Projects that work for improved nutrition : case studies from EU-funded projects.
Date: 2021-11-24
Institutions: Directorate-General for International Partnerships
Subjects: EU financing, case study, development policy, food security, human nutrition, project evaluation, sustainable development

Projects that
work for improved

Nutrition

Case studies from EU-funded projects

International 
Partnerships

1

Acronyms

2FAS  

AGPII 

BReST 

CARI 

Food Fortification Advisory Service

Second Agricultural Growth programme (Ethiopia) 

Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutrition Security in The Gambia

Consolidated Approach for Reporting Indicators of Food Security

COVID-19 

Coronavirus Disease 2019

CSA 

DAC 

DeL 

DFID 

DINU 

EU 

EU-TF 

FNS 

GAIN 

IFAD  

IFPRI 

INCOPAS 

INSIDER 

IPC 

MAGA 

MDGc1 

N4G 

NCD 

NDICI 

NGO 

NNP II 

NSSS 

PAPS II 

PFOA 

SDGs  

SETSAN  

SESAN 

SUN 

TWG 

UN 

UNICEF 

UNOPS 

WASH 

WHA 

WHO 

Climate Smart Agriculture

Development Assistance Committee

EUROSAN Local Development (Honduras)

UK Department for International Development  
(Now the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office - FCDO)

Development Initiative for Northern Uganda

European Union

EU Reslience Trust Fund in the Northern Areas of Burkina Faso

Food and Nutrition Security

Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition

International Fund for Agricultural Development

International Food Policy Research Institute

Consultation and Social Participation Instance (Guatemala)

Integrated Strategies for Micronutrient Deficiency Reduction

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (Honduras)

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food (Guatemala) 

Millennium Development Goal c1 

Nutrition for Growth

Non-Communicable Disease

Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument

Non-Governmental Organisation

Second National Nutrition Programme (Ethiopia)

National Social Security Strategy (Bangladesh)

Sectoral Health Budget Support Programme in Burkina Faso 

Food Fortification Project for Vulnerable Populations in Madagascar

Sustainable Development Goals

Secretariat for Food and Nutrition Security (Mozambique)

Food and Nutrition Security Secretariat (Guatemala)

Scaling Up Nutrition

Technical Working Group 

United Nations

United Nations Children’s Fund

United Nations Office for Project Services

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

World Health Assembly

World Health Organization

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION 
2

Table of Contents

Introduction ________________________________________________________________________________3

Map of the projects  _________________________________________________________________________4

Sectoral health budget support programme in Burkina Faso (PAPS II) ______________________________ 6

Suchana: 2016-2022 - Ending the cycle of undernutrition in Bangladesh ___________________________ 7

AGPII: Harnessing agricultural investments  
to improve the diets of women and children in Ethiopia  __________________________________________ 9

Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU)_____________________________________________11

The MDG1c programme:  
building resilience for better diets in Mozambique _________________________________________________ 12

EU support to National Social Security Strategy (NSSS)  
reforms in Bangladesh 2019-2024 ___________________________________________________________14

EU Resilience Trust Fund in the northern areas of Burkina Faso (2017-2020) _______________________15

Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutrition Security in The Gambia (BReST) ___________17

Support to the Lao PDR National Nutrition Strategy and Plan of Action ____________________________19

Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Sector Reform Contract –  
EUROSAN Local Development (DeL) in Honduras 2020-2024 _____________________________________20

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION3

Introduction

The Tokyo Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit December 7-8, 2021 comes at a critical time: mid-way through the 
United Nations (UN) Decade of Action on Nutrition, we have nine years to reach the Sustainable Development Goal 
(SDG) 2 − ending hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030 − and four years to achieve the World Health 
Assembly (WHA) targets on maternal, infant and young child nutrition.  

Important progress has been achieved in the ongoing decline in child stunting. However, even before the COVID-19 
pandemic, the world was not on track to achieve targets for any nutrition indicators by 2030. More than ever, our 
shared efforts to learn and apply important lessons from the experience of what has worked and not in recent years 
are going to make the difference between our collective success and failure. 

Focusing on the critical roles of food, health and social protection systems in delivering good nutrition for all, the 
Summit provides a historic chance to transform our way of tackling the global challenge of malnutrition, and to 
deliver renewed action on policy and financing commitments to SDG 2, which again is an underlying driver for 
12 of the 17 SDGs.

The  European  Union's  approach  for  improved  nutrition  is  a  sustained,  multi-sectoral,  gender-transformative  and 
rights-based  approach.  Therefore  the  EU  has  invested  in  both  support  for  inclusive,  sustainable  food  systems  − 
encompassing  economic,  social  and  environmental  dimensions  of  sustainability  –  and  in  the  public  provision  of 
universal  health,  education  and  social  protection  services.  The  transformation  of  entrenched  inequalities,  such  as 
those related to wealth and gender, remains a fundamental cross-cutting priority.

Spanning the world from Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Gambia, Mozambique and Uganda in Africa, to Bangladesh and Lao 
PDR in Asia and Honduras in Latin America, the case studies highlighted in this booklet represent a range of different 
country contexts. The studies show how the European Union is supporting partner countries and how resources are 
being  transformed  into  results.  They  demonstrate  measurable  improvements  in  the  lives  of  women  and  children, 
whether in terms of breastfeeding, dietary quality, household resilience, food security or stunting reduction. 

A happy girl in Fada,  

in the East of Burkina Faso.  

© UNICEF/UN0487716/Dejongh 

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION4

Map of the projects

Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Sector Reform Contract - EUROSAN Local Development (DeL) in Honduras: 2020-2024Budget support and complementary technical assistance for local development initiatives to improve access to nutrition services for over 160 000 pregnant women and children under ﬁve in 39 municipalities.EU Resilience Trust Fund in the northern areas of Burkina Faso (EU-TF Resilience-BF): 2017-2020Adopting a holistic approach to strengthening resilience through improved local governance, access to services, social protection and livelihood support, EUTF-Resilience made it possible to reduce severe food insecurity by 20% in two years and to signiﬁcantly prevent stunted growth in children under 5, by 10% for moderate forms and by 33% for severe forms.Sectoral health budget support programme in Burkina Faso (PAPS II): 2016-2020PAPS II supported national eﬀorts to strengthenthe public health system with a focus on prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition. From 2017 to 2020, more than 90% of the children treated were cured and the number of children supported by the Government’s Therapeutic Foods budget line increased from none in 2016 to 100 000 in 2019.Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutrition Security in The Gambia (BReST): 2016-2020 In alignment with the National Development Plan, BReST strengthened the resilience and improved nutrition security by establishing a nutrition-sensitive social protection approach. The prevalence of acute malnutrition in children under 2 years decreased from 5.6% to 2.2%, and rates improved for exclusive breastfeeding, dietary diversity in infants 6-24 months, infant and young child feeding and hygiene practices, and household economic resilience. Second Agricultural Growth Programme (AGPII): 2015-2020Implemented by the Ethiopian Government within the framework of the NNPII, this ﬂagship programme contributed to sustainable agricultural transformation while improving the food and nutrition security of vulnerable groups. Children in the regions of intervention are now consuming more pulses, grains, roots, tubers, fruits, vegetables and animal and milk products than previously.Millennium Development Goal c1 (MDGc1): 2013-2019Adopting a holistic approach, MDGc1 addressed undernutrition in areas with high agricultural potential but poor nutrition. The share of food-insecure households was halved, thereby increasing resilience to shocks; the diversity of children’s diets improved, as did the diets of women and adolescent girls; and the prevalence of child stunting fell by 5 percentage points at district level, while breastfeeding doubled.Support to the Lao PDR National Nutrition Strategy and Plan of Action: 2019-2022Backing the Government’s commitment to deliver quality nutrition services, including via agriculture, education and health, as well as the adoption of a decree to protect and promote breastfeeding (‘Decree on Food Products and Feeding Equipment for Infants and Toddlers’)MOZAMBIQUETHE GAMBIAHONDURASBURKINA FASODevelopment Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU): 2017-2023In 38 districts community-based nutrition interventions were scaled up along with interventions to promote the production of diversiﬁed healthy foods while at the same time empowering women across the food system. UGANDAETHIOPIASuchana: 2016-2022The project takes a multi-sectoral approach that involves working closely with seven ministries to diversify livelihoods and income, empower women, and improve access to key services. Among the project results, women’s and children’s (6-23 months) diets have improved, women’s dietary diversity has almost doubled, and the number of children getting a minimal acceptable diet has more than tripled, while severe household food insecurity has more than halved.EU support to National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) reforms in Bangladesh: 2019-2024Supporting the introduction and scale up of the ﬂagship national nutrition sensitive child beneﬁt programme, covering 7.5 million children in rural and urban areas.BANGLADESHLAO PDRPROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION5

Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Sector Reform Contract - EUROSAN Local Development (DeL) in Honduras: 2020-2024Budget support and complementary technical assistance for local development initiatives to improve access to nutrition services for over 160 000 pregnant women and children under ﬁve in 39 municipalities.EU Resilience Trust Fund in the northern areas of Burkina Faso (EU-TF Resilience-BF): 2017-2020Adopting a holistic approach to strengthening resilience through improved local governance, access to services, social protection and livelihood support, EUTF-Resilience made it possible to reduce severe food insecurity by 20% in two years and to signiﬁcantly prevent stunted growth in children under 5, by 10% for moderate forms and by 33% for severe forms.Sectoral health budget support programme in Burkina Faso (PAPS II): 2016-2020PAPS II supported national eﬀorts to strengthenthe public health system with a focus on prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition. From 2017 to 2020, more than 90% of the children treated were cured and the number of children supported by the Government’s Therapeutic Foods budget line increased from none in 2016 to 100 000 in 2019.Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutrition Security in The Gambia (BReST): 2016-2020 In alignment with the National Development Plan, BReST strengthened the resilience and improved nutrition security by establishing a nutrition-sensitive social protection approach. The prevalence of acute malnutrition in children under 2 years decreased from 5.6% to 2.2%, and rates improved for exclusive breastfeeding, dietary diversity in infants 6-24 months, infant and young child feeding and hygiene practices, and household economic resilience. Second Agricultural Growth Programme (AGPII): 2015-2020Implemented by the Ethiopian Government within the framework of the NNPII, this ﬂagship programme contributed to sustainable agricultural transformation while improving the food and nutrition security of vulnerable groups. Children in the regions of intervention are now consuming more pulses, grains, roots, tubers, fruits, vegetables and animal and milk products than previously.Millennium Development Goal c1 (MDGc1): 2013-2019Adopting a holistic approach, MDGc1 addressed undernutrition in areas with high agricultural potential but poor nutrition. The share of food-insecure households was halved, thereby increasing resilience to shocks; the diversity of children’s diets improved, as did the diets of women and adolescent girls; and the prevalence of child stunting fell by 5 percentage points at district level, while breastfeeding doubled.Support to the Lao PDR National Nutrition Strategy and Plan of Action: 2019-2022Backing the Government’s commitment to deliver quality nutrition services, including via agriculture, education and health, as well as the adoption of a decree to protect and promote breastfeeding (‘Decree on Food Products and Feeding Equipment for Infants and Toddlers’)MOZAMBIQUETHE GAMBIAHONDURASBURKINA FASODevelopment Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU): 2017-2023In 38 districts community-based nutrition interventions were scaled up along with interventions to promote the production of diversiﬁed healthy foods while at the same time empowering women across the food system. UGANDAETHIOPIASuchana: 2016-2022The project takes a multi-sectoral approach that involves working closely with seven ministries to diversify livelihoods and income, empower women, and improve access to key services. Among the project results, women’s and children’s (6-23 months) diets have improved, women’s dietary diversity has almost doubled, and the number of children getting a minimal acceptable diet has more than tripled, while severe household food insecurity has more than halved.EU support to National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) reforms in Bangladesh: 2019-2024Supporting the introduction and scale up of the ﬂagship national nutrition sensitive child beneﬁt programme, covering 7.5 million children in rural and urban areas.BANGLADESHLAO PDRPROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION6

Sectoral health budget support  
programme in Burkina Faso (PAPS II)

A baby is being weighted, measured and vaccinated  

in Boulpore, the central plateau region of Burkina Faso. 

© UNICEF/UN0487638/Dejongh

Programme

Sectoral Health Budget Support Programme in Burkina Faso (PAPS II) 2016-2020

Implementation: Government of Burkina Faso. Budget: EUR 84 million (of which  
EUR 14 million technical assistance and EUR 70 million budget support).

Objective

Building on several years of EU humanitarian assistance – including treatment of severe 
acute malnutrition – PAPS II supported national efforts to strengthen public systems for the 
achievement of universal health coverage. 

Achievements

Creation of a national budget line for the purchase of therapeutic food:  
The number of children affected by severe stunting and supported by the government’s 
Therapeutic Foods budget line increased from none in 2016 to 110 000 in 2019.

Integration of indicators for tracking both the quality of acute malnutrition 
management and the number of children in care within the health system:  
The increasing integration of severe acute malnutrition care into the health system has 
not compromised the quality of care. From 2017 to 2020, more than 90% of the children 
treated were cured.

Supporting the operationalisation of the National Health Insurance Fund with the 
exemption of children aged 0-5 and pregnant women:  
The programme has contributed to building a social contract between families and the 
health system, together with the political commitment required to ensure that the most 
vulnerable are not left behind. 

Ensuring annual nutrition data to reinforce government commitment and accountability 
at all levels: Annual nutrition surveys are now routinely financed from the national budget. 

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION7

Suchana: 2016-2022 - Ending the cycle  
of undernutrition in Bangladesh

Women coming back from the field, Dhaka Hills, Sreemongal, Bangladesh. © EU © UNICEF/UN0487638/Dejongh

Malnutrition in Bangladesh

While Bangladesh could potentially still meet the global target for 2025 (25%) and child stunting has fallen by 12 
percentage points between 2007 and 2017-18, child stunting remains highly prevalent (31%)1. One in 12 children 
under the age of five also suffer from wasting – associated with weakened immunity and increased risk of death. 
At the same time, and with 40% of adult women anaemic, overweight and obesity continue to rise at national level. 
Undernutrition comes with high social and economic costs, which disproportionately affect the poorest households. 
Globally, nutrition-related factors are estimated to contribute to about 45% of deaths in children under-5 years of 
age2. Undernutrition has lifelong consequences: by undermining a child’s physical and cognitive development, it can 
lead to long-term reduction in productivity and a greater risk of chronic diseases later in life. The economic cost of 
undernutrition is estimated to exceed USD 1 billion per year in Bangladesh3.

Suchana (2016-2022)

Suchana  is  a  EUR  53.8  million  programme  jointly  supported  by  the  EU  and  the  UK  Foreign,  Development  and 
Commonwealth Office (FCDO). It aims to significantly reduce the incidence of stunting in children under two in two 
districts of Sylhet Division (which has the highest stunting and wasting prevalence, as well as the worst levels of 
gender inequality in Bangladesh). The programme’s multi-sectoral approach focuses on tackling undernutrition within 
the critical 1 000 days from conception until children reach their second birthday. This involves working closely with 
key  ministries  representing  multiple  sectors  to  strengthen  delivery  systems  and  improve  people’s  access  to  key 
nutrition-related  services  as  well  as  directly  empowering  women  and  men  through  support  to  income-generating 
activities, homestead gardening and awareness about health and nutrition. At the same time, Suchana is harnessing 
evidence  of  progress  to  catalyse  support  from  government  and  other  stakeholders  to  scale  up  a  multi-sectoral 
approach and improve nutrition governance across the country. Core programme targets include:

1 

Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (2018).

2  WHO (2019); https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/children-reducing-mortality

3 

Howlader, S.R. et al. 2012. Investing in Nutrition Now: A Smart Start for Our Children, Our Future.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION8

•  livelihood diversification and increased income for 1.3 million people;
•  empowering 68 000 adolescent girls from poor households to extend school attendance and prevent child marriage;
•  delivering improved nutrition services through the local health system to a quarter of a million poor households.

To  ensure  that  nutritionally  vulnerable  households  and  individuals  are  better  able  to  absorb  climatic,  health  and 
economic shocks, a key component of the programme focuses on increasing access to government social protection 
schemes,  including  maternity  allowance4.  Suchana  is  implemented  by  a  consortium  of  national  and  international 
NGOs led by Save the Children.

Tangible results in the lives of women and children

Suchana  has  been  designed  to  boost  knowledge  and  evidence  and  so  promote  commitment  and  momentum  for 
change. Following the collection of baseline data in 2016, the results of the impact assessment (2019-2020) confirm 
significant improvement, even when compared to the control group. Driven by the boost to household income and 
savings, severe household food insecurity has more than halved, while women’s dietary diversity has almost doubled. 
The rate of exclusive breastfeeding has increased by more than 20% and the number of children aged 6-23 months 
getting a minimally acceptable diet has more than tripled.

Outcomes5 

Median income per year (Taka)

Households with any savings

Severe food insecurity 

Women’s diet

Children’s diet 

Exclusive breastfeeding

Women’s empowerment

2017

80 000

34.5%

29%

27%

10%

62%

27%

2018

86 000

34.3%

19%

34%

15%

73%

45%

2020

96 000

56%

13%

53%

35%

85%

56%

Realising human potential
Access to adequate nutritious food is a fundamental human right and provides the foundation for healthy individuals 
and societies. Suchana reinforces Bangladesh’s national plan of action for nutrition by demonstrating that efforts to 
improve the nutrition of women and children should be understood as an investment in realising human potential, 
rather than a cost. Using a rights-based and gender-transformative strategy, Suchana positions women’s political, 
social and economic empowerment centre-stage: for example, by supporting women to establish village savings and 
loan groups to strengthen their decision-making in the household, while at the same time ensuring men’s participa-
tion in education and counselling sessions on maternal and child nutrition.

Tackling climate and environmental challenges
Bangladesh  is  uniquely  vulnerable  to  climate  change,  with  two-thirds  of  the  country  less  than  five  metres  above 
sea  level.  In  2017,  severe  flooding  was  experienced  across  the  intervention  area.  Suchana  has  taken  concrete 
steps to support beneficiaries to adopt climate-resilient livelihoods and disaster preparedness practices to increase  
resilience  to  shocks  and  stresses.  Interventions  include  production  diversification,  eco-friendly  cropping  patterns 
and climate-smart cultivation techniques. Early warning systems have been introduced to help beneficiaries to get  
information and knowledge on short-term/rapid climatic hazards (such as cyclones, floods and storms), as well as 
long-term/slow hazards (such as drought and long-term climate change).

4 

5 

The EU also supports the Government of Bangladesh (via budget support) to scale up national coverage of maternity allowance and child benefit. A programme 
reorientation is enabling the provision of income support to garment workers who have lost their livelihoods as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak in the country

Results from Suchana Impact Assessment undertaken by icddr,b. Baseline data collected in 2016. Endline data in 2019. Internationally recognised indicators used: 
for severe food insecurity, household level; for women’s diet, minimum dietary diversity for women; for children’s diet, the minimum acceptable diet; for women’s 
empowerment, decision making power of mothers (major household purchases).

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION9

AGPII: Harnessing agricultural  
investments to improve the diets  
of women and children in Ethiopia

Boys playing in a market, Ethiopia. © EU

Malnutrition in Ethiopia

Ethiopia has set ambitious targets to reduce malnutrition and has made considerable progress on reducing stunting 
among  children  under  five.  However,  stunting  is  still  very  common  (38%):  over  6  million  children  are  affected  by 
stunting  and  1  in  10  suffer  from  wasting.  Only  7%  of  children  aged  6  to  23  months  get  a  minimum  acceptable 
diet6. One in 4 adult women are anaemic. At the same time the number of overweight and obese children and adults 
continues to rise. Malnutrition continues to undermine national development efforts: the cost of undernutrition has 
been estimated at 16.5% of annual GDP7.

Second agricultural growth programme (2015-2020)

AGPII is a EUR 418 million flagship programme implemented by the Ethiopian Government within the framework of 
its second national nutrition programme (NNPII). AGPII is supported by multiple donors8 including the EU (EUR 45 m) 
along with Member States, Spain and the Netherlands. The goal of AGPII is to contribute to sustainable agricultural 
transformation while improving the food and nutrition security situation of vulnerable groups. The programme focuses 
on areas of considerable agricultural potential in seven regional states9 with high stunting prevalence. More than 
20 million smallholder farmers are expected to benefit from the intervention while 1.6 million smallholders (40% of 
them women) are direct beneficiaries. The programme components include public support services for agriculture, 
agricultural research, small-scale irrigation, agriculture marketing and value chain promotion. EU support includes 
a EUR 5 million complementary action designed to accelerate the provision of nutrition training and promotion of 
nutrition-sensitive technologies to farmers. This component also develops nutrition-related capacities for the delivery 
of public services across agriculture, education and health sectors. Overall, AGPII reinforces the focus of the NNPII on 
tackling the underlying causes of malnutrition via a multisectoral approach10.

6 

7 

8 

9 

Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016.

The Social and Economic Impact of Child Undernutrition in Ethiopia, UNECA/WFP 2013.

The principal donor is the World Bank (USD 350 million), along with the EU, USAID, Canada, Spain and the Netherlands.

Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Tigray, Benshangul-Gumuz, Gambella and Harar as well as Dire Dawa city administration.

10  This follows a narrower focus during the first phase to address the more immediate causes and treatment of malnutrition.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION10

Tangible results in the lives of women and children

AGPII closely monitors the links between agriculture and nutrition outcomes along the dietary pathways of women 
and children. Improving complementary feeding of children aged 6 to 23 months has been identified as a crucial 
pathway to prevent stunting in Ethiopia11. While very few Ethiopian children get a minimum acceptable diet and 
the  diet  of  most  mothers  is  inadequate,  the  programme  has  already  led  to  significant  changes  between  2017 
and  2019.  Children  in  the  regions  of  intervention  are  now  consuming  more  pulses,  grains,  roots,  tubers,  fruits, 
vegetables and animal and milk products than previously12. Data from the outset of the programme showed that 
in female-headed households surveyed no young children were getting an acceptable diet. As a result of AGPII this 
is beginning to change.

Outcomes13 

Children's diet in male-headed households

Children's diet in female-headed households

Women's diet

Household diet

Realising human potential

2017

5.4 %

0 %

17.9 %

65 %

2019

9.3 %

6.7 %

30 %

84 %

Ethiopia’s NNPII adopts the lifecycle approach with a particular emphasis on the crucial period of pregnancy and the 
first 2 years of life (first 1 000 days) during which good nutrition and healthy growth deliver lasting benefits throughout 
life. AGPII is playing a fundamental role in raising awareness of the contribution that nutrition-sensitive agriculture 
and food systems play in achieving this goal. However, addressing the overlapping inequalities of wealth and gender 
remains a challenge. AGPII therefore focuses on rural households with access to limited resources and specifically 
ensures  the  inclusion  of  women  farmers.  Support  is  explicitly  provided  to  build  the  capacity,  representation  and 
financing of women in agriculture through a transformative approach. Attention is given to ensuring that the workload 
of women is not exacerbated through access to relevant information, labour-saving technologies and regular gender 
impact evaluations.

Tackling climate and environmental challenges

Ethiopia is especially vulnerable to climate change. AGPII is therefore committed to mainstreaming climate smart 
agriculture (CSA) approaches across the entire programme, thereby providing an important contribution to Ethiopia’s 
climate  resilient  green  economy  strategy.  The  programme  also  includes  the  establishment  of  a  climate  advisory 
service across the agricultural extension system to promote CSA technologies while supporting improved conservation 
and management of the natural resources upon which farmers and pastoralists depend. 

11  Baye, Kaleab et al, Irrigation and women’s diet in Ethiopia: A longitudinal study. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1864, 2019.

12  Kuma, T., Changes in household and children’s dietary diversity in AGP intervention areas, Policy Studies Institute, December 2019.

13  The Policy Studies Institute AGPII Impact Evaluation Report, May 2019, has applied internationally recognised indicators: for children’s diet, the Minimum Acceptable 

Diet 6-23 months; for women’s diet, the Dietary Diversity Score for pregnant women; for household diet, the Household Dietary Diversity Score.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION11

Development Initiative  
for Northern Uganda (DINU)

A member of the Jujumbu farmers group which is made up  

of refugees and host community members in Lobule, northern Uganda.  

© WFP/Hugh Rutherford 

Programme

Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU) 2017-2023

Implementation: Office of the Prime Minister, UNICEF and various non-state actors. Budget: 
EUR 150.6 million (EU contribution EUR 132.8 million).

Objective

The programme operates in areas where there is high prevalence of child stunting and 
anaemia in women (covering 38 districts) and aims to scale up interventions that will 
increase household incomes and improve food security and nutrition as well as strengthen 
markets and promote gender responsive governance.

Achievements

Scaling up of community-based nutrition interventions:  
These include maternal and young child feeding practices, micronutrient supplementation, 
improved hygiene, sanitation and child care practices and family planning.

Interventions to strengthen food supply chains: These include increasing production of 
diversified, nutritious foods (plant-based and animal products), while also empowering 
women in both agriculture and business sectors as well as improving market accessibility 
and transport infrastructure.

Nutrition governance: Aligned with guidance from the Office of the Prime Minister, this 
includes investing in gender-sensitive capacity development at district level so as to support 
local government efforts to more effectively plan, monitor and coordinate the scale-up of 
multi-sectoral interventions prioritised in district nutrition action plans for 2020-2025.

Improved data collection and analysis: Information systems are strengthened at district 
and sub-county levels that are critical to understanding and monitoring the situation of food 
security and nutrition, including regular assessments.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION12

The MDG1c programme:  
building resilience for better diets in Mozambique

Caption:  Group photo of youth, Mozambique. From the project Sesame and Honey 2020. © EU. Credit: Ellie Tomassi

Malnutrition in Mozambique

Mozambique’s strong economic performance has not been accompanied by a significant reduction in malnutrition. 
At 43%, the national prevalence of child stunting remains very high14. With more than 2 million stunted children, 
Mozambique is off-track to meet global nutrition targets on stunting, and children from the poorest households are 
disproportionately affected. At the same time anaemia affects almost 7 out of 10 children and more than half of 
women, while overweight and obesity is increasing across all groups. The causes of malnutrition are multi-faceted 
and include poor diets, inadequate childcare, inability to access a quality education and health services, unsafe water 
and sanitation, gender inequalities and persistent multidimensional poverty. Malnutrition – in all its forms – comes 
with unacceptably high, yet preventable, human, social and economic costs. Mozambique loses over 10.9% GDP each 
year to child stunting alone, equivalent to USD 1.6 billion15.

Accelerate progress towards MDG1c in Mozambique (2013-2019)

This EUR 87 million16 programme was funded under the EU MDG1c initiative to reduce hunger and undernutrition 
in areas with high agricultural potential but poor nutrition17. Adopting a holistic approach, the programme’s aims 
included  improving  agricultural  and  fisheries  production  to  increase  access  to  food  and  improving  the  nutrition 
status of vulnerable groups and low income households, with a focus on women and young children. Interventions 
included  strengthening  value  chains  in  the  agricultural  and  fisheries  sectors,  farmer  field  schools,  e-vouchers, 
home  gardens,  food  fortification,  strengthening  market  information  systems  and  nutrition  education  (including 
social behaviour change).

14  Mozambique DHS 2011; SETSAN Baseline Study 2013.

15  The Cost of Hunger in Africa (COHA) Mozambique study 2017.

16  EU support EUR 77.3 million including EUR 10 million top-up following El Niño emergency in 2016.

17  The programme’s geographical focus is on the Beira and Nacala corridors (76 districts in 10 provinces).

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION13

Covering  six  ministries,  the  action  was  designed  to  reinforce  existing  national  programmes  and  implementation 
brought  together  three  UN  agencies:  IFAD,  FAO  and  WFP.  Crucially,  programme  coordination  and  monitoring  were 
in the hands of the government’s technical secretariat for food and nutrition security (SETSAN). As identified by a 
2015  midterm  review,  achieving  a  multi-sectoral  approach  to  address  nutrition  at  scale  can  be  challenging.  Key 
lessons learned have included the importance of adapting the programme to local contexts, strengthening nutrition 
governance and developing nutrition-related capacities of service providers at every level.

Tangible results in the lives of women and children

An evaluation of the MDG1c programme confirmed a measurable improvement in the food security, diet and nutritional 
status of children as compared to control groups who did not benefit from the programme18. In particular, the share 
of  food-insecure  households  was  halved,  thereby  increasing  resilience  to  shocks;  the  diversity  of  children’s  diets 
improved, as did the diets of women and adolescent girls19, and the prevalence of child stunting fell by 5 percentage 
points at district level. A particularly important finding was that the gains in food and nutrition security were much 
higher for households reached by the greatest range of interventions.

Outcomes20 

Stunting

Food insecurity

Coping strategy index

Exclusive breastfeeding

Children's diet

2013

2018

45 %

31 %

45 %

27 %

30 %

40 %

16 %

20 %

54 %

35 %

Realising human potential

Malnutrition on the scale found in Mozambique has long term negative consequences in terms of poor health, low 
levels  of  child  development  and  reduced  productivity  leading  to  lower  incomes.  Social  and  economic  inequalities 
between  men  and  women  can  exacerbate  poor  nutrition  while  good  nutrition  and  gender  equality  are  mutually 
reinforcing. The programme set out to address gender inequalities with a number of interventions (such as farmer 
field  schools  for  women  and  men,  mothers’  care  groups,  and  women’s  savings  groups)  to  ensure  positive  effects 
on women’s empowerment. One women’s savings group in Barue (Beira corridor) saw women start up successful 
businesses with the additional income allowing families to improve or build a new house or afford a better education 
for their children. As a result, the programme has contributed directly to breaking the cycle of deprivation connected 
to maternal disadvantage and malnutrition.

Tackling climate and environmental challenges

Mozambique is one of the countries most vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change and in recent years has 
faced repeated emergencies. The severe El Niño drought in 2016, followed by two cyclones in 2019, caused widespread 
damage  to  already  vulnerable  livelihoods  and  further  deterioration  of  food  insecurity.  During  the  humanitarian 
and early recovery response period, e-vouchers developed and institutionalised by the MDG1c programme worked 
effectively to distribute assets to affected populations. Communities were able to become more resilient by having 
better knowledge on how to prevent disease, improved crop production during the lean season and periods of crisis, 
and the building of community assets such as irrigation schemes, water harvesting systems and roads.

18  SETSAN (2018) Endline Study (district level) and Impact Evaluation (community level) of MDG1c programme in Mozambique. Note: limitations of the Endline Study 

do not allow to attribute impact only to MDG1c while there is a greater level of confidence with the Impact Evaluation.

19  Evaluation of IFAD/PROMER agricultural marketing interventions showed the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women indicator improved both for women (from 28% 

to 40%) and adolescent girls (from 55% to 68%) between 2017 and 2018.

20 

Internationally recognised indicators used: for food insecurity, the Food Consumption Score; for coping strategy index, the Reduced Coping Strategy Index; for 
children’s diet, the Minimum Dietary Diversity.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION14

EU support to National Social Security Strategy 
(NSSS) reforms in Bangladesh 2019-2024

A woman kisses her daughter  

in Shonir Akhra Bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.  

© UNICEF/UN0336451/Babajanyan/VII Photo

Programme

EU support to National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) reforms in Bangladesh 2019-2024

Implementation: Government of Bangladesh. Budget: EUR 150 million (EU contribution 
EUR 130 million; German contribution EUR 20 million).

Objective

The support strengthens national efforts to break the cycle of poverty by improving the 
efficiency and effectiveness of social assistance programmes with a strong focus on 
improving the diets of pregnant women and children under the age of five as well as 
protecting vulnerable workers.

Achievements

Strengthening governance and accountability frameworks for a more demand-
responsive social security system: This is achieved by consolidating inter-ministerial 
coordination mechanisms and strengthening public financial management in the sector, 
including planning, budgeting and execution. 

Developing national capacities to more effectively design, manage and monitor the 
social security system: These include evidence-based policy formulation, planning and 
implementation through robust systems for information management, monitoring and 
evaluation (including monitoring the nutritional status of pregnant women and children). 
Three out of four young children in Bangladesh do not receive a minimally acceptable diet. 

Support to the introduction and implementation of a comprehensive national child 
benefit programme: This support aims to ensure inclusiveness, optimum coverage, 
adequacy and predictability of benefits to initially cover 7.5 million children in rural and 
urban areas, and then progressively scale up. 

Providing a platform for the 2020 Team Europe response to the COVID-19 crisis in 
Bangladesh: This platform is enabling the delivery of income support to ready-made 
garment and export-oriented industry workers affected by the COVID-19 crisis.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION15

EU Resilience Trust Fund in the northern areas 
of Burkina Faso (2017-2020)

A woman sifts flour, which will be used to bake 

biscuits to sell in local markets in Garango, 

Burkina Faso. ©IFAD/Aubrey Wade 

Malnutrition in Burkina Faso 

Malnutrition levels in Burkina Faso are declining steadily since two decades. Yet, one child out of four is still stunted21, 
totalling nearly one million, and due to the strong population growth, the numbers are falling only marginally. Each 
year the country loses nearly 8% of GDP to child stunting alone22. In the most fragile areas of the country, affected 
by chronic food insecurity and crumbling social cohesion, the prevalence of malnutrition is even higher: in the Sahel 
region for instance stunting prevalence reaches 43%23. The response to this situation requires a holistic approach 
supporting the most vulnerable populations in various aspects of their lives, whether social or economic. 

EU Resilience Trust Fund in the northern areas of Burkina Faso (2017-2020) 

The EUTF Resilience-BF is an EU-funded EUR 31.7 million programme covering 4 regions in northern Burkina Faso, 
reaching nearly 950 000 beneficiaries. These rural populations are chronically affected by food and nutrition insecurity, 
and social instability and insecurity issues are growing. The goal is to strengthen the populations’ resilience through 
sustainable and integrated measures. Adopting a holistic approach, the EUTF Resilience-BF specifically aims to: 

improve populations’ access to basic social services (health, nutrition, water and sanitation); 

1. 
2.  restore  and  strengthen  vulnerable  livelihoods  through  interventions  in  small-scale  agriculture  and  livestock, 

income generating activities, cash transfers and social cohesion; 

3.  enhance the cohesion between civil society, vulnerable populations and local authorities for improved governance 

in food and nutrition security. 

This multisector/actor approach triggers synergies and strengthens the capacities of every stakeholder in responding 
to the challenges. Despite the extremely fragile context, all the interventions are carried out in close collaboration 
with local communities and decentralised extension services. Building on the interventions, a research protocol has 
been put in place to identify good practices in resilience strengthening. 

21  Enquête Nutritionnelle Nationale SMART 2020. 

22  The Cost of Hunger in Africa (COHA) Burkina Faso study 2015.

23  Enquête Nutritionnelle Nationale SMART 2020.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION16

Tangible results in the lives of women and children 

The  EUTF  Resilience-BF  impact  assessment24  confirmed  a  significant  improvement  after  only  two  years  (between 
2018 and 2020) in the food security, livelihoods, and nutritional status of children25. Spectacular gains in food and 
nutrition security were reached for those households benefitting from a full intervention package of: 

1.  monthly cash transfers, 
2.  productive  assets  such  as  vouchers  to  access  sheep  and  goats  and  poultries,  and/or  seeds,  support  for  soil 

conservation and fertility, 

3.  nutrition  interventions  (generally  enriched  flour  for  6-23  months  children  and  pregnant  and  breastfeeding  

women, nutrition education). 

The  combined  effect  of  these  interventions  for  the  poorest  households  made  it  possible  to  reduce  severe  food 
insecurity by 20% in two years and to significantly prevent stunted growth in children under 5, by 10% for moderate 
forms and by 33% for severe forms.

Outcomes (intervention group full package) 

Initial rate

+ 1 year

+ 2 years

Stunting

Severe food insecurity26 

36.7 %

30.8 %

29.4 %

24.7 %

27.1 %

17.1 %

However, there were no significant changes in the control groups that received only a partial package (cash transfer 
only and cash transfer coupled with animal transfers). This suggests that to significantly improve the nutrition of 
children  in  these  highly  vulnerable  households,  it  is  necessary  to  implement  specific  nutrition  activities  such  as 
distribution  of  enriched  flour  to  young  children  and  training  of  mothers,  alongside  economic  support.  Households 
benefiting from the full activity package were also able to increase their land by 13%. 

Realising human potential 

The negative consequences of malnutrition are long term and undermines the fundamental right of every child to 
develop in accordance with their full potential. The severe instability and insecurity faced by these Sahel populations 
further exacerbate poor nutrition as well as gender, social and economic inequalities. The EUTF Resilience-BF shows 
it is possible, even for the most marginalised populations living in fragile contexts, to gradually escape from a logic 
of simple survival to one of improving human and economic capital. Furthermore, to contribute to social stability in 
these areas undergoing massive social and environmental changes, it is essential to reduce inequalities − economic, 
gender, power balance − and extreme poverty. However, this requires tailoring of approaches to the context combining 
social cohesion measures, coaching, organisational support, and so on. For instance, by empowering women to set 
up village savings and loan groups, EUTF Resilience-BF enabled also the poorest women to add commercial value to 
their agricultural products, generating jobs and incomes

Tackling climate and environmental challenges 

The Sahel is one of the world’s most vulnerable regions to natural disasters and climate change and has in recent years 
faced repeated emergencies. By partnering effectively with decentralised government services and civil society, the 
EUTF Resilience-BF set out a good example to improve local governance accountability and civil society participation, 
thereby showing the value of territorial approaches in local development. In a context where local authorities are 
affected by lack of resources to effectively implement decentralisation, positive experiences were demonstrated in 
better and more responsible water management, public works and resource management. Improving the relationship 
of trust between local authorities and citizens also made it possible to improve the payment of local taxes − in 7 
communes, these increased by 20% − making it possible to initiate other local actions. 

24  Research carried out through Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA).

25  A  total  of  168  villages  were  randomly  assigned  to  either  the  comparison  group  (receiving  community-based  nutrition  awareness/education  only),  or  to  the 
participation group. Households in the participation villages were then randomly assigned to one of 3 intervention components: 1) cash grant; 2) cash grant + asset 
(livestock voucher); 3) cash grant+ asset + nutrition (fortified food).

26 

In IPA research, food insecurity is measured through CARI indicators, food security index and dietary diversity.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION17

Building Resilience through Social Transfers for 
Nutrition Security in The Gambia (BReST)

A woman watering a tomato garden. © WFP/Mamadou Jallow

Malnutrition in The Gambia

Over the past 10 years, The Gambia has made considerable progress in reducing the prevalence of stunting (13.6%) 
and  wasting  (6%)  among  children  under  five,  despite  poor  basic  services,  inadequate  sanitation,  fragile  food  and 
nutrition security and the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are significant disparities between the west 
(capital  Banjul)  and  the  east  of  the  country,  up-river,  where  rural  households  are  poorer  and  gender  inequalities 
prevail. In recent years, iron deficiency has increased among both children and women, and anaemia affects 57.5% of 
women of reproductive age. The Gambia remains one of the poorest countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It ranked 148th 
out of 162 countries in the 2019 Gender Inequality Index, with a value of 0.61227. In a context of high population 
growth,  low  agricultural  production  and  diversification,  frequent  droughts  and  poverty  contribute  to  people’s  food 
insecurity and malnutrition, particularly among children.

BReST (2016-2020)

Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutrition Security in The Gambia (BReST) was a European Union-
funded (EUR 3 million) programme covering three of the country’s regions: Upper River Region, North Bank Region, and 
Central River Region. In line with the National Development Plan (NDP) 2018-2021, BReST’s goal was to strengthen 
resilience and improve the nutritional status of breastfeeding women and children under 2. BReST was specifically 
mentioned in the NDP as a key social protection initiative to address vulnerabilities. It was implemented by the United 
Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), in partnership with two main government partners, the National Nutrition Agency 
(NaNa) and the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare (MoWCSW). BReST combined cash transfers (GMD 
60028/month per mother-child pair) with a strong nutrition education component, through two interrelated pathways:

1.  resilience-building through cash transfers,
2. 

improved nutritional and care practices through nutrition education and hygiene promotion targeting mothers.

27  The European Commission Gambia Nutrition Country Profile 2021 (in press) is the main source, based on data from the UNICEF/WHO/ World Bank Joint Child 

Malnutrition Estimates, the Global Nutrition Report, and the UNDP Gender Inequality Index.

28  600 Gambian dalasi equals about 10 euro.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION18

It  also  sought  to  improve  the  implementation  of  related  Government  policies  through  strengthening  the  social 
protection capacities of government partners and civil society organisations. The project targeted regions with the 
highest infant malnutrition rates. 

Tangible results in the lives of women and children 

BReST created a continuum of care for women and children during a key life stage (the first 1 000 days) by supporting 
mothers to diversify their diets and access health and nutrition services. The programme registered 6 176 mother 
and child pairs, exceeding the original target of 5 850 beneficiaries. On payment days, the women took part in an 
hour long health and nutrition education lesson, focusing on different aspects of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) 
practices. In parallel the health facility staff monitored the children’s growth and provided Vitamin A supplementation 
and deworming tablets where needed. Mothers requiring additional counselling beyond the monthly IYCF sessions 
were identified and received follow-up support at the household and community level. The final evaluation of BReST 
confirmed that the prevalence of acute malnutrition in children under 2 decreased from 5.6% (2016) to 2.2% (2019). 
Higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding improved dietary diversity in infants of 6-24 months and improved IYCF and 
hygiene practices; improved household economic resilience was also reported29.

Outcomes

Acute malnutrition (children under 2)

Individual dietary diversity

Minimum meal frequency (infants 6-24 months)

Dietary diversity (infants 6-24 months)

Exclusive breastfeeding

Realising human potential

2013

5.6%

34.2%

No data

No data

52%

2018

2.2%

55%

63%

81.9%

93%

The BReST programme is anchored in a fundamental rights approach. By focusing on the first 1 000 days, BReST 
promotes the realisation of mothers’ and children’s rights and potential. BReST strategically advocated for a social 
empowerment mechanism  that takes a  holistic view  of malnutrition. This is  an  important  step  towards  achieving 
progressive coverage of social protection policies in The Gambia. The Government has presented the programme 
at several conferences, including the Annual National Social Protection Forum and the 62nd UN Commission on the 
Status of Women. In January 2020, the Government established a National Social Protection Secretariat with the 
support of the EU and development partners. BReST has been adopted as a social protection flagship programme 
within the National Development Plan and provides evidence to support social protection as part of an integrated 
health, nutrition improvement and poverty reduction strategy30.

Tackling health, economic, climate and environmental challenges

In  the  Sahel,  droughts  are  becoming  more  and  more  intense  and  have  serious  consequences  for  the  population, 
who live mainly from agriculture. BReST effectively targeted the most vulnerable regions. It promoted ownership by 
government services at all levels, which implemented social transfers and collated evidence on the importance of 
such a programme. BReST was able to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic by providing emergency cash transfers 
to the registered beneficiaries. This proved to be critical in supporting families to cope with the economic challenges 
caused  by  COVID-19  and  to  sustain  gains  made  during  implementation.  During  the  programme,  the  majority  of 
women improved their household productive capacity or savings, which in turn reduced negative coping mechanisms, 
such as taking a child out of school to save money for food, to economic or climatic shocks. One of the programme’s 
unexpected effects has been the improvement of intrahousehold gender dynamics, with the woman and her spouse 
discussing whether to spend or save the cash to benefit the health and wellbeing of the children and family.

29  UNICEF, 2021. Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutrition Security in The Gambia (BReST). Final Narrative Report: 1 August 2016-31 August 2020. 

The video “Building Resilience through Social Transfers for Nutritional Security (BReST)” - YouTube provides a human interest story from the project.

30  Social Policy Research Institute (SPRI), 2020. BReST Evaluation. Evaluation reports | UNICEF Evaluation in UNICEF

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION19

Support to the Lao PDR National Nutrition 
Strategy and Plan of Action

A girl smiles while drinking water in Adone, Ta Oi District, 

Saravane Province, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. 

© UNICEF/UNI182989/Noorani

Programme

Support to the Lao PDR National Nutrition Strategy and Plan of Action 2019-2022

Implementation: Government of Lao PDR. Budget: EUR 50 million (complementary support 
EUR 11.85 million).

Objective

The support reinforces government commitment to accelerate results from the National 
Plan of Action on Nutrition (2016-2020) by strengthening accountability for delivery of 
quality, multi-sectoral nutrition-related services. 

Achievements

Ensuring more effective multi-sectoral nutrition-related service delivery with a focus on 
women, children and disadvantaged groups: This includes, to date, the operationalisation 
of 10 Provincial Nutrition Committees; the development of 35 nutrition-sensitive agriculture 
plans; an increase in the number of health facilities with staff trained to manage acute 
malnutrition; and an increase in the number of schools with year-round access to potable 
drinking water. 

National recognition of the significance of the 1 000-day window for nutrition and child 
development: The government strongly recommends that babies be exclusively breastfed 
for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding with other safe and nutritious food 
until the age of two. 

Adoption of the Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes Decree to protect and promote 
breastfeeding in the country: The decree is national legislation in line with the International 
Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (adopted by the WHA in 1981). The code 
protects and promotes breastfeeding by ensuring adequate information on appropriate 
infant feeding and regulation on marketing of breastmilk substitutes, bottles and teats.

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION20

Food and Nutrition Security (FNS)  
Sector Reform Contract – EUROSAN Local 
Development (DeL) in Honduras 2020-2024

A woman holds her nephew in a hammock,

Conception de Maria, Honduras. @WFP/Julian Frank

Programme

Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Sector Reform Contract – EUROSAN Local 
Development (DeL) in Honduras 2020-2024

Implementation: Government  together with Spanish Agency for International Development. 
Budget: EUR 38.1 million, of which EUR 28.4 million in budget support, including EUR 3.5 
million for COVID-19 response support.

Objective

The Contract aims to improve access to nutrition services and strengthen the integrated 
territorial approach to local development, for improved nutrition of both mothers and young 
children in 39 municipalities.

Achievements

Decentralisation for improved nutrition-related service delivery: Effective support is 
being given to the decentralisation of maternal and child health and nutrition services in 
all targeted municipalities, such that over 81 000 children under five years and 82 000 
pregnant women have been reached.

Assistance to the government response to COVID-19 across multiple areas:  
This has included the provision of electronic cash transfers and emergency food aid  
(Bolsa Solidaria) to vulnerable populations, as well as strengthening the overall response  
of the public health system.

Technical support for capacity development and guidance at the level of municipalities: 
Technical inputs are provided to the Government’s development and adaptation of the 
Methodological Guide for the Territorial Management of the Food and Nutrition Security 
Policy (within the framework of Municipal Development Plans) and the Food and Nutrition 
Security Investment Manual. 

PROJECTS THAT WORK FOR IMPROVED NUTRITIONM
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© European Union 2021

Published by Directorate-General International Partnerships
Directorate Green Deal, Digital Agenda, October 2021

The contents of this publication do not necessarily represent the official position or
opinion of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any
person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might
be made of information in this publication.

Directorate-General International Partnerships
Rue de la Loi 41 – B-1049 Brussels
E-mail: europeaid-info@ec.europa.eu
For further information:
https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/home_en

ISBN 978-92-76-43553-2
DOI 10.2841/025646