrated and tailor made situational reports for internal and external stakeholders e.g.
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆

different  types  of  Imagery  Intelligence  reports  based  on  satellite  image  acquisi-

reports on vessels of interest, vessel monitoring and tracking, 

tions), etc.

This service is aggregated with ‘Near real time and/or real time integrated and tailor made infor-

mation services on tactical, operational and strategic level’ in case an event requiring immediate 

follow-up is sighted during the monitoring activities. 

The service can be delivered through the provision of ‘Remote command and control capability 

for both the EBCG at Frontex HQ and via mobile solution’.

Examples

24/7 Situation and crisis monitoring, drafting and disseminating situational reports and 24/7 

contact point outside working hours e.g. contact point incl. outside working hours for re-

quest for activation of RBI.

Timeframe for implementation

ASAP depending on the specific request.

How to request this service

The  Frontex  Situation  Centre  (FSC)  acts  as  a  European  centre  of  excellence  in  situa-

tion  monitoring  to  support  operational,  tactical,  and  strategic  decision-making.  Contact 

FSC@frontex.europa.eu (monitored 24/7) for any specific situation monitoring products.

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1.4  Real time integrated and tailor made information 
services on tactical, operational and strategic level

Real  time  collection  and  assessment  of  data  from  various  sources  by  conducting  intelli-

gence-led monitoring and surveillance of geographical areas and events with the execution 

of EUROSUR Fusion Services including Multipurpose Aerial Surveillance, other products and 

services, the use of various networks and the modular deployment of multipurpose profile 

staff of the standing corps.

Real time dissemination of the gathered information at Tactical, Operational and Strategic 

levels in the defined format to the respective internal and external stakeholders in all four 

tiers of EUIBM (e.g. video link etc.).

Among others, the service comprises:

• 

Real time and tailor made information and data collection on events and from geo-

graphical areas with the execution of EUROSUR Fusion Services:
 ◆ multipurpose aerial surveillance; 
 ◆
vessel tracking and monitoring; 
 ◆ media monitoring;

and other sources of information, e.g.:

deployed Frontex Information Officers (IOs);

 ◆
 ◆ National Coordination Centres network;
 ◆
 ◆

Frontex Liaison Officers network;

Etc.

Among others, the product comprises: 

• 

• 

integrated  and  tailor  made  situation  and  crisis  monitoring  products  disseminated  in 

real time (e.g. real-time data stream) on tactical, operational and strategic level;

reports on tracking and monitoring of vessels.

The service is activated based on products of this service, information products of “24/7 Sit-

uation and Crisis monitoring”, ‘Near real time integrated and tailor made information services on tac-

tical, operational and strategic level’, risk analysis, vulnerability assessment, EBCG request. The 

service is aggregated with the “24/7 Situation and Crisis monitoring” to ensure round-the-clock 

capability and can be delivered through the provision of ‘Remote command and control capabil-

ity for both the EBCG at Frontex HQ and via mobile solution’. This service supports also ‘2.2 Field 

Deployment: Support in land/maritime border surveillance’ with the execution EFS, espe-

cially multipurpose aerial surveillance.

Examples

Reports on vessels of interest, ad-hoc media reports etc.

Timeframe for implementation

Based on the needs of the requestor.

How to request this service

The Frontex Situation Centre (FSC) acts as a European centre of excellence in situation mon-

itoring to support operational, tactical, and strategic decision-making. Based on preliminary 

planning/coordination/cooperation between MS requesting authorities and FSC (to deter-

mine the operational context) satellite imageries and different types of imagery intelligence 

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reports based on satellite image acquisitions can be launched on commonly agreed timings 

and areas to best achieve the needs of the MS.

After the planning/coordination/cooperation phase is finalized, a formal service request should 

be sent to efs@frontex.europa.eu email box.

1.5  Near real time integrated and tailor made information 
services on tactical, operational and strategic level

Near real time collection and assessment of data from various sources by conducting intelli-

gence-led monitoring and surveillance of geographical areas and events with the execution 

of EUROSUR Fusion Services including media monitoring and other products and services, 

the use of various networks  and the modular deployment of multipurpose profile staff of 

the standing corps.

Near real time dissemination of the gathered information at Tactical, Operational and Stra-

tegic levels in the defined format (e.g. report, specific situational picture etc.).

Among others, the service comprises:

•  Near  real  time  and  tailor  made  information  and  data  collection  on  events  and  from 

satellite imageries and satellite imagery intelligence services; 

geographical areas with the execution of EUROSUR Fusion Services: 
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆ media monitoring;

vessel tracking and monitoring; 

and other sources of information and data e.g.:

deployed Frontex Information Officers (IOs);

 ◆
 ◆ National Coordination Centres network;
 ◆

Frontex Liaison Officers network. Among others, the product comprises:

• 

• 

• 

integrated and tailor made situation and crisis monitoring products dissemi-

nated in near real time on tactical, operational and strategic level;

reports on tracking and monitoring of vessels 

different types of imagery intelligence reports based on satellite image acquisitions. 

The service is activated based on products of this service, information products of “24/7 Sit-

uation and Crisis monitoring”, ‘Real time integrated and tailor made information services on tactical, 

operational and strategic level’, risk analysis, vulnerability assessment, EBCG request. This ser-

vice is aggregated with the “24/7 Situation and Crisis monitoring” to ensure round-the-clock ca-

pability and can be delivered through the provision of ‘Remote command and control capability 

for both the EBCG at Frontex HQ and via mobile solution’.

This service can be aggregated with the “24/7 Situation and Crisis monitoring” to ensure round-

the-clock monitoring and surveillance.

Examples

Specific pre-frontier areas monitored (Libya, Tunisia and Turkey) through satellite IMINT Re-

ports received from EUSC Agency.

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Timeframe for implementation

Based on the needs of the requestor.

How to request this service

The Frontex Situation Centre (FSC) acts as a European centre of excellence in situation mon-

itoring to support operational, tactical, and strategic decision-making. Based on preliminary 

planning/coordination/cooperation between MS requesting authorities and FSC (to deter-

mine the operational context) satellite imageries and different types of imagery intelligence 

reports based on satellite image acquisitions can be launched on commonly agreed timings 

and areas to best achieve the needs of the MS.

After the planning/coordination/cooperation phase is finalized, a formal service request should 

be sent to efs@frontex.europa.eu email box.

1.6  Remote command and control capability  
for the EBCG at HQ and via mobile solution

Provision  of  remote  command  and  control  capability  including  infrastructure  and  man-

power with access to various EUROSUR Fusion Services, including Multipurpose Aerial Sur-

veillance, as well as other integrated and tailor made information products, other sources of 

data and information (i.e. National Coordination Centres, national authorities, Frontex Liai-

son Officers) as well as services executed in near real time and/or real-time on tactical, op-

erational and strategic level.

The service includes – amongst others – the following capabilities:

• 

Infrastructure:  workstations,  means  of  communication,  access  to  EUROSUR  Fusion 

Services and databases; 

•  Manpower:  multiple  profile  officers  of  the  EBCG,  including  standing  corps  deployed 

with the modular approach etc.

The products include: 

Remote command and control capabilities at Frontex HQ; and

• 
•  Deployment of mobile situation centres with remote command and control capabilities.

This service is aggregated with “Near real time and/or real time integrated and tailor made infor-

mation services on tactical, operational and strategic level” and “24/7 Situation and Crisis Monitor-

ing” to ensure round-the-clock coverage.

Examples

Establishment of European Monitoring Team (FSA/MAS)

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on the need.

How to request this service

Contact FSC@frontex.europa.eu

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1.7  Crisis management support

Support to decision makers, during crisis situations. 

The service includes – among others:

• 

• 

Infrastructure:  crisis  room,    infrastructure,  access  to  EUROSUR  Fusion  Services  and 

databases, remote command and control capabilities etc.; 

Advice  on  crisis  management  support  including  preparedness  and  crisis  response 

(establishment of crisis cell, mobile crisis cell);

•  Direct access to ‘Near real time and or real time integrated and tailor made information ser-
vices on tactical, operational and strategic level’ and ‘24/7 Situation and Crisis Monitoring’ to 
ensure round-the-clock capability.

Supportive products including – amongst others:

• 

• 

Advise on organising crisis management exercises;

Initiating policy development.

Examples

CRT on Greece/Turkey, COVID-19 and can be extended to involve not only Frontex and EU 

Agencies but also Member States, Mobile Crisis Cell.

Timeframe for implementation

Immediate in crisis situations.

How to request this service

As laid out in the EBCG 2.0 requesting rabid border intervention and relevant decisions/SOPs 

and in case ad-hoc support is needed to contact FSC@frontex.europa.eu (monitored 24/7).

1.8  Assessment of Member States’ capacities 

and preparedness

As a quality-control mechanism, Vulnerability Assessment, offers regular, reliable and com-

parable  quality  assurance  services  to  the  Member  States.  Basing  on  vast  amount  of  data 

collected from the Member States, Frontex activities and other sources, Member States’ pre-

paredness is assessed against a set of Objective Criteria.

The  final  reports  identify  vulnerabilities,  pointing  out  gaps  and  shortcomings  of  the  bor-

der-control system and in the overall level of preparedness of the Member State concerned. 

Member States will benefit from this collaborative exercise in order to maximise the use of 

their resources more efficiently.

Examples

Baseline Assessments, Simulation Exercises, Rapid Vulnerability Assessments.

Timeframe for implementation

The timeframes for different type of assessments are outlined in the Common Vulnerability 

Assessment Methodology (CVAM).

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How to request this service

The assessments are launched by Frontex on the basis of the provisions set in the CVAM. In 

particular, Member State can volunteer to be subject to a Simulation Exercise. It can do so 

by duly informing Frontex, including also a justification on the rea sons for such assessment 

(addressed to VAN-post@frontex.europa.eu). The Agency will then assess the request, and 

provide a proposal to the Executive Management  on whether to launch this exercise or not.

1.9  Vulnerability Assessment follow-up

Vulnerability Assessments result in identification of vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are 

addressed, when necessary, by recommendations issued by the Executive Director setting 

out the necessary measures to be taken by the Member State concerned, within a set time 

limit. The measures can address both short as well as long-term gaps and shortcomings of 

border-control capacities and aim to eliminate the vulnerabilities identified. 

In  a  spirit  of  partnership,  in  order  to  support  the  implementation  of  these  measures,  the 

Agency  may  offer  technical  assistance  to  the  Member  States.  Such  support  encompasses 

a wide range of services, including for example the possibility to deploy the EBCG standing 

corps to a specific border section, until the Member State reinforces its national capacities. 

Technical support may also include the provision of tailored training packages or enhanced 

surveillance services (via the activation of EUROSUR Fusion Services, for example).  

The Agency closely monitors the implementation of the measures to ensure a timely imple-

mentation by Member States. In case a Member State faces a risk of delay in the implemen-

tation process, the Agency will offer enhanced support as part of this service.  

Examples

Technical Expertise Offer (TEO) by the Agency for supporting the implementation of a meas-

ure, for example in the form of targeted trainings to Member State staff of a Border Cross-

ing Point.

Timeframe for implementation

The timeframes are outlined in the Common Vulnerability Assessment Methodology (CVAM).

How to request this service

Requests for technical assistance by the Agency for the implementation of a measure can 

be sent to VAN-post@frontex.europa.eu).

1.10  Vulnerability awareness products

Provision of tailored products to support the planning needs of the Agency, as well as national 

and EU policymakers. 

Through Vulnerability Assessment the Agency is now generating a vast amount of knowl-

edge related to Member States’ preparedness and their capacity to carry out border control, 

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including their reception capacity in the event of large-scale migratory flows (contingency 

plans, registration capacity, etc.). The knowledge generated by these activities can therefore 

play a key role in supporting decision-making processes at EU and national level.

Vulnerability Awareness Products may include reports to support short-term planning needs 

of the EBCGA and EBCG community. For instance,  Vulnerability Awareness Products can be 

drafted to support the planning of operational and capacity-building activities, such as tar-

geting operational deployment to a specific border section where a vulnerability has been 

identified, or prioritise technical support to a specific Member State. Similarly, upon request 

Vulnerability Awareness Products can also be produced to support short- or long -term plan-

ning activities of an individual Member State.

Vulnerability Awareness Products can also be tailored to support long-term strategic deci-

sion-making of the EBCG community. For instance, the Biannual Report on VA results deliv-

ered periodically to EU policy-makers (COM, EP, Council) and MB Members. Such products 

can also support mid- to- long-term planning activities of the wider EBCG community, such 

as acquisition strategy for border control assets or allocation of EU funds. 

Examples

Vulnerability Assessment Biannual Report, provided twice a year to the EU institutions and 

Member  States.  Tailored  Vulnerability  Awareness  Products  to  support  MS  short-  or  long-

term planning purposes (infrastructure and capability developments, acquisition strategies).

Timeframe for implementation

Assessed on an individual basis and dependent on the content of the request. Limitations of 

existing policies (such as on VA Data Management) may apply.

How to request this service

To discuss the development of tailored products VAN-post@frontex.europa.eu can be con-

tacted. The Agency will assess the request and provide a reply. VA Data Management Policy 

and VA Knowledge Management and Need-to-Know Policy limit the type of products and con-

tent to be provided, in order to safeguard sensitive information on Member States’ capacities.

1.11  Enhanced support for quality control mechanisms 

a.  Further development of the Common Vulnerability Assessment Methodology in close 

cooperation with the Member States and Commission experts.

Methodological enhancements include the development of benchmarks and quantified 

measurements to assess border-control capacity of Member States. Such enhancements 

may support the activities of other quality control mechanisms at national and EU level.

b.  Series of tools and a dedicated IT platform developed by the Agency for Vulnerability 

Assessment activities. 

The aim of VA tools is to support the execution of quality control activities, allowing 

a  flexible  and  operational  assessment  of  Member  States’  capacity  to  carry  out  bor-

der-control tasks, and of their preparedness to face potential challenges at their exter-

nal borders.

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In addition to the utilisation of these tools for Vulnerability Assessment purposes, the 

Agency can make such tools and its expertise available for the benefit of national qual-

ity-control activities and the Schengen Evaluation Mechanism.

The  development  of  a  secure  IT  platform  will  also  further  support  quality-control 

activities  at  EU  and  national  level.  In  addition  to  the  handling  of  data  and  exchange 

of information for Vulnerability Assessment purposes, the so-called ‘VA platform’ will 

offer a wide range of services to support national quality control activities.

Examples

• 

Tools: A practical assessment tool in the field of document fraud detection in selected 

Border Crossing Points was used for the 2019 Simulation Exercises. In 2020, a table-top 

exercise in the field of contingency planning was also developed. Upon request by a 

MS/SAC, such tools can also be deployed to support national quality control activities 

(for example: testing the document fraud detection capacity in a specific BCP).

•  Organisation  of  workshops  to  provide  technical  advice  for  the  establishment  of 

national quality control systems and related instruments.

Vulnerability Assessment Platform: development ongoing.

CVAM Quantification: development ongoing.

• 

• 

Timeframe for implementation

• 

Tools:  practical  exercises  are  mainly  applied  to  the  assessments  launched  by  the 

Agency in line with the CVAM. The specific timeframe for implementation can be dis-

cussed with the requesting MS/SAC on a case-by-case basis.

Technical workshops: timeframe to be defined on a case-by-case basis.

CVAM Quantification: development ongoing.

VAP: development ongoing.

• 

• 

• 

How to request this service

Tools  and  technical  workshops:  requests  be  addressed  to  VAN-post@frontex.europa.eu 

with a justification included. The Agency will then assess the request, and provide a response.

1.12  Risk Analysis Products on Key Third Countries 

Monitoring, collecting, processing and analysis is primarily focused on key source and transit 

countries regarding irregular migration, cross-border crime and terrorism related phenom-

ena using a number of risk indicators that are clustered into four subcategories: institutional, 

facilitation, economic and socio-political. 

This service is delivered primarily through a range of products and data visualisations. It is 

based on multiple sources including satellite imagery analysis of pre-frontier areas, special-

ised commercial services, structured interactions with Frontex Liaison Officers, Immigration 

Liaison Officers and European Migration Liaison Officers, and joint analysis within our four 

different regional risk analysis networks with Third Countries in Europe, Caucasus and Africa. 

The overall output of this service is designed to help internal and external stakeholders un-

derstand the pre-frontier situation in terms of magnitude and location of threats that may 

affect the functioning or security of the external borders.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services1. Situational awareness and monitoring
1. Situational awareness and monitoring

It also constitutes an element of the pre-warning mechanism regarding pre-frontier aspects 

of the EIBM and is used in the context of forecasting and emerging threat assessments.

Examples

Key Developments / Early Warnings / Facilitation Analyses; 

• 
•  Western Balkans Annual Risk Analysis, quarterly and monthly reports; 
•  Western Balkans statistical reporting (through SAS Visual Analytics); 
• 

Bi-weekly update for the Western Balkans Videoconference;

• 

• 

• 

• 

Eastern Partnership Annual Risk Analysis, quarterly and monthly reports; 

Eastern Partnership statistical reporting (SAS Visual Analytics);

Africa Frontex Intelligence Community Joint report; 

Africa Frontex Intelligence Community Monthly report.

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on a specific product/service.

How to request this service

Contact HoU.RAU@frontex.europa.eu.

1.13  Analysis of maritime intelligence 

Frontex Maritime Intelligence Community & Risk Analysis Network (MIC-RAN), includes a 

specialised risk/intelligence analysis capability for the maritime domain. This capability sup-

ports multipurpose and surveillance operations, Member States law-enforcement activities 

against cross-border crime, EMPACT, the development of coast guard functions and mari-

time border management in general.

Maritime risk assessments improve maritime domain awareness and knowledge of the risk 

environment at the EU external maritime borders and beyond (i.e. pre-frontier maritime ar-

eas). The maritime warning provides concise analysis and assessment about a specific threat 

(e.g. maritime event/development with security implications, high-risk vessel). In addition 

maritime intelligence deliver a set of products that identify high-risk threats, assess maritime 

risks and inform policy and practice in this work area of the maritime domain).

Examples
•  Operational Warning (Risk Alert);
• 
•  Maritime Area-Port Analysis; 
• 

Strategic Warning; 

Risk Profiling; 

• 

• 

• 

Strategic Assessments;

EU-Regional Maritime Risk Mapping;

Periodical Strategic Reporting on Cross-Border Crime.

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on a specific product/service.

How to request this service

Contact HoU.RAU@frontex.europa.eu.

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1.14  Operational analysis services

These services provide the input basis for the operational cycle of the EBCG. In particular, it 

provides knowledge basis for yearly planning of operational activities, specific assessments 

for  the  drafting  of  operational  plans,  continuous  assessments  during  the  implementation 

phases of operational activities and contribute to the final evaluation of the results of the 

articulated operational response, as well as maintaining oversight on operational data qual-

ity. Frontex collects human intelligence for risk analysis and in support of investigative ac-

tivities of the Members States law enforcement and of relevant EU level law-enforcement 

agencies, through the collection of information that may lead to the identification of sus-

pects involved in human smuggling, cross-border crimes and terrorism.

Examples

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Assessment for Operational Deployment for the annual operational planning;

Analytical input in the planning and implementation of EMPACT operational actions;

Tactical focused assessment (tailored risk analysis for specific operational activities);

Risk analysis for operational actions and JADs (strategic and operational level);

Tactical  Risk  Analysis  and  assessments  during  implemented  operational  actions 

(weekly, bi-weekly, monthly reporting – short term operational adjustments);

Analytical Warnings for implemented operational activities (e.g. change of Modus Ope-

randi, Increase of Migration flows requiring the enhancement of operational response);
•  Management  of  debriefing  of  migrations  in  the  operational  areas  for  intelligence 

collection;

•  Mapping of crimes and criminal groups acting in Third Countries and Member States; 

Tailored risk analysis responding to specific requests from stakeholders.

• 

Impact level assesment for the external border sections.

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on a specific product/service.

How to request this service

Contact HoU.RAU@frontex.europa.eu

1.15  Strategic analysis services 

These services aim at providing periodical (biannual, annual, quarterly, monthly) strategic anal-

ysis products  on irregular migration and cross-border crimes affecting EU borders to clients 

at EU level, Member States/Schengen Associated Countries and Frontex, including support to 

the implementation of EU policies and regulations as relevant and required. They also feed risk 

analysis input to Vulnerability Assessment processes (monthly scanning, recommendations).

Frontex also provides thematic analysis products and manages related tools (indicators, net-

works, other sources) for their delivery. The thematic analysis is currently divided into four 

thematic areas: return, cross-border crime, document fraud and counter-terrorism. These 

services also supports the implementation of EU crime priorities (EMPACT).

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Frontex Catalogue of Services1. Situational awareness and monitoring
1. Situational awareness and monitoring

Examples

• 

• 

Strategic Risk Analysis;

Annual Risk Analysis; 

Frontex Risk Analysis Network (FRAN)-Quarterly;

• 
•  Monthly Risk Analysis; 
• 

Common Risks Indicators,

European Document Fraud,

Thematic risk analysis / threat assesments:
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆

Trafficking in Human Beings,

Secondary Movements,

Cross-border crime, including stolen vehicles smuggling, firearms trafficking, drugs 

and tobacco products smuggling, etc.);

• 

Joint threat assessments (Member States and EU Agencies, EU SOCTA).

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on a product/service.

How to request this service

Contact HoU.RAU@frontex.europa.eu

1.16  Collection and processing  

of operational personal data of suspects,  
witnesses, victims of cross-border crime and terrorism

Frontex  will  process  personal  data  related  to  persons  who  are  suspected  on  reasonable 

grounds for involvement in cross-border criminal activities by the competent authorities of 

the Member States, Europol, Eurojust, or the Agency; as well as victims and witnesses, where 

these data supplement the data of the suspects.

Frontex will collect these data while monitoring migratory flows, carrying out risk analyses 

or in the course of operations for the purpose of identifying suspects of cross-border crime.

Frontex will analyse these data with the purpose of mapping the criminal groups that are 

involved in the facilitation of illegal migration and other cross-border criminal activities in 

third countries and in the MS.

Frontex will transmit the processed personal data and, where is the case, the results of its 

analysis to:

• 

• 

the competent authorities of the Member State, in support of their activities implemented 

for preventing, detecting, investigating or prosecuting serious cross-border crime;

Europol and Eurojust, to support the investigations coordinated by these agencies and 

other activities implemented in accordance with their mandates.

Frontex exchanges with the Member States/Schengen Associated Countries, Europol, and 

Eurojust specific assessment containing personal data that could trigger and/or support the 

implementation of inter-agency coordinated actions at operational level for preventing, de-

tecting, and combating cross-border criminal threats including under EMPACT.

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Examples

Specific knowledge products such as intelligence notifications and risk profiles.

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on a product/service.

How to request this service

Contact HoU.RAU@frontex.europa.eu

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational  response 
2. Operational  response 

2. Operational  

response 

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Photo © Frontex, 2019

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

2.1  Support in performance of border checks 

Support in the border checks carried out at the border crossing points, to ensure that per-

sons, including their means of transport and the objects in their possession, may be author-

ised to enter the territory of a Member State or authorised to leave it. 

This service may be provided either through the implementation of an operational activity 

(e.g. Joint Operation) by long-term deployment or short-term deployment of operational staff. 

Long-term support will be dedicated to the Border Crossing Points where permanent pres-

ence of the standing corps will be required. The locations are selected on the basis of Risk 

Analysis findings and Vulnerability Assessment findings. 

The short term deployment will be dedicated to the Border Crossing Points where some new 

trends are identified and/or Frontex support has been requested by the national authorities, 

e.g. due to the shortage of some expertise in a specific area (for example document exam-

ination) or in case of necessity to reinforce the border guards caused by a pronounced in-

crease in the passenger flow or intensity of the cross-border crime.

The package covers several services (described below), which selection will be tailored to the 

needs of the each Border Crossing Points:

• 

Support  in  the  border  checks  (including  consultation  of  EU  and  national  databases 

when available on the first and second line)

Type of border: air, land, sea

• 

• 

• 

Support in the second line checks aiming at detection of stolen vehicles

Support  in  the  gate  checks  on  arrival  and  departures  at  airports  and  in  pre-arrival 

checks with the use of Advanced Passenger Information System (API)

Likewise, use of Passenger Name Record (PNR), where accessible to border guards, 

to support checks at airports, including pre-arrival checks of passengers falling under 

certain risk-profiles

•  Deployment of Third Country Observers (TCO) 

According to the arising trends/risks, different profiles and nationalities of Third Coun-

try Observers may be deployed. The focus will be on their profiling and linguistic/cul-

tural skills as well as the possibilities to consult their national databases. A deployment 

of Third Country Observers may also be based on the framework of regular coopera-

tion with a partner Third Country as a capacity building measure for this Third Country.

• 

• 

Collection of information to prevent, detect and combat cross-border crime

Information exchange between Border Crossing Point and designated Police and Cus-

toms Cooperation Centres
Type of border: land

•  Deployment of technical equipment to support the detection of clandestine entries at 

the Border Crossing Point

Type of border: land

Type of technical equipment: CO2 detector, Heart Beat Detector

•  Dedicated information sessions e.g. Roadshows on document/identity fraud or VEGA 

handbooks awareness sessions

Type of border: air, land, sea

Roadshows; operational team members and host border guards, as well as IO/NGO 

experts pooled by Frontex (where feasible) for VEGA sessions.

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The above services can be proposed to both the Member States/Schengen Associated Coun-

tries and Third Countries, accordingly with the applicable rules and executive powers.

Examples

Joint Operation Focal Points Air, Land and Sea.

Timeframe for implementation

According to the operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

2.2  Support in border surveillance

2.2.1  Support in maritime border surveillance

Support in maritime border surveillance aims at controlling illegal immigration flows, tack-

ling cross-border crime and enhancing European cooperation on Coast Guard Functions. 

Maritime border surveillance can be carried out by using technical equipment as follows: 

Aerial assets: detection / tracking / identification;

• 
•  Maritime assets: detections / tracking / identification / interception;
Terrestrial assets: detection / tracking / identification / interception;
• 

• 

Fixed Technical Equipment: detection/ tracking/ identification.

The service can cover several types of operational activities, tailored to the needs of the each 

area/location, as follows:

• 

• 

• 

Border surveillance at sea including support to Search and Rescue events;

Border surveillance from the coastal areas;

Prevention and detection of serious crime with a cross-border dimension that is com-

mitted or attempted at, along or in proximity of the external borders with the focus on 

migrant  smuggling,  trafficking  in  human  beings,  stolen  vehicles,  smuggling  of  drugs, 

weapons, illegal fishing, environmental pollution, document fraud and terrorism; 

• 

Support  to  national  authorities  and  EU  agencies  dealing  with  fisheries  control  and 

environmental protection in the frame of European cooperation in Coast Guard Func-
tions activities;

• 

Providing of situational awareness in the area of operation by identifying normal and 

abnormal navigation patterns.

The above services can be proposed to Member States/Schengen Associated Countries. A 

possible  offer  to  a  Third  Country  can  only  be  in  terms  of  providing  maritime  surveillance 

with aerial assets only. 

Examples

JO Poseidon, JO Themis and JO Indalo.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

Timeframe for implementation

According to operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

2.2.2  Support in land border surveillance

Support in land border surveillance aims at:

• 

• 

Preventing and detecting unauthorised border crossings;

Countering  cross-border  crime  and  taking  measures  against  persons  who  have 

crossed the border illegally, considering that some situations may involve humanitarian 

emergencies;

• 

Preventing  and  detecting  cross-border  crime  that  is  committed  or  attempted  at, 

along or in proximity of the external borders with the focus on smuggling of migrants, 

trafficking in human beings, smuggling of drugs, weapons and other crimes, such as 

terrorism.

Border surveillance at land borders can be carried out by using technical equipment as follows:

• 

• 

Aerial assets for: detection/tracking/identification/verification of objects of interest;

Terrestrial assets for: detection / tracking / identification / interception.

Thermo Vision Vehicles (TVV) and Patrol Cars (PC) can deliver a minimum of 8 active pa-

trolling hours daily by patrolling or stationing themselves at locations known or perceived 

to be sensitive, based on the risk assessment to ensure early detections.

• 

Service Dogs and light Technical Equipment for border surveillance such as binoculars, 

portable night vision devices, camera detection systems, etc.

This service can be provided either through the implementation of an operational activity 

(e.g. Joint Operation) by long-term deployment (category 1 and 2) or short-term deployment 

(category 3) of operational staff.

The  package  can  cover  several  types  of  operational  activities,  that  can  be  tailored  to  the 

needs of each area/location:

•  Observing the border area by using different technical means and assets;
• 

Patrolling  the  operational  area  in  joint  teams  in  readiness  to  immediately  react  on 

detection/location of any reported unauthorized border crossing or other cross-border 
crime;

• 

Surveillance and recording using technical means (e.g. thermo-vision recordings, air-

borne pictures/ videos taken by assets co-financed by Frontex) followed by immedi-

ate reporting to the competent authorities of the host Member State. Detecting and 

countering  cross-border  criminality  and  taking  proper  measures  regarding  persons 

who crossed illegally the border;

• 

• 

Respond to witnessed or/and suspected unlawful activities at land borderin compli-

ance with the applicable international and national legislation;

Carrying out specific border police actions on main roads (highways) or popular meet-

ing  points  (e.g.  hotels,  gas  stations,  public  infrastructure,  etc.)  together  with  mobile 

units  of  the  host  Member  States  and  in  cooperation  with  other  law  enforcement 

authorities whenever applicable;

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• 

• 

Referring persons in need of international protection, medical or other urgent assis-

tance to the competent national authorities or/and international organisations;

The above services can be proposed to both the Member States/Schengen Associated 

Countries  and  Third  Countries,  accordingly  with  the  applicable  rules  and  executive 

powers.

Examples

JO Flexible Operational Activities land.

Timeframe for implementation

According to operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

2.3  Collection of information and preventing,  

detecting and combatting cross-border crime

Using the operational activities as a platform, Frontex has the capability to collect informa-

tion, including personal data related to suspects of cross–border crime. 

The most common method that is used for collecting personal data related to suspects of 

cross–border crime is the Debriefing Interview which is performed by a debriefing expert 

with the support of an interpreter / cultural mediator. Other types of information can be col-

lected in various types of reports that can be tailor-made for the service, such as “incident” 

or “Intelligence Report”. All personal data shall be reported via JORA.

The purposes of debriefing of migrants are to collect information based on intelligence gaps 

and the host country with a view to ascertain the involvement and modus operandi of mi-

gration people smuggling networks.

This service may be provided either through the category 1, the long-term secondment (cat-

egory 2) or through short-term deployment (category 3).

Type of border: land, sea and air border

Examples

JO Flexible Operational Activities land, JO Poseidon.

Timeframe for implementation

According to operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

2.4  Support in migration management

Frontex deploys members of the teams – assisting in screening of nationality, documents’ 

checks, fingerprinting and registration of Third Country Nationals.

This service may be provided either through the long-term deployment (category 1 and 2) or 

through short-term deployment (category 3). 

The services provided by Frontex to the affected Member States includes:

• 

• 

Support  in  identification  of  migrants  (including  nationality  screening  and  identifica-

tion/travel documents checks);

Registration including fingerprinting, which precedes the asylum applications, of every 

Third Country National or stateless person except children below 14 years old in con-

nection with an irregular border crossing;

• 

Assistance in the later return of refused asylum seekers at the end of the asylum pro-

cess or other persons who do not have the right to remain in the EU and can practically 

be returned, without entering in the merits of return decisions. 

The above services can be proposed to the Member States/Schengen Associated Countries. 

In the case of Third Countries, legal opinion will be required before such service is offered.

Examples

JO Poseidon, JO Themis.

Timeframe for implementation

According to operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

2.5  Search and rescue (SAR) Exercise Module 

• 

To  enhance  coordination  and  cooperation  among  all  operational  actors  involved  in 

Search  and  Rescue  operations,  as  well  as  to  boost  capacity  to  save  lives  at  sea  and 

to improve the humanitarian response to those rescued at sea, including first aid and 
MEDEVAC.

To  examine  evolving  practices  concerning  search,  rescue  and  disembarkation  of 

migrants in a real operational environment.

To detect gaps, identify best practices and necessity of further training.

Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC) and Stress Management training sessions.

• 

• 

• 

Examples

MMO Black Sea, JO Poseidon.

Timeframe for implementation

Minimum 3 weeks; According to operational needs.

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How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu, with cgs.ot@frontex.europa.eu (Cc).

2.6  Boarding Working Group

• 

Provide to Member States crews taking part in Frontex Joint Maritime Operations a 

tool (Handbook) with Best Practices & Guidelines as regards boarding operations for 

Search And Rescue (mainly for rescuing part) activities linked to illegal migration cases 

as well as cross border crime activities;

• 

• 

• 

enhance coordination and cooperation among all operational actors involved in board-

ing operations, including first aid and MEDEVAC;

Training  of  various  Member  States  authorities  boarding  teams  for  law  enforcement 

activities (boarding ops from cooperative boarding to passive resistance). 

Possible participation of Third Countries’ observers.

Examples

MMO Black Sea, Boarding WG held in Malta (2020).

Timeframe for implementation

Minimum 3 weeks; According to operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu, with cgs.ot@frontex.europa.eu in Cc.

2.7 

Implementation of coast guard  
functions in Frontex maritime joint operations

• 

Support the implementation of Coast Guard Functions in the Frontex maritime Joint 

Operations, in cooperation with European Fishery Control Agency (EFCA) and Euro-

pean Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) under the frame of European Maritime Security 

Strategy Action Plan;
Implementation of Coast Guard functions in regard to support the implementation of 

• 

the strategic and operational objectives of EMPACT Environmental Crime in cooper-

ation with European and international organizations, namely EFCA, EMSA, EUROPOL 

and INTERPOL;

•  Deployment of European Coast Guard Functions Officer (ECGFO) to provide expertise 

on CGF related services and facilitate the cooperation with EFCA/EMSA;

• 

Possible participation of Third Countries’ observers.

Examples

JO Poseidon, JO Themis, JO Indalo, JO Montenegro 2020 – Maritime Operational Activities.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

Timeframe for implementation

According to operational needs.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu, with cgs.ot@frontex.europa.eu (cc).

2.8  Multipurpose Maritime Operation (MMO)

Implementation  of  coordinated  multiagency  multipurpose  maritime  operational  activities 

at the EU external/Third Countries sea borders, in cooperation with EFCA, EMSA and Host 

Member States national authorities dealing with Coast Guard Functions (CGFs). 

The specific operational aim of the MMO focuses on prevention, detection and combating 

illegal immigration, illegal fishing activities, marine pollution and other cross-border crimes. 

This will be achieved by providing relevant:

• 

Coast  guard  functions  related  services  as  well  as  EUROSUR  Fusion  Services  (EFS)  and 

Maritime Analysis Tools, in order to support risk and intelligence analysis and to provide 

and enhanced situation awareness; 

• 

Technical  and  operational  assistance  to  the  host  Member  States  in  the  prevention, 

detection  and  combating  of  organized  cross-border  crime  and  terrorism.  To  enhance 

and tailor the information flow and intelligence collection for the purpose of the police/

border police performance and consequently for the support of the ongoing or further 

investigation related activities;

•  Deployment of European Coast Guard Functions Officer (ECGFO) to provide expertise on 

Coast Guard Functions related services and facilitate the cooperation with EFCA/EMSA.

MMO is designed to provide support to the host Member States on:

1.  Carrying out Coast Guard Functions;

2.  Enhance border security;

3.  Border surveillance at sea; 

4.  Support to Search And Rescue operations;

5.  Enhance operational cooperation;

6.  Preventing and detecting of cross-border crime activities; 

7.  Coordination and cooperation between EU Agencies and national authorities;

8.  Enhance interoperability between EU Agencies and national authorities;
9.  Enhance  exchange  of  information  between  EU  agencies  and  Member  States/Third 

Countries national authorities;

10.  Provide a clear and updated situational picture in the Operational Area;

11.  Carry out exchange of information between Frontex, all operational actors and exter-

nal stakeholders involved;

12.  Share experiences and exchange expertise;

13.  Facilitate the cooperation with Union agencies, bodies or international organisations, 

and Member States/Third Countries;

14.  Support the identification of special needs of children, unaccompanied minors, persons 

with  disabilities,  victims  of  trafficking  in  human  beings,  persons  in  need  of  medical 

assistance, persons in need of international protection, and other persons in a particu-

larly vulnerable situation;

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15.  Referring and providing initial information to persons who are in need of, or wish to 

apply for, international protection.

This service can be implemented in a Third Country in case a Status Agreement has been 

signed (operational activities will be tailored, taking into account the legal basis). Third Coun-

tries officers can be invited as observers to the operational activities.

Examples

MMO Black Sea, Baltic Tracking.

Timeframe for implementation

Minimum 2 months.

How to request this service

The  request  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  address: 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu, with cgs.ot@frontex.europa.eu in Cc.

2.9  Support to pre-investigative measures and investigations

Investigation Support Activities on cross-border crime have been developed to support na-

tional authorities with drugs operations based on intelligence or investigation background. 

It is also aligned with EMPACT “Cannabis, Cocaine and Heroin” Priority and enables to par-

ticipate in European and international drugs operations. Such type of actions deserve spe-

cific, sensitive approach not to hamper EU Member States investigations and preserve full 

trust between the collaborating parties. 

This service improves the integration of Frontex into activities aimed at the prevention, de-

tection and combating of cross-border crime and terrorism at external borders according to 

the extended mandate. This is based on two fundamental pillars:

• 

• 

The  possibility  to  support  requesting  EU  Member  States  in  combating  cross-border 

crime and terrorism beyond but still complementary to Joint Operations;

The provision to prevent, detect and combat cross-border crime operations, primarily 

the large-scale ones, in cooperation with a variety of law enforcement bodies/units. It 

includes concrete operations with intelligence or investigation background and rein-

forcement of most targeted areas to which the law enforcement activity is related to a 

serious crime with that is committed or attempted at, along or in the proximity of the 
external borders.

The agency aims to reinforce national law enforcement, border guards and customs authorities 

including Investigation Units by using Frontex’ services and resources, supporting operations 

with intelligence or investigation background in the maritime domain and strengthening con-

crete Ports/Airports particularly targeted by drugs trafficking crossing EU external borders.

Services contain also the element of the research and innovation, especially in terms of the 

equipment supporting the detection of the drugs trafficking, its retrieval, examination and 

documentation and provides an integrated solution to request all type of Frontex services and 

resources already available, as well as dedicated products for cross-border crime counteraction:

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

a.  Activation  of  services  –  use  of  services  and  tools  to  reinforce  the  counteraction  of 

cross-border crime under specific operational activities and with use of the targeted 

surveillance;

b.  Resources provision – The Pilot Project is creating a specific pool of Technical Equip-

ment (TE) to support prevention, detection and combating cross-border crime in the 

most targeted areas, mainly Port and Airport used as entry or exit point for drugs in EU. 

Co-financed assets is the possibility to finance any EU mean active anywhere during a 

concrete operation, the access is limited to support concrete operations when Frontex 

is involved as a key partner;

c.  Tactical support – The funding of operational meetings to organize operations and 

determine the appropriate assistance is a valuable tool especially in relation to sensitive 

cases. Frontex makes also available operational advice/expertise from the EU border 

perspective (mainly related to the maritime domain) since not all national authorities 

may have this background;

d.  Capacity building – promote and finance workshops on the use of Frontex tools and 

the participation in specific trainings under request if it may respond the capacity to 

respond against criminal threats affecting EU external borders, concrete training ses-

sions with the use of technical equipment to ensure the optimal functioning and effec-

tiveness of Frontex equipment when necessary, depending on the complexity of use.

In  order  to  engage  into  Investigation  Support  Activities  on  cross-border  crime,  there  is  a 

need to express willingness to become an official partner (respective national authorities as 

agreed on national level). The only requirement is to send one communication via the respec-

tive National Frontex Point of Contact (NFPoC) informing about the interest to participate. 

Supporting counter-terrorism activities coordinated by other partner organisations (detec-

tion of travelling Foreign Terrorist Fighters).

These tailored activities are usually undertaken within the framework of the regular Joint 

Operations implemented by Frontex in conjunction with the MS.

Investigation Support Activities on cross-border crime reinforces EU Member States and spe-

cific products can only be delivered to national authorities, the collaboration with Third Coun-

tries is foreseen in the framework of international operations via member States or Europol.

Examples

Implementation of the ISA-CBC Pilot Project (ISA-CBC) and ISA-CBC 2.0:

• 

Support  requested  by  one  Member  State  in  collaboration  with  MAOC(N),  3.3  Tons 

cocaine  seized.  Frontex  provided  technical  and  operational  assistance  to  detect  and 
intercept a vessels in the Atlantic Ocean, connected with an international OCG involved 

on drug trafficking from South America to Europe;

• 

Support  requested  in  EMPACT  CCH  framework  in  collaboration  with  EUROPOL  and 

one Member State, 1.1 Ton cocaine seized;

•  Organisation  of  the  ISA-CBC  awareness  session  on  8.10.2020)  at  the  request  one 
Member State’s authorities (Border Police and Customs) combined with Drugs-related 

cases for examination.

Timeframe for implementation

2018-2021 (business duration depends on the particular activity and the editions of the ISA-

CBC PP)

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How to request this service

The  service  can  be  requested  via  the  ISA-CBC  Pilot  Project  manager  set  as  POC: 

ISA.CBC@frontex.europa.eu  First  initiation  of  the  participation  in  the  Pilot  Project  to  be 

sent via NFPoC. ISA.CBC@frontex.europa.eu.

2.10  EMPACT Support 

EMPACT is an EU Member States driven instrument to identify, prioritize and address threats posed 

by organised and serious international crime.

EMPACT is a structured multidisciplinary cooperation platform of the relevant EU Member States, 

supported by all EU institutions and agencies, associating third countries, international organisa-

tions and other (public and private) partners.

Operational Actions under particular Priorities

Frontex  actively  supports  the  following  EU  crime  priorities  Operational  Action  Plans 

(OAPs). These are comprised of Operational Actions (OAs) to be delivered by participat-

ing  actors.Services  contain  also  the  element  of  research  and  innovation,  especially  in 

terms of the equipment supporting the detection of the drugs trafficking, its retrieval, 

examination and documentation and provides an integrated solution to request all type 

of  Frontex  services  and  resources  already  available,  as  well  as  dedicated  products  for 

cross-border crime counteraction:
 ◆

drug trafficking (cocaine, cannabis heroin (CCH), and synthetic drugs/new psycho-

active substances);

facilitation of illegal immigration;

organised property crime (including stolen vehicles smuggling);

environmental crime;

trafficking in human beings;

excise fraud;

firearms;

document fraud;

Joint Action Days (JADs)/EMPACT Action Days.

 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆
 ◆

Furthermore Frontex coordinates Joint Action Days (JADs), poly-criminal activities target-

ing the above serious organised crimes in cooperation with EU Member States, Schengen 

Associated Countries and Third Countries. These tailored activities are usually undertaken 

within the framework of the regular Joint Operations implemented by Frontex in conjunc-

tion with the Member States. 

This service provided within the framework of the EMPACT/JAD related activity may be de-

livered either through the long-term deployment (category 1 and 2) or more usually through 

short-term deployments (category 3).

Long-term  support  will  be  dedicated  to  the  locations  where  permanent  presence  of  the 

standing corps will be required. The locations are selected on the basis of MS request or act-

ing upon Risk Analysis findings and Vulnerability Assessment findings and agreed with the 

host EU Member State.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

Short term deployments will be dedicated to locations where Frontex support has been re-

quested by the national authorities.

In order to support cross-border crime operations led by law enforcement units at national 

level, operational activities conducted within EMPACT provide an integrated solution to re-

quest all type of available Frontex services and resources, as well as other specific products 

for cross-border crime counteraction.

The support covers all border domains and activities, and may include first and second line 

checks, gate checks, pre-arrival checks, etc;

• 

• 

• 

Support will be provided through the use of specific resources for cross-border crime 

counteraction; 

Technical Equipment – specific TE on cross-border crime to support prevention, detec-

tion and pre-investigative measures;. 

Possible support in development of expertise in the field of tackling of firearms illicit 

trafficking through dedicated webinars, participation and support in updating online 

training modules of the EU Member State/Schengen Associated Country in this field; 

organisation  of  raising  awareness  sessions  based  on  the  Handbook  on  Detection  of 

Firearms for Border Guard and Customs;

• 

Support towards border operations targeting cross-border crime coordinated by the 

EU Member State/Schengen Associated Country (e.g. under EMPACT) at the EU exter-

nal borders through provision of available resources; 

• 

Providing  support  towards  detection,  prevention  and  combatting  of  cross  border 

crime by the EU Member State/Schengen Associated Country by organising  tailored 

trainings/workshops; 

•  Hosting operational and strategic meetings related to counteraction of cross border 

crime at the EU external borders; 

• 

Support  in  coordination  of  cross-border  operational  activities  and  information 

exchange in a safe environment through SIENA via establishment of the Coordination 

Centre in Frontex HQ. Supporting operational information exchange at the EU external 

• 

• 

• 

• 

borders through existing channels;

Reinforcement  of  the  intelligence  collection  and  tailoring  of  the  debriefing  activities 

prior to and in the course of the Joint Action Days; 

Enhance  the  operational  cooperation  between  border  guard,  customs  and  law 

enforcement;

Provide  the  platform  for  the  exchange  of  information  and  mutual  databases  checks 

between participating EU Member State/Schengen Associated Country, Third Countries, 

Europol and Interpol according to their respective mandates and bilateral arrangements; 

Ensuring coordinated border control activities at the EU external borders under ongo-
ing Joint Operations coordinated by Frontex in synergy with other operational activi-

ties initiated by the EU Member State/Schengen Associated Country.

Service  available  for  the  entities  involved  in  EMPACT  and  all  operational  partners  of 

Frontex  depending  on  the  remits  of  particular  EMPACT  priority  and  its  Operational 

Actions as well as Joint Action Days remits as guided by the Council. 

Frontex seeks to engage with Third Countries as much as possible during the imple-

mentation of Joint Action Days related activities. In 2020, 8 Third Countries in total are 

expected to participate across the portfolio of JADs which Frontex coordinates.

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Examples

• 

• 

Implementation of Joint Action Days led by Frontex:
 ◆ Danube 5, 11-21 September 2020, co-led by Austria;
 ◆ Mobile 3, 12-23 October 2020, co-led by Greece, Germany, Poland, Europol;
 ◆
Preparation  of  the  Handbook  on  Firearms  for  Border  Guard  and  Customs  Officers 

Arktos 2, 16-25 November 2020, co-led by Latvia, Finland;

(2020/2021) led by Frontex.

Timeframe for implementation

EU Policy Cycle 2018 – 2021, Operational Action Plans built on the yearly basis, business du-

ration depends on the timeline of the particular Operational Action/Joint Action Day.

How to request this service

Service can be requested within the framework of EMPACT/Operational Actions via the na-

tional representatives in respective EMPACT Priorities but also via National EMPACT Coor-

dinators (NECs).

2.11  Mobile Operational Support Teams (MOST)

MOST-CBC provides a framework for exploring innovative tactical, technical and operational 

measures, aligned with tailored training activities, to increase efficiency of activities against 

cross border crime. It can be applied to all types of cross-border crimes (especially targeting 

motor vehicle crime, tobacco smuggling and excise fraud) at the external borders, requiring 

the inter-agency approach, mobile/flexible response as well as research and advanced forensic 

and technical measures combined with tailored training activities. Frontex seeks to engage 

with relevant Third Countries during the implementation of MOST-CBC related activities.

The mobile teams shall operate at, along and in the proximity of the EU external borders as 

foreseen by the Regulation 2019/1896.

• 

The main focus should be the means of transportation and its passengers as well the 

cargo of certain vehicles. The main focus should be the stolen vehicles, parts of vehicles, 

construction machinery and agricultural machines but also boats, its engines, electric 

waste coming from the vehicles (e.g. used batteries);

• 

The novelty of the Mobile Operational Support Team is the mobility, activities at the prox-

imity of the external borders, quick response to criminal countermeasures, direct coop-

eration with customs officers, assistance of forensic experts as well as the provision of 
dedicated technical equipment. This concept will not overlap with the regular Joint Oper-

ations (JO) and deployment of officers, including Cross -Border Crime Detection Officers 

(CBCDO) and Mobile Vehicle Crime Detection Officers (MVCDO). The appliance of Mobile 

Operational Support Teams against cross-border crime will be aligned with the regular 

Joint Operations and will concentrate on the proximity of the borders, thus constituting 

the valuable complementary measure to the deployment within Joint Operations;

• 

The  Team,  comprising  of  dedicated  border  guard  officer,  vehicles  specialist  /  foren-

sics  expert,  document  expert  and  customs  officer  will  be  equipped  with  specialised 

kit  &tools  including  forensic  ones  and  will  change  locations  frequently  to  increase 

the  efficiency  of  passenger  car,  lorry  and  cargo  checks.  Best  if  the  officers  could  be 

equipped with the mobile devices allowing for cross-checking against the national and 

international databases related to vehicles and documents associated;

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Frontex Catalogue of Services2. Operational response  

• 

The service entails a strong element of the research and innovation especially in rela-

tion to the equipment supporting the detection of the stolen vehicles smuggling meth-

ods. Moreover, the capacity building / training modules has been foreseen in parallel 

to integrate the project with MVCDOs training development.Long-term support will 

be  dedicated  to  the  locations  where  permanent  presence  of  the  standing  corps  will 

be required. The locations are selected on the basis of MS request or acting upon Risk 

Analysis findings and Vulnerability Assessment findings and agreed with the host EU 

Member State.

Timeframe for implementation

2021-2022

How to request this service

Service can be requested via MOST-CBC manager set as POC: MOST.CBC@frontex.europa.eu.

2.12  Maximizing the Member States operational capabilities  
to check travel, identity, maritime, vehicle or any other  
relevant documents and fight related frauds.

The package encompasses the following operational processes:

1.  Developing  the  concept,  service  portfolio  and  related  processes  of  Document  Fraud 

Team;

2.  Extending the current consultancy services and support to front and second lines by 

deploying the Agency’s and the Document Fraud Teams for supporting the operational 

activities (Joint Operations/hotspots and/or Joint Action Days and/or national activ-

ities)  on  the  spot  with  expert  knowledge,  information  and  equipment  on  document 

checks, inspection of suspicious stolen transportation means and the connected frauds, 

including the detection of impostors;

3.  Developing the operational activities on maritime documents checks and fight against 

the related frauds;

4.  Developing  the  operational  activities  on  stolen  vehicle  and  transportation  means 

checks and the related frauds;

5.  Extending the internal support provided to EMPACT, to the Frontex proactive approach 

in the implementation of the Vulnerability Assessment measures and simulation exer-

cises, to the package of benefits ECRet can exchange with Third Countries of interest, 

to the Training Unit ALDO course assessment sessions, Road Shows and Consular Staff 
trainings, to the Research and Innovation activities and to the Risk Analysis European 

Document Fraud activities.

The above-mentioned processes can be implemented also with selected third parties in com-

pliance with the EU legislation without sharing unnecessary sensitive information contained 

in Frontex databases but providing them with know-how on document fraud. This can be 

a soft measure to promote EU standards at global level that can be offered as part of an EU 

benefit package during the negotiations with cooperative Third Countries.

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Examples

Ask for support on document and identity control (operations, access to Reference Manual 

and other CED databases, operational awareness sessions, specific activities related Vulner-

ability Assessment, training, research and innovation, etc.).

Timeframe for implementation

From 48 hours (in operations) to 1 month (depending on the type and scope of the activity).

How to request this service

Via email addressed to the HoO.CED@frontex.europa.eu.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services3. Return  related activities

3. Return  

related activities

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Photo © Frontex, 2019

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Frontex Catalogue of Services3. Return related activities 

3.1 

(Assisted) voluntary return

Currently available:

The role of Frontex was expanded with providing support to Member States on voluntary 

returns as implemented by Member States institutions/authorities. The technical assistance 

provided by Frontex consists of financial, logistical and administrative support already in the 

organisational phase (via FAR/IRMA).

Taking into account the fact that there is no definition of voluntary returns (VR) provided in 

the Regulation, Frontex has defined the scope of assistance offered in relation to this type 

of return as follows:

• 

• 

• 

Support exclusively to MS national institutions;

Exclusion of legally staying third-country nationals;

Support not conditional on return decision.

Users from MS national authorities can request assistance in relation to voluntary returns 

by scheduled and charter flights by launching a request in the dedicated module in FAR.

Frontex can provide technical assistance to Member States in implementing voluntary re-

turns/departures by charter flights in the following forms:

1.  The  MS/SAC  to  charter  the  aircraft:  Frontex  will  reimburse  in  line  with  standard 
reimbursement policy regarding aircraft for the purpose of returns (currently 100% of 

the costs);

2.  Frontex to charter the aircraft: Frontex can charter an aircraft for the MS/SAC. With 
the current framework contract arrangements in place, Frontex is in the position to 

charter an aircraft at short notice (from one to two weeks);

3.  Frontex to coordinate the assistance from other MS/SAC to charter the aircraft 
on behalf of the requesting MS/SAC: Frontex can reimburse 100% of the costs to 
that Member State chartering an aircraft on behalf of another requesting MS/SAC.

In case of an activity conducted by a charter flight, a Grant Agreement is recommended to 

be signed with Frontex two weeks before the start of activities.

The Agency can reimburse the COVID-19 test costs for third country nationals and staff on 

board Frontex-supported returns.

The deployment of return related profiles of the Standing Corps may allow to provide addi-

tional support as follows:

• 

• 

• 

[ongoing]  Assistance  at  departure  and/or  transit  phases  of  voluntary  returns  in  key 
Member States’ airports; ground support, also in order to ensure safety and security, 

including by taking the necessary actions to assist the needs of vulnerable groups or 

families with children when appropriate. Frontex will also identify and pool best prac-

tices on (assisted) voluntary return;

[to be developed in the future] Upon relevant TC agreement, possible support also of 

handover procedures in Third Countries of return;

[to  be  developed  in  the  future]  Facilitating  the  future  implementation  of  planned 

post-arrival and post-return activities.

Standing Corps deployments at multiple locations will facilitate setting up common proce-

dures and aligning the level of support provided to voluntary returns.

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Pre-return  activities  are  also  linked  to  this:  the  deployment  in  Member  States  of  Return 

Specialists from the Standing Corps also allows to implement return counselling activities 

aimed at promoting (assisted) voluntary returns among migrants (including post-arrival and 

post-return assistance/reintegration). In case of presence of a EURLO, also support on the 

spot-on arrival can be provided.

This change is expected to enhance the role of Frontex in the field of return also in its exter-

nal dimensions, in the cooperation with Third Countries, as well as to facilitate cooperation 

and complementarity of action with other key stakeholders, such as IOM, etc.).

Examples

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

In 2020 Frontex provided technical assistance for the voluntary return (VR) of  975 third 

country nationals by scheduled flights and 631 third country nationals by charter flights;

The Agency also supported the implementation of 5 special Scheduled Flights for VR 

(4  to  Georgia  in  May,  July  and  September  2020  and  1  to  India  in  October  2020)  and 

the first voluntary returns by charter flights organised to Albania and Georgia in July 

and August;

The percentage of non-EU nationals returned voluntarily with Frontex support in 2020 

reached 18% and is growing systematically;

This  type  of  return  proved  to  be  of  great  importance  for  MS  especially  in  COVID-19 

times since VR do not require the involvement of staff;

Currently, technical assistance is being provided to MS in voluntary returns for migrants 

who  want  to  return  to  their  country  voluntarily  with  respect  to  all  necessary  social 

distancing and sanitary measures;

• 

The deployment of Standing Corps to Member States’ airports is expected to enhance 

the  assistance  offered  by  Frontex  in  VR,  since  the  deployed  FRESOs  provide  ground 

support  for  departure  and  transit  of  non-EU  national  returning  voluntarily.  The  first 

such deployment of Standing Corps with return profile to a hosting MS took place on 

27 January 2021. The first MS to whom Frontex is providing such support is Italy with 

the deployment to Rome Fiumicino Airport.

Timeframe for implementation

• 

• 

VR by scheduled flights – according to the needs of MS and depending on the available 

flights;

VR by charter flights – according to the needs of MS and depending on the availability 

of aircrafts to be chartered (if this is needed).

How to request this service

• 

• 

• 

For voluntary returns by charter and scheduled flights, a specific module is available 
in  FAR,  the  Frontex  Application  for  Return,  accessible  via  IRMA:  https://webgate.

ec.europa.eu/irma/;

The  MS  are  encouraged  to  communicate  their  needs  in  terms  of  needs  of  Frontex 

assistance as early as possible;

The  Agency  assesses  each  request  for  support  on  an  individual  basis,  considering  all 

complex variables (the principles of cost-effectiveness, time-effectiveness, respect to 

fundamental rights, security, operational conditions and flexibility) and tailors opera-

tional solutions based on applicable requirements.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services3. Return related activities 

3.2  Support in pre-return activities  
Member States return processes 

Frontex provides support to Member States also in the pre-return stage. This will include 

coordination  of  activities,  delivery  of  services  and  deployment  of  the  standing  corps  to 

strengthen Member States processes. Return specialists can be deployed as part of the mi-

gration management teams and return teams providing expertise as well as extra tempo-

rarily capacity in case of need.

The aim of the Return Specialist activity is to support Member States in implementing the 

obligation to return Third Country Nationals, who are subject to final and enforceable re-

turn decisions issued by the competent authorities in Member States as well as in organis-

ing voluntary returns. 

The key purpose of the Return Specialist’ deployment is to provide short or long term sup-

port to a host Member State, in a specific area of need.

The following sub-activities are supported:

• 

Third Country cooperation: focus on consular engagement, identification and acquisi-

tion of travel documents;

•  Member States Return Case Management Systems in line with reference model RECAMAS: 
focus on improvement of Member States return related IT systems, operational data col-

• 

• 

lection and finding synergies with the integrated return management platform;

IRMA/FAR use: focus on the use of Frontex systems for return IRMA and FAR;

Return Counselling (SC): focus on counselling; promoting voluntary return and explain-

ing relevant procedures in all stages for both voluntary and forced return.

Furthermore support can be provided in the pre-return phase in term of:

• 

Language support: during pre-return phase using the existing FWC is foreseen to sup-

port the identification and acquisition of travel documents as well as to support the 

planned return counselling activities;

Exchange programme of Return practitioners;

Specialised return related trainings (such as consular engagement) and workshops for 

• 

• 

MS capacity building on specific pre-return related topics;

•  Overall exchange of best practices in the field of pre-return

In addition to these specific services, Frontex is also involved in supporting identification and 

documentation of returnees and overall exchange of best practices in the field of pre-return. 

Examples

In  2019-2020,  Return  specialists  were  deployed  to  Bulgaria  to  support  TC  consular  coop-

eration, to Italy to support booking of flights in the FAR system, consular cooperation and 

reviewing the return case management system, to Belgium and Germany to support book-

ing of flights in the FAR system and to Greece to support the Greek authorities in TC con-

sular cooperation.

Timeframe for implementation

Return Specialist deployments under the SC are  deployed from 27 January  2021 to Poland, 

Belgium, Germany and Greece. Later in 2021, Return Specialists will be deployed to Austria, 

Italy, the Netherlands, France and 6 more locations in Germany.

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How to request this service

For all type of requests in this field of work, meaning request for Return Specialist deploy-

ment, requests for training, exchange and other support, 

MS should forward the request to ECRET.foa@frontex.europa.eu.  

Particularly, in case of request for a deployment of Return Specialist, MS are requested to in-

dicate the sub-activities that the Return Specialists should cover.

3.3  Support in pre-return activities 
Third Country cooperation 

Frontex provides support to Member States in the pre-return stage in facilitating coopera-

tion with countries of return. This will include coordination of activities, delivery of services 

and deployment of staff to strengthen Third Countries cooperation.

• 

Coordination of identification missions (IM) and other identification and documenta-

tion related activities, use of technical solutions for identification;

•  Organisation of familiarisation visits, inward and outward missions, (consular) work-

shops, seminars, study visits;

•  Development  and  implementation  of  targeted  Action  Plans  related  to  technical  and 

operational assistance for Third Countries in the field of return;

• 

Supporting  the  MS  in  deploying  European  Return  Liaison  Officers  (EURLO)  in  Third 

Countries to facilitate Member States and Agency’s activities in the field of return and 

coordinating the EURLO Network;

•  Deployment  of  Return  Specialists  to  facilitate  capacity  building  and  cooperation  in 

Third Countries;

• 

Coordination  of  country  working  groups  and  other  meetings  for  the  identification, 

documentation  and  exchange  of  best  practices  as  well  as  set-up  of  joint  pre-return 

procedures.

Examples

• 

The  IM  is  a  return  related  activity  through  which  Frontex  provides  support  to  the 

Member States for the identification of nationality and/or identity of TCN and acqui-

sition of travel documents for the implementation of return. The activity can be con-

ducted upon MS request or Frontex proposal. The IM is carried out by TC identification 

expert(s) (hereinafter IDE);

• 

• 

The TC IDE can perform their activities through face-to-face interviews or using tech-
nical means, such as teleconferencing and videoconferencing;

The IM can be carried out on a short-term or long-term basis, for the interest of one 

Member  State  (national  IM)  or  more  (joint  IM).  The  TC  identification  expert(s)  con-

ducting their activities on a long-term basis and posted in one MS can be requested to 

perform short-term identification activities in other MS, upon prior agreement of the 

TC concerned and host MS;

• 

European Return Liaison Officers (EURLO) are national immigration officers special-

ised in return matters. The network has gradually been taken over from BEL in 2020. 

The EURLOs can support on request all MS and the Agency in return-related activities, 

in particular identification and documentation processes and facilitate in the organisa-

tion of return operations, creating an important link between the authorities in the TC 

and MS/Frontex. As of January 2021, 9 EURLOs (to AFG, BGD/IND, ETH, EGY, GMB, KEN/

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Frontex Catalogue of Services3. Return related activities 

SOM, NGA, UZB/TJK/KGZ and VNM) are supported by Frontex, whilst a deployment to 

GHA will restart with Frontex support in March. Next year, the Agency will take over 

the financing of deployments to CIV/GIN and COD, finalising the phase-in of the whole 

EURLO Network.

Timeframe for implementation

• 

Available  –  practical  implementation  depending  on  activity/MS  and  TC  situation 

involved.

How to request this service

• 

In case of need for Frontex support on coordination of identification missions, MS are 

requested to follow the process as described in the “Specific Activity Plan for the organ-

isation of Identification Missions” (SAP IM) of the FOA-R 2021 (uploaded in FOSS and 

IRMA). According to the defined process, a ‘Request for assistance for the organisation 

of an identification mission’ form (Annex 1 in SAP IM in FOA-R 2021), should be submit-
ted to Frontex via functional email ECRET.foa@frontex.europa.eu.
In order to provide a tailor-made support to the MS, MS are requested to include all the 

relevant information subject to Frontex assessment and final decision on approval or of 

justified rejection of support to interested MS.

•  Other  requests  such  as  requests  for  inward  and  outward  missions,  (consular)  work-
shops,  seminars  and  study  visits  can  be  requested  through  the  usual  communication 

lines, or via functional email ECRET.foa@frontex.europa.eu.

3.4  Return operations 

Support to Member States includes:

• 

The Frontex Application for Return (FAR), accessible via IRMA, as a web-based appli-

cation  developed  based  on  users’  needs  and  recommendations  for  the  organization 

of return operations. Operational management and assistance of Frontex-supported 

return operations, already in the organisational phase and operational coordination in 

• 

• 

• 

• 

departing/transiting MS airports, seaports etc;

Tickets for returnees and staff for returns by scheduled flights;

Travel desk hot-line available 24/7 (for returns by scheduled flights);

Both charter and scheduled flights teams perform standby duty to offer 24/7 service to 

the Member States for operational needs and emergencies;

Chartering of aircraft for returns by charter flights and ferries for readmission opera-
tions based on the EU-Turkey Statement;

•  Upon  MS  request/agreement,  deploying  Standing  Corps  Return  Teams  composed  of 
Forced Return Escorts and Support Officers (FRESO) as escorts on ad-hoc return oper-

ations from the pre-departure phase until the handover of the returnees;

•  Upon  MS  request,  deploying  monitors  from  the  pool  of  forced-return  monitors  in 

forced-return operations;

•  Operational  coordination  with  European  Return  Liaison  Officers  (EURLO)  /Liaison 

• 

• 

Officers deployed in the third countries of return and with EU DEL;

Providing  equipment  in  support  of  return  activities  (e.g.  vests,  medical  kits  during 

return operations, etc.);

Financing or (co)-financing return operations via Grant Agreement with MS (including 

staff and other eligible costs);

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• 

Reimbursing  the  COVID-19  test  costs  for  third  country  nationals  and  staff  on  board 

Frontex-supported return operations;

•  Deploying  Return  Teams  composed  of  Forced  Return  Escort  and  Support  Officers 
(FRESO)  from  the  Standing  Corps  in  key  EU  airports  to  provide  operational  sup-

port on the ground to departing or transiting return operations by both charter and 

scheduled flights.

Forced Return Escorts and Support Officers are also deployed to Greece to support read-

mission operations.

Examples

• 

• 

• 

• 

Through FAR the MS can:
 ◆

organize return operation and request the purchasing of flight tickets for sched-

uled flights;

 ◆

 ◆

 ◆

request the Agency to charter an aircraft in a short notice (from one to two weeks), 

not only for all types of return, but also for connecting flights;

request  the  deployment  of  FRESO  to  fulfil  escorting  tasks  on  return  operations 

coordinated by Frontex;

request the deployment of forced-return monitors. Out of all monitors deployed in 

2020, the majority was from the Frontex pool;

Frontex can also organise return operations (together with a leading MS) on its own 

initiative if MS are lacking resources, the network of contacts in CoR or the ‘know how’;

The total number of TCNs returned with the support of the Agency (including readmis-

sions) was rising until the COVID related restrictions were introduced;

In 2020 more than twelve thousand third country nationals were returned with the 

support of Frontex under one of the activities, charter, scheduled flights and readmis-

sion operations. All operations were coordinated/implemented using FAR. 

Timeframe for implementation

• 

• 

Scheduled flights – according to the needs of MS and depending on the available flights; 

Charter  flights  –  according  to  the  needs  of  MS  and  depending  on  the  availability  of 

aircrafts.

How to request this service

• 

There  are  two  ways:  accessing  the  respective  modules  in  FAR  (scheduled  flights 

or  charter  fights)  or  via  email  to  FJRCC@frontex.europa.eu  (charter  flights); 

returns.scheduledflights@frontex.europa.eu (scheduled flights);

• 

The  Agency  assesses  each  request  for  support  on  an  individual  basis,  considering  all 

complex  variables  (the  principles  of  cost-effectiveness,  time-effectiveness,  respect  to 
fundamental rights, security, operational conditions and flexibility) and tailoring opera-

tional solutions based on applicable requirements.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services3. Return related activities 

3.5  Post-return and reintegration support (as of 2022)

Support in post-return and reintegration will include both post-arrival and post-return ac-

tivities. It will be initiated throughout the return procedures, and implemented by service 

providers/reintegration partners upon arrival of the returnee in the country of return. These 

activities will be provided upon request of the returning Member States. 

The Agency will offer support in the post-return and reintegration stages as part of the Fron-

tex Reintegration Programme. These are activities that will be transferred from the European 

Return and Reintegration Network (ERRIN, a Dutch-led AMIF programme) by mid- 2022.  

The support will focus on the set-up and maintenance of a network of service providers, with 

whom the MS can initiate post-return and reintegration support packages for returnees in 

line with their national legislation. The service will overall be coordinated by the Agency’s 

HQ and can be logistically supported by antenna offices and/or deployments on the ground 

in both Member States and non-EU countries. 

The activities are interlinked with pre-return activities, in particular focusing on promoting 

voluntary return via return counselling, as well as cooperation with non-EU countries of re-

turn.  Necessary actions to cover the needs of vulnerable groups or families with children 

will also be taken when appropriate.    

The Agency can provide a coordinating role in:

• 

Collecting the Member States overall needs in the field of post-return and reintegration.

Collecting best practices and setting standards. 

• 
•  Negotiating  agreements  with  service  providers/reintegration  partners  and  financing 

on behalf of Member States.

•  Offering reintegration packages to Member States via a central platform. 
•  Monitoring and analysing the outcomes of post-return and reintegration activities. 

Deployment in Member States of Return Specialists of the standing corps will allow imple-

mentation of return counselling activities in order to better manage, coordinate and facilitate 

post-return and reintegration activities. Additionally, support from the European Return Liaison 

Officers (EURLOs) and standing corps Return Specialists in Third Countries may be provided.

Examples

Currently, the Agency is in the process of taking over key activities of the ERRIN Programme, 

in accordance with the ERRIN Transfer Plan, adopted by the Agency in June 2020.

Timeframe for implementation

• 

• 

• 

Pilot activity for joint reintegration services is planned to be implemented in Q1/2021;

In 2022, the Agency will start its joint reintegration services as a regular activity;

The  establishment  of  the  training  curriculum  for  return  counsellors  within  the  SC  is 

under development with first pilot training planned for December 2020.

How to request this service
•  MS  can  request  for  deployments  of  return  counsellors  through  sending  an  email  to 

ECRET.foa@frontex.europa.eu.

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3.6  Support in the area of return via digitalisation

The digitalisation of the return process allows for a better information collection and analy-

sis,  sharing  and  harmonisation  of  best  practices.  Altogether  it  facilitates  the  communica-

tion in return matters. 

New features are foreseen for the central system – IRMA 2.0 – to allow for an integrated 

approach. The main ones are listed below:

• 

• 

• 

Links to other systems, including Member States national Return Case Management 

Systems (RECAMAS), EASO’s IDS and potentially others;

Convergence with and expansion of operational functionalities of the Frontex Applica-

tion for Return (FAR), as part of IRMA 2.0;

Embedded financial component for improved monitoring and management of grant 

agreements implementation and expenditure;

•  Data collection and business intelligence solutions (as an integral part of all the plat-

forms and systems). 

In order to further decrease the administrative burden and facilitate user-friendliness, the 

central platform will feature a common access and user management.

Digitalisation will affect all stages of the return process, such as features to book voluntary 

returns/voluntary departures in FAR, features to ensure better involvement of EURLOs in 

the return process by granting them FAR access, providing information on post-arrival and 

post-return packages (to Member States), booking of post-arrival and post-return packages 

(by Member States), reporting and monitoring of implementation of post-arrival and post-re-

turn activities, communication with service providers (predominantly NGO, international or-

ganisations) and features to interlink post-arrival and post-return packages with pre-return 

activities/requests and (requests for) return operations, and others.

In terms of digitalisation at national level, Member States/Schengen Associated Countries 

are able to rely on Frontex support in the context of RECAMAS: reference model and gap 

analyses, as well as the corresponding expert and financial support.

Return experts from the standing corps (mainly category 2 and 3) may namely be deployed 

in Member States in order to support national authorities in developing and/or improving 

national return systems, interlinkages and supporting tools.

Further developments may include support in the area of digitalising the identification and 

documentation process, including aligning (models for) readmission case management sys-

tems and secure videoconferencing solutions.

Examples

• 

Through the FAR modules, Frontex already manages the organization and coordina-

tion of forced returns and provides technical assistance to voluntary returns;

•  Grant agreement for improvement of national return case management system (e.g. 
new module on document registration) (RECAMAS) following gap analysis and agreed 

recommendations; 

Creation of dedicated workspaces/forum on IRMA; 

Statistical data collection and visualization, including possibility to create tailored reports; 

Trainings on reporting tools and IRMA functionalities.

• 

• 

• 

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Frontex Catalogue of Services3. Return related activities 

Timeframe for implementation

• 

• 

Frontex Application for Returns (FAR) is 24/7 available for MS; 

RECAMAS support is permanently available but yearly planning is applicable; 

IRMA support, including trainings, permanently available; 

• 
•  Data reporting and visualization permanently available.

How to request this service
•  Dedicated roles for FAR can be requested via IRMA; 
• 

All digitalization related services and support can be requested to IRMA Service Desk at 

IRMA@frontex.europa.eu.

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50 of 71

Frontex Catalogue of Services4. Capability Development 

4. Capability 

Development 

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Photo © Frontex, 2019

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Frontex Catalogue of Services4. Capability Development 
4. Capability Development 

4.1  Services related to capabilities

4.1.1  Strategic Planning and Capability Management 

A.  Support to the multiannual IBM policy cycle

B.  Support in developing national IBM strategies

C.  Support in developing and implementing national Capability Development Plans (CDPs)

D.  Support to managing and deploying capabilities in operational activities 

E.  Establishing and implementing Capability Roadmap

F.  Establish and implement quality management system for capabilities (such as ISO 9001)

Third Countries cooperation contributes to develop EBCG capabilities for IBM.

Examples

Management and Deployment of Capabilities

• 

Support to Capability Deployment and Management:
 ◆ Opera Evo Training
 ◆
 ◆ Workshops conducted in the framework of the PRN and other meetings dedicated 
to  the  definition  of  profiles,  the  allocation  of  numbers  and  profiles  per  MS/SAC, 

Pooled Resources Network (PRN)

strengthening of the pooling process etc.

• 

IBM and CDP: This is a new service reflecting Article 8 and 9 of the Regulation. The 
scope  and  modalities  will  be  developed  together  with  Member  States  through  ded-

icated  forums  such  as  the  High  Level  IBM  Working  Group  and  the  future  forum  on 

Capability Development.

How to request this service

HoO.CAP@frontex.europa.eu

4.1.2  Operational safety and health
A.  Promoting a harmonised approach to Duty of Care taking into account e.g.:

 ◆ Occupational Safety and Health (including Mental Health)
 ◆
 ◆

Public health challenges at the external borders

System Safety Management

B.  Preparing  deployment  of  national  personnel  to  the  Agency’s  operational  activities 

through
 ◆
 ◆

Guidelines and best practices

Training activities

C.  Providing advice on personal protective equipment using the Agency’s equipment as a 

benchmark

Third Country cooperation is a key to ensuring comprehensive approach to the Duty of Care 

in the context of operational activities in Third Countries and returns.

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Examples

• 

• 

Guidelines on Vaccination Schemes

Publications
 ◆ Deployment Information
 ◆
 ◆ Mental Health Strategy
 ◆
Requirements  on  Personal  Protective  Equipment  and  First  and  Tactical  Emergency 

Regional Migrant Health Care Contingency Plan

Casualty Care

•  Mental Health Network

Timeframe for implementation

Publications are available in the public domain. Details on requirements can be provided on request.

How to request this service

OSH@frontex.europa.eu 

4.2  Equipment, support and integrated  

supply chain management

4.2.1  Acquisition and through-life management

Advising Member States upon request in the context of acquisition and through-life, man-

agement related issues, including EU-funded projects.

Developing the Agency’s capability to act as a centre of excellence to offer a wide range of 

services that will help the national authorities build their capacity and deal with a variety of 

challenges at their borders in:

• 

• 

Requirements Capture

Concept Development

Function and Performance Specification

• 
•  Undertaking complete systems engineering design and integration tasks from concept 

to disposal*

• 

• 

Support the assessment of alternative options that are available in the market, to eval-

uate how closely each meets requirements.

Life Costs Analysis (LCCA), and Support to Business Case Development

Supporting cost-benefit analysis for different aspects of an asset’s capability 

• 
•  Determining the technical compliance and risk of competing tenders*
• 

Support to Industry engagement (Request for Information/Proposal/Tender)*

• 

Project / Contract Management 

Processing engineering changes and packages*

• 
•  Maintaining configuration of technical data both in the design phase and the in-service 

phase*

• 

• 

• 

To ensure product (or design) achieves applicable safety standards*

Test and Trials, Verification and Validation, and Acceptance

Technical support for through life design enhancement such as retrofit, refurbishment 

or increased capability

The Services provided to Third Countries under the umbrella of Third Countries operations.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services4. Capability Development 
4. Capability Development 

Examples

Advice on acquisition and through-life management topics in the context of the technical 

requirements and Life Cost Analysis

Timeframe for implementation

3 months frame

How to request this service

Through NFPoC.

4.3  Training 

4.3.1  Capacity building in Member States 

A.  Developing and delivering a variety of harmonized programmes (Common Core Cur-

ricula  (CCC-basic,  CCC-mid-level  management),  and  the  European  Joint  Master’s  in 

Strategic Border Management);

B.  Providing support to the Member States/Schengen Associated Countries in the imple-

mentation of the Common Core Curricula;

C.  Further developing cooperation among border and coast guards training institutions 

in the Member States/Schengen Associated Countries and Non-EU partner countries 

through maintaining and strengthening of formal networks.

The above-mentioned training products or, by case, specific tailored training products, can 

be offered as part of an EU benefit package during the negotiations with cooperative Third 

Countries, subject to a thorough needs assessment.

How to request this service

uest to HOU.TRU@frontex.europa.eu or, in case of a follow up to a Vulnerability Assess-

ment report , to HoU.VAU@frontex.europa.eu.

4.3.2  Specialized trainings in various IBM related areas  

Frontex  promotes  a  high  and  equal  standard  of  border  checks  at  the  external  borders  of 

the  European  Union  especially  through  providing  training  on  the  general  European  Inte-

grated Border Management concept as well as for individual strategic components of Eu-

ropean IBM Strategy.

INTEGRATED BORDER MANAGEMENT RELATED TRAINING PRODUCTS

1.  Course on Integrated Border Management

The aim of this course is to support the harmonized implementation of the European 

IBM  concept  based  on  the  European  Border  and  Coast  Guard  Regulation  at  national 

level. The target group of the course are high-level experts from Member States/SACs 

involved in the implementation of a national IBM strategy and Action Plan in line with 

EU standards, especially with the Technical and Operational strategy for European IBM.

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2.  Course on Schengen Evaluations (incl. Thematic Schengen Evaluation)

The aim of this course is to promote professional knowledge on how to carry out an ob-

jective evaluation mission in the fields of air, sea and land borders, as well as return. The 

training is based on the “learning by doing” method, meaning that the theoretical part 

of the training is limited. Knowledge is embedded through very practical exercises car-

ried on in a real environment via on-site visit-simulations at real border crossing points 

and return facilities of selected Member States.

3.  Course on Advance Information (practitioner level)

The aim of this course is to facilitate harmonised capabilities of MS/SACs to use the ad-

vanced traveller information analysis to safeguard efficient and effective border man-

agement and to mitigate risks to internal security at the EU level.  The course provides 

basic training for border guards performing tactical risk profiling and traveller target-

ing at national level.

4.  Course on Vulnerabilities of ABC Systems

The aim of this course is to promote a high and uniform standard of border checks at the 

external borders of the European Union, including by providing MS/SACs experts with the 

necessary knowledge, skills and competences in order to assess ABC systems vulnerabilities 

and take appropriate mitigations to reduce risk likelihood and impact on internal security.

5.  Course on Customs and Border Guard Cooperation – Advisers

The  aim  of  this  course  is  to  increase  synergies  and  the  tactical  cooperation  between 

border guards and customs officers working at the EU land, maritime and air external 

borders. Among the operational aspects covered by this course are: the legal basis for 

enhanced cooperation, the impact of border guard-customs cooperation and relevant 

mutual benefits, SOPs for the common border checks, solutions to be applied at the lo-

cal, regional and national level for enhanced border guard-customs cooperation as well 

as the preventive anti-corruption measures at the external borders.

6.  Course on Entry-Exit-System

The aim of the course is to support Member States in preparing their border guards for 

the introduction of the entry-exit-system at the external borders. The target group of 

the course are multipliers from MS/SACs who will take the responsibility to spread the 

gained knowledge and skills at national level. 

7.  Course on European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS)

The  aim  of  the  course  is  to  support  MS/SACs  in  building  the  capacity  of  their  border 

guards for the introduction of the European Travel Information and Authorisation Sys-

tem at the external borders.

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AND SITUATION MONITORING RELATED TRAINING PRODUCTS

8.  European course for CIRAM risk analysts

The strategic aim of this course is to develop competences and harmonise practices in 

the field of risk analysis at European level. Learners will develop competences in carrying 

out CIRAM-based risk analysis to support decision-making. These competences will en-

able them to become specialised members of staff with a high degree of independence 

and analytical thinking, performing professional tasks based on the Common Integrated 

Risk Analysis Model, within the scope of Integrated Border Management.

DOCUMENT AND IDENTITY FRAUD RELATED TRAINING PRODUCTS

9.  Advanced Level Document Expert Course

The aim of this course is to qualify the participants for acting as advanced level docu-

ment officer in Frontex operational activities. The course is also used to train the train-

ers, thus providing the participants with an opportunity to act as multipliers at national 

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Frontex Catalogue of Services4. Capability Development 
4. Capability Development 

level. The target group and the content of the course is defined by the “framework for 

harmonised programme for the training of document examiners in three levels” (Coun-

cil Doc. No. 9551/07 and 16261/14)."

The course provides the knowledge and the skills to identify genuine documents on the 

basis of primary and advanced security features and personalisation techniques and to 

refer suspicious documents to a higher level of expertise. Learners are expected to es-

tablish conclusively the status of the document under inspection/examination.  The Ad-

vanced Level Document Officer course will also add an extra focus on latest technologies 

and perspectives in authentication of identities, documents and identity fraud.

10.  Train the Trainers Course on Facial Features for Imposter Detection

This course was developed in order to have a universal systematic approach when de-

ciding if the person who presents the document is actually the same person as in the 

photo and to combat the look alike fraud successfully. 

Due to the use of higher quality security features in identity documents it has become 

increasingly  difficult  to  forge  such  a  document.  As  a  consequence  look  alike  fraud  is 

more prevalent.

11.  Course for Specialists on Identity and Security Documents

The aim of this course is to qualify the participants for acting as false document experts 

at specialist level. The content of the course is based on the Framework for the harmo-

nised programme for the training of document examiners in three levels (Council Doc. 

No. 9551/07 and 16261/14) and takes into consideration the latest developments in the 

authentication process related to the identity chain.

12.  Specialized  training  packages  in  various  operational  areas  associated  with  the 

implementation of the operational activities (to be specifically determined in con-

nection with the operational need identified)

All the aforementioned training products will make full advantage of the Frontex iden-

tified best practices and standards and will foster the integration of the results of re-

search activities.

Priority will be assigned to providing assistance to those Member States requiring sup-

port of the Agency as part of the Technical Expertise Offer (TEO) process, to support 

the implementation of a measure issued as part of Vulnerability Assessment activities.

e.g Member States can request training on CIRAM methodology as part of the Technical 

Expertise Offer (TEO) provided by the Agency, in the framework of Vulnerability Assess-

ment activities. In 2019, six Member States requested training for CIRAM under TEO.”

Examples
Intensive training on CIRAM methodology.

Timeframe for implementation
Varies according to the duration of each training (average 1 week).

How to request this service

Request to HOU.TRU@frontex.europa.eu or, in case of a follow up to a Vulnerability As-

sessment report, to HoU.VAU@frontex.europa.eu.

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4.3.3  Training tools, methodologies and Quality Assurance    

A.  Provide e-learning instructional design and digital learning solutions; 

B.  Enable collaboration, cooperation and delivery of training services through online sys-

tems for the European Border and Coast Guard community;

C.  Promote the Sectoral Qualifications Framework for EBCG based course; 

D.  Design and implement an effective quality control mechanism.

The above-mentioned services apply to Third Countries.

Examples
Sharing best practice in curriculum and course design, competence based training using the 

SQF, a model for training operational trainers in training methodology, best practice in design-

ing blended and online courses, effective instructional design solutions and learning manage-

ment options; best practice in quality assuring training and assessments in vocational training.

Timeframe for implementation

2021-2023

How to request this service

Request to HOU.TRU@frontex.europa.eu.

4.4  Research and Innovation 

4.4.1  Developing standards

Develop standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility of equipment for the EBCG 

for the purpose of:

1.  Acquisition of equipment for Frontex operational activities; 

2.  Supporting the European Commission decision-making process for funding the pur-

chase of technical equipment by Member States financed through the financial instru-

ments in place;

3.  Supporting Member States in their procurement of technical equipment.

Examples
Frontex is currently developing 5 technical reports comprising minimum and operational 
requirements for equipment in the  following fields: maritime, aerial, land border  surveil-

lance, documents inspection system and Entry Exit System.

How to request this service

Requests should be sent via the respective NFPoC to Frontex generic email address: frontex@

frontex.europa.eu and the Frontex Research and Innovation Unit: HoU.RIU@frontex.europa.eu.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services4. Capability Development 
4. Capability Development 

4.4.2  Capacity development  

of Member States and Third Countries, technical assistance

Support the EBCG and the Commission on the implementation of EU policies on new tech-

nologies and capabilities, such as EES and ETIAS by providing;

1.  Advise on processes, technology, systems and equipment insertion at national level;

2.  Technical assistance to Member States and Third Countries in implementing new pol-

icies and technologies as well as building new capabilities for border management; 

3. 

Identification of vulnerabilities of technical equipment.

Examples
•  Guidelines on Advance Information
•  Operational research support to the Entry/Exit System implementation

Timeframe for implementation

Depending on the request

How to request this service

Requests  should  be  sent  via  the  respective  NFPoC  to  Frontex  generic  email  ad-

dress:  frontex@frontex.europa.eu  and  the  Frontex  Research  and  Innovation  Unit: 

HoU.RIU@frontex.europa.eu.

4.4.3 

IBM Related Research: 

1. 

Establishment of a network to foster research and innovation;

2.  Establishment of the Border Management Innovation Platform, by providing a virtual 

and physical laboratory for testing, evaluating technologies and standards; 

3.  The  development  of  technology  foresight  to  regularly  assess  the  future  of  technol-

ogy and science with the aim to identify and influence the technologies that will in a 

medium and long-term perspective have the biggest impact on the EU borders and the 

Border and Coast Guard community; 

4.  Act  as  Senior  User  of  border  security  research  with  the  Commission  on  EU-funded 

border security research projects across the entire project life cycle; 

5.  Assist the Member States and the Commission in identifying key research themes, tak-

ing into account the capability roadmap; 

6.  Provide a centralised framework process for research in support of Frontex business 

units, including research contract management.

Examples

• 

• 

• 

• 

Research Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI) - based capabilities for the European Bor-

der and Coast Guard (EBCG)

Technology Foresight on Biometrics for the Future of Travel

Framework Contract for the provision of research and innovation assistance and advi-

sory services

Information  on  all  the  EU  funded  border  security  research  projects  followed  by 
Research and Innovation Unit is available on Frontex website: https://frontex.europa.eu/
research/eu-research/horizon-projects/?p=1

Timeframe for implementation

The timeframe will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

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How to request this service

Requests should be sent via the respective NFPoC to Frontex generic email address: frontex@

frontex.europa.eu  and  the  Frontex  Research  and  Innovation  Unit:  HoU.RIU@frontex.

europa.eu.

4.4.4  Management of Technological Innovation 

1. 

Test and evaluate the potential of technologies, systems and equipment virtually and 

in reality for the EBCG;

2.  Provide market research and manage dialogue with industries identifying innovative 

and disruptive technologies for innovation insertion for border management;

3.  Conduct pilot activities to assess and evaluate technologies for border control assess-

ing tools and procedures for IBM.

Third Countries may be invited to take part in innovation activities.

Examples

Conduct a pilot in operational environment in cooperation and hosted by a Member State 

and report e.g. EES pilot, Biometrics on the move, Aerostat and RPAS. 

The pilot projects concern surveillance equipment and processes (platforms, sensors, integra-

tion, communication); border checks (biometrics, checks equipment, integration, communi-

cations); and analysis-decision support tools and capability tools necessary in border checks. 

Member States through the Innovation cells co-create technology Innovation pilot projects 

and shape capabilities.

Organisation of Industry I-days in the area of innovation insertion (in-market or near-to-

market products and services), following procedures under transparency and open compe-

tition principles, specifically in support of standing corps including innovation to be used in 

training newly recruited officers.

Timeframe for implementation

The timeframe will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

How to request this service

Requests should be sent via the respective NFPoC to Frontex generic email address: frontex@

frontex.europa.eu  and  the  Frontex  Research  and  Innovation  Unit:  HoU.RIU@frontex.

europa.eu.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services 
5. International and European Cooperation 
5. International and European Cooperation 

5. International and 

European Cooperation 

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Photo © Frontex, 2019

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Frontex Catalogue of Services5. International and European Cooperation 

5.1  Facilitating and supporting cooperation  

between the Member States and Third Countries 

Tasked to promote European IBM standards in the external dimension, Frontex provides sup-

port to the Member States in their cooperation with third countries. 

On an ad hoc basis Frontex may support the Member States in the planning and implemen-

tation of border management projects in third countries, by providing its expertise, tools and 

where relevant, partnering on concrete activities.

Examples

For example, Frontex has been supporting Italy in the implementation of the ITEPA project 

in cooperation with Egypt, is engaged in joint Italy-Frontex-EUBAM Libya training for the 

Libyan GACS and has been working closely with the Polish Border Guard Service on coop-

eration activities with Ukraine.

Timeframe for implementation

Continuous.

How to request this service

This service can be requested by contacting frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

5.2  Frontex Liaison Officers in Third Countries

Frontex Liaison Officers deployed in third countries may support EU Member States in their 

cooperation with relevant authorities of those third countries within the remit of the mandate 

of the Agency. The tasks of the Agency's Liaison Officers include establishing and maintain-

ing contacts with the competent authorities of the third country to which they are assigned 

with a view to contributing to the prevention of and fight against illegal immigration and the 

return of returnees. The latter includes technical assistance in identification of third-coun-

try nationals and the acquisition of travel documents. Upon certain conditions, Frontex may 

also support a Member State in deploying a return liaison officer (EURLO) in a third country.

Frontex Liaison Officers work closely with the European network of immigration liaison of-

ficers. These officers are deployed in third countries by the Member States, the Commission 

and Union agencies.

Examples

FLOs regularly attend local ILO meetings, contributing with information on the key devel-

opments and coordinating their actions with MS ILOs.

Timeframe for implementation

Continuous.

How to request this service

Support of the FLOs in third countries can be requested by contacting frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

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5.3  Frontex liaison officers in EU Member States/ 

Schengen Associated Countries

Frontex deployed Liaison Officers to the EU Member States and Schengen Associated Coun-

tries foster cooperation and dialogue between the Agency and relevant national authorities. 

Their tasks and responsibilities are stipulated in Article 31 of Regulation 2019/1896. Frontex 

Liaison Officers contribute to promoting the application of the Union acquis relating to the 

management  of  the  external  borders  and  return,  including  with  regard  to  the  respect  for 

fundamental rights. 

By facilitating the communication between the Member State and the Agency, they can sup-

port the Member States in any matter related to the Agency’s mandate by sharing informa-

tion, enhancing existing communication channels and establishing new contacts between 

the Member States and the Agency.

Through  their  regular  contacts  with  the  relevant  national  authorities  they  share  relevant 

information from the Agency with the Member States, including information about ongo-

ing operations.

They support both the Agency and the MSs with the collection of information referred to 

in Article 32 and required by the Agency, to carry out the vulnerability assessment and pre-

pare a report for this purpose.

They can further assist, where possible, the Member States in preparing their contingency 

plans concerning border management.

Examples

A wide range of activities as defined in Article 31 of the Regulation.

Timeframe for implementation

Continuous.

How to request this service

Support  of  the  FLOs  can  be  requested  by  contacting  respective  FLOs  and/or 

frontex@frontex.europa.eu.

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Frontex Catalogue of Services6. ICT Services 

6. ICT Services 

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Photo © Frontex, 2019

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Frontex Catalogue of Services6. ICT Services 

6.1  ETIAS Central Unit Services 

Execution of the tasks attributed to the ETIAS Central Unit by the ETIAS Regulation, which 

entails benefits for the MS by being released of performing these operations. 

Manual processing of the applications 

Process to the manual verification of the travelers’ application files In case of hit in the ETIAS 

central system against the European and Interpol databases, the watch list or the screening 

rules, in order to confirm or reject the hit.  This correspond to the first line of manual handling 

of the ETIAS requests and reduces the workload for the ETIAS National Units (ETIAS NUs) – 

which can deal with the cases that deserve an assessment rather than having to sift all files. 

It also allows economies of scale for this activity. The higher accuracy rate of the assessment 

by the ETIAS Central Unit, the more the ETIAS NUs can deal with the really problematic files.

Support the definition of specific risk indicators and screening rules 

Review the dashboards of the risk indicators, identify significant variations, in order to pro-

pose the elaboration and activation in the system of new screening rules or to deactivate 

existing screening rules.

Review the input of the Member States in order to setup specific screening rules, investigate 

which indicators to use, determine a proposal of screening rules, test ex-ante the impact of 

the activation of these on the system and on the processes at the borders. Liaise with mem-

bers of the ETIASScreening Board and organise the respective meetings.

Facilitation of the coordination between  

ETIAS NUs among them and between ETIAS NU with ETIAS CU

Enable and support the cooperation amongst ETIAS NUs, and between ETIAS NUs, Europol 

and the ETIAS CU by offering the accommodations to host Member States/National Units Li-

aison Officers in a close vicinity of each other with the necessary technical means in the Fron-

tex premises where ETIAS CU is located in order to allow them to discuss the cases where 

multiple consultations are required and to fulfil all their other functions related to the im-

plementation of the ETIAS Regulation.

Failures notification

The ETIAS CU notifies failures in the system that would create impossibility of or significant 

difficulties in the processing of the applications by the ETIAS NUs or in the check by the carri-

ers at the boarding or in the checks executed by the MS’ border guards at the border crossing 

point in a Member State. ETIAS CU indicates as well actions to be undertaken by the ETIAS 

NUs and the carriers in case of technical failure in the Central System.

Provide a helpdesk function for the travelers

Supplying off line information to travelers and updating the general information such as FAQ 

on the official web site of ETIAS so that no or less resources must for that purpose be allo-

cated by the MS.

Providing general information to the public and the travelers  

in particular, and participating to the initial information campaign

Preparation of the content of the messages part of the campaign, support of the consolida-

tion of the content for Member States and European Commission.

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Quality control of the data in the system

In the project phase, develop the processes and procedures to effectively assess the quality 

of the data and, once in operation, execution of the quality control checks according to the 

defined rules, and therefore, reduce the workload and the capacity in the Member States, 

was this rule not implemented.

Data Controller role

Execute the role of data controller as prescribed in Regulation 2018/1725 for the ETIAS Cen-

tral System. 

Grant access to the application files to Europol for law enforcement purposes

Grant access to Europol to the relevant data of the applications files, following an official re-

quest made by Europol as foreseen in the Regulation.

Reporting 

Deliver the reports foreseen in the ETIAS Regulation. 

Training activities for ETIAS in collaboration with eu-LISA and CEPOL

In  collaboration  with  eu-LISA,  and  other  partners,  training  will  be  organized  for  MS  staff 

members involved in ETIAS operation. The contribution of Frontex will mainly focus on the 

interactions and procedures to be used between ETIAS CU and ETIAS NUs and the best prac-

tices of the use of the Central systems in the operational context.

Delivering a platform for discussion and sorting out  

organizational and functional issues at the ETIAS user community level

Organising  meetings,  collection  of  data  and  opinion  in  order  to  standardise  practices  be-

tween ETIAS CU and ENUs, getting feedback and proposing or implementing improvements.

Categorisation of the links created  

by the matches of data in the Multiple Identity Detector (MID)

Initial data verification for the data matched through the MID that leads to the qualification 

of the nature of the links between personal data contained in different EU Information Sys-

tems based on the alleged matches asserted by the MID component, and the categorisation 

of those links. In the initial phase of the use of the MID in combination with a EU informa-

tion system, staff of the ETIAS Central Unit will qualify the nature/characteristic of the links 

created in case of a match established by the MID between so similar data stored in differ-

ent systems, as this match indicate a potential correspondence for the biometric and bio-

graphic data. 

The advantages of this initial processing are

1. 

that the process will not have to be ensured by the Member States (no resources to be 

devoted on the Member States side to perform the initial assessment and categoriza-

tion of the links);

2. 

that there will be no need to make the investigation at the moment of the encounter 

of a hit at the border crossing of a person and it will reduce processing time;

3. 

that the links between data will lead to a single interpretation immediately usable for 

the law enforcement officers and the border guard officers.

Examples

Activities to implement the above services, as per the applicable legal framework.

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Timeframe for implementation

In line with the service levels and the timelines as provided in the applicable legal framework.

How to request this service

All services, apart from the facilitation of the coordination between ETIAS NUs, will be deliv-

ered without a specific request/demand from a MS, in line with the applicable legal framework.

The  facilitation  of  the  coordination  between  ETIAS  NUs  service  by  offering  accommoda-

tions to host Member States/National Units Liaison Officers can be requested by contact-

ing frontex@frontex.europa.eu

6.2  Access to EU information systems

Using a direct access to the European Information system (through an interface in Frontex 

connected to the systems in eu-LISA) for operational purposes. 

This access allows :

• 

To simplify the access to the information, having no need to be depend on the equip-

ment  and  the  user  access  permissions  to  be  granted  by  the  Member  States  in  their 

• 

• 

• 

systems. 

To simplify and unify the management of the permissions in the systems for the Fron-

tex members of the teams

To increase the speed of deployment

To optimise the use of the capacity offered by Frontex to a Member State in the con-

text of an operation and to increase the capacity of an operation.

The staff can be immediately deployed and consult the relevant databases without depend-

ing on the possibilities and be limited by the technical, logistical or administrative constraints 

of the Member State. 

Operations can be conducted in Third Countries.

Examples

EBCG teams access to the Schengen Information System (A2SISII)

Timeframe for implementation

Implementation of the pilot project is planned for November 2021. The pilot will cover se-

lected Joint Operations and Border Crossing Points (BCP) at EU external borders.

How to request this service

The access to the A2SISII will be granted automatically to the members of the teams de-

ployed within Joint Operations (air, land and sea) via Opera Evolution System.

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List of acronyms used

AFIC Africa Frontex intelligence community

FADO  False  and  authentic  documents  on-

API advanced passenger information

line system

ARA annual risk assessment

FAR Frontex Application for Return

BCP border-crossing point

BLV blacklisted flag vessels

CBC cross-border crime

FDU Field Deployment Unit

FLO Frontex Liaison Officer

FSC Frontex Situation Centre

CBD capacity building division

FRAN Frontex Risk Analysis Network

CED Centre of Excellence Combatting Doc-

Frontex European Border and Coast Guard 

ument Fraud 

CF Charter Flights

Agency

FTF foreign terrorist fighter

CGLEU Coast Guard and Law Enforcement Unit

FWC Framework Contract

CGO Corporate Governance Division

GACS  Libya’s  General  Administration  for 

CoR Country of Return (sometimes also TCoR 

Coastal Security

for Third Country of Return)

GIS Geographical Information System

CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy

HQ headquarters

EaP Eastern Partnership

HR human resources

EASO European Asylum Support Office

IBC illegal border-crossing

EASO IDS European Asylum Support Office 

IBM integrated border management

Information and Documentation System 

ICJ International Court of Justice

EBCG European Border and Coast Guard

ICT  Information  and  communication 

EC European Commission

technology

ECRet European centre for return

ID identification document

EDPS European data protection supervisor

IEC  International  and  European  Coopera-

EMLO European Migration Liaison Officers

tion Division

EMN European Migration Network

ILO immigration liaison officer

EMPACT  (EU  Policy  Cycle  to  tackle  organ-

INTCEN European Union Intelligence and Sit-

ised and serious and international crime)

uation Centre

EMSA European maritime safety agency

IOM International Organization for Migration

EP European parliament

IRMA  Integration  Return  Management 

ERRIN European Return and Reintegration 

Application 

Network 

ITEPA  International  Training  Centre  at  the 

ETIAS European travel information and au-

Egyptian Police Academy

thorisation system

EU European Union

JAD Joint Action Day

JO Joint Operation

EUBAM EU Border Assistance Mission

JORA joint operations reporting application

EU+ 28 EU Member States plus Norway and 

LES Law Enforcement Sector

Switzerland

LPU Legal and Procurement Unit

EURLO European Return Liaison Officers 

MS EU Member State

Europol European Union Agency for Law En-

MMO multipurpose maritime operation

forcement Cooperation

MOST mobile operational support teams

Eurostat Statistical Office of the European 

MPR Media and Public Relation office

Union

NCC National Coordination Centre

EUROSUR  European  Border  Surveillance 

NGO non-governmental organisation

System

OCG organised crime group

EXP-DOC expert group on document control 

ODSO Operational Division Support Office

ORD operational response division

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Frontex Catalogue of Services