EU consumer habits regarding fishery and aquaculture products : report.
Date: 2021-09-10
Institutions: Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
Subjects: aquaculture, consumer, consumer information, consumer motivation, consumer survey, eating habits, fish product, fishery product, freshwater fish, opinion poll, report, sample survey, sea fish

Special Eurobarometer 515 
Report 

EU Consumer Habits Regarding 
Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Fieldwork: March-April 2021 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Survey conducted by Kantar at the request of the European Commission, 
Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 

Survey co-ordinated by the European Commission,  
Directorate-General for Communication (DG COMM “Media monitoring and Eurobarometer Unit”)  

Project title 

Special Eurobarometer 515 

“EU consumer habits regarding fishery and aquaculture products” 

Language version 

Catalogue number 

ISBN 

DOI 

© European Union, 2021 

https://www.europa.eu/eurobarometer 

Photo credit: Ghetty images 

Report 

EN 

KL-02-21-920-EN-N 

978-92-76-40273-2 

10.2771/87688 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

KEY FINDINGS 

I.

CONSUMER HABITS REGARDING FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

1.

Frequency of eating fishery and aquaculture products

a.

b.

c.

Consumption of fishery and aquaculture products

Consumption of fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food outlets

Consumption of fishery and aquaculture products (total)

2.

3.

Types of fishery and aquaculture products eaten in the last 12 months

Frequency of buying fishery and aquaculture products

4. Where people buy fishery and aquaculture products

II.

CHANGES IN CONSUMPTION AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

1.

Changes in consumption of fishery and aquaculture products as a result of COVID-19

a.

b.

Changes in consumption of specific fishery and aquaculture products

Total changes in consumption of fishery and aquaculture products

2.

Reasons for changes in consumption of fishery and aquaculture products

a.

b.

c.

Reasons for increasing consumption of fishery and aquaculture products

Reasons for decreasing consumption of fishery and aquaculture products

Reasons for changing consumption of fishery and aquaculture products

III.

PREFERENCES REGARDING FISHERY AND AQUCULTURE PRODUCTS

1. Most important aspects when buying fishery and aquaculture products

2.

3.

Preferences regarding wild or farmed products

Reasons for not eating fishery and aquaculture products

IV.

INFORMATION ON FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

1.

Relevance of mandatory information

a.

b.

Information on labels of fresh, frozen, smoked and dried products

Information that should be on tinned or prepared products

2.

Interest in voluntary information

CONCLUSION 

Technical Specificactions 

Questionnaire 

Tables 

4 

7 

10 
  11 
12 

15 

18 

20

  38

41

46 
47 

48 

60 

62 

62 

63 

64 

65 
66

73

78

79 
80 

80 

85 

91

98 

INTRODUCTION 

Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

  Explore  the  reasons  for  not  eating  fishery  and  aquaculture 

products; 

  Investigate  what  consumers  think  about  the  information 

accompanying fishery and aquaculture products; 

  Compare  some  of  the  current  figures  with  corresponding 

results from the July 2018 and June 2016 surveys. 

This survey was carried out by the Kantar network in the 27 EU 
Member  States  between  16  March  and  12  April  2021.  Some 
26,669 respondents from different social and demographic groups 
were  interviewed  in  their  mother  tongue.  This  survey  was 
commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate General 
for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE). 

The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried 
out  by  the  Directorate-General  for  Communication  (“Media 
monitoring and Eurobarometer” Unit). Given the impact of COVID-
19  and  subsequent  health  safety  measures,  the  face-to-face 
methodology was either not possible or only partially so in some 
Member States. In Bulgaria, Germany, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, 
Cyprus, Hungary, Austria, Poland, and Romania all interviews were 
conducted face to face. Face-to-face was supplemented by online 
interviews  in  Greece,  Malta,  the  Netherlands,  Slovenia,  and 
Slovakia.  Lastly,  in  Belgium,  Czechia,  Denmark,  Estonia,  Ireland, 
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Portugal, Finland, and Sweden all 
interviews were conducted online4. A technical note on the manner 
in which the interviews were conducted by the institutes within the 
Kantar  network  is  appended  as  an  annex  to  this  report.  Also 
included are the interview methods and the confidence intervals. 

The European Union is a major market for fishery and aquaculture 
products (FAPs). In 2017, the EU as a whole reported the highest 
expenditure on fish in the world. However, in terms of per capita 
expenditure, it ranked eighth after Iceland, Japan, Korea, Norway, 
Australia, Israel and Switzerland1. Moreover, the EU is fifth largest 
producer worldwide, accounting for 3.3% of global fisheries 

The European Commission’s overall aims in this area are to ensure 
that  ocean  resources  are  used  sustainably  and  that  coastal 
communities and the fishing sector have a prosperous future; to 
promote  maritime  policies  and  stimulate  a  sustainable  blue 
economy; and to promote ocean governance at international level2. 
This  involves  ensuring  sustainable  fisheries  through  the  full 
implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)3 – a set of 
rules for managing European fishing fleets, conserving fish stocks 
and  managing  the  market  for  fishery  and  aquaculture  products 
under  the  Common  Market  Policy  (CMO)  for  fishery  and 
aquaculture products. 

In  order  to  properly  develop  and  implement  changes  to  policies 
such  as  the  CFP,  the  European  Commission  regularly  sources 
economic  statistics  relating  to  the  state  of  the  fisheries  and 
maritime industry, but also seeks out the views of its citizens and 
stakeholders. 

This  Special  Eurobarometer  survey  is  the  third  on  this  topic, 
repeating some questions first asked in a survey conducted in June 
2016, and subsequently in a survey conducted in July 2018. It aims 
at improving understanding of the EU internal market for fishery 
and  aquaculture  products  to  allow  operators  to  be  more 
competitive  and  to  support  new  strategies  that  can  stimulate 
growth, strengthen economic activities in the internal market and 
lead  to  job  creation.  It  will  provide  key  information  enabling 
operators  to  adapt  their  strategies  to  the  changing  needs  of 
consumers  and  thus  make  the  most  of  the  opportunities  of  the 
Single Market. 

The survey will also explore consumers' views of the information 
that  accompanies  fishery  and  aquaculture  products.  This 
information  defined  under  CMO  Regulation  ensures  consumer 
protection  within  the  EU  and  allows  citizens  to  make  informed 
purchasing choices. 

The main objectives of this survey are to: 

  Understand consumer habits and perceptions regarding fishery 
and  aquaculture:  how  frequently  do  consumers  eat  these 
products? What types of products have they eaten in the last 
12 months? How frequently do consumers buy these products? 
Where do they buy them? 

  Determine  whether  consumption  of  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products has changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, 
and explore the reasons for its increase, decrease, or change 
for certain types of products; 

  Investigate  the  most  important aspects  for  consumers  when 
buying  fishery  and  aquaculture  products,  and  whether  they 
have a preference for wild or farmed products; 

1 2020 edition of The EU Fish Market: 
https://eumofa.eu/documents/20178/415635/EN_The+EU+fish+market_2020.pdf/ 
2 Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries’ Strategic Plan 2020-2024: 
https://ec.europa.eu/info/system/files/mare_sp_2020_2024_en.pdf 

3 Common Fisheries Policy: https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-
fisheries/policy/common-fisheries-policy-cfp_en 
4 Online interviewing took the form of probabilistic panels and access panels, 
depending on what is available in the country. 

5 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Note: In this report, Member States are referred to by their official 
abbreviation. The abbreviations used in this report correspond to: 

Belgium 
Bulgaria 
Czechia 
Denmark  
Germany 
Estonia 
Ireland 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Croatia 
Italy 
Republic of Cyprus 
Latvia 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY * 
LV 

Lithuania 
Luxembourg  
Hungary 
Malta 
The Netherlands 
Austria 
Poland 
Portugal  
Romania 
Slovenia 
Slovakia 
Finland 
Sweden 

European Union – weighted average for the 27 Member 
States 
BE, FR, IT, LU, DE, AT, ES, PT, IE, NL, FI, EL, EE, SI, CY, MT, 
SK, LV, LT 

BG, CZ, DK, HR, HU, PL, RO, SE 

LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 

EU27 

Euro 
area 
Non 
euro 
area 

*  Cyprus  as  a  whole  is  one  of  the  27  European  Union  Member 
States. However, the acquis communautaire has been suspended 
in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government 
of the Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews 
carried out in the part of the country controlled by the government 
of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the “CY” category and in 
the EU27 average.  

We wish to thank the people throughout the European 
Union who have given their time to take part in this 
survey.  

Without their active participation, this study would not 
have been possible.

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KEY FINDINGS 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Around  six  in  ten  Europeans  eat  or  buy  fishery  or 
aquaculture  products  at  least  once  a  month.  However, 
respondents  experiencing  the  least  amount  of  financial 
burden are more prone to doing so 

  Nearly  two-thirds  of  Europeans 

(64%)  eat  fishery  or 

aquaculture products at home at least once a month; 

  Slightly  more  than  a  fifth  of  Europeans  (21%)  say  they  eat 
fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food 
outlets at least once a month;; 

  Overall,  more  than  half  of  respondents  eat  fishery  or 
aquaculture products at least once a month in 22 EU Member 
States; 

  A  majority  of  respondents  who  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products  eat  frozen  products  at  least  once  a  month  (62%), 
being  slightly  ahead  of  fresh  products  (including  live)  and 
tinned products (both 59%); 

  Nearly six in ten Europeans (58%) buy fishery or aquaculture 

products at least once a month; 

  Respondents  buying  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least 
several  times  a  year  mostly  purchase  them  at  the  grocery 
store, supermarket or hypermarket (79%), substantially ahead 
of  the  second  most  cited  place,  i.e.  at  a  fishmonger,  a 
fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist store (43%); 

  The  share  of  Europeans  who  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products at home (-6 pp. since 2018) and at restaurants and 
other food outlets (-11 pp. since 2018) at least once a month 
has decreased since 2018;. 

  There has also been a seven-percentage point decrease in the 
share of Europeans who buy fishery or aquaculture products 
at least once a month; 

  In terms of socio-demographic differences, older respondents, 
those  who  have  spent  more  time  in  full-time  education, and 
who never or almost never have difficulties paying their bills 
are more likely to eat fishery or aquaculture products either at 
home or in restaurants and other food outlets at least once a 
month. A similar trend can be seen for respondents who buy 
fishery or aquaculture products at least once a month. 

Almost one fifth of Europeans changed their consumption 
of  fishery  and  aquaculture  products  as  a  result  of  the 
COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents who said that they have 
decreased  their  consumption  are  most  likely  to  name 
financial reasons as the main cause 

  Most  respondents  who  eat  fishery  and  aquaculture  products 
say their consumption of these products remained about the 
same  as  a  result  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  (at  least  80% 
across all product categories); 

  However, around a tenth of respondents say their consumption 
has  decreased  for  four  product  categories:  fresh  products 
(including live) (12%); frozen raw fish (10%); products that are 
smoked, salted, dried or in brine (10%); and frozen prepared or 
processed  fish  (9%).  As  a  comparison,  these  shares  are  4-6 
percentage points higher than those saying their consumption 
has increased; 

  Over a third of respondents whose consumption of fishery or 
aquaculture products increased say it is because they are now 
more health conscious (40%) or because they have changed 
their diet (35%); 

  Those  who  decreased  their  consumption  of  fishery  or 
aquaculture  products  mostly  did  so  because  of  fishery 

8 

products  becoming  more  expensive  (33%),  because  of  a 
change in their financial circumstances (25%) or because they 
have replaced fishery products by other food products (21%); 

  Overall, Europeans who changed their consumption of fishery 
or aquaculture products mainly did so for health or financial 
reasons:  34%  are  more  health  conscious,  28%  say  some 
fishery products have become more expensive and 27% have 
changed their diet; 

  In  terms  of  socio-demographic  differences,  respondents’ 
gender,  age,  and  time  spent  in  full-time  education  do  not 
appear to significantly influence change in the consumption of 
fishery and aquaculture products as a result of the COVID-19 
pandemic.  On  the  other  hand,  respondents  who  have 
difficulties paying bills most of the time are much more likely 
to  have  seen  their  consumption  of  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products decrease;  

The  product’s  appearance  is  the  key  factor  when  buying 
fishery and aquaculture products and the main reason for 
never  eating  them,  although  cost  is  important.  Moreover, 
the origin of the product has gained ground in 21 Member 
States for all types of products 

  Respondents who buy fishery or aquaculture products at least 
several  times  a  year  say  that  the  product’s  appearance (e.g. 
freshness,  presentation)  (58%,  -1  pp.)  and  the  cost  of  the 
product  (54%, +2  pp.)  are  the  most  important  aspects when 
buying these products; 

  However, the origin of the product is the third most mentioned 
reason and has gained eight percentage points since 2018. It 
has gained ground in 21 EU Member States; 

  In terms of socio-demographic differences, respondents who 
are aged 55 or older are more likely to say that the product’s 
appearance  (e.g.  freshness,  presentation)  is  one  of  the most 
important  aspects  when  buying  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products than those who are aged 15-24 (62% vs. 49%); 

  Additionally,  respondents  who  are  unemployed,  who  have 
difficulties  paying  bills  most  of  the  time,  and  who  consider 
themselves working class are most likely to consider the cost 
of  the  product  as  one  of  the  most  important  aspects  when 
compared to managers, those who never or almost never have 
difficulties  paying  bills,  and  who  consider  themselves  upper 
class respectively; 

  Just under a third of respondents eating and/or buying fishery 
and aquaculture products at least several times a year prefer 
wild  products  (32%,  -3  pp.)  or  have  no  preference  regarding 
wild or farmed products (30%, -2 pp.), while 7% (-2 pp.) prefer 
farmed products; 

  The  proportion of  respondents who  hold  a strong  preference 
for  either  wild  or  farmed  products  has  decreased  in  the 
majority  of  Member  States.  At  the  same  time,  they  are  now 
more likely to say that it depends on the type of product, or 
that they do not know if the products they buy or eat are wild 
or farmed. 

  Looking at socio-demographics, respondents aged 55 or older 
are more likely to prefer wild products than those who are aged 
15-24  (35%  vs.  22%).  There  are  also  differences  by 
occupation,  for  example,  the  self-employed  are  particularly 
likely  to  prefer  wild  products,  especially  compared  to  house 
persons (40% vs. 27%); 

  Four in ten respondents who never eat fishery or aquaculture 
products or do so less than once a year say it is because they 
do  not  like  the  taste,  the  smell  or  the  appearance  of  these 
products; 

 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

  Despite a 9-percentage point decrease since 2018, this reason 
ranks first, far ahead of the high price of these products (24%) 
or  the  fact  that  respondents  are  not  used  to  these  products 
(22%). However, these second and third most common reasons 
have gained eight and six percentage points respectively since 
2018. 

The “use by” or “best before” date, the species contained in 
the  product  and  the  date  of  catch  or  production  are  the 
most important pieces of information that should appear on 
labels, depending on the type of product 

  Over  two-thirds  of  respondents  (69%)  who  eat  and/or  buy 
fishery and aquaculture products at least several times a year 
consider  that  the  “use  by”  or  “best  before”  date  should  be 
mentioned  on  the  label  of  fresh,  frozen,  smoked  and  dried 
fishery products; 

  The  majority  of  respondents  also  mention  the  name  of  the 
product and the species (57%) or whether it is a wild or farmed 
product (53%); 

  Two-thirds of respondents think that the species contained in 
the  product  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  of  tinned  or 
prepared products (+1 pp.), ahead of whether the product used 
is  wild  or  farmed  (54%,  +1  pp.)  and  the  area  of  catch  or 
production  (52%,  -16  pp.).  Moreover,  there  has  been  a  16-
percentage point decrease in respondents saying that the area 
of  catch  or  production  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  of 
these products. 

  Slightly  more  than  three-quarters  of  respondents  (76%) 
consider  that  the  date  of  catch  or  production  should  be 
mentioned on the label for all fishery and aquaculture products, 
a long way ahead of environmental information (44%, +5 pp.), 
which has gained five percentage points since 2018; 

  The date of catch or production is the most common answer in 
the 27 EU Member States, mentioned by over 60% respondents 
in each. 

  From  a  socio-demographic  perspective,  respondents  who  are 
younger, have spent more time in full-time education, and who 
consider themselves upper class are more likely to mention that 
information on environmental impact, ethical information, and 
social information should appear on the label of all fishery and 
aquaculture products; 

  Moreover,  manual  workers,  those  who  consider  themselves 
working class, and those who have difficulties paying bills most 
of the time, are more likely to mention the cost of the product 
than  managers,  those  who  consider  themselves  upper  class, 
and those who never or almost never have difficulties paying 
bills respectively. 

9 

 
 
 
 
I.

CONSUMER HABITS REGARDING
FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE
PRODUCTS

10 

Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

This  chapter  explores  how  frequently  respondents  say  they  eat 
fishery or aquaculture products at home or elsewhere, the different 
types  of  products  they  eat,  how  frequently  they  buy  fishery  or 
aquaculture products, and where they buy their products. 

As an introduction to the survey, respondents were provided with a 
definition of “fishery and aquaculture products”. For the purposes 
of the survey, fishery and aquaculture products include edible fish, 
shellfish (for example, prawns or crayfish), molluscs (for example 
oysters  and  octopus)  and  seaweeds.  The  definition  covered 
products that are farmed or wild and come from the sea or fresh 
water  sources,  as  well  as  both  raw  and  prepared  products  (for 
example fresh, frozen or tinned products). 

1. 

Frequency  of  eating  fishery  and 
aquaculture products 

Around  six  in  ten  respondents  eat  or  buy  fishery 
aquaculture products at least once a month 

Europeans were asked how frequently they eat or buy fishery or 
aquaculture products5: 

  Nearly two-thirds of respondents (64%, -6 percentage points 
since  2018)  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  home  at 
least once a month; 

  A  majority  of  Europeans  (58%,  -7  pp.)  buy  fishery  or 

aquaculture products at least once a month; 

  Slightly  more  than a  fifth  of  respondents  (21%, -11  pp.)  say 
they  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  restaurants  and 
other food outlets at least once a month. 

Each of these statements will be considered in more detail in the 
following sections.  

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

5 QD1. How frequently do you … 1. Eat fishery or aquaculture products at home?; 2. 
Eat fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food outlets (canteens, 
bars, market stands etc.); 3. Buy fishery or aquaculture products. At least once a 

week; At least once a month but less than once a week; Several times a year but 
less than once a month; Less than once a year; Never; Don’t know. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

a.  Consumption  of  fishery  and  aquaculture 

products at home 

Nearly  two-thirds  of  Europeans  eat  fishery  or 
aquaculture  products  at  home  at  least  once  a 
month 

When  asked  how  frequently  they  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products at home 6, a majority of respondents (64%, -6 percentage 
points  since  2018)  report  that  they  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products at home at least once a month, including a third (-8 pp.) 
who  say  they  eat  these  products  'at  least  once  a  week'  and  a 
similar proportion (31%, +2 pp.) 'at least once a month, but less 
than once a week’.  

Close to a fifth of respondents (19%, +5) say that they eat fishery 
or  aquaculture  products  at  home  'several  times  a  year  but  less 
than  once  a  month',  while  a  slightly  lower  proportion  (16%, 
unchanged) answer 'less than once a year’ or ‘never’. 

A national analysis shows that, in 22 EU Member States, half, or 
a higher share, of respondents say they eat fishery or aquaculture 
products at home at least once a month.  

A considerable majority of respondents do so in Portugal (86%), 
Spain (82%) and Ireland and Estonia (80% in both). At the other 
end of the scale, less than half of respondents answer that they 
eat fishery or aquaculture products at home once a month or more 
in five Member States: Hungary (21%), some way behind Romania 
(35%), Slovakia (40%), Bulgaria (42%) and Austria (43%). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

Respondents are most likely to say that they never eat fishery or 
aquaculture  products  in  Austria  (26%),  Hungary  (25%),  Malta 
(19%) and Italy (17%).. 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

6 QD1.1. How frequently do you … Eat fishery or aquaculture products at home? At 
least once a week; At least once a month but less than once a week; Several times a 
year but less than once a month; Less than once a year; Never; Don’t know. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In terms of evolutions since 2018, the share of respondents who 
say they eat fishery or aquaculture products at home at least once 
a month has decreased in 22 EU Member States, and by at least 
ten  percentage  points  in  eight  Member  States,  most  notably  in  

Cyprus (57%, -22 percentage points since 2018), Romania (35%,  
-20 pp.) and Bulgaria (42%, -16 pp.). Conversely, it has increased 
in  five  Member  States,  particularly  in  Czechia  (70%,  +23  pp.), 
Ireland (80%, +19 pp.) and Belgium (74%, +9 pp.). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

13 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that more than 
half of respondents in all socio-demographic categories say they 
eat fishery or aquaculture products at home at least once a month: 

  Respondents aged 55 and over are more likely than those aged 
15-24 years to eat fishery or aquaculture products at home at 
least once a month (68% compared with 54%); 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 20 
years or beyond are more likely to do so (71%, compared with 
63% of those who finished their education aged 15 or earlier); 

  Managers (72%) and self-employed people (71%) are the most 
likely to eat fishery or aquaculture products at home at least 
once  a  month  (compared  with  56%  of  manual  workers  and 
58% of students); 

QD1.1

How frequently do you … 
 Eat fishery or aquaculture products at home (% - EU)

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying their bills are the most likely to eat these products on a 
monthly basis (67%, compared with 55% of those who have 
such difficulties most of the time); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  middle  class 
(75%) or upper class (73%) are more likely than those who see 
themselves as working class (59%) or lower middle class (60%) 
to do so. 

In addition, respondents who prefer wild fishery and aquaculture 
products  (83%)  are  more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  farmed 
products (73%) to say they eat fishery or aquaculture products at 
home at least once a month. 

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

33

33
33

24
27
33
38

33
28
39
27

36
39
30
25
32
34
38
27

25
25
36

31
27
33
44
47

48
35
34

t
u
b
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
r
a
e
y
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

31

31
30

30
31
32
30

30
30
32
31

35
33
31
31
30
27
29
31

30
31
31

28
33
32
31
26

35
38
37

19

20
19

21
21
20
18

18
22
17
20

16
16
23
25
16
17
18
20

21
23
18

22
23
18
14
17

15
23
26

r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

5

5
6

6
7
5
5

6
7
4
4

5
5
5
6
7
6
5
4

8
8
5

6
6
5
4
5

1
3
2

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

14 

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

64

64
63

54
58
65
68

63
58
71
58

71
72
61
56
62
61
67
58

55
56
67

59
60
65
75
73

83
73
71

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

r
o

35

36
36

45
41
34
31

36
41
29
41

29
28
38
43
35
39
32
41

44
43
33

40
39
34
25
27

17
27
29

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1

0
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
0
1

0
0
1
1
3
0
1
1

1
1
0

1
1
1
0
0

0
0
0

r
e
v
e
N

11

11
11

18
13
9
8

12
12
8
17

8
7
10
12
12
16
9
17

15
12
10

12
10
11
7
5

1
1
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

b. Consumption of fishery or aquaculture
products at restaurants and other food
outlets

Slightly more than one in five Europeans say they 
fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at 
eat 
restaurants and other food outlets at least once 
a month 

A  fifth  of  respondents (21%, -11  percentage  points since  2018) 
eat fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food 
outlets (canteens, bars, market stands, etc.)7 at least once a month. 
7% (-4 pp.) do so ‘at least once a week’, while 14% (-7 pp.) do so 
‘at least once a month, but less than once a week’.  

Three  in  ten  respondents  (30%,  +2  pp.)  say  they  eat  fishery  or 
aquaculture  products  at  restaurants  and  other  food  outlets 
‘several times a year but less than once a month’, while over a fifth 
(21%,  +7  pp.)  do  so  'less  than  once  a  year',  and  more  than  a 
quarter (27%, +1 pp.) ‘never’ do. 

Close to half of respondents eat fishery and aquaculture products 
in  restaurants  or  other  food  outlets  at  least  once  a  month  in 
Portugal (49%), substantially ahead of Luxembourg (40%), Spain 
(32%) and Ireland (31%).  

At the other end of the scale, less than a tenth of respondents eat 
such products out-of-home at least once a month in Hungary (9%), 
followed closely by Romania and Bulgaria (12% in both). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

More than a fifth of respondents never eat fishery or aquaculture 
products at restaurants and other food outlets in 14 EU Member 
States, with the highest proportions in Hungary (45%) and Poland 
and Austria (35% in both), and the lowest in Portugal (8%), and 
Belgium and Luxembourg (both 12%). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

7 QD1.2. How frequently do you … Eat fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants 
and other food outlets (canteens, bars, market stands etc.)? At least once a week; At 

least once a month but less than once a week; Several times a year but less than 
once a month; Less than once a year; Never; Don’t know. 

15 

Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Since 2018, the proportion of respondents who say they eat fishery 
and aquaculture products in restaurants or other food outlets at 
least  once  a  month  has  fallen  in  24  EU  Member  States,  most  

dramatically in Sweden (21%, -27 percentage points since 2018), 
and  Cyprus  (22%,  -19  pp.).  In  contrast,  it  has  risen  slightly  in 
Czechia (21%, +6 pp.), Portugal (49%, +2 pp.) and Lithuania (21%, 
+1 pp.). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

16 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Men are the most likely to say they eat fishery or aquaculture 
products  in  restaurants  or  other  food  outlets  at  least  once  a 
month (23%, compared with 18% of women); 

  Respondents aged 40-54 years are more likely than those aged 
15-24  years  and  55  and  over  to  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products out-of-home at least once a month (25% compared 
with 18%); 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 20 
years or beyond are much more likely to do so (27%, compared 
with  12%  of  those  who  finished  their  education  aged  15  or 
earlier); 

  Managers (29%) and self-employed people (27%) are the most 
likely to eat fishery or aquaculture products in restaurants or 
other food outlets at least once a month (compared with 14% 
of house persons and 16% of retired people); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  (37%)  or 
upper middle class (31%) are more likely than those who see 
themselves as working class (15%) or lower middle class (18%) 
to eat such products in restaurants at least once a month.  

QD1.2

How frequently do you … 
Eat fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food outlets (canteens, bars, market stands etc.) (% - EU)

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

21

23
18

18
22
25
18

12
18
27
19

27
29
21
21
14
19
16
19

15
18
22
31
37

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

78

76
80

81
77
74
80

86
81
72
80

71
70
78
77
84
80
82
80

84
80
77
68
62

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1

1
2

1
1
1
2

2
1
1
1

2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1

1
2
1
1
1

r
e
v
e
N

27

25
28

31
24
21
31

40
30
18
29

19
16
20
25
34
35
35
29

37
27
24
17
11

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

7

7
6

6
7
8
6

4
5
9
6

9
9
6
7
4
6
5
6

5
6
7
10
13

t
u
b
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
r
a
e
y
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

14

16
12

12
15
17
12

8
13
18
13

18
20
15
14
10
13
11
13

10
12
15
21
24

30

31
30

30
33
31
27

22
28
35
31

33
37
35
30
24
25
25
31

23
29
33
34
33

r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

21

20
22

20
20
22
22

24
23
19
20

19
17
23
22
26
20
22
20

24
24
20
17
18

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

c.  Consumption of fishery or aquaculture 

products (total) 

The  map  below  combines  the  results  from  the  previous  two 
questions to show the percentage of respondents who eat fishery 
or aquaculture products at least once a month either at home, at 
restaurants or other food outlets, or in both places. 

In 22 EU Member States, more than half of respondents say they 
eat  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least  once  a  month.  A 
considerable majority of respondents give this answer in Portugal 
(88%), Spain (85%), and Sweden, Ireland and Estonia (81% in all 
three). 

At the other end of the scale, a minority eat fishery or aquaculture 
products at least once a month in five Member States: in Hungary 
(23%), far below Romania (38%), Slovakia (43%), Bulgaria (44%) 
and Austria (46%). 

In fact, the map shows that respondents in Member States with 
access  to  the  sea  are  generally  more  likely  than  those  in  land-
locked  Member  States  to  say  they  eat  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products at least once a month, although Czechia is an exception. 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

18 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In terms of evolutions since 2018, the share of respondents saying 
they eat fishery and aquaculture products at least once a month 
has fallen in 21 EU Member States, and by at least ten percentage 
points  in  seven  Member  States:  most  notably  in  Cyprus  (60%,  

-20 percentage points since 2018), Romania (38%, -20 pp.), and 
Bulgaria  (44%,  -17  pp.).  Conversely,  it  has  risen  in  six  Member 
States, specifically so in Czechia (72%, +23 pp.) and Ireland (81%, 
+18 pp.). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

19 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

2. 

Types  of  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products  eaten  in  the  last  12 
months 

Frozen  products  are  the  most  eaten  products, 
slightly ahead of fresh products  (including live), 
and tinned products 

Respondents  who  said  they  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture  products 
either  at  home,  at  restaurants  or  other  food  outlets,  or  in  both 
places at least several times a year were asked how frequently they 
have eaten six types of fishery and aquaculture products over the 
last 12 months8: 

  Slightly  more  than  a  fifth  of  respondents  (21%)  eat  fresh 
products  (including  live)  ‘once  a  week’,  while  close  to  a 
quarter (24%) eat them ‘once or twice a month’. On the other 
hand, 38% eat frozen products less than once a month or never; 

  Close  to  a  fifth  of  respondents  (19%)  eat  frozen  products 
‘once  a  week’,  and  34%  eat  them  ‘once  or  twice  a  month’. 
However, over a third of respondents (36%) answer that they 
have  eaten  these  products  less  than  once  a  month  or  never 
over the last 12 months; 

  A fifth of respondents eat tinned products ‘once a week’, and 
nearly a third (31%) eat them ‘once or twice a month’. However, 
39% say they eat tinned products less than once a month or 
never; 

  More than a tenth of respondents (14%) eat frozen raw fish 
‘once a week’, while more than a quarter (27%) eat them ‘once 
or twice a month’. On the other hand, half of respondents eat 
frozen raw fish less than once a month or never; 

  A similar proportion (13%) say they eat frozen prepared or 
processed  fish  ‘once  a  week’,  and  28%  eat  them  ‘once  or 
twice a month’. However, a slight majority (51%) answer say 
they have eaten this product less than once a month or never 
over the last 12 months; 

  Finally, 11% eat products that are smoked, salted, dried 
or in brine ‘once a week’, while 28% eat them ‘once or twice 
a  month’.  The  majority  (53%)  eat  these  products  less  than 
once a month or never. 

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

8 QD4. How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and 
aquaculture products over the last 12 months? 1. Fresh products, including live; 2. 
Frozen products; 3. Frozen raw fish; 4. Frozen prepared or processed fish; 5. Products 

that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine; 6. Tinned products. Every day; Several 
times a week; Once a week; Once or twice a month; Less than once a month; You 
have never eaten this product (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In 17 EU Member States, at least half of respondents report that 
they eat fresh products (including live), at least once a month. 
A  substantial  majority  do  so  in  Spain  (89%),  Greece  (85%), 
Portugal (84%), Malta (81%) and Cyprus (80%). At the other end 
of the scale, fewer than four in ten eat fresh products at least once 
a month in Germany (35%), Hungary (36%) and Slovakia (38%). 

In ten Member States, more than half report that they eat fresh 
products (including live), less than once a month or never. This is 
particularly the case in Hungary (64%), Czechia and Slovakia (58% 
in both).  

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

21 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that, in every 
socio-demographic category, more than half of respondents have 
eaten  fresh  fishery  and  aquaculture  products  (including  live),  at 
least once a month over the last 12 months: 

  Respondents aged 55 and over are more likely than those aged 
15-24  years  to  eat  fresh  products  (including  live)  (61% 
compared with 53%) at least once a month; 

  Respondents  who  finished  their  education  aged  15  or  earlier 
(64%) and those who remained in education up to the age of 
20  years  or  beyond  (62%)  are  more  likely  than  those  who 
finished their education between 16 and 19 years (57%) to say 
they eat these products at least once a month; 

  Self-employed  people  (68%),  house  persons  (66%)  and 
managers  (64%)  are  more  likely  to  eat  fresh  products 
(including  live),  at  least  once  a  month,  particularly  when 
compared with manual workers and students (both 55%); 

  Respondents who consider themselves upper class (73%) are 
the  most  likely  to  say  they  eat these  fresh  products  at  least 
once a month, particularly when compared with those who see 
themselves as lower middle class (52%). 

In addition, respondents who prefer wild fishery and aquaculture 
products (70%) are much more likely than those who prefer farmed 
products (58%) to say they eat fresh products (including live), at 
least once a month. 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  at  a 
fishmonger,  a  fishmonger’s  stall  in  a  market  hall  or  a  specialist 
store (74%) or at a street market (73%) during the last 12 months 
are much more likely than those who have bought fishery products 
at  the  grocery  store,  supermarket  or  hypermarket  (56%)  to  eat 
fresh products (including live), at least once a month. 

22 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.1

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12 months?   
Fresh products, including live (% - EU)

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

11

9
11
11
12

15
10
11
8

14
11
11
10
14
14
12
8

13
9
11
10
11

12

16

10

11

9
13

14
11
10

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

21

19
19
23
23

25
21
22
20

25
22
21
19
26
22
22
20

19
18
23
22
22

30

28

20

25

26
20

27
18
20

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

3

2
3
3
2

2
2
3
3

3
3
2
2
2
3
2
3

3
2
2
3
6

4

3

2

3

7
2

3
3
2

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

24

23
24
25
24

22
24
26
24

26
28
25
24
24
21
22
24

21
23
26
28
34

27

27

24

31

21
29

26
26
24

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

31

35
34
30
29

25
33
30
35

24
29
34
35
26
29
30
35

33
36
30
28
23

21

22

34

26

27
26

23
32
32

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

7

9
6
5
7

8
7
6
8

6
5
5
7
6
8
9
8

7
8
6
7
4

4

3

7

3

6
5

5
8
8

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

59

53
57
62
61

64
57
62
55

68
64
59
55
66
60
58
55

56
52
62
63
73

73

74

56

70

63
64

70
58
56

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

r
o

38

44
40
35
36

33
40
36
43

30
34
39
42
32
37
39
43

40
44
36
35
27

25

25

41

29

33
31

28
40
40

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

3
3
3
3

3
3
2
2

2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2

4
4
2
2
0

2

1

3

1

4
5

2
2
4

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in a market hall 
or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish auction or 
from the fisherman
Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A national analysis shows that, in 23 EU Member States, at least 
half of respondents eat frozen products once a month or more. 
A  large  majority  do  so  in  Portugal  (91%),  Sweden  (78%),  Spain, 
Italy, Lithuania and Malta (74% in all four), and Croatia (72%). At 
the other end of the scale, less than half eat frozen products at 
least  once  a  month  in  Hungary  (38%),  the  Netherlands  and 
Bulgaria (45% in both), and Czechia (49%). 

On the other hand, at least half of respondents say they eat frozen 
products less than once a month or never in Hungary (61%), the 
Netherlands  (53%),  Bulgaria  (52%),  Czechia  (51%)  and  Estonia 
(50%). 

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

24 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that over half 
of respondents in all socio-demographic categories say they have 
eaten  frozen  fishery  and  aquaculture  products  at  least  once  a 
month over the last 12 months: 

  Respondents aged 55 and over are the least likely to eat frozen 
products  at  least  once  a  month  (60%,  compared  with  64%-
66% in the other age categories); 

  Unemployed people (69%) and house persons (68%) are more 
likely  than  retired  people  (58%)  and  self-employed  people 
(60%) to eat these products at least once a month; 

  Respondents who have difficulties paying their bills from time 
to time are the most likely to eat these products at least once 
a  month  (68%,  compared  with  61%  of  those  who  never  or 
almost never have such difficulties); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  lower  middle  class 
(65%) are more likely than those who see themselves as upper 
class  (56%)  to  say  they  eat  frozen  products  at  least  once  a 
month. 

Moreover,  respondents  who  prefer  farmed  products  (66%)  are 
slightly more likely than those who prefer wild products (61%) to 
say they eat frozen products at least once a month. 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(70%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to eat frozen 
products at least once a month. 

QD4.2

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12 months?   Frozen products  (% - EU)

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
2
1
1

0
1
1
1
1
2
0
2

3
1
1

1
1
1
1
3

1

1

1

1

6
0

1
2
1

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman

Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

8

10
9
9
7

9
9
8
8
11
10
6
10

11
11
7

10
8
7
7
7

8

9

7

9

14
8

8
9
9

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

19

17
19
21
19

20
20
19
19
21
24
18
17

19
22
18

19
19
20
20
10

19

21

20

18

19
1

20
20
18

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

34

36
34
35
33

31
34
37
35
35
33
34
35

32
34
35

32
37
34
34
36

34

33

37

33

31
34

32
35
36

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

31

29
30
30
32

34
30
31
31
26
23
33
31

27
28
32

30
29
31
32
34

31

30

30

31

28
30

31
27
31

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

5

5
5
3
6

4
5
3
5
6
6
7
4

7
3
5

6
4
5
5
7

6

5

4

6

2
9

6
6
4

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

62

64
64
66
60

60
64
65
63
68
69
58
64

65
68
61

62
65
62
62
56

62

64

65

61

70
43

61
66
64

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

36

34
35
33
38

38
35
34
36
32
29
40
35

34
31
37

36
33
36
37
41

37

35

34

37

30
39

37
33
35

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2

2
1
1
2

2
1
1
1
0
2
2
1

1
1
2

2
2
2
1
3

1

1

1

2

0
18

2
1
1

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

More than half of respondents in 18 EU Member States say they 
eat tinned products at least once a month. A large majority do 
so in Malta (87%), Spain (86%) and Italy (83%). Conversely, fewer 
than  four  in  ten  eat  tinned  products  once  a  month  or  more  in 
Greece (31%), Bulgaria (32%), Sweden (34%) and the Netherlands 
(35%). 

A majority say they eat tinned products less than once a month or 
never  in  Greece  (68%),  Sweden  (66%),  Bulgaria  (65%),  the 
Netherlands  (64%),  Belgium  (60%),  Luxembourg  (54%)  and 
Hungary (52%). 

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

26 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Men (61%) are slightly more likely than women (57%) to say 
that they have eaten tinned fishery and aquaculture products 
at least once a month over the last 12 months; 

  Respondents aged 40 and over are the most likely to eat tinned 
products at least once a month (60%), particularly compared 
with those aged 15-24 years (55%); 

  Respondents  who  finished  their  education  aged  15  or  earlier 
(69%)  are  the  most  likely  to  say  they  eat  tinned  products  at 
least once a month, particularly when compared with those who 
remained  in  education  up  to  the  age  of  20  years  or  beyond 
(54%); 

  Unemployed people (69%) and house persons (68%) are much 
more  likely  than  students  (54%),  managers  (56%)  and  other 
white collars (57%) to eat these products at least once a month; 

  Respondents who have difficulties paying their bills from time 
to time (65%) or most of the time (64%) are more likely than 
those who never or almost never have such difficulties (56%) 
to eat tinned products at least once a month; 

  Respondents who consider themselves working class (63%) are 
the most likely to say they eat tinned products at least once a 
month,  particularly  when  compared  with  those  who  see 
themselves as upper middle class (49%) or upper class (50%). 

In  addition,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  at  a 
fishmonger,  a  fishmonger’s  stall  in  a  market  hall  or  a  specialist 
store (64%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to eat 
tinned  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least  once  a  month, 
compared with 56% of those who have bought fishery products at 
a fish farm, at the fish harbour/fish auction or from the fisherman. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.6

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12 months?   Tinned products (% - EU)

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
1

1
1
1
1

0
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
3
0
1

2
2
0

1
1
1
1
4

1

1

1

1

3
0

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store

At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket

At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman

Online
Other

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

7

8
6

10
8
8
6

9
7
6
9

7
7
5
8
9
15
5
9

13
10
6

10
7
6
5
4

5

8

7

8

13
0

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

20

20
19

17
19
21
20

26
21
17
18

23
18
21
19
27
20
19
18

19
23
19

21
19
21
14
11

20

23

20

19

17
1

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

31

32
31

27
30
30
33

34
33
30
26

30
30
30
32
31
31
34
26

30
30
31

31
34
31
29
31

31

32

33

28

28
29

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

33

32
34

34
34
34
31

22
30
38
35

33
37
35
32
24
24
33
35

28
29
35

29
31
33
41
42

34

30

33

35

34
44

n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
s
i
h
t

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

6

6
7

9
7
5
7

7
7
6
9

5
5
7
7
6
5
7
9

7
5
7

6
6
7
8
6

7

5

5

7

4
22

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

59

61
57

55
58
60
60

69
62
54
54

61
56
57
60
68
69
58
54

64
65
56

63
61
59
49
50

57

64

61

56

61
30

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

r
o

39

38
41

43
41
39
38

29
37
44
44

38
42
42
39
30
29
40
44

35
34
42

35
37
40
49
48

41

35

38

42

38
66

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2

1
2

2
1
1
2

2
1
2
2

1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2

1
1
2

2
2
1
2
2

2

1

1

2

1
4

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In seven EU Member States, a majority report that they eat frozen 
raw  fish  at  least  once  a  month.  This  is  especially  the  case  in 
Portugal (70%), Sweden (63%) and Lithuania (61%). However, less 
than  a  third  eat  frozen  raw  fish  at  least  once  a  month  in  the 
Netherlands and Denmark (29% in both), and Hungary (30%). 

In 17 EU Member States, half or more of respondents answer that 
they  eat  frozen  raw  fish less  than  once  a  month  or  never.  Over 
two-thirds do so in Denmark (71%), the Netherlands and Hungary 
(68% in both).  

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

29 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents aged 40-54 years (49%) and 25-39 years (48%) 
are  more  likely  than  those  aged  55  and  over  (43%)  to  eat 
frozen raw fish at least once a month; 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 16 
years or beyond (47%) are slightly more likely than those who 
finished their education aged 15 or earlier (43%) to say they 
eat these products at least once a month; 

  Unemployed people (51%) are the most likely to eat frozen raw 
fish at least once a month, particularly compared with retired 
people (42%) or students (45%); 

  Respondents who have difficulties paying their bills from time 
to time are the most likely to eat these products at least once 
a  month  (50%,  compared  with  45%  of  those  who  never  or 
almost never have such difficulties); 

  Respondents who consider themselves upper class (49%) are 
the most likely to say they eat frozen raw fish at least once a 
month,  particularly  when  compared  with  those  who  see 
themselves as upper middle class (45%) or lower middle class 
(45%). 

In  addition,  respondents  who  prefer  farmed  products  are slightly 
more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  wild  products  to  say  they  eat 
frozen raw fish at least once a month (51% compared with 47%). 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(59%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to eat frozen 
raw fish at least once a month, compared with 45% of those who 
have bought fishery products at a street market. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.3

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12 months?   
Frozen raw fish (% - EU)

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
1
1
0

1
1
1
1

1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1

2
1
0

1
0
1
1
3

1

1

1

2

4
2

1
2
1

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman

Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

5

5
5
4
4

4
4
5
5

5
5
4
4
5
6
4
5

6
6
4

6
4
4
5
5

4

5

4

6

9
4

6
5
4

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

14

13
13
15
13

13
13
14
13

13
14
13
16
13
17
12
13

14
16
13

13
14
14
14
8

14

15

14

13

16
3

14
15
14

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

27

26
29
29
26

25
29
27
26

29
27
31
27
28
27
26
26

26
27
28

27
27
28
25
33

26

28

29

28

30
25

26
29
29

a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

h
t
n
o
m

n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
s
i
h
t

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

39

41
39
38
39

35
37
40
42

38
42
41
38
33
32
39
42

32
37
40

37
39
39
41
39

38

36

39

36

33
36

37
33
38

11

11
10
10
14

16
12
10
10

10
9
8
11
18
13
14
10

17
10
11

13
11
11
11
10

14

12

10

11

7
16

12
13
11

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

47

45
48
49
43

43
47
47
45

48
47
48
48
47
51
42
45

48
50
45

47
45
47
45
49

45

49

48

49

59
34

47
51
48

a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

r
o
h
t
n
o
m

50

52
49
48
53

51
49
50
52

48
51
49
49
51
45
53
52

49
47
51

50
50
50
52
49

52

48

49

47

40
52

49
46
49

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

3
3
3
4

6
4
3
3

4
2
3
3
2
4
5
3

3
3
4

3
5
3
3
2

3

3

3

4

1
14

4
3
3

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

More than half of respondents in 11 EU Member States say they 
eat frozen prepared or processed fish at least once a month, 
with proportions varying from 64% in both Malta and Portugal and 
61% in Lithuania to 28% in Greece, 32% in Bulgaria and 33% in 
both France and Hungary. 

On  the  other  hand,  a  majority  say  they  eat  frozen  prepared  or 
processed fish less than once a month or never in 15 EU Member 
States, with the highest levels in Greece (69%), Hungary (65%) and 
Luxembourg (64%). 

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

32 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Men  (48%)  are  slightly  more  likely  than  women  (44%)  to 
answer that they eat frozen prepared or processed fish at least 
once a month; 

  Respondents aged 15-24 years (50%) and 25-54 years (49%) 
are  more  likely  than  those  aged  55  and  over  (42%)  to  eat 
frozen prepared or processed fish at least once a month; 

  Respondents who finished their education between 16 and 19 
years  (47%)  are  more  likely  than  those  who  finished  their 
education  aged  15  or  earlier  (42%)  to  say  they  eat  these 
products at least once a month; 

  Other white collars (50%), students (50%) and manual workers 
(49%) are the most likely to eat frozen prepared or processed 
fish at least once a month, particularly compared with retired 
people (39%); 

  Respondents who have difficulties paying their bills from time 
to time are the most likely to eat these products at least once 
a  month  (52%),  compared  with  those  who  never  or  almost 
never have such difficulties (43%) and those who have them 
most of the time (45%); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  lower  middle  class 
(49%),  middle  class  (48%)  or  upper  middle  class  (47%)  are 
more  likely  than  those  who  see  themselves  as  upper  class 
(39%) or working class (42%) to say they eat frozen prepared 
or processed fish at least once a month. 

In  addition,  respondents  who  prefer  farmed  products  are  much 
more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  wild  products  to  say  they  eat 
frozen  prepared  or  processed  fish  at  least  once  a  month  (53% 
compared with 41%). 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(61%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to eat frozen 
prepared or processed fish at least once a month, compared with 
45% of those who have bought fishery products at a street market 
or  at  a  fishmonger,  a  fishmonger’s  stall  in  a  market  hall  or  a 
specialist store. 

33 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.4

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12 months?   
Frozen prepared or processed fish (% - EU)

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
0

1
1
1
0

0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1

2
1
0

1
1
1
1
2

1

1

0

1

4
0

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store

At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman
Online
Other

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

4

4
4

4
5
4
4

4
4
5
4

5
5
4
4
6
5
3
4

5
7
3

4
4
4
5
7

5

4

4

6

10
0

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

13

14
12

13
13
15
12

11
14
13
13

14
13
14
15
12
14
11
13

13
15
12

12
13
14
13
8

13

13

13

12

16
6

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

28

29
28

32
30
29
26

27
28
27
32

27
28
31
29
27
26
25
32

25
29
28

25
31
29
28
22

26

27

30

29

31
28

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

40

39
40

38
40
38
40

36
38
42
40

41
41
40
38
37
34
41
40

37
37
41

41
36
39
42
41

40

40

40

37

33
17

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

11

10
12

9
8
10
14

17
11
10
7

9
9
8
10
15
14
15
7

15
9
12

13
11
10
9
15

13

12

10

11

5
35

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

46

48
44

50
49
49
42

42
47
45
50

46
47
50
49
45
46
39
50

45
52
43

42
49
48
47
39

45

45

47

48

61
34

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

51

49
52

47
48
48
54

53
49
52
47

50
50
48
48
52
48
56
47

52
46
53

54
47
49
51
56

53

52

50

48

38
52

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

3
4

3
3
3
4

5
4
3
3

4
3
2
3
3
6
5
3

3
2
4

4
4
3
2
5

2

3

3

4

1
14

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In ten EU Member States, more than half of respondents say that 
they eat products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine 
at  least  once  a  month.  Respondents  are  most  likely  to  do  so  in 
Lithuania (72%), Denmark and Latvia (65% in both), Estonia (64%) 
and Portugal (62%) and least likely in Hungary and Greece (23% 
in both), and Bulgaria (25%). 

In  16  EU  Member  States,  half  or  more  answer  that  they  eat 
products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine less than once 
a month or never. More than seven in ten do so in Greece (75%), 
Hungary (73%) and Bulgaria (71%). 

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

35 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Men (46%) are slightly more likely than women (42%) to say 
they eat products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine at 
least once a month; 

  Respondents aged 40-54 years (47%) are slightly more likely 
than those aged 15-24 years (43%) or 55 and over (43%) to 
eat products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine at least 
once a month; 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 20 
years or beyond (48%) are much more likely than those who 
finished their education aged 15 or earlier (36%) to say they 
eat these products at least once a month; 

  Managers (51%) and self-employed people (50%) are the most 
likely to eat products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine 
at least once a month, particularly when compared with house 
persons (37%); 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying their bills are the most likely to eat these products at 
least once a month (46%, compared with 39% of those who 
have such difficulties most of the time); 

  Respondents who consider themselves upper class (64%) are 
the most likely to say they eat products that are smoked, salted, 
dried  or  in  brine  at  least  once  a  month,  particularly  when 
compared  with  respondents  who  see  themselves  as  working 
class (35%). 

In  addition,  respondents  who  prefer  farmed  products  are slightly 
more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  wild  products  to  say  they  eat 
products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine at least once a 
month (51% compared with 46%). 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(64%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to eat these 
products at least once a month, compared with 44% of those who 
have bought fishery products at the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket. 

36 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.5

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12 months? Products that are smoked,
salted, dried or in brine (% - EU)

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
1

1
1
1
0

0
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1

2
1
1

1
1
1
0
1

1

1

1

1

5
0

1
1
1

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman

Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

4

4
3

5
4
4
4

3
3
5
5

4
5
3
3
4
4
3
5

5
5
4

3
3
4
7
7

6

4

3

7

10
0

4
5
4

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

11

12
10

10
11
12
11

9
11
12
9

14
12
11
13
8
11
10
9

11
11
11

8
12
12
13
12

13

13

10

13

19
0

12
14
11

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

28

29
28

27
28
30
28

24
29
30
27

31
33
29
29
24
24
28
27

21
25
30

23
26
30
32
44

31

30

30

34

30
16

29
31
28

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

43

42
44

42
45
42
43

44
42
43
44

39
41
45
42
48
43
43
44

45
43
43

48
44
42
40
28

39

41

44

36

31
56

42
36
42

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

10

9
11

11
8
9
11

16
11
7
10

9
6
9
10
12
13
12
10

13
11
9

13
10
9
6
6

9

9

9

7

3
24

9
10
11

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

44

46
42

43
44
47
43

36
44
48
42

50
51
44
46
37
40
41
42

39
42
46

35
42
47
52
64

51

48

44

55

64
16

46
51
44

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

r
o

53

51
55

53
53
51
54

60
53
50
54

48
47
54
52
60
56
55
54

58
54
52

61
54
51
46
34

48

50

53

43

34
80

51
46
53

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

3
3

4
3
2
3

4
3
2
4

2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4

3
4
2

4
4
2
2
2

1

2

3

2

2
4

3
3
3

Base: Respondents who eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,574) 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

3. 

Frequency  of  buying  fishery  and 
aquaculture products 

Nearly  six  in  ten  Europeans  buy  fishery  or 
aquaculture products at least once a month 

When  asked  how  frequently  they  buy  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products9, a majority of respondents (58%, -7 percentage points 
since 2018) say that they do so at least once a month. More than 
a  quarter  (27%, -9  pp.)  buy  these  products weekly  and  nearly a 
third  (31%, +2  pp.)  'at  least  once  a  month  but  less  than  once  a 
week'. Moreover, more than a fifth of respondents (21%, +7 pp.) 
buy them 'several times a year but less than once a month’, while 
6% (+1 pp.) do so ‘less than once a year’ and 14% (-2 pp.) 'never' 
buy these products. 

A national analysis reveals that most respondents say they buy 
fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least  once  a  month  in  21  EU 
Member States. More than three-quarters of respondents do so in 
Portugal (81%), Spain (78%) and Ireland (77%). At the other end 
of the scale, less than half of respondents buy these products at 
least once a month in six Member States: Hungary (16%), where 
this proportion is by far the lowest, but also in Romania (30%) and 
Bulgaria  and  Slovakia  (37%  in  both),  Austria  (38%)  and  Poland 
(43%).  

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

On the other hand, over one fifth of respondents say they ‘never’ 
buy these products in four EU Member States: in Hungary (33%), 
Austria (27%), Malta (23%) and Italy (21%). Conversely, less than 
one tenth ‘never’ buy them in 12 Member States, with the lowest 
proportions in Czechia (4%) and Portugal and Greece (5% in both).  

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

9 QD1.3. How frequently do you … Buy fishery or aquaculture products, At least once 
a week; At least once a month but less than once a week; Several times a year but 
less than once a month; Less than once a year; Never; Don’t know. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Since 2018, the share of respondents who say they buy fishery or 
aquaculture products at least once a month has fallen in 21 EU 
Member  States,  most  notably  in  Romania  (30%, -21  percentage 
points), and Cyprus (57%, -17) and Bulgaria (37%, -17 pp.). 

On  the  other  hand,  it  has  risen  in  six  Member  States,  most 
dramatically in Czechia (66%, +22 pp.) and Ireland (77%, +20 pp.). 

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

39 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents aged 55 and over (65%) and 40-54 years (62%) 
are  more  likely  than  those  aged  15-24  years  (39%)  to  buy 
fishery or aquaculture products at least once a month; 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 20 
years or beyond are more likely to do so (67%, compared with 
59% of those who finished their education aged 15 or earlier); 

  Managers (69%) and self-employed people (66%) are the most 
likely  to  buy  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least  once  a 
month (compared with 41% of students and 52% of manual 
workers); 

  Respondents who never or almost never have difficulties paying 
their bills are the most likely to buy these products on a monthly 
basis  (61%,  compared  with  52%  of  those  who  have  such 
difficulties most of the time); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  (72%)  or 
upper middle class (69%) are more likely than those who see 
themselves as working class (54%) or lower middle class (55%) 
to buy fishery or aquaculture products at least once a month. 

Moreover,  respondents  who  prefer  wild  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products  (77%)  are  more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  farmed 
products (66%) to buy fishery or aquaculture products at least once 
a month.  

QD1.3

How frequently do you … 
Buy fishery or aquaculture products (% - EU)

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

27

14
23
28
33

27
23
34
15

31
34
25
21
28
28
32
15

22
21
29

25
23
27
37
35

41
29
27

t
u
b
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
r
a
e
y
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

31

25
31
34
32

32
32
33
26

35
35
31
31
32
30
31
26

30
30
32

29
32
32
32
37

36
37
38

21

21
23
22
19

18
24
19
19

19
17
26
27
16
17
19
19

22
24
20

23
24
20
15
16

18
27
27

r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

6

9
7
6
6

7
7
5
8

5
5
7
7
8
6
6
8

8
9
5

6
8
6
5
5

2
3
4

Base: All respondents (26,669) 

40 

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

58

39
54
62
65

59
55
67
41

66
69
56
52
60
58
63
41

52
51
61

54
55
59
69
72

77
66
65

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

41

59
45
38
35

40
44
33
57

34
31
44
48
38
42
36
57

48
48
38

45
44
40
31
28

23
34
35

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1

2
1
0
0

1
1
0
2

0
0
0
0
2
0
1
2

0
1
1

1
1
1
0
0

0
0
0

r
e
v
e
N

14

29
15
10
10

15
13
9
30

10
9
11
14
14
19
11
30

18
15
13

16
12
14
11
7

3
4
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

4.  Where  people  buy  fishery  and 

aquaculture products 

The grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket is 
the  preferred  place  of  purchase  for  fishery 
products 

Respondents  who  buy  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least 
several times a year were asked where they have bought fishery 
products  during  the  last  12  months10.  They  were  able  to  choose 
multiple responses from a list of five: 

  Close to eight in ten respondents (79%, +2 percentage points 
since  2018)  buy  fishery  products  at  the  grocery  store, 
supermarket or hypermarket, far ahead of any other place 
of purchase; 

  More than four in ten (43%, +1 pp.) buy these products at  a 
fishmonger,  a  fishmonger’s  stall  in  a  market  hall  or  a 
specialist store; 

  At  least  one  tenth  of  respondents  buy  fishery  products  at  a 
street market (15%, +1 pp.) or at a fish farm or at the fish 
harbour/fish auction or from the fisherman (10%, +2 pp.); 

  Finally, very few respondents (2%, +1 pp.) buy these products 

online. 

Since 2018, the proportion of respondents mentioning each of the 
five items has increased slightly, by one or two percentage points. 

Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

10 QD3. Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months? At a 
street market; At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist 
store; At the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket; At a fish farm or at the fish 

harbour/fish auction or from the fisherman; Online; Other; Don’t know. (MULTIPLE 
ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A  national  analysis  highlights  that  the  grocery  store, 
supermarket  or hypermarket is the most mentioned place of 
purchase for fishery products in 26 EU Member States, with the 
highest  proportions  in  Slovakia  (96%),  Finland  (95%)  and 
Luxembourg  (93%).  A  smaller  proportion,  yet  still  a  majority, 
mention such places in Greece (56%), Croatia (66%), Malta (67%) 
and Italy (68%). 

Greece (68%) is the only Member State where a fishmonger, a 
fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist store is 
the most mentioned place of purchase. However, at least six in ten 
also mention these points of sale in Malta (66%), and Spain and 
Croatia  (60%  in  both).  Respondents  are  least  likely  to  mention 
these points of sale in Slovakia (9%), far behind Finland (22%) and 
Luxembourg (23%). 

None of the three other items is ranked in first position among the 
places where respondents have bought fishery products during the 
last 12 months. 

At least one fifth of respondents say they buy fishery products at 
a street market in Greece (41%), the Netherlands (40%), ahead 
of Bulgaria (22%), Belgium (21%) and France (20%). By contrast, 
just 1% mention street markets in Slovakia, 2% in Sweden and 3% 
in Czechia. 

Respondents in Greece (25%), Cyprus (23%) and Slovenia (20%) 
are the most likely to say they buy fishery products at a fish farm 
or at the fish harbour/fish auction or from the fisherman, 
particularly  compared  with  those  in  Spain  and  Sweden  (3%  in 
both). 

Finally, respondents in Denmark (9%), Lithuania (6%) and Austria 
(5%) are the most likely to answer that they buy these products 
online.  

QD3

Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months? 
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (%)

r
o
t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
u
s

,

e
r
o
t
s

y
r
e
c
o
r
g
e
h
t

t
A

t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
y
h

a
n

i

l
l

a
t
s

s
’
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a

,
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

e
r
o
t
s

t
s
i
l

a
i
c
e
p
s
a

r
o

l
l

a
h
t
e
k
r
a
m

79
88
75
88
84
87
91
87
56
77
81
66
68
78
85
81
93
77
67
75
79
74
83
75
84
96
95
92

43
37
45
26
45
34
34
46
68
60
34
60
59
37
45
39
23
42
66
59
33
37
51
32
32
9
22
30

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
e
e
r
t
s
a
t
A

15
21
22
3
7

13
6
9
41
4
20
18
19
4

17
9
4
10
14
40
15
13
10
14
7
1

h
s
i
f

/
r
u
o
b
r
a
h
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

t
a

r
o
m
r
a
f
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

m
o
r
f

r
o
n
o
i
t
c
u
a

10
4
9

10
9
13
9
7
25
3

8
16
9
23
4
5

4
11
8
5
19
12
4
19
20
10
5
3

e
n

i
l

n
O

2
2

0
4
9
1
4
3
1

0
1
1
1

0
4

6
1
1
2
4
5
2
1
1
2
1
3

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lowest percentage per country
Lowest percentage per item

3

12
2
Highest percentage per country
Highest percentage per item

Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

42 

EU27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In  terms  of  evolutions  since  2018,  three  of  the  five  places  of 
purchase  have  registered  national  evolutions  of  at  least  ten 
percentage points: 

  The  proportion  of  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery 
products  at  the  grocery  store,  supermarket  or 
hypermarket during the last 12 months has increased in 16 
EU  Member  States,  most  notably  in  Malta  (67%,  +21 
percentage  points  since  2018). However,  it  has  decreased in 
ten Member States, particularly in Lithuania (81%, -10 pp.). 

  The  share  of  respondents  who  say  they  buy  their  fishery 
products  at  a  fishmonger,  a  fishmonger’s  stall  in  a 
market  hall  or  a  specialist  store  has  fallen  in  19  EU 
Member  States,  particularly  in  Bulgaria  (45%,  -13  pp.). 
Conversely,  it  has  risen  in  seven  Member  States,  with  the 
highest increase in Ireland (46%, +11 pp.). 

  Buying fishery products at a street market has lost ground 
in 11 EU Member States, most dramatically in Greece (41%,  
-14 pp.). On the other hand, it has gained ground slightly in ten 
EU Member States; 

  In  addition,  respondents  are  now  less  likely  to  say  they  buy 
fishery products at a fish farm or at the fish harbour/fish 
auction or from the fisherman, with the largest decrease 
observed in Cyprus (23%, -8 pp.). Meanwhile, respondents are 
more  likely  to  say  they  buy  these  products  online  in  15 
Member States, particularly in Lithuania (6%, +6 pp.). 

QD3

Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months?  (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

t
e
k
r
a
m
a
n

i

l
l

a
t
s

s
’
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a

,
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

e
r
o
t
s

t
s
i
l

a
i
c
e
p
s
a

r
o

l
l

a
h

43

37
45
26
45
34
34
46
68
60
34
60
59
37
45
39
23
42
66
59
33
37
51
32
32
9
22
30

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

1

3
13
4
6
2
7
11
3
3
3
2
5
1
7
4
6
1
8
5
=
1
3
4
6
6
2
2

r
o
t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
u
s

,

e
r
o
t
s

y
r
e
c
o
r
g
e
h
t

t
A

t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
y
h

79

88
75
88
84
87
91
87
56
77
81
66
68
78
85
81
93
77
67
75
79
74
83
75
84
96
95
92

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

5
3
1
6
2
=
7
4
9
1
3
8
9
7
10
9
3
21
1
7
1
1
1
8
3
2
1

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
e
e
r
t
s
a
t
A

15

21
22
3
7
13
6
9
41
4
20
18
19
4
17
9
4
10
14
40
15
13
10
14
7
1
12
2

n
o
i
t
c
u
a
h
s
i
f

/
r
u
o
b
r
a
h
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

t
a

r
o
m
r
a
f
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

m
o
r
f

r
o

10

4
9
10
9
13
9
7
25
3
8
16
9
23
4
5
4
11
8
5
19
12
4
19
20
10
5
3

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

2
7
1
3
2
2
1
6
1
1
1
3
8
6
5
=
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
5
1
3

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

1
=
1
=
2
=
6
3
14
3
3
4
1
=
4
3
2
2
6
2
2
5
1
1
1
2
=
=

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

1

1
=
1
3
1
3
2
=
1
1
=
=
=
3
6
=
=
1
2
2
1
1
=
2
3
2
=

e
n

i
l

n
O

2

2
0
4
9
1
4
3
1
0
1
1
1
0
4
6
1
1
2
4
5
2
1
1
2
1
3
3

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

1
=
1
2
2
1
2
=
1
2
1
1
=
3
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
4
=
2
1
3
2

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
=
=
=
=

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents  aged  55  and  over  are  the  most  likely  to  buy 
fishery products at a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in a 
market hall or a specialist store (46%, compared with 33% 
of those aged 15-24 years); 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 20 
years or beyond are more likely to buy fishery products at the 
(81%, 
grocery  store,  supermarket  or  hypermarket 
compared with 73% of those who finished their education aged 
15 or earlier); 

  Self-employed  people  are  the  most  likely  to  buy  fishery 
products  at  a  fishmonger,  a  fishmonger’s  stall  in  a 
market hall or a specialist store (55%, compared with 35% 
of students), at a street market (18%, compared with 11% 
of  unemployed  people)  and  at  a  fish  farm  or  at  the  fish 
harbour/fish  auction  or  from  the  fisherman  (14%, 
compared with 7% of house persons, unemployed people and 
students). Conversely, self-employed people and house persons 
(both 75%) are the least likely to buy fishery products at the 
grocery  store,  supermarket  or  hypermarket  (compared 
with 81% of managers, other white collars and students); 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying their bills are the most likely to buy these products at 
the  grocery  store,  supermarket  or  hypermarket  (81%, 
compared with 71% of those who have such difficulties most 
of  the  time),  but  the  least  likely  to  buy  them  at  a  street 
market (14% compared with 19%); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  are  more 
likely  to  buy  fishery  products  at  a  fishmonger,  a 
fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist store 
(51%,  compared  with  38%  of  those  who  see  themselves  as 
lower middle class) and at a street market (28%, compared 
with 10% of those who consider themselves working class), but 
they  are  less  likely  to  buy  these  products  at  the  grocery 
store, supermarket or hypermarket (67%, compared with 
81% of those who see themselves as lower middle class). 

In addition, respondents who prefer wild fishery and aquaculture 
products  (50%)  are  more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  farmed 
products (39%) to say they buy fishery products at a fishmonger, 
a fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist store. 

44 

 
 
  
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD3

Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS
POSSIBLE)
(% - EU)

n

i

l
l

a
t
s

s
’
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a

,
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

e
r
o
t
s

t
s
i
l

a
i
c
e
p
s
a

r
o

l
l

a
h
t
e
k
r
a
m
a

r
o
t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
u
s

,

e
r
o
t
s

y
r
e
c
o
r
g
e
h
t

t
A

t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
y
h

h
s
i
f

/
r
u
o
b
r
a
h
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

t
a

r
o
m
r
a
f
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

m
o
r
f

r
o
n
o
i
t
c
u
a

43

33
41
45
46

48
41
46
35

55
47
43
38
47
41
44
35

41
44
43

40
38
45
48
51

50
39
38

79

80
81
80
77

73
79
81
81

75
81
81
80
75
80
78
81

71
75
81

79
81
78
80
67

76
75
81

10

8
10
10
9

7
10
10
7

14
12
10
9
7
7
9
7

11
10
9

7
8
10
13
11

12
15
7

e
n

i
l

n
O

2

2
2
2
1

1
1
2
3

2
3
2
1
1
2
1
3

2
2
2

1
2
2
4
6

1
3
2

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
e
e
r
t
s
a
t
A

15

15
13
15
17

15
14
16
14

18
16
14
13
14
11
17
14

19
17
14

10
13
16
19
28

16
16
15

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
II. CHANGES IN CONSUMPTION AS A 
RESULT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC  

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

This chapter examines whether or not respondents have changed 
their consumption of fishery and aquaculture products as a result 
of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, it focuses on the consumption of 
six  types  of  fishery  and  aquaculture  products.  Then,  it  looks  at 
respondents’ reasons for increasing, decreasing or more generally 
changing their consumption of fishery and aquaculture products. 

1. 

Changes in consumption of fishery 
and  aquaculture  products  as  a 
result of COVID-19  

At  least  eight  in  ten  respondents  say  their 
consumption  of  the  six  types  of  fishery  and 
aquaculture products remained about the same as 
a result of the COVID-19 pandemic 

Respondents  who  had  previously  reported  that  they  eat  each  of 
the  six  types  of  fishery  and  aquaculture  products  were  asked 
whether  their  consumption  of  this  product  had  ‘increased’, 
‘remained  about  the  same’  or  ‘decreased’  as  a  result  of  the  
COVID-19 pandemic11:The vast majority (80-84%) of respondents 
say their consumption of each of the fishery products ‘remained 
about the same’:  

Base: Respondents that eat specific fishery and aquaculture products (22,541) 

Consumption  has  decreased  more  than  increased  for  four 
products: products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine; frozen 
raw  fish;  fresh  products  (including  live);  and  frozen  prepared  or 
processed fish. 

11 QD5. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of ... 1. Fresh 
products, including live; 2. Frozen products; 3. Frozen raw fish; 4. Frozen prepared or 

processed fish; 5. Products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine; 6. Tinned 
products. Increased; Remained about the same; Decreased; Don’t know. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

a.  Changes in consumption of specific fishery 

and aquaculture products 

A national analysis reveals that, in the 27 EU Member States, a 
considerable majority say their consumption of frozen products 
‘remained about the same’ as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, 
with  the  highest  proportions  among  respondents  in  Denmark 
(92%), the Netherlands (89%) and Hungary (88%). 

In  nine  Member  States,  at  least  one  tenth  say  that  their 
consumption of frozen products ‘increased’, particularly in Portugal 
(25%), far ahead of Ireland (15%) and Belgium (13%). 

Conversely,  consumption  ‘decreased’  in  seven  Member  States, 
most notably in Latvia (17%), Romania (16%) and Bulgaria (14%). 

Base: Respondents that eat frozen products (21,434) 

48 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Overall, analysis of the socio-demographic data reveals very 
few  differences  between  socio-demographic  categories  on  this 
question: 

  Respondents  aged  25-39  years  are  slightly  more  likely  than 
those aged 55 and over to answer that their consumption of 
frozen products ‘increased’ (10% compared with 6%); 

  Managers are the most likely to answer that their consumption 
of frozen products (11%, compared with 5% of retired people) 
‘increased’; 

  Respondents  who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of 
the time are the most likely to say their consumption of these 
products  both  ‘increased’  (15%,  compared  with  7%  of  those 
who  never  or  almost  never  have  such  difficulties)  and 
‘decreased’ (12% compared with 6%), while they are the least 
likely to answer it ‘remained about the same’ (72% compared 
with 86%); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  middle  class 
(9%) or lower middle class (9%) are more likely than those who 
see themselves as upper class (4%) to say their consumption 
of frozen products ‘increased’. 

In addition, respondents who prefer farmed products are slightly 
more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  wild  products  to  say  their 
consumption  of  frozen  products  ‘decreased’  as  a  result  of  the 
COVID-19 pandemic (10% compared with 6%). 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(17%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to answer that 
their consumption of frozen products ‘increased’ as a result of the 
COVID-19 pandemic, particularly compared with those who bought 
fishery products at a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in a market 
hall or a specialist store (8%) or at the grocery store, supermarket 
or hypermarket (8%). 

QD5.2

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of ...
Frozen products (% - EU)

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

8

8
10
9
6

9
11
8
8
8
9
5
9

15
10
7

7
9
8
9
4

9

8

8

10

17
4

9
9
6

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman
Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

84

83
82
83
86

83
84
85
83
86
77
88
82

72
80
86

83
81
85
85
85

82

85

85

81

73
78

84
80
86

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

7

8
7
7
7

8
5
7
8
5
10
6
8

12
9
6

8
8
6
6
7

8

6

6

8

8
3

6
10
7

Base: Respondents that eat frozen products (21,434) 

49 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In all EU Member States, a majority say that their consumption of 
tinned  products  ‘remained  about  the  same’  as  a  result  of  the 
COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents in Sweden and the Netherlands 
(90% in both) and Spain and Denmark (both 88%) are the most 
likely to give this answer. 

Respondents say their consumption of tinned products ‘increased’ 
in  nine  EU  Member  States,  with  the  highest  levels  in  Portugal 
(21%), Italy (14%) and Luxembourg (13%). 

On  the  other  hand,  one  tenth  or  more  respondents  in  nine  EU 
Member  States  state  that  their  consumption  of  tinned  products 
‘decreased’  as  a  consequence  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic, 
particularly in Bulgaria (18%), Romania (17%) and Greece (16%).  

Base: Respondents that eat tinned products (21,098) 

50 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents  aged  15-39  years  are  slightly  more  likely  than 
those  aged  55  and  over  to  report  that  their  consumption  of 
tinned products ‘increased’ (10% compared with 6%); 

  Unemployed  people  are  the  most  likely  to  say  that  their 
consumption  of  tinned  products  ‘increased’  (11%,  compared 
with 5% of both house persons and retired people); 

  Respondents  who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of 
the time are the most likely to say their consumption of these 
products  both  ‘increased’  (16%,  compared  with  6%  of  those 
who  never  or  almost  never  have  such  difficulties)  and 
‘decreased’ (15% compared with 7%), while they are the least 
likely to answer it ‘remained about the same’ (69% compared 
with 86%). 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  at  the 
grocery  store,  supermarket  or  hypermarket  during  the  last  12 
months are more likely than those who have bought such products 
at  a  fish  farm  or  at  the  fish  harbour  /  fish  auction  or  from  the 
fisherman  to  answer  that  their  consumption  of  tinned  products 
‘remained about the same’ as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic 
(85% compared with 78%). 

QD5.6

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of ...
Tinned products (% - EU)

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

8

10
10
9
6

10
9
10
8
5
11
5
10

16
12
6

8

8

7

11

11
7

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman
Online
Other

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

83

81
82
82
86

82
84
82
82
88
78
87
81

69
78
86

82

84

85

78

79
90

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

8

8
8
8
7

7
6
7
9
6
9
7
8

15
9
7

9

7

7

10

9
3

Base: Respondents that eat tinned products (21,098) 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Most  respondents  say  their  consumption  of  fresh  products 
(including live), ‘remained about the same’ in all 27 EU Member 
States.  This  proportion  is  the  highest  in  Hungary  (87%),  Cyprus 
(86%) and Denmark (85%). 

In  eight  Member  States,  respondents  report  an  increase  in  their 
consumption  of  fresh  products  (including  live),  particularly  in 
Ireland and Luxembourg (16% in both), and Portugal and Belgium 
(15% in both). 

Conversely, consumption ‘decreased’ as a result of the COVID-19 
pandemic  in  20  Member  States,  most  notably  in  Latvia  (20%), 
Austria, Czechia and Estonia (18% in all three), and Bulgaria (17%). 

Base: Respondents that eat fresh products, including live (21,059) 

52 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents who remained in education up to the age of 20 
years  or  beyond  are  slightly  more  likely  than  those  who 
finished  their  education  aged  15  or  earlier  to  say  their 
consumption of fresh products (including live), ‘increased’ as a 
result of the COVID-19 pandemic (8% compared with 4%); 

  Managers are the most likely to answer that their consumption 
of fresh products (including live) (11%, compared with 4% of 
house persons) ‘increased’; 

  Respondents  who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of 
the  time  are  much  more  likely  to  say  their  consumption  of 
these products ‘decreased’ (25%, compared with 9% of those 
who never or almost never have such difficulties), while they 
are  the  least  likely  to  answer  it  ‘remained  about  the  same’ 
(65% compared with 83%); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  (12%)  or 
upper middle class (11%) are more likely than those who see 
themselves as working class (4%) to say their consumption of 
fresh products (including live), ‘increased’. 

In addition, respondents who have bought fishery products online 
during the last 12 months are the most likely to answer that their 
consumption  of  fresh  products  (including  live)  ‘increased’  as  a 
result of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly compared with those 
who  have  bought  fishery  products  at  the  grocery  store, 
supermarket or hypermarket (15% compared with 6%). 

QD5.1

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of …
 Fresh products, including live (% - EU)

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

7

4
6
8
7

9
11
8
6
4
6
5
7

9
8
7

4
6
8
11
12

12

8

6

12

15
10

EU27

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman
Online
Other

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

80

82
80
80
81

79
80
81
78
83
72
83
81

65
76
83

79
79
81
80
78

75

81

81

77

70
79

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

12

12
12
11
11

11
8
11
14
12
19
10
11

25
15
9

15
13
10
9
7

12

10

11

11

14
11

Base: Respondents that eat fresh products, including live (21,059) 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Consumption of frozen raw fish ‘remained about the same’ as a 
result of the COVID-19 pandemic in the 27 EU Member States. This 
proportion is the highest among respondents in Sweden and the 
Netherlands (90% in both), and Denmark (89%). 

Over  one  tenth  say  that  their  consumption  of  frozen  raw  fish 
‘increased’ in Portugal (12%) and Romania (11%). 

Conversely,  consumption  ‘decreased’  for  at  least  a  tenth  of 
respondents in 17 Member States, most notably in Latvia (23%), 
substantially  ahead  of  Ireland  and  Greece  (16%  in  both)  and 
Estonia and Luxembourg (both 15%). 

Base: Respondents that eat frozen raw fish (19,975) 

54 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Unemployed  people  are  the  most  likely  to  say  that  their 
consumption of frozen raw fish ‘decreased’ as a result of the 
COVID-19  pandemic  (15%,  compared  with  8%  of  managers, 
house persons and retired people); 

  Respondents  who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of 
the time are the most likely to say their consumption of frozen 
raw fish both ‘increased’ (9%, compared with 4% of those who 
never or almost never have such difficulties) and ‘decreased’ 
(18%  compared  with  8%),  while  they  are  the  least  likely  to 
answer  it  ‘remained  about  the  same’  (70%  compared  with 
86%); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  are  the 
most  likely  to  say  their  consumption  of  frozen  raw  fish 
‘increased’  (9%,  compared  with  5%  in  the  four  other 
categories) but the least likely to answer it ‘remained about the 
same’ (78%, compared with 86% of those who see themselves 
as upper middle class). 

Moreover,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(12%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to answer that 
their consumption of frozen raw fish ‘increased’ as a result of the 
COVID-19 pandemic, particularly when compared with those who 
have bought fishery products at the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket (5%). 

QD5.3

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of ...
Frozen raw fish (% - EU)

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

5

7
5
6
5
6
4
3
6

9
7
4

5
5
5
5
9

7

6

5

10

12
2

EU27

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman
Online
Other

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

83

81
86
83
81
84
77
86
83

70
77
86

82
81
84
86
78

80

84

85

76

74
79

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

10

10
8
9
11
8
15
8
10

18
13
8

10
11
9
8
11

11

8

8

11

12
3

Base: Respondents that eat frozen raw fish (19,975) 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In  the  27  EU  Member  States,  a  majority  report  that  their 
consumption of frozen prepared or processed fish ‘remained 
about  the  same’.  Respondents  in  Sweden  (92%),  and  the 
Netherlands and Denmark (90% in both) are the most likely to do 
so. 

In 14 EU Member States one tenth report that their consumption 
of frozen prepared or processed fish ‘decreased’ as a consequence 
of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  particularly 
(24%), 
substantially  ahead  of  Luxembourg  (16%)  and  Romania  and 
Bulgaria (15% in both). 

in  Latvia 

Portugal (11%) is the only Member State where more than one in 
ten  say  their  consumption  of  frozen  prepared  or  processed  fish 
‘increased’ as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Base: Respondents that eat frozen prepared or processed fish (20,077) 

56 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.4

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of ...
Frozen prepared or processed fish (% - EU)

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Men  are  slightly  more  likely  than  women  to  say  their 
consumption of frozen prepared or processed fish ‘increased’ 
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (6% compared with 4%); 

  Unemployed  people  are  the  most  likely  to  answer  that  their 
consumption of frozen prepared or processed fish ‘decreased’ 
(13%, compared with 7% of both other white collars and house 
persons); 

  Respondents  who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of 
the  time  are  the  most  likely  to  say  their  consumption  both 
‘increased’  (12%,  compared  with  4%  of  those  who  never  or 
almost  never  have  such  difficulties)  and  ‘decreased’  (17% 
compared with 7%), while they are the least likely to answer it 
‘remained about the same’ (68% compared with 87%). 

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

In addition, respondents who prefer farmed products are slightly 
more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  wild  products  to  say  their 
consumption of frozen prepared or processed fish (12% compared 
with 8%) ‘decreased’ as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Finally,  respondents  who  have  bought  fishery  products  online 
(12%) during the last 12 months are the most likely to answer that 
their consumption of frozen prepared or processed fish ‘increased’ 
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly when compared 
with those who have bought fishery products at a fishmonger, a 
fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist store (5%) or at 
the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket (5%). 

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman

Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

84

84
85

84
85
86
83
86
76
87
84

68
79
87

82

85

86

80

78
74

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

9

9
9

9
8
7
10
7
13
8
10

17
12
7

10

8

8

10

9
5

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

5

6
4

6
6
6
5
4
6
3
5

12
7
4

6

5

5

7

12
0

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

8
12
8
Base: Respondents that eat frozen prepared or processed fish (20,077) 

84
81
86

6
6
4

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In  the  27  EU  Member  States,  a  majority  report  that  their 
consumption of products that are smoked, salted, dried or in 
brine  ‘remained  about  the  same’  as  a  result  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic. Respondents in Sweden (92%), the Netherlands (91%) 
and Denmark (89%) are the most likely to do so. 

On the other hand, in 18 EU Member States 10% or more report 
that their consumption of products that are smoked, salted, dried 
or in brine ‘decreased’, particularly in Portugal and Bulgaria (19% 
in  both),  Latvia  (18%),  Czechia  and  Greece  (both  17%),  Croatia 
(16%) and Slovenia (15%). 

Less  than  one tenth  say  their  consumption  of  products  that  are 
smoked, salted, dried or in brine ‘increased’. Respondents in Ireland 
and Lithuania (9% in both), and Portugal and Romania (both 8%) 
are most likely to do so. 

Base: Respondents that eat products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine (20,347) 

58 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents  aged  55  and  over  are  slightly  more  likely  than 
those aged 15-24 years to answer that their consumption of 
products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine ‘remained 
about the same’ (86% compared with 82%); 

  Unemployed  people  are  the  most  likely  to  report  that  their 
consumption of products that are smoked, salted, dried or in 
brine ‘decreased’ as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (17%, 
compared with 8% of both managers and retired people) but 
the  least  likely  to  say  it  ‘remained  about  the  same’  (75% 
compared with 87% of retired people); 

  Respondents  who  have  difficulties  paying  their  bills  most  of 
the time are the most likely to say their consumption of these 
products both ‘increased’ (8%, compared with 3% of those who 
never or almost never have such difficulties) and ‘decreased’ 
(19%  compared  with  8%),  while  they  are  the  least  likely  to 
report that it ‘remained about the same’ (70% compared with 
87%); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  are  the 
least  likely  to  say  their  consumption  of  products  that  are 
smoked,  salted,  dried  or  in  brine  ‘decreased’  (7%,  compared 
with 13% of those who see themselves as lower middle class). 

In addition, respondents who prefer farmed products are slightly 
more  likely  than  those  who  prefer  wild  products  to  say  their 
consumption of products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine 
(13% compared with 9%) ‘decreased’ as a result of the COVID-19 
pandemic. However, they are less likely to say it ‘remained about 
the same’ (79% compared with 85%). 

Finally, respondents who have bought fishery products online (9%) 
during the last 12 months are the most likely to answer that their 
consumption of products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine 
‘increased’  as  a  result  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  particularly 
when compared with those who have bought fishery products at 
the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket (3%). 

QD5.5

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of ...
Products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine (% - EU)

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

4

4
5
4
3

5
5
4
4
4
5
2
4

8
5
3

3
3
4
6
5

6

5

3

7

9
0

4
6
3

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in 
a market hall or a specialist store
At the grocery store, supermarket or 
hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish 
auction or from the fisherman
Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

84

82
84
83
86

82
86
84
83
84
75
87
83

70
79
87

83
82
85
85
86

82

85

86

81

82
79

85
79
86

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

10

12
10
11
9

12
8
10
11
10
17
8
12

19
14
8

11
13
9
9
7

10

9

9

10

7
16

9
13
9

Base: Respondents that eat products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine (20,347) 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In fact, this map demonstrates that respondents in Member States 
in  Northern  Europe  and  Eastern  Europe  are  generally  the  most 
likely  to  answer  that  their  consumption  of  these  products 
‘increased’,  most  notably  in  Romania,  Lithuania  and  Finland. 
However, it is also the case for respondents in Member States in 
Western Europe (for instance in Ireland, Luxembourg and Belgium) 
and in Southern Europe (as in Portugal, Italy and Malta). 

b.  Total changes in consumption of fishery and 

aquaculture products 

The  map  below  combines  the  increased  consumption  of  the  six 
types of products tested to show the increased consumption of all 
fishery and aquaculture products. 

In  17  EU  Member  States,  the  consumption  of  fishery  and 
aquaculture  products  ‘increased’  for  at  least  one  tenth  of 
respondents, with the highest proportions in Romania (20%) and 
Portugal  (19%),  slightly  ahead  of  Ireland  (16%)  and  Italy  and 
Luxembourg (15% in both). 

At the other end of the scale, just 2% of respondents in Bulgaria, 
5%  in  Spain  and  6%  in  both  France  and  Latvia  say  their 
consumption of fishery and aquaculture products ‘increased’ as a 
result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Base: Respondents that eat specific fishery and aquaculture products (22,541) 

60 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A second map, shown below, combines the decreased consumption 
of  the  six  types  of  products  tested  to  show  the  decreased 
consumption of all fishery and aquaculture products. 

In  25  EU  Member  States,  the  consumption  of  fishery  and 
aquaculture products ‘decreased’ for at least one in ten. This was 
reported  by  more  than  a  fifth  of  respondents  in  Latvia  (29%), 
ahead of Bulgaria and Romania (24% in both), Czechia (22%) and 
Estonia (21%). 

In contrast, 8% in the Netherlands, and 9% in Spain say that their 
consumption of these products ‘decreased’. 

This  map  demonstrates  that  respondents  in  Eastern and  Central 
Europe are the most likely to say their consumption of fishery and 
aquaculture  products  ‘decreased’  as  a  result  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic, most notably in Latvia, Bulgaria, Romania and Czechia. 
However,  this  was  also  reported  by  high  proportions  of 
respondents in Greece, Luxembourg and Ireland. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  respondents  in  Romania,  Czechia,  Estonia, 
Lithuania, Luxembourg and Ireland are among the most likely to 
say  their  consumption  of  fishery  and  aquaculture  products  both 
‘increased’ and ‘decreased’. 

Base: Respondents that eat specific fishery and aquaculture products (22,541) 

61 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

2. 

Reasons for changes in 
consumption of fishery and 
aquaculture products 

  Four  in  ten  respondents  answer  that  it  is  due  to  being  now 

more health conscious; 

  Over  a  third  (35%)  say  it  increased  because  they  have 

changed their diet; 

a.  Reasons  for 

increasing  consumption  of 

  Slightly  more  than  one  fifth  (21%)  mention  that  fishery 

fishery and aquaculture products 

products are now more widely available in stores; 

Being more health conscious and a changed diet 
are  by  far  the  main  reasons  why  Europeans 
increased  their  consumption  of  fishery  or 
aquaculture products 

Respondents  whose  consumption  of  fishery  or  aquaculture 
products increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic12 were 
then asked why their consumption had increased13. They were able 
to choose multiple responses from a list of six: 

Three other reasons are also cited: 

  16% say they changed where they do their food shopping;  

  14% that their financial circumstances have changed;  

  11% that fishery products are now cheaper. 

Base: Respondents who increased their consumption of FAPs as a result of COVID-19 (2,110) 

It is not possible to conduct a national analysis on this question 
because base sizes are insufficient (<150 respondents) in 26 of 
the 27 EU Member States. 

12 Respondents whose consumption of fishery or aquaculture products increased as 
a result of the COVID-19 pandemic are those who answered in previous question 
not only that their consumption of at least one of the six fishery and aquaculture 
products tested increased, but also that their consumption didn’t not decrease for 
any of these six products. 

13 QD6a. Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products increased? 
Fishery products are now cheaper; Fishery products are now more widely available in 
stores; You changed where you do your food shopping; Your financial circumstances 
have changed; You are now more health conscious; You have changed your diet; 
Other (SPONTANEOUS); None (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS 
POSSIBLE) 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

b. Reasons  for  decreasing  consumption  of

fishery and aquaculture products

Europeans  who  decreased  their  consumption  of 
fishery  or  aquaculture  products  mostly  did  so 
because  fishery  products  have  become  more 
expensive  or  because  of  a  change  in  their 
financial circumstances 

Respondents who say their consumption of fishery or aquaculture 
products decreased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic14 were 
then asked why their consumption had decreased15. They were able 
to choose multiple responses from a list of ten: 

  A  third  of  respondents  say  their  consumption  of  fishery  or 
aquaculture  products  decreased  because  fishery  products 
have become more expensive; 

  A  quarter  say 

it  decreased  because  their  financial 
circumstances  have  changed,  while  a  similar  proportion 
answer that they have replaced fishery products by other 
food products (21%); 

  Seven other reasons are cited: 

 16% have less trust in the quality and freshness of
fishery products available or have changed their
diet;

 13% now have new health concerns;
 12% changed where they do their food shopping;
 11% are now more aware of the environmental
effects of consuming fishery and aquaculture
products;

 9% say they cannot find fishery products in stores;
 5% now shop for groceries online whereas they

prefer to buy fishery products in person.

Base: Respondents who decreased their consumption of FAPs as a result of COVID-19 (2,964) 

It is not possible to conduct a national analysis on this question 
because base sizes are insufficient (<150 respondents) in 19 of 
the 27 EU Member States. 

14 Respondents whose consumption of fishery or aquaculture products decreased as 
a result of the COVID-19 pandemic are those who answered in previous question 
not only that their consumption of at least one of the six fishery and aquaculture 
products tested decreased, but also that their consumption didn’t not increase for 
any of these six products. 
15 QD6b. Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products decreased? 
Fishery products have become more expensive; You cannot find fishery products in 
stores; You have less trust in the quality and freshness of fishery products available; 

You changed where you do your food shopping; You now shop for groceries online 
whereas you prefer to buy fishery products in person; You have replaced fishery 
products by other food products; Your financial circumstances have changed; You 
are now more aware of the environmental effects of consuming fishery and 
aquaculture products; You now have new health concerns; You have changed your 
diet; Other (SPONTANEOUS); None (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. (MULTIPLE 
ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

63 

Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

c. Reasons for changing consumption of fishery

and aquaculture products

have  mainly 

Europeans 
their 
consumption  of  fishery  or  aquaculture  products 
for health or financial reasons 

changed 

Respondents  who  reported  that  their  consumption  of  fishery  or 
aquaculture  products  had  changed  as  a  result  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic16 were then asked the reasons for this change17. They 
were able to choose multiple responses from a list of nine: 

  Slightly  more  than  a  third  of  respondents  (34%)  say  their 
consumption  of  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  changed 
because they are now more health conscious; 

  Over a quarter say it changed because some fishery products 
have become more expensive (28%) or because they have 
changed their diet (27%); 

  24%  answer  that  their  financial  circumstances  have 

changed; 

  Nearly one fifth (19%) say they changed where they do their 
food  shopping  or  they  are  now  more  aware  of  the 
environmental effects of consuming certain fishery and 
aquaculture products; 

  16% say they have less trust in the quality and freshness 

of certain fishery products available; 

  15%  say  they  cannot  find  certain  fishery  products  in 

stores (15%); 

  Finally,  7%  now  shop  for  groceries  online  whereas  they 

prefer to buy fishery products in person. 

Base: Respondents who changed their consumption of FAPs as a result of COVID-19 (1,946) 

It is not possible to conduct a national analysis on this question 
because base sizes are insufficient (<150 respondents) in 24 of 
the 27 EU Member States. 

16 Respondents whose consumption of fishery or aquaculture products changed as a 
result of the COVID-19 pandemic are those who answered in previous question that 
their consumption of at least one of the six fishery and aquaculture products tested 
increased, while their consumption of at least one other product decreased. 
17 QD6c. Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products changed? 
Some fishery products have become more expensive; You cannot find certain fishery 
products in stores; You have less trust in the quality and freshness of certain fishery 

products available; You changed where you do your food shopping; You now shop 
for groceries online whereas you prefer to buy certain fishery products in person; 
Your financial circumstances have changed; You are now more aware of the 
environmental effects of consuming certain fishery and aquaculture products; You 
are now more health conscious; You have changed your diet; Other (SPONTANEOUS); 
None (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

64 

III. PREFERENCES REGARDING FISHERY
AND AQUCULTURE PRODUCTS

65 

Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

  Over  half  of  respondents  answer  that  the  product’s 
appearance  (e.g.  freshness,  presentation)  (58%,  -1 
percentage  point  since  2018)  is  among  the  most  important 
factors,  slightly  ahead  of  the  cost  of  the  product  (54%, 
+2 pp.); 

  Close to half of respondents (49%, +8 pp.) mention the origin 

of the product; 

  Around  a  quarter  of  respondents  believe  that  the  brand  or 
quality labels (e.g. PGI, PDO) (26%, +3 pp.) and how easy 
and  quick  it  is  to  prepare  (24%,  +1  pp.)  are  important 
aspects; 

  Finally, more than one in ten respondents (16%, -1 pp.) consider 
the environmental, social or ethical impact important. 

This  chapter  investigates  what  respondents  think  are  the  most 
important aspects when buying fishery and aquaculture products, 
as well as their preferences regarding wild or farmed products. It 
also  explores  respondents’  reasons  for  not  eating  fishery  and 
aquaculture products. 

1.  Most 

important  aspects  when 
buying  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products 

Appearance  and  cost  remain  the  most  important 
aspects  for  Europeans  when  buying  fishery  and 
aquaculture  products,  ahead  of  product  origin, 
which has gained the most ground since 2018 

Respondents  who  buy  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at  least 
several  times  a  year  were  asked  which  aspects  are  the  most 
important for them when shopping18. They were able to choose up 
to three reasons from a list of six: 

Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

18 QD8. When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following 
aspects are the most important for you? How easy and quick it is to prepare; The 
origin of the product; The product’s appearance (e.g. freshness, presentation); The 

cost of the product; The brand or quality labels (e.g. PGI, PDO); The environmental, 
social or ethical impact; Other (SPONTANEOUS); None (SPONTANEOUS; Don’t Know. 
(MAX. 3 ANSWERS) 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A  national  analysis  reveals  that,  in  15  EU  Member  States, 
respondents place the product’s appearance (e.g. freshness, 
presentation) in first position among the most important aspects 
when  they  buy  fishery  and  aquaculture  products.  More  than  a 
quarter of respondents do so in Estonia and Malta (78% in both) 
and Portugal and Cyprus (77% in both). Meanwhile, less than half 
of  respondents  mention  this  item  in  Sweden  (35%),  a  long  way 
behind  Germany  and  Hungary (46%  in  both),  Finland  (48%)  and 
Slovakia (49%). 

In  seven Member  States,  the  cost  of  the  product  is  the  most 
mentioned  aspect:  Latvia  (73%),  Bulgaria  (69%),  Hungary  and 
Slovakia (66% in both), Croatia (64%), Belgium (60%) and Poland 
(59%).  This  is  also  mentioned  in  Estonia  (71%),  Greece  (68%), 
Lithuania (66%), Spain (63%) and Portugal (60%), while a minority 
do  so  in  Luxembourg  (39%),  Germany  (40%),  Romania,  Sweden 
and Austria (46% in all three), and Denmark (49%). 

In five EU Member States, respondents place the  origin  of  the 
product in first position. This is the case in Finland (62%), France 
(60%), Luxembourg (57%), Sweden (54%) and Germany (53%). A 
majority  also  mention  this aspect  in  Greece  (67%),  substantially 

ahead of Italy and Slovenia (55% in both), Portugal (54%), Croatia 
(53%),  Cyprus  (52%)  and  Austria  (51%).  Conversely,  it  is 
considered  least  important  in  Denmark  (29%),  Malta  (30%)  and 
Lithuania (32%). 

None  of  the  three  other  items is  ranked  in  first  place  in any  EU 
Member State. However: 

  The brand or quality labels (e.g. PGI, PDO) is mentioned in 
Sweden (53%), Germany (46%) and Austria (40%), while least 
so in Latvia and Lithuania (7% in both), and Estonia (10%); 

  How  easy  and  quick  it  is  to  prepare  obtains  its  highest 
scores in Ireland, Finland and Malta (36% in all three), and its 
lowest  in  Greece  (11%),  Cyprus  (13%),  and  Portugal  and 
Sweden (15% in both); 

  The  environmental,  social  or  ethical  impact  is  cited  in 
Sweden  (33%),  Luxembourg  (32%)  and 
Ireland  (30%), 
compared with 5% in Latvia, 6% in Bulgaria, and 7% in both 
Hungary and Lithuania. 

67 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD8

When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following aspects are the most 
important for you? (MAX. 3 ANSWERS) (%)

,
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EU27

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2nd MOST FREQUENTLY 
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Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In terms of evolutions since 2018, all six aspects have registered 
national evolutions of at least ten percentage points: 

  The  proportion  of  respondents  who  mention  the  product’s 
appearance  (e.g.  freshness, presentation)  as  one  of  the 
most  important  aspects  has  decreased  in  17  EU  Member 
States, most notably in Finland (48%, -17 percentage points 
since 2018), Hungary (46%, -14 pp.) and Luxembourg (53%, 
 -12 pp.). However, it has increased in seven Member States, 
particularly in Ireland (58%, +10 pp.); 

  The share of respondents citing the cost of the product has 
risen  in  15  EU  Member  States,  particularly  in  Malta  (58%,  
+15  pp.),  France  (59%,  +10  pp.)  and  Luxembourg  (39%,  
+10 pp.). Conversely, it has fallen in 11 Member States, with 
the largest decrease in Czechia (52%, -12 pp.); 

  The  origin  of  the  product  has  gained  ground  in  21  EU 
Member  States,  and  by  two  digits  in  nine  of  them,  most 
dramatically  in  Luxembourg  (57%,  +18  pp.),  Czechia  (43%, 
+15 pp.) and Portugal (54%, +14 pp.). It has lost ground slightly 
in six Member States; 

  In  13  Member  States,  respondents  are  now  less  likely  to 
consider that the brand or quality labels (e.g. PGI, PDO) is 
important, with the largest decrease observed in Ireland (15%, 
-10  pp.).  Meanwhile,  respondents  are  more  likely  to  cite  this 
aspect  in  11  Member  States,  particularly  in  Cyprus  (22%,  
+11 pp.); 

  The  proportion  of  respondents  who  mention  how  easy  and 
quick it is to prepare has increased in 21 EU Member States, 
most  notably  in  Lithuania  (32%,  +12  pp).  Conversely,  it  has 
decreased in six Member States, particularly in Czechia (26%, 
-8 pp.); 

  In 17 EU Member States, respondents are now more likely to 
consider the environmental, social or ethical impact. This 
is  particularly  the  case  in  Portugal  (20%,  +15  pp.),  Ireland 
(30%,  +14  pp.)  and  Luxembourg  (32%,  +10  pp.).  However, 
respondents are less likely to do so in seven Member States, 
most notably in Sweden (33%, -14 pp.). 

69 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD8

When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following aspects are the most important for you? (MAX. 3 ANSWERS)
(%)

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EU27

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Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents aged 55 and over are more likely than those aged 
15-24  years  to  say  the  product’s  appearance  (62% 
compared  with  49%)  and  the  origin  of  the  product  (49% 
compared  with  43%)  are  important  aspects  in  their  choice 
when  buying  fishery  and  aquaculture  products.  Conversely, 
they  are  less  likely  to  cite  the  cost  of  the  product  (53% 
compared  with  58%)  and  the  environmental,  social  or 
ethical impact (22% compared with 14%); 

  Respondents who continued education up to 20 years old or 
beyond are more likely than those who finished education aged 
15  or  earlier  to  mention  the  origin  of  the  product  (54% 
compared  with  42%),  the  brand  or  quality  labels  (30% 
compared  with  18%)  and  the  environmental,  social  or 
ethical impact (21% compared with 6%), but they are less 
likely to cite the product’s appearance (58% compared with 
66%)  and  the  cost  of  the  product  (48%  compared  with 
63%); 

  House  persons  are  the  most  likely  to  cite  the  product’s 
appearance (66%, compared with 49% of students), and the 
least likely to cite the origin of the product (40%, compared 
with 56% of self-employed people) and the environmental, 
social  or  ethical  impact  (10%,  compared  with  25%  of 
students). Unemployed people are the most likely to mention 
the  cost  of  the  product  (64%,  compared  with  45%  of 
managers), but the least likely to cite the brand or quality 
labels (18%, compared with 34% of managers); 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying their bills are more likely to mention five aspects, most 
notably  the  brand  or  quality  label  (28%,  compared  with 
18%  of  those  who  have  such  difficulties  most  of  the  time). 
Conversely, they are the least likely to cite the  cost  of  the 
product (51% compared with 66%); 

  Europeans  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  are  more 
likely than those who say they belong to the working class to 
cite the  origin  of  the  product (61% compared with 40%), 
the brand or quality labels (28% compared with 16%) and 
the  environmental,  social  or  ethical  impact  (20% 
compared  with  8%).  However,  they  are  far  less  likely  to 
mention the cost of the product (38% compared with 66%). 

In addition, respondents who prefer wild products are more likely 
than those who prefer farmed products to mention the product’s 
appearance (62% compared with 50%) and the origin of the 
product  (62%  compared  with  48%) as  important aspects when 
buying  fishery  and  aquaculture  products.  However,  they  are 
slightly less likely to cite how easy and quick it is to prepare 
(18% compared with 23%). 

Moreover, respondents who buy these products at a fishmonger, a 
fishmonger’s  stall  in  a  market  hall  or  a  specialist  store  are  the 
most  likely  to  mention  the  product’s  appearance  as  an 
important  aspect  (66%,  compared  with  46%  of  those  who  buy 
them online). 

71 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD8

When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following aspects are the most important for you? (MAX. 3
ANSWERS)
(% - EU)

o
t

s
i

t
i

k
c
i
u
q
d
n
a

y
s
a
e
w
o
H

e
r
a
p
e
r
p

24

25
25
24
24

23
26
23
25

22
24
25
25
25
24
24
25

22
26
24

26
26
24
22
26

23

21

26

19

25
20

18
23
27

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

i

f
o
n
g
i
r
o
e
h
T

49

43
50
49
49

42
46
54
46

56
54
48
46
40
44
50
46

44
46
50

40
43
53
55
61

52

55

48

61

48
44

62
48
40

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference in terms of place of purchase

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in a market 
hall or a specialist store

At the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket
At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/ fish auction or 
from the fisherman
Online
Other

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

.

.

g
e
(
e
c
n
a
r
a
e
p
p
a

s
’
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
T

)
n
o
i
t
a
t
n
e
s
e
r
p

,
s
s
e
n
h
s
e
r
f

58

49
55
58
62

66
58
58
49

60
55
61
54
66
57
62
49

54
57
59

60
56
58
55
57

62

66

59

59

46
57

62
50
53

.

.

g
e
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
o
t
s
o
c
e
h
T

54

58
56
53
53

63
57
48
57

47
45
53
58
62
64
54
57

66
61
51

66
61
51
35
38

53

51

57

43

40
42

49
50
57

)

O
D
P

,
I

G
P

s
l
e
b
a

l

y
t
i
l

a
u
q
r
o
d
n
a
r
b
e
h
T

26

29
26
26
25

18
24
30
30

25
34
25
24
22
18
26
30

18
21
28

16
23
29
38
28

28

27

27

30

29
21

28
30
22

r
o

l

a
i
c
o
s

,
l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
c
i
h
t
e

16

22
17
17
14

6
13
21
25

17
22
16
15
10
13
13
25

11
13
18

8
15
17
26
20

19

17

16

23

22
3

20
21
13

Base: Respondents who buy FAPs at least several times a year (21,179) 

72 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

2. 

Preferences regarding wild or 
farmed products 

Around  three  in  ten  respondents  prefer  wild 
products or have no preference regarding wild or 
farmed products 

Respondents  who  had  previously  answered  that  they  eat  and/or 
buy fishery and aquaculture products at least several times a year 
were asked to indicate their preferences between wild and farmed 
products19: 

  Close  to  a  third  of  respondents  (32%,  -3  percentage  points 

since 2018) say that they prefer wild products; 

  A similar proportion (30%, -2 pp.) have no preference; 

  More than one tenth say that it depends on the type of product 
(16%, +4 pp.) or that they do not know if the products they buy 
or eat are wild or farmed (15%, +4 pp.); 

  Finally, 7%(-2 pp.) prefer farmed products. 

Since  2018,  results  have  been  relatively  stable,  with  the  largest 
evolutions registered for the share of respondents saying that it 
depends  on  the  product  type,  or  that  they  do  not  know  if  the 
products  they  buy  are  wild  or  farmed  (+4  percentage  points  for 
both items). At the same time, specific preference for either wild 
or farmed products has slightly decreased (-2 pp. for both).  

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

19 QD7. Fishery and aquaculture products can be wild or farmed. Would you say 
that… You prefer wild products; You prefer farmed products; You have no preference; 

You do not know if the products you buy or eat are wild or farmed; It depends on the 
type of product; Don’t know. 

73 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A  national  analysis  reveals  that,  in  14  EU  Member  States, 
respondents are more likely to say they prefer wild products, with 
the  highest  levels  in  Greece  (53%),  Cyprus  (52%)  and  Portugal 
(48%), and the lowest in Bulgaria and Slovakia (20% in both), and 
Czechia (21%). 

In ten Member States, respondents are most likely to answer that 
they  have  no  preference.  This  is  the  case  in  Slovakia  (41%), 
Bulgaria (39%), Finland (37%), Poland and Romania (36% in both), 
the  Netherlands  (35%),  Slovenia  (34%),  Hungary  (32%),  Estonia 
(31%) and Austria (29%). At least three in ten also state this in 
Cyprus (36%), Spain (35%) and Germany and France (30% in both), 
while it is least mentioned in Portugal (14%), Czechia (18%) and 
Luxembourg (19%). 

Respondents  are  most  likely  to  say  they  do  not  know  if  the 
products  they  buy  or  eat  are  wild  or  farmed  in  three  EU 
Member States: Czechia (35%), Belgium (29%) and Latvia (28%). 
It is also mentioned in Denmark and Estonia (25% in both), while 
least so in Cyprus (4%) and Greece (6%). 

Over one fifth answer that it depends on the type of product 
in Italy (24%), Sweden (22%) and Belgium (21%). In Cyprus (5%), 
Romania (7%) and Spain (8%) it is least mentioned. 

Finally,  preference  for  farmed  products  is  most  likely  in 
Hungary  (14%),  Austria  (13%)  and  Poland  (12%)  while  just  2% 
prefer this in Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Cyprus. 

QD7

Fishery and aquaculture products can be wild or farmed. Would you 
say that…
(%)

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d

l
i

w

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

32
23
20
21
31
31
27
36
53
37
40
34
32
52
25
28
38
23
46
22
22
22
48
22
31
20
31
32

e
c
n
e
r
e
f
e
r
p
o
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

30
22
39
18
26
30
31
25
22
35
30
25
25
36
23
27
19
32
25
35
29
36
14
36
34
41
37
28

EU27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

Highest percentage per country
Highest percentage per item

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
f
o
e
p
y
t
e
h
t
n
o
s
d
n
e
p
e
d
t
I

u
o
y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
i

w
o
n
k
t
o
n
o
d
u
o
Y

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w
e
r
a
t
a
e

r
o
y
u
b

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d
e
m
r
a
f

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

7
5
4
6
2
8
2
4
4
4
6
10
7
2
4
9
5
14
4
11
13
12
6

16
21
14
20
16
17
15
18
15
8
12
17
24
5
20
15
18
15
11
16
15
14
20
7

15
29
22
35
25
14
25
17
6
15
12
14
12
4
28
21
19
15
14
16
20
15
12
24
14
20
15
14

0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
14
0
14
0
15
0
0
22
Lowest percentage per country
Lowest percentage per item

10
7
5
2
4

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

  In 21 Member States, respondents are now considerably more 
likely not to know if the products they buy or eat are wild 
or  farmed,  most  notably  in  Romania  (24%,  +16  pp.),  and 
Belgium (29%, +13 pp.). However, respondents are less likely 
to  state  this  in  five  Member  States,  particularly  in  Portugal 
(12%, -8 pp.);  

  Finally,  the  proportion  of  respondents  who  prefer  farmed 
products has decreased in 22 EU Member States, most notably 
in  Belgium  (5%,  -6  pp.).  It  has  increased  slightly  in  three  EU 
Member States, including Austria (13%, +2 pp.). 

Four  of  the  five  items  have  registered  national  evolutions  of  at 
least ten percentage points since 2018: 

  The  proportion  of  respondents  who  say  they  prefer  wild 
products has decreased in 22 EU Member States, most notably 
in  Latvia  (25%, -18  percentage  points  since  2018),  Denmark 
(31%,  -17  pp.),  and  Malta  (46%,  -16  pp.).  In  contrast,  it  has 
increased slightly in three EU Member States. 

  The share of respondents who have no preference has fallen 
in 13 Member States, particularly in Belgium (22%, -13 pp.) and 
Ireland (25%, -11 pp.). Conversely, it has risen in 12 Member 
States, most notably in Cyprus (36%, +15 pp.) and Latvia (23%, 
+11 pp.); 

  The  opinion  that  it  depends  on  the  type  of  product  has 
gained  ground  in  19  Member  States,  most  dramatically  in 
Belgium (21%, +13 pp.) and Ireland (18%, +11 pp.). It has lost 
ground in seven Member States, particularly in Cyprus (5%, -13 
pp.); 

QD7

Fishery and aquaculture products can be wild or farmed. Would you say that…
(%)

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

3

7
2
2
17
1
6
7
9
1
10
3
1
2
18
4
1
2
16
7
6
=
=
5
5
1
7
2

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d

l
i

w

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

32

23
20
21
31
31
27
36
53
37
40
34
32
52
25
28
38
23
46
22
22
22
48
22
31
20
31
32

e
c
n
e
r
e
f
e
r
p
o
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

30

22
39
18
26
30
31
25
22
35
30
25
25
36
23
27
19
32
25
35
29
36
14
36
34
41
37
28

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

13
8
4
=
4
7
11
3
1
8
3
2
15
11
9
6
1
5
5
5
=
1
9
4
3
5
4

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
f
o
e
p
y
t
e
h
t
n
o
s
d
n
e
p
e
d
t
I

16

21
14
20
16
17
15
18
15
8
12
17
24
5
20
15
18
15
11
16
15
14
20
7
14
14
15
22

r
o
y
u
b
u
o
y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
i

w
o
n
k
t
o
n
o
d
u
o
Y

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w
e
r
a
t
a
e

15

29
22
35
25
14
25
17
6
15
12
14
12
4
28
21
19
15
14
16
20
15
12
24
14
20
15
14

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

4

13
1
1
12
1
11
10
2
5
1
3
2
1
12
9
8
1
11
2
3
9
8
16
7
=
6
3

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

4

13
5
2
8
9
3
11
6
1
6
8
3
13
=
5
3
1
3
3
3
6
8
1
4
2
1
2

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

6
1
=
1
3
1
3
2
3
2
5
1
4
3
1
5
=
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
4
5

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d
e
m
r
a
f

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

7

5
4
6
2
8
2
4
4
4
6
10
7
2
4
9
5
14
4
11
13
12
6
10
7
5
2
4

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

0

0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents aged 55 and over are more likely than those aged 
15-24  years  to  prefer  wild  products  (35%  compared  with 
22%), but less likely to have no preference (28% compared 
with 37%); 

  Self-employed people are the most likely to answer they prefer 
wild products (40% compared with 22% of students) and the 
least likely to have no preference (25% compared with 35%) 
or not to know if the products they buy or eat are wild 
or farmed (13% compared with 18%); 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying their bills are the most likely to have no preference 
(31%, compared with 26% of those who have such difficulties 
most of the time); 

  Respondents  who  consider  themselves  upper  class  are  more 
likely than those who see themselves as lower middle class to 
prefer  wild  products  (42%  compared  with  29%),  but  less 
likely to have no preference (23% compared with 32%). 

In addition, respondents who eat fishery or aquaculture products 
at least once a week are more likely to have a preference for wild 
products  (39%,  compared  with  20%  of  those  eating  these 
products  less  than  once  a  year)  and  less  likely  to  have  no 
preference  (27%  compared  with  35%)  or  to  answer  that  it 
depends on the type of product (14% compared with 22%). 

Finally, respondents who buy fishery products at a fish farm, at the 
fish  harbour  /  fish  auction  or  from  the  fisherman  are  the  most 
likely to prefer wild products (42%, compared with 27% of those 
buying online), but the least likely to have no preference (23% 
compared with 31%) or not to know if the products they buy 
or eat are wild or farmed (10%, compared with 16% of those 
who  buy  these  products  at  the  grocery  store,  supermarket  or 
hypermarket). 

76 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD7

Fishery and aquaculture products can be wild or farmed. Would you say
that…  
(% - EU)

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d

l
i

w

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

32

22
29
33
35

40
34
30
28
27
36
35
22

35
30
32

31
29
32
36
42

39

30

21

20
26
37

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Frequency of eating of FAPs

At least once a week
At least once a month but 
less than once a week
Several times a year but less 
than once a month
Less than once a year
Never
At least once a month

Preference in terms of place of purchase
35

At a street market
At a fishmonger, a 
fishmonger’s stall in a 
market hall or a specialist 

At the grocery store, 
supermarket or hypermarket

At a fish farm or at the fish 
harbour/ fish auction or from 
the fisherman
Online
Other

37

31

42

27
38

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

7

7
8
7
7

6
8
8
8
7
5
6
8

7
7
7

6
8
7
6
4

7

7

7

8
8
8

8

7

7

11

11
0

e
c
n
e
r
e
f
e
r
p
o
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

30

37
31
30
28

25
26
30
33
33
30
29
35

26
29
31

32
32
29
25
23

27

31

35

35
14
27

29

26

30

23

31
24

e
h
t

f
i

w
o
n
k
t
o
n
o
d
u
o
Y

t
a
e

r
o
y
u
b
u
o
y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w
e
r
a

f
o
e
p
y
t
e
h
t
n
o
s
d
n
e
p
e
d
t
I

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

15

19
16
14
15

13
15
15
16
16
14
15
18

17
16
15

17
15
15
15
16

13

16

18

14
10
13

12

13

16

10

15
14

16

14
16
16
15

16
17
17
15
17
15
15
16

15
18
15

14
16
16
18
15

14

16

18

22
31
15

16

17

16

14

16
19

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

77 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

3. 

Reasons for not eating fishery and 
aquaculture products 

For those who never or almost never eat fishery or 
aquaculture products, the main reason is that they 
dislike  the  taste,  smell  or  appearance  of  these 
products. 

Respondents  who  had  previously  answered  that  they  never  eat 
fishery  or  aquaculture  products,  or  do  so  less  than  once  a  year, 
whether  at  home  or  at  restaurants  and  other  food  outlets,  were 
then  asked  their  main  reasons  for  never  or  almost  never  eating 
these products20. They were able to choose multiple answers in a 
list of nine reasons: 

  Four in ten respondents (-9 percentage points since 2018) say 
they do not like the taste, the smell or the appearance 
of these products, far ahead of any other reason; 

  Over one fifth answer that fishery or aquaculture products 
are too expensive (24%, +8 pp.) or that they are not used 
to these products (22%, +6 pp.); 

  Respondents also state that they are vegetarian or vegan 
(15%,  -1  pp.),  because  of  health  concerns  (for  example 
allergies or contamination by metals) (11%, -1 pp.) or that they 
have environmental concerns and think it is better not 
to eat these products (10%, +5 pp.) as reasons; 

  9% mention the fact that these products are too difficult 
to  prepare  or  eat  (for  example  removing  bones  or  shell)  
(+3 pp.) or that fish deteriorate quickly (9%, +2 pp.); 

  Finally,  5%  (+2  pp.)  answer  that  there  is  no  or  very  little 
(-2  pp.) 
availability 
spontaneously  mention  another  reason  or  none  of  these 
reasons for not eating fishery and aquaculture products. 

in  their  area,  while  only  2% 

Base: Respondents who never or almost never eat FAPs (3,933) 

It is not possible to conduct a national analysis on this question 
because base sizes are insufficient (<150 respondents) in 18 of 
the 27 EU Member States. 

20 QD2. Which of the following are the main reasons why you never or almost never 
eat fishery or aquaculture products? You do not like the taste, the smell or the 
appearance of these products; They are too difficult to prepare or eat (for example 
removing bones or shell); They are too expensive; Because of health concerns (for 
example allergies or contamination by metals); You are not used to these products; 

You have environmental concerns and think it is better not to eat these products; 
You are vegetarian or vegan; There is no or very little availability in your area; Fish 
deteriorate quickly; Other (SPONTANEOUS); None (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. 
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IV.  INFORMATION ON FISHERY AND 
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS 

79 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Rules  on  consumer  information  changed  on  13  December  2014. 
Some specific information must accompany fresh, frozen, smoked, 
salted, dried products or products in brine. This includes information 
on the name and species of the product, the best before or use by 
date,  and  the  fishing  gear  used  to  catch  the  fish.  On  top  of  this 
mandatory information, products can bear voluntary information, 
such  as  the  date  of  catch  and  the  port  of  landing  of  the  fishery 
product. 

This section firstly explores the importance that respondents place 
on the various items of information. It also considers their interest 
in voluntary information. 

1. 

Relevance of mandatory 
information 

a. 

Information  on  labels  of  fresh,  frozen, 
smoked and dried products 

More than two-thirds of respondents consider that 
the  “use  by”  or  “best  before”  date  should  be 
mentioned  on  the  label  of  fresh,  frozen,  smoked 
and dried fishery products 

Respondents who had previously reported that they eat and/or buy 
fishery and aquaculture products at least several times a year were 
asked  what  information  they  think  should  be  mentioned  on  the 
label of fresh, frozen, smoked and dried fishery products 21. They 
were able to choose multiple answers from a list of seven: 

  69% mention the “use by” or “best before” date, far ahead 

of any other information; 

  A  majority  also  say  the  name  of  the  product  and  the 
species (57%) or whether it is a wild or farmed product 
(54%)  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  of  fresh,  frozen, 
smoked and dried fishery products; 

  The area of catch or production, or whether the product 
was previously frozen is mentioned by49% in both cases; 

  Nearly a third (31%) consider that the environmental impact 

should be mentioned; 

  Finally,  24%  mention  the  fishing  gear  (e.g.  longlines, 

trawls) used to catch the product. 

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

21 QD9. Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the 
label of fresh, frozen, smoked and dried fishery products? The name of the product 
and the species; Whether it is a wild or farmed product; The area of catch or 
production; The fishing gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) used to catch the product; 

Whether the product was previously frozen; The “use by” or “best before” date; The 
environmental impact; Other (SPONTANEOUS); None (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. 
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A national analysis shows that in 25 Member States the “use 
by”  or  “best  before”  date  is  considered  the  most  important 
information to be mentioned on the label of fresh, frozen, smoked 
and dried fishery products. The highest proportions are in Estonia 
(89%), the Netherlands (86%) and Finland (85%). At the other end 
of the scale, 57% cite this in France and Poland , while 59% do so 
and Italy. 

Whether it is a wild or farmed product is most mentioned in 
two EU Member States: Luxembourg (73%) and France (61%). It is 
also  considerably  stated  in  Ireland  (75%),  Sweden  (73%)  and 
Portugal (71%), compared with less than a third in Bulgaria (22%), 
Romania (30%) and Poland (31%). 

None of the five other types of information ranks in first place in 
any EU Member State. 

At least half cite the area of catch or production in 16 Member 
States. Respondents in Greece (72%), Sweden (69%) and Finland 
(67%)  are  the  most  likely  to  give  this  answer.  Those  in Bulgaria 
(26%), and Romania and Malta (31% in both) are least likely to do 
so. 

In 17 EU Member States, more than half say that whether the 
product was previously frozen should be mentioned, with the 
highest  proportions  in  Ireland  (62%),  Luxembourg  (60%)  and 
Finland (58%), and the lowest in Hungary (30%), Austria (36%) and 
Romania (37%). 

Slightly more than half of respondents cite the  environmental 
impact  in  Sweden  (51%),  ahead  of  Portugal  (47%)  and  Ireland, 
Belgium and Luxembourg (44% in all three). In contrast, 9% do so 
in Bulgaria, 11% in Latvia and 14% in Croatia. 

However, in 24 EU Member States, a majority mention the name 
of the product and the species. Respondents in the Netherlands 
(76%),  Czechia  (70%)  and  Estonia  (66%)  are  the  most  likely  to 
share this opinion, particularly compared with those in Italy, Croatia 
and Lithuania (46% in all three). 

Finally, the fishing gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) used to catch 
the  product  is  mentioned  in  Sweden  (39%),  Germany  (35%), 
Luxembourg  (33%)  and  Austria  (31%),  while  in  Bulgaria  (4%), 
Latvia (5%), Slovakia (7%) and Croatia and Estonia (8% in both) it 
is selected least. 

81 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD9

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of fresh, frozen, smoked 
and dried fishery products?  (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

s
e
i
c
e
p
s
e
h
t
d
n
a
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
o
e
m
a
n
e
h
T

57
59
58
70
59
64
66
62
62
50
57
46
46
57
53
46
56
61
64
76
62
54
52
50
51
57
65
60

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w
a

s
i

t
i

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

53
62
22
62
65
59
60
75
68
43
61
45
52
65
46
56
73
35
52
68
48
31
71
30
53
39
57
73

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
a
e
r
a
e
h
T

49
54
26
57
50
55
58
59
72
41
50
44
50
44
42
49
66
39
31
50
50
36
63
31
58
40
67
69

EU27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

Highest percentage per country
Highest percentage per item

d
e
s
u
)
s
l
w
a
r
t

,
s
e
n

i
l

g
n
o

l

.

.

g
e
(

i

r
a
e
g
g
n
h
s
i
f
e
h
T

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
h
c
t
a
c
o
t

24
21
4

24
27
35
8
29
22
24
28
8
23
11
5
10
33
14
10
23
31
15
24
14
10
7
22
39

n
e
z
o
r
f

y
l
s
u
o
i
v
e
r
p
s
a
w

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

49
57
42
51
54
38
57
62
57
54
54
48
57
54
52
52
60
30
44
46
36
43
56
37
53
38
58
51

e
t
a
d
”
e
r
o
f
e
b
t
s
e
b
“

r
o
”
y
b
e
s
u
“
e
h
T

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

36
35

31
44
9
21

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
69
0
79
0
80
0
84
0
80
0
75
0
89
0
81
0
78
0
72
57
2
0
73
0
59
0
78
0
81
0
75
67
0
0
65
1
77
0
86
0
73
1
57
0
79
0
66
1
72
2
71
0
85
0
79
Lowest percentage per country
Lowest percentage per item

16
44
24
34
37
14
26
25
11
15
44
16
22
42
34
19
47
17
21
19
30
51

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying  their  bills  are  more  likely  than  those  who  have  such 
difficulties most of the time to mention the “use by” or “best 
before”  date  (72%  compared  with  63%),  whether  it  is  a 
wild or farmed product (55% compared with 48%) and the 
area of catch or production (51% compared with 44%); 

  Europeans who consider themselves upper middle class are the 
most  likely  to  cite  six  of  these  types  of  information.  This  is 
particularly true for whether it is a wild or farmed product 
(66%,  compared  with  44%  of  those  who  see  themselves  as 
working class). However, respondents who see themselves as 
upper  class  are  the  most  likely  to  mention  whether  the 
product was previously frozen (53%, compared with 45% 
of those who consider themselves lower middle class). 

In addition, respondents who prefer wild fishery and aquaculture 
products are more likely than those who prefer farmed products to 
say that these seven types of information should be mentioned on 
the label of fresh, frozen, smoked and dried fishery products. For 
instance, they are much more likely to mention whether  it  is a 
wild or farmed product (73% compared with 53%). 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Women  (51%)  are  more  likely  than  men  (46%)  to  say  that 
whether  the  product  was  previously  frozen  should  be 
mentioned  on  the  label  of  fresh,  frozen,  smoked  and  dried 
fishery products; 

  Respondents aged 15-24 years are more likely than those aged 
55  and  over  to  mention  the  environmental  impact  (42% 
compared with 25%) and the fishing gear used to catch the 
product (27% compared with 22%), but they are less likely to 
cite  whether  the  product  was  previously  frozen  (43% 
compared with 49%); 

  Respondents  who  continued  education  up  to  20  years  old  or 
beyond  are  the  most  likely  to  mention  all  seven  types  of 
information,  particularly  whether  it  is  a  wild  or  farmed 
product (61%, compared with 41% among those who finished 
education aged 15 or earlier) and the environmental impact 
(37% compared with 20%); 

  Students are the most likely to cite the name of the product 
and  the  species  (64%,  compared  with  52%  of  unemployed 
people) and the environmental impact (46% compared with 
23% of house persons), but the least likely to mention whether 
the  product  was  previously  frozen  (43%,  compared  with 
52% of self-employed people, managers and house persons). 
Moreover, managers are the most likely to answer whether it 
is a wild or farmed product (64%, compared with 42% of 
house  persons),  the  area  of  catch  or  production  (59% 
compared with 39%) and the fishing gear used to catch the 
product (31% compared with 18%); 

83 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD9

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of fresh, frozen, smoked and dried
fishery products?  (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(% - EU)

e
h
t
d
n
a
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
o
e
m
a
n
e
h
T

s
e
i
c
e
p
s

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w
a

s
i

t
i

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

57

57
57

60
58
56
56

53
54
60
64

56
60
57
53
55
52
57
64

56
52
59

57
54
56
65
62

57
51
55

53

54
52

52
54
53
52

41
48
61
57

59
64
54
46
42
51
50
57

48
47
55

44
49
55
66
62

73
53
35

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
a
e
r
a
e
h
T

49

50
49

46
50
51
49

41
45
56
50

55
59
51
44
39
43
49
50

44
45
51

43
46
51
61
59

60
46
42

EU27

Gender

Man
Woman

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

,
s
e
n

i
l

g
n
o

l

.

.

g
e
(

i

r
a
e
g
g
n
h
s
i
f
e
h
T

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
h
c
t
a
c
o
t
d
e
s
u
)
s
l
w
a
r
t

s
a
w

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

n
e
z
o
r
f

y
l
s
u
o
i
v
e
r
p

24

25
23

27
25
26
22

18
20
29
29

28
31
24
22
18
21
22
29

26
21
25

22
21
24
36
27

32
25
18

49

46
51

43
49
50
49

44
47
53
43

52
52
50
47
52
48
48
43

51
48
48

48
45
50
48
53

53
46
42

e
t
a
d
”
e
r
o
f
e
b
t
s
e
b
“

r
o
”
y
b
e
s
u
“
e
h
T

69

68
71

69
67
69
71

70
67
71
71

67
71
67
67
71
71
71
71

63
64
72

71
67
69
75
68

69
64
68

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

31

31
31

42
35
32
25

20
26
37
46

30
40
31
28
23
30
24
46

32
27
32

25
30
32
42
29

36
33
27

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

0

0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0

0
1

1
1
0
0

1
0
0
1

1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1

1
1
0

1
1
0
0
0

0
0
1

1

1
1

2
1
0
1

1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1

1
1
1
0
1

0
0
1

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

84 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

b. 

Information  that  should  be  on  tinned  or 
prepared products 

Two-thirds of respondents think that the species 
contained in the product should be mentioned on 
the label of tinned or prepared products, ahead of 
any other information 

Respondents who eat and/or buy fishery and aquaculture products 
at  least  several  times  a  year  were  asked  what  information  they 
think  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  of  tinned  or  prepared 
products  22 They were able to choose multiple answers from a list 
of six items: 

  Two-thirds  of  respondents  (+1  percentage  point  since  2018) 
cite the species that the product contains, far ahead of any 
other information; 

  More than half answer whether the product used is wild or 
farmed (54%, +1 pp.) and the area of catch or production23 
(52%, -16 pp.) as labels; 

  46% mention where the plant that processed the product 

is located (+8 pp.); 

  More  than  a  third  (37%)  believe  that  the  environmental 
impact should be mentioned on the label of these products; 

  Finally,  a  quarter  cite  the  fishing  gear  (e.g.  longlines, 

trawls) used to catch the product. 

Since 201824, only two items have registered evolutions of more 
than one percentage point. The area of catch or production, which 
topped the ranking in 2018, has lost 16 percentage points and is 
now in third position. However, the wording of this item has been 
completely  modified  since  2018,  from  ‘where  the  product  used 
comes from’ to ‘the area of catch or production’. It is very likely that 
this significant decrease can be explained by this change. 

Moreover, ‘where the plant that processed the product is located’ 
has  gained  eight  percentage  points,  still  in  fourth  place.  This 
increase may also be explained by the previous change of wording, 
as  respondents  who  would  have  answered  ‘where  the  plant  that 
processed the product is located’ in the previous survey could have 
believed  that  this  was  included  in  the  broader  item  ‘where  the 
product used comes from’. 

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

22 QD10. Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on 
the label of tinned or prepared products? The species that the product contains; The 
area of catch or production; Whether the product used is wild or farmed; The fishing 
gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) used to catch the product; Where the plant that 
processed the product is located; The environmental impact; Other (SPONTANEOUS); 
None (SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

23 This item has been modified since 2018: it is now ‘the area of catch or 
production’, compared with ‘where the product used comes from’ in 2018. 
24 This question has been modified since 2018, with the introduction of a new item: 
‘the environmental impact’. Overall, this may have lowered the score of the five 
other items compared with 2018. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Where the plant that processed the product is located is the 
most mentioned in Latvia (67%). In Ireland (64%), and Czechia and 
Estonia (61% in both) it is also significantly selected. By contrast, 
28% of respondents hold this view in Cyprus, 32% in Poland and 
34% in Spain. 

The two other items do not top the ranking in any of the 27 EU 
Member States. However: 

  Over half of respondents mention the environmental impact 
in Ireland (54%), Portugal (53%) and Sweden (52%), compared 
with in Latvia (14%), Bulgaria (16%) and Estonia (20%); 

  The fishing gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) used to catch the 
product  obtains  its  highest  proportions  in  Germany  and 
Sweden  (37%  in  both)  and  Ireland  (32%),  and  its  lowest  in 
Latvia (6%) and Bulgaria and Estonia (7% in both). 

A national analysis reveals that, in 24 EU Member States, the 
species that the product contains is most likely to be cited as 
information  that  should  be  on  the  label  of  tinned  or  prepared 
products. More than half of mention this in all Member States, with 
the  highest  levels  in  Estonia  (86%),  the  Netherlands  (82%)  and 
Czechia (80%). At the other end of the scale, fewer than six in ten 
respondents cite this item in Romania (51%), Croatia (56%) and 
Poland (59%). 

Respondents  in  Luxembourg  (72%)  are  most  likely  to  mention 
whether the product used is wild or farmed. This item is also 
considerably  cited  in  Ireland  (73%),  holding  the  highest  share 
between all Member States, followed by the Netherlands (67%), 
Sweden,  Greece  and  Portugal  (65%  in  all  three),  and  Belgium 
(61%). Contrastingly, fewer than four in ten respondents share this 
opinion in Bulgaria (31%), Hungary (35%) and Poland (37%). 

The  area  of  catch  or  production  tops  the  ranking  in  two  EU 
Member  States:  Greece  (74%,  in  equal  first  position  with  the 
species that the product contains) and Croatia (58%). A substantial 
share also mention this in Sweden (76%), considerably ahead of 
Finland  (65%)  and  Czechia  and  Luxembourg  (61%  in  both). 
Conversely,  this  is  least  cited  in  Romania  (31%),  Bulgaria  (37%) 
and Malta (38%). 

86 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD10

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of tinned or 
prepared products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

i

s
n
a
t
n
o
c
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

t
a
h
t

s
e
i
c
e
p
s
e
h
T

66
76
63
80
76
66
86
75
74
63
65
56
60
73
63
76
66
62
70
82
64
59
71
51
65
63
78
78

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
a
e
r
a
e
h
T

52
49
37
61
52
52
59
56
74
49
46
58
58
52
45
49
61
55
38
52
49
46
56
31
60
44
65
76

r
o
d

l
i

w
s
i

d
e
s
u
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

d
e
m
r
a
f

54
61
31
56
57
58
55
73
65
48
55
48
57
59
51
53
72
35
56
67
51
37
65
46
54
45
54
65

Highest percentage per country
Highest percentage per item

EU27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

)
s
l
w
a
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,
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l

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n
o

l

.

.

g
e
(

i

r
a
e
g
g
n
h
s
i
f
e
h
T

25
22
7
24
27
37
7
32
25
24
26
9
24
12
6
11
31
14
14
23
30
16
22
16
10
8
23
37

t
c
u
d
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r
p
e
h
t
h
c
t
a
c
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t
d
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s
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c
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r
p
t
a
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t

l

t
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p
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h
t
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r
e
h
W

d
e
t
a
c
o

l

s
i

t
c
u
d
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p

t
c
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m

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l

a
t
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e
m
n
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r
i
v
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)
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E
N
A
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(

r
e
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)
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N
A
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(
e
n
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N

46
52
36
61
54
52
61
64
53
34
44
41
50
28
67
45
51
39
36
43
50
32
49
43
49
42
60
57

37
48
16
24

0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lowest percentage per country
Lowest percentage per item

43
39
20
54
33
42
42
21
33
35
14
21
45
23
32
47
38
25
53
23
27
25
39
52

1
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3
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1
3
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1
0
3
4
1
0
1
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0
3
3
2
1
1
2
0
1
0
2
0
0

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In terms of evolutions, the five items already listed in 2018 have 
registered national evolutions of at least ten percentage points. 

The share of respondents who consider that the species that the 
product contains should be mentioned on the label of tinned or 
prepared  products  has  increased  in  13  Member  States.  Changes 
are  highest  in  Ireland  (75%,  +16  percentage  points  since  2018) 
and  Belgium  (76%,  +10  pp.).  However,  it  has  decreased  in  11 
Member States, most notably in Slovakia (63%, -10 pp.).  

Respondents  citing  whether  the  product  used  is  wild  or 
farmed as information has risen in 16 EU Member States., This is 
most  notable  in  Czechia  (56%,  +21  pp.),  and  Estonia  (55%,  
+18  pp.).  Meanwhile,  it  has  fallen  in  nine  Member  States, 
particularly in France (55%, -12 pp.). 

In  all  Member  States,  the  area  of  catch  or  production  as 
information has lost ground25. This has happened by more than ten 
percentage points in 21 Member States, particularly in Malta (38%, 
-31 pp.), Bulgaria (37%, -30 pp.) and Romania (31%, -30 pp.). 

In 24 Member States, those who mention where the plant that 
processed  the  product  is  located  has  increased.  This  is 
particularly the case in Ireland (64%, +24 pp.), Portugal (49%, +23 
pp.), and Czechia and Estonia (61%, +21 pp. in both). 

Lastly, the mention of the fishing gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) 
used to catch the product has risen in 18 EU Member States. 
Significant changes are seen in Ireland (32%, +13 pp.) and Portugal 
(22%,  +13  pp.).  Conversely,  it  has  decreased  in  seven  Member 
States,  particularly  in  Malta  (14%,  -9  pp.)  and  the  Netherlands 
(23%, -8 pp.). 

QD10

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of tinned or prepared products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

i

s
n
a
t
n
o
c
t
c
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d
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r
p
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t

t
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s
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p
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T

66

76
63
80
76
66
86
75
74
63
65
56
60
73
63
76
66
62
70
82
64
59
71
51
65
63
78
78

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=
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=
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54

61
31
56
57
58
55
73
65
48
55
48
57
59
51
53
72
35
56
67
51
37
65
46
54
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=
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=

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T

52

49
37
61
52
52
59
56
74
49
46
58
58
52
45
49
61
55
38
52
49
46
56
31
60
44
65
76

6
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14
30
11
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28
17
17
17
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18
22
16
16
30
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46

52
36
61
54
52
61
64
53
34
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28
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23
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37

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16
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43
39
20
54
33
42
42
21
33
35
14
21
45
23
32
47
38
25
53
23
27
25
39
52

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

e
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37
7
32
25
24
26
9
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31
14
14
23
30
16
22
16
10
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=
5
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=

6
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1

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2
1
4
0
0

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

25 However, it is important to bear in mind that this item has been modified since 
2018, from ‘where the product used comes from’ in 2018 to ‘the area of catch or 

production’ in this survey. This may partially explain the significant decreases 
registered in all the 27 EU Member States. 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying  their  bills  are  more  likely  than  those  who  have  such 
difficulties most of the time to mention the species that the 
product contains (68% compared with 61%); 

  Europeans  who  consider  themselves  upper  middle  class  are 
generally  among  the  most  likely  to  cite  these  six  types  of 
information,  particularly  the  environmental  impact  (49%, 
compared with 30% of those who see themselves as working 
class). 

Moreover,  respondents  who  prefer  wild  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products are more likely than those who prefer farmed products to 
say that four types of information should be mentioned on the label 
of tinned or prepared products. For instance, they are much more 
likely to mention whether the product used is wild or farmed 
(72% compared with 57%) and the area of catch or production 
(60% compared with 48%). 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents aged 15-24 years are more likely than those aged 
55  and  over  to  mention  the  environmental  impact  (49% 
compared with 31%) and the fishing gear used to catch the 
product (27% compared with 22%); 

  Respondents  who  continued  education  up  to  20  years  old  or 
beyond  are  the  most  likely  to  mention  all  six  types  of 
information, most notably the environmental impact (43%, 
compared with 25% among those who finished education aged 
15 or earlier), where the plant that processed the product 
is  located  (50%  compared  with  37%)  and  whether  the 
product used is wild or farmed (59% compared with 47%); 

  Students  are  the  most  likely  to  cite  the  species  that  the 
product  contains  (71%,  compared  with  62%  of  manual 
workers)  and  the  environmental  impact  (52%  compared 
with 28% of retired people). Moreover, managers are the most 
likely  to  answer  whether  the  product  used  is  wild  or 
farmed (61%, compared with 46% of house persons), where 
the  plant  that  processed  the  product  is  located  (51% 
compared with 37%) and the fishing gear used to catch the 
product  (32%  compared  with  20%).  Finally,  self-employed 
people  (58%)  are  more  likely  than  house  persons  and 
unemployed people (47% for both categories) to cite the area 
of catch or production; 

89 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD10

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of tinned or prepared products?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(% - EU)

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

t
a
h
t

s
e
i
c
e
p
s
e
h
T

i

s
n
a
t
n
o
c

66

68
66
67
65

62
63
70
71

66
69
66
62
66
68
65
71

61
61
68

67
59
63

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
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h
c
t
a
c

f
o
a
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r
a
e
h
T

52

50
53
53
50

46
49
56
54

58
56
54
48
47
47
50
54

51
48
53

60
48
45

d

l
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s
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t

r
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t
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h
W

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o

54

52
55
55
53

47
50
59
55

59
61
55
49
46
51
52
55

52
51
55

72
57
37

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

,
s
e
n

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25

27
26
27
22

20
22
29
30

29
32
25
23
20
23
21
30

26
22
26

30
30
20

46

45
46
48
45

37
45
50
46

49
51
49
44
37
43
45
46

44
44
47

50
43
39

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

37

49
41
37
31

25
31
43
52

37
46
39
33
31
36
28
52

38
35
37

40
40
32

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

1

1
1
1
2

3
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

2
1
1

1
1
2

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2

3
1
2
2

3
2
2
3

2
2
1
1
3
3
2
3

2
1
2

1
1
3

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

2. 

Interest in voluntary information 

Over three-quarters of respondents consider that 
the  date  of  catch  or  production  should  be 
mentioned  on  the  label  for  all  fishery  and 
aquaculture products 

Respondents who eat and/or buy fishery and aquaculture products 
at  least  several  times  a  year  were  asked  what  information  they 
think  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  for  all  fishery  and 
aquaculture products 26. They were able to choose multiple answers 
from a list of seven items: 

  More than three-quarters of respondents (76%) cite the date 
of catch or production, far ahead of any other information; 

  44%  (+5  percentage  points  since  2018)27  believe  that 

environmental information should be mentioned; 

  A  third  mention  the  country  where  the  ship  that  caught 
the product is registered (33%, +3 pp.) and information on 
the fisherman or fish farmer (33%, +5 pp.); 

  Slightly more than a quarter think that the port in which the 
product was landed (26%, +2 pp.) and ethical information 
(26%, +2 pp.) should be mentioned; 

  Finally, 20% (+3 pp.) cite that social information. 

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

26 QD11. Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for 
all fishery and aquaculture products? The date of catch or production; The port in 
which the product was landed; The country where the ship that caught the product is 
registered; Ethical information; Social information; Environmental information; 

Information on the fisherman or fish farmer; Other (SPONTANEOUS); None 
(SPONTANEOUS); Don’t know. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 
27 This item has been very slightly modified since 2018: it is now ‘the date of catch 
or production’, compared with ‘date of catch or production’ in 2018. 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

A minority mention the port in which the product was landed 
in Ireland (47%), still far ahead of Italy, Sweden and Austria (31% 
in  all  three).  In  contrast,  11%  of  respondents  cite  this  item  in 
Latvia, 12% in Bulgaria and 13% in both Finland and Lithuania. 

Over  a  third  of  respondents  mention  ethical  information  in 
Ireland (47%), while 38% do so in Sweden and 37% do so Belgium 
and. 8% share this opinion in Latvia, 12% in Hungary and 13% in 
Croatia. 

Finally,  at  least  a  quarter  of  respondents  think  that  social 
information  should  be  mentioned  in  Malta  (26%)  and  Italy, 
Austria and Luxembourg (25% in all three). 

In  all  Member  States, the  date  of  catch  or  production  is  the 
most widespread answer. A significant majority mention this, with 
proportions varying from 93% in Greece, 92% in Estonia, and 89% 
in both Portugal and Finland, to 63% in Romania, 67% in Poland 
and 70% in France. 

At least half consider that environmental information should be 
mentioned on labels in nine Member States, with the highest levels 
in Portugal (67%), Sweden (63%) and the Netherlands and Ireland 
(59% in both). At most a quarter of respondents share this opinion 
in Bulgaria (20%), Latvia (22%) and Lithuania (25%). 

The  country  where  the  ship  that  caught  the  product  is 
registered  is  mentioned  by  55%  in  Ireland,  being  substantially 
ahead of Sweden and Greece (43% in both). At the other end of 
the scale, at most a fifth hold this view in Estonia and Latvia (19% 
in both), and Cyprus (20%). 

Information  on  the  fisherman  or  fish  farmer  obtains  its 
highest level in Latvia (54%), Estonia (52%) and Austria (49%), and 
its lowest in Cyprus (14%), Romania (17%) and Malta (19%). 

92 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD11

Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for all fishery and aquaculture 
products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

d
e
d
n
a

l

s
a
w

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
h
c
i
h
w
n

i

t
r
o
p
e
h
T

26
23
12

16
25
26
19
47
24
28
30
15
31
16
11
13

29
20
26
17

31
23
17

22
18
20
13
31

e
h
t

i

t
h
g
u
a
c
t
a
h
t
p
h
s
e
h
t
e
r
e
h
w
y
r
t
n
u
o
c
e
h
T

d
e
r
e
t
s
i
g
e
r

s
i

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

33
29
23
26
34
33
19
55
43
32
39
27
37
20
19
30
37
35
33
31
39
24
34
23
25
30
30
43

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
c
i
h
t
E

26
37
22
25
28
25
23
47
25
25
30
13

29
22
8

16
37
12

28
32
28
20
32
24
21
21
33
38

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
e
t
a
d
e
h
T

76
82
82
88
82
74
92
82
93
77
70
79
77
79
80
80
78
71
71
83
72
67
89
63
85
76
89
82

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
i
c
o
S

20
22

16
10
12
22
10
20
18

24
20

15
25

21
9
15
25

15
26
17
25
17

20
20
14
13
8
18

Highest percentage per country
Highest percentage per item

EU27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
E

h
s
i
f

r
o
n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t
n
o
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

I

r
e
m
r
a
f

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

32
45
43
14

33
33
21
27
28
38
52
36
37
23

1
44
0
51
1
20
0
29
1
53
50
2
0
28
1
59
0
44
1
44
3
46
0
36
0
43
0
51
0
22
0
25
1
54
1
31
1
44
1
59
0
40
1
28
0
67
1
31
1
38
3
28
0
43
0
63
Lowest percentage per country
Lowest percentage per item

0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

54
35
42
32
19

32
49
26
29
17

32
22
46
34

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2
1
4
1
1
3
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
0
1

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Six  of  the  seven  items  of  information  have  registered  national 
evolutions of at least ten percentage points. The exception is the 
date  of  catch  or  production,  which  has  gained  ground  in  14 
Member States, particularly in Ireland (82%, +8 percentage points 
since  2018),  Estonia  (92%,  +7  pp.)  and  Belgium  (82%,  +7  pp.). 
Conversely, this item has lost ground in 12 Member States, most 
notably in Cyprus (79%, -9 pp.) and Hungary (71%, -7 pp.). 

Those who cite environmental information have increased in 18 
Member  States,  most  dramatically  in  Portugal  (67%,  +38  pp.), 
Ireland  (59%,  +22  pp.),  and  Czechia  (29%,  +15  pp.).  However,  it 
has decreased in eight Member States, most notably in Bulgaria 
(20%, -12 pp.). 

The proportion considering that the country where the ship that 
caught the product is registered should be mentioned has risen 
in 19 EU member States. Changes are most significant in Ireland 
(55%, +16 pp.), Sweden (43%, +10 pp.) and Croatia (27%, +10 pp.). 
Meanwhile,  it  has  fallen  in  six  Member  States,  particularly  in 
Bulgaria (23%, -6 pp.). 

In  21  Member  States,  information  on  the  fisherman  or  fish 
farmer has gained ground. This is so particularly in Estonia (52%, 
+25  pp.),  Latvia  (54%,  +19  pp.)  and  Lithuania  (35%,  +18  pp.). 
Conversely, it has lost ground in five Member States, most notably 
in Malta (19%, -9 pp.). 

In  15  EU  Member  States, respondents  citing  the  port  in  which 
the product was landed has increased. This is most notable in 
Ireland (47%, +15 pp.). However, it has decreased slightly in eight 
Member States, including Finland (13%, -5 pp.). 

Ethical information has gained ground in 18 Member States: in 
Ireland (47%, +19 pp.), Portugal (32%, +19 pp.), and Belgium (37%, 
+12  pp.).  Conversely,  it  has  fallen  in  five  Member  States, 
particularly in Sweden (38%, -8 pp.). 

Finally, social information has risen in 17 Member States, most 
notably in Cyprus (21%, +10 pp.), while it has lost ground in eight 
Member States, particularly in Czechia (10%, -3 pp.). 

94 

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD11

Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for all fishery and aquaculture products? 
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (%)

d
e
r
e
t
s
i
g
e
r

s
i

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

i

t
h
g
u
a
c
t
a
h
t
p
h
s
e
h
t
e
r
e
h
w
y
r
t
n
u
o
c
e
h
T

33

29
23
26
34
33
19
55
43
32
39
27
37
20
19
30
37
35
33
31
39
24
34
23
25
30
30
43

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
e
t
a
d
e
h
T

76

82
82
88
82
74
92
82
93
77
70
79
77
79
80
80
78
71
71
83
72
67
89
63
85
76
89
82

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

=
7
2
2
4
1
7
8
3
2
5
2
=
9
4
1
3
7
2
2
2
5
2
3
1
2
1
4

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
E

44

51
20
29
53
50
28
59
44
44
46
36
43
51
22
25
54
31
44
59
40
28
67
31
38
28
43
63

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

5

7
12
15
6
8
8
22
5
11
4
3
8
8
1
7
7
2
4
2
8
=
38
8
8
7
2
5

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

r
e
m
r
a
f
h
s
i
f

r
o
n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t
n
o
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

I

33

33
21
27
28
38
52
36
37
23
32
45
43
14
54
35
42
32
19
32
49
26
29
17
32
22
46
34

d
e
d
n
a

l

s
a
w

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
h
c
i
h
w
n

i

t
r
o
p
e
h
T

26

23
12
16
25
26
19
47
24
28
30
15
31
16
11
13
29
20
26
17
31
23
17
22
18
20
13
31

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

5

9
5
9
3
8
25
12
4
4
3
13
1
1
19
18
12
6
9
4
5
=
9
3
7
7
1
6

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

3

1
6
2
9
2
5
16
2
9
2
10
6
4
5
8
3
3
2
6
=
6
5
1
6
=
8
10

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

1
4
3
1
3
6
15
4
5
2
2
=
1
2
5
4
2
=
=
2
5
3
1
1
=
5
2

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
c
i
h
t
E

26

37
22
25
28
25
23
47
25
25
30
13
29
22
8
16
37
12
28
32
28
20
32
24
21
21
33
38

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

12
4
11
=
1
9
19
6
10
2
5
6
1
=
7
1
6
5
1
2
5
19
=
7
4
=
8

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
i
c
o
S

20

22
16
10
12
22
10
20
18
24
20
15
25
21
9
15
25
15
26
17
25
17
20
20
14
13
8
18

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

3

7
1
3
1
4
2
2
=
7
3
=
5
10
2
6
5
2
1
2
5
4
8
2
1
1
2
2

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

-2

-2
-2
-4
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
0
-1
-1
-1
-2
-5
-1
-4
-3
-2
-3
-2
-3
-3
-6
-1
-2

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

0

0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

6
1
0
2
e
n
u
J

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

2

1
=
2
1
5
6
1
1
1
=
=
=
3
4
5
2
=
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
4

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

1

0
1
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
3
0
0

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Analysis of the socio-demographic data shows that: 

  Respondents aged 15-24 years are more likely than those aged 
55 and over to think that environmental information (54% 
compared  with  39%),  ethical  information  (34%  compared 
with 21%) and social information (26% compared with 16%) 
should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  for  all  fishery  and 
aquaculture  products,  but  they  are  less  likely  to  share  this 
opinion  about  the  date  of  catch  or  production  (70% 
compared with 78%); 

  Respondents  who  continued  education  up  to  20  years  old  or 
beyond are more likely than those who finished education aged 
15  or  earlier  to  mention environmental  information  (51% 
compared with 33%), information on the fisherman or fish 
farmer  (36%  compared  with  28%),  ethical  information 
(30%  compared  with  17%)  and  social  information  (22% 
compared with 17%); 

  Students  are  the  most 

likely  to  cite  environmental 
information  (57%,  compared  with  34%  of  house  persons), 
ethical  information  (37%,  compared  with  19%  of  retired 
people),  the  country  where  the  ship  that  caught  the 
product  is  registered  (35%,  compared  with  30%  of  house 
persons) and social information (27%, compared with 15% 
of retired people), but the least likely to mention the date of 
catch  or  production  (73%,  the  same  proportion  as  among 
manual  workers,  compared  with  78%  of  both  self-employed 
people  and  managers).  Self-employed  people  are  the  most 
likely to cite information on the fisherman or fish farmer 
(39%, compared with 28% of house persons); 

  Respondents  who  never  or  almost  never  have  difficulties 
paying  their  bills  are  more  likely  than  those  who  have  such 
difficulties most of the time to mention the date of catch or 
production  (78%  compared  with  73%),  but  they  are slightly 
less likely to cite the country where the ship that caught 
the product is registered (33% compared with 37%); 

  Respondents who consider themselves upper middle class are 
the most likely to cite the date of catch or production (80%, 
compared  with  73%  of  those  who  see  themselves  as  lower 
middle class), environmental  information (56%, compared 
with 37% of those who see themselves as working class) and 
ethical  information  (32%  compared  with  22%).  However, 
respondents who see themselves as upper class are the most 
likely to mention the country where the ship that caught 
the product is registered (39%, compared with 31% of those 
who consider themselves lower middle class) and the port in 
which the product was landed (32% compared with 23%). 

In addition, respondents who prefer wild fishery and aquaculture 
products are more likely than those who prefer farmed products to 
say that the country where the ship that caught the product 
is registered (40% compared with 29%), the date of catch or 
production  (79%  compared  with  73%),  information  on  the 
fisherman  or  fish  farmer  (39%  compared with  34%)  and the 
port  in  which  the  product  was  landed  (32%  compared  with 
27%)  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  for  all  fishery  and 
aquaculture products. 

Finally, respondents who have eaten fresh fishery and aquaculture 
products (including live), at least once a week in the last 12 months 
(74%) are more likely than those who have eaten frozen prepared 
or processed fish and products that are smoked, salted, dried or in 
brine  (both  67%)  to  consider  that  the  date  of  catch  or 
production should be mentioned on the label for all products. 

96 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD11

Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for all fishery and aquaculture products? (MULTIPLE
ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(% - EU)

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
e
t
a
d
e
h
T

76

70
75
77
78

77
74
78
73

78
78
77
73
75
77
77
73

73
72
78

76
73
77
80
75

EU27

Age

15-24
25-39
40-54
55 +

Education (End of)

15-
16-19
20+
Still studying

Socio-professional category

Self-employed
Managers
Other white collars
Manual workers
House persons
Unemployed
Retired
Students

Difficulties paying bills

Most of the time
From time to time
Almost never/ Never

Consider belonging to

The working class
The lower middle class
The middle class
The upper middle class
The upper class

Eat at least once a week in the last 12 months

Fresh
Frozen
Frozen raw fish
Frozen prepared or processed fish
Smoked/salted/dried/in brine
Tinned

Preference for wild or farmed products

Wild
Farmed
You have no preference

74
72
70
67
67
72

79
73
73

s
a
w

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
h
c
i
h
w
n

i

t
r
o
p
e
h
T

d
e
d
n
a

l

i

t
a
h
t
p
h
s
e
h
t
e
r
e
h
w
y
r
t
n
u
o
c
e
h
T

d
e
r
e
t
s
i
g
e
r

s
i

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

t
h
g
u
a
c

26

27
28
27
24

24
25
27
28

27
28
27
24
24
24
25
28

28
27
25

26
23
26
28
32

28
26
27
25
26
27

32
27
22

33

34
34
33
32

32
33
33
35

34
32
34
33
30
34
33
35

37
33
33

33
31
34
34
39

35
33
33
32
34
33

40
29
27

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
c
i
h
t
E

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
i
c
o
S

26

20

34
32
27
21

17
23
30
37

30
32
30
24
21
23
19
37

28
26
26

22
27
27
32
24

27
28
29
27
29
26

28
31
23

26
22
21
16

17
18
22
27

19
24
22
21
19
19
15
27

22
22
19

19
20
20
23
23

21
24
24
22
22
22

21
25
19

h
s
i
f

r
o
n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t
n
o
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

I

r
e
m
r
a
f

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

33

32
35
34
31

28
31
36
34

39
37
36
32
28
29
29
34

31
33
33

29
32
35
34
35

31
30
28
29
31
31

39
34
26

0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1
0

0
1
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

1

2
1
1
2

2
2
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2

2
1
2

2
1
1
1
0

1
1
1
1
0
1

1
0
2

2

3
1
1
2

4
2
1
2

2
1
1
1
3
3
2
2

2
2
2

3
2
1
1
1

2
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
2

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
E

44

54
48
44
39

33
38
51
57

44
53
48
40
34
41
38
57

42
40
45

37
41
45
56
45

43
46
44
41
45
44

49
47
37

Base: Respondents who buy or eat FAPs at least several times a year (22,844) 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONCLUSION 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The fourth and last part of this report examined the information 
provided on fishery and aquaculture products. Close to seven in 
ten respondents consider that the “use by” or “best before” 
date should be mentioned on the label of fresh, frozen, smoked 
and dried fishery products, far ahead of any other information. In 
contrast,  when  it  comes  to  tinned  or  prepared  products,  two-
thirds  of  respondents  think  that  the  species  contained  in 
the  product  should  be  mentioned  on  its  label,  ahead  of  any 
other information. In addition, over three-quarters of respondents 
consider that the date of catch or production should be mentioned 
on the label for all fishery and aquaculture products, while more 
than four in ten mention environmental information. 

A  broad  overview  of  the  socio-demographic  results  reveals 
that the most affluent socio-demographic categories are the most 
likely to eat and buy fishery and aquaculture products. Moreover, 
their consumption of these products tended to increase or remain 
stable as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, while it tended to 
decrease among the less affluent categories. However, there are 
relatively  few  differences  between  men  and  women  in  their 
attitudes towards fishery and aquaculture products. 

Delving more deeply into prices and cost, results reveal that more 
affluent  socio-demographic  categories  have  a  higher 
capacity  to  consume  or  purchase  fishery  and  aquaculture 
products.  Firstly,  managers,  those  who  consider  themselves 
upper middle class or higher, and those who never or almost 
never have difficulty paying bills generally tend to consume 
these  products  at  home  and  elsewhere  more,  as  well  as 
purchase  them.  Moreover,  they  are  also  more  prone  to  have 
consumed fresh products (including live) over the past 12 months, 
which tend to be more expensive than frozen or tinned products. 
Conversely, the latter two types of products are consumed more 
frequently  by  manual  workers,  those  who  consider  themselves 
working class, and those who have difficulties paying bills most of 
the time, within the same time frame. Lastly, the aforementioned 
less affluent socio-demographic categories are also more 
likely  to  place  importance  on  cost  when  buying  fishery  and 
aquaculture products. 

Consumer habits regarding fishery and aquaculture products are 
examined in the first part of this report. It shows that nearly two-
thirds  of  Europeans  eat  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  at 
home  at  least  once  a  month.  However,  this  proportion  has 
decreased in 22 EU Member States since 2018. In addition, slightly 
more  than  one  in  five  Europeans  say  they  eat  fishery  or 
aquaculture products at restaurants and other food outlets 
at least once a month, but this proportion has fallen in 24 EU 
Member States since 2018. Overall, the most consumed fishery 
and aquaculture products are frozen products, slightly ahead of 
fresh  products  (including  live),  and  tinned  products,  with 
around  six  in  ten  respondents  consuming  these  three  types  of 
products. 

In  addition,  nearly  six  in  ten  Europeans  buy  fishery  or 
aquaculture products at least once a month. However, as for 
the consumption of these products, the share of respondents who 
say they buy fishery or aquaculture products at least once a month 
has fallen in 21 EU Member States since 2018. Close to eight in 
ten  respondents  buy  fishery  products  and  aquaculture 
products at the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket, 
far  ahead  any  other  place.  Slightly  more  than  four  in  ten 
respondents buy these products at a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s 
stall  in  a  market  hall  or  a  specialist  store,  which  is  the  second 
favourite place of purchase. These results have remained broadly 
unchanged since 2018. 

As  already  seen,  the  consumption  and  purchase  of  fishery  and 
aquaculture products have lost ground since 2018. That is why the 
second part of this report explored changes in consumption as a 
possible  result  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  However,  at  least 
eight in ten Europeans say their consumption of six types 
of  fishery  and  aquaculture  products  remained  about  the 
same  as  a  result  of  the  COVID-19 pandemic, while at least 
one  in  ten  report  that  it  decreased  for  fresh  products  (including 
live), frozen raw fish and products that are smoked, slated, dried 
or in brine. 

Respondents give various reasons for changing their consumption: 
being more health conscious and having changed diet are by 
far  the  main  reasons  why  Europeans  have  increased  their 
consumption of fishery or aquaculture products, with over a third 
of  respondents  citing  these  two  reasons;  in  contrast,  at  least  a 
quarter of the Europeans who have decreased their consumption 
of  fishery  or  aquaculture  products  have  done  so  because  of 
fishery  products  becoming  more  expensive  or  because  of  a 
change  in  their  financial circumstances. In short, Europeans 
have changed their consumption of fishery or aquaculture products 
mainly for health or financial reasons. 

The  third  part  of  this  report  focused  on  preferences  regarding 
fishery and aquaculture products. It shows that appearance and 
cost  remain  the  most  important  aspects  for  Europeans  when 
buying fishery and aquaculture products, ahead of the origin of 
the product, which has gained eight percentage points at EU level 
since 2018. Moreover, respondents are divided regarding wild or 
farmed  products:  around  a  third  prefer  wild  products,  while  a 
similar  proportion  have  no  preference.  Finally,  respondents  who 
never or almost never eat fishery or aquaculture products say it is 
because  they  do  not  like  the  taste,  the  smell  or  the 
appearance of these products, far ahead of their high price. 

99 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

In  each  of  the  selected  sampling  points,  a  starting  address  was 
drawn,  at  random.  Further  addresses  (every  Nth  address)  were 
selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial 
address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random 
(following  the  "closest  birthday  rule").  If  no  one  answered  the 
interviewer in a household, or if the respondent selected was not 
available (not present or busy), the interviewer revisited the same 
household up to three additional times (four contact attempts in 
total). Interviewers never indicate that the survey is conducted on 
behalf  of  the  European  Commission  beforehand;  they  may  give 
this information once the survey is completed, upon request. 

The recruitment phase was slightly different in the Netherlands. In 
this  country,  a  sample  of  addresses  within  each  areal  sampling 
point  (1km2  grid)  were  selected  from  the  address  or  population 
register. The selection of addresses was done in a random manner. 
Households  were  then  contacted  by  telephone  and  recruited  to 
take part in the survey. 

Technical 
Specifications 

Between the 15th March and 14th April 2021, Kantar carried out 
wave 95.1 of the EUROBAROMETER survey, at the request of the 
European  Commission,  Directorate-General  for  Communication, 
“Media monitoring and Eurobarometer” Unit.  

Wave 95.1 covers the population of the respective nationalities of 
the  European  Union  Member  States,  resident  in  each  of  the  27 
Member States and aged 15 years and over  

The basic sample design applied in all countries and territories is a 
multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number 
of  sampling  points  were  drawn  with  probability  proportional  to 
population  size  (for  a  total  coverage  of  the  country)  and  to 
population density. 

In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically 
from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification 
by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole 
territory  of  the  countries  surveyed  according  to  the  EUROSTAT 
NUTS  II  (or  equivalent)  and  according  to  the  distribution  of  the 
resident  population  of  the  respective  nationalities  in  terms  of 
metropolitan, urban and rural areas. 

TS1 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

C O UNT R IE S

INS T IT UT E S

N°
INT E R VIE W S

F IE LD W O R K
D AT E S

15+

P O P ULAT IO N P R O P O R T IO N

R ep. O f C yprus

C YMAR  Market R esearc h

B elgium

B ulgaria

C z ec hia

D enmark

G ermany

E stonia

Ireland

G reec e

S pain

F ranc e

C roatia

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands
Austria

P oland

P ortugal

R omania

S lovenia

S lovakia

F inland

S weden

K antar B elgium

K antar T NS  B B S S

K antar C Z

K antar G allup

K antar D eutsc hland

K antar E mor

K antar B elgium

1.034

1.033

1.044

1.048

1.505

1.019

1.026

24/03/2021 10/04/2021

9.188.369

17/03/2021 11/04/2021

5.995.194

24/03/2021 04/04/2021

8.956.740

16/03/2021 12/04/2021

4.848.611

16/03/2021 14/04/2021

71.728.398

19,10%

16/03/2021 31/03/2021

1.073.224

24/03/2021 06/04/2021

3.896.482

K antar G reec e

1.012

22/03/2021 12/04/2021

9.187.524

E U27

2,45%

1,60%

2,39%

1,29%

0,29%

1,04%

2,45%

T NS  Investigac ión de Merc ados y 
O pinión 
K antar P ublic  F ranc e

Hendal

K antar Italia

K antar T NS  Latvia

T NS  LT

K antar B elgium

K antar Hoffmann

MIS C O  International

K antar Netherlands
D as Ö sterreic hisc he G allup Institut

K antar P olska

Marktest – Marketing, O rganiz aç ão 
e F ormaç ão

C entrul P entru S tudierea O piniei si 
P ietei (C S O P )

1.016

17/03/2021 11/04/2021

40.006.943

10,65%

1.018

1.027

1.032

504

1.009

1.024

513

1.046

520

1.004
1.025

1.039

16/03/2021 06/04/2021

52.732.499

16/03/2021 11/04/2021

3.488.460

16/03/2021 12/04/2021

52.397.331

16/03/2021 04/04/2021

734.695

16/03/2021 12/04/2021

1.568.124

16/03/2021 03/04/2021

2.300.257

22/03/2021 11/04/2021

503.275

17/03/2021 01/04/2021

8.351.017

16/03/2021 03/04/2021

426.055

15/03/2021 10/04/2021
16/03/2021 05/04/2021

14.165.638
7.580.083

16/03/2021 08/04/2021

32.139.021

14,04%

0,93%

13,95%

0,20%

0,42%

0,61%

0,13%

2,22%

0,11%

3,77%
2,02%

8,56%

1.035

19/03/2021 05/04/2021

8.869.051

2,36%

1.045

17/03/2021 05/04/2021

16.372.216

4,36%

Mediana D O O

1.026

19/03/2021 12/04/2021

1.767.202

K antar C z ec hia

K antar T NS  O y

K antar S ifo

1.003

1.017

1.045

16/03/2021 12/04/2021

4.592.379

19/03/2021 06/04/2021

4.488.064

18/03/2021 04/04/2021

8.149.850

0,47%

1,22%

1,20%

2,17%

T O T AL E U27

26.669

15/03/2021 14/04/2021 375.506.702

100%*

B E

B G

C Z

D K

D E

E E

IE

E L

E S

F R

HR

IT

C Y

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL
AT

P L

P T

R O

S I

S K

F I

S E

* It should be noted that the total perc entage shown in this table may exc eed 100% due to rounding
** R ec ruitments in B elgium, C z ec hia, G reec e, Ireland, Luxembourg, P ortugal and S lovakia are c arried out by K antar B elgium, K antar 
C z ec hia, K antar G reec e, R onin International, K antar P ortugal and K antar S lovakia. Non-probabilistic  sample in G reec e was randomly 
drawn from K antar’s LifeP oints panel.

TS2 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

N° O F  C AP I N° O F  C AW I
INT E R VIE W S INT E R VIE W S INT E R VIE W S

T O T AL N°

Recruitment for online interviews 

C O UNT R IE S

B elgium
B ulgaria
C z ec hia
D enmark
G ermany
E stonia
Ireland
G reec e
S pain
F ranc e
C roatia
Italy
R ep. O f C yprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
P oland
P ortugal
R omania
S lovenia
S lovakia
F inland
S weden

B E
B G
C Z
D K
D E
E E
IE
E L
E S
F R
HR
IT
C Y
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
P L
P T
R O
S I
S K
F I
S E

1.033

1.505

532
1.016
1.018
1.027
1.032
504

1.046
329
725
1.025
1.039

1.045
508
710

1.034

1.044
1.048

1.019
1.026
480

1.009
1.024
513

191
279

1.035

518
293
1.017
1045

1.034
1.033
1.044
1.048
1.505
1.019
1.026
1.012
1.016
1.018
1.027
1.032
504
1.009
1.024
513
1.046
520
1.004
1.025
1.039
1.035
1.045
1.026
1.003
1.017
1.045

T O T AL E U27

14.094

12.575

26.669

C AP I : C omputer-Assisted P ersonal interviewing
C AW I : C omputer-Assisted W eb interviewing

Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic on fieldwork 

  Face-to-face interviewing  

Where feasible, interviews were conducted face to face in people's 
homes  or  on  their  door  step  and  in  the  appropriate  national 
language.  In  all  countries  and  territories  where  face-to-face 
interviewing  was  not  feasible  CAPI  (Computer  Assisted  Personal 
Interviewing) was used.  

For  face-to-face  all  interviews  conducted,  hygiene  and  physical 
distancing  measures  were  respected  at  all  times  in  line  with 
government  regulations,  and whenever  possible,  interviews were 
conducted outside homes, on doorsteps, in order to stay outside 
and maintain social distance.  

  Face-to-face and online interviewing  

In Greece, Malta, the Netherlands, Slovenia and Slovakia, face-to-
face interviewing was feasible but it was not possible to reach the 
target  number  of  face-to-face  interviews  within  the  fieldwork 
period due to the impact of COVID-19 restrictions: many potential 
respondents  are  reluctant  to  open  their  homes  to  interviewers, 
even if they respect hygiene rules and physical distancing, such as 
wearing masks and using hydroalcoholic gel. Therefore, to hit the 
target number of interviews within the fieldwork period, additional 
interviews  were  conducted  online  with  Computer-Assisted  Web 
Interviewing (CAWI) technique. 

  Online interviewing  

In  Belgium,  Czechia,  Denmark,  Estonia,  Ireland,  Latvia,  Lithuania, 
face-to-face 
Luxembourg,  Portugal,  Finland  and  Sweden 
interviews were not feasible at all. Therefore, all interviews were 
conducted online with CAWI technique. 

TS3 

The  online  design  in  each  country  differed  based  on  what  was 
feasible  within  the  fieldwork  period.  Where  feasible,  the  online 
sample  was  based  on  a  probabilistic  sample  design.  Those 
recruited  to  the  online  survey  were  recruited  through  a  single 
mobile frame or dual frame Random Digit Dialling (RDD) design. In 
this way the entire phone owning population in each country had a 
non-zero chance of being sampled. The choice of whether to use a 
single  mobile  frame  or  dual  frame  (mobile  and  landline)  was 
dependent  on  the  countries’  landline  infrastructure.  Where  the 
landline infrastructure is suitably advanced to support a significant 
minority  of  residential  households  with  landline  phones  a  dual 
frame design is employed. The mix of mobile and landline sample 
is  designed  to  maximise  the  representation  of  the  responding 
sample. The RDD sample for both the mobile and landline sample 
is  drawn  from  the  country’s  telephone  numbering  plan.  The 
landline  sample  frame  is  stratified  by  NUTS3  regions  based  on 
their  prefix  and  the  mobile  by  operator  before  a  systematic 
random sample of numbers is generated proportional in size to the 
total  generatable  numbers  in  each  stratum.  Respondents  were 
recruited  using  this  sample  design  in  Belgium,  Czechia,  Estonia, 
Greece,  Ireland,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Luxembourg,  Malta,  Portugal, 
Slovenia and Slovakia.  

In  Finland,  Denmark,  and  Sweden,  RDD  samples  were  not  used, 
instead  the  telephone  sample  was  drawn  from  the  country 
telephone  directory.  In  these  three  countries  the  telephone 
directories  offer  comprehensive  coverage  of  the  phone  owning 
population,  storing  both  landline  and  mobile  phone  numbers  for 
each individual.  

In the Netherlands, a proprietary panel called “Nipobase” was used, 
drawing a random sample from their panel. This panel uses a mix 
of  probability  based  sampling  to  recruit  panellists  and  non-
probabilistic  approaches  to  maximise  representation  where  the 
probability  based  approach  under-represents,  such  as  in  the 
younger  age  groups.  Nipobase  uses  a  mix  of  offline  and  online 
modes. Offline modes are typically RDD samples and online modes 
are typically recruitment via targeted websites and social media 
platforms. 

Please note that for some countries where the response rates were 
not  sufficiently  large  to  achieve  the  target  sample  size  in  the 
fieldwork period, we had to further supplement the samples drawn 
probabilistically  (either  face-to-face  or  phone-to-web)  with  non-
probabilistic panels. This was effectively a ‘last resort’ option when 
no other probabilistic design was feasible.  

In Greece, the sample was supplemented with a randomly drawn 
sample (57 interviews) from Kantar’s LifePoints non-probabilistic 
sample panel; in Lithuania (127 interviews), from Norstat’s panel. 
The LifePoints panel is Kantar’s proprietary panel, used exclusively 
for  Kantar  clients  and  the  lead  source  for  Kantar’s  online  work, 
generating close to 30 million completes per year. Members are 
recruited  via  online  advertising  across  a  wide  range  of  web  and 
social media sites. Adverts are placed with websites with very high 
footfalls to ensure maximised reach.  

 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Response rates 

For  each  country  a  comparison  between  the  responding  sample 
and  the  universe  (i.e.  the  overall  population  in  the  country)  is 
carried out. Weights are used to match the responding sample to 
the universe on gender by age, region and degree of urbanisation. 
For European estimates (i.e. EU average), an adjustment is made 
to the individual country weights, weighting them up or down to 
reflect  their  15+  population  as  a  proportion  of  the  EU  15+ 
population.  

The response rates are calculated by dividing the total number of 
complete interviews with the number of all the addresses visited, 
apart  from  ones  that  are  not  eligible  but  including  those  where 
eligibility  is  unknown.  For  wave  95.1  of  the  EUROBAROMETER 
survey, the response rates for the EU27 countries, calculated by 
Kantar, are: 

B E **
B G *
C Z**
D K **
D E *
E E **
IE **
E L*

20,8%
45,7%
37,3%
16,3%
20,5%
28,2%
21,6%
29,5%

22,4%
30,9%
29,4%
48,3%
21,8%
41,8%
24,7%
37,7%
* C AP I ** C AW I without taking into account recruitm ent phas e (for E L and LT , only 
probabilis tic s am ple)

24,4%
60,2%
84,4%
43,9%
60,9%
47,9%
43,3%
45,8%

P T **
R O *
S I*
S I**
S K *
S K **
F I**
S E **

LU**
HU*
MT *
MT **
NL*
NL**
AT *
P L*

E L**
E S *
F R *
HR *
IT *
C Y*
LV**
LT **

38,3%
52,7%
52,0%
47,7%
59,8%
26,5%
32,5%
41,1%

Margins of error 

Readers  are  reminded  that  survey  results  are  estimations,  the 
accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample 
size and upon the observed percentage.

With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary 
within the following confidence limits: 

Statistical Margins due to the sampling process

(at the 95% level of confidence)

various sample sizes are in rows

various observed results are in columns

5%

10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

N=50

6,0

N=500
1,9
N=1000 1,4
1,1

N=1500

8,3

2,6
1,9
1,5

9,9

3,1
2,2
1,8

11,1

3,5
2,5
2,0

12,0

3,8
2,7
2,2

12,7

4,0
2,8
2,3

13,2

4,2
3,0
2,4

13,6

4,3
3,0
2,5

13,8

4,4
3,1
2,5

13,9 N=50

4,4 N=500
3,1 N=1000
2,5 N=1500

N=2000

N=3000

N=4000

N=5000

N=6000

N=7000

N=7500

N=8000

N=9000

N=10000

N=11000

N=12000

N=13000

N=14000

N=15000

1,0

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,6

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,3

5%

1,3

1,1

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

1,6

1,3

1,1

1,0

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

1,8

1,4

1,2

1,1

1,0

0,9

0,9

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,6

1,9

1,5

1,3

1,2

1,1

1,0

1,0

0,9

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,7

0,7

0,7

2,0

1,6

1,4

1,3

1,2

1,1

1,0

1,0

0,9

0,9

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,7

2,1

1,7

1,5

1,3

1,2

1,1

1,1

1,0

1,0

0,9

0,9

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,8

2,1

1,8

1,5

1,4

1,2

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,0

1,0

0,9

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,8

2,2

1,8

1,5

1,4

1,3

1,2

1,1

1,1

1,0

1,0

0,9

0,9

0,9

0,8

0,8

2,2 N=2000

1,8 N=3000

1,5 N=4000

1,4 N=5000

1,3 N=6000

1,2 N=7000

1,1 N=7500

1,1 N=8000

1,0 N=9000

1,0 N=10000

0,9 N=11000

0,9 N=12000

0,9 N=13000

0,8 N=14000

0,8 N=15000

10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

TS4 

 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Questionnaire 

Introduction: ‘Now, I would like to ask you a few questions about fishery and aquaculture products. This includes edible fish, 
shellfish (for example, prawns or  crayfish),  molluscs (for  example oysters or octopus)  and  seaweeds.  It includes  fishery and 
aquaculture products that are farmed or wild and come from the sea or fresh water sources. It includes both raw and prepared 
products (for example fresh, frozen or tinned). 

Q1  

How frequently do you… 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

1 

2 

Eat fishery or 
aquaculture products 
at home 

Eat fishery or 
aquaculture products 
at restaurants and 
other food outlets 
(canteens, bars, 
market stands etc.) 

3 

Buy fishery or 
aquaculture products 

1.5 QU 

EB89.3 QB1 TREND 

Never 

Don’t know 

Less 
than 
once a 
year 

At least 
once a 
week 

At least once 
a month but 
less than 
once a week 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Several 
times a 
year but 
less 
than 
once a 
month 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Q1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Q2 

Which of the following are the main reasons why you never or almost never eat fishery or 
aquaculture products? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – SEVERAL ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

You do not like the taste, the smell or the appearance of these products 

They are too difficult to prepare or eat (for example removing bones or shell) 

They are too expensive 

  Because of health concerns (for example allergies or contamination by metals) 

You are not used to these products 

You have environmental concerns and think it is better not to eat these products 

You are vegetarian or vegan 

There is no or very little availability in your area 

Fish deteriorate quickly 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

  None (SPONTANEOUS) 

  DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

EB89.3 QB2 TREND 

Q3 

Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – SEVERAL ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

At a street market 

At a fishmonger, a fishmonger’s stall in a market hall or a specialist store 

At the grocery store, supermarket or hypermarket 

At a fish farm or at the fish harbour/fish auction or from the fisherman 

Online (M) 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

0 QU 

EB89.3 QB3 MODIFIED TREND (item 5 is modified) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Q2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Q4  

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture 
products over the last 12 months? 

(SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

Every day 

Several 
times a 
week 

Once a 
week 

Once or 
twice a 
month 

Less than 
once a 
month 

You have never eaten 
this product 
(SPONTANEOUS) 

Don’t 
know 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Fresh 
products, 
including live 

Frozen 
products 

Frozen raw 
fish 

Frozen 
prepared or 
processed 
fish 

Products 
that are 
smoked, 
salted, dried 
or in brine 

Tinned 
products 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

3 QU 

NEW BASED ON EB89.3 QB4a 

Q5  

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your consumption of… 

(READ OUT – SHOW SCREEN – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

Increased 

Remained about 
the same 

Decreased 

Don’t know 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Fresh products, including 
live 

Frozen products 

Frozen raw fish 

Frozen prepared or 
processed fish 

Products that are smoked, 
salted, dried or in brine 

Tinned products 

3 QU 

NEWa 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

Q3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Q6a 

Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products increased? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

Fishery products are now cheaper 

Fishery products are now more widely available in stores 

You changed where you do your food shopping 

Your financial circumstances have changed 

You are now more health conscious 

You have changed your diet 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

Q6b 

Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products decreased? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

Fishery products have become more expensive 

You cannot find fishery products in stores 

You have less trust in the quality and freshness of fishery products available 

You changed where you do your food shopping 

You now shop for groceries online whereas you prefer to buy fishery products in person 

You have replaced fishery products by other food products 

Your financial circumstances have changed 

You are now more aware of the environmental effects of consuming fishery and aquaculture products 

You now have new health concerns  

You have changed your diet 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

0 QU 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

Q4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Q6c 

Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products changed? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

Some fishery products have become more expensive 

You cannot find certain fishery products in stores 

You have less trust in the quality and freshness of certain fishery products available 

You changed where you do your food shopping 

You now shop for groceries online whereas you prefer to buy certain fishery products in person 

Your financial circumstances have changed 

You are now more aware of the environmental effects of consuming certain fishery and aquaculture 
products 

You are now more health conscious 

You have changed your diet 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

0 QU 

Q7 

Fishery and aquaculture products can be wild or farmed. Would you say that… 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 

You prefer wild products 

You prefer farmed products 

You have no preference  

You do not know if the products you buy or eat are wild or farmed  

It depends on the type of product  

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

EB89.3 QB6 TREND 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Q5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Q8 

When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following aspects are the most important 
for you? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX THREE ANSWERS) 

How easy and quick it is to prepare 

The origin of the product 

The product’s appearance (e.g. freshness, presentation)  

The cost of the product 

The brand or quality labels (e.g. PGI, PDO) 

The environmental, social or ethical impact  

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

EB89.3 QB10 TREND 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Q9 

Which  of  the  following  information  do  you  think  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  of  fresh,  frozen, 
smoked and dried fishery products? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

The name of the product and the species 

Whether it is a wild or farmed product 

The area of catch or production  

The fishing gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) used to catch the product 

Whether the product was previously frozen  

The “use by” or “best before” date 

The environmental impact  

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

NEW BASED ON EB89.3 QB13 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Q6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Q10 

Which  of  the  following  information  do  you  think  should  be  mentioned  on  the  label  of  tinned  or 
prepared products? 

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

The species that the product contains 

The area of catch or production (M) 

Whether the product used is wild or farmed 

The fishing gear (e.g. longlines, trawls) used to catch the product 

Where the plant that processed the product is located 

The environmental impact (N) 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

EB89.3 QB14 MODIFIED TREND (item 2 is modified, item 6 is new) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Q11 

Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for all fishery and aquaculture 
products?   

(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 

The date of catch or production (M) 

The port in which the product was landed 

The country where the ship that caught the product is registered 

Ethical information 

Social information  

Environmental information 

Information on the fisherman or fish farmer 

Other (SPONTANEOUS) 

None (SPONTANEOUS) 

DK/NA (SPONTANEOUS) 

1 QU 

EB89.3 QB15 MODIFIED TREND (item 1 is modified) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Q7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

Tables 

QD1.1

How frequently do you …
Eat fishery or aquaculture products at home (%)

r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

-3
4
-7
1
1
1
-2
2
2
0
-2
1
6
2
1
1
2
-2
1
4
2
1
12
3
1
2
2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

5

3
9
3
4
6
3
2
5
3
3
5
4
8
5
7
3
14
2
4
9
6
2
21
8
13
5
3

r
e
v
e
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-1

-2
0
-13
0
-4
0
-16
-1
0
2
-2
4
5
-4
-3
-1
-1
4
-1
3
1
-4
-2
-7
-6
0
1

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

11

6
14
4
5
10
5
8
3
4
12
7
17
10
4
4
9
25
19
9
26
12
2
13
11
12
6
6

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

1

0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-8

11
-9
13
-9
-3
-14
13
-9
-19
-8
1
-2
-15
-11
1
-6
-1
-21
-6
-9
-11
6
-12
3
-4
-16
-17

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

33

42
9
27
44
27
37
56
41
55
42
27
29
31
30
32
44
4
25
43
13
14
65
8
23
11
38
48

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

-2
-7
10
3
-1
9
6
2
9
2
0
-6
-7
2
-7
2
-6
7
1
-1
-3
-7
-8
2
-1
5
9

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

31

32
33
43
33
34
43
24
35
27
26
36
32
26
38
37
30
17
32
29
30
36
21
27
36
29
35
31

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
r
a
e
y
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

5

-4
12
-3
5
6
4
-1
6
7
4
3
3
11
11
8
4
6
9
5
3
10
4
9
-1
10
9
5

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

19

17
34
23
14
22
12
10
16
10
17
25
17
25
23
20
14
40
19
15
22
31
10
30
22
34
16
12

T1 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD1.1

How frequently do you …
Eat fishery or aquaculture products at home (%)

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-6

9
-16
23
-6
-4
-5
19
-7
-10
-6
1
-8
-22
-9
-6
-4
-7
-14
-5
-10
-14
-1
-20
5
-5
-11
-8

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

35

26
57
30
23
38
20
20
24
17
32
37
38
43
32
31
26
79
40
28
57
49
14
64
41
59
27
21

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

5

-9
16
-23
6
3
5
-19
7
9
6
-1
8
22
9
6
4
7
11
5
10
13
1
19
-5
5
11
8

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

64

74
42
70
77
61
80
80
76
82
68
63
61
57
68
69
74
21
57
72
43
50
86
35
59
40
73
79

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-8

11
-9
13
-9
-3
-14
13
-9
-19
-8
1
-2
-15
-11
1
-6
-1
-21
-6
-9
-11
6
-12
3
-4
-16
-17

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

66

58
90
73
56
72
63
44
59
44
58
73
70
69
70
68
56
96
72
57
87
85
35
91
77
88
62
52

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

33

42
9
27
44
27
37
56
41
55
42
27
29
31
30
32
44
4
25
43
13
14
65
8
23
11
38
48

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

7

-11
9
-13
9
2
14
-13
9
18
8
-1
2
15
11
-1
6
1
18
6
9
10
-6
11
-3
4
16
17

T2 

r
e
v
e
N

r
o
r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

0

-5
4
-20
1
-3
1
-18
1
2
2
-4
5
11
-2
-2
0
1
2
0
7
3
-3
10
-4
-5
2
3

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

16

9
23
7
9
16
8
10
8
7
15
12
21
18
9
11
12
39
21
13
35
18
4
34
19
25
11
9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD1.2

How frequently do you …
Eat fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food outlets (canteens, bars, market stands
etc.) (%)

r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

7

3
8
4
15
7
10
4
8
10
4
3
6
5
20
17
5
0
-1
8
8
7
-2
11
10
10
12
12

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

21

18
26
26
29
22
21
15
33
20
16
21
19
19
31
30
12
19
11
18
20
25
10
30
23
26
29
25

r
e
v
e
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

-3
4
-23
-4
2
-17
-18
-1
3
7
-7
7
5
-26
-31
-5
-4
-2
0
6
-1
-6
-8
-10
-9
-4
2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

27

12
34
16
14
30
16
13
15
19
34
32
26
22
23
19
12
45
25
18
35
35
8
34
22
29
13
13

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

1

0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
4
1
3
1
0
2
0
2
0
0

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-4

-2
-5
2
-5
1
-7
-3
3
-12
-4
-2
-5
-8
-4
0
-3
1
-9
0
-4
-2
5
-3
-1
-3
-9
-13

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

14

19
10
17
12
11
16
19
12
21
13
14
15
19
13
15
24
7
21
19
11
11
26
10
15
11
15
14

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-7

-4
-8
4
-8
-7
-4
0
-6
-4
-10
-2
-10
-11
-3
1
-10
-2
-7
-6
-9
-7
-3
-5
-2
-5
-7
-14

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

7

7
2
4
7
4
4
12
7
11
10
5
5
3
5
6
16
2
7
8
3
3
23
2
5
3
6
7

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
r
a
e
y
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

6
1
13
2
-5
18
17
-4
3
-1
8
2
8
13
13
13
4
15
-2
-4
3
6
4
3
5
8
13

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

30

44
26
37
38
31
43
41
33
29
23
28
34
36
28
30
36
26
32
36
28
25
33
22
35
29
37
41

T3 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD1.2

How frequently do you …
Eat fishery or aquaculture products at restaurants and other food outlets (canteens, bars, market 
stands etc.) (%)

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-11

-6
-13
6
-13
-6
-11
-3
-3
-16
-14
-4
-15
-19
-7
1
-13
-1
-16
-6
-13
-9
2
-8
-3
-8
-16
-27

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

21

26
12
21
19
15
20
31
19
32
23
19
20
22
18
21
40
9
28
27
14
14
49
12
20
14
21
21

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

10

6
13
-6
13
4
11
3
3
16
10
4
15
18
7
-1
13
0
12
6
10
9
-2
7
3
6
16
27

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

78

74
86
79
81
83
80
69
81
68
73
81
79
77
82
79
60
90
68
72
83
85
51
86
80
84
79
79

r
o
r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

8

0
12
-19
11
9
-7
-14
7
13
11
-4
13
10
-6
-14
0
-4
-3
8
14
6
-8
3
0
1
8
14

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

48

30
60
42
43
52
37
28
48
39
50
53
45
41
54
49
24
64
36
36
55
60
18
64
45
55
42
38

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-4

-2
-5
2
-5
1
-7
-3
3
-12
-4
-2
-5
-8
-4
0
-3
1
-9
0
-4
-2
5
-3
-1
-3
-9
-13

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

7

7
2
4
7
4
4
12
7
11
10
5
5
3
5
6
16
2
7
8
3
3
23
2
5
3
6
7

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

92

93
96
96
93
94
96
88
93
89
86
95
94
96
95
94
84
97
89
91
94
96
77
96
95
95
94
93

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

3

2
5
-2
5
-3
7
3
-3
12
0
2
5
7
4
0
3
-2
5
0
1
2
-5
2
1
1
9
13

T4 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD1.3

How frequently do you …
Buy fishery or aquaculture products (%)

r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

-3
4
-6
2
2
2
-2
2
1
1
-2
1
3
2
2
1
1
-1
0
4
1
0
16
5
1
5
2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

6

3
11
4
6
7
4
3
6
3
4
6
5
7
6
8
3
14
3
3
10
8
2
23
10
12
9
5

r
e
v
e
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-2

-5
0
-16
-1
-5
-1
-17
-1
2
-1
-2
1
7
-5
-5
1
0
-2
0
-1
-3
-13
-3
-10
-8
3
0

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

14

6
16
4
7
12
7
9
5
9
15
8
21
13
7
7
12
33
23
14
27
12
5
16
14
13
13
8

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

1

0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-9

7
-8
10
-13
-3
-18
10
-11
-20
-5
1
-2
-10
-11
-1
-12
-1
-20
-6
-10
-10
4
-11
3
-4
-21
-18

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

1
-9
12
5
-1
12
10
3
11
1
3
-4
-7
3
-4
4
-6
9
0
1
-3
5
-10
1
-1
6
9

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

31

36
30
45
38
35
45
27
37
32
27
39
29
26
38
39
33
14
32
27
30
32
30
24
34
29
36
40

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

27

34
7
21
31
22
29
50
34
46
38
23
25
31
23
25
36
2
19
38
8
11
51
6
18
8
25
30

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
r
a
e
y
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

7

0
13
0
7
7
5
0
7
6
5
0
3
7
11
8
6
5
11
6
5
15
5
8
1
11
7
7

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

21

21
34
26
18
23
15
11
18
10
16
24
18
23
26
21
16
36
20
18
24
36
12
30
24
37
17
17

T5 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD1.3

How frequently do you …
Buy fishery or aquaculture products (%)

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

r
o
r
a
e
y
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-7

8
-17
22
-8
-4
-6
20
-8
-9
-4
4
-6
-17
-8
-5
-8
-7
-11
-6
-9
-13
9
-21
4
-5
-15
-9

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

6

-8
17
-22
8
4
6
-19
8
9
5
-4
5
17
8
5
8
6
8
6
8
13
-8
21
-4
4
15
9

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

20

9
27
8
13
19
11
12
11
12
19
14
26
20
13
15
15
47
26
17
37
20
7
39
24
25
22
13

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-1

-8
4
-22
1
-3
1
-19
1
3
0
-4
2
10
-3
-3
2
1
-3
0
3
-2
-13
13
-5
-7
8
2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

41

30
61
34
31
42
26
23
29
22
35
38
44
43
39
36
31
83
46
35
61
56
19
69
48
62
39
30

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

58

70
37
66
69
57
74
77
71
78
65
62
54
57
61
64
69
16
51
65
38
43
81
30
52
37
61
70

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-9

7
-8
10
-13
-3
-18
10
-11
-20
-5
1
-2
-10
-11
-1
-12
-1
-20
-6
-10
-10
4
-11
3
-4
-21
-18

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

72

66
91
79
69
77
71
50
66
54
62
77
73
69
77
75
64
97
78
62
91
88
49
93
82
91
75
70

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

27

34
7
21
31
22
29
50
34
46
38
23
25
31
23
25
36
2
19
38
8
11
51
6
18
8
25
30

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

8

-7
8
-10
13
3
18
-9
11
20
6
-1
1
10
11
1
12
0
17
6
9
10
-3
11
-3
3
21
18

T6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD1T

How frequently do you…
(%)

e
r
u
t
l
u
c
a
u
q
a

r
o
y
r
e
h
s
i
f

t
a
E

a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
a

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

h
t
n
o
m

e
r
u
t
l
u
c
a
u
q
a

r
o
y
r
e
h
s
i
f

y
u
B

a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
a

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

h
t
n
o
m

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-7

8
-17
22
-9
-4
-6
18
-9
-10
-4
4
-6
-18
-8
-4
-8
-6
-11
-6
-8
-13
9
-21
4
-5
-15
-9

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

58

70
37
66
69
57
74
76
70
78
65
62
54
57
61
65
69
17
51
65
38
43
81
30
52
37
61
70

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-7

5
-17
23
-7
-5
-5
18
-7
-7
-6
1
-10
-20
-9
-4
-7
-8
-13
-4
-13
-12
1
-20
6
-4
-9
-8

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

65

75
44
72
78
62
81
81
77
85
70
65
62
60
69
72
75
23
60
74
46
54
88
38
62
43
76
81

T7 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD2

Which of the following are the main reasons why you never or almost never eat fishery or aquaculture products? (MULTIPLE
ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

r
o
s
e
g
r
e

i

l
l

l

a
e
p
m
a
x
e

r
o
f
(

)
s
l
a
t
e
m
y
b
n
o
i
t
a
n
m
a
t
n
o
c

i

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-1

-4
-8
-8
4
7
-9
3
-1
-3
-8
-3
-16
2
-5
4
-14
1
3
3
1
2
0
6
0
-2
-21
3

e
s
e
h
t
o
t
d
e
s
u
t
o
n
e
r
a
u
o
Y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

6

1
7
2
11
5
3
1
9
7
4
7
10
11
10
7
8
-2
29
-3
1
7
-2
-2
4
10
-4
7

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

22

12
28
31
24
15
29
15
26
18
21
39
28
46
44
37
18
22
34
11
13
18
34
26
33
34
22
9

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

r
e
t
t
e
b
s
i

t
i

i

k
n
h
t
d
n
a

s
n
r
e
c
n
o
c

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
s
e
h
t

t
a
e
o
t

t
o
n

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

5

-1
-6
8
8
13
19
15
6
-3
2
-1
3
-3
6
8
12
1
7
1
-4
3
1
5
1
1
11
-25

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

10

12
3
10
9
19
19
20
8
5
8
0
6
7
10
10
21
3
10
11
7
6
13
9
6
4
16
20

e
h
t

,

e
t
s
a
t
e
h
t
e
k

i
l

t
o
n
o
d
u
o
Y

f
o
e
c
n
a
r
a
e
p
p
a
e
h
t

r
o

l
l

e
m

s

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
s
e
h
t

o
t

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
o
o
t
e
r
a

y
e
h
T

l

e
p
m
a
x
e

r
o
f
(

t
a
e

r
o
e
r
a
p
e
r
p

)
l
l

e
h
s

r
o
s
e
n
o
b
g
n
i
v
o
m
e
r

e
v
i
s
n
e
p
x
e
o
o
t
e
r
a

y
e
h
T

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-9

10
-7
14
-17
-9
14
-17
-10
-16
10
9
-24
1
-13
-14
-15
-5
-1
0
1
-11
-23
-14
-16
-4
1
11

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

9

14
5
10
13
9
13
9
6
4
5
10
5
9
12
15
0
9
11
6
26
9
17
12
13
18
16
6

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

3

2
-3
-2
-3
6
7
-1
-8
4
-6
5
2
1
5
12
-7
4
9
3
13
-1
12
2
1
8
15
3

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

24

15
27
18
18
13
17
9
26
14
25
29
26
29
35
29
15
29
10
19
22
37
24
33
22
34
21
8

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

8

-20
2
-14
7
2
7
-3
9
9
4
-15
19
14
12
1
9
-4
9
10
1
10
-3
18
8
3
14
5

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

40

58
49
73
48
41
63
47
53
29
45
45
28
44
36
39
40
58
79
64
45
44
30
26
46
40
25
28

s
n
r
e
c
n
o
c
h
t
l
a
e
h
f
o
e
s
u
a
c
e
B

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

11

10
7
3
6
15
12
11
18
15
9
5
7
24
6
9
6
4
7
7
19
10
12
14
5
7
12
20

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD2

Which of the following are the main reasons why you never or almost never eat fishery or aquaculture products?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

n
a
g
e
v

r
o
n
a

i
r
a
t
e
g
e
v
e
r
a
u
o
Y

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-1

5
-1
3
4
5
4
27
6
-10
-1
2
-6
-6
5
8
8
1
3
-3
0
0
9
0
9
-1
23
-14

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

15

17
6
9
10
22
16
38
10
25
12
6
15
6
13
13
26
4
6
20
18
7
20
6
17
7
32
54

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
11
0
0
0
2
0

e
l
t
t
i
l

y
r
e
v

r
o
o
n
s
i

e
r
e
h
T

a
e
r
a

r
u
o
y
n

i

y
t
i
l
i

b
a

l
i

a
v
a

y
l

k
c
i
u
q
e
t
a
r
o
i
r
e
t
e
d
h
s
i

F

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

-12
7
-5
-10
2
-3
-2
-1
4
-1
7
6
5
5
-4
3
-2
-1
2
-1
4
-9
-3
1
6
-1
3

2

0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
3
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
2
3
2
0
0

-2

-1
-2
-1
-8
0
-8
-2
-9
1
1
-1
1
1
-3
-12
-1
-1
-3
-1
-8
-1
-3
-1
-3
-3
-9
0

2

0
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
2
4
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
2
1
0

-2

0
-1
0
1
-5
-4
-2
0
-2
3
0
0
0
0
-1
-3
-1
-3
-2
1
-2
-4
-1
1
0
-2
-1

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

-3
5
0
3
0
5
-4
1
0
-3
3
3
3
5
10
1
0
4
0
-2
2
-14
4
0
9
-1
1

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

5

3
7
2
4
2
6
4
1
2
1
11
7
6
6
11
1
4
4
0
5
6
19
14
6
14
3
1

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

9

4
10
0
7
11
6
6
2
4
5
12
13
5
9
10
3
4
2
4
17
9
9
11
7
15
3
3

T9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD3

Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months? (MULTIPLE
ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
e
e
r
t
s
a
t
A

a

,
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

t
e
k
r
a
m
a
n

i

l
l

a
t
s

s
’
r
e
g
n
o
m
h
s
i
f

e
r
o
t
s

t
s
i
l

a
i
c
e
p
s
a

r
o

l
l

a
h

,

e
r
o
t
s

y
r
e
c
o
r
g
e
h
t

t
A

t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
y
h
r
o
t
e
k
r
a
m
r
e
p
u
s

h
s
i
f
e
h
t

t
a

r
o
m
r
a
f
h
s
i
f
a
t
A

m
o
r
f

r
o
n
o
i
t
c
u
a
h
s
i
f

/
r
u
o
b
r
a
h

n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

0
-1
0
-2
0
-6
-3
-14
-3
3
4
1
0
4
3
-2
2
-6
2
2
5
1
-1
-1
-2
0
0

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

43

37
45
26
45
34
34
46
68
60
34
60
59
37
45
39
23
42
66
59
33
37
51
32
32
9
22
30

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

3
-13
-4
-6
-2
-7
11
3
-3
-3
2
-5
-1
-7
-4
-6
-1
-8
5
0
-1
3
-4
-6
-6
2
-2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

79

88
75
88
84
87
91
87
56
77
81
66
68
78
85
81
93
77
67
75
79
74
83
75
84
96
95
92

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

5
3
-1
6
2
0
7
4
9
-1
-3
8
9
7
-10
9
-3
21
1
-7
-1
-1
-1
8
3
-2
1

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

10

4
9
10
9
13
9
7
25
3
8
16
9
23
4
5
4
11
8
5
19
12
4
19
20
10
5
3

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

-2
-7
1
-3
2
-2
1
-6
1
1
1
3
-8
-6
-5
0
-2
-1
1
-3
-1
2
2
-1
-5
-1
-3

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

15

21
22
3
7
13
6
9
41
4
20
18
19
4
17
9
4
10
14
40
15
13
10
14
7
1
12
2

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

T10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD3

Where have you bought fishery products during the last 12 months?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

e
n

i
l

n
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-1

0
-1
-2
-2
-1
-2
0
-1
-2
-1
-1
0
-3
-1
-3
-2
-2
1
-1
-2
-1
-4
0
-2
-1
-3
-2

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0

2

2
0
4
9
1
4
3
1
0
1
1
1
0
4
6
1
1
2
4
5
2
1
1
2
1
3
3

1

-1
0
1
3
1
3
2
0
-1
1
0
0
0
3
6
0
0
1
2
2
1
1
0
2
-3
2
0

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

T11 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.1

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12
months?
Fresh products, including live (%)

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

7

0
4
0
0
17
0
0
0
2
7
4
4
6
0
0
0
7
1
15
20
4
0
4
4
5
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

0
2
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
1
0
4
0
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

59

62
46
42
52
35
48
65
85
89
66
72
74
80
49
61
68
36
81
50
42
47
84
69
63
38
70
45

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

38

38
52
58
48
56
52
35
15
11
32
27
25
20
51
39
32
64
19
49
55
51
16
30
37
58
30
55

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

35

36
18
16
25
13
21
43
49
70
42
41
50
52
22
39
46
12
49
25
18
20
69
29
33
14
37
19

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

62

64
80
84
75
78
79
57
51
30
56
58
49
48
78
61
54
88
51
74
79
78
31
70
67
82
63
81

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

11

10
3
4
7
2
5
15
11
34
14
7
12
20
7
12
14
3
15
4
4
4
32
6
9
3
9
6

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

21

22
14
11
17
10
16
25
35
31
25
32
35
29
13
20
27
8
30
20
13
15
22
22
20
9
26
11

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

24

26
28
26
27
22
27
22
36
19
24
31
24
28
27
22
22
24
32
25
24
27
15
40
30
24
33
26

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

3

4
1
1
1
1
0
3
3
5
3
2
3
3
2
7
5
1
4
1
1
1
15
1
4
2
2
2

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

31

38
48
58
48
39
52
35
15
9
25
23
21
14
51
39
32
57
18
34
35
47
16
26
33
53
30
55

T12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.2

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12
months?
Frozen products (%)

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

5

0
6
0
0
6
0
0
3
4
12
3
2
11
0
0
0
9
2
13
4
3
0
4
6
2
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2

0
3
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
2
2
0
1
0
2
0
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

62

61
45
49
53
62
50
69
54
74
52
72
74
69
54
74
53
38
74
45
68
57
91
61
55
57
63
78

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

36

39
52
51
47
36
50
31
45
25
45
27
25
30
46
26
47
61
26
53
30
41
9
38
45
41
37
22

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

28

28
12
14
18
20
12
34
20
46
27
30
40
35
20
38
26
11
41
11
21
21
69
20
20
18
22
40

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

70

72
85
86
82
78
88
66
79
53
70
69
59
64
80
62
74
88
59
87
77
77
31
79
80
80
78
60

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

8

11
2
3
4
3
2
10
5
16
9
5
10
12
5
13
9
4
12
1
3
3
38
5
5
5
5
11

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

19

16
10
11
14
16
10
22
14
28
17
25
29
20
14
22
16
6
28
10
17
17
28
14
14
13
16
28

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
2
1
0
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
3
1
1
0
1
1

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

34

33
33
35
35
42
38
35
34
28
25
42
34
34
34
36
27
27
33
34
47
36
22
41
35
39
41
38

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

31

39
46
51
47
30
50
31
42
21
33
24
23
19
46
26
47
52
24
40
26
38
9
34
39
39
37
22

T13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.3

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12
months?
Frozen raw fish (%)

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

11

0
8
0
0
14
0
0
19
11
18
9
14
31
0
0
0
16
19
24
15
5
0
7
9
4
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

0
5
0
0
5
0
0
3
5
6
4
3
1
0
0
0
2
3
3
5
1
0
2
1
5
0
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

47

43
46
39
29
44
39
44
34
57
38
54
48
45
41
61
38
30
41
29
45
56
70
57
43
46
40
63

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

50

57
49
61
71
51
61
56
63
38
56
42
49
54
59
39
62
68
56
68
50
43
30
41
56
49
60
37

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

20

17
14
10
7
13
9
19
12
31
17
21
23
20
12
26
17
9
20
9
14
20
48
20
13
11
14
27

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

77

83
81
90
93
82
91
81
85
64
77
75
74
79
88
74
83
89
77
88
81
79
52
78
86
84
86
73

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

5

3
1
2
2
2
1
4
2
11
5
3
5
5
3
8
6
3
5
2
3
3
21
4
2
2
3
5

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

14

13
13
8
5
10
8
15
9
19
12
18
17
15
9
17
11
5
15
6
10
16
26
16
10
9
10
22

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

27

26
32
29
22
31
30
25
22
26
21
33
25
25
29
35
21
21
21
20
31
36
22
37
30
35
26
36

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

39

57
41
61
71
37
61
56
44
27
38
33
35
23
59
39
62
52
37
44
35
38
30
34
47
45
60
37

T14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.4

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12
months?
Frozen prepared or processed fish (%)

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

11

0
15
0
0
10
0
0
14
18
21
6
9
32
0
0
0
12
4
18
7
9
1
6
9
2
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

0
5
0
0
4
0
1
3
4
8
2
3
2
0
0
0
2
1
3
6
4
0
3
1
2
0
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

46

38
32
41
43
51
48
54
28
49
33
57
55
42
42
61
36
33
64
34
56
44
64
53
41
52
52
44

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

51

62
63
59
57
45
52
45
69
47
59
41
42
56
58
39
64
65
35
63
38
52
36
44
58
46
48
56

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

18

12
9
10
13
14
13
22
9
25
16
22
27
15
12
24
12
11
28
9
20
15
39
19
12
12
15
15

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

79

88
86
90
87
82
87
77
88
71
76
76
70
83
88
76
88
87
71
88
74
81
61
78
87
86
85
85

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

4

2
1
3
4
2
4
4
2
8
4
3
8
3
3
8
3
3
4
1
2
1
15
3
2
2
3
3

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

13

10
8
7
9
11
9
18
6
16
12
18
18
12
9
15
9
7
24
8
17
13
23
15
10
10
11
12

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

28

26
23
31
30
37
35
32
19
24
17
35
28
27
30
37
24
22
36
25
36
29
25
34
29
40
37
29

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

40

62
48
59
57
35
52
45
55
29
38
35
33
24
58
39
64
53
31
45
31
43
35
38
49
44
48
56

T15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.5

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12
months?
Products that are smoked, salted, dried or in brine (%)

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

10

0
18
0
0
12
0
0
10
14
13
16
11
34
0
0
0
25
27
9
13
3
0
9
14
4
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3

0
4
0
0
4
0
0
2
4
5
6
3
3
0
0
0
4
3
1
5
1
0
4
0
3
0
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

44

52
25
37
65
45
64
56
23
43
36
32
47
30
65
72
51
23
33
47
46
58
62
43
31
51
49
33

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

53

48
71
63
35
51
36
44
75
53
59
62
50
67
35
28
49
73
64
52
49
41
38
53
69
46
51
67

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

16

15
6
8
28
12
26
22
8
20
13
15
20
14
24
37
19
10
14
13
14
21
31
16
12
18
16
9

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

81

85
90
92
72
84
74
78
90
76
82
79
77
83
76
63
81
86
83
86
81
78
69
80
88
79
84
91

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

4

2
2
1
10
2
7
5
2
5
4
6
5
2
7
12
7
2
4
3
3
4
12
4
3
4
4
2

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

11

12
4
7
15
9
18
16
5
14
9
9
14
11
16
21
12
7
10
10
10
16
17
11
8
13
11
6

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

1
0
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
4
0
1
0
0
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

28

37
19
29
37
33
38
34
15
23
23
17
27
16
41
35
32
13
19
34
32
37
31
27
19
33
33
24

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

43

48
53
63
35
39
36
44
65
39
46
46
39
33
35
28
49
48
37
43
36
38
38
44
55
42
51
67

T16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD4.6

How frequently have you eaten each of the following types of fishery and aquaculture products over the last 12
months?
Tinned products (%)

s
i
h
t
n
e
t
a
e

r
e
v
e
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

6

0
10
0
0
13
0
1
10
3
13
3
2
8
0
0
0
12
1
15
8
4
0
4
4
1
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2

0
3
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

59

40
32
60
66
47
51
53
31
86
49
72
83
72
63
60
46
47
87
35
56
53
79
53
70
75
53
34

r
o
h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

39

60
65
40
34
49
49
47
68
14
48
27
17
27
37
40
54
52
12
64
42
45
21
45
30
25
47
66

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
t
s
a
e

l

t
A

28

11
9
15
29
17
15
25
10
58
22
30
49
39
25
31
19
17
71
7
17
20
42
20
32
32
16
11

r
o
k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

r
e
v
e
N

70

89
88
85
71
79
85
75
89
42
75
69
51
60
75
69
81
82
28
92
81
78
58
78
68
68
84
89

k
e
e
w
a

s
e
m

i
t

l

a
r
e
v
e
S

7

2
1
3
11
2
4
6
2
21
6
8
12
8
7
12
7
4
24
1
3
3
12
4
7
7
3
3

k
e
e
w
a
e
c
n
O

20

9
7
12
16
15
11
17
8
35
16
21
36
30
18
16
12
12
46
6
13
16
28
15
24
24
12
8

y
a
d
y
r
e
v
E

1

0
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
1
1
1
0
3
0
1
1
0
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
i
w

t

r
o
e
c
n
O

31

29
23
45
37
30
36
28
21
28
27
42
34
33
38
29
27
30
16
28
39
33
37
33
38
43
37
23

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

h
t
n
o
m
a
e
c
n
o
n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

33

60
55
40
34
36
49
46
58
11
35
24
15
19
37
40
54
40
11
49
34
41
21
41
26
24
47
66

T17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.1

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your
consumption of ...
Fresh products, including live (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

12

11
17
18
8
13
18
13
12
11
9
12
13
7
20
12
13
9
8
8
18
10
15
13
11
13
7
11

1

0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
0
0

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

80

74
77
76
85
79
78
71
75
84
83
80
79
86
74
77
71
87
81
84
73
84
70
72
80
80
84
84

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

7

15
3
6
7
4
4
16
13
4
7
7
8
6
6
11
16
4
10
8
8
5
15
13
9
6
9
5

T18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.2

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your
consumption of ...
Frozen products (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

7

8
14
11
4
6
10
12
8
5
6
6
6
8
17
8
11
6
6
5
8
8
5
16
9
7
5
3

1

0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

84

79
82
78
92
85
80
73
85
87
85
85
83
84
77
80
79
88
86
89
84
87
70
72
84
86
86
87

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

8

13
1
11
4
7
10
15
7
7
6
8
10
7
6
12
10
5
8
6
8
5
25
9
7
6
9
10

T19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.3

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your
consumption of ...
Frozen raw fish (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

10

10
13
13
8
9
15
16
16
6
6
11
12
12
23
14
15
8
12
7
9
9
14
14
13
11
9
5

2

0
4
0
0
4
0
0
3
3
4
2
1
6
0
0
0
1
2
1
3
0
0
3
1
2
0
0

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

83

85
82
82
89
83
82
77
77
84
88
81
79
77
73
79
80
87
80
90
83
88
74
72
82
84
86
90

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

5

5
1
5
3
4
3
7
4
7
2
6
8
5
4
7
5
4
6
2
5
3
12
11
4
3
5
5

T20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.4

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your
consumption of ...
Frozen prepared or processed fish (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

9

12
15
13
7
7
13
14
13
5
7
9
10
10
24
13
16
6
9
6
8
9
10
15
13
9
9
6

2

0
4
0
0
2
0
0
3
4
4
2
1
6
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
3
0
1
0
0

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

84

83
79
83
90
86
84
78
81
85
86
84
81
78
73
80
79
89
84
90
84
85
79
75
84
87
84
92

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

5

5
2
4
3
5
3
8
3
6
3
5
8
6
3
7
4
5
6
3
7
5
11
7
3
3
7
2

T21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.5

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your
consumption of ...
Products that are smoked, salted, dried or in
brine (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

10

11
19
17
5
10
10
14
17
9
9
16
11
13
18
13
10
9
12
5
12
8
19
14
15
9
7
6

2

0
5
0
0
3
0
0
2
3
2
4
1
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
4
1
2
0
0

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

84

82
75
80
89
84
86
77
79
85
87
74
83
79
78
78
84
85
79
91
81
88
73
74
81
84
88
92

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

4

7
1
3
6
3
4
9
2
3
2
6
5
4
4
9
6
4
7
4
5
4
8
8
3
5
5
2

T22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD5.6

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has your
consumption of ...
Tinned products (%)

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

8

13
18
10
5
9
9
12
16
4
7
8
6
9
14
12
12
5
5
5
8
7
8
17
8
6
6
5

1

0
4
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
2
0
1
0
0

e
m
a
s
e
h
t

t
u
o
b
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

83

79
77
82
88
83
82
76
79
88
87
81
80
80
77
78
75
85
85
90
82
87
71
71
82
84
87
90

d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

8

8
1
8
7
6
9
12
4
8
5
11
14
9
9
10
13
9
10
4
9
5
21
10
10
9
7
5

T23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD6a

Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products increased? 
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (%)

i

t
e
d
r
u
o
y
d
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

35

38
28
52
43
30
49
43
44
25
43
43
31
42
44
32
58
25
39
62
32
34
38
18
63
55
48
49

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

2

2
5
1
2
1
2
0
0
7
6
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
10
2
16
0
1
1
0
2
3
0

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

3

0
7
3
5
8
1
1
0
7
9
0
1
2
0
0
1
3
0
3
6
0
2
1
1
1
1
1

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1

0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0

w
o
n
e
r
a

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i

F

r
e
p
a
e
h
c

w
o
n
e
r
a

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i

F

n

i

l

e
b
a

l
i

a
v
a

i

l

y
e
d
w
e
r
o
m

s
e
r
o
t
s

o
d
u
o
y
e
r
e
h
w
d
e
g
n
a
h
c
u
o
Y

i

g
n
p
p
o
h
s
d
o
o
f

r
u
o
y

s
e
c
n
a
t
s

m
u
c
r
i
c

l

a
i
c
n
a
n
i
f

r
u
o
Y

d
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
v
a
h

h
t
l
a
e
h
e
r
o
m
w
o
n
e
r
a
u
o
Y

s
u
o
i
c
s
n
o
c

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

11

3
0
3
4
9
10
7
15
2
4
9
25
22
4
5
1
9
1
5
9
19
8
10
9
9
7
1

21

24
24
19
15
19
20
33
29
11
14
22
24
16
16
32
18
27
10
9
23
18
28
29
33
10
24
10

16

17
6
10
19
14
16
27
7
4
9
13
25
12
15
12
13
21
14
14
7
19
13
14
12
13
17
31

40

39
41
63
36
42
39
60
56
39
43
51
35
43
45
43
39
39
50
43
34
29
40
43
35
52
34
47

14

7
5
5
8
18
13
11
13
13
16
23
17
9
14
11
3
15
6
8
9
16
16
14
15
13
9
12

T24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD6b

Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products decreased?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

o
t

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
y

s
a
e
r
e
h
w
e
n

i
l

n
o
s
e

i
r
e
c
o
r
g
r
o
f
p
o
h
s
w
o
n
u
o
Y

n
o
s
r
e
p
n

i

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f

y
u
b

d
o
o
f

r
e
h
t
o
y
b
s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f
d
e
c
a
p
e
r
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

l

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

5

1
2
10
7
2
11
12
4
1
4
3
9
2
6
10
3
12
14
10
3
6
7
7
10
6
4
11

21

25
16
31
31
27
20
23
15
15
17
15
25
24
21
16
25
22
4
19
24
10
30
18
19
19
33
28

d
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
v
a
h
s
e
c
n
a
t
s

m
u
c
r
i
c

l

a
i
c
n
a
n
i
f

r
u
o
Y

25

19
30
22
17
12
22
12
41
33
26
34
36
47
26
29
7
27
18
11
14
23
15
45
19
22
13
12

i

g
n
p
p
o
h
s
d
o
o
f

r
u
o
y
o
d
u
o
y
e
r
e
h
w
d
e
g
n
a
h
c
u
o
Y

12

17
8
18
12
8
24
30
7
7
13
6
14
4
16
9
19
13
23
13
14
12
16
14
10
16
12
35

e
v
i
s
n
e
p
x
e
e
r
o
m
e
m
o
c
e
b
e
v
a
h
s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i

F

33

31
44
24
21
31
40
22
35
26
32
40
33
25
44
41
28
35
21
16
24
51
18
41
19
24
19
21

s
e
r
o
t
s
n

i

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f
d
n
i
f

t
o
n
n
a
c
u
o
Y

9

4
6
14
14
9
15
9
8
3
7
22
9
7
15
14
11
4
5
5
8
7
13
16
14
11
7
15

y
r
e
h
s
i
f

f
o
s
s
e
n
h
s
e
r
f
d
n
a

y
t
i
l

a
u
q
e
h
t
n

i

t
s
u
r
t

s
s
e

l

e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

l

e
b
a

l
i

a
v
a

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

16

26
22
18
14
17
20
17
18
9
13
33
19
21
20
23
19
17
9
2
20
13
17
19
21
22
14
12

T25 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD6b

Why has your consumption of
decreased? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

fishery or aquaculture products

i

t
e
d
r
u
o
y
d
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

16

18
16
16
20
21
20
18
15
11
11
14
16
32
20
15
25
21
32
38
14
12
27
12
23
22
18
19

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

3

2
1
0
1
4
0
0
4
8
8
0
1
2
0
0
0
4
3
7
12
0
1
1
5
3
1
0

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

3

3
2
2
1
7
0
1
4
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
0
7
0
2
0
1
1
1
1

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1

0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0

f
o
s
t
c
e
f
f
e

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
t

f
o
e
r
a
w
a
e
r
o
m
w
o
n
e
r
a
u
o
Y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
r
u
t
l
u
c
a
u
q
a
d
n
a

y
r
e
h
s
i
f
g
n
m
u
s
n
o
c

i

11

18
1
6
13
16
7
16
10
3
13
2
13
14
5
9
31
12
11
12
19
5
20
7
11
10
14
21

s
n
r
e
c
n
o
c
h
t
l
a
e
h
w
e
n
e
v
a
h
w
o
n
u
o
Y

13

3
17
9
5
13
2
6
12
10
15
25
14
24
6
14
5
1
21
8
25
14
22
22
10
8
7
7

T26 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD6c

Why has your consumption of fishery or aquaculture products
changed? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

o
t

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
y

s
a
e
r
e
h
w
e
n

i
l

n
o
s
e

i
r
e
c
o
r
g
r
o
f
p
o
h
s
w
o
n
u
o
Y

n
o
s
r
e
p
n

i

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f
n
a
t
r
e
c

i

y
u
b

7

3
0
4
10
2
25
8
5
3
5
6
6
4
10
15
12
8
22
17
14
19
11
14
7
9
11
13

d
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
v
a
h
s
e
c
n
a
t
s

m
u
c
r
i
c

l

a
i
c
n
a
n
i
f

r
u
o
Y

24

26
34
15
13
22
11
18
31
21
22
32
34
27
24
24
18
15
19
6
21
21
21
33
26
22
13
18

e
v
i
s
n
e
p
x
e
e
r
o
m
e
m
o
c
e
b
e
v
a
h
s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
m
o
S

28

27
50
19
20
29
25
22
30
16
24
34
42
41
30
30
20
24
9
17
17
27
28
27
34
25
20
12

i

n
a
t
r
e
c

f
o
s
s
e
n
h
s
e
r
f
d
n
a

y
t
i
l

a
u
q
e
h
t
n

i

t
s
u
r
t

s
s
e

l

e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

l

e
b
a

l
i

a
v
a

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f

16

11
21
14
14
18
18
14
25
8
10
33
25
47
10
25
16
27
8
5
32
13
13
16
16
16
3
8

i

g
n
p
p
o
h
s
d
o
o
f

r
u
o
y
o
d
u
o
y
e
r
e
h
w
d
e
g
n
a
h
c
u
o
Y

19

21
15
33
35
18
27
34
9
4
13
22
25
0
25
16
17
27
14
32
31
5
16
18
13
18
28
44

s
e
r
o
t
s
n

i

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
y
r
e
h
s
i
f
n
a
t
r
e
c
d
n
i
f

i

t
o
n
n
a
c
u
o
Y

15

17
14
17
14
20
27
22
10
1
18
31
15
13
21
16
24
20
14
10
25
8
20
11
22
17
6
9

T27 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD6c

Why has your consumption of
changed? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

fishery or aquaculture products

f
o
s
t
c
e
f
f
e

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
t

f
o
e
r
a
w
a
e
r
o
m
w
o
n
e
r
a
u
o
Y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
r
u
t
l
u
c
a
u
q
a
d
n
a

i

y
r
e
h
s
i
f
n
a
t
r
e
c
g
n
m
u
s
n
o
c

i

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

19

23
4
12
13
26
6
29
16
3
24
14
15
5
5
18
31
15
20
26
32
20
28
14
21
5
16
21

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

1

0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

1

0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

0

0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0

i

t
e
d
r
u
o
y
d
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

27

28
11
30
32
19
32
29
37
27
33
15
20
56
31
25
36
38
31
60
30
18
27
18
39
46
30
39

s
u
o
i
c
s
n
o
c
h
t
l
a
e
h
e
r
o
m
w
o
n
e
r
a
u
o
Y

34

36
20
40
28
33
20
45
43
42
39
27
27
55
31
34
34
14
34
50
40
15
40
36
21
35
23
18

T28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD7

Fishery and aquaculture products can be wild or farmed. Would you say that…
(%)

e
c
n
e
r
e
f
e
r
p
o
n
e
v
a
h
u
o
Y

e
h
t

f
i

w
o
n
k
t
o
n
o
d
u
o
Y

e
r
a
t
a
e

r
o
y
u
b
u
o
y

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w

f
o
e
p
y
t
e
h
t
n
o
s
d
n
e
p
e
d
t
I

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-2

-13
8
-4
0
-4
-7
-11
3
-1
8
-3
-2
15
11
-9
-6
1
5
5
5
0
-1
-9
-4
3
5
4

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

4

13
1
1
12
1
11
10
2
5
-1
3
2
-1
12
9
8
-1
11
-2
3
9
-8
16
7
0
6
3

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

4

13
-5
2
8
9
3
11
6
-1
6
8
3
-13
0
5
3
1
3
3
-3
-6
8
-1
4
-2
1
2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

16

21
14
20
16
17
15
18
15
8
12
17
24
5
20
15
18
15
11
16
15
14
20
7
14
14
15
22

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

15

29
22
35
25
14
25
17
6
15
12
14
12
4
28
21
19
15
14
16
20
15
12
24
14
20
15
14

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

0

0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d

l
i

w

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-3

-7
-2
2
-17
-1
-6
-7
-9
-1
-10
-3
-1
2
-18
-4
-1
-2
-16
-7
-6
0
0
-5
-5
1
-7
-2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

32

23
20
21
31
31
27
36
53
37
40
34
32
52
25
28
38
23
46
22
22
22
48
22
31
20
31
32

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
d
e
m
r
a
f

r
e
f
e
r
p
u
o
Y

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-2

-6
-1
0
-1
-3
-1
-3
-2
-3
-2
-5
-1
-4
-3
-1
-5
0
-3
2
2
-1
1
-2
-1
-1
-4
-5

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

7

5
4
6
2
8
2
4
4
4
6
10
7
2
4
9
5
14
4
11
13
12
6
10
7
5
2
4

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

30

22
39
18
26
30
31
25
22
35
30
25
25
36
23
27
19
32
25
35
29
36
14
36
34
41
37
28

T29 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD8

When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following aspects are the
most important for you? (MAX. 3 ANSWERS)
(%)

.

.

g
e
(
e
c
n
a
r
a
e
p
p
a

s
’
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
T

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

58

57
66
62
60
46
78
58
73
65
57
55
67
77
67
73
53
46
78
66
53
54
77
60
59
49
48
35

)
n
o
i
t
a
t
n
e
s
e
r
p

,
s
s
e
n
h
s
e
r
f

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-1

4
2
-8
-6
0
-3
10
-8
0
-6
6
4
-3
-7
-5
-12
-14
8
6
0
-5
-4
-4
-6
-4
-17
-9

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
o
t
s
o
c
e
h
T

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

5
1
-12
8
-1
-1
7
-10
7
10
-6
0
-6
6
-6
10
2
15
6
-2
1
-10
-11
3
-7
4
7

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

54

60
69
52
49
40
71
54
68
63
59
64
51
58
73
66
39
66
58
52
46
59
60
46
52
66
57
46

o
t

s
i

t
i

k
c
i
u
q
d
n
a

y
s
a
e
w
o
H

e
r
a
p
e
r
p

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

3
4
-8
2
4
10
-3
-3
1
1
10
3
2
10
12
1
5
6
4
-2
1
2
1
4
-3
2
-1

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

24

29
22
26
29
24
33
36
11
21
23
26
27
13
31
32
17
31
36
34
26
23
15
22
23
26
36
15

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

i

f
o
n
g
i
r
o
e
h
T

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

8

9
-1
15
-2
10
12
7
6
1
9
6
-1
11
4
10
18
-1
2
11
-1
4
14
-1
3
4
3
12

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

49

40
37
43
29
53
42
46
67
40
60
53
55
52
37
32
57
44
30
35
51
37
54
38
55
42
62
54

T30 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD8

When you buy fishery and aquaculture products, which of the following aspects are the most
important for you? (MAX. 3 ANSWERS)
(%)

s
l
e
b
a

l

y
t
i
l

a
u
q
r
o
d
n
a
r
b
e
h
T

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

26

28
13
17
24
46
10
15
19
11
26
17
28
22
7
7
32
26
11
34
40
12
17
19
21
14
11
53

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

)

O
D
P

,
I

G
P

.

.

g
e
(

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

3

8
-4
4
0
8
0
-10
3
-3
-1
4
6
11
-6
-8
-1
-6
-9
8
0
-2
-4
-3
8
3
-1
7

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

16

23
6
8
22
24
8
30
10
8
17
10
13
10
5
7
32
7
15
27
20
11
20
13
13
9
20
33

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

r
o

l

a
i
c
o
s

,
l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
c
i
h
t
e

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-1

-1
0
-1
-3
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
0
-2
-2
-2
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1

0

0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0

-1

0
-1
-1
-1
-2
0
-1
0
-1
0
0
0
-1
0
0
-1
0
0
-2
0
-2
0
-1
1
1
0
-1

-1

3
-5
5
3
-1
4
14
3
-2
-3
0
3
0
2
3
10
0
2
-5
-3
3
15
8
5
4
2
-14

T31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD9

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of fresh, frozen,
smoked and dried fishery products?  (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

d
n
a
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

f
o
e
m
a
n
e
h
T

s
e
i
c
e
p
s
e
h
t

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w
a

s
i

t
i

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
a
e
r
a
e
h
T

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

57

59
58
70
59
64
66
62
62
50
57
46
46
57
53
46
56
61
64
76
62
54
52
50
51
57
65
60

53

62
22
62
65
59
60
75
68
43
61
45
52
65
46
56
73
35
52
68
48
31
71
30
53
39
57
73

49

54
26
57
50
55
58
59
72
41
50
44
50
44
42
49
66
39
31
50
50
36
63
31
58
40
67
69

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

,
s
e
n

i
l

g
n
o

l

.

.

g
e
(

i

r
a
e
g
g
n
h
s
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f
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h
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e
h
t
h
c
t
a
c
o
t
d
e
s
u
)
s
l
w
a
r
t

t
c
u
d
o
r
p

s
a
w

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

n
e
z
o
r
f

y
l
s
u
o
i
v
e
r
p

”
e
r
o
f
e
b
t
s
e
b
“

r
o
”
y
b
e
s
u
“
e
h
T

e
t
a
d

24

21
4
24
27
35
8
29
22
24
28
8
23
11
5
10
33
14
10
23
31
15
24
14
10
7
22
39

49

57
42
51
54
38
57
62
57
54
54
48
57
54
52
52
60
30
44
46
36
43
56
37
53
38
58
51

69

79
80
84
80
75
89
81
78
72
57
73
59
78
81
75
67
65
77
86
73
57
79
66
72
71
85
79

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

31

44
9
21
36
35
16
44
24
34
37
14
26
25
11
15
44
16
22
42
34
19
47
17
21
19
30
51

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1

1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0

T32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD10

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of
tinned or prepared products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

h
c
t
a
c
o
t
d
e
s
u
)
s
l
w
a
r
t

,
s
e
n

i
l

g
n
o

l

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

0

5
-2
6
8
3
2
13
2
2
-4
0
3
-1
-1
4
-1
4
-9
-8
1
2
13
2
2
3
2
0

.

.

g
e
(

i

r
a
e
g
g
n
h
s
i
f
e
h
T

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

25

22
7
24
27
37
7
32
25
24
26
9
24
12
6
11
31
14
14
23
30
16
22
16
10
8
23
37

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

t
a
h
t

s
e
i
c
e
p
s
e
h
T

i

s
n
a
t
n
o
c

r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
a
e
r
a
e
h
T

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

s
i

d
e
s
u
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

r
e
h
t
e
h
W

d
e
m
r
a
f

r
o
d

l
i

w

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

10
2
4
0
-3
9
16
4
6
-1
5
2
-3
4
4
-2
-5
-3
2
-7
-5
4
-8
0
-10
-1
0

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

-16

-14
-30
-11
-21
-12
-9
-8
-4
-16
-28
-17
-17
-17
-15
-4
-11
-17
-31
-18
-22
-16
-16
-30
-9
-23
-23
-5

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1

11
-5
21
3
7
18
15
-5
-3
-12
0
1
-1
6
14
14
-5
-7
5
-1
-5
1
6
3
14
3
0

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

54

61
31
56
57
58
55
73
65
48
55
48
57
59
51
53
72
35
56
67
51
37
65
46
54
45
54
65

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

52

49
37
61
52
52
59
56
74
49
46
58
58
52
45
49
61
55
38
52
49
46
56
31
60
44
65
76

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

66

76
63
80
76
66
86
75
74
63
65
56
60
73
63
76
66
62
70
82
64
59
71
51
65
63
78
78

T33 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD10

Which of the following information do you think should be mentioned on the label of tinned or
prepared products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

t
a
h
t

l

t
n
a
p
e
h
t
e
r
e
h
W

s
i

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
d
e
s
s
e
c
o
r
p

d
e
t
a
c
o

l

t
c
a
p
m

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
e
e
h
T

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

8

19
3
21
14
6
21
24
10
6
5
14
11
2
16
16
12
1
-2
4
1
-1
23
-1
12
7
19
6

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

37

48
16
24
43
39
20
54
33
42
42
21
33
35
14
21
45
23
32
47
38
25
53
23
27
25
39
52

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

46

52
36
61
54
52
61
64
53
34
44
41
50
28
67
45
51
39
36
43
50
32
49
43
49
42
60
57

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

0

0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-2

-2
-1
-2
-3
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
-1
0
0
-2
-2
-3
-3
-1
-5
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-4
-5
-1
-2

1

0
3
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
1
4
0
0

-2

0
2
-1
-2
-3
-4
-1
-1
-2
1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-4
-1
0
1
0
0
-1
-2
-1
-3
3
-1
-3

37

48
16
24
43
39
20
54
33
42
42
21
33
35
14
21
45
23
32
47
38
25
53
23
27
25
39
52

T34 

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

2

0
4
0
1
3
0
1
0
3
4
1
0
1
0
0
3
3
2
1
1
2
0
1
0
2
0
0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD11

Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for all fishery and aquaculture
products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
c
i
h
t
E

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

12
4
11
0
1
9
19
6
10
2
-5
6
1
0
7
1
-6
-5
1
-2
5
19
0
7
4
0
-8

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

26

37
22
25
28
25
23
47
25
25
30
13
29
22
8
16
37
12
28
32
28
20
32
24
21
21
33
38

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
i
c
o
S

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

3

7
1
-3
-1
4
2
2
0
7
3
0
5
10
2
6
5
-2
1
-2
5
4
8
-2
1
-1
-2
-2

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

20

22
16
10
12
22
10
20
18
24
20
15
25
21
9
15
25
15
26
17
25
17
20
20
14
13
8
18

r
o
h
c
t
a
c

f
o
e
t
a
d
e
h
T

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

0

7
2
2
-4
-1
7
8
3
-2
-5
-2
0
-9
-4
1
3
-7
2
2
-2
-5
2
-3
-1
2
1
4

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

76

82
82
88
82
74
92
82
93
77
70
79
77
79
80
80
78
71
71
83
72
67
89
63
85
76
89
82

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

26

23
12
16
25
26
19
47
24
28
30
15
31
16
11
13
29
20
26
17
31
23
17
22
18
20
13
31

i

p
h
s
e
h
t
e
r
e
h
w
y
r
t
n
u
o
c
e
h
T

s
i

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t

t
h
g
u
a
c
t
a
h
t

d
e
r
e
t
s
i
g
e
r

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

3

1
-6
-2
9
2
5
16
-2
9
-2
10
6
-4
5
8
3
-3
2
6
0
6
5
1
6
0
8
10

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

33

29
23
26
34
33
19
55
43
32
39
27
37
20
19
30
37
35
33
31
39
24
34
23
25
30
30
43

t
c
u
d
o
r
p
e
h
t
h
c
i
h
w
n

i

t
r
o
p
e
h
T

d
e
d
n
a

l

s
a
w

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

2

1
-4
-3
1
3
6
15
-4
5
-2
-2
0
1
2
5
4
2
0
0
-2
5
-3
1
1
0
-5
2

T35 

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 515 
EU Consumer Habits Regarding Fishery and Aquaculture Products 

QD11

Which of the following do you think should be mentioned on the label for all fishery and
aquaculture products? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

l

a
t
n
e
m
n
o
r
i
v
n
E

n
a
m
r
e
h
s
i
f
e
h
t
n
o
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

I

r
e
m
r
a
f
h
s
i
f

r
o

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

r
e
h
t
O

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(
e
n
o
N

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

5

7
-12
15
6
8
8
22
5
11
4
-3
8
8
1
7
7
-2
-4
2
-8
0
38
-8
8
7
-2
-5

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

33

33
21
27
28
38
52
36
37
23
32
45
43
14
54
35
42
32
19
32
49
26
29
17
32
22
46
34

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

44

51
20
29
53
50
28
59
44
44
46
36
43
51
22
25
54
31
44
59
40
28
67
31
38
28
43
63

EU27

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

-

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

.
f
f
i

D

8
1
0
2
y
l
u
J
/
e
n
u
J

0

0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-2

-2
-2
-4
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
0
-1
-1
-1
-2
-5
-1
-4
-3
-2
-3
-2
-3
-3
-6
-1
-2

1

0
1
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
3
0
0

-2

-1
0
-2
-1
-5
-6
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
-3
-4
-5
-2
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
1
-1
-4

5

9
-5
9
3
8
25
12
-4
4
3
13
1
-1
19
18
12
6
-9
4
5
0
9
-3
7
7
1
6

T36 

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

1
2
0
2

l
i
r
p
A
/
h
c
r
a
M

2

1
4
1
1
3
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
0
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Eurobarometer 500 
Future of Europe