Supporting the design and implementation of a regional energy strategy : ELISE energy and location applications : final report.
Date: 2021-07-21
Institutions: Joint Research Centre
Subjects: EU Member State, EU competence, EU energy policy, EU industrial policy, EU programme, EU regional policy, Internet site, building industry, common transport policy, communications policy, data processing, database, energy efficiency, investment, public service, research report, social media, telephone

Supporting the design and 
implementation of a regional energy 
strategy 

ELISE Energy and Location 
Applications 
Final Report 

Hernandez-Moral, G., Vallejo-Ortega, E., Ramos-
Díez, I., Ferreras-Alonso, N., Serna-González, V., 
Valmaseda, C. (CARTIF) 

Martirano, G., Pignatelli, F., Vinci, F., (JRC) 

2021 

EUR 30774 EN 

This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It 
aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a 
policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is 
responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used 
in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The 
designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part 
of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation 
of its frontiers or boundaries. 

Contact information 
Name: Francesco 
Address: Pignatelli 
Email: Francesco.PIGNATELLI@ec.europa.eu 
Tel.: +39. 033278-6319 

EU Science Hub 
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc 

JRC124886 

EUR 30774 EN

PDF 

ISBN 978-92-76-40354-8 

ISSN 1831-9424 

doi:10.2760/300138 

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 

© European Union, 2021 

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How to cite this report: Hernandez-Moral, G., Vallejo-Ortega, E., Ramos-Díez, I., Ferreras-Alonso, N., Serna-González, V., Valmaseda, C., 
Martirano, G., Pignatelli, F., Vinci, F. ELISE Energy & Location Applications: Use Case “Supporting the design and implementation of a 
regional energy strategy” – Final Report , EUR 30774 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2021, ISBN 
978-92-79-40354-8, doi:10.2760/300138, JRC124886. 

Contents 

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 

Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

1 

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 

1.1 

Identification and description of information sources............................................................................................................................. 8 

1.1.1 

Committee of the Regions (CoR) ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 

1.1.2 

Projects related to regional planning ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 

1.1.3 

Publicly available data sources ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 

2  Division of powers in the energy field ............................................................................................................................................................................... 18 

3 

In-depth analysis of public data sources ........................................................................................................................................................................ 20 

3.1  Non-geospatial data sources ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 

3.1.1 

General statistical data .................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 

3.1.1.1 

Eurostat.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 

3.1.1.1.1 

Eurostat database ................................................................................................................................................................. 21 

3.1.1.1.2 

Eurostat data related to NUTS classification .............................................................................................. 23 

3.1.1.1.3 

Statistical Atlas ........................................................................................................................................................................ 24 

3.1.1.1.4 

Regions and Cities Illustrated ..................................................................................................................................... 25 

3.1.1.2 

FAOSTAT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26 

3.1.1.3 

EEA (European Environment Agency) .................................................................................................................................... 27 

3.1.1.4 

IEA (International Energy Agency) ............................................................................................................................................ 28 

3.1.1.5 

ESPON Database ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 

3.1.1.6 

ESPON Data Navigator ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31 

3.1.2 

Urban and Regional Data ............................................................................................................................................................................... 32 

3.1.2.2 

Urban Data Platform Plus (UDPplus) ..................................................................................................................................... 33 

3.1.2.2.1 

Dashboard ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 

3.1.2.2.2 

LUISA Territorial Modelling Platform ................................................................................................................... 36 

3.1.2.2.3 

StratBOARD .................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 

3.1.2.3 

Census data ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 

3.1.2.4 

Covenant of Mayors data: SECAPs........................................................................................................................................... 47 

3.1.3 

Building Stock Data .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 

3.1.3.1 

TABULA / EPISCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 

3.1.3.2 

Building Stock Observatory ............................................................................................................................................................. 51 

3.1.3.3 

ENTRANZE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 52 

3.1.3.4  DEEP database ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 53 

3.1.3.5  ODYSSEE / MURE ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 

i 

3.2  Geospatial data sources .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 

3.2.1 

Copernicus data ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 

3.2.2  OpenStreetMap ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62 

4  Characterisation of Castilla y León region and its Energy Efficiencystrategy ............................................................................ 64 

4.1  About the Castilla y León region................................................................................................................................................................................ 64 

4.2  About the Energy Efficiency Strategy and its development ........................................................................................................... 68 

4.2.1 

Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León context ....................................................................................................... 68 

4.2.2 

Steps followed in the Energy Efficiency Strategy definition ........................................................................................ 69 

5  Analysis and description of the current regional Energy Efficiency strategy (EEE-CyL-2020) ................................... 71 

5.1  Objective setting ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 

5.2  Sectors’ analysis and measures proposed ....................................................................................................................................................... 72 

5.2.1 

Industrial sector ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72 

5.2.2 

Building sector .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73 

5.2.3 

Transport sector ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 

5.2.4 

Public services (local entities) sector .................................................................................................................................................. 78 

5.2.5 

Administrative sector.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 80 

5.3  Monitoring indicators ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 81 

5.4  Other activities ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 82 

5.4.1 

Research in Energy Efficiency .................................................................................................................................................................... 82 

5.4.1.1 

The research context in Castilla y León region ............................................................................................................ 82 

5.4.1.2 

Financing R+D+i activities ................................................................................................................................................................ 88 

5.4.1.3 

R+D+ I Workforce ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 

5.4.1.4 

Legal framework ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 

5.4.1.5 

Research lines .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 93 

5.4.2 

Communication, dissemination and training ............................................................................................................................... 93 

5.4.2.1 

Communication and dissemination channels ................................................................................................................ 94 

5.4.2.1.1 

Web page (www.energia.jcyl.es) ............................................................................................................................... 94 

5.4.2.1.2 

Social media ................................................................................................................................................................................ 94 

5.4.2.1.3 

Mailing and telephone ....................................................................................................................................................... 94 

5.4.2.1.4 

Media: Radio, TV and press ........................................................................................................................................... 94 

5.4.2.2 

Journeys ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 95 

5.4.2.2.1 

EREN headquarters study visit .................................................................................................................................. 95 

5.4.2.2.2 

Training sessions for municipal staff ................................................................................................................. 95 

5.4.2.2.3 

Training days in the Universities.............................................................................................................................. 95 

5.4.2.2.4 

Information, dissemination and communication sessions with citizens ........................... 95 

5.4.2.2.5 

Awareness campaigns ....................................................................................................................................................... 95 

5.4.2.2.6 

Celebration of energy efficiency day in Castilla y León .................................................................... 95 

5.4.2.3  Dissemination material ....................................................................................................................................................................... 95 

ii 

 
5.4.2.4 

Articles publication in specialized magazines ............................................................................................................... 95 

5.4.2.5 

Awards for promoting a good energy use ........................................................................................................................ 96 

5.4.3 

Training ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 96 

5.4.3.1 

Specialised courses................................................................................................................................................................................. 96 

5.4.3.2 

Guidelines......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 

5.4.4 

International cooperation ............................................................................................................................................................................... 97 

5.5  Financing mechanisms ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 97 

5.5.1 

Total investment ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 

5.5.2 

Investments per sector ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 

5.6  Data sources used in the strategy definition ................................................................................................................................................ 99 

6  Spatial Planning challenge to support the energy transition .................................................................................................................... 103 

6.1 

Integrating energy aspects with spatial planning .................................................................................................................................. 103 

6.2  Spatial planning competences .................................................................................................................................................................................. 104 

7 

INSPIRE general objectives and data themes presentation ....................................................................................................................... 106 

7.1 

INSPIRE Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 106 

7.2 

INSPIRE themes....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 108 

7.3 

INSPIRE within this report ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 109 

8  Other open data to support regional energy strategies implementation ..................................................................................... 110 

9  Castilla y León region case study ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 114 

9.1 

INSPIRE Datasets to support CyL Regional Energy Strategy ....................................................................................................... 114 

9.2  Applications in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy .................................................................................................... 131 

9.2.1 

Energy use in buildings .................................................................................................................................................................................. 132 

9.2.1.1 

Spanish cadastral data .................................................................................................................................................................... 133 

9.2.1.2 

Cadastral data processing and enrichment ................................................................................................................. 137 

9.2.1.3 

Results achieved ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 137 

9.2.1.4 

Considerations for its replicability ......................................................................................................................................... 138 

9.2.2 

Transport ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 139 

9.2.2.1 

Location data used and enrichment .................................................................................................................................... 139 

9.2.2.2 

Results achieved ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 142 

9.2.2.3 

INSPIRE Transport Network possible contribution.................................................................................................. 143 

9.3  Additional examples ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 147 

9.3.1 

ENERGY GENERATION SITES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 147 

9.3.1.1 

Available energy generation sites datasets ................................................................................................................. 147 

9.3.1.2 

INSPIRE Production Facilities data model ...................................................................................................................... 152 

9.3.2 

Statiscial data......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 156 

9.3.2.1 

Examples of statistical data available in the Castilla y León region ................................................... 156 

9.3.2.1 

Harmonisation and interoperability of statistical data ..................................................................................... 157 

9.4  Energy Resources INSPIRE theme ......................................................................................................................................................................... 158 

iii 

 
10 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 163 

References .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 

List of abbreviations and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 174 

List of figures .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 177 

List of tables ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 180 

Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 184 

Annex 1. Energy competences in the EU ...................................................................................................................................................................... 184 

Annex 2. Eurostat regional data ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 206 

Annex 3: Dataset identification in the regional EE strategy (EEE-CyL-2020) .......................................................................... 216 

Industrial sector ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 216 

Building sector .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 220 

Transport sector .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 225 

Public services (local entities) sector ...................................................................................................................................................................... 229 

Administrative sector ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 234 

Monitoring indicators .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 237 

Annex 4. INSPIRE data themes description ................................................................................................................................................................ 244 

iv 

 
 
 
Acknowledgements 

The results presented in this report were achieved thanks to the close collaboration with the Energy Saving and 
Efficiency Department of the Energy Agency of Castilla y León region - EREN (Ente Público Regional de la Energía 
de Castilla y León, Spain), acting as use case partner in the execution of the reported activities. 

Special thanks to Lorena Hernández Quirós of JRC/B.6 for her thorough review and her very valuable comments 
and suggestions. 

Authors 

Gema Hernández-Moral, Estefanía Vallejo-Ortega, Iván Ramos-Díez, Noelia Ferreras-Alonso, Victor Iván Serna-
González, César Valmaseda (CARTIF Foundation, Valladolid, ES) 

Giacomo Martirano, Francesco Pignatelli, Fabio Vinci (JRC B.6, Ispra, IT) 

1 

Abstract 

The main problem addressed by this report is the lack of data and of documented data flows supporting the 
design and implementation of a regional energy strategy. The scarcity of existing documentation/best practices 
focusing on the role that geospatial data and technologies - particularly INSPIRE data - can play in the context 
of a regional energy strategy is also tackled. 

The report provides insights on three main aspects of the problem: 

—  It provides an overview of the territorial competences in the field of energy in the Member States (national 
vs regional), as well as a summary of the public data sources potentially relevant to a regional energy 
strategy; 

—  It presents a deep analysis of a real case  of regional energy strategy, consisting in the Regional Energy 

Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León (EEE-CyL-2020) in Spain; 

—  Based  on  the  previous analyses, it  explores  the  potential  of  harmonised  and  interoperable  geospatial 
data, including from the INSPIRE Directive,  to support the regional energy policy cycle in the European 
Union. 

A  key  message  is  that  creating  or  renewing  a  regional  energy  strategy  could  greatly  benefit  from  location 
interoperability.  Location  interoperability  can  facilitate  data  sharing  for  better  cross-sector  modelling, 
considering  the  potential  interlinkages  between  the  different  strategic  sectors  in  the  region  and  the 
implemented measures. This cross-sectoral modelling would allow capturing how changes occurring in a specific 
sector may impact other sectors. 

This  study  has  been  executed  in  the  frame  of  the  Energy  &  Location  Applications  of  the  ELISE  (European  Location 
Interoperability  Solutions  for  e-Government)  action  of  the  ISA2  (Interoperability  solutions  for  public  administrations, 
businesses and citizens) Programme. 

2 

Executive Summary 

The Digital Economy Unit of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), in cooperation with other 
services of the European Commission, is coordinating the “European Location Interoperability Solutions for e-
Government (ELISE)", Action 10 of the ISA2 (Interoperability Solutions for Public Administrations, Business and 
Citizens) Programme. 

The ISA2 Programme supports long-standing efforts to create a European Union free from electronic barriers at 
national borders. It facilitates interaction between European public administrations, businesses, and citizens to 
enable  interoperable  cross-border  and  cross-sector  public  services  and  ensure  the  availability  of  common 
framework and solutions. 

The ELISE action is a package of guidance and solutions facilitating efficient and effective electronic cross-
border or  cross-sector interactions  between European public administrations,  citizens  and businesses, in the 
domain of location information and services. 

The ELISE Energy & Location Applications consist of a series of use cases aiming to show how location data 
can support different stakeholders involved in the energy policy cycle at different geographical scales, ranging 
from local to European-wide level. 

This report focuses on the use case named “Supporting the design and implementation of a regional energy 
strategy”, investigating the role that geospatial data and technologies can play to support the design, 
implementation and monitoring of regional energy strategies. 

The main problem addressed by this use case is the lack of data and of documented data flows supporting the 
design and implementation of a regional energy strategy. More particularly, it focuses on the lack of existing 
documentation/best practices on the role that geospatial data and technologies can  play in the context of a 
regional energy strategy and the limited fitness-for-purpose of INSPIRE data. 

Several stakeholders would benefit from filling in such gaps: 

—  Regional energy agencies: 

o  achieving  efficiency  gains  in  the  business  processes  related  to  the  regional  energy  strategy 
lifecycle  (anticipation,  design,  implementation,  monitoring,  reporting,  reviewing),  deriving  from 
better data flows providing more information to support decision-makers, 

o 

increasing the effectiveness of the regional energy strategy, addressing more accurately specific 
local needs, and ultimately facilitating reaching the energy policy targets. 

—  National energy agencies, being facilitated in the implementation of energy policies at the national level, 
thanks to a better coordination of regional energy strategies based on the use of standardised data flows 
and harmonised geospatial data. 

—  Companies involved in the energy sector, increasing their growth opportunities by accessing geospatial 
data  contained  in  the  regional  energy  strategy  allowing  them  to  understand  specific  local  conditions, 
which can support their decisions to localise their business better. 

—  Citizens: 

o 

o 

receiving, transparently and easily, general knowledge on energy-related aspects upon which the 
actions within the energy strategy are founded and being empowered with enough knowledge to 
be able to comment on specific actions contained in the regional energy strategy, 

increasing  their  awareness  regarding  the  planned  actions  and  the  expected  effects  that  the 
regional  energy  strategy  has  in  their  region/area,  and  that  can  influence  their  decisions.  For 
example, where to buy a new house based on the plans to build a district heating network or a 
local grid, where the building stock needs more refurbishment, etc. 

The use case has been executed into three steps: 

—  Step  1,  Understanding  of  the  European  context,  aimed  to  provide  an  overview  of  the  territorial 
competences (national vs regional) in the field of energy in the EU Member States, and an overview of 
the public data sources potentially relevant to a regional energy strategy. 

3 

 
—  Step 2, Analysing a real case: Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy in Castilla y León region, 
ES, provides a deep analysis of the Spanish Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León (EEE-
CyL-2020). 

—  Step 3, INSPIRE potential to support regional energy planning in the EU, Based on the results of 
the two previous steps, exploring the potential of harmonised and interoperable geospatial data, primarily 
through but not limited to the INSPIRE Directive, to support the regional energy policy cycle in the EU. 

Each step helped drawing some interim conclusions. 

Step 1, Understading of the European context: 

—  Variety of data and access options: In analysing the selected data sources, it was observed that there 
is  a  vast  amount  of  available  data  from  statistical  offices  and  derived  from  Projects.  Similarly,  the 
accessibility options to these data are highly heterogeneous and sometimes not immediate (as in the 
case of Projects data). Additionally, the option to view data through cartographic visualisations in user-
friendly  websites  that  use  map  representation  is  available  in  several  data  sources.  However,  special 
efforts  should  be  placed  in  providing  data  in  formats  that  are  also  easy  to  process  (e.g.  CSV,  enable 
connections through API, etc.). 

—  Coverage and scale: whereas the geographical coverage of all datasets analysed was either European 
or international, the  scale  at  which  the  data  was  presented  was,  in  most  cases,  at  the  national  level. 
However, to support regional energy strategies, it is essential to count also on sub-national (regional or 
local) level datasets. Sub-national scales would allow establishing comparable methodologies among the 
Member States. Hence, data provided by Eurostat at the different NUTS levels is greatly beneficial. 

—  Supporting the modelling of other variables: some of the data analysed cannot be directly used to 
potentially support regional energy strategies but they can be leveraged to extract variables to calculate 
relevant indicators. This is the case of sources like Copernicus or OpenStreetMap. 

Step 2, Analysing a real case: Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy in Castilla y León region, ES: 

—  High  complexity  of  the  Castilla  y  León  regional  energy  efficiency  strategy:  regional  energy 
strategies entail a high complexity as they involve different sectors, as it has been confirmed by the in-
depth analysis of the Castilla y León one. Additionally it is necessary to comply with the energy objectives 
coming from the European Union (EPBD, EED, RED, etc.). Moreover, this progress needs to be reported at 
the national scale. As a consequence, counting on multi-scale quality data that can enhance the analysis 
of the status of the region at the appropriate scale and support the actions to be taken is fundamental. 

—  Essential role of objectives and monitoring: the objectives set from external sources (i.e. European 
Commission through its Directives) guide the implementation of the regional energy strategy. Based on 
this, a monitoring of the proposed actions is implemented to check  whether the objectives have been 
achieved or not. Two considerations should be highlighted in this field: 

o  Regarding  the  definition  of  the  objectives,  a  question  that  should  be  posed  is  whether  the 
objectives to comply at the regional level should be the same as at the ones at the national or 
European levels, or if they should be fine-tuned according to the regions’ characteristics. In the 
case of the Spanish Castilla y León region, they commit to comply at least with those coming from 
the European level. 

o  Monitoring  is  a  crucial  activity  that  helps  determining  whether  a  specific  action  has  had  the 
expected impact and  contributed to  achieving the established objective or not. To this end, the 
lines  of  action  and  the  specific  objectives  to  be  achieved  in  each  sector  (industrial,  building, 
transport, public services, administrative) have been presented. However, the way to measure the 
impact of each  of the actions (aspect not been explored  in this report) is  crucial to assure the 
success of the strategy. 

—  Lack of timely data: while identifying the required datasets, a lack of timely data was observed in some 
cases. Indeed, when using official statistical data sources, the date of publication of the data versus the 
timeframe covered in the data was extremely distant. The latter can result in decision-making processes 
based on potentially obsolete data. Thus, a balance between using updated data coming from reliable 
sources versus delayed official statistical data should be found. 

4 

 
—  No location data: the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León does not use geo-located data for 
implementation or monitoring purposes. Nevertheless, the scale of some of the data used as a basis in 
the energy efficiency strategy definition can cover the province level (NUTS 3), hence, covering the nine 
provinces in Castilla y León region. Thus, there is a great opportunity to explore how location data can 
support the development of regional energy strategies in Castilla y León. 

Step 3, INSPIRE potential to support regional energy planning in the EU: 

Harmonised  geospatial  data,  including  INSPIRE  data,  can  support  regional  energy  strategies  in  a  series  of 
applications related to different sectors impacted by the strategies themselves. 

However,  deepening  into  each  sector  (industrial,  building,  transport,  public  services,  administrative,  etc.)  to 
discover the relevant data sources is fundamental. Equally important is understanding how a sector is linked to 
another and the factors that affect their development, such as the economy, population, land use, etc. and the 
different indicators that contribute to characterise the region and have a clear impact on the development of 
the mentioned sector. 

To this end, a potential improvement to the Regional Energy Strategy of Castilla y León would be to represent 
the different sectors considered as strategic in an appropriate holistic framework modelling. Such modelling 
framework can help: 

1. 

representing the potential interlinkages between the different sectors and implemented measures;  

2.  capturing  how  changes  taking  place  in  a  specific  sector  impact  others  (e.g.  measures  related  to 

deployment of Renewable Energy Sources, indirectly affect other aspects such as land-use). 

In addition, the transversal sectors (e.g. economy, land use allocation, social and population) need to be reflected 
in the regional energy strategy to adequately project the variables of interest toward the future. The latter could 
help analysing better the needs and identifying additional issues that could arise and their potential solutions. 
For example, a better representation of the regions' economic development, population trends (also considering 
migration issues), land use availability and related opportunities can foster a more accurate strategic analysis 
of the region. At the  same time, it can allow finding better solutions adjusted to the particular state of the 
region. 

All in all, the use of INSPIRE data could play a key role when defining the holistic framework modelling since 
the main sectors analysed for the Castilla y Leon region are already covered by some INSPIRE data themes. 

The presented approach can help design a pan-European modelling framework to support any European 
region when developing or evaluating energy strategies. 

5 

 
 
1 

Introduction 

The ELISE Energy & Location Applications consist of a series of use cases aiming to show how location data 
can support different stakeholders engaged in the energy policies’ cycle at different geographical scales, from 
local up to EU level. 

In particular, one of the use  cases,  named  “Supporting the design and implementation of a regional energy 
strategy”, aimed to investigate the role that geospatial data and technologies can play to support the design, 
implementation and monitoring of a regional energy strategy. 

The use case has been executed in three steps, as can be seen in Figure 1 below. First (step 1, Understading 
the European context), the European context is provided, including an overview of the functioning of the EU 
in terms of energy competences. It also proposes an overview of public data sources potentially relevant to a 
regional energy strategy. 

The main objective of Step 1 is to explore the context found in Europe in the field of energy. This will be analysed 
from two perspectives. Firstly, by focusing on the administrative structure of the countries in the energy policy 
field, to understand how the regional level is considered, as an intermediate level between the national and the 
local level. This can influence what data is required and at which level (conditioning, thus, the level of granularity 
required).  Secondly,  by  analysing  publicly  available  data  sources  at  the  EU  level  that  can  support  the 
implementation of regional energy strategies. Due to the vast amount of data present, this document intends 
to present some of the most relevant data sources and covers a relevant set of categories that could potentially 
be used for regional energy strategies. However, it should be highlighted that this information is non-exhaustive. 

Secondly (step 2, Analysing a real case: Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy in Castilla y León region, 
ES), the Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León (in Spain) case is analysed. A realistic view of 
the challenges and data necessities is provided after a detailed study of its context, structure and sectors, and 
required datasets. 

The  main  objective  of  Step  2  is  to  delve  into  the  challenges  of  a  regional  energy  strategy,  in  particular  by 
observing their data needs. This document will focus on a real case, in particular, the Regional Energy Efficiency 
strategy in Castilla y León (EEE-CyL-2020) [103], developed by the Ente Regional de Castilla y León (regional 
energy agency in the region of Castilla y León). To this end, the region will be contextualised, and the strategy 
and all of the sectors it tackles will be analysed and described. 

Finally, in Step 3, INSPIRE potential to support regional energy planning in the EU, the two previous 
results are combined to explore the potential that INSPIRE harmonised data holds in supporting energy planning 
in the EU. To this end, the regional energy planning context is reviewed, relevant INSPIRE datasets identified, 
and their availability presented. Also, the publicly available data sources identified in the first step will be related 
to the needs in regional energy strategies. To conclude, based on the availability of data in the case study of 
Castilla y León, a series of applications  are proposed showcasing the potential of combining statistical data 
with georeferenced data and how can this support regional energy strategies implementation and monitoring. 

The  main  objective  of  Step  3  is  to  propose  methods/applications/combinations  of  datasets  that  can  be  of 
support for regional energy planning in the EU. In particular, a special focus is placed on deploying datasets 
with  location-related  content,  and  more  specifically,  on  exploring  the  potential  of  datasets  that  follow  the 
INSPIRE Directive. To this end, it is essential to understand the spatial planning context, know what INSPIRE can 
offer in its different themes, as well as know if other open data can be of use to regional strategies. Then, and 
to realistically propose some applications, the case study proposed in step 2 (the regional energy efficiency 
strategy of Castilla y León) will be resorted to again. In this case, an analysis of available INSPIRE datasets in 
this  region  will  be  presented.  This  will  allow  measuring  the  potential  nowadays  to  implement  a  series  of 
applications. In this line, two examples will be proposed in section 9.2, focusing on two specific sectors: buildings 
and transport. Finally, to incite action and actively contribute to the further generation of INSPIRE data, two 
other  examples  are  presented.  These  are  focused  on  datasets  related  to  energy  production  sites  and  to 
statistical data that could be of support for regional energy strategy development in the Castilla y León region. 
However, even when this data is available, it has not been harmonised yet to INSPIRE. 

All in all, the three steps intend to constitute a first glimpse of the challenges faced at the regional level and 
the potential of combining data sources. It must be highlighted, though, that further research is required in this 
domain. 

6 

 
 
Figure 1.  Structure of the activities carried out in the Energy Location Applications - Regional Energy Strategy Use Case. 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

This report is divided into several sections, classified below according to the steps shown in Figure 1: 

STEP 1: Undestanding the European Context 

—  Section 2 provides an overview of the division of powers in the energy field. In particular, it focuses on 
the Member States from the EU which have (or not) legislative competences in the energy field at the 
sub-national level. This is complemented by Annex 1, where exhaustive information from the Committee 
of the Regions is provided for each Member State analysed.  

—  Section 3 focuses on the available data. In particular, it is subdivided into two additional categories (data 
related to numerical data sources (section 3.1) and geospatial data sources (section 3.2)) to provide a 
complementary vision. Moreover, to understand the scope of this dataset analysis, an identification and 
description  of  information  sources  are  provided.  Lastly,  more  details  about  Eurostat  regional  data  is 
provided in Annex 2. 

—  Annex 1 provides exhaustive information from the Committee of the Regions for each of the Member 

States analysed. 

—  Annex 2 provides detailed information about Eurostat data. 

STEP 2: Analysing a real case: Regional Energy Efficiency Straegy in Castilla y León region, ES 

—  Section 4 will describe the context of Castilla y León region and the Energy Efficiency strategy subject 
of this report. In particular, the region will be characterised based on the analysis of Eurostat data, which 
will enable us to compare this region to the country where it is located (Spain) and also to the general 
average found in the EU (section 5.1). Then, the Energy Efficiency strategy of this region is presented and 
the process that is followed in its development. 

—  Section 5 focuses on the content of the strategy by explaining how objectives are set, analysing each of 
the  sectors  covered  (industrial,  building,  transport,  public  services,  administrative),  exploring  the 
monitoring indicators used to track the progress of the strategy, as well as other activities and financial 
mechanisms deployed. Finally, the section ends by summarising the main categories of datasets used in 
the strategy definition (section 0). This is complemented with Annex 3, where a more detailed vision of 
the datasets used in the strategy per sector is provided. 

—  Annex 3 complements section 5 by providing a detailed description of the datasets used in the Regional 

Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León. 

STEP 3: INSPIRE potential to support regional energy planning in the EU 

7 

EU MEMBER STATES ENERGY COMPETENCESPUBLICLY AVAILABLE EU DATA SOURCESUnderstandingtheEuropeancontextAnalysinga real case: Regional Energy EfficiencyStrategyin Castilla y León Region, ESINSPIRE potentialto supportregional energyplanningin theEUCONTEXT AND MAIN AIM OF THE STRATEGYSTRUCTURE AND SECTORS CONTAINEDDATASET AVAILABILITY AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN THE CASE STUDYRELEVANT INSPIRE DATASETS IDENTIFICATION AND AVAILABILITYPUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATASETS TO SUPPORT REGIONAL ENERGY STRATEGIESSECTIONS: 2 and 3, and Annex1 and 2SECTIONS: 4 and 5, and Annex3SECTIONS: 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, and Annex4ANALYSIS OF DATASETS REQUIREDREGIONAL ENERGY PLANNING CONTEXTSTEP 1STEP 2STEP 3 
 
—  Section 6 will provide an overview of the challenge of integrating energy aspects with spatial planning 
and public land development at different scales to accelerate the energy transition, specifically focusing 
on supporting the regional level. 

—  Section 7 presents the INSPIRE data themes of the three different annexes as an introduction to INSPIRE 
beginners, which is complemented by the description of each of the themes in Annex  4 and the access 
points to further information. In addition, this section highlights the specific themes that will be tackled 
in the report. 

—  Section 8 is devoted to linking the publicly available datasets presented in step 1 to the sectors and 
challenges identified in step 2. Thus, it will contribute to initially determine whether the open datasets 
identified could be of use for this purpose or not. In this case, the same consideration as in the previous 
section should be performed: the appreciations should be seen as an initial analysis, and further research 
should be performed to check the usability of this data in real cases more in detail. 

—  Section 9 focuses on a real-life application by delving into the challenges found in the Castilla y León 
region. To start with, the availability of INSPIRE datasets in the region will be observed (section 9.1). Then, 
two  applications  to  support  the  regional  energy  strategy  based  on  the  availability  of  the  data  will  be 
presented. In particular, methods in the buildings and transport sectors have been developed and applied 
in this region (section  9.2). Finally, to encourage data provisioning, two examples are presented in the 
topics of Energy Generation Sites and the use of Statistical Data (section 9.3). 

—  Section 10 provides some conclusions and proposes the next steps in geospatial data and technologies 

supporting the regional energy policy cycle. 

—  Annex 4 describes the INSPIRE data themes. 

1.1 

Identification and description of information sources 

This section describes the main information sources that can bring vital information when designing a regional 
strategy,  including  public  data  sources  and  originated  in  other  projects.  In  addition,  datasets  that  are 
standardised at the European level, covering different Member States, allow providing an aligned methodology 
across countries and between different scales and coordinate action between European, national, and regional 
levels.  

The Committee of the Regions plays an essential role in joining regional and local authorities across Europe, 
supporting the necessary multilevel governance, which translates into agreed legislation resolutions promoting 
further action in the EU. An explanation of the Committee of the Regions is provided (section 1.1.1), then relevant 
projects related to regional planning are presented (section 1.1.2), and finally, the relevant publicly available 
data sources are listed in section 1.1.3, which will be described in depth in section 3. 

1.1.1  Committee of the Regions (CoR) 

The European Committee of the Regions (CoR)1 is the most important body in the European Union, representing 
local and regional authorities from cities and regions. It is formulated as a political assembly composed of 329 
members and 329 alternates from all EU countries who have been elected at the local or regional level (for 
example, Mayors or Presidents of a region). The CoR provides cities and regions information and support on new 
laws that impact regions and cities, representing 70% of all EU legislation. 

The EC and the council of the European union consult the CoR when any new suggestion is made in the fields 
of economic, social and territorial cohesion, Structural Funds, European Regional Development Fund, European 
Social  Fund,  employment  and  social  affairs,  education,  youth,  vocational  training,  culture  and  sport, 
environment, energy and climate change, transport, trans-European networks, and public health. 

As a result of the coordination action between the European, national, regional and local levels, the CoR provides 
recommendations on draft EU laws and proposes new policies, laws and issues on the EU agenda. 

The CoR can be a relevant source of information when defining a regional strategy; it provides regional planners 
with useful analyses and reports on potential territorial impact assessment of EU legislative proposals under 
the Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) Strategy "Territorial Impact Assessment in the CoR political process". 
The CoR's TIA Strategy has the following main objectives: 

(1) 

https://cor.europa.eu/en 

8 

 
 
—  to  enable  access  to  relevant  analysis  that  can  be  used  to  improve  the  territorial  perspective  of  CoR 

opinions, to serve as an evidentiary base for its political and consultative work; 

—  to improve the  quality of  EU policymaking by ensuring that the  EU institutions consider the territorial 

impacts of new policy proposals and existing EU legislation; 

—  to improve the visibility of territorial impact assessment as an important element of better legislation; 

—  to develop new TIA instruments in close co-operation with DG REGIO2 and ESPON3. 

Following these objectives, the TIA strategy provides periodically reports on territorial impact assessment on 
different  topics  such  as  biodiversity;  demographic  change;  energy  poverty;  climate  neutrality;  bioeconomy; 
place-based industrial strategy; the establishment of the European Labour Authority; the implementation of the 
2030 Agenda; Energy performance of Buildings Directive; etc. 

An  extensive  analysis  is  provided  on  the  energy  competences  of  the  different  member  States  and  their 
multilevel governance system. This has been used, in section 2, to analyse the division of powers in the energy 
field. For additional information on each country in this respect, please refer to Annex 1. 

1.1.2  Projects related to regional planning 

This section lists a selection of projects related to regional planning that could provide relevant insight into the 
development of regional energy strategies. These have emerged from different funding programmes (Intelligent 
Energy Europe Programme, Interreg Europe or Horizon 2020), and all of them have an international dimension. 

Table 1.  SPECIAL project overview 

Project 

SPECIAL - Spatial Planning and Energy for Communities In All Landscapes  

Financial 
programme 

Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European union 

Duration 

08.03.2013 – 07.03. 2016 

Objectives 

The SPECIAL project aims to foster the exchange of experiences and competence building 
amongst  national  and  regional  town  planning  associations  and  organisations  to 
demonstrate the integration of sustainable energy aspects into spatial planning strategies 
at  local  and  regional  levels.  The  project  stimulates  the  improved  energy-related 
competence of town planners working  within public authorities leading to good practice 
examples on integrated spatial planning strategies for low carbon towns and regions. To 
achieve this, the partners organise training programmes, workshops, study visits not only 
to improve the competence of their planning organisations but also of ‘multiplier networks’ 
that represent town planners. The ‘multiplier networks’ will have their capacity improved 
to deliver spatial and energy planning competence building and training in the long term, 
and  the  town  planners  will  receive  concrete  for  integrating  energy  aspects  into  spatial 
planning strategies. 

Website 

http://www.special-eu.org/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 2.  SET-UP project overview 

Project 

SET-UP - Smart Energy Transition to Upgrade Regional performance 

Financial 
programme 

Interreg Europe 

Duration 

01.04.2016 - 31.03.2021 

(2)   https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/organisation/dg-regio-dg-regional-urban-policy_en 
(3)   https://www.espon.eu/ 

9 

 
 
Objectives 

The SET-UP project's overall goal is to improve the energy performance of the six partner 
regions thanks to enhanced  policies on smart  grids.  In the medium to long term, better 
energy demand management achieved thanks to SET-UP reduces energy consumption and 
greater energy security, with connected socio-environmental and economic benefits. 

SET-UP  uses  interregional  exchange  to  build  on  regional  competencies  on  smart  grids, 
supported by selected regional policy instruments (ERDF ROP, Axis on energy / low carbon). 
SET-UP  improves  policy  instruments  by  identifying  efficient  energy  management  tools, 
with a specific focus on solutions to three main challenges to smart grid deployment: 

—  empowering consumers; 

—  economic and business models; 

—  Investment possibilities for smart network infrastructure. 

Website 

https://www.interregeurope.eu/set-up/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 3.  BIO4ECO Project overview 

Project 

BIO4ECO - Sustainable regional bioenergy policies: a game-changer 

Financial 
programme 

Interreg Europe 

Duration 

01.04.2016 - 30.09.2020 

Objectives 

With the objective of the transition to a low carbon economy, some countries and regions 
in  Europe  are  developing  energy  and  land  use  policies  in  separate  ways  by  different 
administrations. 

To improve the energy sector in balance with the natural resources, a challenge is to work 
on bridging those conflicting views and policies. 

BIO4ECO  aims  to 
improve  regional  and  national  policy  processes  and  policy 
implementation  and  delivery,  addressing  the  transition  to  a  low  carbon  economy 
concerning  renewable  energy  use,  the  energy  efficiency  of  buildings  and  forest  and 
agricultural biomass. 

Website 

https://www.interregeurope.eu/bio4eco/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 4.  RESOR project overview 

Project 

RESOR  -  Supporting  energy  efficiency  and  renewable  energy  in  European  islands  and 
remote regions 

Financial 
programme 

Interreg Europe 

Duration 

01.06.2018 - 30.11.2022 

Objectives 

ESOR aims to promote best practices to support energy efficiency and renewable energy 
use  in  businesses  of  the  secondary  and  tertiary  sectors  in  European  islands  and  other 
remote regions. 

Maximising  energy  savings  and  reaching  high  energy  efficiency  levels  are  crucial 
challenges currently faced by the EU. 

10 

 
The focus chosen by partners targets remote territories, which on the one hand represent 
less-favoured areas of Europe but which, on the other, are often well placed on employing 
innovative solutions and attracting energy investments. 

Remote  regions,  as  those  partners  in  the  RESOR  project,  are  characterised  by  a  higher 
dependence  on  fossil  fuels  and  generally  less  efficient  energy  choices  and  behaviours 
among citizens and even more among businesses, for whom investment in renewables or 
energy efficiency are often not a priority or financially feasible. 

Website 

https://www.interregeurope.eu/bio4eco/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 5.  DeCarb project overview 

Project 

DeCarb - Supporting the clean energy transition of coal-intensive EU regions 

Financial 
programme 

Interreg Europe 

Duration 

01.06.2018 - 31.05.2023 

Objectives 

DeCarb  will  support  public  authorities  to  initiate  efforts,  join  forces  and  exchange 
experiences to a) identify growth strategies to mitigate the impact of decarbonisation, b) 
make the most of EU funds & financing tools, and c) promote public dialogue on conflicting 
interests. 

DeCarb  brings  together  nine  partners  (9  countries)  to  exchange  experiences  &  transfer 
knowledge on how to transition from the carbon-intensive era towards the clean energy 
future.  It  cansupport  regions  to  secure  sustainable  development,  economic  &  societal 
stability, and a role in the 2030 energy mix. 

Website 

https://www.interregeurope.eu/decarb/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 6.  Planheat project overview 

Project 

Planheat  -  Integrated  tool  for  empowering  public  authorities  in  the  development  of 
sustainable plans for low carbon heating and cooling 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.10.2016 - 31.01.2020 

Objectives 

Public  bodies  face  the  lack  of  appropriate  easy-to-use  tools  to  support  them  in  the 
definition,  simulation  and  evaluation  of  suitable  strategies  for  sustainable  heating  and 
cooling tailored to local conditions for achieving the ambitious targets set up in their local 
plans.  In  light  of  this,  PLANHEAT  main  objective  is  to  develop  and  demonstrate  an 
integrated and easy-to-use tool to support local authorities (cities and regions) in selecting, 
simulating and comparing alternative low carbon and economically sustainable scenarios 
for heating and cooling that includes the integration of alternative supply solutions (from 
a panel of advanced key technologies for the new heating and cooling supply) that balances 
the  forecasted  demand.  The  PLANHEAT  integrated  tool  was  designed  to  support  local 
authorities in 1) mapping the potential of locally available low carbon energy sources (with 
specific reference to available RES and waste energy recoverable at urban and industrial 
level) 2) mapping the forecasted demand for heating and cooling 3) define and simulate 
alternative environmentally friendly scenarios based on district heating and cooling as well 
as highly efficient cogeneration systems matching the forecasted demand, levering on the 
use of RES and waste energy sources and with proven economic viability 4) understanding 

11 

 
the  interactions  of  these  new  scenarios  with  the  existing  infrastructures  and  networks 
(among  which  district  heating  and  cooling  gas,  electricity,  sewage,  transportation)  and 
identify potential for further extension and upgrade of district heating and cooling networks 
5) evaluate the benefits (in terms of energetic, economic and environmental KPIs) that the 
adoption of the new scenarios will generate against the current situation (i.e., baseline).  

Website 

http://www.planheat.eu/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 7.  HotMaps project overview 

Project 

HotMaps  -  Heating  and  Cooling:  Open  Source  Tool  for  Mapping  and  Planning  of  Energy 
Systems 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.10.2016 - 30.09.2020 

Objectives 

HotMaps  developed,  demonstrated  and  disseminated  a  toolbox  to  support  public 
authorities, energy agencies and planners in strategic heating and cooling planning on local, 
regional and national levels and inline with EU policies. The toolbox facilitates the following 
tasks on a spatially disaggregated level: (1) Mapping heating and cooling energy situation 
including renewable and waste heat potentials in GIS layers; (2) Model the energy system, 
considering hourly matching of supply and demand, demand response etc.; (3) Supporting 
the comprehensive assessment of efficient heating and cooling according to the Energy 
Efficiency Directive; (4) Comparative assessment of supply and demand options and given 
scenarios until 2050 regarding e. g. CO2-emissions, costs, share of renewables.  

An open data set for EU-28 was created to perform those tasks in virtually any EU region 
up  to  a  250x250m  level,  which  reduces  barriers  for  authorities  to  heating  and  cooling 
planning. HotMaps allows for updating locally available data and links to existing models. 
The  software  was  developed  in  close  cooperation  with  the  target  group  within  the 
consortium and beyond. Moreover, the toolbox was validated and demonstrated in 7 pilot 
areas to provide a tested and user-friendly software based on user needs.In the proposal, 
a strategy how to ensure the wide usability, adjustability and application of the toolbox 
within  and  beyond  the  project  duration  was  presented:  (1)  The  consortium  is  fully 
committed to the open-source idea: All EU-28 data and the source code is open and a link 
was  established  with  open-source  energy  modelling  communities;  (2)  Training  activities 
were  carried  out,  including  a  strategy  how  to  continue  after  the  project;  (3)  Academic 
partners trained students on HotMaps in their teaching activities. Their consortium included 
leading  experts  on  energy  planning  in  Europe,  modelling  and  tool  development, 
dissemination and various public authorities. 

Website 

http://www.hotmaps-project.eu/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 8.  INTENSSS-PA project overview 

Project 

INTENSSS-PA - A systematic approach for inspiring training energy-spatial-socioeconomic 
sustainability to public authorities 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.02.2016 - 31.07.2018 

12 

 
Objectives 

INTENSSS-PA  supported  public  authorities  to  integrate  the  energy  theme  into  spatial 
planning  and  regional  physical  and socioeconomic  landscapes.  To  achieve  this objective 
INTENSS-PA provided human and institutional capacity building to public authorities and 
the wider network of private and public actors related to energy and regional planning by 
implementing  the  Living  Lab  concept,  i.e.  an  innovative  environment  of  co-creation. 
Specifically,  a  network  of  seven  Regional  Living  Labs  (RLL)  within  the  seven  different 
Countries/Regions  that  participated  in  the  consortium  (Thessaly-Greece,  Calabria-Italy, 
Castilla  y  Leon-  Spain,  Association  of  Municipalities-Slovenia,  Groningen-Netherlands, 
Triangle-Denmark and Zemgale-Latvia), was created. Involving public authorities, private 
and civil society actors, the RLLs were focused on improving and designing a shared and 
integrated  sustainable  energy  planning  concept  and  applying  it  to  develop  seven 
sustainable energy plans, i.e. one for each Region. The overall approach will involve learning 
sessions  and  experiential  projects  alongside  intense  networking.  Communication  and 
exploitation  activities  were  envisaged,  including  national  Roadshows  and  a  survey  with 
policy makers. It was expected that over 200 people participate in the capacity-building 
activities performed  within  the  RLLs network, while  the  stakeholders  and  policy  makers 
informed on the project results and activities was expected to exceed the 1000 individuals. 
The project objectives are completely in line with topic EE07’s scope since  they consider 
innovative capacity building activities to public authorities for integrated energy planning 
through the establishment of a network of RLLs, i.e. of an ecosystem that stakeholders 
bring  their own  specific  wealth  of  knowledge  and  expertise  to  the  collective,  helping  to 
achieve boundary-spanning knowledge transfer. Special consideration will be provided on 
planning requirements deriving from the 27/2012/EU Directive. 

Website 

http://www.intenssspa.eu/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 9.  SIMPLA-A project overview 

Project 

SIMPLA  -  A  systematic  approach  for  inspiring  training  energy-spatial-socioeconomic 
sustainability to public authorities 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.02.2016 - 31.01.2019 

Objectives 

SIMPLA ultimate goal is empowering public authorities to develop, implement and finance 
sustainable energy policies and actions by creating the conditions for a smart integration 
between SEAPs (Sustainable Energy Action Plans) and SUMPs (Sustainable Urban Mobility 
Plans) - or similar plans - in cities, towns and their aggregations with a population between 
50.000 and 350.000 inhabitants. 

SIMPLA’s work-plan focused on the establishment of a network of National Focal Points 
(NFPs)  in  6  countries  (expanding  to  further  12  through  replication  actions),  merging 
technical  expertise,  methodological  know-how  and  institutional  capacity  of  technical 
partners and public authorities. 

The NFPs realized an ambitious, innovative work-plan, encompassing capacity building and 
coaching  (on-site  and  via  the  web),  enhancement  of  multilevel  governance  looking  for 
synergies  and  economies  of  scale,  extensive  involvement  of  public  authorities  and 
stakeholders, promotion of mutual learning and best practices. 

EU  added  value  (involving  countries  and  areas  with  different  levels  of  tradition  in 
integrated multi-sector planning) and capitalisation of previous EU-funded initiatives are 
among the project's guiding principles. 

SIMPLA contributed to the EU’s energy and climate targets for 2020 and beyond, reducing 
GHG emissions, increasing the share from RES and improving energy efficiency, focusing 

13 

 
upon  sectors  with  high  energy-saving  potential  (primarily  buildings,  renewables  for 
electricity production, urban freight transport and passengers’ mobility). 

The intensive exploitation of existing networks to promote and support the implementation 
of  project  activities  in  the  framework  of  a  sound  and  comprehensive  promotion  and 
dissemination  plan  helped  guarantee  a  consistent  and  significant  impact  on  a  wide, 
relevant and varied audience. 

Website 

http://www.simpla-project.eu/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 10.  C-Track 50 project overview 

Project 

C-Track 50 - Putting regions on track for carbon neutrality by 2050 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.03.2018 - 28.02.2021 

Objectives 

The project  aimed to mobilize and guide public authorities in defining long-term energy 
policy  priorities,  promoting  multilevel  governance,  and  supporting  regional  and  local 
authorities  in  developing,  financing  and  implementing  ambitious  integrated  sustainable 
energy and climate policy action plans to achieve climate resilience and carbon neutrality 
by 2050. This will be achieved through: 

—  Facilitation of the vertical and horizontal multilevel governance cooperation in eleven 

European countries. 

—  Identification  of  strategic  policy  priorities  at  a  national  level,  fostering  multilevel 
governance  to  capitalise  on  synergies  and  economies  of  scale  for  implementing 
energy efficiency and renewable energy actions. 

—  Capacity building at local/regional level. 

—  Development of at least 116 sustainable energy and climate policy action plans for 

2050 at the local and regional level. 

—  Development of at least 105 funding proposals for implementing sustainable energy 

and climate actions/projects. 

—  Targeted promotion of the concept of carbon neutrality to at least 50,000 relevant 
stakeholders across Europe. Support EU policies and initiatives, such as the Global 
Covenant of Mayors on Energy and Climate. 

C-TRACK 50 is expected to contribute considerably towards achieving the 2030 and 2050 
EU energy and climate targets. 

Website 

http://www.c-track50.eu/ 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 11.  ENERGee Watch project overview 

Project 

ENERGee Watch - The European Network of Regional GhG Emissions and Energy Watch 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.09.2020 - 31.08.2023 

Objectives 

The overall aim of ENERGee Watch is to enable peer to peer learning for regional and local 
authorities  to  precisely  define,  monitor  and  verify  their  sustainable  energy  and  climate 

14 

 
actions.  Its  main  targets  are  associations  and  networks  of  cities  and  regions,  and  the 
learning  process  will  be  focused  on  how  different  sustainable  energy  and  climate 
mitigation projects have been monitored and evaluated. Primarily, we will build on existing 
platforms  and  needs  assessment  surveys  to  perform  a  needs  assessment  and  gaps 
identification with public bodies for learning and match these needs with available best 
practices. Then, public authorities and their associations and agencies will be selected and 
matched  with  one  of  the  seven  mentors  who  are  all  partners  of  ENERGee  Watch.  The 
learning  program  will  be  divided  into  four  modules  that  include:  i)  data  collection,  ii) 
monitoring and verification, iii) indicators for adaption to climate change, iv) data display, 
dissemination and validation by final users (local authorities). 

Website 

https://energee-watch.eu/# 

Source: abovementioned website 

Table 12.  INNOPATHS project overview 

Project 

INNOPATHS –Innovation pathways, strategies and policies for the Low-Carbon Transition 
in Europe 

Financial 
programme 

Horizon 2020 

Duration 

01.02.2016 - 31.07.2021 

Objectives 

INNOPATHS (Innovation Pathways, Strategies and Policies for the Low-Carbon Transition in 
Europe) is a research project which aims to work with key economic and societal actors to 
generate new, state-of-the-art low-carbon pathways for the European Union. First, it will 
do this by assessing the anatomy of existing scenario and pathway studies for the low-
carbon  transition  from  technical,  economic,  and  social  perspectives.  The  innovation 
systems and policy landscapes for key energy-using sectors of the economy will also be 
examined. 

The insights from this process will feed into the structure of new low-carbon pathways, 
‘co-designed’ with a wide range of stakeholders from government, industry, academia and 
civil society. These scenarios will then be quantitatively and qualitatively assessed for their 
technical, economic and social outcomes. 

INNOPATHS will assess how the benefits of these pathways, such as new industries, jobs 
and competitiveness, may be maximised, and how any negative impacts, such as those on 
low-income households, or carbon-intensive sectors, may be mitigated. 

Detailed  outputs  from  the  project  will  be  disseminated  through  four  interactive  ‘online 
tools’,  providing  decision-makers  and  other  stakeholders  with  a  vital  resource  for 
continuing analysis. 

Website 

https://innopaths.eu/  

Source: abovementioned website 

1.1.3  Publicly available data sources 

This section is centered on the publicly available data sources that can support the design, implementation and 
monitoring of regional energy strategies. It focuses on the availability of data of different sectors (land, industry, 
agriculture, energy, buildings, etc.) at the European level to examine the data analysis potential of European 
regions.  In  addition,  the  existence  of  common  data  can  enable  the  alignment  between  the  strategies  from 
different  Member  States,  allowing  better  to  measure  the  progress  towards  the  achievement  of  energy  EU 
objectives,  as  explicited  in  the  Energy  Peformance  of  Buildings  Directive  (EPBD),  Energy  Efficiency  Directive 
(EED), or Renewable Energy Directive (RED). Thus, it is fundamental to identify international data sources that 
allow the development of a standardised pan-EU dataset, where possible, based on open data. 

15 

 
Evidently, not only international data sources are helpful when dealing with regional strategies, but also specific 
local and regional data sources. As shown in the analysis of the regional energy strategy in Castilla y León (step 
2 of Figure 1), there are vast amounts of data used in its design and implementation, which are generated only 
at the regional level. 

Bearing all of these aspects into consideration, Table 13 provides an overview of the data sources analysed in 
this report.  As  it  can  be  seen,  data  can  be  of  different  types:  e.g.  statistical  data  (Eurostat,  FAOstat,  EEA...), 
geographical  information  (NUTS  classification),  maps  (OpenStreetMaps),  etc.  The  different  data  sources  are  
described in detail in Section 3. 

Table 13.  Overview of data sources analysed 

Data category 

Data source 

Description 

General 
statistical data 

EUROSTAT 

A
T
A
D
L
A
R
E
M
U
N

I

The most common data source for statistical data in the 
EU covering a great variety of topics. In particular, this 
report will focus on those datasets that have a 
geographical component attached: those related to NUTS 
levels. NUTS classification defines a classification of 
regions in Europe based on different population thresholds. 
The sizes of the NUTS are different for each region and are 
used to develop statistical data [4]. 

FAOSTAT 

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 
Nations) database, containing food and agriculture data 
from different world countries. 

EEA (European 
Environment 
Agency) 

Data related to environmental issues (policy, topics related 
to the environment). The main topics are climate, nature, 
sustainability and well-being, and economic sectors 
(agriculture, energy, industry...). 

IEA (International 
Energy Agency) 

Agency with global impact, whose main objective is to 
secure a sustainable energy future for all. Among the 
areas of work is developing a database collecting data and 
statistics related to energy from more than 100 countries. 

ESPON Database 
and Data 
Navigator 

The ESPON Data Navigator covers regional statistical data 
sources for 28 EU Member States plus Iceland, 
Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. It also provides the 
contact details of 41 National Statistical Offices and 41 
Geographic Institutes. 

Urban and 
regional data 

Urban Data 
Platform Plus 
(UDPplus) 

Census Data 

The UDPplus is an initiative developed by the Joint 
Research Centre and the Directorate General for Regional 
and Urban Policy (DG REGIO), providing information on 
their status and trends to support urban and territorial 
strategies development.  

The Census database was developed by the European 
Statistical System (ESS) for better dissemination of the 
results of the Population and Housing Censuses in Europe, 
providing users with easy access to detailed census data 
that are structured in the same way and methodologically 
comparable between countries  

Covenant of 
Mayors data 

Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans generated by 
the signatories of the Covenant of Mayor’s initiative. 

16 

 
 
 
 
Building Stock 
Data 

TABULA / 
EPISCOPE 

ENTRANZE 

Building Stock 
Observatory 

Baseline Emission Inventory and a Risk and Vulnerability 
Assessment are provided. 

The TABULA / EPISCOPE projects (coordinated by IWU) have 
generated a typology analysis of the building stock in 
selected countries and provide highly relevant information 
on their characteristics, energy systems or potential energy 
conservation measures to apply. This is provided to the 
user through a web tool. 

The ENTRANZE project (Intelligent Europe), to actively 
support policy making towards achieving a strong 
penetration of nZEB and RES-H/C, provides a data tool with 
an in-depth analysis of the structure and dynamics of 
buildings and related energy systems in EU-17, Croatia 
and Serbia; and scenario results of the development of the 
building stock and its energy demand for nine target 
countries and the EU-28 up to 2030.  

Established in 2016 as part of the Clean Energy for all 
Europeans package [1], it aims to provide a better 
understanding of the energy performance of buildings 
through reliable, consistent and comparable data. To this 
end, it provides a database with 250 indicators, a data 
mapper as an online tool and factsheets per country. 

DEEP database 

DEEP is an open-source database to enlarge the European 
energy efficiency investment by providing a detailed 
analysis of existing projects in buildings and industries 
across Europe.  

ODYSEE / MURE 

ODYSEE and MURE initiatives are open databases that 
provide information on energy efficiency indicators and 
energy consumption by end-use and energy efficiency 
policies and measures by country. 

A
T
A
D
O
E
G
&
S
P
A
M

Copernicus data 

Copernicus is the Earth Observation Programme of the EU that offers free and 
open access to Earth Observation (EO) and other related data. Copernicus 
Programme has six main services: atmosphere monitoring, marine environment 
monitoring, land monitoring, climate change, emergency monitoring and 
security. 

OpenStreetMap 

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative and open-source database to develop 
a set of maps that can be used (for the purpose of the research presented in 
this report) to complement the data provided by public administrations such as 
Cadastre buildings, roads or railways.  

Source: own elaboration 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
2  Division of powers in the energy field 

This  section  analyses  the  division  of  powers  in  the  energy  field  in  the  EU  is,  with  the  final  objective  of 
determining  how  energy  strategies  are  conceived,  legislated,  and  implemented.  The  different  enforcement 
levels this division of powers entails will influence the type of data required by each administration and its level 
of detail. 

The analysis is aligned with the general objective of the use case (as specified in section 1), i.e. finding methods 
to support regional energy strategies.. The final analysis of what data can be used to support regional energy 
strategies will be presented in the last sections of the report]. The following figure depicts this approach. 

Figure 2.  Schema on how administrative levels have an impact on the necessary data 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

As  it  can  be  seen  in  the  figure  above,  the  Member  States  and  their  corresponding  sub-division  levels  are 
considered different Administrative Units. These will always be considered linked to geographical reference 
and spatial boundaries, which the NUTS levels will represent (see section 3.1.1.1 for more information). This link 
is initially thought to facilitate the combination of data that can be provided further in this research, which 
can be non-location data (statistical data or other which is not directly linked to a geographical representation) 
or location data (coming from INSPIRE or other sources). 

The  different  Administrative  Units  will  have  to  comply  with  their  specific  energy  competences,  which  will 
determine the type of actions / analyses to be performed that each Administrative Unit has to undergo. To 
this end, they will require necessary data, which should be matched with the data that can be provided. 

An in-depth analysis of the Energy Competences in all EU Member States to determine the Actions and Analyses 
to be Performed, and the consequent Necessary data required, would be ideal to ensure the adequate analysis 
of the data needed, and thus provide specific recommendations to support energy strategies  at regional and 
national level by identifying specific data gaps. However, in this approach, a specific Regional Energy Strategy 
(Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy 2016-2020) is currently being analysed, and specific knowledge of 
its content and implementation difficulties will be diagnosed (refer  to sections 7, 8, 9 and 10 of this report); 
specific data gaps will be identified this way. As a result, the current analysis of the division of powers in the 
energy  field  present  in  this  report  will  serve  as  an  initial  test  to  check  if  the  proposed  approach  could  be 
replicable in the EU Member States. The data used for this analysis is extracted from the Committee of the 
Regions website (see section 1.1.1 for further reference). 

The Committee of the Regions provides information on the energy competences at different levels of Member 
States [2]. In particular, it classifies the countries into two main categories: those who have legislative powers 
(in energy matters) at the sub-national level and those who do not fall within EU27 countries. In addition, there 
is  information  available  on  candidate  countries,  potential  candidates,  eastern  partnership  countries,  and 
southern neighbourhood area countries. For each of them, the competences at each level, the authorities in 
charge, and responsible ministries /bodies are depicted. To identify the countries covered in the Committee of 
the Regions, the following summary 0 is provided: 

18 

NECESSARY DATAACTIONS / ANALYSES TO BE PERFORMEDDATA THAT CAN BE PROVIDEDLOCATION DATANON-LOCATION DATAIDENTIFICATION OF “HOT TOPICS”ENERGY COMPETENCESADMINISTRATIVE UNITS (NUTS LEVELS) 
 
 
 
Table 14.  Countries covered in the energy competences description of the Committee of the Regions 

State’s category 

Countries considered 

Member  states  with  legislative 
powers at the sub-national level 

Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Finland (FI), Germany (DE), Italy (IT), Portugal 
(PT), Spain (ES). 

Member states without legislative 
powers at the sub-national level 

Bulgaria (BG), Croatia (HR), Cyprus (CY), Czech Republic (CZ), Denmark 
(DK), Estonia  (EE),  France  (FR),  Greece  (EL),  Hungary  (HU),  Ireland (IE), 
Latvia  (LV),  Lithuania  (LT),  Luxembourg  (LU),  Malta  (MT),  Poland  (PL), 
Romania (RO), Slovakia (SK), Slovenia (SL), Sweden (SE), The Netherlands 
(NL). 

Candidate countries 

Montenegro  (ME),  Serbia  (RS),  North  Macedonia  (MK),  Turkey  (TR), 
Albania (AL). 

Potential candidates 

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BA), Kosovo. 

Eastern partnership countries 

Armenia (AM), Azerbaijan (AZ), Belarus (BY), Georgia (GE), Moldova (MD), 
Ukraine (UA). 

Southern  neighbourhood  area 
candidates 

Algeria (DZ), Egypt (EG), Israel (IL), Jordan (JO), Lebanon (LB), Libya (LY), 
Mauritania (MR), Morocco (MA), Palestine (PS), Syria (SY), Tunisia (TN). 

Other countries 

Iceland (IS), United Kingdom (UK). 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration based on information of the Committee of the Regions 

The  analyses  have  focused  on  the  first  two  groups:  the  Member  States with  legislative  powers  at  the  sub-
national  level  and without  them.  In  particular,  more  detailed  information  on  the  data  categories  mentioned 
above of these two groups of countries can be found in Annex I. According to analyses performed on Committee 
of the Regions data of the EU284, there are eight countries with legislative powers at the sub-national level, 
whereas the rest of the countries do not count on this privilege. However, from the latter, there are 14 in which 
the  regional  level  holds  energy  competences  (+8  with  legislative  powers).  Finally,  all  of  the  countries  have 
energy  competences  at  the  local  level  to  be  deployed  through  the  municipalities,  as  it  can  be  seen  in  the 
following Figure 3. 

Figure 3.  Summary of EU Member States competences at different levels 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration based on information of the Committee of the Regions 

This  varied  panorama  in  Europe  suggests  the  adequacy  of  proposing  methods  and  counting  on  data  that 
decision-makers can homogeneously use at these different scales, which can be aggregated and disaggregated 
at different scales in a robust manner. This would contribute to more easily transpose objectives established in 
policies at higher levels to the lower levels and reporting and monitoring the implementation of energy actions 
at different scales. 

4  

It should be noted that the analysis was performed before the Brexit. 

19 

NATIONALREGIONALLegis.powersCompetencesLOCALYES:ALL28EU COUNTRIESYES:8 coun.NO: 20 countriesYES: 22 countriesNO:6coun.YES:ALL28EU COUNTRIES 
 
 
3 

In-depth analysis of public data sources 

In this section, a detailed description of the public data sources analysed is provided, distinguishing between 
two main categories: “Numerical data sources”, mainly providing statistical data, (section 3.1) and “Geospatial 
data sources”, represented by Copernicus and OpenStreetMap (section 3.2). Public data sources are analysed 
over private ones in order to assure that consistent support can be offered by these sources throughout the EU, 
in contrast to private sources, which could cover only certain geographical areas and be available only under 
specific conditions. 

3.1  Non-geospatial data sources 

This category includes statistical data and various types of indicators: 

—  General statistical data (section 3.1.1): where statistical data related to different fields is depicted. It 
is worth noting that whereas all other data sources offer data at the national level, EUROSTAT is the only 
one offering a higher level of granularity, providing also regional/local statistics at different NUTS levels. 

—  Urban and regional data (section 3.1.2): even when urban and regional data can be expressed also as 
general  statistical  data,  a  specific  focus  is  placed  in  this  scale,  due  to  its  direct  relationship  to  the 
development of Regional Energy Strategies. 

—  Building stock data (section 3.1.3): following the same reasoning as before, the characterization of the 
building stock is of high importance for the diagnosis of the current status of a region in energy terms, 
and, thus, of the utmost importance for regional energy strategy development. 

3.1.1  General statistical data 

This sub-section is devoted to presenting data sources that provide general statistical data on specific topics 
both at the European and global level. In this line, the descriptions will cover the following sources: 

—  Eurostat (section 3.1.1.1), the statistical office of the European Union, as the general knowledge access 
point to a varied set of themes. Special focus will be placed on those statistics which have a location 
component  and  are  related  to  NUTS  (Nomenclature  of  territorial  units  for  statistics)  levels,  which  are 
provided at a higher granularity than country level and are for some indicators reported even at province 
level (NUTS3). 

—  FAOSTAT (section 3.1.1.2), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, provides data on the 

food and the agriculture sector of 245 countries. 

—  EEA  (section  3.1.1.3),  the  European  Environment  Agency,  provides  data  related  to  the  environment, 

supporting the implementation of environmental policies. 

—  IEA (section 3.1.1.4), the International Energy Agency contributes to shaping a secure and sustainable 
energy future for all by providing analysis, data and policy recommendations in energy sustainability. 

—  ESPON programme: co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, this programme aims at 
promoting and fostering a European Territorial dimension. In terms of data provision, ESPON Database 
[section 3.1.1.5] and ESPON Data Navigator [section 3.1.1.6] will be presented. 

Firstly, these data sources have been selected because of being provided by official institutions in each of their 
corresponding domains to support the reliance on official statistics and evaluate the scope of the data provided. 
Secondly, as it can be seen, these data sources cover different domains that characterise an area from different 
perspectives, and not only an energy one, since this holistic view is necessary for the development of regional 
energy strategies. 

3.1.1.1  Eurostat 

Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union. It provides high quality and data on Europe. Statistics 
are  produced  in  partnership  with  the  National  Statistical  Institutes  and  other  national  authorities  of  the 
European Union member States. This partnership is known as the European Statistical System (ESS). In addition, 
Eurostat includes the statistical authorities of the European Economic Area countries and Switzerland. 

For this report, four aspects with respect to EUROSTAT will be presented in the following sub-sections in more 
depth: (1) Eurostat database (where all Eurostat statistics can be accessed), (2) Eurostat data related to NUTS 

20 

 
classification, (3) Statistical Atlas and (4) Regions and Cities Illustrated. More details about Eurostat data are 
provided in Annex 2. 

3.1.1.1.1 

Eurostat database 

The Eurostat database provides access to the full range of publicly available data at Eurostat. The figure below 
shows a way to navigate this data through the data navigation trees. This way, the user can access the multi-
dimensional tables provided with various selection features and export formats. 

Figure 4.  Eurostat Database homepage 

Source: EUROSTAT [3] 

As it  can  be  seen,  apart  from individual  queries for  each  indicator,  bulk  downloads  are  also  facilitated.  The 
following data categories can be accessed following this navigation tree: 

21 

 
 
 
 
Table 15.  Data categories in EUROSTAT database 

Data categories in EUROSTAT database 

Database by themes* 

—  General and regional statistics 

—  Economy and finance 

—  Population and social conditions 

—  Industry, trade and services 

—  Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 

Tables by themes* 

—  International trade in goods 

—  Transport 

—  Environment and energy 

—  Science, technology, digital society 

*The themes in these two access points are the same 

Tables on EU Policy 

—  Macroeconomic imbalance procedure indicators 

—  Euro indicators / PEEIs 

—  Europe 2020 indicators 

—  Circular economy indicators 

—  Sustainable development indicators 

—  Employment and social policy indicators 

—  European pillar of social rights (EPSR) 

Cross-cutting topics 

—  Quality of life 

—  Migrant integration and children in migration 

—  Economic globalisation indicators 

—  Equality (age and gender) 

—  Quality of employment 

—  Agri-environmental indicators 

—  Climate change 

—  Skills-related statistics 

New items (sorted by code) 

These two links depend on the new data introduced into EUROSTAT. 

Recently 
(sorted by code) 

updated 

items 

Source: EUROSTAT 

22 

 
 
 
3.1.1.1.2 

Eurostat data related to NUTS classification 

Especially interesting within the data provided by Eurostat are those datasets that have a location component 
and hold a higher degree of granularity since they refer to a smaller unit than a country. These data are related 
to NUTS levels (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) and provide statistical data in the following levels 
(as per Figure 5 below): 

—  NUTS-1: major socio-economic regions 

—  NUTS-2: basic regions for the application of regional policies 

—  NUTS-3: small regions for specific diagnoses 

Figure 5.  NUTS classification according to EUROSTAT 

Source: EUROSTAT 

The  NUTS  classification  is  based  on  three  main  principles  and  thresholds:  population,  favour  administrative 
divisions and, regular and extraordinary amendments.  

Considering  these  principles  and  thresholds,  the  NUTS  regulation  defines  the  minimum  and  maximum 
population threshold for the size of the NUTS regions. These thresholds are presented in Table 16. Considering 
the administrative levels of the NUTS, it is sufficient if the average size of the corresponding region is included 
in the thresholds. In case of a region that is not adjusted to an administrative level, the previous criteria  are 
also mandatory. This principle tries to ensure that regions have a comparable size at the same NUTS level, but 
some exceptions exist. 

Table 16.  Population threshold for each NUTS region 

Level 

NUTS1 

NUTS2 

NUTS3 

Minimum 

3000000 

800000 

150000 

Maximum 

7000000 

3000000 

800000 

Source: Eurostat. NUTS-Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics [4] 

In addition, NUTS classification is generally adjusted to the territorial  administrative division of the Member 
States. This supports the availability of data and the implementation capacity of policy. 

Finally, the NUTS classification can be amended. The amendments are usually based on changes in the territorial 
structure in one or more Member States. The amendments are developed with a frequency of not more than 
every three years, but in case of a substantial reorganisation of the administrative structure of a Member State, 
amendments to the NUTS may be adopted at intervals of less than three years. 

23 

 
 
These amendments are established in a NUTS Regulation that specifies the stability of the classification for at 
least three years. Stability makes sure that data refers to the same regional unit for a certain period that is 
crucial for statistics. However, changes could happen according to national interests that require changing the 
regional breakdown of a country. To achieve the change in NUTS boundary, the country needs to inform the EC 
about the changes. The amendment to the classification will be developed at the end of the stability period 
according to the rules of the NUTS Regulation. Figure 6 presents the amendments periods to the different NUTS 
versions. The different NUTS versions cover the following periods: 1995-1999, 1999-2003, 2003-2006, 2006-
2010, 2010-2013, 2013-2016, 2016-2021 and 2021 to the future amendment. 

Figure 6.  Timeline with amendments and different NUTS versions 

Source: Eurostat. NUTS-Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics [4] 

It is worth highlighting that to be able to deal with the variations in the NUTS proposed in the abovementioned 
timeline;  the  Joint  Research  Centre  has  generated  an  open,  web-based  tool  that  enables  the  conversion  of 
European  regional  statistical  data  between  different  versions  of  the  Nomenclature  of  Territorial  Units  for 
Statistics [5]. In particular, it  converts statistical data reported at various regional levels in the 2006, 2010, 
2013 and 2016 versions for regions in EU + EFTA + UK. It accepts numerical data expressed as absolute or 
relative values and input formats (csv, xls, xlsx, odt or json), and it automatically detects the NUTS version of 
input data. 

The datasets that are discoverable in Eurostat by NUTS classification are the following: 

Table 17.  Regional statistics by NUTS classification 

Regional statistics by NUTS classification (reg) 

—  Area by NUTS 3 region (reg_area3) 

—  Regional tourism statistics (reg_tour) 

—  Regional agriculture statistics (reg_agr) 

—  Regional transport statistics (reg_tran) 

—  Regional economic accounts (reg_eco10) 

—  Regional labour costs statistics (reg_lcs) 

—  Regional education statistics (reg_educ) 

—  Regional digital economy and society 

—  Regional science and technology statistics 

(reg_isoc) 

(reg_sct) 

—  Regional environmental and energy statistics 

—  Regional structural business statistics 

(reg_sbs) 

—  Regional business demography (reg_bd) 

—  Regional health statistics (reg_hlth) 

Source: EUROSTAT [6] 

3.1.1.1.3 

Statistical Atlas 

(reg_env) 

—  Regional poverty ad social exclusion statistics 

(reg_ilc) 

—  Regional crime statistics (reg_crim) 

The Statistical Atlas is an interactive map viewer [7] for statistical and topographical maps. The user can access 
and combine geographical information from different “base maps” based on the boundaries of the NUTS regions 

24 

 
 
or cities, with information from statistical maps. The statistical Atlas (Figure 7) contains the maps from the 
Eurostat regional yearbook and provides the user with various functionalities such as zooming, changing the 
transparency  of  the  map  layers  and  retrieving  the  code,  geographical  label  and  statistical  data  of  specific 
regions and cities covering different NUTS levels. 

Figure 7.  Interactive map viewer of the Statistical Atlas  

Source: Eurostat, Statistical Atlas [7] 

3.1.1.1.4 

Regions and Cities Illustrated 

Regions and Cities Illustrated provides an interactive map and statistical information visualiser that highlights 
specific regional and territorial aspects at the European level. The visualiser (Figure 8) is available at [8] and 
help us to analyse changing patterns and the impacts of policy decisions on our daily life. It includes a  vast 
range of statistical data where outermost regions are also included. 

Figure 8.  Interactive map viewer of the Regions and Cities Illustrated (RCI). 

Source: Eurostat, Regions and Cities Illustrated (RCI) [8] 

25 

 
 
 
3.1.1.2  FAOSTAT 

FAOSTAT is the fundamental database of FAO (Food and Agriculture  Organization of  the United  Nations). It 
provides information about the food and agriculture sector covering 245 countries and includes information 
from 1961 to the most recent year. The information can be obtained at different levels: world, regions of the 
world (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania), and also at country level. The level of aggregation of the 
data and the years with information vary depending on the availability of the specific data of interest.  

The following table summarises the main sectors and themes that the database [9] provides. Concerning each 
theme, it is possible to find different “elements/items” or indicators. For example, in “Crops”, information related 
to “Area harvested”, “Yield”, and “Production Quantity” can be found. It is necessary to choose the item of interest 
that  would  by  the  type  of  crop  (disaggregated:  almonds,  apples,  apricots,  etc.,  or  aggregated:  cereals,  fruit 
primary, oil crops, etc.). The list of themes is the following: 

Table 18.  FAOSTAT database: themes covered 

FAOSTAT database 

Domains  

Subdomains 

Production 

Investment 

—  Crops 

—  Crops processed 

—  Live Animals 

—  Livestock Primary 

—  Livestock Processed 

—  Production Indices 

—  Value of Agricultural Production 

—  Machinery 

—  Development Flows to Agriculture 

—  Machinery Archive 

—  Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 

—  Government Expenditure 

—  Country Investment Statistics Profile 

—  Credit to Agriculture 

Trade 

—  Crops and livestock products 

—  Detailed trade matrix 

—  Live animals 

—  Trade Indices 

Macro-Statistics 

—  Capital Stock 

—  Macro Indicators 

Food Balance 

Agri-
Environmental 
Indicators 

—  New Food Balances 

—  Commodity Balances - Livestock and 

—  Food Balances (old methodology 

Fish Primary Equivalent 

and population) 

—  Food Supply - Crops Primary 

—  Commodity Balances - Crops 

Primary Equivalent 

Equivalent 

—  Food Supply - Livestock and Fish 

Primary Equivalent 

—  Fertilizers indicators 

—  Pesticides indicators 

—  Land use indicators 

—  Emissions shares 

—  Land Cover 

—  Livestock Patterns 

—  Livestock Manure 

—  Emissions intensities 

—  Temperature change 

Food Security 

—  Indicators from Household 
Surveys (gender, area, 
socioeconomics) 

—  Suite of Food Security Indicators 

26 

 
—  Producer Prices 

—  Deflators 

Prices 

—  Producer Prices (old series) 

—  Exchange rates - Annual 

—  Consumer Price Indices 

Emissions-
Agriculture 

—  Agriculture Total 

—  Manure left on Pasture 

—  Enteric Fermentation 

—  Crop Residues 

—  Manure Management 

—  Cultivation of Organic Soils 

—  Rice Cultivation 

—  Burning - Savanna 

—  Synthetic Fertilizers 

—  Burning - Crop Residues 

—  Manure applied to Soils 

—  Energy Use 

—  Land Use Total 

—  Grassland 

Emissions- Land 
Use 

—  Forest Land 

—  Cropland 

—  Burning - Biomass 

Inputs 

—  Fertilizers by Nutrient 

—  Pesticides Trade 

—  Fertilizers by Product 

—  Land Use 

—  Fertilizers archive 

—  Pesticides Use 

—  Employment Indicators 

Population 

—  Annual population 

Forestry 

—  Forestry Production and Trade 

—  Forestry Trade Flows 

ASTI R&D 
Indicators 

Emergency 
Response 

Source: FAOSTAT database [9] 

—  ASTI-Researchers 

—  ASTI-Expenditures 

—  Food Aid Shipments (WFP) 

Finally, FAO  also  provides  information  about  specific  SDGs (Sustainable  Development  Goals)  [10]  indicators 
related to food, hunger, gender equality, fishing, water and land. In addition, it has other parallel databases of 
interest, such as Aquastat (water resources and management) [11], FPMA (food prices) [12], FRA (Global Forest 
Resources) [13], or Fishstat (fishery and aquaculture) [14]. 

3.1.1.3  EEA (European Environment Agency) 

The European Environment Agency, focuses on providing data related to environmental policies and other topics 
related to the environment taking advantage of its extensive network. The main task or objectives of the EEA is 
to provide information and integrate environmental issues in policies (such as economic policies): integrated 
environmental assessments to reach sustainability.  

In  addition,  EEA  coordinates  Eionet  (The  European  environment  information  and  observation  network)  [15]. 
Eionet  is  coordinated  via  the  national  focal  points  (NFPs):  national  environment  agencies,  environment 
ministries… Eionet objectives are: institutional cooperation across levels (national, regional, EU, international), 
agreed common content (data, information, indicators, analysis), shared infrastructure (standards, tools). 

The topics and subtopics covered in the database [16] are included in the following table. As can be seen in the 
topics, they are varied (from economic sectors like transport, up to policy instruments. However, the common 
transversal topic is the environment, being this the approach on which the analyses are based. Based on the 
topics listed in the following table, the data in the EEA database can be filtered[16]: 

27 

 
Table 19.  Topics and subtopics covered in the EEA database 

EEA database 

Domains  of 
the data 

Topics 

Themes covered 

Air and 
climate 

Nature 

—  Air pollution  

—  Climate change 
adaptation 

—  Climate change 
mitigation 

—  Biodiversity — 
Ecosystems 

—  Land use 

—  Soil  

—  Water and 
marine 
environment 

—  Air quality: sources, COVID-19, concentrations, index, 

management, air pollution data, health impacts, and urban 
air quality 

—  Climate-ADAPT, impacts, vulnerability and risks, policies 

and actions  

—  EU greenhouse gas inventory, financing EU´s low carbon, 
climate-resilient future, ozone-depleting substances and 
climate change, policies and measures, trends and 
projections in EU. 

—  Introduction to habitats, species, habitat types and 

protected sites across Europe (EUNIS), forests, green 
infrastructure, Mapping Europe's ecosystems (MAES), 
Protected Areas, State of Nature in the EU, The Natura 
2000 protected areas network. 

—  Analytical assessment framework, land cover country 

factsheets. 

—  Contamination from local sources, soil and climate change. 

—  Europe's seas and coasts and European freshwater. 

—  Environment 

—  Chemicals, human biomonitoring, noise. 

Sustainability 
and well-
being 

Economic 
sectors 

and health 

—  Policy 

instruments 

—  Resource 

efficiency and 
waste 

—  Sustainability 
transitions 

—  Agriculture 

—  Energy 

—  Industry 

—  Transport 

—  European environmental policies, evaluation of their 

effectiveness,  

—  Resource efficiency, waste management, and waste 

prevention. 

—  Global megatrends and planetary boundaries, state of the 
Environment reporting in Europe, urban environment. 

—  Greening agricultural policy 

—  Renewable energy 

—  Industrial pollution country profiles 

—  Electric vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, speed limits, fuel 

consumption and air pollution, transport and Environment 
Reporting Mechanism (TERM), vehicles taxation 

Source: EEA database [16] 

3.1.1.4 

IEA (International Energy Agency) 

The IEA (International Energy Agency) [17] primary objective is to “shape a secure and sustainable energy future 
for all”. This agency is international (global impact) and provides analysis, data, policy recommendations, and 
solutions to energy sustainability. For this purpose, the IEA collaborates with governments and industry. 

The IEA was born to design a response to disruptions related to the supply of oil, being this an objective that 
remains, but also covering now the rest of types of fuel and technologies, including renewables, oil, gas, coal 

28 

 
supply/demand, energy efficiency, clean energy technologies, electricity systems and markets, access to energy, 
demand-side management, etc. 

In particular, the areas of work of IEA are the following:  

—  Promoting energy efficiency: it advises the governments to improve and to measure the effectiveness of 

efficiency policies.  

—  Ensuring energy security: the objectives are to ensure that the markets have energy assured and improve 

system resilience.  

—  International collaborations: organisations, forums, in the field of energy. It includes organisations such 
as the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), active role in energy discussions (e.g. within the International Energy 
Forum  (IEF)),  adviser  in  the  Conference  of  Parties  (COP),  collaborating  with  statistical  offices  such  as 
EUROSTAT, or regional organisations such as the African Union (AU). 

—  Data and statistics: from more than 100 countries (monthly or annual basis) 

—  Training: training activities covering modelling, technology, energy efficiency and renewable policies. 

—  Technology collaboration: partnership with international public and private research.  

—  Global engagement: international cooperation.  

—  Industry engagement: shaping policies in real-world (investments, actions, etc.) 

In relation to the data, the  covered energy  categories are coal, electricity, natural gas, oils, renewables, and 
waste. On the other hand, the different topics5 and data services6 that the International Energy Agency cover 
are the following:  

Table 20.  IEA database (data and statistics topics, and data services) 

IEA database 

Data  and  statistics: 
Energy topics 

—  Key indicators 

—  Energy supply 

—  Electricity and heat 

—  Nuclear 

—  Energy consumption  

—  CO2 emissions 

—  Imports/exports 

—  Efficiency indicators 

—  Coal 

—  Natural gas 

—  Oil 

—  Renewables and waste 

—  Prices 

—  Sustainable Development Goals 

—  Energy transition indicators 

—  Statistics package 

—  Renewables statistics 

—  World 

energy  balances  and 

—  Energy efficiency statistics 

Data services 

Source: IEA database [17] 

statistics 

—  Oil statistics 

—  Natural gas statistics 

—  Coal statistics 

—  Electricity statistics 

—  CO2 emissions statistics 

—  Prices and taxes 

—  Energy technology RD&D 

—  Energy policies data 

5  

6  

IEA database: data filtered by topics: https://www.iea.org/data-and-
statistics/?country=WORLD&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=Total%20primary%20energy%20supply%20(TPES)%20by%20sourc
e 
IEA data services: https://www.iea.org/subscribe-to-data-services/ 

29 

 
 
Finally, the energy topics can also be filtered by type of indicator (e.g. coal production by type) and country or 
region. 

3.1.1.5  ESPON Database 

Co-financed  by  the  European  Regional  Development  Fund,  the  ESPON  programme  aims  at  promoting  and 
fostering a European territorial dimension in development and cooperation by providing evidence, knowledge 
transfer and policy learning to public authorities and other policy actors at all levels. 

Figure 9.  ESPON Database portal homepage 

Source: ESPON database [18] 

Improved  territorial  observation  and  tools  for  territorial  analyses  are  one  of  its  most  important  objectives. 
Consequently, ESPON provides a wide range of tools to support the address of the current policy development, 
with valuable information and data for countries, regions, cities and citizens. 

Table 21.  ESPON database content 

ESPON Database 

Country 

—  EU countries 

—  Other countries: Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, 
Montenegro,  Serbia,  The  former  Yugoslav  Republic  of  Macedonia, 
Turkey, Ukraine 

Territorial scales covered 

—  NUTS 0, NUTS 1, NUTS 2, NUTS 3, LAU 1 or LAU 2. 

Data  themes  (and  number  of 
indicators by theme) 

—  Agriculture  and  fisheries 

—  Information Society (9) 

(22) 

—  Economy, finance and trade 

(226) 

—  Education (48) 

—  Environment  and  Energy 

(260) 

—  Governance (23) 

—  Health and Safety (00) 

—  Labour Market (57) 

—  Population 

and 

living 

conditions (291) 

—  Science and Technology (40) 

—  Territorial Structure (68) 

—  Transport  and  Accessibility 

(24) 

30 

 
 
International data sources 

—  EUROSTAT 

—  ESPON Projects  

—  EEA 

Type of data provided 

—  Graph data (.csv and .xls) 

—  Map data (shapefile) 

Online access 

https://database.espon.eu/ 

Source: ESPON database (abovementioned link) 

The data included mainly comes from European institutions such as EUROSTAT and EEA and from all ESPON 
projects. 

3.1.1.6  ESPON Data Navigator 

The  ESPON  Data  navigator  tool  provides  unique  access  point  data  from  different  relevant  data  sources  at 
different regional levels. 

Figure 10.  ESPON Data Navigator homepage 

Source: ESPON Data Navigator [19] 

The  ESPON  Data  Navigator is complementary  to  the  ESPON  Database  because  it  provides  an  overview  and 
access to data sources of National Statistic Institutes, whereas the ESPON Database provides data itself. 

Table 22.  ESPON Data Navigator content 

ESPON Data Navigator 

Countries covered 

—  EU countries 

—  Other countries: Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, 

Montenegro, Serbia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, 
Ukraine 

31 

 
 
Territorial scales 
covered 

—  NUTS 0, NUTS 1, NUTS 2, NUTS 3, LAU 1 or LAU 2. 

Data themes 

—  Economy, finance and trade 

—  Agriculture and fisheries 

International data 
sources 

—  Population and living conditions 

—  Transport and Accessibility 

—  Labour Market 

—  Education 

—  Environment and Energy 

—  Science and Technology 

—  Health and Safety 

—  Governance 

—  Information Society 

—  Territorial Structure 

—  Inspire Geoportal 

—  The Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development 

—  GEOSTAT 1km² population grid- 

EUROSTAT 

—  Vegetation  and  land  cover  1km² 

grid- University of Maryland 

grid-University 

of 

—  WorldClim 
California 

—  UN DATA 

—  Corine Land Cover 2000 raster 

—  World Bank 

data-EEA 

National data 
sources per country 

—  National Statistical Offices 

—  Geographic Institutes 

Online access 

https://apps.espon.eu/datanavigator/ 

Source: ESPON Data navigator (abovementioned link) 

3.1.2  Urban and Regional Data 

This section is devoted specifically to urban and regional data within statistical data. In  this line, several data 
sources have been highlighted: 

—  Urban data Platform Plus (section 3.1.2.1) 

—  Census data (section 3.1.2.3) 

—  Covenant of Mayors data: SECAPs (section 3.1.2.4) 

32 

 
 
 
3.1.2.2  Urban Data Platform Plus (UDPplus) 

The  Knowledge  Centre  for  Territorial  Policies  (KTCP)7  provides  access  to  platforms  and  models  that  aim  at 
generating scenarios and making information available to stakeholders and partners. Following an  integrated 
and  multi-disciplinary  approach,  KTCP  supports  the  analysis  of  policy  effects  holistically  and  at  the  most 
appropriate level. 

Among the tools provided by the KCTP, the UDPlus8 provides access to information on the status and trends of 
cities9 and regions and EU supported urban and territorial development strategies. 

Figure 11.  Urban Data Platform Plus (UDPlus) homepage 

Source: UDPlus [20] 

The platform is structured in four parts:  

1.  The Territorial Dashboard provides information on the status of several indicators at different scales 

2.  Trends, provides information and analysis on the tendency of each indicator to understand dynamics 

and contributes to inform debated on changes. 

3.  Thematic Analyses combines data with analytical capabilities, trying to connect the dots by drawing 

meaningful messages. 

7  
8  
9  

https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/territorial_en 
https://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu/#/en 
The cities included in Urban Data Platform comply with the EU-OECD definition: ‘A city is a local administrative unit where the majority 
of the population lives in an urban centre of at least 50 000 inhabitants’ 

33 

 
 
 
 
4.  Territorial and Urban Strategies Dashboard (STRAT-Board) provides knowledge based on the integrated 
approach to urban and territorial development supported by EU provisions and tools in 2014-2020. 
This part will be further explained in section 3.1.2.2.3. 

3.1.2.2.1 

Dashboard 

The following tables summarise the information that UDPlus provide in the Dashboard section. 

Table 23.  Dashboard (Urban Data Platform Plus) content 

Contextual 
scope 

Territorial scope 

Territorial scale 

Country 

Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), 
Bulgaria (BG), Cyprus (CY), 
Czechia (CZ), Germany (DE), 
Denmark (DK), Estonia (EE), 
Greece (EL), Spain (ES), Finland 
(FI), France (FR), Croatia (HR), 
Hungary (HU), Ireland (IE), Italy 
(IT), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg 
(LU), Latvia (LV), Malta (MT), 
Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), 
Portugal (PT), Romania (RO), 
Sweden (SE), Slovenia (SI), 
Slovakia (SK), United Kingdom 
(UK) 

Complete 

Typology 

National 

Africa 

Border regions 

Larger regions/Länder 

GHS Urban 
centres 

ARDECO 

Coastal regions 

Regional 

Mountain regions 

Sub-regional 

Geographycal area 

Metropolitan Regions 

European Union 

Functional Urban Areas 

Macro region 

Cities 

Adriatic and lonian regions 

Alpine regions 

Baltic sea regions 

Danube regions 

Source: UDPlus [20] 

Table 24.  Indicators contained in the Dashboard (Urban Data Platform Plus) 

Indicator(s) in UDP Plus Dashboard 

Demography 

—  Total population 

—  Total population by age 

—  Total population by sex 

—  Population weighted density 

—  Median population age 

—  Total population growth rate 

—  Crude rate of Natural change  

Population 
dynamics 

Migration 

—  Share of Population by Citizenship 

—  Crude rare of Net Migration 

—  Foreign Population over 15 years old 

—  Foreign Population > 15 years old (EU28 vs Extra-EU) 

Economy  

GDP 

—  Total GDP at current market prices 

—  GDP/inhabitant at current market prices 

—  GDP/inhabitant in % of EU average 

—  Total GDP in PPS 

34 

 
—  GDP/inhabitant in PSS 

—  GDP per inhabitant in % of EU average (PPS) 

—  GVA per inhabitant in % of EU average (PPS) 

—  GVA at current prices  

Competitiveness 

—  European Regional Competitiveness index 

Labour 
market 

Employment 

—  Total Employment (15-64) 

—  Total Employment / Jobs 

—  Employed of Foreigners vs Nationals (15-64) 

—  Employment of EU and non-EU Foreigners (15-64) 

—  Employment rate (15-64) 

Unemployment 

—  Total Unemployment (15-64) 

—  Unemployment of Nationals and Foreigners (15-64) 

—  Unemployment of Foreigners non-EU / EU28(15-64) 

—  Unemployment rate (20-64) 

—  Unemployment rate by sex (20-64) 

—  NEET 15-24 

Education 

Education  

—  Secondary Educational Attainment (25-64) 

—  Secondary Educational Attainment (25-64) by Sex 

—  Early leavers from Education (18-24) 

—  Early leavers from Education (18-24) by Sex 

—  Tertiary Educational Attainment (25-64) 

—  Tertiary Educational Attainment (25-64) by Sex 

—  Tertiary Educational Attainment (30-34) 

—  Tertiary Educational Attainment (30-34) by Sex 

Research& 
Innovation 

Research& 
Innovation 

—  Intramural R & D expenditure 

—  Intramural R & D expenditure by Sector 

Social Issues 

Social Issues 

—  Age Dependency ration 

—  Age Dependency ratio by Age class (old / young) 

—  Risk of Poverty and Social Exclusion 

—  People at Risk of Poverty 

—  Severe Material Deprivation 

Social progress 

—  Houses with Broadband Access 

—  Individuals who have never use a computer 

Transport & 
Accessibility 

Accessibility 

—  Daily Accessibility 

—  Network Efficiency 

—  Potential Accessibility 

35 

 
—  Transport Performance 

Transport 

—  Cars per thousand inhabitants 

—  Passenger Cars 

—  Motorbikes 

—  Motor coaches and Buses 

—  Utility Vehicles 

Environment 
& Climate 

Environment  

—  Land Use 

—  PM2.5 Emissions 

—  Emissions of volatile organic compound 

—  SO2 Emissions 

—  NH3 Emissions 

—  CO2 Emissions 

—  CO Emissions 

—  NOx Emissions 

—  PM10 Emissions 

—  Land Abandonment 

Climate 

—  Heating Degree days 

—  Cooling Degree days 

Security & 
Safety 

Security 

Safety 

—  Number of murders and violent deaths 

—  Killed in Road Accidents (per million inhabitants) 

—  Injured in Road Accidents (per million inhabitants) 

—  Killed in Road Accidents  

—  Injured in Road Accidents  

Source: Dashboard (Urban Data Platform Plus) [21] 

Last but not least, the indicators available at different scales, and can be downloaded in csv and json formats. 

3.1.2.2.2 

LUISA Territorial Modelling Platform 

The Land-Use based Integrated Sustainability Assessment (LUISA) Modelling Platform [22] is developed by the 
Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC). This Platform is primarily used for the ex-ante 
evaluation of the direct and indirect territorial impact of EC, linking macroeconomic and biophysical models and 
different thematic databases. It is based on the concept of ‘land function’ for cross-sector integration and the 
representation of complex system dynamics. These land functions also allow a multi-scale approach, as their 
dynamics interact from local to global scales influenced by muti-sector drivers, and they are temporally and 
spatially dynamic.  

The  baseline  (or  reference)  scenario  or  LUISA  assumes  official  socio-economic  trends  (from  DG  ECFIN  and 
EUROSTAT economic and demographic databases), including the effect of established European policies. 

The outcome of LUISA is a set of spatially explicit indicators that can be combined according to the ‘function’ 
of interest and/or to the sector under assessment. These sectors cover different themes: resource efficiency, 
sustainable urban development, ecosystems services, accessibility, etc. 

In addition, LUISA also provides information to the Urban Data Platform by obtaining urban indicators at various 
levels of aggregation. 

Technical aspects 

36 

 
The LUISA platform integrates different models that evaluate different policies and measures in time (when) 
and  spatially  (where).  Some  of  these  measures  can  be  infrastructural  investments,  valuation  of  regional 
subsidies, the setting of binding regulations, and the avoidance of impacts of climate extremes. For this purpose, 
the method works by dynamically allocating the demand (regional demand) and the supply of resources, the 
space occupied by socio-economic activities (housing, tourism…) and the infrastructures (transport, energy, etc.). 
This  allocation  of  population,  services  and  activities  is  based  on  the  most  optimal  100  grid  cells.      In  the 
allocation it must be considered the biophysical suitability (suitability maps), policies and regulatory framework, 
and other factors such as economic criteria. 

Land use demand is allocated to 100 grid cells following two steps:  

1.  Regional population changes allocated to the grid cells based on an attractiveness function of each 
pixel for residence. The basic rules are that if a grid cells holds at least six people, land is converted to 
urban  land  use.  On  the  other  hand,  if  urban  grid  cell  holds  less  than  two  people  is  converted  to 
abandoned urban land use. 

2.  Competition between “non-urban” land uses. For this, land use specific functions are based on a large 
number of factors, and the competition is also determined by attractiveness. In summary, the allocation 
is based on maximising the land utility but constrained by land-use demands (upstream) and supply 
land in a region.  

In the following Figure 12 [23] it is possible to check the structure and workflow of Luisa. As shown in the figure, 
the first step is to obtain the macro-economic variables resulting from specific sectoral models. This information 
is  mixed  with  geospatial  models,  which  provide  the  spatial  information  (physical  and  geographical  layers). 
Eurostat and ECFIN give demographic and economic projections and trends. 

Figure 12.  LUISA Structure and workflow 

Source: EU Science Hub. Technical description of LUISA. [23] 

The regional module generates the socio-economic  scenarios, and the results of  LUISA are  spatially explicit 
indicators projected in time (20030 or 2050) at various levels (national, regional, or other). 

Table 25 presents the different models integrated in LUISA: 

37 

 
 
Table 25.  Models integrated in LUISA platform covering different sectors 

Model  

EUROPOP 2010   

GEM-E3 

RHOMOLO 

LEITAP-IMAGE 

CAPRI 

G4M, CBM 

TRANSTOOLS 

Sector/ Policy 

Demography 

Economy 

Regional economy 

Economy 

Agriculture 

Forestry sector 

Transportation 

POLES, PRIMES, JRC-EU-TIMES 

Energy sector 

LISFLOOD/QUAL 

GREEN/EPIC 

RIAT 

ESTIMAP + 

Water quality 

Water quality 

Air quality 

Ecosystems services 

Source: EU Science Hub. Technical description of LUISA. [23] 

On  the  other  hand,  the  land  functions  can  be  physical  (e.g.  hydrology,  topography),  ecological  (landscape, 
phenology), social (housing, recreation), economic (production, employment, infrastructural) and political (policy 
decisions consequences). Thus, these functions are multi-sectorial, covering the following specific sectors: 

Table 26.  Sectors covered in the land functions for the allocation of the following aspects 

Function 

Economic 

Social 

Subfunction 

Employment 

Sectoral GVA (Gross Value Added) 

Recreational and cultural services 

Water 

Provision of products 

Food and biofuels 

Wood biomass 

Residential 

Settlements and infrastructures 

Industry, commerce 

Transport, technological infrastructures 

Mediation of nuisances 

38 

 
Regulation services by (natural) 
physical structures and processes 

Mediation of flows 

Atmosphere composition and climate regulation 

Maintenance of physical, chemical, biological conditions 

Ecosystems and biodiversity 

Biodiversity conservation 

Maintaining ecosystems 

Source: EU Science Hub. Technical description of LUISA. [23] 

3.1.2.2.3 

StratBOARD 

Within StratBOARD platform, users can explore  Sustainable Urban Development (SUD), Integrated Territorial 
Investment (ITI) and Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) strategies implemented in Europe under the 
ESIF (European Structural and Investment Funds)  type and the  different thematic objectives covered. In the 
following Table 27, the content of StratBOARD can be observed. 

Table 27.  StratBOARD content 

Countries 

European 
Investment Funds (ESIF) type 

Structural 

and 

Thematic objective 

European Union (EU), Austria (AT), 
Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), 
Croatia (HR), Cyprus (CY), Czech 
Republic (CZ), Germany (DE), 
Denmark (DK), Estonia (EE), 
Finland (FI), France (FR), Greece 
(EL), Hungary (HU), Ireland (IE), 
Italy (IT), Latvia (LV), Lithuania 
(LT), Luxembourg (LU), Malta 
(MT), Netherlands (NL), Poland 
(PL), Portugal (PT), Romania (RO), 
Slovenia (SI), Slovakia (SK), Spain 
(ES), Sweden (SE), United 
Kingdom (UK) 

European Regional Development 
Fund (ERDF) 

European Social Fund (ESF) 

TO-01 Research and Innovation 

TO-02 Information and 
Communication Technologies 

Cohesion fund (CF) 

TO-03 competitiveness of SMEs 

European Agricultural Fund for 
Rural Development (EAFRD)  

European Maritime and Fisheries 
Fund (EMFF) 

ERDF-European Territorial 
Cooperation 

No data 

TO-04 Low Carbon Economy 

TO-05 Climate change adaptation 
and Risks prevention 

TO-06 Environment protection 
and resource efficiency 

TO-07 Network infrastructures in 
Transport and Energy 

TO-08 Sustainable and Quality 
Employment 

TO-09 Social Inclusion 

TO-10 Educational and vocational 
training  

TO-11 Efficient Public 
administration 

Source: StratBOARD [24] 

Per strategy, the information provided is summarized in the following Table 28: 

39 

 
Table 28.  Information provided in STRATBoard 

Territorial 
delivery 
mechanism 

1.OP 

2. Priority Axis 

3. ITI 

4. CLLD 

No data 

Territorial focus 

Population  covered  per 
strategy 

contribution 

ESIF 
strategy 

per 

1.Area 
(district/neighbourhood) 

within 

city/town 

2.City, town or suburb 

3.Functional area 

4.City network 

5.Region 

6.Other specific territory 

No data 

No data 

1. <50K 

2. 50K-250K 

3. 250K-500K 

No data 

1. < 5 Mln 

2. 5 Mln - 10 Mln 

3. 10 Mln - 25 Mln 

4. 500K-2.5Mln 

4. 25 Mln - 100 Mln 

5. >2.5Mln 

5. > 100 Mln 

Source: StratBOARD [24] 

StratBOARD  also  provides  the  option  of  downloading  a  factsheet  per  country.  The  information  reported  in 
previous tables is collected at country level for easy use. 

Figure 13.  Fact sheets provided in STRATBoard 

Source: STRATBoard [24] 

3.1.2.3  Census data 

Census data [25] is the European Statistical System that provides useful information on population and housing 
census.  This  database  offers  valuable  information  at  different  geographical  levels  (from  nations  to 
municipalities including NUTS2 and NUTS3 levels).  Data can be  initially filtered by families and households, 
dwellings and persons to show the more relevant statistics. The following tables (0, 0 and Table 31) summarize 
the data that are included on the Census database. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 29.  Census data related to persons 

Persons 

Geographic level:  

Residence / Place of work 

Geographical level  Nations / NUTS 2 Regions / NUTS 3 Regions / Municipalities 

Sex 

Age 

Male and Female data 

Broad groups 

Five-years groups 

Groups by different age ranges 

Marital status 

Single-years groups 

—  Never married 

—  Married 

—  Widowed 

—  Divorced 

—  In a registered partnership 

—  Register partnership ended with the depth of a partner 

—  Register partnership legally dissolved 

—  Not stated 

—  Partners 

—  Lone partners 

Family status 

Broad groups 

—  Sons/daughters 

—  Not stated 

—  Not applicable 

Detailed groups 

Include subdivisions from broad groups. 

Broad groups 

—  Persons living in a private household 

—  Persons not living in a private household 

Household status 

Intermediate groups 

Include subdivisions from broad groups. 

Detailed groups 

Include subdivisions from intermediate groups. 

—  Currently economically active (employed, unemployed) 

Current activity 
status 

Broad groups 

—  Currently not economically active 

—  Not stated 

Detailed groups 

Include subdivisions from broad groups. 

Occupation 

—  Managers, 

—  Professionals 

41 

 
—  Technicians and associate professionals 

—  Clerical support workers 

—  Service and sales workers 

—  Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 

—  Craft and related trades workers 

—  Plant and machine operators and assemblies 

—  Elementary occupations 

—  Armed forces occupations 

—  Not stated 

—  Not applicable. 

Industry 

—  Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

—  Manufacturing, mining and quarrying, and other industry 

—  Construction 

—  Wholesale and retail trade, transportation and storage, 

accommodation and food service activities 

—  Information and communication 

—  Financial and insurance activities 

Broad groups 

—  Real estate activities 

—  Professional, scientific, technical, administrative and 

support service activities 

—  Public administration, defence, education, human health 

and social work activities 

—  Other services 

—  Not stated 

—  Not applicable 

Detailed groups 

Include subdivisions from broad groups. 

Status in 
employment 

—  Employees 

—  Employers 

—  Others 

—  Not stated 

—  Not applicable 

—  In the territory of the Member State 

Place of work 

—  Not in the territory of the Member State 

Educational 
attainment 

—  Not applicable (not working) 

—  No formal education 

—  Primary education 

—  Lower secondary education 

—  Upper secondary education 

42 

 
—  Post-secondary non-tertiary education 

—  First stage of tertiary education 

—  Second stage of tertiary education 

—  Not stated (of the persons aged 15 years or over) 

—  Not applicable (persons under 15 years of age)  

Size of the locality  Groups by different inhabitants’ ranges 

In the country, 
abroad 

Place of birth 

—  Place of birth in reporting country 

—  Place of birth not in reporting country 

—  Other 

—  Not stated 

Continents 

Include subdivisions from in the country, abroad labels. 

Individual countries  Data at country level from continents subdivisions 

Nationals, 
foreigners 

Country of 
citizenship 

—  Citizenship of reporting country 

—  Citizenship not of reporting country 

—  Stateless 

—  Not stated 

Continents 

Include subdivisions from national, foreigner’s labels. 

Individual countries  Data at country level from continents subdivisions 

—  Ever resided abroad and arrived in 2000 or after 

—  Resided abroad and arrived in 1999 or before, or never resided abroad 

—  Not stated 

Presence in the 
country since 
2000 

Year of arrival in 
the country 

Five-years groups 

—  Ever resided abroad and arrived in 1980 or after 

—  Resided abroad and arrived in 1979 or before, or never 

resided abroad 

—  Not stated 

Single-years groups 

The same as previous but in yearly data 

Residence one 
year before 

Housing 
arrangements 

—  Usual residence unchanged 

—  Usual residence changed 

—  Not stated 

—  Not applicable 

—  Occupants living in a conventional dwelling or in a 

collective living quarter 

Broad groups 

—  Occupants living in another housing unit and the 

homeless 

—  Not stated  

43 

 
Detailed groups 

More detailed labels for broad groups  

Source: Census Hub [25] 

Table 30.  Census data related to families and households 

Families and households: show data on residences 

Geographic level 

Nations / NUTS 2 Regions / NUTS 3 Regions / Municipalities 

Type of family 
nucleus 

—  Married coupled families 

—  Registered partnership couple families 

Broad groups 

—  Consensual union couple families 

—  Lone father families 

—  Lone mother families 

Detailed groups 

More detailed labels for broad groups  

—  2 persons 

Broad groups 

—  3 to 5 persons 

—  6 and more persons 

Intermediate 
groups 

Detailed labels for broad groups 

—  2 persons 

—  3 to 5 persons 

Detailed groups 

—  6 and more persons 

Size of family 
nucleus 

—  11 and more persons 

—  (detailed labels in each group) 

—  Non-family households (one person or multi-person 

Type of private 
households 

Broad groups 

household) 

—  One-family households 

—  Two-or-more-family households 

Detailed groups 

Detailed labels for broad groups 

Broad groups 

—  1 person 

—  2 persons 

—  3 to 5 persons 

—  6 and more persons 

Size of private 
households 

Intermediate 
groups 

Detailed labels for broad groups 

—  1 person 

Detailed groups 

—  2 persons 

—  3 to 5 persons 

44 

 
—  6 and more persons 

—  11 or more persons 

—  (detailed labels in each group) 

Tenure status of 
households 

—  Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit 

—  Households of which at least one member is a tenant of all part of the housing 

unit 

—  Household occupying all or part of a housing unit under some other form of 

tenure 

—  Not stated 

Source: Census Hub [25] 

Table 31.  Census data related to dwellings 

Dwellings: Show data on Location 

Geographic level 

Nations / NUTS 2 Regions / NUTS 3 Regions / Municipalities 

Type of living 
quarter 

Occupancy status 

Type of ownership 

—  Occupied conventional dwellings 

—  Other housing unit 

—  Collective living quarters 

—  Not stated 

—  Occupied conventional dwellings 

—  Unoccupied conventional dwellings (for seasonal or secondary use, or vacant 

dwellings) 

—  Not stated 

—  Owner-occupied dwellings 

—  Dwellings in cooperative ownership 

—  Rented dwellings 

—  Dwellings in other types of ownership 

—  Not stated 

—  Not applicable 

Broad groups 

—  1 person 

—  2 persons 

—  3 to 5 persons 

—  6 and more persons 

Number of 
occupants 

Intermediate 
groups 

Detailed labels for broad groups 

Detailed groups 

—  1 person 

—  2 persons 

—  3 to 5 persons 

—  6 and more persons 

45 

 
—  11 or more persons 

—  (detailed labels in each group) 

Useful floor space 

Groups by different square metres 

Density standard 
(floor space) 

Groups by different square metres per occupant 

Number of rooms 

Groups for 1 to 9 rooms and more 

Density standard 
(number of rooms) 

Water supply 
system 

Groups by different number of rooms per occupant 

—  Piped water in the housing unit 

—  No piped water in the housing unit 

—  Not stated 

Flush toilet in the housing unit 

Toilet facilities 

No flush toilet in the housing unit 

Not stated 

Fixed bath or shower in the housing unit 

Bathing facilities 

No fixed bath or shower in the housing unit 

Not stated 

Central heating 

Type of heating 

No central heating 

Not stated 

—  Conventional  dwellings  in  residential  buildings  (one-dwelling,  two-dwelling, 

Type of building 

—  Conventional dwellings in non-residential buildings 

three or more dwelling building) 

—  Not stated 

—  Before 1919 

Period 
construction 

of 

—  1919-1945 | 1946-1960 | 1961-1970 | 1971-1980 | 1981-1990 | 1991-2000 

| 2001-2005 | 2006 and later 

—  Not stated 

Source: Census Hub [25] 

Census data could be useful to evaluate general statistical data at the regional and country level. The Census 
database includes aggregated data useful to understand persons, families and households and dwelling in a 
general context, developing a common framework to obtain making possible to understand the general baseline 
of  different  European  regions.  However,  more  local  and  detailed  data  are  necessary  to  improve  regional 
evaluation considering energy assessment requirements. 

46 

 
3.1.2.4  Covenant of Mayors data: SECAPs 

An additional source of data at  a local scale potentially useful in the context of a Regional Energy Strategy 
policy cycle is represented by SECAP (Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans), provided by the signatories 
of the Covenant of Mayor initiative10. 

Each  action  plan  defines  mitigation  target(s)  and  adaptation  goal(s)  and  is  based  on  a  Baseline  Emission 
Inventory and a Risk & Vulnerability Assessment, which analyses the current situation at a given moment. They 
serve as a basis for defining a comprehensive set of actions that signatories plan to undertake  to reach the 
climate mitigation and adaptation goals and alleviate energy poverty. 

Local  authorities joining  the  Covenant  of  Mayors  for  Climate  and Energy  initiative  commit  to  submitting  an 
action plan within two years after formally signing up to the initiative. 

Based on the following documents: 

—  Guidebook 'How to develop  a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP)'  -  Part 1: The SECAP 

process, step-by-step towards low-carbon and climate-resilient cities by 203011, 

—  Guidebook  'How  to  develop  a  Sustainable  Energy  and  Climate  Action  Plan  (SECAP)'  -  Part  2:  Baseline 

Emission Inventory (BEI) and Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (RVA)12, 

—  Guidebook 'How to develop a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP)' - Part 3: Policies, key 

actions, good practices for mitigation and adaptation to climate change and Financing SECAP(s)13, 

the signatories fill-in a SECAP template14 (0), providing data potentially useful for a Regional Energy Strategy, 
such as the baseline emission inventory, containing an estimation of the final energy consumption per energy 
carrier (electricity, district heating and cooling, several types of fossil fuels, several types of renewable energies) 
per sector (municipal buildings and equipment/facilities, public lighting, tertiary buildings, residential buildings, 
Industry  –  not  subject  to  the  Emission  Trading  Scheme,  municipal  transport,  public  transport,  private  and 
commercial transport, agriculture/forestry/fisheries). 

It  is  to  be  highlighted  that  the  potential  relevance  of  this kind  of  data  in  the  context  of  a  Regional  Energy 
Strategy can be hindered by a series of obstacles such as the possible inaccuracy and/or incompleteness of the 
estimations of the final energy consumption, the presence of data gaps in terms of the spatial coverage of the 
region (not all the municipalities of the region are Covenant signatories) and the current poor interoperability 
of the SECAP data (the SECAP are currently publicly available as pdf documents and hopefully in the near future 
available as open data structured in a database). 

10   https://www.covenantofmayors.eu/en/ 
11   https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC112986/jrc112986_kj-na-29412-en-n.pdf 
12   https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC112986/jrc112986_kj-nb-29412-en-n.pdf 
13   https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC112986/jrc112986_kj-nc-29412-en-n.pdf 
14   https://www.covenantofmayors.eu/support/library.html 

47 

 
 
 
 
Figure 14.  Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan Template 

Source: Covenant of Mayors  

3.1.3  Building Stock Data 

Like the previous section, this section focuses on a specific relevant sector that can impact the generation of 
regional  energy  strategies:  the  built  environment.  To  this  end,  main  data  sources  related  to  building  stock 
characterization are explained, in particular: 

—  TABULA/ EPISCOPE (section 3.1.3.1) 

—  Building Stock Observatory (section 3.1.3.2) 

—  ENTRANZE (section 3.1.3.3) 

—  DEEP database (section 3.1.3.4) 

—  ODYSEE/MURE (section 3.1.3.5) 

3.1.3.1  TABULA / EPISCOPE 

The TABULA  web  tool is one of the main outcomes of the TABULA  project (IEE/08/495, June  2009  –  May 
2012), whose analyses were continued with the EPISCOPE project (IEE/12/695/SI2.644739, April 2013 – March 
2016) [26]. Both projects were coordinated by the Institut Wohnen und Umwelt, Darmstadt / Germany. Whereas 
the first project (TABULA) focused on the residential typologies of 13 countries in the EU, the EPISCOPE project 
went  one  step  further  and  aimed  at  making  the  refurbishment  processes  in  Europe  more  transparent  and 
effective with the aim to ensure that the climate protection targets will actually be attained and that corrective 
or enhancement actions can be taken in due time  [27]. Other relevant results of both projects can be found 
below: 

Table 32.  TABULA / EPISCOPE relevant results 

TABULA / EPISCOPE relevant results 

Tabula web tool 

Described below, access point here [28] 

Monitor progress towards 
climate targets in European 
Housing Stocks 

Final EPISCOPE Project report [29] 

48 

 
 
Scenario Analyses on Local 
Building Stocks 

Regional and national 
building stocks 

Available for BE, CY, CZ, FR, HU. IE, RS, SI [30] 

Available for AT, DE, ES, GB, GR, IT, NL, NO, SI. [31] 

Monitoring report 

Available for AT, BE, CY, CZ, DE, ES, FR, EN, GR, HU, IE, IT, NL, NO, RS, SI. [32] 

Application of Energy 
Performance Indicators for 
Residential Building Stocks 

Explains the indicator concepts (monitoring and scenario indicators) used for 
residential building stock as used in the EPISCOPE project [33] 

TABULA calculator 

Excel workbook that includes current TABULA typology data [34] 

Calculation methods [35] 

The calculation method used within the abovementioned excel, which are 
based on CEN standards, are shown in the referenced document. [36] 

Source: own elaboration, based on information of TABULA / EPISCOPE projects [26] 

In  particular,  in  the  TABULA  project  (“Typology  Approach  for  Building  Stock  Energy  Assessment”), residential 
building typologies were developed for 13 European countries (AT, BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, EL, IE, IT, PL, RS, SE, 
SI). Each typology is defined according to the building’s size, age and additional parameters. Summary sheets 
per country are provided in each of the countries’ language (“Building Typology Brochures”). However, to enable 
the exchange of information on the European level, the TABULA web tool was created, which allows users to 
make cross-country comparisons of national residential building typologies and provides exemplary buildings 
for showcasing, as well as national building stock models. This is depicted in Figure 15. 

Figure 15.  TABULA web tool scheme 

Source: TABULA / EPISCOPE [26] 

When accessing the web tool, the number of countries has been broadened during the EPISCOPE project to end 
up covering: AT, BA, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR,  GB, GR, HU, IE, IT, NL, NO, PL, RS, SE, and SI, as it can be 
observed in the following Figure 16. As it can be seen, there are four main tabs to consult information on the 
building typologies. It is worth mentioning that for each of the building typologies, three energy performance 
levels are depicted: (1) the existing state, (2) usual refurbishment and (3) advanced refurbishment: 

49 

 
 
1.  Building typologies: shows an overview of the typologies contained in the selected country. In the 
case of Figure 16, the building typologies for Bosnia Herzegovina are displayed. How these typologies 
are presented will be explained in the following sections. Also, within this tab, there is the possibility to 
select buildings (figure shown), select systems, display building and system data, display charts of the 
energy balance of the building typologies available (charts 1, 2, 3), show comparison charts on a series 
of indicators, and download PDFs (Calculation PDF 1, 2, 3) with the energy balance calculations of each 
of the performance levels. 

2.  Building stock: this tab allows to consult EPISCOPE case studies by presenting the starting point data 
for the scenarios developed in this country (“basic case”). For this basis data, some of the outcomes of 
the TABULA project have been used. These case studies are available at three different scales: national 
level (for DE, DK, GB, GR, NL, NO, and SI), regional (for AT, ES, and IT), and local (for BE, CY, CZ, DK, FR, 
HU, IE). 

3.  Calculations: known as “Expert Area”, this tab allows experts to select specific typologies and systems 
and export calculations in excel and pdf format on thermal insulation measures and energy balance 
calculations.  This  is  particularly  useful  to  export  and  analyse  information  in  a  more  user-friendly 
manner than through the abovementioned “Tabula calculator” (Table 32). 

4.  Additional  information: the “about” section provides additional information on  using the tool, the 
terms used, access methods, etc. Thus, to appropriately use the tool, it is highly recommendable to 
consult this tab first. 

Figure 16.  TABULA web tool content 

Source: own elaboration based on TABULA web tool [28] 

Finally, as mentioned above, an explanation of the characterisation of the building typologies is provided in the 
following table: 

Table 33.  TABULA Building typology configuration 

TABULA Building typology configuration 

Country 

Region 

AT, BA, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IT, NL, NO, PL, RS, SE, and 
SI 

Depending on the country, this value corresponds to the scope of the typology 
presented. It can be a dataset that refers to the national level of that country 
(e.g. in the case of BA or CY), to a region defined in administrative terms (e.g. 
DE), or to a region defined to its climate (e.g. ES, IT). Thus, in some countries, 
only typologies for a portion of their territory are present. 

50 

AVAILABLE COUNTRIES1.BUILDING TYPOLOGIES2. BUILDINGSTOCK3. CALCULATIONS4. ADDITIONALINFORMATION 
 
Construction year class 

Ranges  of  construction  years.  These  years  are  established  differently 
according to the country. 

Additional classification 

For instance, if a further classification is required, specifying a building type 
that needs to be further characterised, this additional column allows  doing 
so. This is the case of BE, BG, or DE. 

Building type 

Energy performance level 

Systems consideration 

The  building  type  considers  general  geometrical  characteristics  of  the 
residential buildings. In this line, four categories are identified: single-family 
house (SFH), terraced house (TH), multi-family house (MFH), and apartment 
block (AB). Not all countries cover all building types for all the construction 
year ranges. 

The TABULA web tool also provides three levels of energy performance for 
each of the established typologies. The buildings can be: (1) in their original 
state, (2) under a normal refurbishment, or (3) advanced refurbishment. For 
each of the levels, the typical construction elements used can be seen. 

The characterisation of possible systems within the building typologies is also 
present. It is also classified as the energy performance levels (i.e. there are 
three possible energy performance levels for each possible system). However, 
more than one system set can exist for every building typology established. 

Source: own elaboration based on TABULA web tool [28] 

3.1.3.2  Building Stock Observatory 

The  Building  Stock  Observatory  (BSO)  emerges  to  support  the  implementation  of  policies  mainly  related  to 
energy (EPBD [37], EED [38], RED [39]), as part of the Clean Energy for all Europeans package [1] to monitor the 
improvement of energy efficiency in the buildings and evaluate its impact in the energy consumption in the 
sector in the European Member States. 

It is developed under the contract ENER/C3/2014-54 by a consortium formed by BPIE, ECN, Enerdata, Ecofys 
and SEVEn, in cooperation with 20 national partners and a varied set of actors. 

The main objectives of this project can be summarised as followed: 

—  Generation of a methodological framework for monitoring the building stock of the EU-27 countries in 
the context of the energy efficiency policies, including a series of quantitative, guidance in the gathering 
and data analysis and strategies to deal with the lack of data. 

—  Statistics gathering in the EU-28 countries and providing  an image of the current state of the energy 

performance in the European building stock. 

—  Dissemination of results through a publicly accessible web portal. 

—  Establishment of a methodology for the continuous monitoring of the building sector and maintenance 

of the website, as well as all communication channels. 

Three main results are presented to the public: 

3.  The database [40]: contains a series of 250 indicators on the following topics: 

(a)  Building stock characteristics 

(b)  Building shell performance 

(c)  Technical building systems 

(d)  Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings 

(e)  Building renovation 

(f)  Energy consumption 

(g)  Certification 

51 

 
(h)  Financing 

(i)  Energy poverty 

(j)  Energy market 

4.  The data mapper [41]: the BSO data mapper is a user-friendly way to access the data. It allows users 
to navigate the data by presenting maps and graphs that can be downloaded. A picture of the data 
mapper can be found in Figure 17. 

5.  The factsheets [42]: thematic and country-specific factsheets that address the most relevant issues 
are available. They present the most important features, including indicators and recommendations in 
relation to the implementation of EU buildings legislation and key statistics. 

Figure 17.  EU Buildings Datamapper 

Source: EU Building Stock Observatory [41] 

3.1.3.3  ENTRANZE 

ENTRANZE is a project funded by the Intelligent Energy Europe  Programme. Its  main  objective is to actively 
support  policy  making  by  providing  the  required  data,  analysis  and  guidelines  to  achieve  a  fast  and  strong 
penetration of nZEB and RES-H/C within the existing national building stocks. The project  intends to connect 
building experts from European research and academia to national decision makers and key stakeholders to 
build ambitious but reality proof policies and roadmaps [43]. 

52 

 
 
 
 
Figure 18.  ENTRANZE website 

Source: ENTRANZE website [43] 

Two main results have to be highlighted about this project: 

1.  The online data tool [44] provides maps and graphs that enable to characterise the buildings stock 
(residential, non-residential buildings) and information on their heating and AC systems and energy 
use. The European sources behind the data displayed are the following, which were complemented by 
national specific national sources: 

a.  Odysee (more information on section 3.1.3.5) 

b.  Building Performance Institute Europe (BPIE) 

c.  TABULA (more information on section 3.1.3.1) 

d.  EUROSTAT (more information on section 3.1.1.1) 

e.  European Union of Developers and House Builders (UEPC) 

2.  Scenario results provide alternative scenarios of the development of the building stock and its energy 

demand for nine target countries up to 2030. 

3.1.3.4  DEEP database 

The  DEEP  database  is the  main  outcome  of  EEFIG De-risking  Project,  which  is a  continuation  of  the  Energy 
Efficiency Financial Institution Group (EEFIG) 2015 report and the findings.  

Aiming  to  create  an  open-source  database  for  energy  efficiency  investments  performance  monitoring  and 
benchmarking, the project delivered de-risking energy efficiency platform (DEEP), and an open-source initiative 
to  enlarge  energy  efficiency  investments  in  Europe  through  a  transparent  and  enhance  the  analysis  of  the 
existing projects in buildings and industries. 

The data provided in the platform is divided into two main groups: EE projects in buildings and in industries, and 
there are currently data from 7767 projects on EE in industries and 9421 projects on EE in industries, which 
have been provided by financial and financing institutions, both public and authorities, national and regional 
authorities, and providers of energy efficiency solutions. 

The main objective of the DEEP Platform is to better understand the real risks and benefits of energy efficiency 
investments based on market evidence and track record. 

The DEEP platform offers several services to the users: 

53 

 
 
1.  A quick overview of the buildings and industry projects in the DEEP. 

Figure 19.  DEEP database homepage 

Source: DEEP database [45] 

2.  A  comprehensive  (but  still  aggregated)  overview  of  the  energy  efficiency  projects  in  the  DEEP, 
presenting the distribution of the indicators payback time and avoidance cost of the energy efficiency 
projects in Buildings or Industry. 

3.  A  functionality  to  view  and  filter  a  number  of  predefined  charts  for  buildings  and  industry  energy 

efficiency projects. 

Detailed information per project is presented as “Charts” in which the user can filter the projects that will be 
included in the analysis and shown in the charts based on: 

Table 34.  Filter possibilities available in the DEEP platform 

Filter category 

Filter subcategory 

Buildings 

Industry 

Country 

EU-27 / Canada / United states 

Measure type 

Building fabric measures 

Compressed Air 

Combination of Building Fabric and HVAC 

Cooling 

Heating 

ICT 

Metering,  Monitoring  and  Energy 
Management 

Motors 

Power Systems 

Pumps 

Refrigeration 

Street Lighting 

Waste heat (without power generation) 

Waste heat (with power generation) 

Other 

Integrated Renovation 

Lighting 

HVAC plant 

Ventilation and air conditioning 

Other 

54 

 
 
Building/Company 
type 

Detached single family dwellings 

MICRO for Micro-enterprises 

Data centre 

SMALL for Small enterprises 

Other single-family dwellings 

MEDIUM for Medium-sized enterprises 

Multi-family buildings 1-4 storeys 

LARGE for Large enterprises 

Multi-family buildings 5+ storeys 

Office buildings 

Wholesale and retail trade 

Hotel & restaurants 

Health care 

Educational buildings 

Sports facilities 

Industry 

Verification 

Verified / Non-verified / Unknown 

rate 
Discount 
avoidance cost 

for 

0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15% 

Source: DEEP database [45] 

Once the filter criteria have been defined, the projects’ data is shown and the user can visualize the following 
charts: 

Table 35.  Data per project available in the DEEP platform 

Data / project 

Detailed description 

Energy savings 

Energy saving potential in buildings (GWh/a) by average payback time (year) and use. 

Median data per building type is shown. 

Payback per 
measure 

Payback per 
building type 

Avoidance cost 
per measure  

Avoidance cost 
per building 
type 

Unit energy 
service per 
measure 

Unit energy 
service per 
building type 

Distribution of payback time on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per measure type. 

Median data per type of measure is shown. 

Distribution of payback time on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per building type. 

Median data per building type is shown. 

Avoidance cost per measure on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per measure type. 

Median data per type of measure is shown 

Avoidance cost per measure on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per building type. 

Median data per building type is shown. 

Annual energy cost savings distribution per measure type (EUR/m2year) on 10%, 25% 
75% and 90% percentiles per measure type 

Median data per type of measure is shown. 

Annual energy cost savings distribution per building type (EUR/m2year) on 10%, 25% 
75% and 90% percentiles per measure type 

Median data per type of measure is shown. 

55 

 
Internal rate of 
return (IRR) 

Net present 
value (NPV) 

Distribution on IRR on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per measure type. 

Median data per type of measure is shown. 

Distribution on NPV on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per measure type. 

Median data per type of measure is shown. 

(Calculated by introducing the energy price €/kWh and the discount rate %) 

CO2 Savings 

CO2 Savings (ton CO2/y) on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% percentiles per measure type. 

Median data per type of measure is shown. 

(Calculated by introducing the country and the energy fuel) 

Energy 
Demands 

Specific energy demand before/after investments on 10%, 25% 75% and 90% 
percentiles per measure type. 

Expressed in kWh/m2year and in CO2 g/m2year 

(Calculated by introducing the country) 

Source: DEEP database [45] 

4.  A functionality for data providers to upload and manage data on their energy efficiency projects. 

5.  An analysis Toolbox, which allows users to create charts in a dynamic and highly customizable manner 

6.  A functionality, which allows users to benchmark their own projects and portfolios of projects against 

a selected group of reference projects from the DEEP database. 

The De-risking Energy Efficiency Platform (DEEP) can be accessed online at http://deep.eefig.eu 

3.1.3.5  ODYSSEE / MURE 

The Odyssee-Mure project relies on two complementary databases: 

—  Odyssee, the European Energy Efficiency Data base, has collected for the last two decades valuable and 
detailed energy efficiency and CO2 emissions indicators so that it provides a review and benchmark of EU 
members’  progress  in  the  energy  efficiency  target.  It  contains  detailed  information  on  energy 
consumption by end-use,  

Figure 20.  Odyssee Data base homepage 

Source: Odyssee Data base [46] 

56 

 
 
Table 36.  Odysee database content 

Odyssee database 

Managed by 

Enerdata 

Data provider 

National representatives, such as energy agencies or statistical organization, from all 
EU countries as well as Norway, Switzerland and Serbia. 

Database content per sector 

MACRO 

Macro Sectors 

Total 

Industry 

Transport 

Residential-Tertiary-Agriculture 

Macro-Economic 
Data 

Primary consumption 

Final consumption 

Demography 

GDP, Value-added 

Macro Energy 
Efficiency 
Indicators 

Primary energy intensity 

Final energy intensity 

Energy efficiency index 

CO2 emissions 

CO2 intensity 

INDUSTRY 

Industry Branches  Chemical industry 

Primary metals 

Non-metallic mineral 

Paper & Printing 

Food & beverages 

Textile 

Machinery & Fabricated metals 

Transport equipment 

Miscellaneous industries 

Wood 

Mining 

Industry 
Economic Data 

Energy consumption by branch 

Production index by branch 

Value added by branch 

Physical production for intensive products 

57 

 
 
 
 
Industry Energy 
Efficiency 
Indicators 

Energy efficiency Index 

Energy intensity by branch 

Energy intensity at adjusted structure 

Specific consumption by intensive products (toe/ton) 

CO2 intensity by sector 

TRANSPORT 

Transport modes 

Road: Cars, Two-wheels, Bus, Trucks & light vehicles, Light 
vehicles, Trucks 

Rail 

Water 

Air 

Transport 
Technical & 
Economic Data 

Energy consumption by fuel and by mode 

Stock of vehicles by fuel 

Registrations by vehicle and fuel type 

Traffic by mode 

Annual distance travelled by vehicle type 

Transport Energy 
Efficiency 
Indicators 

Energy efficiency index 

Specific consumption by vehicle, in liters/100km 

Specific emissions of CO2 by mode and vehicle 

HOUSEHOLDS 

Residential end-
uses 

Residential 
Technical & 
Economic Data 

Residential 
Energy Efficiency 
Indicators 

SERVICES 

Services & 
Agriculture 
Branches 

Space heating 

Water heating 

Cooking 

Energy consumption 

Stock of dwellings 

New dwellings 

Floor area of dwelling 

Stock of appliances 

Equipment rate 

Degree day 

Energy efficiency index 

Specific consumption by dwelling, by end uses and by 
equipment 

Specific emissions of CO2 

CO2 indicators 

Hotels & Restaurants 

Health 

Education 

Administration 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale & retail trade 

Private offices 

Agriculture 

Energy consumption 

Value added 

Floor area 

Employment 

Energy intensity 

Electric intensity 

Specific consumption per employee, floor area 

CO2 emissions 

Services & 
Agriculture 
Economic Data 

Services & 
Agriculture 
Energy Efficiency 
Indicators 

Tools 

Six data tools to monitor progress in the market penetration of a selection of energy-efficient technologies 
and practices, identify the  drivers  responsible for the  variation of energy consumption, and compare and 
benchmark the energy efficiency of performance of countries. 

—  Key indicators tool 

—  Market diffusion 

—  Decomposition 

—  Comparison 

—  Energy saving 

—  Indicators Scoreboard tool 

Access 

Free  for  all  EU  Ministries,  Concerted  Action  EED,  EED  Committee  Members  and  EU 
universities and research centres for non-commercial uses 

Online access 

https://www.odyssee-mure.eu/private/ 

Source: Odyssee Data base [46] 

—  MURE (Mesures d'Utilisation Rationnelle de l'Energie) database provides information on energy efficiency 
policies and  measures  that  have  been  carried  out  in  the  Member  States of  the  European  Union  (plus 
Norway, Switzerland and Serbia). 

59 

 
 
 
Figure 21.  MURE Data base homepage 

Source: MURE Data base [47] 

Table 37.  MURE database content 

MURE II database 

Managed by 

Fraunhofer-ISI with the technical support of Enerdata 

Policy 
structure 

Database 

Sector 

General cross-cutting 

Household  

Industry 

Service 

Transport 

Country 

European Union 

Norway, Switzerland and Serbia 

Measure 

Status: completed, ongoing, proposed,  

Starting year 

Impacts 

Relation to EU Policy Frame 

Data  provided  per 
policy 

Country 

Short description 

Reference 

Status 

Type 

Free 

Access 

Online access 

Source: MURE Data base [47] 

Targeted energy end use 

Policy description 

Interaction with other policies 

Historical data sources 

https://www.measures.odyssee-mure.eu/energy-efficiency-policies-
database.html#/ 

60 

 
 
3.2 

Geospatial data sources 

This section has a more geographical focus to provide georeferenced data that can support the numerical data 
sources that have been introduced in the previous section, without analysing the INSPIRE data themes and the 
corresponding available datasets, which will be covered in the next deliverables. In particular, this section will 
focus on Copernicus data (section 3.2.1) and Open Street Map data (section 3.2.2). 

3.2.1  Copernicus data 

Copernicus  is  the  European  system  for  Earth  monitoring.  It  offers  information  services  based  on  Earth 
Observation  and  “in  situ”  data  covering  six  thematic  areas:  atmosphere  monitoring,  marine  environment 
monitoring,  land  monitoring,  climate  change,  emergency  management  and  security.  Data  provided  by 
Copernicus  could  be  useful  to  develop  geographical  energy  models,  including  the  potential  of  areas  for 
renewable energy and suitability analysis (land availability) to develop different scenarios. These energy models 
based on geographical data could help decision-makers and experts to enforce the energy transition. 

Considering the data available in the different thematic areas of Copernicus, the following table includes the 
most  relevant  data  that  can  be  used  to  develop  regional  assessment  in  the  energy  context,  considering 
renewable energy potential and suitability areas. 

Table 38.  Most relevant data contained in Copernicus Services: Land Monitoring and Climate Change Services 

Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 

Urban atlas 

It is currently composed of 438 Functional Urban Areas covering land-
use  types  in  urban  environments.  It  also  includes  attributes  for  the 
population at urban scale 

Building heights 

Include building heights in urban areas of capitals in the EEA39 

European Settlement Map 

It  provides  a  spatial  raster  dataset  that  maps  human  settlements  in 
Europe. It could be helpful in obtaining building footprints or to develop 
spatial planning analysis 

Corine Land Cover 

It consists of an inventory of land cover in 44 classes being useful to 
develop spatial planning analysis 

Copernicus Climate Change Service 

CORDEX  regional  climate  model 
data on single levels for Europe 

Climate data useful to model different potential for renewable energy 
using historical data and data provided by different future scenarios 

Water  quantity 
Europe 

indicators  for 

Flow  data  useful  to  model  different  potential  for  hydro  energy  using 
historical and future data 

CMIP5 daily data on single levels  Global climate data at an hourly level for historical and future scenarios 

Source: Own elaboration based on data from Copernicus Services. 

Copernicus data are freely available. It is only required to be registered in each service to access and download 
the relevant data for your analysis. 

Finally, demonstrator projects using Copernicus data are available in the Climate Change Service, whose data 
could be useful to analyse energy trends. This is the case of The European Climatic Energy Mixes (ECEM), whose 
proof-of-concept offers data at  the country level considering the relevant impacts of  climate change in the 
energy mix. Energy demand, hydro, wind and solar energy data for  different scenarios developed under the 
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are available. 

61 

 
3.2.2  OpenStreetMap 

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative and open-source framework to develop a set of maps that complement 
the data provided by public administrations such as Cadastre, roads or rails. This database is useful to develop 
urban energy models requiring georeferenced data of the cities infrastructures that are mainly represented by 
the  location,  function  and  occupancy  of  the  different  buildings.  Each  person  can  be  a  contributor  of 
OpenStreetMap, developing his or her own maps to be included in the database. Consistency and accuracy of 
the data can vary from region to region. Data are available by the following services: 

—  Overpass API: This API will create a square to obtain a copy of the OpenStreetMap database. 

—  OSM  planet:  The  files  found  here  are  regularly  updated.  It  includes  complete  copies  of  the 

OpenStreetMap.org database. 

—  Geofabrik's  free  download  server:  This  server  has  data  extracts  from  the  OpenStreetMap  project, 
which are typically updated every day. You can select your continent and then your country of interest to 
download your data. 

—  Other sources: it includes other additional sources that are included in the OpenStreetMap wiki. 

In the OSM database, different types of georeferenced objects can be mapped and stored. Such objects are 
streets,  buildings,  land  use  and  transportation  networks  (roads  and  railways).  Data  are  available  by  three 
different data types representing the most common objects. These types are nodes, ways and relations. Nodes 
are georeferenced points in space, which are defined by their geographical coordinates. Ways are a collection 
of connected nodes, which either define a non-closed object such as paths or closed objects (e.g. footprint area 
of a building). Ways can represent either an empty polygon or an area (a filled polygon). Relations are the most 
complex data type in OSM and are used to represent objects in relations to each other, such as a bus route 
including all  stops and road  sections. The  most common  way of mapping  objects in OSM is  employing GPS 
devices or by mapping from a satellite image or a combination of both methods. After the development, maps 
are uploaded to the database. 

In the following, we introduce the main features in the OSM catalogue in detail, which could be useful to collect 
data for modelling urban energy systems. Table 39 describes the most common attributes included to describe 
OSM layers, and Table 40 includes the layers available in the OSM feature catalogue. 

Table 39.  Common attributes for each OSM layer. 

Key attribute 

Description 

id 

Id of this feature. Unique in each layer 

osm_id 

Code 

fclass 

Name 

OSM  Id  taken  from  the  Id  of  this  feature  (node_id,  way_id,  or  relation_id)  in  the  OSM 
database 

4 digit code (between 1000 and 9999) defining the feature class. The first one or two digits 
define the layer, the last two or three, the class inside a layer 

Class name of the feature. This includes the same information than the code 

Name of the feature, like a street or place name 

Source: Own elaboration based on OSM data. 

Table 40.  Available layers from OSM catalogue 

Geometry  

Code 

Layer 

Description 

10xx 

Places 

Cities, towns, suburbs, villages, etc. 

Point 

2xxx 

Pois 

Points of Interest 

62 

 
20xx 

21xx 

22xx 

23xx 

24xx 

25xx 

26xx 

27xx 

29xx 

Public facilities such as government offices, post office, police, 
etc. 

Hospitals, pharmacies, etc. 

Culture, Leisure, etc. 

Restaurants, pubs, cafes, etc. 

Hotel, motels, and other places to stay the night 

Supermarkets, bakeries, etc. 

Banks and ATMs 

Tourist information, sights, museums, etc. 

Miscellaneous points of interest 

3xxx 

Pofw 

Places of worship such as churches, mosques, etc. 

41xx 

Natural 

Natural feature 

52xx 

Traffic 

Traffic-related 

50xx 

Transport 

Parking lots, petrol (gas) stations, etc. 

51xx 

Roads 

Roads, tracks, paths, 

Line 

61xx 

Railway 

Railway, subways, light rail, trams, etc. 

81xx 

Waterways 

Rivers, canals, streams, etc. 

15xx 

Buildings 

Building outlines 

Polygon 

72xx 

Landuse 

Forests, residential areas, industrial areas, etc. 

82xx 

Water 

Lakes, etc. 

Source: Own elaboration based on OSM data. 

63 

 
4  Characterisation of Castilla y León region and its Energy 

Efficiencystrategy 

This section presents Castilla y León region, its main characteristics and the most important aspects that affect 
the deployment of the Energy Efficiency Strategy (section  4.1) and the steps this Energy Efficiency Strategy 
has followed towards its development and its context (section 4.2). 

4.1  About the Castilla y León region 

The region of Castilla y León is one of the biggest in Europe and is located in central Spain, to the north, as it 
can be seen in Figure 22 below: 

Figure 22.  Castilla y León region 

Source: Wikipedia 

The  following  table  depicts  the  situation  of  the  Castilla  y  León  region  (NUTS  2  –  ES41),  as  measured  by 
EUROSTAT in the year 201915, in comparison to Spain and Europe’s average values in the fields of: 

1.  General and regional statistics 

2.  Economy and finance 

3.  Population and social conditions 

4. 

Industry, trade and services 

5.  Agriculture and fisheries 

6.  Transport 

7.  Science, technology and digital society 

It  is  worth  noting  that  these  values  offer  a  static  depiction  of  the  Castilla  y  León  region;  however,  for  an 
adequate  understanding  of  the  region’s  situation,  it  would  be  advisable  to  study  the  trends  the  region  has 
undergone [103]. 

15   Only the indicators which offered a value for 2019 have been depicted in this table. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 41.  Characterisation of the Castilla y León Region through indicators 

GENERAL AND REGIONAL STATISTICS 

Regional socioeconomic developments 

GDP per inhabitant, pace of economic recovery since 2008 (first 
year after the crisis when GDP per inhabitant in PPS was above 
its 2008 level) 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

2015 

2016 

2011 

GDP per inhabitant, 2017 (PPS; %, average change per annum of 
this ratio between 2008 and 2017) 

0.6 

0.26 

1.6 

Household disposable income, 2016 (EUR per inhabitant; overall 
change of this ratio between 2008 and 2016) 

300 

-10 

1500 

Labour productivity per hour worked, 2016 (EUR, gross value 
added per hour worked; %, average change per annum of this 
ratio between 2008 and 2016) 

1.2 

1.2 

1.9 

Tertiary educational attainment, 2018 (%, share of persons aged 
25-64 years with a tertiary level of educational attainment; 
percentage points, change of this share between 2008 and 2018) 

6 

2.3 

8.1 

Working-age population, 2018 (%, people aged 20-64 years as a 
share of the total population; percentage points, change of this 
share between 2008 and 2018) 

-2.5 

-2.6 

-1.7 

Employment rate, 2018 (%, people aged 20-64 years in 
employment as a share of all people aged 20-64 years; 
percentage points, change of this share between 2008 and 2018) 

0.8 

-1.2 

2.9 

ECONOMY AND FINANCE 

Economy 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Billion €) 

58 

1202 

13484 

GDP per inhabitant (2018) (Index based on GDP in purchasing 
power standards (PPS) in relation to the EU-27 average = 100) 

85.39 

87.59 

100 

Primary income per inhabitant, 2017 (purchasing power standard 
(PPS) 

15300 

16037 

18800 

Labour productivity per hour worked (2017) (Index, based on 
gross value added per hour worked in EUR in relation to the EU-
27 average = 100) 

86.7 

89.22 

100 

POPULATION AND SOCIETY 

Population 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

Population, 1 January 2019 (1000 persons) 

2407.7 

46937.06 

446825 

65 

 
Population density, 2018 (persons per km²) 

25.7 

93.1 

108.8 

Live births to mothers aged ≥ 40 years, 2018 (%, share of total 
number of live births) 

10.4 

9.5 

5.2 

Health 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

Life expectancy at 65 years, 2018 (years) 

19.3 

18.5 

20 

Number of (practising) physicians, 2017 (per 100 000 
inhabitants) 

417.7 

431,57 

375.8 

Standardised death rates from cancer, 2016 (per 100 000 
inhabitant) 

229.9 

235.98 

257.1 

Standardised death rates from cancer among people aged < 65 
years, 2016 (per 100 000 inhabitants aged < 65 years) 

69 

72.1 

77.3 

Education 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

Participation rates in early childhood education, 2018 (%) 

98.5 

97.8 

96.2 

Students enrolled in upper secondary education that followed 
vocational programmes, 2018 (%) 

39.4 

35.6 

48.4 

People aged 25-64 years having attained at least an upper 
secondary level of education, 2019 (%) 

61.4 

60.2 

78.4 

Tertiary educational attainment of people aged 30-34 years, 
2019 (%) 

45.8 

43.0 

40.3 

4.5 Early leavers from education and training among people aged 
18-24 years, 2019 (%) 

14.3 

17.2 

10.2 

Labour market 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

Employment rate (%, share of people aged 20-64 years) 

69.8 

67.0 

73.0 

Employment gender gap, 2019 (percentage points, based on 
people aged 20-64 years) 

12.9 

12.5 

11.7 

Employment rate of older persons, 2019 (%, share of people 
aged 55-64 years) 

57.7 

54.1 

59.1 

Youth unemployment rate, 2019 (%, share of labour force aged 
15-24 years) 

29.5 

34.4 

15.1 

Long-term unemployment share, 2019 (%, share of unemployed 
persons aged 15-74 years) 

39.2 

39.1 

41.8 

People who stated that childcare responsibilities had an effect on 
their employment, 2018 (%, share of people aged 18-64 years in 
employment) 

23.8 

22.4 

24.1 

66 

 
Living conditions 

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion, 2018 (%) 

At-risk-of-poverty rate, 2018 (%) 

INDUSTRY, TRADE AND SERVICES 

Structural business statistics 

Enterprise birth rate, 2017 (% of active enterprises in the 
business economy) 

Enterprise death rate, 2016 (% of active enterprises in the 
business economy) 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

19.5 

16.1 

26.1 

21.5 

21.6 

16.8 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 
average 

7.2 

9.1 

7.9 

8.8 

9.3 

8.1 

High-growth enterprises, 2017 (% share of total number of 
enterprises in the business economy with 10 employees or more) 

14.2 

14 

11.3 

Employment in the manufacture of wearing apparel, 2017 (%, 
share of regional non-financial business economy employment) 

0.2 

0.3 

0.7 

Employment in food and beverage service activities, 2017 (%, 
share of regional non-financial business economy employment 

10 

10.5 

6.2 

Tourism 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 
average 

Nights spent in tourist accommodation, 2018 (million nights 
spent) 

11.4 

24.6 

2786 

Annual rate of change for nights spent in tourist accommodation, 
2017-2018 (%) 

1 

0.2 

2.6 

Nights spent in tourist accommodation relative to total area, 
2018 (nights spent in tourist accommodation per km²) 

121 

3239.7 

656 

AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES 

Agriculture 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

Young farm managers, 2016 (%, share of farm managers aged < 
40 years) 

7.7 

8.5 

10.7 

Harvested production of common wheat and spelt, 2018 (million 
tonnes) 

3.59 

6.72 

115.6 

Number of bovine animals, December 2018 (thousand head of 
livestock) 

1422.7 

6510.7 

77840 

TRANSPORT 

Transport 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 27 
average 

67 

 
Motorisation rate, 2018 (number of passenger cars per 1 000 
inhabitants) 

544 

516.2 

503 

Fatal road accidents 2018 (per million inhabitants) 

73 

42.2 

52 

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL SOCIETY 

Research and innovation 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 
average 

Researchers, 2017 (%, share of total number of persons 
employed measured in FTEs) 

0.64 

0.58 

0.89 

Human resources in science and technology, 2018 (%, share of 
the economically active population) 

43 

42.5 

44.2 

Gender gap for scientists and engineers, 2018 (percentage 
points, difference between male and female shares of the 
economically active population) 

Digital society 

-1.6 

-0.5 

1.5 

Castilla y 
León 

ES average 

EU 
average 

Daily internet users during the three months preceding the 
survey, 2019 (% of people aged 16-74 years) 

73 

76.6 

77 

People accessing the internet away from home or work during 
the three months preceding the survey, 2019 (% of people aged 
16-74 years) 

82 

86.1 

73 

People buying/ordering goods or services over the internet for 
private use during the 12 months preceding the survey, 2019 (% 
of people aged 16-74 years) 

Source: Eurostat Regional Yearbook years 2019 and 2020. 

53 

56 

60 

4.2  About the Energy Efficiency Strategy and its development 

The  Energy  Efficiency  Strategy  of  Castilla  y  León  analysed  in  these  reports  is  valid  during  2016-2020.  To 
understand its  key  features,  it  is necessary  to  understand  its  context  (section  4.2.1)  and  the  steps that  are 
usually carried out to elaborate an Energy Efficiency Strategy (section 4.2.2). 

4.2.1  Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León context 

In the energy efficiency context, it is worth knowing the agreement reached in 1990 by the Member States to 
reduce 20% the energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to the year 2020. This objective is far from reached. 
In this line and to comply with the objective previously established, at the end of 2012, the Energy Efficiency 
Directive was published [105]. 

In Castilla y León, it is the Ente Regional de la Energía (EREN) the responsible institution to propose the Savings 
and Energy Efficiency Plan of Castilla y León, as per the Law 7/1996 of 3rd December. 

This plan is an Energy Efficiency strategy at medium and long term, where the programme with the actions to 
be  carried  out  during  the  following  years  in  the  different  energy  consumption  sectors  should  be  defined, 
together with its financing, energy indicators, its monitoring, and the establishment of who does what to achieve 
the objectives set. 

In the action programme that the Economy and Finance council is going to put in practice in its IX legislature, it 
is worth highlighting the following priorities: 

—  Consolidate the economic recovery to achieve a stable growth that generates quality employment. 

68 

 
—  Guarantee the big public services that constitute the essence of the regional competences, and are key 

towards achieving social cohesion. 

—  Strengthen Castilla y León as a region, deepening in its institutional development and territorial cohesion. 

The attainment of the three priorities will be achieved partially, thanks to the implementation of measures that 
boost the economic competitiveness of the region, acting in three axes: 

—  Recovering the business tissue 

—  Maintaining the already established business, especially the industrial ones. 

—  Fostering the business growth, strengthening local and familiar SMEs, enhancing the growth of businesses 
in traditional sectors and supporting the growth especially in priority sectors and with more innovation 
potential 

With this objective, international promotion, technology innovation and productive specialization are enhanced, 
infrastructures are improved, and clusters are developed, leading to the decrease of energy costs, which are 
highly relevant in producing goods and services. 

The intensification of the actions focused on energy efficiency and savings is prioritised since they generate 
benefits directly related to reducing energy and environmental costs, apart from their contribution to reducing 
energy dependency and modernising installations and generating employment. 

To this end, the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 is designed. It will implement different 
types of  measures oriented to achieving  significant energy (and economic) savings in  the Administration of 
Castilla y León, Local Entities, and the private entities, with a special focus on the industrial production sector. 

4.2.2  Steps followed in the Energy Efficiency Strategy definition 

The generation of the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León follows the next steps and spans over a 
period of 16 – 18 months. 

Table 42.  Steps followed in the Energy Efficiency Strategy definition 

Steps followed in the Energy Efficiency Strategy definition 

INITIAL PHASE 

The EREN submits the proposal to elaborate the Energy Efficiency Strategy to the 
corresponding Office in charge of Energy Efficiency, in this case, the Economy and 
Finance Office. 

DRAFTING 
DOCUMENT 

PUBLIC 
CONSULTATION 

The Office approves the elaboration of the mentioned document 

The EREN drafts the Energy Efficiency Strategy and offers it to the discussion. 

Each affected organism must identify itself in the drafted document, most importantly 
in relation to economic and budgetary implications. 

The document is offered to public information (Open Government) 

If there are any allegations or observations, they are studied, and the new version of 
the document is drafted. 

BUDGETARY 
ANALYSIS 

A report is asked to the Budget and Statistic DG of the Economy and Finance Office 
due to the budgetary implications. 

INFORMING 
LOCAL ENTITIES 

Since it affects local entities, the Commission for Local Cooperation needs to be 
informed. 

FINAL 
CONSULTATION 

Delegated Economy Commission 

Secretary Commission 

69 

 
Board of Governors 

AGREEMENT AND 
PUBLICATION 

Agreement publication in the BOCyL 

Source: own elaboration based on input from EREN 

In this process, the contacted organisations are the following: entrepreneurs, trade unions, consumers and users, 
universities, research centres, gas and electricity company associations. 

70 

 
5  Analysis and description of the current regional Energy Efficiency 

strategy (EEE-CyL-2020) 

The different sections of the EE Strategy are explained and analysed in the following. First, how the objectives 
are set will be presented (section 5.1), then the sectors included within the strategy will be described (section 
5.2),  as  well  as  the  monitoring  strategy  used  to  measure  their  progress  (section  5.3).  Finally,  cross-cutting 
aspects  will  be  presented,  such  as  other  activities  carried  out  (section  5.4)  and  financing  mechanisms 
established (section 5.5). 

A special focus will be placed on the data required to describe all of these sectors and monitor their progress. 
In this line, an introductory section presenting some of the data sources used in the Regional Energy Strategy 
is presented in section 0 and is complemented with Annex I, where all the detected datasets used in the strategy 
are listed. 

5.1  Objective setting 

To develop the Castilla y Leon Energy Efficiency Strategy (CyL EES) and the  design  of the  different actions 
plans, it is necessary first to define and quantify the objectives of these plans that need to be aligned with the 
European Strategy 2020. In addition, the main objective of the Strategy is to achieve the European objectives 
for 2020 concerning climate change and energy sustainability, which all the Member States must assume. 

First of all, the EE Strategy analyses the context and the main aspect of the EE Strategy, considering historical 
aspects,  such  as the  energy  efficiency  plans  developed  and applied  in  the  past  until  2015, according  to  UE 
objectives. These past activities are mainly the following two: 

—  Energy Saving and Efficiency Plan of Castilla y León 2002-2007 (PAEE-Castilla y León 2002-2007). 

—  Energy  Saving  and  Efficiency  Plan  of  Castilla  y  León  2008-2012  (PAEE-Castilla  y  León  2008-2012) 

coincided with the 2008-2012 Action Plan of the Spanish Energy Efficiency Strategy. 

In addition, it evaluates the integration of this strategy in the specific Castilla y León policies regarding the 
specific  policy  areas  and  social  development  of  the  region.  In  particular,  the  different  sectorial  domains 
evaluated in the region are research and innovation (sustainable and inclusive growth: social and territorial, 
competitiveness,  specialized  activities  of  the  region),  agriculture  and  livestock  farming,  tourism,  industrial 
sector,  environmental  sustainability  (considering  past  strategies,  such  as  the  Regional  Strategy  for  Climate 
Change 2009-2012-2020, or the Energy Sector Mitigation Plan for promoting energy efficiency and renewable 
energies, the Industrial Sector Mitigation Plan that includes emissions reduction actions, or the Regional Strategy 
for Sustainable Development of Cyl 2009-2014), commercial sector, urban mobility (clean and energy-efficient 
vehicles, electric vehicles, new infrastructure), urban regeneration, cogeneration and district heating, and the 
regional and local administrative sector. 

To obtain all the necessary information to quantify the specific objectives in the strategy is fundamental to 
develop different scenarios to project in the future the energy consumption and final energy in Castilla y Leon 
(up to 2020). 

The strategy aligns with the European and national regulatory framework, as it is a tool to define the lines for 
policy  action,  covering  the  different  energy-consuming  sectors.  For  this  reason,  firstly,  the  strategy  specific 
areas or strategic sectors have been defined: industrial activity, building sector, transport, public services and 
local entities, public administration, research and development, and communication, dissemination and training 
activities. These sectors will be analysed in more detail in the following two sections.  

Secondly, the current energy situation of Castilla y Leon is analysed (along with the international and national 
current  energy  situation),  including  primary  energy  consumed,  primary  energy  produced,  and  energy  final 
consumed.  All  this  information  is  presented  differencing  between  types  of  fuel  including  renewable  energy 
share. In addition, it is also disaggregated by province and the different strategic sectors that are considered. 
In addition, the energy intensity (final energy consumption/GDP) is also analysed to reflect energy-economic 
relationships. 

Considering all the above: European Union and national objectives and directives and plans, the strategic sectors 
in Castilla y Leon, and the current energy situation, the Energy Strategy objectives are defined and quantified 
by developing three scenarios (along with hypothesis from exogenous variables which could be reformulated). 

—  “BASE” scenario: scenario without new energy policies to be applied. Past trends until 2007 remain in the 

future (projections since 2007). Growth rates are used for primary energy, final energy, and GDP. 

71 

 
—  “REAL” scenario to 2014: real data until 2014. Then, starting from 2014 (last year with historical data), 

the projections are developed using past trends (the same growth rates as in the BASE scenario). 

—  “2020” OBJECTIVE scenario: aligned with the EU objectives in 2020 and the Energy and Climate Plan for 

Spain. 

These scenarios allow projecting the primary energy consumption and final energy consumption in Castilla y 
León for the 2016-2020 year’s horizon, based on different hypothesis which can be iteratively reformulated.   

The  three  main  energy-related  objectives  considered  in  the  last  scenario  (2020  Objective  scenario)  are  the 
following: 

—  Reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions: 20 percent less regarding 1990 levels. 

—  Energy efficiency increase: energy consumption reduction (20%) in 2020 (base year: 2007). 

—  Renewable energy share: renewable energy share in the energy mix increased to 20% for the 2020 year. 

Analysing the scenarios, it was found in the energy strategy that the EU objective of reducing primary energy 
by 20% was already achieved (due to implemented policies and economic crisis). For this reason, the objective 
was redesigned: 10% of additional energy consumption saving. These savings were also traduced to final energy 
reductions. 

In addition, these energy savings have been aggregated among sectors considering the specific areas of savings 
in the strategic sectors defined before. In particular, industry, transport (type of fuel, public transport), residential 
buildings (energy efficiency), services and administration. 

Finally, the two main objectives established in the energy efficiency strategy of Castilla y Leon are the following:  

—  Objective 1: to reduce 10% actual trends in primary energy consumption regarding the 2014 base year. 

This means a saving of 32,45 % regarding the previous base year (2007). 

—  Objective 2: energy consumption decarbonisation of 30,24 % regarding values of 1990 (reference year 

for GHG emissions from energy consumption). 

As can be seen, the objectives have been notably modified (approx. 30 % of reduction) concerning the initial 
value  of  20%  reduction  for  both  objectives  fixed  in  UE  energy  directives.  The  analysis and  measures  to  be 
proposed in each of the strategic sectors are explained in the following sector considering the final aggregated 
objectives to be achieved. 

5.2  Sectors’ analysis and measures proposed 

This section offers an overview of the sectors contained within the strategy and the measures proposed in each 
of them. It is worth mentioning that the Energy Efficiency Strategy of the Castilla y León region is structured 
into the following sectors: 

—  Industrial sector (section 5.2.1) 

—  Building sector (section 5.2.2) 

—  Transport sector (section 5.2.3) 

—  Public services (local entities) (section 5.2.4) 

—  Administrative sector (section 5.2.5) 

5.2.1 

Industrial sector 

In this section, the industrial sector included the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León, is presented. In 
this sector, the objectives set result from the aggregation of savings calculated by grouping lines of action for 
each industrial subsector. 

Firstly, to the evolution of GVA (Gross Value Added) in this sector, Castilla y Leon shows better results than in 
the rest of the country. In addition, it also has a high industrial production index (IPI). For this reason, industry 
plays an important role in Castilla y Leon.  

Some results of the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y Leon present the industrial composition, number 
and size of the companies according to each specific sub- sector (e.g. extractive, food and drink industry, etc.). 
It also contains the current employment situation and the foreign trade of the region, i.e. number of exports 

72 

 
and  imports.  The  results  show  that  the  total  number  of  industry  companies  have  been  reduced  due  to  the 
economic  crisis.  Concerning  the  employment  issue,  the  industry  is 16,2%  of  the  total (regional  value  above 
national value), noting Burgos province. Although the main industry is the food industry in Castilla y Leon, the 
highest number of exports corresponds to the car industry. 

In relation to the region's energy situation, the industry also plays an important role, covering 22, 37 % of the 
total energy consumption. This information is disaggregated by type of fuel (fuel oil, electricity, natural gas and 
bioenergy). In this regard, the highest share in  the industry is the one from natural gas. The sector with  the 
highest electricity and natural gas consumption is the food, drink and tobacco industry. 

To meet the general objectives, those set for the industrial sector are the following: 

Table 43.  Objectives for the industrial sector in 2020 

Final energy savings in 
2020 (ktep) 

Primary energy saved in 
2020 (ktep) 

Diversified energy in 
2020 (ktep) 

CO2 emissions avoided 
in 2020 (ktCo2) 

253,5 

372,9 

22,8 

844,5 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

Considering  all  the  information  analysed,  and  considering  that  industry  is  very  important  for  the  regional 
economy, different strategies and activities are defined. In the following table, a brief description of energy 
efficiency measures described in the document is presented together with the main lines of action consistent 
with the final objectives. 

Table 44.  Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the industrial sector 

Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the regional strategy 

Lines of action 

Measures 

Promotion of investments in 
energy efficiency in processes, 
equipment and facilities and 
energy diversification in the 
industrial sector 
Efficient management of facilities 
through the implementation of 
energy management (SGE), the 
performance of energy audits, 
development of R + D + i activities 
and promotion of training and 
dissemination. 
Support for the participation of 
SMEs in the ESCO market at an 
industrial level for the 
implementation of energy-saving 
and efficiency measures. 

Promote the use of centralized 
generation through District Heating 
and Cooling (DHC) in industrial 
estates. 

Improvement  of  available  technology,  promoting  the  use  of  more 
efficient equipment and industrial processes (electrical and thermal) 
thanks to the presentation of financing lines and subsidies. 
Diversification towards less polluting fuels. 
Introduction of tax incentives for investment. 
Promotion of the implementation of energy management systems and 
development of energy audits in the industry. 
Development  of  pilot  projects  for  sectoral  application  focused  on 
application of energy-saving and efficiency measures (R + D + i). 

Development of training programs and dissemination of savings and 
efficiency energy in industrial sectors. 

Technical support. 

Legal-administrative support. 

Study  of  the  thermal  demand  of  the  existing  and/or  new  industrial 
estates and the available energy sources, analysing the feasibility of 
the generation centralized. 
Measurement  and  verification  plan  of  the  energy  savings  obtained 
through the DHC system in the industries belonging to the industrial 
estate. 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

5.2.2  Building sector 

In the field of energy efficiency and savings, it is essential to highlight the importance of the building sector in 
energy  consumption.  To  contribute  to  the  achievement  of  the  objectives  of  the  Europe  Strategy  2020,  the 
European  Union  and  public  entities  at  the  national  and  regional  level,  develop  programmes,  strategies,  and 

73 

 
grants  that  facilitate  the  application  of  actions  towards  improving  energy  efficiency  and  savings  in  the 
mentioned sector. 

The  buildings  sector  includes  all  buildings  within  the  domestic  and  the  services  sector.  Most  of  the  energy 
consumed  is  due  to  heating,  cooling,  ventilation,  domestic  hot  water,  lighting,  appliances,  and  many  other 
necessities. 

Within  the  economic  structure  of  Castilla  y  León,  the  building  sector  was  the  second  to  consume  the  most 
energy in the region in 2014, representing 28% of the total share (1,612.39 ktep). In 2015 it still held the same 
position, but the consumption decreased, representing 26.10% of the total share (1,435.84 ktep). 

Analysing the data from 2014, sub-sectors within the building sector can be established. The most relevant 
sub-sector is the domestic sector (17% of total share, 977.68 kteps). In the second place, the commercial and 
services  sector  is  to  be  found  (7.45%  of  total  share,  425  kteps).  Then,  there  are  other  types  of  buildings 
consuming 120.69 kteps (2.12% of total share). Finally, the hotel industry has 1.56% of the total share (89 
kteps). 

In 2015 the same structure of consumption was maintained. 

This can be seen in the following figure: 

Figure 23.  Final energy consumption per sector in CyL in 2014 and 2015 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

In addition, the energy mix of this sector is presented in the following  0, for the two years presented above: 
2014 and 2015. 

74 

 
 
 
 
Table 45.  Consumption per energy source in the building sector in 2014 and 2015 

Energy source 

Percentage in 2014 

Percentage in 2015 

Electricity 

Natural gas 

Liquified Petroleum Gas 

Diesel C 

Bioenergy 

36% 

33% 

4% 

13% 

14% 

34% 

37% 

5% 

11% 

13% 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

To contextualise further the sub-sector that consumes most of the energy within the building stock (domestic 
sector), the following Table 46 shows the dwellings distribution in the different provinces of Castilla y León and 
their evolution from 2010 to 2015. 

Table 46.  Dwellings distribution and evolution from 2010 to 2015 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

As it can be seen, there is a constant increase of these values. To meet the general objectives, those set for the 
residential and tertiary sector are the following: 

Table 47.  Objectives for the residential and tertiary sectors in 2020 

Final energy savings in 
2020 (ktep) 

Primary energy saved in 
2020 (ktep) 

Diversified energy in 
2020 (ktep) 

CO2 emissions avoided 
in 2020 (ktCo2) 

134.4 

197.7 

10.7 

447.6 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

75 

 
 
 
 
Table 48.  Energy efficiency lines of action and measures – Building sector 

Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the regional strategy [BUILDING SECTOR] 

Lines of action 

Measures 

Equipment improvement in 
the domestic sector 

Plan RENOVE de Electrodomésticos: plan to replace appliances 

Plan RENOVE de Aires Acondicionados: plan to replace air conditioning systems 

Plan RENOVE de Calderas: plan to replace boilers 

Plan RENOVE de Ventanas: plan to improve windows 

Promote the use through incentives of the centralized generation of heating and 
cooling for residential districts. 

Promote the replacement of existing systems for more efficient ones. 

Energy efficiency improvement 
in the domestic sector 

Replacement of heat generators for the best technology available and installation of 
equipment to recuperate thermal fluids. 

Energy refurbishment of existing buildings. 

Incentives for nearly zero energy buildings. 

Improve the energy efficiency of the thermal envelope. 

Energy efficiency improvement 
in the tertiary sector 

Promote and incentivize improvements in the air conditioning systems. 

Promote and incentivize improvements in the domestic hot water systems. 

Promote and incentivize improvements in the lighting systems. 

Promote and incentivize improvements in auxiliary energy generation equipment. 

Improve the energy efficiency of the thermal envelope. 

Use of high-efficient lifts and mechanical stairs 

Lighting replacement in common areas for low-consumption ones. 

Implementation of presence detection sensors in common areas. 

Elaboration of a good practice at home guide and promote its use in dwellings. 

Campaigns to promote energy savings 

Energy saving actions in 
common areas 

Programme to sensitise and 
inform about energy 
savings in dwellings 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

5.2.3  Transport sector 

In this section, an analysis of the main data provided by the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León for 
the transport sector is included. Transport is one of the most strategic sectors, being relevant for the social and 
economic development of the region. 

The transport sector's benefit brings to the region ranges between 3% and 5% of Gross National Product (GNP) 
and employs more than 94,000 employees distributed among the 14,000 companies. The public investment 
associated with it represents between 2% and 2.5% of GNP and can increase up to 3.5% in those countries that 
are involved in processes of creation and modernization of transport infrastructures. 

76 

 
In terms of energy efficiency and saving, it is essential to highlight the impact that the transport sector has on 
energy  consumption.  For  this  reason,  public  authorities  such  as  the  European  Union,  National  and  Regional 
governments include this sector as relevant to develop their strategies at different levels of detail. In addition, 
transport is considered an essential sector to facilitate the application of actions to improve energy savings and 
efficiency. 

The final energy consumption in the transport sector in the Castilla y León is similar to the consumption in the 
Spanish state (around 32% of the total final energy consumption), being road transport the most important in 
consumption. In addition, it is important to mention that the sector that generates the most greenhouse gas 
emissions in the Spanish state is perfectly extrapolated to the regional framework. 

In this section of the  Energy Efficiency  Strategy, a huge  analysis of the  most  relevant data in the sector is 
provided  considering  the  different  transport  and  mobility  models.  This  analysis  includes  the  main  energetic 
targets of the transport sector, measures to increase energy efficiency and a regional strategy for the inclusion 
of  electric  and  alternative  fuels  vehicle  in  the  region.  For  each  data,  a  complete  analysis  including  a  brief 
description of the data and their units is included. All these data create a general view of the transport sector 
in the region. The data analysis for the transport sector in the Energy Efficiency strategy of Castilla y Leon is 
included in Annex I. 

After the general description of the sector, including the status of each transport by model and the general 
situation of this sector in the region, the main objectives to safe and improve energy efficiency are provided. 
The emissions safe with these objectives are also determined. 

Finally,  a  description  of  the  energy  efficiency  measures  and  their  possible  impacts  determined  as  the  CO2 
emission saved is presented. Measures were proposed in five main areas (see Table 50) to meet the objectives 
set in the Europe 2020 Strategy. 

To meet the general objectives, those set for the transport sector are the following: 

Table 49.  Objectives for the transport sector in 2020 

Final energy savings in 
2020 (ktep) 

Primary energy saved in 
2020 (ktep) 

Diversified energy in 
2020 (ktep) 

CO2 emissions avoided 
in 2020 (ktCo2) 

332.6 

489.2 

2.0 

1,107.9 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

These objectives will be pursued with the following lines of action: 

Table 50.  Energy efficiency lines of action and measures – Transport sector 

Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the regional strategy [TRANSPORT SECTOR] 

Lines of action 

Measures 

Promotion of sustainable transport plans to work for companies and 
business activity and administration centres. 

Modal change in the mobility of people 
and goods towards models of more 
rational and efficient mobility 

Promotion and dissemination of efficient driving courses for professional 
drivers. 

Dissemination and promotion of the 
efficient use of both current means of 
transport as futures 

Improvement in the energy efficiency 
of the technologies used and 
promotion of use of alternative fuels 
to conventional ones 

Promotion and dissemination of the legislative/ regulatory instruments in the 
transport sector to a more efficient transport. 

Management of transport fleets, in order to promote improvements in the 
efficient management of transport fleets. 

Vehicle fleet renewal 

77 

 
Adequacy and planning of transport 
infrastructures 

Planning of transport infrastructures that improve the incorporation of new 
alternative vehicles and the development of more efficient urban mobility. 

Development and use plan of the 
electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle in 
the Administration of Castilla y León. 

- 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

A special mention is necessary to develop the strategy for the alternative vehicle in Castilla y León. This Strategy 
is based on the three strategic axes set by the European Union (EU) for the horizon 2020. The EU urges all 
States  Members  to  develop  and  use  new  fuels  and  sustainable  propulsion  systems.  The  technological 
characteristics of each of them are considered to determine the strategic prioritization in the introduction of 
vehicles. It is fundamental for road transport to discern journeys in urban, interurban areas and long-haul ones 
due to their energy and environmental impacts on different infrastructure needs. 

As a final part of this sector assessment, the Strategy includes a Plan for the electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle 
implementation in the Administration of Castilla y León. A preliminary analysis of the recharge requirements 
and the number of vehicles per province is included. To conclude, a brief description of the application of energy-
saving  and  efficiency  measures  in  the  transport  sector  is  provided  to  be  favoured  by  applying  financial 
instruments developed by the different public administrations at European, national and regional levels. 

5.2.4  Public services (local entities) sector 

In this section, a resume of the main data and analysis regarding the public services sector provided by the 
Renewable Energy Strategy of Castilla y León is included. This sector covers services and buildings that depend 
on municipal management (local entities). In the next section, the “Administrative” sector is covered. 

In this sector, to obtain energy consumption data, it has been used by the Strategy Document a particular tool 
called “OPTE”. This tool gives information of various municipalities, and this data is extrapolated to the rest of 
the municipalities obtaining the total consumption. In relation to the energy consumption distribution by type 
of fuel, electricity is the one with maximum shares, followed by gasoil. 

Firstly, it is necessary to know that in Castilla y Leon, there are nine provinces and 2,248 municipalities in total, 
and the total population has decreased, being Valladolid the province with more habitants (21.,3%) followed by 
Leon (19.4 %). A high percentage of this population is concentrated in the province capitals (42.2 %), being 
again  Valladolid,  the  city  with  the  highest  population.  However,  most  municipalities  have  less  than  1000 
habitants  (88.5%),  indicating  that  the  area  of  the  region  is  very  dispersed  regarding  population,  being  the 
population density of just 26.6 habitants/km2, representing one of the regions with the lowest population density 
value in Spain. 

The municipal services and buildings consuming energy and analysed by the Energy Strategy of Castilla y León, 
with information about the distribution by provinces, type and number, are the following: 

—  Buildings:  

o  Public health care centres. 

o  Educational centres 

o  Sports centres and facilities (e.g.  swimming pools). 

o  Unique cultural buildings: museums, theatres, libraries, cultural centres, etc.  

o  Police and fire brigade (municipal security)  

—  Local entities consuming electricity, natural gas, gasoil and fuel gasoline:  

o  Municipal lighting (electricity) 

o  Water Waste Treatment Plants (WWTPs) (electricity) 

o  Buildings  and  dependencies  (municipally  managed  buildings  in  which  activities  associated  with 

public services are carried out). 

o  Waste treatment centres and landfills. 

78 

 
The highest consumption in the public sector services is electricity, followed by gasoil, natural gas and gasoline. 
In addition, this electricity consumption is disaggregated between municipal lighting, water cycle, and buildings. 

In order to meet the general objectives, those set for the public services sector are the following: 

Table 51.  Objectives for the public services sector in 2020 

Final  energy  savings  in 
2020 (ktep) 

Primary  energy  saved  in 
2020 (ktep) 

Diversified  energy 
2020 (ktep) 

in 

CO2 emissions avoided in 
2020 (ktCo2) 

29.7 

43.6 

0.0 

98.8 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

Considering  all  the  information  analysed  covering  the  different  dependencies  and  buildings  from  the  public 
services  sector,  in  the  following  table,  a  brief  description  of  energy  efficiency  measures  from  the  strategy 
document is presented together with the main lines of action consistent with the final objectives.  

Table 52.  Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the public services sector 

Energy efficiency lines of action and measures for the public services sector in the regional strategy 

Lines of action 

Measures 

Support municipalities for managing public lighting and companies contracting. 

Street lighting 

Development of energy audits of public lighting 

Savings measurement and verification plans. 

Encourage partial or complete shutdown of special non-road lighting 

Implementation of 
Energy Management 
Systems 

Training of personnel in charge of municipal facilities 

Promote awareness of the rational use of water. 

Water depuration 

Encourage and assist in the replacement of equipment with other more efficient 
ones. 

Realization of sustainable urban drainage systems using rainwater. 

Encourage and assist in the performance of energy audits. 

Garbage collection 

Optimization of routes of the garbage collection trucks 

Public buildings 

Energy efficiency measures. 

Energy studies and 
audits. 

To detect potential improvements.  

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

Finally, in the regional strategy of Castilla y Leon, a summary of the energy certifications carried out in buildings 
belonging to this sector is presented to know the energy situation of these buildings. The results show that the 
buildings have a high potential to be renovated to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. 

79 

 
5.2.5  Administrative sector 

This section provides an analysis of the data included for the administrative sector in Castilla y León. In general, 
the administrative sector analysis is based on the energy consumption of the building stock that is part of the 
public administration. The energy consumption of these buildings is monitored to provide energy savings on a 
monthly basis. 

The energy consumption of the buildings of the autonomous administration is only an 85% (the year 2015) of 
the total final energy consumption in Castilla y León, but they play an important role due to the exemplary 
effect and the step towards a "low carbon economy" in the management of the buildings of this Administration. 
The  autonomous  administration  manages  2.000  public  buildings  and  facilities  in  the  region  with  different 
typologies (e.g. hospitals, health centres or schools) and important consumption.  

To  manage  and  optimise  the  electricity  and  natural  gas  contracts  for  public  buildings  and  promote  energy 
savings,  the  autonomous  administration  has  been  developed  the  OPTE  platform,  which  is  the  core  dataset 
provider to assess the administration sector in Castilla y León. The data provided by OPTE and EREN for the 
administration sector in the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla and León are included in Annex I. 

Finally, energy efficiency measures, actions and financial instruments are included for their application in this 
section  of  the  Strategy  where  the  administrative  sector  is  evaluated.  Energy  efficiency  measures  could  be 
applied in the following areas: 

—  Thermal envelope of buildings, 

—  Air conditioning, heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) systems. 

—  Lighting systems 

—  Other consumptions and energy uses (e.g. computers, laptops, TVs) in the buildings. 

—  Good practices 

—  Establishment of an Energy Optimization records system. 

—  Implementation of Energy Management Systems type ISO-50001 (SGE) in buildings of the autonomous 

Administration. 

—  Energy training in the autonomous Administration. 

—  Promote energy service contracts. 

—  Energy Certification of buildings. 

All the proposed measures in the previous areas aim to improve energy savings in public buildings by obtaining 
a better building certificate,  being examples for the  rest  of the  buildings  in the region.  0 includes the  main 
priority lines, and measures promote by the autonomous administration. These measures could be applied using 
the  financial  instruments  developed  by  the  different  public  administrations  at  the  European,  national  and 
regional level. 

To meet the general objectives, those set for the administrative sector are the following: 

Table 53.  Objectives for the administrative sector in 2020 

Final  energy  savings  in 
2020 (ktep) 

Primary  energy  saved  in 
2020 (ktep) 

Diversified  energy 
2020 (ktep) 

in 

CO2 emissions avoided in 
2020 (ktCo2) 

7.1 

10.4 

0.6 

23.6 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

These objectives will be pursued with the following lines of action: 

80 

 
 
 
Table 54.  Energy efficiency lines of action and measures 

Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the regional strategy 

Lines of action 

Measures 

RENOVE air conditioning Plan 

Improvement of the equipment in the 
administration buildings 

RENOVE boiler Plan 

RENOVE window Plan 

Encourage the replacement of existing equipment with more efficient ones 

Diversification of NG boilers 

Energy rehabilitation of existing administration buildings 

Incentives for buildings "Near Zero Energy Building" (NZEB) 

Improvement of the energy efficiency 
in the administration buildings 

Improve the energy efficiency of the thermal envelope 

Encourage and incentivize improvements in air conditioning systems 

Encourage and incentivize the improvement of DHW systems 

Encourage and incentivize the improvement of lighting systems 

Promote energy service contracts 

Use of high-efficiency elevators and escalators 

Energy saving actions in common 
areas 

Replacement of lighting in common areas with lower consumption lights 

Awareness and information programs 
on energy saving in government 
buildings 

Implementation of presence detectors in common areas 

Preparation of a guide to good practices in administration buildings 

Campaigns to promote energy saving 

Training campaigns for those 
responsible for building maintenance 

- 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 2016-2020 

5.3  Monitoring indicators 

The monitoring and the attainment of the objectives of the Energy Efficiency Strategy 2016-2020 consists of 
the periodic analysis and the gathering of information of the action lines proposed and those which are put in 
practice during its development, to evaluate the degree of compliance and improve its betterment effectively 
and efficiently. 

It is possible that important changes occur related to external aspects to energy policy in Castilla y León or 
related to technology advances during the 2016-2020 period when the Strategy is in force. Consequently, the 
monitoring proposed for this strategy will allow that the mechanisms established to comply with the objectives 
can be modified if they do not work appropriately or if the circumstances change. 

The elements of the Monitoring plan are the following: 

—  Annual  monitoring  reports  of  the  EEE-CyL-2016/2020.  Its  drafting  will  be  coordinated  by  the  Ente 
Regional de la Energía de Castilla y León (EREN). They will summarise all the actions carried out in the 
framework of the strategy during the year, of the changes in the energy framework and the evolution of 

81 

 
the  monitoring  indicators  concerning  the  established  objective  to  take  advantage  of  synergies  and 
complementarities  that  can  arise  during  the  process.  Moreover,  and  to  enhance  transparency,  the 
documents will be available through the Junta de Castilla y León website. 

—  Continuous  evaluation  system.  The  monitoring  and  assessment  of  the  EEE-CyL-2016/2020  will  be 
enabled and its  reorientation if it were necessary, and it will serve to establish the basis for the next 
energy efficiency strategy. The design of this monitoring system is directly related to the IDAE’s intention 
of carrying out the monitoring and assessment of the energy savings and energy efficiency action plans. 

—  Indicators. A set of indicators will be available and a methodology that allows comparing the results with 
another energy strategy of other territories based on the efficiency and effectiveness of the actions. The 
indicators  used  are  presented  in  Annex  I.  The  indicators  and their quantification  will  set  the  basis  for 
monitoring the objectives of the strategy and the potential action plans. 

The EREN will be responsible for the follow-up of the strategy. Doing so will count on a system that allows it to 
access the data and measure its effectiveness and efficiency of the different actions. It is worth noting that, as 
a result of this periodic evaluation, the EREN could incorporate changes in the sectorial distribution or in the 
actions proposed with the aim of guaranteeing the attainment of the objectives of the final and primary energy 
savings set. The comparison of the established objectives in the strategy with the results obtained in reality in 
the  2016-2020  period  will  allow  to  control  the  strategy  and  detect  existing  deviations  and apply  corrective 
measures. 

To  supervise  the  execution  of  the  strategy,  the  indicators  used  should  be  based  on  quality  and  consistent 
information  that  reflects  the  real  energy  situation  in  Castilla  y  León  and  allows  to  measure  the  actions 
implemented and their impact. Two types of indicators are present: 

—  Result  indicators: they are  linked to the objectives of the EEE-CyL-2016/2020 and count on a base 
reference  value,  corresponding  to  the  last  available  data  before  the  strategy  entered  into  force,  and 
provides  the  objective  values  for  the  year  2020.  They  are  homogeneous,  comparable,  and  stable 
indicators. 

—  Realization indicators: they measure each of the actions performed in each of the defined sectors and 
will be dimensioned depending on the budget of each year and the specific plans to be carried out. Their 
base value is zero, and they will be cumulative once the different initiatives have started. These objectives 
must be coherent with the Operative Programme of Castilla y León and should be established for the 
different plans developed in the EEE-CyL-2016/2020. 

Please refer to Annex I for a complete list of the indicators used in the strategy. 

5.4  Other activities 

This section is devoted to exploring other activities promoted within the Energy Efficiency Strategy. In particular, 
those related to research in Energy Efficiency (section 5.4.1), communication, dissemination (section 0), training 
(section 5.4.3) and international cooperation (section 5.4.4). 

5.4.1  Research in Energy Efficiency 

To  understand  the  research  in  energy  efficiency,  firstly,  the  research  context  in  Castilla  y  León  is  explained 
(section 5.4.1.1), then the financing of R+D+I is presented (section 5.4.1.2), as well as the workforce (section 
5.4.1.3). Finally, the legal framework (section 5.4.1.4) and the research lines established are presented (section 
5.4.1.5). 

5.4.1.1  The research context in Castilla y León region 

The  internal  expenditure  on  research  in  Castilla  y  León  region  before  the  strategy  development  (2014) 
amounted to € 526.82 million, which accounted for 4.1% of the total expenditure on research devoted to this 
aim in Spain. Castilla y León was the sixth region in 2014 concerning the budget assigned to research activities.  

Regarding the evolution of the expenditure on research in Castilla y León region, it should be noted that the 
highest expenses were devoted in 2012 (€ 617,467 thousand) while the lowest in 2014 (€ 526,820 miles). 

The distribution research expenditure by sector for the 2010-2014 period in Castilla y León is presented in the 
following graph: 

82 

 
Figure 24.  Research expenditure distribution by sector in Castilla y León for 2010 to 2014 period.  

R e s e a r c h  e x p e n d i t u r e   d i s t r i b u t i o n  b y  s e c t o r

Non-Profit Private Companies and Entities

Higher education

Public administration

66,651

215,16

56,708

204,716

326,391

312,933

53,971

181,731

381,765

48,868

183,68

49,066

194,223

298,452

283,531

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 1

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 3

2 0 1 4

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

Regarding  the  distribution  by  sectors,  in  Castilla  y  León  during  2014,  the  private  spending  on  R+D+I  in  the 
Private companies’ sector represented the highest percentage of spending total in R+D+i (53.8%). Secondly, the 
Higher Education sector was ranked with 36.9% and finally the Public Administrations sector with 9.3% of the 
total. The distribution described is repeated for all the years of the period (2010-2014), varying the percentage 
value but not the order of impact of each sector on the total. 

➢  Non-profit Private Companies and Entities sector 

Below are presented the expenses of the Non-profit Private Companies and Entities in internal R+D+i (thousands 
of €) 

Figure 25.  Internal R+D+I expense (thousands of €) according to where the expense is made 

Internal expenses in R+D+i (2010-2014)

8.000.000

7.534.743

7.419.886

7.119.386

6.927.947

6.805.891

7.000.000

6.000.000

5.000.000

4.000.000

3.000.000

2.000.000

1.000.000

0

326.391

312.933

381.765

298.452

283.531

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Castilla y León

Spain

Trend (CyL)

Trend (Spain)

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

83 

 
 
In Castilla y León, the variation regarding R+D+I expense did not suffer much variation during the years 2010-
2014. The highest expenditure was in 2012, reaching € 381,765 thousand. In 2014, internal expenditure on 
R+D+i  amounted  to  €  283,531  thousand,  representing  4.2%  of  national  internal  expenditure  on  R+D+i 
(6,805,891 thousands of €). 

This internal expenditure was distributed  practically evenly among the different types of companies (42.2% 
(companies with less than 250 employees) and 57.8% (companies with 250 and more employees)). Noted that 
this  homogeneous  distribution  did  not  occur  at  the  national  level  since  that  company  with  at  least  250 
employees registered 65.3%, while companies with less than 250 employees registered 34.7%. 

The number of companies that carried our innovation activities during the 2010-2014 period is detailed in the 
following figure: 

Figure 26.  Number of companies that have carried out activities for technological innovation according to headquarters 
of the company. 

Number of companies with R+D+i activities (2010-2014)

30.000

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

24.645

20.487

18.077

16.119

15.748

1.093

1.045

794

668

543

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Castilla y León

Spain

Linear (Castilla y León)

National trend

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

In 2010 the number of companies that carried out technological research activities was 1,093 companies. In 
2014, 543, the latter representing 3.4% of companies that carried out this type of activity nationwide (15,748 
companies). Furthermore, the weight of companies with technological innovation activities in Castilla y León, 
with respect to the total national, has been declining annually. 

The nature of spending on internal R+D+i in 2014 in Castilla y León indicates that 5.9% corresponded to capital 
expenses and 94.1% to current expenses. This same distribution was presented for the whole of Spain in the 
same year (7.2% capital expenditures and 92.8% current expenses). 

Below  is  a  detailed  distribution  of  each  expense’s  types  indicated  for  Companies  and  Private  Non-Profit 
Institutions in Castilla y León during 2014: 

84 

 
 
 
 
Figure 27. Distribution of current expenses in R+D+i of Companies and Private Non-Profit Institutions based in the region. 

Current expenses distribution in internal R+D+i (2014)

48%

22%

30%

Research salaries

Technicians and assistants salaries

Other expenses

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

As it can be seen in the figure, most of the current expenses in R+D+i corresponded to expenses not associated 
with salaries of researchers, technicians or assistants. 

Regarding the capital expenses, 93% of them were devoted to equipment purchase. 

Figure 28.  Distribution of capital expenditures in 
internal R+D+i of Companies and Private Non-Profit 
Institutions based in the region. 

Figure 29.  Destination of current expenditure on internal 
R+D+i carried out by institutional sectors with 
headquarters in Castilla y León (2014). 

Capital expenditures distribution in 
internal R & D & i (2014)

5% 2%

Destination of expenditure on R+D+i 
by institutional sectors 
headquartered in CyL (2014)

37%

28%

93%

Equipment

Specific software acquisition

Buildings and land

35%

Basic research

Applied research

Technological development

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In  2014,  the  current  expenditure  destination  on  internal  R+D+i  made  by  the  sector's  institutions  with 
headquarters in Castilla y León presented the following distribution: 

From the expenditure made by the institutional sectors in internal R+D+I, 37% were allocated to Technological 
Development, 35% to Applied Research and 28% to Basic research. 

➢  Higher Education sector 

The internal expenses in internal R+D+i (thousands of €) in the higher education sector are presented below. 

Figure 30.  Evolution of internal expenses in R+D+i (thousands of €) in Higher Education in Castilla y León for the period 
(2010-2014). 

Internal expenses in R+D+i (2010-2014)

4.123.150

4.002.024

3.715.573

3.647.407

3.606.171

4.500.000

4.000.000

3.500.000

3.000.000

2.500.000

2.000.000

1.500.000

1.000.000

500.000

215.160

0

204.716

181.731

183.680

194.223

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Castilla y León

Spain

Linear (Castilla y León)

National trend

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

In Castilla y León, the highest expenditure on R+D+i in the 2010-2014 period was achieved in 2010, reaching 
€ 215,160 thousand. In 2014, internal spending on R+D+i amounted to 194,223 € thousand, assuming 5.4% 
of national internal expenditure on R+D+i (3,606,171 thousand €) in the Higher Education sector. In any case, 
during the period 2010-2014, it could be concluded a decreasing trend in internal R+D+i spending in the higher 
education sector. 

With regard to the nature of internal R+D+i expenditure in Castilla y León, for 2014,  7.7%  corresponded to 
capital expenses and 92.3% to current expenses. This same distribution was presented at the national level in 
Spain (7.2% capital expenditures and 92.8% current expenses). 

86 

 
 
 
 
Figure 31.  Distribution of current expenses on R+D+i in higher education in Castilla y León in 2014. 

Distribution of the current expenses distribution in internal R+D+i in Higher 
Education (2014)

26%

25%

49%

Basic research

Applied research

Technological development

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

Most of the expenses in R+D+i corresponded to basic research expenses (49%). Expenses for Applied research 
and technological development were practically the same amount (25% and 26% respectively). 

➢  Public administration sector 

The internal expenses in internal R+D+i (thousands of €) of the Public administration sector are presented below. 

Figure 32.  Evolution of internal expenses in R+D+i (thousands of €) in Public administrations in Castilla y León for the 
period (2010-2014). 

Internal expenses in R+D+i (2010-2014)

3.500.000

3.000.000

2.500.000

2.000.000

1.500.000

1.000.000

500.000

0

2.930.562

2.762.385

2.556.646

2.436.444

2.408.695

66.651

56.708

53.971

48.868

49.066

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Castilla y León

Spain

Regional trend

National trend

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

87 

 
 
 
The  expenditure  on  R+D+i  in  2010  was  €  66,651  thousand.  In  2014,  the  internal  expenditure  on  R+D+i 
amounted to € 49,066 thousand in the community of Castilla y León, representing 2% of the National internal 
expenditure on R+D+i (€ 2,408,695 thousand) in the sector mentioned above. 

Concerning the nature of internal R+D+i expenditure in Castilla y León, for 2014, 54.5% corresponded to capital 
expenses and 45.5% to current expenses.  

Below is detailed the distribution of each type of current expenses in R+D+i activities carried out in the Public 
Administrations of Castilla y León during 2014: 

Figure 33.  Distribution of current expenses on R+D+i in higher education in Castilla y León in 2014. 

0,07

0,39

0,54

Basic research

Applied research

Technological development

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

Most of the  current expenses in R+D+i corresponded to  Basic  research (54%), followed by Applied research 
(39%) and technological development (7%). 

5.4.1.2  Financing R+D+i activities 

In Castilla y León, for the year 2014, the financing sources used in R+D+I activities were mainly national funds 
(82%), with only 18% of the funds from foreign origin (16.7% from the European Union and 83.3% from other 
foreign sources). The same distribution occurred in Spain (92.2% funds of national origin and 7.8% funds of 
foreign origin, 7.8%). 

88 

 
 
 
 
Figure 34.  Financing of internal R+D+i expenses in Castilla y León for 2010- 2014. 

Financing of internal R & D & I expenses in CyL (2010-2014)

160.000

140.000

120.000

100.000

80.000

60.000

40.000

20.000

0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Own funds

Other national companies' funds

Public authorities' funds

Universities' funds

Non-profit private companies and entities' funds

EC programmes' funds

Other foreing programmes' funds

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

Figure 35.  Financing of internal R+D+i expenses in Spain for 2010- 2014. 

Financing of internal R & D & I expenses in Spain (2010-2014)

6.000.000

5.000.000

4.000.000

3.000.000

2.000.000

1.000.000

0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Own funds

Other national companies' funds

Public authorities' funds

Universities' funds

Non-profit private companies and entities' funds

EC programmes' funds

Other foreing programmes' funds

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

In Castilla y León, for the year 2014, the sources of financing used in activities of R+D+I were mainly national 
funds (82%), with only 18% of the funds from foreign origin (16.7% from the European Union and 83.3% from 
other sources foreign). The same distribution occurred in Spain (92.2% funds of national origin and 7.8% funds 
of foreign origin, 7.8%). 

In 2014, the national financing came mainly from own funds of the companies (67.74%), and to a lesser extent, 
funds  from  other  national  companies  (23.4%)  and  funds  from  Public  Administrations  (8.8%).  Funds  from 
universities and Non-profit Private Companies and Entities were not higher than 0.01%. This same distribution 

89 

 
 
 
was presented for the financing of national origin in the whole of Spain (own funds 81.2%, funds from other 
national companies 8%, funds from Public Authorities 10%, funds from universities 0.04% and 0.2% Non-profit 
Private Companies and Entities funds). 

Figure 36.  Distribution of national funding in R+D+i in Castilla y León for the year 2014. 

Origin of national funding in internal R + D + i in CyL (2014)

0,01%

0,01%

8,82%

Own funds

23,42%

National companies funds

Public authorities funds

67,74%

Universities funds

Non-profit Private Companies and Entities funds

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

5.4.1.3  R+D+ I Workforce 

Below, the analysis of the R+D+i staff in Castilla y León and Spanish companies is presented. 

90 

 
 
 
 
Figure 37.  Workforce in R+D+I area in Castilla y León and Spain for 2010- 2014. 

R+D+i workforce in CyL vs Spain (2010-2014)

400.000

350.000

300.000

250.000

200.000

150.000

100.000

50.000

0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Castilla y León TOTAL

Castilla y León WOMEN

Spain TOTAL

Spain WOMEN

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

In general, in Castilla y León, the number of personnel hired in R+D+I suffered a decreasing trend, registering 
19,360 workers in 2011 and 16,592 in 2014, assuming in 2014 5% of the national weight (332,871 people). 

Considering the type of professionals who worked in R+D+i during 2014 in Castilla y León indicate that 944 
people worked in the Public Administration sector as a researcher (61.4% of the total number of people in the 
aforementioned sector), representing 3% of the national group in the aforementioned sector (31,094 people). 
In  the  Higher  Education  sector,  7,724  people  worked  as  researcher  (8.6%  of  the  total  people  of  the  sector 
mentioned above), assuming 6.5% of the national group of the aforementioned sector (119,290 people). 

5.4.1.4  Legal framework  

The  Spanish  Strategy  for  Science,  Technology  and  Innovation16  was  the  national  framework 
instrument in which the general objectives to be achieved during the 2013 to 2020 period are established.  

It  aims  to  promote  and  develop  research  activities in  Spain  aligned  with  the  European  Union  Horizon  2020 
research programme for 2014 to 2020, supporting the active participation of the Spanish System of Science, 
Technology and Innovation stakeholders in the European context. 

The  strategy  was  developed  in  a  collaborative  way  between  the  national  administration  and  regional 
administrations.  

During its period of validity, scientific and technical research, technological development and innovation will be 
oriented towards the great challenges of Spanish society. 

16   Estrategia  Española  de  Ciencia  y  Tecnología  y  de  Innovación  2013-2020.  Ministerio  de  Economía  y  Competitividad.  Gobierno  de 

España. 
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjS9tam5YftAhXqaRUIHbQhC
84QFjABegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciencia.gob.es%2Fstfls%2FMICINN%2FInvestigacion%2FFICHEROS%2FEstrategia_e
spanola_ciencia_tecnologia_Innovacion.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2s8O4yG2VNF3hs4BC5VqYL 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
Figure 38.  Spanish Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation challenges 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

Eight  challenges  were  set  in  the  Spanish  Strategy  for  Science,  Technology  and  Innovation.  Specifically,  the 
objective  of  Challenge  3,  regarding  promoting  "Safe,  sustainable  and  clean  energy"  was  the  main,  was  to 
facilitate the transition towards a safe, sustainable and competitive energy system to reduce dependence on 
fossil fuels in a scenario in which there is a shortage of them, the growth of demand worldwide and its impact 
on climate change. 

For this purpose, it was necessary to establish close coordination between energy policies, policies to promote 
research  and  innovation  as  well  as  industrial  policies.  Also,  the  joint  action  of  public  administrations  and 
business  agents  aiming  at  eliminating  existing  technological  and  regulatory  barriers  and  establishing  an 
adequate framework for the distribution of costs and risks associated with the development of the new energy 
system was crucial. 

In the energy field, research and innovation activities that were a priority for Spain refer to the following four 
critical aspects: 

—  Sustainability  to  actively  fight  against  climate  change,  reducing  GHG  emissions  and  favoring  the 
development  of  capture  and  geological  storage  of  CO2  and  energy  sources  -  wind,  solar,  bioenergy, 
marine, geothermal, hydrogen and nuclear energy - and energy efficiency. 

—  Competitiveness,  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  the  Spanish  and  European  network  through  the 

development of the internal energy market. 

—  Supply security, to better coordinate energy supply and demand national in an international context. 

—  The social and technological impulse towards patterns of lower energy consumption. 

At  the  regional  level,  Castilla  y  León  developed  the  Regional  Strategy  for  Research  and  Innovation  for  an 
Intelligent Specialization RIS3 of Castilla y León 2014-2020, whose key aspects are listed below: 

92 

 
 
 
 
Figure 39.  Spanish Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation challenges 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

The RIS3 gave continuity to the strategic planning work that Castilla y León region carried out in the field of 
research and innovation since 1997, addressing 2014-2020 period aspects that were key, such as prioritisation, 
participation and a shared future vision of Castilla y León region by citizens, companies, research organizations 
and the government. 

5.4.1.5  Research lines 

The following Table 55 presents the research lines established within the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla 
y León: 

Table 55.  Research lines in the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León 

Research lines 

Agreements with 
research groups 
from the 
universities of 
Castilla y León 

Patents, 
prototypes, pre-
industrial phase 

Specialized 
studies in the 
Energy Efficiency 
field (EE). EE 
research actions 
in which EREN 
will participate 
until 2020 

Aiming at supporting the scientific production and making visible the results of studies 
that are expected to be achieved in terms of energy efficiency, it was proposed to 
carry out agreements with research groups of public universities of Castilla y León 

To protect the studies carried out, patents and prototypes would be developed in the 
pre-industrial phase. For its development, it would collaborate with universities, 
research centres and professional associations of the specific sector to which the 
patents and prototypes were directed. 

The EREN has among its functions promoting energy efficiency, innovative 
technologies and rational use of energy. In this sense, EREN developed various pilot 
and demonstration projects of emerging technologies, such as electric and hybrid 
vehicles, LED lighting, new patents, high-efficiency cogeneration facilities, etc. The 
initiatives identified were:  

—  Collaboration with research groups or researchers from the Public Universities of 

Castilla y León 

—  Nearly Zero Energy Buildings. Bioclimatic solutions  

—  Nearly Zero Energy Buildings. New construction materials  

—  District heating networks, cogeneration and reuse waste heat in industry  

—  Use of residual heat in the building 

Source: EEE-CyL 2016/2020 

93 

 
 
 
5.4.2  Communication, dissemination and training 

5.4.2.1  Communication and dissemination channels  

5.4.2.1.1  Web page (www.energia.jcyl.es) 

The EREN provided specific access in its website17 to EEE-CyL-2016/2020, in which the progress of the strategy, 
savings  achieved  and  energy  efficiency  ratios  were  continuously  displayed  and  updated,  as  well  as  all  the 
conferences and events that were proposed for communication and dissemination purposes. 

5.4.2.1.2 

Social media 

The  EREN  provided  the  necessary  technical  support  for  disseminating  and  communicating  the  EEE-CyL-
2016/2020 in social media channels, like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.  

Figure 40.  EREN Twitter account (screenshot) 

Source: https://twitter.com/EnergiaJCyL 

5.4.2.1.3  Mailing and telephone  

An  email  address  has  been  available  so  that  the  Public  Administration  could  establish  communication  with 
citizens, complying with data protection laws, and answer their doubts. 

Additionally, citizens had a telephone number (012) to carry out the same service. 

5.4.2.1.4  Media: Radio, TV and press 

The  media  was  another  communication  channel.  Press  releases  and  articles  that  were  disseminated  were 
adapted  to  the  media  language,  using  headlines,  subtitles,  organizing  the  information  according  to  its 
importance, using visual tools (graphics, photographs, etc.) and offering data to attract attention. The language 
has been clear and direct, with short sentences that offer relevant and understandable information. 

In particular, collaboration with local radio stations was proposed to disseminate all of the important aspects 
of the strategy regarding energy savings and efficiency in Castilla y León. 

Within the dissemination campaign, radio announcements and information spots were inserted to increase the 
influx of the public and the criterion of reaching the maximum audience. 

17   https://energia.jcyl.es/web/es/ahorro-eficiencia-energetica/estrategia-eficiencia-energetica-2020.html 

94 

 
 
 
5.4.2.2 

Journeys 

Communication campaigns and promotional actions were carried out  to disseminate energy savings, energy 
efficiency, and renewable energies to promote and establish social behavioural patterns to make better energy 
use. 

In addition, awareness-raising actions were done to bring society the knowledge of renewable energies and the 
possibilities that their use offers. 

Some of the actions expected are listed below:  

5.4.2.2.1 

EREN headquarters study visit 

To  promote  energy  efficiency  in  the  construction  of  administrative  buildings,  bioclimatic  and  highly  energy-
efficient building, the headquarters of the EREN and the General Directorate of Energy and Mines, hosted guided 
visits  from  various  groups,  educational  centres,  professional  associations,  associations  of  consumers, 
architecture  and  engineering  professionals.  In  these  visits,  they  were  able  to  learn  about  its  main  energy 
facilities and its bioclimatic operation. 

5.4.2.2.2 

Training sessions for municipal staff 

Training actions were organized for technicians from the municipal staff to explain both the main aspects of 
the energy efficiency strategy and the projects and investments that were planned to be carried out at the local 
level. 

5.4.2.2.3 

Training days in the Universities 

EREN held an annual round of training and information sessions at the University of each province of Castilla y 
León. During these interactive days, students were encouraged to participate. 

The objective of these conferences was to inform students of the energy savings and energy efficiency strategy 
that was being carried out in each town and the degree of development. 

5.4.2.2.4 

Information, dissemination and communication sessions with citizens 

Different informative sessions were held by the EREN for citizens, where the key aspects of EEE-CyL-2016/2020 
strategy were exposed, especially the implementation of energy-saving and efficiency measures in each sector. 

5.4.2.2.5 

Awareness campaigns 

Awareness campaigns were organized annually by publishing guides, advertisements, messages addressed to 
companies, technicians, citizens, etc. 

5.4.2.2.6 

Celebration of energy efficiency day in Castilla y León 

It was proposed the "Celebration of energy efficiency day in Castilla y León", the International Day of energy 
efficiency (March 5). To this end, EREN organised a series of talks, exhibitions, activities, information sessions, 
etc. 

5.4.2.3  Dissemination material 

During the dissemination campaigns, brochures, videos18 and documents in paper and digital format that were 
necessary to promote disseminating the results obtained during the development of the EEE-CyL-2016/2020 
were produced. 

5.4.2.4  Articles publication in specialized magazines 

Thanks  to  the  collaboration  with  universities and technology  centres,  EREN  worked  in  promoting  the  results 
obtained  during  the  development  and  implementation  of  the  EEE-CyL-2016/2020  through  publication  in 
specialised magazines and conferences on energy saving and efficiency. 

18   https://energia.jcyl.es/web/es/ahorro-eficiencia-energetica/video-sobre-estrategia.html 

95 

 
 
5.4.2.5  Awards for promoting a good energy use 

The regional administration has encouraged and disseminated any calls for awards related to energy efficiency 
in Castilla y León. Some of them are listed below:  

Table 56.  Awards related to Energy Efficiency in Castilla y León 

Award 

Link  

EnerAgen awards 

http://www.eneragen.org/es/premios-eneragen/ 

Sustainable  construction  of  Castilla  y  León 
awards 

http://www.premioconstruccionsostenible.es/ 

Roger Leron awards 

AVEBIOM awards 

Source: EEE-CyL 2016/2020 

5.4.3  Training 

https://www.fedarene.org/the-roger-leron-award-2019-
is-on-29906 

https://www.avebiom.org/que-hacemos/eventos-para-
profesionales/premios-fomenta 

The training of the users of the facilities has been essential to guarantee the correct  operation of them and 
promote  energy  saving  and  energy  efficiency.  In  this  sense,  various  specialised  training  courses  on  energy 
efficiency were planned. 

5.4.3.1  Specialised courses  

Specialised courses were given to professionals from different sectors.  

Table 57.  Specialized courses taught to professionals 

Sector  

Topic of the course planed  

Industrial  

Courses on energy efficiency measures aimed at workers in industries 

Courses on efficient driving in vehicles for industrial use. 

Transport 

Efficient driving courses for private vehicles. 

Efficient driving for industrial vehicles. 

Efficient driving for fleets of municipal vehicles. 

Buildings 

Trainers on Energy Performance Certificates 

Energy Performance Certificates 

Public services 

Municipal Energy Management 

Public administration 

Energy Efficiency aimed at maintenance staff of public buildings. 

Energy  Performance  Certificates  aimed  at  technicians  from  different  public 
administration of Castilla y León 

Source: EEE-CyL 2016/2020 

96 

 
5.4.3.2  Guidelines 

Good practice guidelines related to energy savings and energy efficiency were developed for each key sector, 
the  transport  sector,  the  building  sector,  public  services,  and the  administration  sector of  Castilla  y  León  to 
inform and raise awareness among both workers and citizens. 

5.4.4 

International cooperation 

Within the European context, the presence of Castilla y León was strengthened, seeking the participation of 
entities  from  the  region,  promoting  international  collaboration  through  the  exchange  of  experiences  with 
organizations  with  similar  competences,  and  seeking  implementation  in  Castilla  and  León  of  European 
companies.  Furthermore,  being  present  in  the  main  forums  and  associations  in  the  field  of  energy, such  as 
FEDARENE (European Federation of Energy and Environment Agencies) and ENERAGEN (Association of Spanish 
Energy Management Agencies), taking an active role in joint initiatives and in defending the energy interests of 
the region. 

EREN has actively participated in issuing reports on directives and opinions of the European institutions: 

—  Public consultation of the GREEN BOOK A framework for climate and energy policies in 2030. 

—  Amendments  through  the  Committee  of  Regions  to  the  proposal  for  a  Directive  of  the  European 

Parliament and the Council on creating an infrastructure for alternative fuels. 

—  Amendments  through  the  Committee  of  Regions  to  the  Communication  from  the  Commission  to  the 
European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions on 
Clean Energy for Transport: European Alternative Fuels Strategy. 

—  Amendments  through  the  Committee  of  Regions  to  the  Communication  from  the  Commission  to  the 
European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of regions.  

—  Participation  in  the  different  European  programs  related  to  Energy  Efficiency,  such  as  Horizon  2020, 

Interreg Europe, Interreg Sudoe, Poptec, Life etc 

5.5  Financing mechanisms 

This section presents the financial mechanisms used in the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León by first 
presenting the total investment (section 5.5.1) and then the investments per sector (section 5.5.2). 

5.5.1  Total investment 

The energy savings established in terms of primary and final energy due to the implementation of the actions 
defined in the strategy require a total amount of 799,1 M€ to ensure the target accomplishment during the 
period considered (2016-2020). 

The investment corresponds to stakeholders from the public and private sector, having been estimated that the 
investment from the private sectors will be higher than the public ones. Specifically, 31.4% of the investment 
will come from the public sector, whereas 68.8% from the private sector investors. 

Besides the strategy defined, the public investment distribution along with the strategy period duration (2016-
2020) is detailed in the following table:  

Table 58.  Annual distribution of investment from public funds. 

Year 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Public investment (M€) 

33.2 

55.9 

59.2 

52.4 

50.5 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León (2016/2020) 

5.5.2 

Investments per sector 

The investment per sector distributions relies on the weight of the energy consumption from each sector in the 
total energy consumption of Castilla y León and the potential savings estimated to be achieved by the actions 
defined in each sector.  

97 

 
Following this approach and considering the sectoral distribution defined in the strategy, the investments per 
sector distribution is presented in the table below:  

Table 59.  Sectoral distribution of the investment required for the entire period (2016-2020) 

Year 

Industrial 
sector 

Building sector  Transport 

sector 

Public  services 
sector 

Administration 
sector 

Investment (M€) 

410.0 million 

200.5 million 

86.4 million 

79.7 million 

18.9 million 

Percentage 

51.3% 

25.1% 

10.8% 

10% 

2.4% 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León (2016/2020) 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  actions  planned  in  the  administration,  R+D+I  and  dissemination,  training  and 
communication sectors will be financed entirely with public funds (100%), while the investments planned in the 
industrial sector, in the building and tertiary sectors, transport and public services, funds of public origin, will be 
22.8%, 23.16%, 34.82% and 81.79% respectively. 

The public funds need in the strategy come from different bodies, most usually presented in Programs  and 
Grants focused on promoting energy saving and efficiency. The most important ones are listed below:  

Table 60.  Main public funds management bodies 

Management bodies 

Public fund 

Percentage 

Instituto para la diversificación y ahorro de la energía (IDAE) 

€ 192.4 million 

76.61% 

Ministry of Economy and Finance 

€ 23.9 million 

9.52% 

Ente regional de la energía (EREN) 

€ 5.8 million 

2, 33% 

Sociedad de Medioambiente de Castilla y León (SOMACYL) 

€ 13.14 million 

5.23% 

Source: Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León (2016/2020) 

Figure 41.  Public funds distribution per the public body who will manage them 

Source: Castilla y Leon Energy Efficiency strategy 2020, EREN own elaboration 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
5.6  Data sources used in the strategy definition 

The following table presents examples of data sources used to define the regional energy efficiency strategy 
of Castilla y León. However, specific datasets per sector used in the strategy can be found in Annex I. 

Table 61.  Data sources used in the energy efficiency strategy of Castilla y León 

Topic 

Source 

Brief description 

Data format/access 

World energy 
situation 

BP Statistical 
Review of World 
Energy 2017 
[106] 

Spanish 
primary and 
final energy 

IDAE (Studies 
and reports on 
energy 
balances) [107] 

This statistical review provides world 
information on energy, such as primary 
energy consumption (in total, by fuel type 
or per capita), oil data, gas, coal, nuclear 
energy, hydroelectricity, renewables, 
electricity, and other key materials (such 
as cobalt, lithium, graphite, rare earth, 
etc.). 

The data is provided at the country or 
regional level (understanding regions in 
this case as groups of countries/parts of 
continents). 

The IDAE provides energy balances of 
final energy from 1990-2018, detailed 
consumption of the service sector in 
2018, and energy consumption in the 
residential sector (2010-2018). 
Particularly interesting is the first, where 
energy balances per year, activity sector 
and energy source are available.  

The data is provided in 
excel format or PDF 
format. 

The data can be accessed 
via the web and 
downloaded in excel 
format (xls), csv or html. 

Energy 
intensity in 
Spain 

Industry, Energy 
and Transport 
ministry [108] 

The Industry, Energy and Transport 
ministry provides annually a report on the 
Energy field at the country level.  

The data is provided in 
PDF format. 

Degree of 
self-
sufficiency 

EREN own 
elaboration 

Primary 
energy in 
Castilla y 
León 

EREN Castilla y 
León energy 
statistics [109] 

The energy intensity (primary and final) 
evolution in Spain expressed as 
consumption of final energy per unit of 
GDP. The data is provided at the country 
level and per sector. 

The degree of self-sufficiency at the 
country level is provided by Industry, 
Energy and Transport ministry following 
the EUROSTAT methodology for its 
calculation. [108] 

At the regional level, there are no sources 
of data. 

The regional energy statistic portal 
provides an annual report where, among 
others, the primary energy production in 
the region per month is provided at the 
regional level, and province level 
expressed per tonne equivalent of oil for 
each energy sources available: carbon, 
natural gas, Hydraulic, nuclear, wind 
power, solar PV and solar thermal. 

99 

The data is provided in 
PDF format. 

The data is provided in 
PDF format. 

 
National 
balance of the 
electric 
system  

Red eléctrica de 
España 
(Spanish 
electricity 
network) [110] 

The REE data portal provides an electricity 
balance at the country level on a daily 
and monthly basis by means of the 
electricity demand and the electricity 
production from renewable sources and 
non-renewable sources, expressed in 
GWh. 

The data is provided in 
PDF format. 

Installed 
power 

Red eléctrica de 
España 
(Spanish 
electricity 
network) [110] 

The REE data portal provides national 
statistical series at the country and 
regional level through the installed power 
for electricity production per energy 
source (Hydraulic, nuclear, carbon, gas, 
combined cycle, wind, solar, 
cogeneration), expressed in MWh 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel 
format (xls) and csv 

Electric 
energy 
production in 
Castilla y 
León 

GDP of CyL 

EREN Castilla y 
León energy 
statistics [109] 

Red eléctrica de 
España 
(Spanish 
electricity 
network) [110] 

Estadística 
Castilla y León 
statistics [111] 

Business 
sector in CyL 

Castilla y León 
industrial 
promotion 
master 
plan[112] 

The REE data portal provides on a daily 
and monthly basis an electricity balance 
at country level using the electricity 
demand and the electricity production 
from renewable sources and non-
renewable sources, expressed in GWh. 

The data is provided in 
PDF format. 

The data can be 
downloaded in excel 
format (xls). 

The data is provided in 
PDF format. 

The D.G. de Presupuestos y Estadística de 
la Junta de Castilla y León, provides on 
annual basis statistics of the region by 
means of economic indicators such as the 
GDP (gross domestic product) and supply 
and demand components. 

Quarterly and annual GDP is provided to 
assess the GDP evolution easily. 

This plan elaborated by Castilla y León 
provides detailed information about its 
business sector and productive structure 
through the number of industrial 
companies per type of activity. The data 
provided come from other sources such 
as Eurostat [113] and the Regional 
countability of Spain [114] or the National 
statistics institute (INE)[115]. 

Industry 
energy 
consumption 

Energy, tourism 
and digital 
agenda ministry 
[116] 

This database provides downable 
statistical series on the country level, 
about sectoral data. Among others, the 
energy consumption of the industrial 
sector is provided at the regional level. 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel (xls), 
.xml and HTML formats 

Building 
sector 

Statistical 
Yearbook of 
Castilla y León 
[117] 

The annual report provided by the Castilla 
y León statistics collects territorial, 
climatological, demographic, economic, 
social, health, labour, business data, and 
education and research and technological 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel (xls) 
format 

100 

 
 
 
development data for Castilla y León 
region. 

A detailed report about the building stock 
characterization is provided annually at 
the region and province level. Information 
about the number, type, status, use, size 
among others, is reported.  

These statistics contain the statistical 
information prepared by the General Sub-
Directorate of Economic Studies and 
Statistics, a unit dependent on the 
General Directorate of Economic 
Programming and Budgets, framed in the 
Sub-secretariat of Development. 

Data about Protected housing and 
refurbishment, housing stock estimation, 
new housing stock, real estate 
transactions (sale), the Appraised value of 
the housing, Prices of urban land are 
provided at the province, regional, and 
national level an annual basis but 
monthly detailed. 

Among the statistical operations included 
in the Statistical Plan of Castilla y León 
2018-2021 is to provide population 
figures, whose objective is to know the 
official population of all the municipalities 
of Castilla y León as of January 1 of each 
year differencing by sex. 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel (xls) 
format 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel (xls) 
format 

Building 
sector 

Statistics of the 
Transport, 
Mobility and 
Urban Agenda 
Ministry [118] 

Statistical Plan 
of Castilla y 
León 2018-
2021 [119] 

General 
Directorate of 
Energy and 
Mines - Ministry 
of Economy and 
Finance [120] 

Existing Energy Performance Certificates 
are provided and updated daily in order to 
be checked and downloaded. 

Information on the thermal energy 
demand, CO2 emissions and the energy 
rating are delivered per building 
certificated. 

The data can be accessed 
via web and downloaded 
in excel (xls) and json 
formats. 

Transport 
sector 

Statistical 
Yearbook of 
Castilla y León 
[117] 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel (xls) 
format 

Data about the transport and 
communication sector is provided 
annually at region and province-level 
using road transport characterization 
(road network types, vehicles stock, 
vehicle inspections, goods transportation, 
traffic accidents), Railway transport 
(number of passengers per origin and 
destination, goods transport), Aerial 
transport (number of passengers, goods, 
and aeroplanes) 

General 
direction of 
Traffic [121] 

The General direction of Traffic publishes 
on an annual basis a General Statistical 
yearbook, where the vehicle stock is 
charactersed as well as other information 
such as Registrations, Change of vehicle 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in .pdf 
format. 

101 

 
 
 
 
 
ownership, Unsubscription, National 
vehicle stock, Driving authorizations 
issued, Revised driving authorizations, 
Duplicates and modifications of 
authorizations to drive, Drivers census, 
Test scores, Complaints made. 

All this information is provided at city, 
regional and national levels. 

On an annual basis the Spanish Railway 
Observatory publishes a report where the 
national railway infrastructure, the 
passengers and goods transport are 
characterized. Furthermore, socio-
economic and sustainable indicators are 
provided at the national to elaborate a 
diagnosis of the Spanish railway system 
with respect to the rest of European 
countries. 

Most of the data is provided at the 
national level, except the passenger 
characterization. 

The Spanish Ministry of Interior publishes 
annual dowloadable data about traffic 
and Traffic and road safety.  

Data about the vehicles stock 
characterization, Registrations, Change of 
vehicle ownership, Unsubscription, 
National vehicle stock, Drivers census, 
Driving authorizations, traffic accidents. 

Data is provided at the national level. 

Transport 
sector 

Spanish railway 
observatory 
[122] 

Ministry of 
Interior [123] 

Source: own elaboration based on EREN data 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in .pdf 
format. 

The data can be accessed 
via web, as well as 
downloaded in excel (CSV) 
format 

102 

 
 
6  Spatial Planning challenge to support the energy transition 

This section will focus on spatial planning related to energy and how this discipline can support this transition. 
To explore these aspects, two main sections are proposed. Firstly, the focus will be placed on integrating energy 
aspects with spatial planning (section 6.1) to then analyse the spatial planning competences in the EU (section 
6.2). 

6.1 

Integrating energy aspects with spatial planning 

Either due to the lack of resources, or the short-term vision of politicians, energy planning, in general, lacks one 
very important activity: continuous and integrated analysis of the effectiveness of the strategic energy plans. 

It  is  commonly  extended  the  use  of  energy  system  analysis  models  or  tools  when  defining  and  evaluating 
energy  policies,  such  as  LEAP19,  OSeMOSYS20  or  EnergyPLAN21.  These  energy  system  analysis  models  are 
characterised by a high geographical coverage (regional, national or even global) but lower temporal detail of 
the results provided (a year, a month or a day). However, when evaluating the effectiveness of specific energy 
action, sectoral models (e.g. Building stock models) with higher temporal detail (an hour, a minute) are required 
to evaluate the real impacts after the action’s implementation, as it can be seen in the following figure: 

Figure 42.  Depiction of temporal detail and geographical coverage of various numerical models 

Source: [124] 

Inappropriate  policy  decision-making  or  lack  of  effectiveness  of  the  strategic  plans  is  often  attributed  to 
uncertainty in modelled results, insufficient transparency in the models and input data, and a lack of 
integration between the underlying sub-models. 

In this regard, integrating energy aspects with spatial planning and public land development could play a key 
role  to  accelerate  the  energy  transition,  since  every  energy  action’s  implementation  depends  on  other 
development activities in the built environment, either a new urban development, a provision of land or a land-
use change.  

The European Commission defines spatial planning as:  

19  

LEAP stands for the Low Emissions Analysis Platform, is software system for integrated energy planning and climate change mitigation 
assessment, developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute. 

20   OSeMOSYS is an open source modelling system for long-run integrated assessment and energy planning. 
21   EnergyPLAN simulates the operation of national energy systems on an hourly basis, including the electricity, heating, cooling, industry, 

and transport sectors. It is developed by the Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group at Aalborg University, Denmark. 

103 

 
 
 
“The methods used largely by the public sector to influence the future distribution of activities in space. It is 
undertaken  with  the  aims  of  creating  a  more  rational  territorial  organisation  of  land  uses  and  the  linkages 
between them, to balance demands for development with the need to protect the environment, and to achieve 
social, economic objectives.” (European Commission 1997). 

Therefore, spatial planning is about defining a vision for the future development of a territory, expressed in 
spatial  terms.  It  embraces  measures  to  coordinate  other  sectoral  policies'  spatial  impacts  by  coordinating 
ecological, economic and social activities and their distribution in the city and regional areas.  

Spatial planning policies provide the long-term framework for using the limited resource “land” and can either 
hinder or support the transition to a low-carbon society. So that, an energy policy can be evaluated by analysing 
the spatial impacts its produce by means of:  

➢  Spatial planning impacting urban energy demand 

Spatial  planning  actions  have  direct  implications  in  the  energy  demand  of  a  territory  and  in  the  other  way 
around, employing energy demand for heating, cooling and illumination of buildings, demand for the provision 
of  technical  infrastructure  and  utilities,  demand  for  the  provision  of  public  social  services,  demand  for 
transportation. 

➢  Spatial planning impacting renewable energy 

Most renewable energy technologies require large land areas for producing notable amounts of energy available 
for  final  use. Some  renewable  technologies are  also  very  site-specific  and  can  only  be  installed  in  selected 
locations. Spatial planning policies are needed to reserve land for the increasing demand for renewable energy 
production that is close  enough to  main urban areas to  minimise losses occurring due to the transport and 
transmission of the energy to the centres of consumption.  

Since the transition of the EU’s energy system towards greater reliance on renewables, more land will also be 
needed for expanding and reinforce our electricity network infrastructure.  

➢  Spatial planning impacting GHG absorption and emissions due to land-use change 

Spatial planning plays a particularly important role in GHG absorption and emissions from changing land covers 
as land-use change has a long-term effect and cannot be easily reversed. Common spatial planning instrument 
in zoning or land use plans, which, on the municipal level, determine the possible use of properties for different 
land  use  categories,  thus  mapping  both  the  status  quo  as  well  as  possible  future  land-use  changes  in  a 
comprehensive and integrated manner. 

6.2  Spatial planning competences 

In this context, spatial planning agencies are central players since they can manage the opportunities to adopt 
and distribute energy solutions. The competences for spatial planning in the European Union lie on the national, 
sub-national or local level, depending on each country’s spatial planning system, which is rooted in national 
legislation and planning cultures and differs significantly between countries. Most EU Member States have a 
system where three levels of government (national, regional and local) are fitted with some sort of competence 
in planning. Exceptions to this approach exist, e.g., in the Republic of Ireland, where four levels of government 
have competences in planning, while, e.g. in the United Kingdom, the national level has no planning competences 
at all. On the other hand, Finland is characterised by a great degree of devolution of planning powers to the 
local level [125]. 

Some common patterns exist regarding the linkages between governmental level and types of spatial planning 
instruments available to policy-makers: 

—  At the national level, planning instruments (e.g. territorial development strategies) often take a visionary 

approach, set the general goals, or define the agenda for spatial planning. 

—  At  the  sub-national  (regional)  level,  instruments  (e.g.  regional  development  plans)  typically  have  a 
strategic or framework-setting character, defining concrete policies and guidelines for decision making 
and coordinated action.  

—  At  the  local  level,  most  planning  instruments  (e.g.  zoning  plans)  are  regulatory  in  nature,  designating 
(parcels of) land for concrete land uses and specifying general parameters such as density, use, building 
height, etc. 

104 

 
As a general principle, it can be said that national and regional spatial planning policies and instruments are 
defined as guiding principles or objectives. Local policies, on the other hand, are typically enshrined in legally 
binding plans. Still, it has to be noted that land use or zoning plans are typically updated every 10-15 years, 
often partially, and their content is therefore often outdated and superseded by reality. 

The EU itself has no general competence in spatial planning. Nonetheless, several ways in which EU legislation 
and  policies  influence  spatial  planning  in  Europe  through  its  sectoral  competencies  in,  e.g.  environmental, 
energy, maritime or competition law, and agenda and discourse setting are often referred to as “Europeanisation 
of spatial planning” [126]. 

In this context, it is important to highlight that INSPIRE Directive could be the main driver to integrate the energy 
aspects into the spatial planning process. This way, it can support the energy transition by easing the decision-
making process since INSPIRE establishes spatial data infrastructures of all Member States, under 34 spatial 
themes needed for any environmental application such as a regional energy strategy definition. 
Using data structures under the INSPIRE DirectiveIRECTIVE, some of the energy modelling weaknesses could be 
addressed, such as the input data and the lack of integration between the underlying sub-models. In section 
9.2,  some  existing  sectoral  models  that  take  advantage  of  the  data  structured  by  INSPIRE  (to  estimate  or 
analyse several energy aspects) will be presented. 

105 

 
 
 
7 

INSPIRE general objectives and data themes presentation 

As presented in the introduction, one of the main objects of this report is to explore  the applicability of the 
INSPIRE Directive within regional energy strategies. In this context, this section introduces INSPIRE. 

7.1 

INSPIRE Introduction 

The INSPIRE Directive (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community, 2007/2/EC) [127] is 
one of the most relevant initiatives at the European level in the context of standardisation of geospatial data. 
It  aims  to  create  a  data  infrastructure  for  spatial  data  to  support  environmental  policies  or  those  that  can 
impact  the  environment.  To  this  end,  a  series  of  common  data  models  and  exchange  mechanisms  are 
established, which is to be fully applied by 2021 by all Member States to guarantee the interoperability of their 
spatial data infrastructures, according to an implementation roadmap shown in the Figure 43 below: 

Figure 43.  INSPIRE implementation roadmap 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

106 

 
 
The  Directive  also  aims  at  solving  specific  obstacles  identified  in  public  consultations  in  the  course  of  the 
preparation of the INSPIRE Directive from 2001 – 2004 [128], in particular: 

—  Spatial data is often missing or incomplete. 

—  The description (documentation) of available spatial data is often incomplete. 

—  Spatial datasets can often not be combined with other spatial datasets. 

—  The systems to find, access and use spatial data often function in isolation only and are not compatible 

with each other. 

—  Cultural,  institutional,  financial  and  legal  barriers  prevent  or  delay  the  sharing  and  re-use  of  existing 

spatial data. 

With  these  obstacles  in  mind,  the  INSPIRE  Directive  entered  into  force  in  2007,  grounded  on  the  following 
principles: 

INSPIRE principles: 

—  Data should be collected only once and kept where it can be maintained most effectively. 

—  It should be possible to combine seamless spatial information from different sources across Europe 

and share it with many users and applications. 

—  It should be possible for information collected at one level/scale to be shared with all levels/scales; 

detailed for thorough investigations, general for strategic purposes. 

—  Geographic information needed for good governance at all levels should be readily and transparently 

available. 

—  Easy to find what geographic information is available, how it can be used to meet a particular need, 

and under which conditions it can be acquired and used. 

To enable its implementation, the INSPIRE Directive defined the following elements of the infrastructure: 

—  Metadata 

—  Interoperability of spatial data 

—  Spatial data services 

—  Network services 

—  Sharing data and services 

—  Procedures for monitoring and report. 

Besides the Directive, the legally binding aspects of each of the elements listed above are covered by specific 
Implementing Rules, whilst a series of Technical Guidelines provide non legally-binding guidance about how to 
technically implement what is required in the Implementing Rules. This is reflected in the following Figure 44: 

107 

 
 
 
 
Figure 44.  Relationship between INSPIRE Implementing Rules and Technical Guidance 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge Base 

The  Directive,  as  well  as  the  Implementing  rules  and  the  Technical  Guidelines,  are  available  in  the  INSPIRE 
Knowledge base (www.inspire.ec.europa.eu). To guarantee an adequate implementation and the maintenance 
of the Directive, a working group called “MIG” (Maintenance and Implementation Group”) has been established. 
It is responsible for updating the implementation process of the Directive, serves as a contact point, provides 
advice, identifies and solves errors, and proposes good practices. In addition, on the following website [129], it 
is possible to observe the status of the INSPIRE Directive's transposition in the Member States. 

7.2 

INSPIRE themes 

The INSPIRE 34 data themes represent the topics  that are covered in the Directive. They are  organised into 
three annexes linked to the roadmap towards their implementation, as depicted in Figure 43. A list of the data 
themes  covered  in  each  annex  is  provided  below.  For  a  brief  description  of  each  of  the  themes  and 
corresponding links to explore further information on each of them, please refer to Table 108 in Annex 4. 

Table 62.  INSPIRE themes per Annex 

Annex I: 9 themes 

Annex II: 4 themes 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

(AD) Addresses 

(CP) Cadastral Parcels 

(GG)  Geographical  grid 
systems  

(HY) Hydrography 

(TN) Transport Networks 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

(AU) Administrative Units 

10. (EL) Elevation 

(RS) 
Reference Systems 

Coordinate 

(GN) Geographical Names 

(PS) Protected Sites 

11. (LC) Land Cover 

12. (GE) Geology 

13. (OI) Orthoimagery 

Annex III: 21 themes 

108 

 
 
 
14. (AF)  Agricultural  and 
aquaculture facilities 

15. (AC) 

Atmospheric 

21. (PD) 

distribution 
demography 

Population 
and 

conditions 

22. (SR) Sea regions 

16. (BU) Buildings 

23. (SD) Species distributions 

28. (HB) 

Habitats 

and 

biotopes 

29. (LU) Land use 

30. (MR) Mineral resources 

31. (OF) 

Oceanographic 

17. (EF) 

Environmental 

24. (US) 

Utility 

and 

geographical features 

monitoring facilities 

governmental services 

18. (HH)  Human  health  and 

safety 

19. (MF) 

Meteorological 

25. (AM) Area management / 
restriction 
regulation 
/ 
zones and reporting units 

geographical features 

26. (BR) 

Bio-geographical 

20. (NZ) Natural risk zones 

regions 

27. (ER) Energy resources 

32. (PF) 

Production 
industrial facilities 

and 

33. (SO) Soil 

34. (SU) Statistical Units 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

7.3 

INSPIRE within this report 

INSPIRE will be analysed in the context of regional energy strategies by exploring the case study of Castilla y 
León. To this end, firstly, the available datasets in the region will be explored (section 9.1), and then applications 
will be proposed. From all the available INSPIRE data themes, the following will be observed more in detail 
through the applications proposed. In the following Table 63, the INSPIRE theme, its description, the application 
presented in the document and the section where it is presented are displayed. 

Table 63.  INSPIRE data themes analysed in the present document 

INSPIRE Theme & Description 

BU - Buildings Geographical location of buildings. 

TN – Transport networks Road, rail, air and water transport networks and 
related  infrastructure.  Includes  links  between  different  networks.  Also 
includes the trans-European transport network as defined in Decision No 1692/96/EC 
of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  23  July  1996  on  Community 
Guidelines  for  the  development  of  the  trans-European  transport  network  (1)  and 
future revisions of that Decision 

Application 

Energy  in  buildings 
(Section 9.2.1) 

Transport  networks: 
road (Section 9.2.2) 

PF  –  Production  and  industrial  facilities  Industrial  production  sites, 
including  installations  covered  by  Council  Directive  96/61/EC  of  24 
September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (1) 

Energy 
sites (Section 9.3.1) 

generation 

and water abstraction facilities, mining, storage sites. 

PD – Population distribution and demography Geographical distribution 
of people, including population characteristics and activity levels, aggregated 

Statistical 
(Section 9.3.2) 

data 

by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical units. 

SU  –  Statistical  units  Units  for  dissemination  or  use  of  statistical 
information. 

ER  –  Energy  Resources  Energy  resources  including  hydrocarbons, 
hydropower,  bio-energy,  solar,  wind,  etc.,  where  relevant 
including 
depth/height information on the extent of the resource. 

Energy 
(Section 9.4) 

resources 

Source: own elaboration based on definitions from INSPIRE Knowledge Base 

109 

 
8  Other open data to support regional energy strategies implementation 

Based  on  the  main  sectors  identified  as  crucial  within  regional  energy  strategies,  the  following  Table  64  is 
presented.  For  each  strategic  sector  in  the  Castilla  y  León  Efficiency  Regional  Strategy  (industrial,  building, 
transport, public services and administrative sector), some relevant data and potential data sources from those 
analysed in section 3 are shown below: 

Table 64.  Potential open data sources to support regional energy strategies in EU 

Source 

Themes 

l

a
i
r
t
s
u
d
n
I

g
n
d

i

l
i

u
B

t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
T

s
e
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e
s

c
i
l

b
u
P

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i
t
a
r
t
s
i
n
m
d
A

i

EUROSTAT-  Statistical 
office of the EU 

Economy and finance  

CROSS-CUTTING 

Section in 
this 
report 

Section 
3.1.1.1 

FAOSTAT-  

Food  and  Agriculture 
Organization  of 
the 
United 
Nations 
database 

Population and social 
conditions 

Industry, trade and 
services 

International trade in 
goods 

x 

x 

CROSS-CUTTING 

x 

Transport 

x 

Environment and energy 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Science, technology, digital 
society 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Section 
3.1.1.2 

CROSS-CUTTING 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

Production (crops, 
livestock…) 

Investment 

Trade (crops, livestock, live 
animals) 

Food Balance and food 
security 

Agri-Environmental 
Indicators 

Prices (producer, 
consumer) 

Emissions-Agriculture, 
Land Use 

Inputs (fertilizers, 
pesticides, land use) 

x 

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source 

Themes 

FAOSTAT-  

Population 

Food  and  Agriculture 
Organization  of 
the 
United 
Nations 
database 

EEA 
–. 
Environment Agency 

European 

Forestry production and 
trade 

Air and climate (air 
pollution, climate change 
impacts, adaptation, 
mitigation) 

Nature (biodiversity, 
ecosystems, land use, soil, 
water) 

Sustainability and well-
being (environment, health, 
policy instruments) 

Agriculture  

Energy 

Transport 

Industry 

Section in 
this 
report 

Section 
3.1.1.2 

Section 
3.1.1.3 

g
n
d

i

l
i

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B

t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
T

s
e
c
i
v
r
e
s

c
i
l

b
u
P

e
v
i
t
a
r
t
s
i
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m
d
A

i

CROSS-CUTTING 

x 

x 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

x 

x 

CROSS-CUTTING 

x 

l

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x 

x 

x 

IEA 
– 
Energy Agency 

International 

Energy supply 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Section 
3.1.1.4 

Energy consumption 

CROSS-CUTTING 

ESPON  programme  - 
by 
co-financed 
the 
European 
Regional 
Development 

x 

Section 
3.1.1.5 

Prices and taxes 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Statistics by fuel type 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Agriculture and fisheries 

x 

Economy, finance and 
trade 

Education, Health and 
Safety 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Environment and Energy 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Governance 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Information Society 

CROSS-CUTTING 

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source 

Themes 

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ESPON  programme  - 
by 
co-financed 
the 
Regional 
European 
Development 

Territorial Structure 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Transp. and Accessibility 

x 

Labour Market, population 
and living conditions 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Urban  Data  Platform 
Plus (UDPplus) 

Population dynamics 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Economy 

Labour market 

Education 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Research & Innovation 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Social issues 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Trans. and accessibility 

x 

Environment and climate 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Security and safety 

CROSS-CUTTING 

StratBOARD 

Strategies (SUD, ITI, CLLD) 
under ESIF 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Building Stock Data 

TABULA data (resid) 

B. Stock Observatory 

ENTRANZE 

DEEP database 

Energy efficiency projects 
in buildings and industries. 

x 

ODYSEE 

Macro (macro sectors, 
macro-economic data, 
macro energy efficiency 
indicators) 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Section in 
this 
report 

Section 
3.1.1.5 

Section 
3.1.1.6 

Section 
3.1.2.1.3 

Section 
3.1.3.1 

Section 
3.1.3.2 

Section 
3.1.3.3 

Section 
3.1.3.4 

Section 
3.1.3.5 

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source 

ODYSEE 

MURE 

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Section in 
this 
report 

Section 
3.1.3.5 

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x 

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x 

g
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l
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u
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x 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Themes 

Industry (industry 
branches, economic data, 
efficiency indicators) 

Transport (modes, 
technical and economic 
data, energy efficiency 
indicators) 

Households (residential 
end-uses, technical and 
economic data, energy 
efficiency indicators) 

Services (services and 
agriculture branches, 
economic data, energy 
efficiency indicators) 

General cross-cutting 
policies 

Household policies 

x 

Industry policies 

x 

Copernicus data 

Service policies 

Transport policies 

Copernicus Land 
Monitoring Service 

Copernicus Climate Change 
Service 

Open Street Maps 

Description of urban 
settings 

Source: own elaboration 

x 

x 

x 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

CROSS-CUTTING 

Section 
3.2.1 

Section 
3.2.2 

It is worth highlighting that this table provides a preliminary approach towards the potential applicability of 
these  data  to  the  respective  sectors  in  a  regional  energy  strategy.  However,  it  is  crucial  to  analyse  more 
specifically each data source to determine its relevance (especially those marked as cross-cutting) and explore 
the data access offered in each of the cases. The combination of both aspects will determine if the datasets 
provided can be used in practice or not. 

113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9  Castilla y León region case study 

This section analyses the Castilla y León region case study based on the understanding of its regional energy 
strategy (explained in sections 4 and 5). To this end, the available INSPIRE datasets are listed (section 9.1), two 
applications based on these datasets are  presented (section 9.2), two examples based on data coming from 
other  sources  are  provided  (section  9.3),  and  a  final  section  (section  9.4)  describing  the  role  that  data 
harmonised according to the Energy Resources INSPIRE theme could play is provided. 

9.1 

INSPIRE Datasets to support CyL Regional Energy Strategy 

themes.  The  geoportal 

The  Regional  Administration  of  Castilla  y  León  has  a  geoportal  where  data  is  discoverable  by  searching  by 
INSPIRE 
link: 
https://idecyl.jcyl.es/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/home. These datasets cover 16 INSPIRE data Themes 
(Figure 45), with 92 being the total number of resources included in November 2020, of which 69 datasets, 3 
dataset series and 20 services. By clicking on each dataset, a brief description of the attributes included can be 
found, as well as their metadata or its accessibility (viewable as WMS or downloadable). 

is  accessible,  and  data  can  be  downloaded  under 

this 

Figure 45.  Homepage of the Geoportal of Castilla y León. 

Source: Castilla y León Geoportal [130]. 

At this date (Nov.2020), these regional datasets are not discoverable in the INSPIRE Geoportal yet. This could 
be due to a problem of competences between the different levels in the Spanish governance scheme that has 
a direct influence on the sharing of geospatial information. Taking this into account, different datasets in each 
geoportal can be found (at the Regional or National level) with different attributes and a great variety of spatial 
resolutions. All the analysed data are provided in Table 65. 

Table 65.  Datasets in Castilla y León by INSPIRE theme and available format/accessibility. 

Dataset 

Resource type 

Area  management  /  restriction  /  regulation  zones  and 
reporting units 

items:  12 

#  of 
(10  WMS,  9 
downloadable  shapefile,  3  online 
visual) 

Areas  subject  to  management,  restrictions  or  regulations  and 
notification units of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Thermopluviometric potentiality of forest species in Castilla y León  WMS service 

114 

 
 
  
Flora  of  Castilla  y  León:  thermopluviometric  potentiality  of  forest 
species 

Shapefile 

Livestock routes: Valladolid province 

WMS service and shapefile 

Flora of Castilla y León: forest reproduction material (FRM) of plant 
species 

WMS service and shapefile 

Forest of Castilla y León: forest inventory plots 

WMS service and shapefile 

Forest of Castilla y León: forest planning 

WMS service and shapefile 

Forest of Castilla y León: sustainable forest certification (PEFC) 

WMS service and shapefile 

Fishing in Castilla y León: Fishing Sections 2020 

Fishing in Castilla y León: Crab Fishing Sections 2020 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

Hunting of Castilla y León: hunting grounds 

WMS service and shapefile 

Cartography of the plan for use and management in the Guadarrama 
mountains 

Online visualization 

Geology 

items:  3 

(2  WMS,  2 
#  of 
downloadable  shapefile,  1  online 
visual) 

Geology of Castilla y León: tectonics 

Shapefile and online visualization 

Geology of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Geology of Castilla y León: lithology 

WMS service and shapefile 

Hydrography 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile) 

items:  3 

(3  WMS,  2 

Hydrography of Castilla y León: water bodies 

WMS service and shapefile 

Hydrography of Castilla y León: river courses 

WMS service and shapefile 

Hydrography of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Natural risk zones 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile) 

items:  2 

(2  WMS,  1 

Risk areas of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Forest fires in Castilla y León: high risk areas 

WMS service and shapefile 

Protected sites 

#  of 
items:  16 
downloadable shapefile) 

(15  WMS,  15 

Natura 2000 Network: Special Protection Areas for Birds of Castilla 
y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

115 

 
  
 
 
 
Fauna of Castilla y León: areas of application of protected species 

WMS service and shapefile 

Natura 2000 Network: Special Conservation Zones of Castilla y León  WMS service and shapefile 

Natural Recreation Areas of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Assets of Cultural Interest of Castilla y León: axes 

WMS service and shapefile 

Forests of Castilla y León: cataloged protective forests 

WMS service and shapefile 

Assets of Cultural Interest of Castilla y León: real estate 

WMS service and shapefile 

Protected places of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Cataloged Wetlands of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Flora of Castilla y León: remarkable trees 

WMS service and shapefile 

Forests of Castilla y León: forest of public utility 

WMS service and shapefile 

Fauna of Castilla y León: critical areas of protected species 

WMS service and shapefile 

Fauna of Castilla y León: areas of relevance of the Lark Ricotí 

WMS service and shapefile 

Network of Natural Spaces of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Natural resources management Plan of the Sierra  de  Guadarrama 
natural space 

Shapefile 

Assets of Cultural Interest of Castilla y León: protection areas 

WMS service and shapefile 

Administrative units 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile) 

items:  5 

(5  WMS,  4 

Administrative units of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Provincial boundaries of Castilla y León: enclosures 

WMS service and shapefile 

Autonomic boundaries of Castilla y León: enclosures 

WMS service and shapefile 

Municipal boundaries of Castilla y León: enclosures 

WMS service and shapefile 

Municipal boundaries of Castilla y León: boundary lines 

WMS service and shapefile 

Geographical grid systems 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile) 

items:  7 

(7  WMS,  6 

Geographical grid distribution MTN200 of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Geographical grid distribution MTN10 of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Geographical grid system of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Geographical grid distribution MTN25 of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Geographical grid distribution MTN5 of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

116 

 
 
 
Geographical grid distribution MTN100 of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Geographical grid distribution MTN50 of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Land cover 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile, 1 WTS) 

items:  9 

(9  WMS,  4 

Land cover of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Urban Topographic Cartography Series of Castilla y León 1: 1,000 

WMS service and shapefile 

Urban Topographic Cartography of Castilla y León 1: 1,000 

WMS service 

Topographic Map Series of Castilla y Leon: 1: 5,000 

WMS service and shapefile 

Topographic Map of Castilla y León 1: 5,000 

WMS service 

Unified Topographic Map of Castilla y León 

WMS and WTS service 

Topographic Map Series of Castilla y Leon: 1: 10,000 

WMS service and shapefile 

Topographic Map of Castilla y León 1: 10,000 

WMS service 

Geographic Information System of Agricultural Parcels (SIGPAC) of 
Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Orthoimagery 

#  of  items: 2  (2  WMS, 1  TIF/ECW, 1 
PNG) 

Aerial orthophoto of Castilla y León 

WMS service and TIF/ECW 

Aerial orthophoto of population areas of Castilla y León 

WMS service and PNG 

Statistical units 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile) 

items:  4 

(4  WMS,  3 

Statistical units of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Territorial sections of the Environment of Castilla y León 

WMS service and shapefile 

Castilla y León Environmental Regions 

WMS service and shapefile 

Boundaries of population entities of Castilla y León: enclosures 

WMS service and shapefile 

Elevation 

# of items: 5 (5 WMS, 4 TIF, 1 ASCII) 

Digital Elevation Model of Castilla y León: aspects 

WMS service and TIF 

Digital Elevation Model of Castilla y León: hillshade 

WMS service and TIF 

Elevation map of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Digital Elevation Model of Castilla y León 

WMS service, TIF and ASCII 

Digital Elevation Model of Castilla y León: slopes 

WMS service and TIF 

117 

 
  
 
 
 
Human health and safety 

items:  6 

(4  WMS,  4 
#  of 
downloadable  shapefile,  2  online 
visual, 1 TIF) 

Health in Castilla y León: Health Areas 

WMS service and TIF 

COVID19 in Castilla y León - Provinces 

Online visualization and shapefile 

Health in Castilla y León: Health Centers 

WMS service and shapefile 

Health in Castilla y León: Basic Health Zones 

WMS service and shapefile 

COVID19 in Castilla y León - Basic Health Zones 

Online visualization and shapefile 

Human health and safety: Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Land use 

items:  5 

(5  WMS,  4 
#  of 
downloadable  shapefile,  4  online 
visual) 

Land use in Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Urban planning in Castilla y León: development sectors 

Urban planning in Castilla y León: municipal scope 

Urban planning in Castilla y León: soil classes 

Urban planning in Castilla y León: land categories 

Population distribution - demography 

Population of Castilla y León: density / mesh 1km (Census 2011) 

Environmental monitoring facilities 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

items:  1 

#  of 
(1  WMS,  1 
downloadable  shapefile,  1  online 
visual) 

WMS  service,  shapefile  and  online 
visualization 

items:  2 

(1  WMS,  1 
#  of 
downloadable  shapefile,  1  online 
visual) 

Castilla y León Environmental Prevention: vulnerable zones 2020 

Shapefile and online visualization 

Environmental observation facilities 

WMS service 

Transport networks 

#  of 
downloadable shapefile) 

items:  9 

(9  WMS,  8 

Railway of Castilla y León: Train stations 

WMS service and shapefile 

Roads of Castilla y León: mountain passes 

WMS service and shapefile 

118 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Airstrips of Castilla y León: Delimitation 

WMS service and shapefile 

Railway in Castilla y León: train tracks 

WMS service and shapefile 

Roads of Castilla y León: road network links 

WMS service and shapefile 

Transport networks of Castilla y León 

WMS service 

Roads of Castilla y León: road network 

WMS service and shapefile 

Roads of Castilla y León: kilometer points 

WMS service and shapefile 

Airstrips of Castilla y León: Location 

WMS service and shapefile 

Total themes: 15 / 34 

Total items: 91 

Source: Own elaboration, based on information from Geoportal of Castilla y León. 

On the other hand, data from the INSPIRE Geoportal at the National Level were analysed due to their added 
value  for  regional  analysis.  In  the  Spanish  case,  220  datasets  are  included  (Figure  46).  A  review  of  these 
datasets was developed by classifying the data according to the following criteria:  

—  Dataset metadata: yes or no. 

—  Downloadable: yes or no. 

—  Viewable: yes or no. 

—  Scale: Regional, National or Local. This attribute indicates the spatial coverage of the data. 

The  data  were  analysed 
geoportal.ec.europa.eu/results.html?country=es&view=details&theme=none. 

in  November  2020  by  accessing 

the  following 

link:  https://inspire-

Figure 46.  Homepage of the INSPIRE Geoportal 

Source: INSPIRE Geoportal [131]. 

We found that the same data could be included in two or more INSPIRE  data themes. For this reason, 240 
datasets are included in Table 66. This is quite confusing, taking into account the different specifications for 
sharing data using different INSPIRE data models. In this table 6 aspects are analysed: 

119 

 
 
—  Dataset metadata: if metadata of the dataset is available 

—  Downloadable: if the dataset is downloadable 

—  Viewable: if the dataset viewable: 

—  National scale: if the dataset has a national scope and covers the whole of Spain 

—  Regional/local: if the dataset has a regional or local scope 

—  Appl. CyL: if the dataset covers Castilla y León and could be used in this region 

Table 66.  INSPIRE datasets available at country level (Spain). 

t
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A

Addresses 

6 

4 

5 

3 

2 

1 

Address 

Navarra Addresses. INSPIRE 

Addresses of Giopuzkoa, INSPIRE 

Addresses of Cartocity project of Spain 

Base map of La Rioja 

CA08000 - Streets 1:1,000 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

Administrative units 

7 

5 

7 

2 

5 

0 

Shape of Administrative units of Araba/Álava (INSPIRE) 

Database of Administrative units of Spain 

Administrative units of Gipuzkoa, INSPIRE 

Shape of Administrative boundaries of Araba/Álava (INSPIRE) 

Maritime boundaries of Spain (INSPIRE) 

Administrative boundaries of Cataluña 

Base map of La Rioja 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Cadastral parcels 

5 

5 

5 

1 

4 

0 

Building shape of Araba/Álava (INSPIRE) 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parcels shape of Araba/Álava (INSPIRE) 

Cadastral Parcel 

Cadastral Parcels of Navarra. INSPIRE  

Cadastral parcels of Gipuzkoa, INSPIRE  

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

Geographical grid systems 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Not available 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Geographical names 

7 

4 

4 

1 

6 

0 

Valencian Toponymic Nomenclàtor harmonized to INSPIRE model 

Basic Geographical Nomenclator of Spain 

Basic Geographical Nomenclator of Aragon 

Geographical names of Gipuzkoa, INSPIRE 

Topographic Cartography 1: 1,000 

Base map of La Rioja 

Geographical Nomenclator of Andalucía 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Hydrography 

7 

4 

2 

5 

2 

0 

Coast line of Spain 

IGR hydrography of Spain 

Complete river sub-basins classified according to modified Pfafstetter 

Spanish river sections classified according to modified Pfafstetter 

Topographic Cartography 1: 1,000 

Base map of La Rioja 

Dams inventory 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

Protected sites 

9 

8 

1 

8 

1 

0 

Natura 2000 network 

Special Protection Area for Birds_ZEPA 

Biosphere Reserves (MaB_ES) 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

121 

 
 
 
 
 
Place of Community Importance. LIC 

Wetlands included in the Ramsar Convention List. Ramsar_ES 

OSPAR Network of Marine Protected Areas (OSPAR) 

Specially  Protected  Areas  of 
(ZEPIM_ES) 

Importance  for  the  Mediterranean 

Natural Protected areas (ENP_ES) 

I-09_Goods of Cultural Interest (BIC) 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

Coordinate reference systems 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Not available 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Transport networks 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

0 

Transport networks 

Adif Rail Transport Network 

Topographic Cartography 1: 1,000 

Base map of La Rioja 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

Elevation 

7 

1 

6 

4 

3 

0 

Digital  Terrain  Model  in  areas  of  significant  potential  risk  of  flooding 
(ARPSIs) 

Topographic Cartography 1: 1,000 

Digital Terrain Model of Cataluña (15x15m y 5x5m) 

LiDAR map of Spain (2.5m) 

Digital Terrain Model of Spain (5, 25 y 200 m) 

Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of 1 m of the Basque Country. Year 2016 

Marine Management Entities: Reference Isobaths 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

Geology 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

Geological Map of the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and the Canary 
Islands at a scale of 1: 1,000,000, 1995 edition 

Hydrogeological Map of Spain at 1: 200,000 continuous digital scale 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

122 

 
 
 
 
 
Land cover 

6 

4 

2 

6 

0 

0 

Land Occupation Information System in Spain (SIOSE), year 2014 

CORINE Land Cover 2018 of Spain  

Forest Map of Spain of maximum actuality 

Spanish Inventory of Wetlands (IEZH_ES) 

Enclosures of the geographic information system of agricultural parcels 
(SIGPAC) 

Atlas of the Landscapes of Spain 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Orthoimagery 

5 

0 

2 

1 

4 

0 

Orthophoto of Catalonia 1: 2 500 (OF-25C) v3.3 

Update PNOA orthophotos from Spain 

Orthophotography series of Extremadura with a 10 cm pixel in the field. 
(Extremadura joint) 

16cm orthophotography of the three capitals of the Basque Country. Year 
2005 

7cm orthophotography of urban areas of the Autonomous Community of 
the Basque Country. (2007-2009) 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

Atmospheric conditions 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Not available 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Agricultural and aquaculture facilities 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

Irrigation Horizon 2008 

Modernized Irrigation, Shock Plan: Projects 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units  43 

41 

0 

43 

0 

0 

Vulnerable  areas  to  contamination  by  nitrates  (Quadrennium  Report 
2012-2015. Dir 91/676 / CEE) 

Status of groundwater bodies PHC 2015-2021 

Status of surface water bodies (polygons) PHC 2015-2021 

Drinking water protected areas (lines) PHC 2015-2021 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Surface water bodies (polygons) PHC 2015-2021 

Groundwater bodies PHC 2015-2021 

Status of surface water bodies (lines) PHC 2015-2021 

Surface water bodies (lines) PHC 2015-2021 

Hydrographic Demarcations PHC 2015-2021 

Protected drinking water areas (polygons) PHC 2015-2021 

Protected areas aquatic species: PHC molluscs 2015-2021 

Catchment areas of sensitive areas (Q2015. Dir 91/271 / CEE) 

Urban agglomerations (Q2015. Dir 91/271 / CEE) 

Sensitive areas identified by polygons (Q2015. Dir 91/271 / CEE) 

Sensitive areas identified by lines (Q2015. Dir 91/271 / CEE) 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Lden_Airports 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Airports_Ln 

Strategic Map Units (UME) _Airports 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Industrial_Lden Agglomerations 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Roads_Agglomerations_Ln 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER)_Railway_Agglomerations_Ln 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER)_Railway_Agglomerations_Lden 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Roads_Agglomerations_Lden 

Strategic Map Units (UME) _Aglomerations 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Aglomerations_Total_Ln 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Industrial_Aglomerations_Ln 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Total _Aglomerations_Lden 

Air quality zones from historical assessment information 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Roads_Lden 

Strategic Map Units (UME)_Roads 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER)_Roads_Ln 

Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Railwaylines_Ln 

124 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

 
Strategic Noise Maps (MER) _Railwaylines_Lden 

Eutrophication assessment marine areas 

River basin districts (land area) 

Marine boundaries 

River basin districts (land and sea) 

Maritime Terrestrial Public Domain (Excluded cores) 

Land Maritime Public Domain 

Land Maritime Public Domain (Unnecessary land) 

Strategic Map Units (UME)_Rail lines 

Mountains of Public Utility 

Ownership of the Mountains 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Biogeographical regions 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

Biogeographical regions. State 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

X 

Buildings 

8 

3 

7 

1 

7 

0 

Araba/Álava Buildings (INSPIRE) 

Cadastral parcels of Araba/Álava  (INSPIRE) 

Buildings of Gipuzkoa. INSPIRE 

Topographic Cartography 1: 1,000 

Base map of La Rioja 

Building 

Organizational Entities of the Marine Environment in Galicia 

Galicia Topographic Base 1: 5,000 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

Environmental monitoring facilities 

27 

27 

0 

27 

0 

0 

Nitrate  control  network  in  groundwater  (Quadrennium  Report  2012-
2015. Dir 91/676 / CEE) 

X 

X 

Nitrate  control  network  in  surface  waters  (Quadrennium  Report  2012-
2015. Dir 91/676 / CEE) 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

125 

 
 
 
 
 
Hydrographic  network  formed  by  union  of  bodies of  water PHC  2015-
2021 

Surface water monitoring networks PHC 2015-2021 

Groundwater monitoring networks PHC 2015-2021 

Supply Control 

Control Changes Anthropogenic Activity 

Capacity Stations in SAIH reservoir 

SAIH River Capacity Stations (Flow) 

Integrated Network of Gauging Stations (SAIH-ROEA) 

Weather Stations of the Meteorological State Agency 

Monitoring network for the quantitative status of groundwater 

Subterranean Water Chemical Status Control Network 

Air quality sampling points 

Air quality stations 

Air Quality Model Areas 

Control of emissions to the Mediterranean (BARCELONA AGREEMENT) 

Transects  that  will  contribute  to  the  monitoring  of  Spain's  marine 
strategies 

Stations  that  will  contribute  to  the  monitoring  of  Spain's  marine 
strategies 

Control of Cross-Border Rivers with Portugal (Albufeira Agreement) 

Control Changes in Natural Conditions (Reference Network) 

Control of Hazardous Substances 

Pesticide Control 

General Operational Control 

Pole network of the ERHIN program 

Telenivometers used by the ERHIN program 

SAIH rainfall stations 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Energy resources 

4 

1 

2 

2 

2 

0 

126 

 
 
Wind Farms of La Rioja 

Petrol Stations Geoportal 

Easements of the General Municipal Planning Plan of the year 2013 at a 
scale of 1: 15000 of the A Coruña City Council 

Hydrocarbon Mining Domain and drilling 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

Habitats and biotopes 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

Habitat of Community Interest. (2007-2012) 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

X 

Human health and safety 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

Captures, tanks and treatment plants in La Rioja. 

Studies of the sound levels in the whole period day, afternoon and night 
of La Rioja. 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

Land use 

16 

3 

2 

4 

12 

0 

Land Occupation Information System in Spain (SIOSE), year 2014 

Forest Map of Spain of maximum actuality 

Urban Information (Urban Information System of Spain) 

Topographic Cartography 1: 1,000 

Management of Urbanizable and Rustic Land of the Municipal Planning 
General  Plan  of  the  year  2013  at  1:  5000  scale  of  the  A  Coruña  City 
Council 

Land Cover and Land Use map of Galicia at a scale of 1: 25000 

Easements of the General Municipal Planning Plan of the year 2013 at a 
scale of 1: 15000 of the A Coruña City Council 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Land Use of the Management Plan of the Coast (POL) 1: 20000 Galicia 

X 

Zoning of Urban Land of the General Plan for the Municipal Planning of 
2013 at a scale of 1: 2000 of the City Council of A Coruña 

Global uses of the General Plan for the Municipal Planning of 2013 at a 
scale of 1: 2000 of the City Council of A Coruña 

Urban land of the General Plan for the Municipal Planning of 2013 at a 
scale of 1: 2000 of the City Council of A Coruña 

X 

X 

X 

Urban Planning of the Management Plan of the Coast of Galicia 1: 20000  X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

127 

 
 
 
 
Enclosures of the geographic information system of agricultural parcels 
(SIGPAC) 

Thematic Cartography of Extremadura. Qualification of Soils 

Thematic Cartography of Extremadura. Classes of Soils 

Thematic Cartography of Extremadura. Categories of Soils 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

Meteorological geographical features 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Not available 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Mineral resources 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

Mining rights (points) of La Rioja. 

Mining Domains 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

Natural risk zones 

34 

32 

5 

34 

0 

0 

Danger due to river flooding T = 10 years 

Coastal flood hazard T = 100 years 

Danger due to river flooding T = 100 years 

Coastal flood hazard T = 500 years 

Danger due to river flooding T = 500 years 

River flood risk map affecting population T = 10 years 

Map of environmental risk points due to river flloding T=10 years  

Floodplains with high probability (T = 10 years) 

Map of environmental risk areas due to river flooding T = 10 years 

Economic fluvial flood risk map T = 10 years 

Map of environmental risk areas due to river flooding T = 100 years 

Map of environmental risk points river flooding T = 100 years 

River flood risk map affecting population T = 100 years 

Coastal flood risk map for population affection T = 100 years 

Coastal flood extension T = 100 years 

Flood areas of medium or occasional probability (T = 100 years) 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

X 

128 

 
 
 
 
Economic fluvial flood risk map T = 100 years 

Map of coastal flood risk areas environmental impact T = 100 years 

Coastal flood risk map economic impact T = 100 years 

Map of coastal flood risk points environmental impact T = 100 years 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Areas of Significant Potential Risk of Flooding (ARPSIs) 2nd cycle (2018)  X 

Flood areas of frequent flooding (T = 50 years) 

Economic fluvial flood risk map T = 500 years 

Coastal flood extension T = 500 years 

Map of coastal flood risk points environmental impact T = 500 years 

Map of environmental risk points river flooding T = 500 years 

Flood zones of low or exceptional probability (T = 500 years) 

River flood risk map affecting population T = 500 years 

Coastal flood risk map economic impact T = 500 years 

Map of environmental risk areas due to river flooding T = 500 years 

Coastal flood risk map population affection T = 500 years 

Map of coastal flood risk areas environmental impact T = 500 years 

Exploitation Standards of Flooding Zones 

Forest fire frequency map by municipality 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

X 

X 

Oceanographic geographical features 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Hourly data of the HF Radar of Galicia last 5 days 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

Population distribution-demography 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Spatial distribution of the population of Andalucia 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

- 

Production and industrial facilities 

2 

2 

1 

0 

2 

0 

Wind Farms of La Rioja 

Captures, tanks and treatment plants in La Rioja. 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Species distribution 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

129 

 
 
 
 
 
Species distribution 

X 

- 

- 

X 

- 

X 

Soil 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

N Inventory of Soil Erosion (2002-2019). Erosion in riverbeds 

N Inventory of Soil Erosion (2002-2019). Wind erosion 

X 

X 

N Inventory of Soil Erosion (2002-2019). Potential for mass movements  X 

N Inventory of Soil Erosion (2002-2019). Potential erosion 

X 

N Inventory of Soil Erosion (2002-2019). Lamellar and streaked erosion 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Sea regions 

Coast line of Spain 

Eutrophication assessment marine areas 

Marine demarcations 

Marine Physical Environment: Nature of the Seabed 

4 

3 

1 

4 

0 

0 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

X 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Statistical units 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

Census Sections of the Register of Inhabitants of Spain 

Census Sections of Spain 

Census Sections of General Censuses of Spain 

Census Sections of the Electoral Census of Spain 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Utility and governmental services 

17 

8 

3 

13 

4 

0 

Volunteer groups in La Rioja 

Educational centers in La Rioja 

Health resources in La Rioja 

Dumping points of urban treatment plants (Q2015. Dir 91/271 / CEE) 

Wastewater treatment plants (Q2015. Dir 91/271 / CEE) 

Isolated Populations 

Guide to Beaches in Spain 

Waste Landfills 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

130 

 
 
 
 
 
SE08000 - Municipal services and equipment 1: 1000 

X 

Map of attention and information centres of the Social Security of Spain  X 

Map of municipal social services centres in Spain 

Map of health centres in Spain 

Maps of Day centres for the elderly in Spain 

Map of clinics in Spain 

Local Infrastructure and Equipment Survey 

Map of Residences for the elderly in Spain 

Spain Hospital Map 

Total themes: 34 /34 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Source: Own elaboration, based on information from INSPIRE Geoportal. 

A deep analysis of all the datasets listed in Table 65 and in Table 66 to assess to what extent they are relevant 
to support the regional energy strategy is out of scope. Nevertheless, some preliminary considerations can be 
made: 

—  Regarding the Energy Resources INSPIRE theme, no data is provided in the regional geoportal, and no 
relevant data at national level is available in the INSPIRE geoportal (only regional data sets for La Rioja 
and the  location  of  petrol  stations  and mining  facilities).  This lack  of  data  provided  under  the  Energy 
Resource theme  could represent a data gap  when trying  to improve the  development  of the Regional 
Energy Strategy for the next evaluation period. 

—  None of the two geoportals provide data containing the geographical distribution of energy production 
sites,  which  is  a  key  factor  in  developing  the  region's  baseline,  taking  into  account  the  potential  for 
renewable energy and the location of the population in the region. By understanding this factor, energy 
planners could understand how to use the potential avoiding problems and impacts to create a  more 
suitable strategy to achieve a reduction in the level of emissions to  meet the objectives proposed with 
the new strategy. 

—  Both  geoportals  provide  relevant  datasets  that  are  useful  for  determining  local  and  regional  energy 
consumption. These datasets are included in the INSPIRE themes "Buildings", "Transportation networks", 
"Land use", and "Land cover". The Spanish cadastre provides the first at the national level, which is useful 
for determining energy demand and the level of emissions at the local and regional levels. The transport 
network could be useful in understanding the role of the transport sector in GHG emissions. Finally, land 
use and land cover are relevant to assess the spatial distribution of different areas in the region having 
different energy uses. 

—  Combining  these  datasets  with  statistical  information  about  socio-economical  characteristics  of  the 
region using appropriate models could be useful to define the baseline emissions level of the region and 
assess how to reduce it. 

9.2  Applications in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy 

Based on the challenges identified in the analysis of the Castilla y León Region Energy Efficiency Strategy and 
the available data, this section presents two applications that can potentially support two key sectors of the 
strategy: the energy use in buildings (section 9.2.1) and the transport sector (section 9.2.2). As it has been 
observed,  these  two  sectors  are  key  within  regional  energy  strategies.  This  section  aims  to  explore  the  re-
usability of the applications in other EU regions, assuming the availability of INSPIRE data. 

131 

 
9.2.1  Energy use in buildings 

ENERGIS is an integrated sectoral modelling tool whose main objective is to estimate energy heating and cooling 
demand at the building level and aggregate this information at coarser scales (e.g. at district or city level) in 
the most energy-demanding areas. This will allow for planning and allocating the necessary resources to specific 
areas and to match the energy demand to the energy supply available in the area (both from renewable and 
non-renewable energy sources). 

In this line, the application proposed (ENERGIS tool [140]) only focuses on the first step: calculating the heating 
and cooling energy demand. To this end, it relies on publicly available data and validated calculation methods 
at the national level, as Energy Performance Certificate calculation tools. In particular, the CE3X tool [141] has 
been automated to calculate the energy demand at the building level.  

The ENERGIS tool, to achieve these objectives, deals with three main aspects: (1) information processing and 
treatment; (2) estimation of the energy demand and (3) the storage, mapping and visualisation of the data. The 
process can be seen below. 

Figure 47.  Scheme of the ENERGIS tool 

Source: Own elaboration, CARTIF 

There are three main types of data required by the platform and processed in step 1: climate zones, building 
thermal  properties  and  geometry  data  on  buildings.  The  two  first  types  of  data  National  Code  for  Building 
Construction [142] in Spain, were queried. 

For the geometry data on buildings, the key data source is the Spanish cadastre. The cadastre, for each building, 
provides geometrical information (in a GML file) and general semantic information that will be used to identify 
and characterize the building. More specifically, the information obtained from the cadastre to be used within 
the platform is the geographical information of the building (the footprint of the building,) and also important 
information as the number of the building floors above ground and below ground, the year of the construction, 
current use of the building and the address of the building. 

The  geometry  information  automatically  collected  from  the  cadastre  in  GML  files  is  processed  to  offer  the 
energy demand estimation engine the information as is required in step 2 for feeding the CE3X tool. The main 
processes are, on the one hand, the generation of the information for the different envelope elements of the 
building, with their dimensions and the orientation, and on the other hand, the production of shadows patterns 
with the information of the façades of neighbouring buildings and the implementation of calculation methods 
to obtain how these façades influence the direct incidence of the sun. 

Finally, in step 3, the results are stored and organized to be presented visually through an online web tool. 

The following sections will focus on how publicly available data has been deployed,  particularly that coming 
from  the  Spanish  cadastre  (section  9.2.1.1).  Then,  the  next  section  will  focus  on  the  processing  required  to 
achieve the abovementioned goals, in particular, by listing the necessary geometry calculations that need to be 
performed on cadastral data and how they need to be enriched (section  0). Finally, the results achieved are 

132 

 
 
presented (section 9.2.1.3) and some final considerations to facilitate the replicability of this approach (section 
9.2.1.4). 

9.2.1.1  Spanish cadastral data 

The role of the cadastre when dealing with buildings is highly important since it is the most stable source for 
this  type  of  information.  In  the  case  of  Spain,  it  is  one  of  the  most  advanced  countries  in  the  INSPIRE 
implementation  by  presenting  the  data  according  to  the  INSPIRE  Cadastral  Parcel,  Address  and  Building 
specifications  in  the  GML  format.  The  analysis  of  the  cadastral  data  is  crucial  towards  the  INSPIRE 
harmonisation of EPCs datasets since it can be used as a basis for this aim and even more so when evaluating 
the level of compliance of an advanced country in this sense as it is Spain. 

The Spanish Cadastre has dealt with the INSPIRE specifications on Cadastral Parcel, Address and Building, but 
for the information needed in the ENERGIS, only Building data is used. 

“Buildings”  is  one  of  the  most  relevant  to  support  energy  policies  [143].  The  INSPIRE  Data  Specification  on 
Buildings [144] offers six data models (application schemes) considering different semantics and geometrics 
points  of  view:  BuildingsBase,  Buildings2D,  Buildings3D,  BuildingsExtendedBase,  BuildingsExtended2D  and 
BuildingsExtended3D. The extended versions include more detailed information about buildings and building-
related objects, with data required, but choosing harmonisation at the European level is not easily achievable. 

The representation of buildings in the Spanish Cadastre is complex, and they are defined as a multi-surface 
that  represents  the  enclosed  areas of  all  constructions  with  volume  above  ground  in  each  cadastral  parcel, 
excluding  cantilevers,  terraces  or  balconies.  The  schema  deployed  to  represent  these  data  in  the  Spanish 
Cadastre corresponds to the INSPIRE 2D extended BU, which can be seen in Figure 48. 

Figure 48.  INSPIRE 2D extended BU application schema 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge Base 

133 

 
 
More specifically, three feature types (Building, BuildingPart and OtherConstruction) are provided separately in 
the Spanish Cadastre, whilst the BuildingUnit Feature type is not implemented. The information of the Spanish 
Cadastre contained in the Features Types Building and BuildingPart is used by the ENERGIS tool to provide the 
information  required  in  turn  by  the  CE3X  tool.  The  following  tables  describe  the  attributes  “Building”  and 
“BuildingPart”. Marked in grey are those attributes that exist in the INSPIRE definition but are not deployed in 
the Spanish Cadastre. 

Table 67.  Attributes and contents within Building in the Spanish Cadastre 

Building 

Attribute Name 

Description of contents in Spanish Cadastre 

gml:FeatureCollection 

Heading GML object where the extended 2D Building scheme is defined. It has 
the gml:id ES.SDGC.BU. 

gml:featureMember 

Structure containing every building object. 

bu-ext2d:Building 

gml:boundedBy 

Main structure with a gml:id composed of values defined in "inspireID" and it is 
a unique identifier for all the data group. 

Structure  that  defines  the  rectangle  covering  the  geometry  of  the  object 
defined  by  its  low-left  and  above-right  coordinates.  The  coordinates  will  be 
defined in the reference system indicated in "srsName". 

bu-
core2d:beginLifespanVersion 

Date when the data has been submitted to the cadastral data base. 

bu-
core2d:conditionofConstructio
n 

Values that expresses the condition of the construction. It can be: ruin, declined 
or  functional.  In  case  that  in  the  same  parcel  there  are  different  units,  this 
value will be the best among them. 

bu-core2d: 

dateOfConstruction 

bucore2d: 

endLifespanVersion 

bucore2d: 

externalReference 

Structure  that  defines  the  date  of  construction.  It  is  composed  by  two 
attributes:  bu-core2d:beginning  and  bucore2d:end.  If  there  is more  than  one 
building unit, in the "beginning" field the oldest date is adopted and in the "end" 
field the newest. They are always referenced to the 1st of January. 

Date when the data has been deprecated. This value is not defined since it does 
not provide historical information. 

Sede 

Structure where the URL to the direct  access to the cadastral information in 
the 
(field 
"building2d:informationSystem".  The  field  "bu-core2d:reference"  contains  the 
reference to the cadastral parcel. 

Electrónica 

Catastro 

added 

del 

is 

bu-core2d:inspireId 

Unique  identifier  for  all  the  groups  of  data  in  INSPIRE.  It  is  composed  by  a 
base:Identifier structure with the two following values. 

base:localId 

First 14 characters of the cadastral reference.  

base:namespace 

For  buildings  it  is  "ES.SDGC.BU",  which  corresponds  to  the  acronym  of  the 
country, producer entity and the group of data. 

bu-core2d:addresses 

Address  object,  through  a  "xlink:href"  the  WFS  service  of  the  address(es) 
associated to the building can be accessed. 

134 

 
bu-core2d:cadastralParcels 

Cadastral parcel object, through a "xlink:href" the WFS service of the cadastral 
parcel associated to the building can be accessed. 

bu-ext2d:geometry 

Geometry of the building in  GML. It is a gml:MultiSurface structure that can 
hold several gml:Surface. These objects have to have a unique gml:id composed 
by the gml:id of the cadastral zoning and a prefix and a suffix. The geometry 
is defined by exterior ring vertices and holes can exist which are defined in an 
interior ring structure. The coordinate list of the rings (gml:postList) duplicates 
the first and last vertex. The exterior one is defined clockwise and the interior 
one counter-clockwise. The reference system is the one defined in "srsName". 

It holds the other two attributes defined below. 

bu-core2d: 

Accuracy in meters, which adopts the value of 0.1. 

horizontalGeometryEstimated
Accuracy 

bu-
core2d:horizontalGeometryRe
ference 

bu-ext2d:currentUse 

Indicates  that  the  geometry  of  the  building  is  the  footprint  of  what  is  built 
above ground. It has the value: "footprint". 

Predominant use of the building. The value is obtained calculating the use that 
covers more surface in the cadastral parcel where the building is located. The 
following  values  are  admitted:  1_residential,  2_agriculture,  3_industrial, 
4_1_office, 4_2_retail, 4_3_publicServices. 

bu-
ext2d:numberOfBuildingUnits 

Number of properties of the cadastral parcel that are contained in the building. 

bu-ext2d:numberOfDwellings  Number of properties of the cadastral parcel that are contained in the building 

with a residential use. 

buext2d: 
numberOfFloorsAboveGround 

Number of floors of the building. This data cannot be provided at building level, 
since in the Spanish cadastral data model the volume cannot be delimited for 
the complete building, it is a value which is reflected in BuildingPart. 

bu-ext2d:document 

bu-ext2d:officialArea 

Source: Spanish Cadastre 

Structure where in the field "bu-ext2d: documentLink" an URL is provided with 
access to an image of the façade. It is possible that the query will not provide 
an image if this is not contained in the data base. The structure includes the 
field 
"bu-
ext2d:sourceStatus" with the value "NotOfficial". 

"bu-ext2d:  format"  with  the  value 

"jpeg"  and  the  field 

Structure that represents the surface of the building in square meters in the 
field "buext2d:value" and the type of Surface measured, which will always be 
grossFloorArea in the field "bu-ext2d:officialAreaReference". 

Table 68.  Attributes and contents within Building Part in the Spanish Cadastre 

BuildingPart 

Attribute Name 

Description of contents in Spanish Cadastre 

gml:FeatureCollection 

Heading GML object where the extended 2D Building scheme is defined. It has 
the gml:id ES.SDGC.BU. 

gml:featureMember 

Structure containing every building part. 

135 

 
Bu-ext2d:BuildingPart 

bucore2d: 
beginLifespanVersion 

bucore2d: 
conditionofConstruction 

bu-core2d:inspireId 

Structure  of  each  part  of  a  building  has  a  gml:id  composed  by  the  values 
defined in "inspireID" and it is a unique identifier for all the group of data. Its 
value is the identifier of the building with the suffix "partX", being X a sequential 
number. 

Date when the data has been submitted to the cadastral data base. 

It has no value for building parts. 

Unique  identifier  for  all  the  groups  of  data  in  INSPIRE.  It  is  composed  by  a 
base:Identifier structure with the two following values. 

base:localId 

First 14 characters of the cadastral reference and a sequential suffix "partX". 

base:namespace 

For  buildings  it  is  "ES.SDGC.BU",  which  corresponds  to  the  acronym  of  the 
country, producer entity and the group of data. 

bu-core2d:addresses 

Address  object,  through  a  "xlink:href"  the  WFS  service  of  the  address(es) 
associated to the building can be accessed. 

bu-core2d: cadastralParcels 

Cadastral parcel object, through a "xlink:href" the WFS service of the cadastral 
parcel associated to the building can be accessed. 

bu-ext2d:geometry 

Geometry of the building part in GML. It is a gml:MultiSurface structure that 
can  hold  several  gml:Surface.  These  objects  have  to  have  a  unique  gml:id 
composed by the gml:id of the cadastral zoning and a prefix and a suffix. The 
geometry  is  defined  by  exterior  ring  vertices  and  holes  can  exist  which  are 
defined  in  an  interior  ring  structure.  The  coordinate  list  of  the  rings 
(gml:postList) duplicates the first and last vertex. The exterior one is defined 
clockwise and the interior one counter-clockwise. The reference system is the 
one defined in "srsName". It holds the other two attributes defined below. 

bucore2d: 
horizontalGeometryEstimated
Accuracy 

Accuracy in meters, which adopts the value of 0.1. 

bucore2d: 
horizontalGeometryReference 

Indicates  that  the  geometry  of  the  building  is  the  footprint  of  what  is  built 
above ground. It has the value: "footprint". 

buext2d: 
numberOfFloorsAboveGround 

Number of floors above ground. 

buext2d: heightBelowGround 

Height  of  the  floors  below  ground  in  meters.  It  is  an  estimated  height  of 
3m/floor. 

buext2d: 
numberOfFloorsBelowGround 

Source: Spanish Cadastre 

Number of floors below ground. 

136 

 
 
 
9.2.1.2  Cadastral data processing and enrichment 

For the presented process to succeed and perform the energy calculations, it is necessary to extract specific 
information from each building. In particular, the information from each of the external walls, shared walls, 
window openings or thermal bridges. As this information is not present in the cadastre, specific hypotheses and 
geometry analysis are needed. In the end, the following values were extracted from this process: 

—  Generic information about the building (address, Municipality, Region, Postal Code...) 

—  Climate zone 

—  Conditioned Surface 

—  Number of floors above ground 

—  Number of floors below ground 

—  Floor height  

—  Percentage of glazed surface 

—  Ventilation rate 

—  Envelope data: Opaque surfaces (walls, roofs, floors) 

—  Envelope data: Openings and skylights 

—  Envelope data: Thermal bridges 

—  Thermal energy systems 

—  Use of the building 

Then, it is necessary to enrich this information with the thermal characteristics of the building elements. In this 
case, a buildings physics library has been generated for Spain, based on typical values derived from the Spanish 
Building Code. Thus, according to where the building is located (i.e. climate zone), and its year of construction, 
it is possible to assign typical parameters to insert as input values in the calculation method proposed. 

9.2.1.3  Results achieved 

As  a  result  of  this  process,  energy  calculations  (heating  and  cooling  demand)  are  obtained,  but  with  the 
particularity that they are geolocated. The output information of the ENERGIS tool is stored in a geodatabase, 
which is structured in three tables: one table  for  buildings, one for blocks (groups of  buildings) and one for 
cadastral  zones  (neighbourhood).  These  three  scales  come  inherent  in  the  project  since  they  are  the  ones 
provided by the Spanish Cadastre’s online services. 

Thus,  the  ENERGIS  results  are  provided  at  these  three  different  scales:  the  building  demand  information  is 
directly  calculated  with  the  estimation  engine, while  for  the  demand  in  the  blocks and  the  cadastral  zones, 
aggregation operations have been carried out to calculate the demand values. To geo-reference and be able to 
map this information, the geographical information retrieved in step 1 is also used. 

These stored data are shown to the public through the ENERGIS online visualisation tool. The data are presented 
as reflected in the Figure 49, with the geo-referenced values and a recognisable colour code that corresponds 
to the Energy Label scale used in Energy Performance Certificates. 

137 

 
 
 
Figure 49.  ENERGIS web visualisation tool 

Source: ENERGIS web portal 

Moreover, some widgets providing more information on all the data displayed in the screen are shown in the 
figure  in  the  column  on  the  right. Using  these  widgets, the  user  can  filter the  information  displayed  on  the 
screen by building type, demand label and year of construction, among others. In addition, the user can move 
among the different scales by scrolling in the map or using the shortcuts displayed on the top left corner of the 
screen. Also, three different base maps are available for the user: openstreetmap, aerial view (ortophotography), 
and stamen dark (simplified black and white map, as shown in the figure). 

In  addition,  an  online  web  portal  with  further  information  on  the  platform  (information  about  EPCs  in  the 
ENERGIS  platform,  instructions  on  how  to  use  the  tool,  etc.)  has  been  implemented  in  the  following  link: 
http://api.voxel3d.es/examples/ENERGIS/portal/. 

With  this  tool,  the  user  can  visualise  the  estimated  label  of  one  specific  location  (district,  city  or  region, 
depending  on  the  scale  at  which  the  tool  was  previously  run)  to  identify  areas  with  greater  capacity  for 
improvement in energy efficiency. 

9.2.1.4  Considerations for its replicability 

Given  the  needs  and  challenges  of  the  energy  planning  sector,  tools  like  ENERGIS  represent  an  important 
progress due to their capacity to exploit publicly available data to support multi-scale decision-making. This 
way,  different  stakeholders  can  be  addressed,  who  share  the  same  knowledge  by  analysing  clear  and 
understandable results presented through the deployment of GIS and maps, inherent to any planning related to 
urban areas. However, several aspects need to be considered towards the replication of this methodology: firstly, 
related to the availability and processing of data, and secondly, to the interpretation of results. 

One of the first problems faced was the absence or inaccuracies of input data. The data provided at the 
building  level  by  the  cadastre  are  not  enough  in  order  to  implement  this  methodology.  This  is  why  some 
hypothesis based on the processing of data had to be set, for example, dimensions of openings and lengths of 
thermal bridges, which could vary for different locations and/or climate zones. In addition to applying these 
hypotheses, the extraction and identification of individual building elements was necessary, but this could be 
performed through geometrical processing. Among these analyses, the detection of shared walls by identifying 
neighbouring  buildings  is  crucial,  since  grouped  buildings  help  reduce  the  energy  demand  by  substantially 
reducing  heat  losses  from  neighbouring  walls  compared  to  external  ones.  It  is  worth  noting  that  only  after 
having identified the elements that compose a building, it is possible to assign thermal building characteristics, 
which are based on typical values in a catalogue and vary according to the building age climate zone. There is 
an estimation in this approach that should also be considered when analysing the results of this approach. 

Furthermore,  and  even  when  not  related  to  the  actual  implementation  of  the  calculations  proposed,  two 
additional aspects should be considered towards the adequate interpretation of the results derived with 
this methodology. Firstly, as mentioned before, it should be noted that this methodology provides estimations 

138 

 
 
of energy demand based on publicly available data; thus, its accuracy relies highly on these data (as well as on 
the hypothesis performed). In this line, how these data capture the real status of the buildings is crucial. For 
instance, it is crucial to know whether a building has been refurbished or not, and the type of retrofitting that 
has been performed since this would highly influence the energy demand of the building. Unfortunately, this 
type of information is not updated regularly, but it would highly benefit this type of approaches. 

Secondly, and trying to bring the approach closer to reality, dealing with the real occupation of the buildings is 
fundamental. The approach proposed calculates the energy demand assuming that all buildings are occupied. 
However, if we go one step further to energy demand and think about real energy consumption, this value would 
highly vary since not all buildings are occupied. In this same line of thought, the user of these buildings should 
be considered since it can impact the energy consumption of a building. Indeed, the energy patterns expressed 
by users cover the whole spectrum: users can exist that consume energy above the usual limits that would 
enable comfort to be achieved in dwellings, whereas others can show restraint in their consumption which can 
arise from energy poverty situations. 

The key challenges remaining are mostly related to increasing the accuracy of data: better characterising the 
building stock, having a more realistic approach towards  energy consumption by including real consumption 
patterns that consider the occupation and the behaviour of users etc. It is clear that the current advances in 
technologies (smart sensors, IoT devices, etc.) and the application of big data analytics or artificial intelligence 
will pave the way for more robust decision-making and the application of location intelligence. In this line, the 
role of INSPIRE and the amount of data that it should hold remains an open question, which maybe should be 
answered through the careful analysis of the different applications of data models that users have performed 
during the years. Since, in the context of data, knowing the answer to the question “what do we need these data 
for?”  remains  at  the  core,  which  can  only  be  answered  through  the  analysis  of  the  needs  of  the  main 
beneficiaries (citizens), and actors (stakeholders in the energy value chain) involved. 

9.2.2  Transport 

The main objective of this application is to map the estimated CO2 emissions caused by transport networks in 
the Castilla y León region, which depend on the different transport network levels (e.g. highways, motorways, 
urban roads) and their traffic intensity. These calculations are included within a methodology named Planning 
CO2 whose broader objective is to map the estimated CO2 emissions from vehicles and land uses, buildings, etc., 
with  the  final  objective  of  supporting  local  energy  planning.  However,  in  this  application,  only  the  transport 
calculations  have  been  included  since  transport  is  one  of  the  key  sectors  contained  in  the  regional  energy 
strategy definition. 

The following sections will focus on reference INSPIRE data, in this case,  related to the Transport  Networks 
theme (section 9.2.2.3). Then the data used for this application will be explained and how it has been enriched. 
These data do not originate from INSPIRE data but share many of its characteristics (section 9.2.2.1). Finally, 
the results achieved are presented (section 9.2.2.2). 

9.2.2.1  Location data used and enrichment 

To implement the Planning CO2 methodology to determine the level of emissions generated by land transport, 
it is necessary to extract specific information from each road or “road section”. Some of the needed information 
is included in the dataset's attributes provided under the INSPIRE harmonization scheme but does not have a 
direct  link  to  the  statistical  traffic  data,  as  more  information  is  necessary  for  developing  the  emissions 
methodology calculation. For this reason, it is necessary to use other datasets and develop some processing 
algorithms to convert the data to be suitable for the estimation of CO2 emissions. 

The first step in calculating  CO2 emissions at the regional and local level is to understand and organise the 
information provided by each data set and how we might link this information with statistical information. To 
do so, the data sets provided by the Regional geoportal and the INSPIRE geoportal were analysed. Table 69 
includes the most relevant geographical datasets which can be used for the analysis and for the estimation 
methodology considering the Spanish and “Castilla y León” case study. After reviewing each dataset, we found 
that the most suitable data sets to develop the analysis and methodology considering their spatial resolution, 
accuracy in relation to real location, coverage scale and attributes provided are: Transport network (INSPIRE) 
for railways and streets, and the Topographic Map Series from Spain: 1: 25,000 (IDEE Geoportal) for roads. The 
last one was selected due to its accuracy, but it could be changed by the INSPIRE Transport network. 

139 

 
Table 69.  Transport datasets available for Spain considering different geoportals. 

Transport networks (Geoportal of Castilla y León) 

Dataset description 

Railway of Castilla y León: Train stations 

Roads of Castilla y León: mountain passes 

Airstrips of Castilla y León: Delimitation 

Railway in Castilla y León: train tracks 

Map  of  train  stations  of  the  railway  network  of 
Castilla y León 1: 25,000 

Location of mountain passes of the road network of 
Castilla y León 1: 25,000 

Map delimiting the landing strips of Castilla y León 1: 
25,000 

Railway in the Autonomous Community of Castilla y 
León. 

Roads of Castilla y León: road network links 

Map of links of the road network of Castilla y León 1: 
25,000 

Roads of Castilla y León: road network 

Roads of Castilla y León: kilometer points 

Airstrips of Castilla y León: Location 

Map of the road network (lines) in Castilla y León 1: 
25,000 

Location of kilometer points from roads in Castilla y 
león 

Landing  strips  location  map  of  Castilla  y  León  1: 
25,000. 

Transport networks (INSPIRE Geoportal) 

Dataset description 

Transport networks 

Roads clasification including streets 

Adif Rail Transport Network 

National railway lines manage by Adif 

Land cover (IDEE Geoportal of Spain) 

Dataset description 

Topographic Map Series of Spain: 1: 25,000 

Main  topographic  map  of  Spain  including  building, 
roads, water and other land cover categories 

Source: Own elaboration, based on information from INSPIRE, Regional and IDEE Geoportal. 

Figure 50.  Steps of the Planning CO2 methodology. 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

140 

 
 
In particular, the data taken from these sources for the road network are the following:  

—  Geometry  

—  Name of the road,  

—  Type of the road (conventional, highway, etc.) and   

—  Classification: "dual carriageway" or not.  

—  In use or abandoned. 

In the case of railways, the information used is: 

—  The length,  

—  Type of railway (electrified or not). 

—  In use or abandoned. 

Once the geographical reference of the roads is established thanks to the combination of the roads’ location 
sources named in the  previous paragraph, it is necessary to enrich all this information with other additional 
data  sources  (Figure  50).  In  particular,  the  indicator that  is assigned  to  the  road  locations  processed  is  the 
“tCO2/km”.  This  indicator  is  calculated  using  different  statistical  data  and  even  georeferenced  information 
consistent with the roads network. These traffic data come from measurement stations which are located in 
specifics  kilometre  points  and  cover  road  sections.  This  information  comes  from  two  different  sources 
(depending on the road property: national or regional): 

—  Traffic data provided by DGT (General Directorate of Roads)22 [134]. The information included are:  

o  Province 

o  Traffic intensity in vehicles/day. IMD (Average Daily Intensity) for both light and heavy vehicles by 

road 

o  Length of road (in km)  

—  Traffic data provided by “Junta de Castilla y León”23, including other roads apart from national [135]. It 

includes the following data for each road section: 

o  Province 

o  Traffic intensity in vehicles/day. IMD (Average Daily Intensity) for both light and heavy vehicles by 

road. 

o  Length of road (in km)  

o  Average speeds (km/h) 

—  Statistical information (not geolocated):  

o 

In the case of traffic data in the national data source, the average speed was not provided. For 
this reason, the information was enriched by applying national traffic statistics.  

o  Other information not provided is the mobility distribution according to the type of vehicle. This 
information was found in national sources, but it was disaggregated at the regional and province 
level, which facilitated the assignment to the roads. 

Finally, the information used to assign the emission factor was the following, considering the name of the road, 
being this one attribute of the road networks generated in the first step: 

—  Measurement stations positions (kilometre points and name of the road). 

—  Type of road: based on a previous study developed with the available data. This was necessary due to 
the high percentage of roads without information in each section (measurement station). In particular, 
the general classification of roads for the assignment of the indicators are: highways, dual carriageway, 
and conventional roads. 

22   Web access: http://mapas.fomento.gob.es/mapatrafico/2016/ 
23   Web  access.  https://datosabiertos.jcyl.es/web/jcyl/set/es/transporte/intensidad_circulacion/1284733182199  Updated  data  directly 

received by the Junta de Castilla y León. 

141 

 
 
On the other hand, in the case of rail transport, the indicators calculated previously have the same units as in 
the road transport: “tCO2/km”. In this case, the main attribute included in the rail network to be considered is 
the difference between electrified and non-electrified railways (diesel). In addition, national statistics, including 
energy  consumption  (electricity  and  fuel)  by  type  of  railway  and  railways  total  length,  were  necessary  to 
calculate the emission factor/indicator. 

9.2.2.2  Results achieved 

Considering all the information provided and mixed in the previous section, the final results were achieved by 
assigning the factor emissions indicator calculated: tCO2/km for each road and type of railway. This information 
was multiplied by the length of the road, road section, or railway section, being this an attribute of the network´s 
polygons. The final results (attribute assigned to each polygon) is the CO2 emissions in tCO2 (units): 

In Figure 51, it is possible to see a graphical example of the results obtained by the Planning CO2 methodology. 
The  total  amount  of  emissions  calculated  by  our  methodology  considering  road  transport  and  emissions 
assigned to railway network for a case study is provided in Table 70. 

Figure 51.  Results of the Planning CO2 methodology at local scale. 

Source: Own elaboration, based on the results of Planning CO2 methodology. 

Table 70.  Results obtained applying Planning CO2 methodology in different transport lines. 

AREA 

Stock 

Stock_Ha 

0.84 

2.94 

0.78 

7.52 

0.76 

1.50 

2.56 

0.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Tasa 

50.58 

170.27 

46.91 

984.23 

57.51 

89.86 

153.54 

39.15 

142 

Tasa_Ha 

DESCRIP 

59.93 

57.74 

60.07 

VP-1104 

VA-405 

VP-9904 

130.89 

VA-410 

75.47 

59.86 

59.95 

60.13 

Road links 

VP-9107 

VP-9010 

VP-1105 

 
 
2.82 

2.52 

8.40 

9.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

169.34 

151.82 

59.99 

60.29 

1742.81 

207.43 

VP-9105 

Not  catalogued 
road 
CL-602 

463.21 

78.80 

FCC 

Source: Own elaboration, based on the results of Planning CO2 methodology. 

The main final results that can be seen in Table 70 are the following: 

—  Area: area occupied by the polygon of the transport line. It will be used to calculate "emissions densities" 

for comparison porpuses 

—  Stock: carbon stock (attribute interesting for other types of land) 

—  Stock_ha: carbon stock density 

—  “Tasa”: emissions. Units: tCO2/año 

—  “Tasa_Ha”: emissions density. Units: tCO2/año 

—  DESCRIP: name of the transport line 

9.2.2.3 

INSPIRE Transport Network possible contribution 

Transport Network (TN) is one of 34 INSPIRE themes. Its definition and description are available in the INSPIRE 
theme  register24  .  The  related  data  specification  is  available  in  the  INSPIRE  Document  library25.  The  main 
characteristics  of  the  data  model  in  the  context  of  the  application  presented  in  the  previous  sections  are 
provided in the following. 

TN data theme consists of the following data models, shown in Figure 52: 

—  Generic Network Model (GNM) 

—  Common Transport Elements (containing elements common to all transport modes) 

—  Five mode-specific Transport Network (road, railway, air, water, cable) 

24 https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/tn 
25 https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/tn 

143 

 
 
 
 
Figure 52.  TN overview 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

The elements in the network are handled as nodes, links, aggregated links, areas and points. Moreover, the 
individual transport links can be combined to form transport link sequences or, further, the combination of both 
can be used to form the transport link sets, as shown in Figure 53. 

Figures  53, 54  and  55  also  distinguish  between  feature  types providing  geometric  information  and  feature 
types (without geometries) providing semantic information as “properties” associated with the geometries. 

In particular, the Figure 54 shows the Road Network feature types with geometries. 

As an example, the RoadLink feature type (containing the geometry) is a subtype of the TransportLink feature 
type (highlighted in yellow in Figure 53 and Figure 54), which in turn is a subtype of the Link feature type, which 
in turn is a subtype of the GeneralisedLink feature type, which is, in turn, a subtype of the NetworkElement 
feature type (highlighted in pink in Figure 53). 

Conversely,  feature  types  as  RoadName,  NumberOfLanes,  FunctionalClassRoad,  FormOfWay  (containing  the 
semantic information) shown in Figure 55 are subtypes of the TransportProperty feature type (highlighted in 
red in Figure 53 and in Figure 55), which in turn is a subtype of the NetworkProperty feature type, which has 
the  networkRef  attribute,  whose  data  type  is  NetworkReference,  having  finally  an  association  to  the 
NetworkElement  feature  type  and  therefore  allowing  the  link  between  the  geometric  information  of  the 
RoadLink feature type with the semantic information of the RoadName, NumberOfLanes, FunctionalClassRoad 
feature types. 

144 

 
 
 
 
Figure 53.  Common Transport Elements overview 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

Figure 54.  Road Network feature types with geometries 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 55.  Road Transport Networks Spatial Object Types: Transport Properties 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

Regarding the values of the attributes of the feature types containing the semantic information: 

—  the values allowed for the attributes of the feature types FunctionalRoadClass and FormOfWay are those 
of the FunctionalRoadClassValue enumeration and the FormOfWayValue code list, respectively, shown in 
Figure 56; 

—  the value type of the attribute numberOfLanes of the NumberOfLanes feature type is an integer; 

—  the value type of the attribute name of the RoadName feature type is the GeographicalName complex 

data type. 

Regarding the Railway Transport Network data model, it is worth to mention the Transport Property represented 
by the RailwayElectrification feature type, with its unique boolean attribute electrified. 

This section shows that the INSPIRE Transport Network data model contains several elements matching the 
data requirements of the Planning CO2 methodology. 

Therefore, it is expected that data providers in Europe should make accessible national/regional TN datasets 
providing the content needed to re-use the methodology in other geographical areas. 

However,  the  potential  complexity  of  some  of  its  aspects,  primarily  the  mechanism  to  link  the  semantic 
information  of  the  transport  properties  to  the  geometric  information  of  the  spatial  objects  of  a  transport 
network, could represent a potential obstacle to the datasets provision. 

An analysis of the national/regional TN datasets discoverable in the INSPIRE Geoportal aiming to assess their 
usability in the context of the Planning CO2 methodology is out of the scope of the present study and should 
represent one of its next steps. 

146 

 
 
 
 
Figure 56.  Road Transport Networks: Enumerations and Code List Class diagram 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

9.3  Additional examples 

The analysis of existing regional geospatial data (in Europe and Castilla y León) with some relevance to energy 
in regions has led to some clear conclusions. First, a broad set of open data is available with a huge potential 
waiting to be exploited, especially statistical data. However, this potential can only be unlocked if proper data 
interoperability mechanisms are implemented, e.g.  harmonising and making them available according to the 
INSPIRE requirements and principles. The two examples presented in this section are related to two types of 
data that are not yet available in the two geoportals. 

9.3.1  ENERGY GENERATION SITES 

To contribute to the availability of more harmonised data, the objective of this example is to check whether the 
harmonisation of existing data on energy generation sites in the Castilla y León region (available in Excel format) 
is possible. This will be performed by exploring the possibility to link these data to the best candidate INSPIRE 
data theme (in this case, Production Facilities). 

To  this  end,  the  available  energy  generation  sites  datasets  (section  9.3.1.1)  and  the  candidate  data  model 
(section 9.3.1.2) are presented.  

9.3.1.1  Available energy generation sites datasets 

The National Spanish Administration (Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge) has a public 
electronic register where all types of generation facilities are collected. The register is accessible, and data can 
be downloaded at [132]. More than 1200 facilities are included in this register in November 2020 (Figure 57). 

147 

 
 
 
Figure 57.  Homepage of the REPROv2 register of the Spanish Administration. 

Source: Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge [132] 

At this date (Nov.2020), this register includes the main energy production sites in Spain. They are classified 
according to the energy type, but no geographical location of each facility is provided. They only include the 
name of the municipality in which it is located. The main attributes provided by REPROv2 data are included in 
Table 71. 

Table 71.  Main attributes of REPROv2 data provided by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge 

s
e
t
u
b
i
r
t
t
A

Register key 

Name of the production unit 

Status 

Address of the production unit 

Municipality of the production unit 

Province of the production unit 

Name of the owner of the production unit 

Owner's Address 

Owner's municipality 

Owner's postal code 

Owner's province 

Participation, in %, of the Owner in the Production Unit 

148 

 
 
 
Name of the 2nd Owner of the Production Unit 

Participation, in %, of the 2nd Owner of the Production Unit 

Name of the 3rd Owner of the Production Unit 

Participation, in %, of the 3rd Owner of the Production Unit 

Name of the 4rd Owner of the Production Unit 

Participation, in %, of the 4rd Owner of the Production Unit 

Date of commissioning of the Production Unit 

Production Unit Type 

Production Unit Technology 

Installed Power in MW 

Total Gross Power in MW 

Total Net Power in MW 

Connection Voltage of the Production Unit at the Connection Point 

Name of the Company that owns the network where the Production Unit has a connection point 

Node of the connection point of the Production Unit 

Name of the Hydraulic Management Unit (if it is Hydraulic type) 

River Name (if it is Hydraulic type) 

Name of the most used Fuel (if the Unit is of the Classic Thermal type) 

Name of the 2nd most used Fuel (if the Unit is of the Classic Thermal type) 

Name of the 3rd most used Fuel (if the Unit is of the Classic Thermal type) 

Subsection 

Combined Cycle Designation 

Declared Technical Minimum 

Net Power Combined Cycle 

Technical Minimum Declared Combined Cycle 

Operating mode 

 A (th/h)  

 B (th/h.MW)  

 C (th/h.MW2)  

 A' (th)  

 B' (hours)  

 D (€/arranque)  

 O&MVDi (€/MWh)  

Using a map downloaded from the National Geographic Institute of Spain that contains the boundaries of each 
municipality, a power generation map for each municipality has been produced (Figure 58). This map includes 
the data provided by REPROv2 after processing to obtain the total energy production for each municipality. 

149 

 
Figure 58.  Map of energy production developed for Spain. 

Source: Own elaboration. 

Another additional dataset provided by the National Spanish Administration (Ministry for Ecological Transition 
and  Demographic  Challenge)  is  the  public  register named  PRETOR  that  includes  energy  production  facilities 
under  different  regulations  developed  by  the  Spanish  law.  The  register  is  accessible,  and  data  can  be 
downloaded by province (Figure 59) [133]. 

Figure 59.  Homepage of the PRETOR register of the Spanish Administration. 

Source: Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge [133].  

150 

 
 
 
At this date (Nov.2020), this register includes the main energy production sites by province, including renewable 
energy facilities. Facilities are classified according to their regulatory group that is closely related to the energy 
type, but no geographical location of each facility is provided. They only include the name of the municipality in 
which it is located. The main attributes provided by PRETOR data are included in Table 72. 

Table 72.  Main attributes of PRETOR data provided by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge. 

Register key 

Facility name 

Municipality of the facility 

Province of the facility 

Phase number 

s
e
t
u
b
i
r
t
t
A

Definitive Autonomous registry number 

Installed power (KW) 

Regulatory group 

Registration Type 

Provisional Autonomous registry date 

Definitive Regional registration date 

Date commissioning tests 

Final commissioning date 

These two statistical datasets provided by the Ministry of Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge are 
important to define the location of each production site and to understand its link with the statistical data of 
energy  production  (0).  These  statistical  data  are  collected  yearly  by  the  Regional  Administration  and  are 
available in [136]. Chapter eight of the Statistical Bulletin is related to Energy covering energy production and 
the main energy sources at  the regional level. This data  were used by the Regional Energy Authority in the 
development of the Regional Energy Strategy that was analysed in Deliverable 4.2. 

Regarding the datasets previously described, it can be observed that the spatial distribution of energy production 
is a key factor in defining the baseline of the Regional Energy Strategy, but not all the facilities are taken into 
account  to  determine  the  capacity  of  energy  production  at  the  regional  level.  For  example,  in  the  case  of 
hydroelectric  power,  there  are  more  registered  facilities  in  the  region  than  those  included  in  the  statistical 
production data, which only take into account those with installed power greater than 10MW. 

151 

 
 
 
 
Figure 60.  Homepage of the Statistical Bulletin of the Administration of Castilla y León. 

Source: Regional Administration of Castilla y León [136].  

9.3.1.2 

INSPIRE Production Facilities data model 

Production and Industrial Facilities (PF) is one of 34 INSPIRE themes. Its definition and description are available 
in  the  INSPIRE  theme  register26  ,  and  the  related  data  specification  are  available  in  the  INSPIRE  Document 
library27. 

The  PF  theme  seems  fitting  for  purpose  (regarding  the  energy  generation  sites)  because,  as  stated  in  the 
Informal description of the data specification, “The overall set of activities considered within the Production and 
Industrial  Facilities  theme  spans  from  extraction  of  resources,  to  their  transformation  in  products  or  by-
products, and their storage” and “Transformation of resources should be seen both as transformation of one 
resource or product into another, or as transformation into energy, thus including power generation plants 
within the scope of this theme”. 

Regarding the “within the scope of this theme” clause, it is important to highlight that “the theme Production 
and Industrial Facilities comprises information about industrial facilities and activities of production (focusing 
on  extraction,  transformation  or  storage  of  resources,  including  energy  production)  and  the  main  related 
environmental issues”. 

Moreover, “The definition of the types of industrial activities to be considered can be related primarily to Annex 
I of the IPPC Directive [Directive 2008/1/EC] and the E-PRTR Regulation [Regulation 166/2006/EC].” and “Another 
more recent directive which allows describing in a comprehensive way Production and Industrial Facilities is the 
Directive on Industrial Emissions [Directive 2010/75/EU]. Annex I of this Directive lists the types of production 
considered in its scope and may be used as a reference to identify industrial activities.”. 

Another relevant excerpt of the PF data specification is the following: 

“The  Production  and  Industrial  Facilities  theme  is  not  concerned  with  the  description  of  the  actual  flow  of 
materials occurring from one facility to another, or to distribution of a final product to the market. 

A production and industrial facility is typically composed by an extremely variable layout of buildings, plots and 
other technical units, represented by machinery, piping, private railway sidings, docks, unloading quays, jetties, 
etc. Such units are grouped in installations, related to the execution of a specific production process. 

Key  feature  types  with  spatial  properties  considered  within  the  Production  and  Industrial  Facilities  theme 
include: Site, Facility, Installation and Installation Part. These allow a breakdown of the elements composing a 

26   https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/pf 
27   https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/pf 

152 

 
 
 
production and industrial facility, with a focus on processes related to activities taking place within the facility 
itself.” 

The main characteristics of the data model in the context of the application presented in the previous section 
are provided in the following. 

An overview of the Production and Industrial Facilities application schema is shown in Figure 61 and on overview 
of the Cross-Theme Relationships in Figure 62. 

With reference to Figure 61, it can be noted that: 

—  A  ProductionFacility  may  be  located  on  one  ProductionSite.  A  ProductionSite  hosts  one  or  more 

ProductionFacilities. 

—  A ProductionInstallation is grouped by one ProductionFacility. A ProductionFacility may group one or more 

ProductionInstallations. 

—  A ProductionInstallationPart is grouped by one ProductionInstallation. A ProductionInstallation may group 

one or more ProductionInstallationParts. 

—  A ProductionPlot is  grouped  by one or more ProductionFacilities, this means a Plot may be shared by 

different ProductionFacilities. A ProductionFacility may group one or more Plots. 

—  A  ProductionBuilding  may  be  grouped  by  one  or  more  ProductionFacilities,  this  means  an 
ProductionBuilding may be shared by different ProductionFacilities. A ProductionFacility may group one 
or more ProductionBuilding. A ProductionBuilding can be related to an AbstractBuilding (BU). 

With reference to Figure 62, it can be noted that a ProductionFacility is a special kind of ActivityComplex, which 
is the feature type of the Activity Complex schema, which in turn is one of the INSPIRE Base Models re-used by 
the application schemas of some of the 34 INSPIRE themes. 

Figure 63 shows the Data Types of the ActivityComplex feature type. 

It is to be highlighted that one of the ActivityComplex feature type attributes is ‘function’, whose value type is 
the complex data type Function, whose attributes (activity, input, output and description) can be used to provide 
the semantic information related to the energy production sites. 

The information related to the geometry and location of the energy production sites can be instead provided 
using  one  of  the  feature  types  shown  in  Figure  61,  selecting  the  more  appropriate  one(s)  based  on  the 
information provided in the source datasets. 

153 

 
 
 
Figure 61.  Overview of the Production and Industrial Facilities application schema 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

154 

 
 
 
 
Figure 62.  Overview of the Production and Industrial Facilities application schema – Cross Theme Relationships 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

155 

 
 
 
 
 
Figure 63.  Data Types of the ActivityComplex feature type 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

A possible INSPIRE harmonisation of the energy production datasets described in section  9.3.1.1 using PF as 
the target data model would require a deeper investigation, which is out of the scope of the present study. 

As a final remark on possible data related to energy production sites already harmonised, it could be worth 
checking the data delivered at the country level according to the EU-Registry reporting obligations28. 

9.3.2  Statiscial data 

This section aims to explore the potential link between statistical data available in a region and location data. 
To this end, in section 9.3.2.1, examples of statistical data available used in the regional energy strategy in 
Castilla y León are provided, and then the possibilities to integrate these data within INSPIRE are explored in 
section 9.3.2.1. 

9.3.2.1  Examples of statistical data available in the Castilla y León region 

As it has been observed in section 5 of this report, the amount and variety of data used in the design of the 
regional energy strategy are very vast. This implies having to deal with different data sources, levels of detail 
and granularity. However, a selection of datasets used in the regional energy strategy is presented in the table 
below to explore its potential integration within INSPIRE. 

28   http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/help/euregistry 

156 

 
 
 
Table 73.  Examples of statistical data used in the Castilla y León Energy Efficiency strategy 

Topic 

Source 

Description 

Scope / scale 

Data format 

Annual 
statistics  in 
Castilla 
y 
León 

Junta de Castilla y 
León, Estadística 
de Castilla y León, 
Yearly statistics 
[136] 

Scope: Castilla y 
León 

Scale: Castilla y 
León region as a 
whole or 
provinces. level 

In 21 chapters, indicators on 
territory, population, labour 
market, energy, commercial 
activity, tourism, public 
sector, etc., are provided. 
Many of these chapters help 
contextualise the region, 
whereas others are directly 
used in the strategy (e.g. 
chapter 8 on energy, chapter 
14 on buildings and 
dwellings) 

Economic 
indicators in 
Castilla 
y 
León 

Junta de Castilla y 
León, Estadística 
de Castilla y León, 
Economic 
indicators [137] 

The economic indicators 
provide valuable information 
on regional quarterly 
accountancy, consumer price 
index, commercial societies, 
demand and offer indicators, 
etc. 

Scope: Castilla y 
León 

Scale: Castilla y 
León region as a 
whole or 
provinces. level 

Primary and 
final  energy 
(Spain) 

IDAE (Studies and 
reports on energy 
balances) [107] 

Scope: Spain 

Scale: National 
level  

The IDAE provides energy 
balances of final energy 
from 1990-2018, detailed 
consumption of the service 
sector in 2018, and energy 
consumption in the 
residential sector (2010-
2018). Particularly 
interesting is the first, where 
energy balances per year, 
activity sector and energy 
source are available. 

The data is 
presented in a 
catalogue, and a 
zip file can be 
downloaded per 
chapter and year. 
Within it, one or 
more excel files 
are contained, with 
different sheets. 

The data is 
presented in a 
catalogue, and 
individual Excel 
filesper year can 
be downloaded, 
containing 
different sheets. 

The data can be 
accessed via web, 
as well as 
downloaded in 
excel format (.xls), 
CSV or HTML. 

World 
energy 
situation 

BP Statistical 
Review of World 
Energy 2017 
[103] 

The data is 
provided in excel 
format or PDF 
format. 

This statistical review 
provides world information 
on energy, such as primary 
energy consumption (in total, 
by fuel type or per capita), 
oil data, gas, coal, nuclear 
energy, hydroelectricity, 
renewables, electricity, and 
other key materials (such as 
cobalt, lithium, graphite, rare 
earth, etc.). 

Scope: global 

Scale: The data is 
provided at the 
country or 
regional level 
(understanding 
regions in this 
case as groups of 
countries/parts of 
continents). 

Source: own elaboration 

9.3.2.1  Harmonisation and interoperability of statistical data 

According to the current version of the INSPIRE Implementing Rules and Technical, statistical data should be 
harmonised  with  the  combined  use  of  the  two  themes  Statistical  Units  (providing  the  geometries)  and 
Population Distribution (providing the statistical data associated with the geometries). 

157 

 
Because data so harmonised exhibit some issue in terms of usability and exploitation and because statistical 
data are already globally harmonised according to SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange) standard 29, 
within  the  INSPIRE  Community,  there  is  a  proposal  for  the  adoption  of  SDMX  encoding  for  statistical  data, 
waiting  to  be  endorsed.  Further  details  on  the  related  best  practice  can  be  found  in  a  dedicated  INSPIRE 
Community Forum discussion30. 

9.4  Energy Resources INSPIRE theme 

Energy Resources (ER) is one of 34 INSPIRE themes. Its definition and description are available in the INSPIRE 
theme register31 . The related data specification is available in the INSPIRE Document library32. 

According to the description provided in the INSPIRE theme register: 

“Energy  Resources  in  INSPIRE  covers  historic,  current  and  future  energy  resources  and  the  entire  lifecycle  of  energy 
resources, irrespective of its viability in terms of economic, social and technological aspects. It considers resources that are 
depleted due to exploitation in the past and resources currently not viable but may become so in the future. Information 
about location and the potential of energy resources have a significant impact on the environment. This impact can have 
both positive and negative implications, therefore appropriate knowledge about the extent, distribution and volumes of the 
resources is of great value. 

There is a main distinction between fossil fuels and renewable energy resources. The concept of energy resources provides 
focus to the resource aspect and the extent/distribution of the resources. Energy use, e.g. petrol consumption, is not covered 
by this theme. Fossil fuel resources include oil accumulation, natural gas accumulations, coal, lignite or peat deposits and 
Uranium ore deposits. 

Renewable energy resources include Hydropower in which water resources mapped according to energy potential. 

Bio-energy resources contains forest resources, cereals or agricultural residues which can be used for energy purposes, 
Wind energy - estimated by wind measurement together with topographical information. Geothermal energy the natural 
heat flow is of high interest as a renewable and clean energy source.“ 

Moreover, as stated in the ER data specification: 

“The main purpose therefore of this specification is to allow identification of geographical locations of each 
type of Energy Resource, providing information about their extent, distribution and volume (where possible and 
relevant) of the resource”. 

“Energy resources are commonly divided into two main types: Primary and Secondary Energy. Primary energy 
is either extracted or captured directly from natural resources (such as coal, crude oil, wind or solar radiation) 
whereas Secondary energy (Energy Carriers) is the result of a conversion of primary or secondary energy types 
(see Figure 64). Electricity is one of the most common secondary energy types, being transformed from various 
primary energy sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, and wind. Although within the INSPIRE context only Primary 
Energy Resources are considered, links to the secondary energy form are allowed for through the connection 
via statistics.” 

“Considering the INSPIRE definition as well as the scope of the remaining INSPIRE themes, this theme addresses 
each  of  the  subcategories of  primary  energy  resources:  non-renewable  resources,  renewable  resources  and 
waste.” 

—  “Non-renewables:  Natural  resources  which,  due  to  long-term  formation,  cannot  be  produced,  grown, 
generated, or used on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources, also known as 
fossil fuels (crude oil, coal, natural gas) and nuclear fuels, exist in a fixed amount, or are consumed much 
faster than nature can replenish them.” 

—  “Renewables: Naturally occurring and theoretically inexhaustible source of energy that is not derived from 
fossil  or  nuclear  fuel.  Renewable  resources  are  widely  abundant  all  over  the  Earth,  but  their  energy 
intensity per unit area is typically smaller compared to non-renewable resources.” 

29   https://sdmx.org/ 
30   https://wayback.archive-it.org/12090/20210119161700/https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/forum/discussion/view/261536/inspire-good-

practice-sdmx-for-human-health-and-population-distribution 

31   https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/er 
32   https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/er 

158 

 
 
—  “Waste  is  a  fuel  that  may  consist  of  many  different  materials  coming  from  combustible  industrial, 
institutional, hospital and household wastes such as rubber, plastics, waste fossil oils and other similar 
commodities.  It  is  either  solid  or  liquid  in  form,  renewable  or  non-renewable,  biodegradable  or  non-
biodegradable.” 

“Given that Nuclear fuels (Uranium and Thorium) are excluded from the energy resource types and are modelled 
within the Mineral Resources data specification, this data specification addresses only the fossil fuel element 
of the non-renewable resources.” 

Figure 64.  Transformation from Primary to Secondary Energy (Statistics Norway, 2008) 

The following energy-related aspects are out of the scope of the ER INSPIRE theme: 

Source: INSPIRE ER DS 

—  Secondary Energy Types, e.g. electricity. 

—  Energy use, e.g. petrol consumption. 

—  Smart grids. 

—  Storage of energy resources based on natural constructions (lakes for hydro, or empty natural reservoirs). 

—  Underground Coal Gasification (UCG). 

Moreover: 

—  “Uranium  and  Thorium  as  energy  resource  types  are  modelled  within  the  Mineral  Resources  data 

specification.” 

—  “The technical constructions for abstraction, transport and treatment are largely covered by Production 

and Industrial Facilities.” 

—  “Basic data for wind and temperature distributions are modelled within the Atmospheric Conditions data 

specification.” 

—  “Aerothermal energy resource is covered by the Atmospheric Conditions theme.” 

—  “Although  an  energy  resource  type  of  biogas  can  be  derived  from  a  landfill  feature  type  (currently 
modelled within Production and Industrial Facilities), biogas is retained within the Energy Resources code 
lists  in  order  that  it  is  possible  to  define  a  future  area  of  interest  with  an  estimation  of  the  energy 
production value.” 

159 

 
 
The ER theme contains three application schemas: 

—  “The Energy Resources Base application schema provides a base set of common Energy Resource classes 
including coded values for the classification of Energy Resources that fall within the scope of this theme.” 

—  “The  Energy  Resources  Vector  application  schema  provides  the  means  for  modelling  discrete  spatial 

features representing fossil fuels and renewables.” 

—  “The Energy Resources Coverage application schema provides a simple scheme for assessing the variation 

of energy potential of renewable resources including waste.” 

An overview of the three application schemas is provided in Figure 65, Figure 66 and Figure 67. 

Figure 65.  Overview of Energy Resource Base application schema 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

160 

 
 
 
 
Figure 66.  Overview of Energy Resource Vector application schema 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

161 

 
 
 
 
 
Figure 67.  Overview of Energy Resource Raster application schema 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge base 

From  the  description  of  the  Energy  Resource  theme  provided,  it  is  evident  that  the  availability  of  datasets 
harmonised according to the vector or raster data model could play a key role in the definition/update of a 
regional energy strategy. 

162 

 
 
 
10  Conclusions 

The report has presented  several aspects  related to a regional energy efficiency strategy,  ranging from the 
territorial jurisdiction in the field of energy to an overview of possible data sources, then analysing a specific 
regional energy strategy and highlighting the main challenges to be tackled. Finally,  potential solutions were 
proposed in order to deal with some of the detected challenges in the specific analysis of the Energy Efficiency 
strategy of Castilla y León region. One of the main burdens was the availability of adequate data. In particular, 
in sections 2 and 3 of this report (Step 1: Understanding of the European context), a relevant number of public 
data sources that cover energy aspects, as well as complementary sectors which are present in regional energy 
strategies, such as the environment, industrial or agricultural activities, have been analysed. In addition, the 
sources presented cover all European countries. Nevertheless, despite the data sources described so far should 
be considered non-exhaustive, the analysis provides a good overview of the data sources potentially relevant 
to the development of regional energy strategies at the European level. Several conclusions can be extracted 
from this analysis: 

—  Variety of data and access options: In analysing the selected data sources, it was observed that there 
is  a  vast  amount  of  available  data  from  statistical  offices  and  derived  from  Projects.  Similarly,  the 
accessibility options to these data are highly heterogeneous and sometimes not immediate (as in the 
case of Projects data). Additionally, the option to view data through cartographic visualisations in user-
friendly  websites  that  use  map  representation  is  available  in  several  data  sources.  However,  special 
efforts  should  be  placed  in  providing  data  in  formats  that  are  also  easy  to  process  (e.g.  CSV,  enable 
connections through API, etc.). 

—  Coverage and scale: whereas the geographical coverage of all datasets analysed was either European 
or international, the  scale  at  which  the  data  was  presented  was,  in  most  cases,  at  the  national  level. 
However, to support regional energy strategies, it is essential to count also on sub-national (regional or 
local) level datasets. Sub-national scales would allow establishing comparable methodologies among the 
Member States. Hence, data provided by Eurostat at the different NUTS levels is greatly beneficial. 

—  Supporting the modelling of other variables: some of the data analysed cannot be directly used to 
potentially support regional energy strategies but they can be leveraged to extract variables to calculate 
relevant indicators. This is the case of sources like Copernicus or OpenStreetMap. 

All in all, the underlying conclusion after having analysed the selected data sources is the remarkable complexity 
and huge amount of the datasets present at European level. Moreover, this data increase is a trend that will 
continue to persist and is currently being exacerbated due to the existence of monitoring devices, IOT etc that 
capture real-time data.  

In this context, not only having a common access point with clear filter options and identification of resource 
formats  (as  the  EU  Open  Data  Portal  proposes)  will  be  fundamental;  but  also,  the  deployment  of  big  data 
analytics and AI to be able to exploit this data and extract relevant information. Based on current trends, the 
challenge of the near future will not be the lack of data, but, apart from other challenges, the clear identification 
of what decisions need to be made and what information is required to do so, in order to know what data need 
to be exploited. 

For this reason, the challenges found in a specific case study, consisting of the Energy Efficiency Strategy of 
the  Castilla  y  León  region, have  been  deeply  analysed,  realising  that  the  development  of  a  regional  energy 
strategy entails a lot of challenges. These are related to data needs, as well as assessments to be performed 
and actions to be proposed in order to comply with the objectives established and directly transposed from the 
energy European Directives. 

In sections 4 and 5 (Step 2: Analysing a real case: regional energy efficiency strategy in Castilla y León region) 
the context of Castilla y León has been presented, the current regional energy efficiency strategy analysed, by 
delving into each of the sectors. In these analyses, a special focus has been placed on the data sources required 
to  characterise  and  monitor  each  of  the  sectors.  All  the  datasets  identified  are  shown  in  detail  in  Annex  3. 
However, this analysis should be considered preliminary, since a much more in-depth analysis would be required 
to analyse the complexities that each sector entails. 

The main conclusions drawn from the analyses made on the Energy Efficiency Strategy of the Castilla y León 
region are: 

—  High  complexity  of  the  Castilla  y  León  regional  energy  efficiency  strategy:  regional  energy 
strategies entail a high complexity as they involve different sectors, as it has been confirmed by the in-

163 

 
depth analysis of the Castilla y León one. Additionally it is necessary to comply with the energy objectives 
coming from the European Union (EPBD, EED, RED, etc.). Moreover, this progress needs to be reported at 
the national scale. As a consequence, counting on multi-scale quality data that can enhance the analysis 
of the status of the region at the appropriate scale and support the actions to be taken is fundamental. 

—  Essential role of objectives and monitoring: the objectives set from external sources (i.e. European 
Commission through its Directives) guide the implementation of the regional energy strategy. Based on 
this, a monitoring of the proposed actions is implemented to check  whether the objectives have been 
achieved or not. Two considerations should be highlighted in this field: 

o  Regarding  the  definition  of  the  objectives,  a  question  that  should  be  posed  is  whether  the 
objectives to comply at the regional level should be the same as at the ones at the national or 
European levels, or if they should be fine-tuned according to the regions’ characteristics. In the 
case of the Spanish Castilla y León region, they commit to comply at least with those coming from 
the European level. 

o  Monitoring  is  a  crucial  activity  that  helps  determining  whether  a  specific  action  has  had  the 
expected impact and  contributed to achieving the established objective or not. To this end, the 
lines  of  action  and  the  specific  objectives  to  be  achieved  in  each  sectors  (industrial,  building, 
transport, public services, administrative) have been presented. However, the way to measure the 
impact of each of the actions (aspect not been explored  in this report) is crucial to assure the 
success of the strategy. 

—  Lack of timely data: while identifying the required datasets, a lack of timely data was observed in some 
cases. Indeed, when using official statistical data sources, the date of publication of the data versus the 
timeframe covered in the data was extremely distant. The latter can result in decision-making processes 
based on potentially obsolete data. Thus, a balance between using updated data coming from reliable 
sources versus delayed official statistical data should be found. 

—  No location data: the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León does not use geo-located data for 
implementation or monitoring purposes. Nevertheless, the scale of some of the data used as a basis in 
the energy efficiency strategy definition can cover the province level (NUTS 3), hence, covering the nine 
provinces in Castilla y León region. Thus, there is a great opportunity to explore how location data can 
support the development of regional energy strategies in Castilla y León. 

Finally, in sections 6 to 9 (Step 3, INSPIRE potential to support regional energy planning in the EU), it is shown 
how  data  harmonised  according  to  INSPIRE  and  other  geospatial  data  can  support  the  implementation  of 
regional energy strategies. 

To  this  end,  concepts  on  spatial  planning  have  been  explored  first;  then,  the  INSPIRE  Directive  has  been 
presented, and other datasets to support regional energy strategies. Based on the knowledge of the regional 
energy  strategy's  challenges,  several  applications  for  specific  sectors  have  been  described.  As  a  result,  the 
following Figure 68 depicts the progress performed in the whole use case: 

Figure 68.  Use case “Supporting the design and implementation of a regional energy strategy.” 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

164 

INDUSTRIALBUILDINGTRANSPORTPUBLIC SERVICESADMINISTRATIVEEU SOURCE 1EU SOURCE 2EU SOURCE 3EU SOURCE 4EU SOURCE 5EU SOURCE NCYL SOURCE 3NATIONAL COMPETENCESREGIONAL COMPETENCESLOCAL COMPETENCESDATASET 1DATASET 2DATASET 3DATASET 4DATASET 5DATASET 6DATASET NAPPLICATION 1APPLICATION 2APPLICATION 3APPLICATION 4CYL SOURCE 2CYL SOURCE 4EU STATUSSECTIONS 2 AND 3CASE STUDY CYLSECTIONS 4, 5, 6, 7, 8APPLICATION PROPOSALIN CYLSECTION 9CYL SOURCE 1CYL SOURCE 5CYL SOURCE N 
 
As exposed, the complexity of regional energy strategies is very high since there is a lot of data that needs to 
be gathered for a variety of sectors, which come from different and heterogeneous sources. In this line, the 
applications  described,  that  link  location  data  to  other  available  data  using  specific  models,  can  effectively 
support a series of analyses in specific sectors, contributing to facilitating the assessment of the specific sector 
concerned. Indeed, this in-depth analysis of what each sector entails would be the necessary next step in this 
research. Only by determining how to characterise each sector would it be possible to monitor its progress and 
to propose adequate actions, and monitor their effects. 

However,  deepening  into  each  sector and  potentially  relevant  data  sources would  be  fundamental, but  also 
understanding how each sector is linked to each other and other factors and transversal sectors affecting their 
development. Among these cross-sectoral factors, there are the economy, population, land use, etc. The many 
different indicators contribute to characterising the region and have a clear impact on the development of the 
mentioned sector. 

To  this  end,  a  potential  clear  improvement  of  the  Regional  energy  strategy  of  Castilla  y  Leon  would  be  to 
represent in an appropriate holistic framework modelling the different sectors considered as strategic in the 
region  (Figure  69).  The  main  purpose  of  a  cross-sectoral  modelling  would  be  to  reflect  better the  potential 
interlinkages between the different sectors and implemented measures to capture how changes taking place in 
a specific sector impact the others (e.g. measures related to energy efficiency affect not only the energy sector 
but also other sectors in an indirect way). 

Figure 69.  Proposed next steps for the use case 

Source: CARTIF, own elaboration 

In addition, the transversal sectors (e.g. economy, land use allocation, social and population) need to be reflected 
in  the  regional  energy  strategy, to  adequately  project  the  variables of  interest  toward  the  future,  analysing 
better  the  needs,  additional  issues  that  can  arise  and  the  potential  solutions.  For  example,  a  better 
representation  of  the  economic  development  of  the  regions,  along  with  population  trends  (also  considering 
migration issues), land use availability and related opportunities, can foster a more accurate strategic analysis 
of the region. At the  same time, it can allow  finding better solutions adjusted to the particular state of the 
region. 

All in all, the use of INSPIRE data sets could play a key role when defining the holistic framework modelling 
since  the  main  sectors  analysed  for  the  Castilla  y  Leon  region  are  already  covered  by  some  INSPIRE  data 
themes. 

It could also be considered, as a final goal, to provide a pan-European modelling framework to support any 
European region when developing energy strategies as well as during its evaluation phase. 

165 

APPLICATION: REGIONAL ENERGY MODELTOWARDS INTERACION AMONG SECTORS AND PROJECTION INTO FUTUREINDUSTRIALBUILDINGTRANSPORTPUBLIC SERVICESADMINISTRATIVEPOPULATIONECONOMYLAND-USE 
 
 
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Directive: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
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November 2020] 

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24/11/2020] 

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24/11/2020] 

[133]  PRETOR register for energy facilities. 

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Norway, 1-5 October 2018 Proceedings 

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Fundamentos Técnicos de calificación energética de edificios existentes CE3X), IDAE, 2012 
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173 

 
 
List of abbreviations and definitions 

API 

Application Programming Interfaces 

ASTI 

Agrarian Studies Training Institute 

AU 

BEI 

African Union 

Baseline Emission Inventory 

BOCyL 

Boletín Oficial de Castilla y León (Official Bulletin in Castilla y León) 

BSO 

Building Stock Observatory 

CEM 

Clean Energy Ministerial 

CLLD 

Community-Led Local Development 

CoM 

COP 

CoR 

CyL 

Covenant of Mayors 

Conference of Parties 

Committee of the Regions 

Castilla y León 

DEEP 

De-risking Energy Efficiency Platform 

DGT 

Dirección General de Tráfico – General Directorate of Roads 

DHW 

Domestic Hot Water 

EA 

EC 

Enterprise Architect 

European Commission 

ECEM 

European Climatic Energy Mixes 

ECFIN 

DG for Economic and Financial Affairs 

EEA 

European Environment Agency 

EEFIG 

Energy Efficiency Financial Institution Group 

EO 

EPC 

Earth Observation 

Energy Performance Certificate 

EPSR 

European Pillar of Social Rights 

EREN 

Ente Regional de la Energía de Castilla y León 

ESIF 

European Structural and Investment Funds 

ESS 

EU 

European Statistical System 

European Union 

174 

 
FAO 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 

FPMA 

Food Price Monitoring and analysis tool 

FRA 

FTE 

GCD 

GDP 

Forest Resources Assessment 

Full-time equivalent 

General Directorate of Roads 

Gross Domestic Product 

GHG 

Greenhouse Gas 

GML 

Geography Markup Language 

GNM 

Generic Network Model 

GNP 

GPS 

GVA 

H/C 

Gross National Product 

Global Position System 

Gross Value Added 

Heating and Cooling 

IDEE 

Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de España – Spanish Spatial Data Infrastructure 

IEA 

IEF 

IMD 

IOT 

International Energy Agency 

International Energy Forum 

Average Daily Intensity 

Internet of Things 

IPPC 

International Plant Protection Convention 

ITI 

JRC 

Integrated Territorial Investment 

Joint Research Centre 

KCTP 

Knowledge Centre for Territorial Policies 

LEAP 

Low Emissions Analysis Platform 

LUISA 

Land-Use based Integrated Sustainability Assessment 

MIG 

MS 

Maintenance and Implementation Groups 

Member States 

MURE 

Mesures d'Utilisation Rationnelle de l'Energie 

NFP 

National Focal Points 

NUTS 

Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 

175 

 
nZEB 

Nearly Zero Energy Building 

OPTE 

Optimización de Tarifas Energéticas (Energy tariffs optimization) 

OSM 

OpenStreetMaps 

PAEE 

Plan de Ahorro y Eficiencia Energética (Energy efficiency and savings plan) 

PEEIs 

Principal European Economic Indicators 

PPS 

Purchasing Power Standard 

PRTR 

Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers 

RCI 

RCP 

Regions and Cities Illustrated 

Representative Concentration Pathways 

R+D+I 

Research, development and innovation 

REE 

RES 

Red Elétrica Española (Spanish Electric Network) 

Renewable Energy Source 

RIS3 

Research and Innovation Smart Specialisation Strategy 

RVA 

SDG 

Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 

Sustainable Development Goal 

SECAP 

Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan 

SUD 

Sustainable Urban Development 

TIA 

Territorial Impact Assessment 

UCG 

Underground Coal Gasification 

UDPplus 

Urban Data Platform Plus 

WFP 

World Food Programme 

WMS 

Web Map Service 

176 

 
 
List of figures 

Figure 1. Structure of the activities carried out in the Energy Location Applications - Regional Energy Strategy 
Use Case. ................................................................................................................ 7 

Figure 2. Schema on how administrative levels have an impact on the necessary data .......................18 

Figure 3. Summary of EU Member States competences at different levels .....................................19 

Figure 4. Eurostat Database homepage ............................................................................21 

Figure 5. NUTS classification according to EUROSTAT .............................................................23 

Figure 6. Timeline with amendments and different NUTS versions ..............................................24 

Figure 7. Interactive map viewer of the Statistical Atlas ..........................................................25 

Figure 8. Interactive map viewer of the Regions and Cities Illustrated (RCI). ....................................25 

Figure 9. ESPON Database portal homepage ......................................................................30 

Figure 10. ESPON Data Navigator homepage ......................................................................31 

Figure 11. Urban Data Platform Plus (UDPlus) homepage ........................................................33 

Figure 12. LUISA Structure and workflow ..........................................................................37 

Figure 13. Fact sheets provided in STRATBoard ...................................................................40 

Figure 14. Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan Template ...............................................48 

Figure 15. TABULA web tool scheme ...............................................................................49 

Figure 16. TABULA web tool content ................................................................................50 

Figure 17. EU Buildings Datamapper ...............................................................................52 

Figure 18. ENTRANZE website .......................................................................................53 

Figure 19. DEEP database homepage ..............................................................................54 

Figure 20. Odyssee Data base homepage ..........................................................................56 

Figure 21. MURE Data base homepage .............................................................................60 

Figure 22. Castilla y León region ....................................................................................64 

Figure 23. Final energy consumption per sector in CyL in 2014 and 2015 ......................................74 

Figure 24. Research expenditure distribution by sector in Castilla y León for 2010 to 2014 period. ..........83 

Figure 25. Internal R+D+I expense (thousands of €) according to where the expense is made ................83 

Figure 26. Number of companies that have carried out activities for technological innovation according to 
headquarters of the company. .......................................................................................84 

Figure 27. Distribution of current expenses in R+D+i of Companies and Private Non-Profit Institutions based 
in the region. ...........................................................................................................85 

Figure 28. Distribution of capital expenditures in internal R+D+i of Companies and Private Non-Profit 
Institutions based in the region. ......................................................................................85 

Figure 29. Destination of current expenditure on internal R+D+i carried out by institutional sectors with 
headquarters in Castilla y León (2014). .............................................................................85 

Figure 30. Evolution of internal expenses in R+D+i (thousands of €) in Higher Education in Castilla y León for 
the period (2010-2014). ..............................................................................................86 

Figure 31. Distribution of current expenses on R+D+i in higher education in Castilla y León in 2014. ........87 

177 

 
Figure 32. Evolution of internal expenses in R+D+i (thousands of €) in Public administrations in Castilla y 
León for the period (2010-2014). ....................................................................................87 

Figure 33. Distribution of current expenses on R+D+i in higher education in Castilla y León in 2014. ........88 

Figure 34. Financing of internal R+D+i expenses in Castilla y León for 2010- 2014. ..........................89 

Figure 35. Financing of internal R+D+i expenses in Spain for 2010- 2014. .....................................89 

Figure 36. Distribution of national funding in R+D+i in Castilla y León for the year 2014. ....................90 

Figure 37. Workforce in R+D+I area in Castilla y León and Spain for 2010- 2014. .............................91 

Figure 38. Spanish Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation challenges ...............................92 

Figure 39. Spanish Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation challenges ...............................93 

Figure 40. EREN Twitter account (screenshot) .....................................................................94 

Figure 41. Public funds distribution per the public body who will manage them ................................98 

Figure 42. Depiction of temporal detail and geographical coverage of various numerical models .......... 103 

Figure 43. INSPIRE implementation roadmap .................................................................... 106 

Figure 44. Relationship between INSPIRE Implementing Rules and Technical Guidance...................... 108 

Figure 45. Homepage of the Geoportal of Castilla y León. ...................................................... 114 

Figure 46. Homepage of the INSPIRE Geoportal ................................................................. 119 

Figure 47. Scheme of the ENERGIS tool .......................................................................... 132 

Figure 48. INSPIRE 2D extended BU application schema ........................................................ 133 

Figure 49. ENERGIS web visualisation tool ....................................................................... 138 

Figure 50. Steps of the Planning CO2 methodology. ............................................................. 140 

Figure 51. Results of the Planning CO2 methodology at local scale. ........................................... 142 

Figure 52. TN overview ............................................................................................ 144 

Figure 53. Common Transport Elements overview .............................................................. 145 

Figure 54. Road Network feature types with geometries ....................................................... 145 

Figure 55. Road Transport Networks Spatial Object Types: Transport Properties ............................. 146 

Figure 56. Road Transport Networks: Enumerations and Code List Class diagram ........................... 147 

Figure 57. Homepage of the REPROv2 register of the Spanish Administration. ............................... 148 

Figure 58. Map of energy production developed for Spain. ..................................................... 150 

Figure 59. Homepage of the PRETOR register of the Spanish Administration. ................................ 150 

Figure 60. Homepage of the Statistical Bulletin of the Administration of Castilla y León. ................... 152 

Figure 61. Overview of the Production and Industrial Facilities application schema .......................... 154 

Figure 62. Overview of the Production and Industrial Facilities application schema – Cross Theme 
Relationships ......................................................................................................... 155 

Figure 63. Data Types of the ActivityComplex feature type .................................................... 156 

Figure 64. Transformation from Primary to Secondary Energy (Statistics Norway, 2008) ................... 159 

Figure 65. Overview of Energy Resource Base application schema ............................................ 160 

Figure 66. Overview of Energy Resource Vector application schema .......................................... 161 

178 

 
Figure 67. Overview of Energy Resource Raster application schema .......................................... 162 

Figure 68. Use case “Supporting the design and implementation of a regional energy strategy.” ........... 164 

Figure 69. Proposed next steps for the use case ................................................................ 165 

179 

 
 
List of tables 

Table 1. SPECIAL project overview ................................................................................... 9 

Table 2. SET-UP project overview .................................................................................... 9 

Table 3. BIO4ECO Project overview .................................................................................10 

Table 4. RESOR project overview ....................................................................................10 

Table 5. DeCarb project overview ...................................................................................11 

Table 6. Planheat project overview ..................................................................................11 

Table 7. HotMaps project overview ..................................................................................12 

Table 8. INTENSSS-PA project overview ............................................................................12 

Table 9. SIMPLA-A project overview .................................................................................13 

Table 10. C-Track 50 project overview ..............................................................................14 

Table 11. ENERGee Watch project overview ........................................................................14 

Table 12. INNOPATHS project overview .............................................................................15 

Table 13. Overview of data sources analysed .....................................................................16 

Table 14. Countries covered in the energy competences description of the Committee of the Regions ......19 

Table 15. Data categories in EUROSTAT database .................................................................22 

Table 16. Population threshold for each NUTS region .............................................................23 

Table 17. Regional statistics by NUTS classification ...............................................................24 

Table 18. FAOSTAT database: themes covered ....................................................................26 

Table 19. Topics and subtopics covered in the EEA database .....................................................28 

Table 20. IEA database (data and statistics topics, and data services) ..........................................29 

Table 21. ESPON database content .................................................................................30 

Table 22. ESPON Data Navigator content ..........................................................................31 

Table 23. Dashboard (Urban Data Platform Plus) content ........................................................34 

Table 24. Indicators contained in the Dashboard (Urban Data Platform Plus)...................................34 

Table 25. Models integrated in LUISA platform covering different sectors ......................................38 

Table 26. Sectors covered in the land functions for the allocation of the following aspects ...................38 

Table 27. StratBOARD content .......................................................................................39 

Table 28. Information provided in STRATBoard ....................................................................40 

Table 29. Census data related to persons ..........................................................................41 

Table 30. Census data related to families and households .......................................................44 

Table 31. Census data related to dwellings ........................................................................45 

Table 32. TABULA / EPISCOPE relevant results .....................................................................48 

Table 33. TABULA Building typology configuration ................................................................50 

Table 34. Filter possibilities available in the DEEP platform ......................................................54 

Table 35. Data per project available in the DEEP platform .......................................................55 

180 

 
Table 36. Odysee database content ................................................................................57 

Table 37. MURE database content ..................................................................................60 

Table 38. Most relevant data contained in Copernicus Services: Land Monitoring and Climate Change Services
 ..........................................................................................................................61 

Table 39. Common attributes for each OSM layer. ................................................................62 

Table 40. Available layers from OSM catalogue ...................................................................62 

Table 41. Characterisation of the Castilla y León Region through indicators ....................................65 

Table 42. Steps followed in the Energy Efficiency Strategy definition ...........................................69 

Table 43. Objectives for the industrial sector in 2020 ............................................................73 

Table 44. Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the industrial sector ..............................73 

Table 45. Consumption per energy source in the building sector in 2014 and 2015 ...........................75 

Table 46. Dwellings distribution and evolution from 2010 to 2015 .............................................75 

Table 47. Objectives for the residential and tertiary sectors in 2020 ............................................75 

Table 48. Energy efficiency lines of action and measures – Building sector ....................................76 

Table 49. Objectives for the transport sector in 2020 .............................................................77 

Table 50. Energy efficiency lines of action and measures – Transport sector ...................................77 

Table 51. Objectives for the public services sector in 2020 ......................................................79 

Table 52. Energy efficiency lines of action and measures in the public services sector ........................79 

Table 53. Objectives for the administrative sector in 2020 .......................................................80 

Table 54. Energy efficiency lines of action and measures ........................................................81 

Table 55. Research lines in the Energy Efficiency Strategy of Castilla y León...................................93 

Table 56. Awards related to Energy Efficiency in Castilla y León .................................................96 

Table 57. Specialized courses taught to professionals ............................................................96 

Table 58. Annual distribution of investment from public funds. ..................................................97 

Table 59. Sectoral distribution of the investment required for the entire period (2016-2020) ................98 

Table 60. Main public funds management bodies .................................................................98 

Table 61. Data sources used in the energy efficiency strategy of Castilla y León ..............................99 

Table 62. INSPIRE themes per Annex ............................................................................. 108 

Table 63. INSPIRE data themes analysed in the present document ............................................ 109 

Table 64. Potential open data sources to support regional energy strategies in EU .......................... 110 

Table 65. Datasets in Castilla y León by INSPIRE theme and available format/accessibility. ................ 114 

Table 66. INSPIRE datasets available at country level (Spain). ................................................. 120 

Table 67. Attributes and contents within Building in the Spanish Cadastre .................................... 134 

Table 68. Attributes and contents within Building Part in the Spanish Cadastre .............................. 135 

Table 69. Transport datasets available for Spain considering different geoportals. .......................... 140 

Table 70. Results obtained applying Planning CO2 methodology in different transport lines. ................ 142 

181 

 
Table 71. Main attributes of REPROv2 data provided by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and 
Demographic Challenge ............................................................................................. 148 

Table 72. Main attributes of PRETOR data provided by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic 
Challenge. ............................................................................................................ 151 

Table 73. Examples of statistical data used in the Castilla y León Energy Efficiency strategy .............. 157 

Table 74. Energy competences in Austria (AT) according to the Committee of the Regions.................. 184 

Table 75. Energy competences in Belgium (BE) according to the Committee of the Regions ................ 185 

Table 76. Energy competences in Finland (FI) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 186 

Table 77. Energy competences in Germany (DE) according to the Committee of the Regions ............... 187 

Table 78. Energy competences in Italy (IT) according to the Committee of the Regions ..................... 188 

Table 79. Energy competences in Portugal (PT) according to the Committee of the Regions ................ 189 

Table 80. Energy competences in Spain (ES) according to the Committee of the Regions ................... 190 

Table 81. Energy competences in Bulgaria (BU) according to the Committee of the Regions ................ 191 

Table 82. Energy competences in Croatia (HR) according to the Committee of the Regions ................. 192 

Table 83. Energy competences in Cyprus (CY) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 193 

Table 84. Energy competences in Czechia (CZ) according to the Committee of the Regions ................. 193 

Table 85. Energy competences in Denmark (DK) according to the Committee of the Regions ............... 194 

Table 86. Energy competences in Estonia (EE) according to the Committee of the Regions ................. 194 

Table 87. Energy competences in France (FR) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 195 

Table 88. Energy competences in Greece (EL) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 196 

Table 89. Energy competences in Hungary (HU) according to the Committee of the Regions................ 197 

Table 90. Energy competences in Ireland (IE) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 198 

Table 91. Energy competences in Latvia (LV) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 199 

Table 92. Energy competences in Lithuania (LT) according to the Committee of the Regions ............... 199 

Table 93. Energy competences in Luxembourg (LU) according to the Committee of the Regions ........... 200 

Table 94. Energy competences in Malta (MT) according to the Committee of the Regions ................... 200 

Table 95. Energy competences in Poland (PL) according to the Committee of the Regions .................. 201 

Table 96. Energy competences in Romania (RO) according to the Committee of the Regions ............... 202 

Table 97. Energy competences in Slovakia (SK) according to the Committee of the Regions ................ 203 

Table 98. Energy competences in Slovenia (SL) according to the Committee of the Regions ................ 204 

Table 99. Energy competences in Sweden (SE) according to the Committee of the Regions ................. 204 

Table 100. Energy competences in The Netherlands (NL) according to the Committee of the Regions ..... 205 

Table 101. Eurostat regional data by NUTS level ................................................................ 206 

Table 102. Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Industrial Sector ...................... 216 

Table 103. Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Building Sector ....................... 220 

Table 104. Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Transport Sector ..................... 225 

182 

 
Table 105. Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Public services (local entities) sector
 ........................................................................................................................ 229 

Table 106. Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Administrative sector ................ 234 

Table 107. Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Monitoring indicators ................ 237 

Table 108. INSPIRE themes description .......................................................................... 244 

183 

 
 
Annexes 

Annex 1. Energy competences in the EU 

This annex compiles the information provided by the Committee of the Regions on the energy competences in 
the  EU,  in  particular,  and  as  expressed  in  section  2,  focusing  only  on  the  Member  States  with  and  without 
legislative  powers  at  the  sub-national  level.  The  summary  tables first  present  the  countries with  legislative 
powers at the sub-national level and those that do not. 

Table 74.  Energy competences in Austria (AT) according to the Committee of the Regions 

AUSTRIA (AT) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

/

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m

i

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

State authorities are responsible for: 

- Legislative and administrative competence to set norms and lay down classifications for  electric facilities as 
well as taking security measures in this field. (Art. 10 (10) Constitution); 
- Legislative and administrative competence to ensure the security of energy supplies; 
- Legislative and administrative competence for the control of fissile material and technology for the production 
of the same; 
- Competence to set minimum standards for the  energy efficiency of electronic equipment as well as to label 
electronic equipment according to its energy efficiency as well as the organisation of the energy efficiency; 
- Framework legislation for the production, transition, distribution and provision of electricity industry; 
- Price setting for the usage of power grids; 
- Support of energy from renewable sources 

Regional authorities are responsible for: 

- Provincial energy plans; 
- Administration of renewable energy policies; 
- Energy taxes; 
- Financial grants to promote the development of renewable energy technologies. 

Local authorities are responsible for: 

- Local energy plans; 
- Administration of the 'e5 programme' – a programme which provides support for the municipalities to achieve 
energy efficiency and improve climate protection; 
- Providing energy efficiency information. 

i

s
e
d
o
b
Ministry of Science, Research and Economy 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Austria’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [49] 

- Energielenkungsgesetz 
- Erdöl-Bevorratungs- und Meldegesetz 
- e5 Österreich – Programm für energieeffiziente Gemeinden 
- Ökostromgesetz 
- Sicherheitskontrollgesetz 
- Elektrotechnikgesetz 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Austria [50] above 

184 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 75.  Energy competences in Belgium (BE) according to the Committee of the Regions 

BELGIUM (BE) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

i

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m
e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

l

The central government is responsible for: 

- Nuclear energy; 
- Federal equipment plans for electricity; 
- Major energy storage infrastructure, and 
- The transport and production of energy, and prices. 
- Security of supply 
- National indicative investment plans for gas and electricity (in collaboration with 
- The CREG, the federal regulator) 
- Nuclear fuel cycles and related research and development (R&D) programmes. 
- Large stockholding installations for oil 
- Production and transmission/transport of energy (including electricity grid >70 kV), 
- Including large storage infrastructure 
- Transport tariffs and prices 
- Product norms 
- Offshore wind energy. 

Regional authorities are responsible for: 

- Local transport and distribution of electricity; 
- The public distribution of gas; 
- The rational use of energy, and 
- Distribution tariffs (gas and electricity) will be transferred from the federal to the regional level (except tariffs 
of the transmission system operators). 
- Regulation of gas and electricity retail markets 
- Distribution and transmission of electricity (electricity grid <70 kV) 
- Distribution of natural gas 
- Distribution tariffs 
- District heating equipment and networks 
- Renewable sources of energy (except offshore wind energy) 
- Recovery of waste energy from industry or other uses 
- Promotion of the efficient use of energy 
- Energy R&D (except nuclear) 
- Use of firedamp (coal-bed methane) and blast furnace gas. 

Local authorities are responsible for: 

- Energy supply; 
- The management of the public distribution of energy. (Communes frequently use intercommunal associations 
for this purpose). 

i

s
e
d
o
b

/

- Directorate-General for Energy 
-  Department  of  Environment,  Nature  and  Energy 
within the Ministry of the Flemish Community 
Land 
for 
-  Operational  Directorate-General 
Management,  Housing,  Patrimony  and  Energy  – 
Walloon Region 
- IBGE/BIM – Brussels-Capital Region 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Belgium’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [51] 

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

- Constitution of Belgium (Constitution belge texte coordonné du 17 février 1994). In particular Art. 39 
- Special law of Institutional Reform (Loi Spéciale de réformes institutionnelles du 8 Août 1980). In particular Art. 
6, paragraph 1, indent VII 
- The French Speaking Community (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles) 
- IEA Belgium 
- Belgium, IEA Review, 2016 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Belgium [52] 

185 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 76.  Energy competences in Finland (FI) according to the Committee of the Regions 

FINLAND (FI) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

- Overall policy; 
- Adopt of the National Climate and Energy Strategy; 
- Adopt of supplementary programmes; 
- Facilitate international co-operation on energy in the IEA (International Energy Agency) and the NEA (International 
Energy Agency). 
The Energy Authority (under the Ministry of Employment and the Economy) 
- Provide expert advice; 
- monitors compliance with the electricity market legislation 
- promotes the operation of the competitive electricity and natural gas markets; 
- grant network permits 
- monitor compliance by system operators with the obligations 
- implement and administer systems promoting the production and use of renewable energy. 
Regional State Administrative Agencies (State authorities) 
- Issue permits for larger and medium-sized industrial plants. 

Regional Council 
- Regional natural resources and the environment plans  
Åland competences 
- Resources management; 
- Central authorities have legislative competence in the field of nuclear energy, nevertheless, the consent of the 
Åland Government is required for the construction, possession and operation of a nuclear power plant and the 
handling and stockpiling of materials in Åland. 

- Energy management; 
- Distribute electricity and district heating; 
- Issue environmental permits needed by smaller plants and facilities; 
- The bigger municipalities have their own energy production companies. 

/

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m

i

i

s
e
- Regional State Administrative Agencies 
d
o
- Regional Council 
b
- Aland Government 
- Municipalities 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Finland’s  multilevel  governance system  can  be 
consulted here [53] 

- Act 2014/7 on regional development and the management of Structural Fund operations   
- Act on the autonomy of Aland (1991/1144), Section 18 and 27 
- AFLRA portal, Good living environment 
- Ministry of Environment portal, Environmental protection 
- The Energy Authority 
- Local Government Act 410/2015. 
- Energy and Climate Roadmap 2050 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Finland [54] 

186 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 77.  Energy competences in Germany (DE) according to the Committee of the Regions 

GERMANY (DE) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

s
n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

l

e
b

i

- Nuclear Energy 
- Adopts legislation and policy on reducing energy dependency.  
- Subsidies and loans to reduce energy consumption.  
- Promotion of alternative energy sources 
- Online energy monitoring 
- Energy performance certificates 
- Germany Network Agency is responsible for the deregulation of the energy infrastructure. 

- Implementation of legislations 
- Local programmes to promote energy savings 
Intermediate level - Kreise 
- Implementation of legislations 
- Local programmes to promote energy savings 

- Implementation of legislations 
- Local programmes to promote energy savings  
- Street lighting 
- Management of energy supply utilities 

i

/

s
e

i
r
t
s
i
Ministry of Economy and Energy 
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Germany’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [55] 

- Energie 
- Bundesnetzagentur 
- Power, A. & Zulauf, M., Cutting Carbon Costs: Learning from Germany's Energy Saving Program 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Germany [56] 

187 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 78.  Energy competences in Italy (IT) according to the Committee of the Regions 

ITALY (IT) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

e

l

b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The central government is responsible for: 

- Defining fundamental principles; 
- Administrative functions relating to: 
- Scientific research; 
- Import, export and storage; 
- Regulation of standards; 
- Control over the national agency on new technologies, energy and environment (ENEA); 
- The use of radioactive material and x-ray machines; 
- Electric energy production; 
- The setting up of targets and national programmes on renewable sources and energy conservation; 
- Nuclear facilities; 
- Inspection, research and storage of hydrocarbon; 
- Taxation of oil stocks; 
- Tariffs; 
- Statistics; 
- Regional planning regarding water resources, and 
- The coordination of research programmes. 

Regional authorities are responsible for: 

- Administrative functions relating to energy, including renewable resources, electricity, solar energy, oil and gas, 
which are neither reserved for the State nor the local authorities; 
- Grants to support the use of renewable energies; 
- Contributions for the reduction of energy consumption; 
- Incentives for the use of renewable energy in agriculture; 
- Coordinating functions with local authorities, and 
- Assisting local authorities in awareness and training. 

Provincial  authorities*  are  responsible  for  administrative  functions  relating  to  energy  saving  and  to  the 
rational use of energy, including: 
- Programmes promoting renewable resources and energy-saving; 
- Grant permits for the construction of energy production facilities, and 
- Control over the facilities’ efficiency. 
Municipal authorities are responsible for administrative functions relating to energy saving and to the rational 
use of energy. 
*  Provincial  competences  and  responsibilities  are  progressively  changing  due  to  the  entry  into  force  of  Law 
56/2014  on  Metropolitan  Cities,  the  provinces  and  on  the  union  and  merging  of  municipalities.  In  addition,  it 
depends  on  regional  laws,  which  may  regulate  provinces  and  municipal  responsibilities  according  to  different 
areas. See the dossier by ANCE (2015) on ‘Changes to provincial functions after the Law 56/2014. 

i

s
s
e
-  Ministry  of  the  Environment  and  Maritime 
e
i
r
d
t
Protection 
o
s
b
i
n
- ISPRA 
m

/

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Italy’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [57] 

- Constitution, Article 117. 
- Decreto Legislativo 31.03.1998, n. 112 "Conferimento di funzioni e compiti amministrativi dello Stato alle regioni 
ed  agli  enti  locali,  in  attuazione  del  capo  I  della  legge  15  marzo  1997,  n.  59",  GU    n.  92  del  21.04.1998  - 
Supplemento Ordinario n. 77 (Rettifica G.U. n. 116 del 21.05.1997) [Legislative Decree 112/1998] 
- Decreto Legislativo 18 agosto 2000, n. 267 "Testo unico delle leggi sull'ordinamento degli enti locali" (GU n. 227 
del  28.09.2000  -  Supplemento  Ordinario  n.  162)  [Legislative  Decree  267/2000  on  the  organisation  of  local 
authorities], Art. 19. 
- Law 1991/10, Article 9 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Italy [58] 

188 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 79.  Energy competences in Portugal (PT) according to the Committee of the Regions 

PORTUGAL (PT) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

Central government is responsible for: 
- Energy Policy 
- Energy infrastructure policies 
- Renewable Energy deployment initiatives. 
- Strategies, Monitoring frameworks and evaluations. 
- National Energy Strategy 2020 
- National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2013-16 
- Cross-border co-operation 

Regional authorities are responsible for: 
The Azores -The Legislative Assembly legislates in energy policy. It is responsible for: 

- Production facilities; 
- Distribution; 
- The storage and transport of energy, and 
- The regional production of energy, including renewable energy and efficiency energy.  
Madeira: 
- Energy production site, and 
- Distribution. 

Municipal authorities are responsible for: 
- The distribution of electricity at low voltage; 
- Urban and rural lightening; 
- Investing in energy-producing centres, and 
- Managing the distribution networks. 

/

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m

i

i

s
e
- Ministry of Economy 
d
o
- National Laboratory for Energy and Geology 
b
- Energy Services Regulatory Authority 
- Portuguese Energy Association 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Portugal’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [59] 

- IEA Review, Energy Policy 
-  Lei  n.º  2/2009  de  12  de  Janeiro  Aprova  a  terceira  revisão  do  Estatuto  Político  –Administrativo  da  Região 
Autónoma dos Açores – [Law on the political and administrative statute of the Autonomous Region of Azores] 
- Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma da Madeira Aprovado pela Lei n.º 13/91, de 5 de Junho. 
- Revisto pela Lei n.º 12/2000, de 21 de Junho. [Law on the political and administrative statute of Autonomous 
region of Madeira] 
- Lei n.º 159/99 de 14 de Setembro,  Estabelece o quadro de transferência de atribuições e competências para as 
autarquias locais [Law No. 159/99, September 14, that sets out the Framework for the transfer of functions and 
powers of the local authorities] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Portugal [60] 

189 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 80.  Energy competences in Spain (ES) according to the Committee of the Regions 

SPAIN (ES) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

YES 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

l

e
b

- Responsibility for national mining and energetic basic legislation (Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism); 
- Planning of energy-saving and conservation; 
- Planning of energy tariff regulations; 
- Guarantee of energy supply in case of necessity; 
- Authorisation of construction, functioning, exploitation, ceasing of exploitation, dismantling and closure, as well 
as  change  of  ownership  of  nuclear  and  radioactive  infrastructures  of  first  category,  with  a  trans-regional 
character; 
- Modification of period and quantities related to the first phase of the cycle of nuclear combustible; 
-  Solving  of  files  and  subjects  related  to  mining  rights,  research  and  exploitation  of  hydrocarbons;  (State 
Secretariat for Energy) 
- Planning transport of energy; 
- Sustainable energies: development of the Plan de Acción Nacional de Energías Renovables [National Plan of 
renewable  energies  –  PANER  in  its  Spanish  abbreviation]  and  of  the  Plan  de  Acción  de  Ahorro  y  Eficiencia 
Energética [Action plan for saving and energy efficiency] each for 10 years 

- Development and implementation of national legislation; 
- Authorisation for electric infrastructures within the AC territory; 
- Authorisation for transport of energy within the AC territory; 
- Planning at autonomic level in the field of sustainable energy, energy efficiency within the frame of national 
plans. 

Provincial competences 
- Securing coordination and provision of municipal services. 
Municipal competences 
- Public lighting; 
- Planning and fostering energy efficiency at local level. 

i

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Ministry of Energy, Industry and Tourism 
i
n
m

/

i

s

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Spain’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [61] 

- Spain, International Energy Agency, Country Review 
- La energía en España Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo, Madrid, 2010. P.9 [Energy in Spain. Ministry 
of Industry, Trade and Tourism, Madrid,2010.p.9]. 
- Ley consolidada 51/1997 de 27 de noviembre del Sector Eléctrico [Law 51/1997 of 27 November 1997 on the 
electric sector with amendments]. 
- Ley consolidada 34/1998 de 7 de octubre del sector de hidrocarburos [Law 34/1998 of 7 October 1998 on the 
hydrocarbons sector with amendments]. 
- Ley 2/2011 de 4 de marzo de Economía Sostenible. [Law 2/2011 of 4 March 2011 on the sustainable economy] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Spain [62] 

190 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 81.  Energy competences in Bulgaria (BU) according to the Committee of the Regions 

BULGARIA (BU) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The central government is responsible for: 

- The overall legislation; 
- Energy forecasting and planning; 
- Formulating energy policy, control and regulation, and 
- State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission. 
- Management of mineral resources to defend national interests 
- Participation in the construction of a unified and stable European energy market. 
- Energy efficiency development. 
-  Development  of  nuclear  energy  in  accordance  with  contemporary  requirements  for  reliability,  safety  and 
efficiency. 
- Renewable Energy Action Plans 
- Monitoring frameworks and annual reporting of the Energy Sector. 
- Provides short-term, Medium Term, and Long-term forecasts of energy balances. 

l

e
v
e

l

District authorities are responsible for: 

- Electricity and gas distribution, and 
- Carrying out energy efficiency policy. 

Municipal authorities are responsible for: 

- Electricity and gas distribution; 
- Investment in local energy-generating facilities and projects, and 
- Carrying out energy efficiency policy (municipal buildings, hospitals and schools). 
- Communicate with energy providers and acquire demand analyses from providers. 
- Determine infrastructural work required related to energy projects under national programmes in their area of 
responsibility. 

l

e
b

i

/

s

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Ministry of Energy 
i
n
m

i

- Energy from Renewable Sources Act 
- Energy Act 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Bulgaria’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [63] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Bulgaria [64] 

191 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 82.  Energy competences in Croatia (HR) according to the Committee of the Regions 

CROATIA (HR) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

l

e
b

State authorities are responsible for: 

- Overall legislation and implementation of EU energy legislation at the national level; 
- Strategy of energetic development; 
- Programme of energetic development; 
- Funding; 
- Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency. 
- Energy efficiency policies and strategies. 
- Introduces and continuously upgrades functionality of the system of measurement and verification of energy 
savings (SMIV) 
- Conducts training of all users of SMIV (the first set of regional workshops is planned by the end of the year) 
- Distributes A Guide through Energy Efficiency Activities 
- Promotes energy service contracts as required by the Directive (EED 2012/27 / EU) 
- Renewable Energy Sources, 2020 Plan 

Regional authorities are responsible for: 

- Programmes for effective energy exploitation; 
- Planning and development of gas distribution system at County level; 
- Concessions for development of gas distribution system and for gas distribution activities; 
- Participation in decision-making on location and construction of new power plants, energy networks and other 
facilities; 
- Optional establishment of regional energy agencies. 

Local authorities are responsible for: 

- Programmes for effective energy exploitation; 
- Planning and development of thermal energy distribution facilities and systems; 
- Concessions for development of thermal energy distribution system and distribution of thermal energy; 
- Participation in decision-making on location and construction of new power plants, energy networks and other 
facilities; 
- Optional establishment of regional energy agencies (in cooperation with other local authorities). 

i

/

s

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency (HERA) 
i
n
m

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Croatia’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [65] 

- Law on gas market (OG: 28/13, 14/14, ). 
- Law on energy (OG: 120/12, 14/14, 95/15, 102/15,).(ceased in 2013) 
- Law on thermal energy market (OG: 80/13, 14/14, 102/14, 95/15). 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Croatia [66] 

192 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 83.  Energy competences in Cyprus (CY) according to the Committee of the Regions 

CYPRUS (CY) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
b

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The Energy Service of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism has the overall responsibility of 
Energy in Cyprus and specifically for: 
- Monitoring and coordinating the supply and availability of sufficient energy capacity for domestic needs; 
- Monitoring and participating in the formation of European policy for energy issues; 
- Suggesting ways for the implementation of the European Acquis, assisting in the preparation of laws, regulations 
and rules etc. and implementing programmes for their promotion; 
- Preparing and implementing programmes for energy conservation, the promotion of renewable energy sources 
(RES) and the developing of technologies for the utilisation of RES; 
- Assisting the government in the formation of the national energy policy for Cyprus in coordination with all other 
bodies involved. 

District authorities are responsible for: The administration and coordination of central government policies 
in the field of energy at the district level. 

Municipalities and communities have no competencies in this area. 

i

/

s

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism 
i
n
m

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Cyprus’  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [67] 

- Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus, 
- Government web Portal 
- Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism, energy service 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Cyprus [68] 

Table 84.  Energy competences in Czechia (CZ) according to the Committee of the Regions 

CZECHIA(CZ) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
b

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

e s
c
r
u
o
S

Central government is responsible for: 
- Developing the national energy policy; 
- Issuing state approval to build new source facilities in the electricity and heat sectors, and 
- Ensuring the fulfilment of obligations arising from the international agreements and treaties binding on the 
Czechia or obligations arising from membership in international organisations. 

Regional authorities are responsible for gas and electricity distribution and maintenance of energy networks. 

Local authorities are responsible for gas and electricity distribution and maintenance of energy networks. 

i

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Ministry of Industry and Trade 
i
n
m

/

i

s

Ministry of Industry and Trade 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Czechia’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [69] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Czechia  [70] 

193 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 85.  Energy competences in Denmark (DK) according to the Committee of the Regions 

DENMARK (DK) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

l

e
v
e

l

l

l

e
b

The central government is responsible for: 
- The Danish Energy Agency; 
- National and international efforts to prevent climate change; 
- Energy issues; 
- Conducting national geological surveys in Denmark and Greenland, and 
- Meteorology. 
- Windfarms 

No competencies identified at regional level. 

Municipal authorities are responsible for: 

- Energy supply, through local and regional energy companies, and 
- Energy-saving promotion and initiatives. 

i

/

s

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
The Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate 
i
n
m

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Denmark’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [71] 

e s
c
r
u
o
S

- Energy Policy in Denmark 
- Danish Energy Agency 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Denmark [72] 

Table 86.  Energy competences in Estonia (EE) according to the Committee of the Regions 

ESTONIA (EE) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

The Government is responsible for: 

-  The  elaboration  of  national  development  plans  in  the  field  of energy,  electricity  and  renewable  energy,  and 
ensuring their conformity with other national development plans; 
- Energy Security and national strategies; 
- The organisation of the financing, implementation and performance evaluation of such development plans; 
- Preparing of draft acts in the field of energy and ensuring their compliance with the Constitution and legal acts, 
as well as performance of the functions established by legal acts; 
- The organisation of international cooperation in the area of energy, including activities concerning the European 
Union. 
- Marine links between Estonia and Finland. 
- Renewable energy projects and subsidies. 
-  Managing  national  liquid  fuel  stocks  (through  Estonian  Oil  Stockpiling  Agency)  in  the  event  of  oil  supply 
disruption. 
The  Ministry  of  Environment  is  responsible  for  implementation  and  co-ordination  for  the  use  of  Oil  Shale, 
policies pertaining to the environment in the energy sector. 
The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the implementation and co-ordination of development plans for 
enhancing the use of biomass and bioenergy. 

No competencies identified at the regional level. 

Local government units can determine is areas of DH only energy areas which determine providers of district 
heating. DH energy provision is derived from centralised sites and delivered via networks. This is invoked in areas 
where there are no practical alternatives for heat supply at the local level. 
Local government units also have responsibilities in licensing and spatial planning in the electricity sector. 

194 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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b

s
e

i
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o
p
s
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R

c
r
u
o
S

i

/

s

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications 
i
n
m

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Estonia’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [73] 

Estonia, Energy Policy, IEA Publication, 2013 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Estonia [74] 

Table 87.  Energy competences in France (FR) according to the Committee of the Regions 

FRANCE (FR) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

l

e
b

The central government is responsible for: 

- The overall legislation; 
- The assessment of the needs and planning of energy capacities; 
- The follow-up of energy policy implementation; 
- Safeguard measures in case of crisis; 
- The organisation of research, and 
- The Energy Regulation Agency. 

Intermediate level - Departmental authorities are responsible for: 
- Electricity and gas distribution, and 
- Voluntary policies for renewable energy development. 
- Maîtrise de la demande d’énergie 

Municipal authorities are responsible for: Electricity and gas distribution. 

Segolene Royal give local government units access to accurate data on production and consumption of energy 
in their areas of responsibility. 

i

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
t
s
Ministry of Environmment, Energy and Marine Affairs 
i
n
m

/

i

s

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

France’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [75] 

e s
c
r
u
o
S

- Code de l'Energie [Energy Code], Articles L131-1 to L131-3, L141-1 to L144-1, and L111-51. 
- Code général des collectivités territoriales [General code of Local Authorities], Article L2224-31. 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in France [76] 

195 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 88.  Energy competences in Greece (EL) according to the Committee of the Regions 

GREECE (EL) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

Central government is responsible for: 

-  Developing  strategic  planning  about:  Exploration  and  exploitation  of  hydrocarbons;  Enhancement  of  energy 
efficiency  and  energy  saving;  Liberalisation  of  the  natural  gas  and  electricity  markets;  Monitoring  of  oil,  gas, 
electricity and coal markets. 
- Discovering, protecting and managing sustainable energy resources; 
-  Ensuring  the  adequacy  of  energy  resources  through  stocks,  international  alliances  and  alternative  energy 
resources; 
- Respecting the environment and sustainable development. 
- Improving energy efficiency and promoting energy saving; 
- Collecting and reporting official energy data to EU and international organisations through EL STAT certification.  
- Implementation of laws and regulations concerning production, installation, storage, transfer, delivery, supply 
and safety of energy (in particular oil and natural gas);  
- Planning and funding projects and actions about "Green Development"; 
- Developing policy, planning and initiatives on EU and international energy and mineral wealth affairs, as well as 
promotion of bilateral, multilateral and intergovernmental relations in these fields; 
-  Supervision  of  the  Hellenic  Hydrocarbon  Resources  Management  S.A  and  the  Centre  for  Renewable  Energy 
Sources and Energy Efficiency and the Institute for Geological and Mineral Research; 
- Developing strategic planning for mineral resources (mineral raw materials) with the constitutional principle of 
sustainable development and controlling implementation; 
- Permitting the exploitations of metallic minerals – industrial minerals, ornamental stones and high-temperature 
geothermal energy. 

Regional authorities are responsible for: 

-  The  implementation  of  programmes  that  focus  on  supporting  small  businesses,  utilising  renewable  energy 
sources such as solar, wind, geothermal energy, and monitoring development programmes and projects launched 
by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change; 
- Permitting individuals (for their own use) to install heating/cooling systems by exploiting the energy of geological 
formations or waters, not qualifying for geothermal materials; 
- Permitting individuals to construct and operate back power/energy stations as well as the resale of petroleum 
products for heating; and 
- The authorisation of installation, operation or expansion of energy/power stations. 
Minerals: 
- Establishing aggregates quarrying areas; 
- Permitting the exploitation of aggregates. 
Water: 
- Participating in inter-regional programmes in cooperation with the Directorate General for Water; 
- Monitoring activities to detect underground bodies of water and exploitation of water resources; 
- Informing the public about the protection of aquatic ecosystems; 
- Controlling the release of emissions, implementing and all necessary preventive measures against emergencies 
and imposing penalties in case of human activities resulting in water pollution; and 
- Conducting random checks. 
- Underground inland water management in collaboration with municipalities. 

Municipal authorities are responsible for: 

-  The  protection,  promotion  and  exploitation  of  local  natural  resources  and  areas  of  hot  springs  and  mild  or 
renewable energy resources as well as the  construction, maintenance and management of respective projects 
and facilities; 
- Planning, constructing, maintaining, operating and managing natural gas networks; and 
- The electrification as well as the extension of electrical networks and power networks, within their administrative 
boundaries, in order to stimulate the local economy or to foster charity. 
Minerals: Imposition of measures for the reconstruction and restoration of areas with minerals. 

Water: Underground inland water management in collaboration with regions. 

196 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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s
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s
e

i
r
t
s
Ministry of Environment and Energy 
i
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

i

.

e v
l
i
t
l
u
M

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

Greece’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [77] 

- Law 3463/2006 (OJ Α 114/30.6.2006) 'Code for Municipalities and Communities', Article 75. 

- Law 3852/2010 (OJ Α 87/7.6.2010) 'Reorganisation of Local Government - Kallikratis Programme', Articles 94 
and 186. 
-  Ministry  of  Environment,  Energy  and  Climate  Change,  according  to  Presidential  Decree  85/2012(OG 
141/21.06.2012) 
- Statute Law 3175/2003(OJ A 207/29.8.2003. 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Greece [78] 

Table 89.  Energy competences in Hungary (HU) according to the Committee of the Regions 

HUNGARY (HU) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

The Ministry of National Development State Secretariat for climate and energy policy is responsible for: 

-  The  development  of  a  long-term  energy  strategy,  including  the  National  Energy  Strategy  2030,  as  well  as 
sectoral energy strategies; 
- Action plans, policies and legislation; 

- Energy efficiency programmes; 

- Sustainable economic development. 

- Policy development; 

- Research and development; 
- Cooperation with the Minister of National Development. 

- Sustainable energy development policies. 

-  Control  of  limited  geological  fuel  resources,  including  ownership  of  mineral  resources  (particularly  coal  and 
uranium) as strategic resources. 
The Hungarian Energy Office (MEH) is the Government agency in charge of the regulation of the electricity and 
gas sectors. 
The Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (HAEA) is responsible for: 
- Regulating, licensing, inspecting and enforcing nuclear safety; 

- Safeguarding accountancy for and control of nuclear materials; 

- Registration of radioactive materials and approval of their transport and packaging; 

- Policy-making support with regard to nuclear safety; 

- International relations; 

- Research and development; 

- Fulfilment of international conventions’ requirements; 

- Nuclear emergency preparedness, source term assessment, notification; 

- Public information. 

The  Atomic  Energy  Coordination  Council  (AECC)  is  responsible  for:  coordination  and  harmonisation  of  the 
ministerial and central administrative organisations activities in the field of safe use of nuclear energy, nuclear 
safety and radiation protection. 

Other than facilitating national policies and ensuring maintenance of energy networks in areas of responsibility, 
no competencies identified at the regional level. 

Local authorities are responsible for: 
- Participating in the local supply of energy; 

- District heat supply. 

i

/

s
e

i
r
t
s
i
Ministry of National Development State Secretariat 
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Hungary’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [79] 

l

e
v
e

l

l

l

e
b

i

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

s
n
o
p
s
e
R

197 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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S

- National Energy Strategy, 2030, Ministry of National Development, Hungary 
- An Energy overview of the Republic of Hungary, Department of Energy, USA 
- Act 74 on Electricity 2007 (Hungarian) 
- Enercee.net portal, Energy Country Profiles / Hungary 
- 2011. évi CLXXXIX. törvény Magyarország helyi önkormányzatairól [Local Self-Government Act No. CLXXXIX of 
28.12.2011] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Hungary [80] 

Table 90.  Energy competences in Ireland (IE) according to the Committee of the Regions 

IRELAND (IE) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

i

o
g
e
R

l

e
v
e

l

l

l

a
c
o
L
e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

l

a
n

i

s
e
d
o
b

/

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m

i

- Electricity and gas policy; 
- Electricity and gas regulation; 
- Energy efficiency; 
- Energy poverty; 
- Oil security; 
- Corporate governance of state energy companies North-South energy cooperation; 
- Peat; 
- Energy research; 
- Implementing energy policy 

l

e
v
e

l

No regional competences 

- Delivering energy efficiency solutions; 
- Stimulating the increased uptake of renewable energy sources; 
- Promoting clean and sustainable transport. 

-  Department  of  Communications,  Energy  and 
Natural resources 
-  Agencies  and  Semi-state  bodies,  namely,  the 
Electricity  Supply  Board,  The  Irish  Gas  Board,  the 
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, the Bord na 
Móna plc and Eir Grid). (Some of those agencies have 
a regional office.) 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Ireland’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [81] 

- Constitution of Ireland – BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN 
- Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government 
- Department of Communications, Energy and Natural resources 
- Local Government Act 1991 (Regional Assemblies) (Establishment) Order 2014 (SI 573 of 2014) 
- Local Government Act, 2001, Number 37 of 2001 
- Public Service Information – Citizens Information 
- The Irish Regions – Brussels Office Website 
- The Association of Irish Energy Agencies webpage 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Ireland [82] 

198 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 91.  Energy competences in Latvia (LV) according to the Committee of the Regions 

LATVIA (LV) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
v
e

l

l

l

e
v
e

l

The Ministry of Economics is responsible for: 

- Energy policy is part of the national economy policy; 
- Ensures efficient, safe and qualitative energy supply; 
- Promotes efficient use and balanced consumption of energy; 
- Promote economically justified competition; 
- Facilitates the use of local, renewable and secondary energy resources; and 
- Promotes the use of environmentally friendly technologies. 

No regional competences 

Local authorities are responsible for: Street lighting. 

l

e
b
i
s

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o
p
s
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R
e s
c
r
u
o
S

i

/

s
e

i
r
t
s
Ministry of Economics 
i
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

i

- Energy Law 
- Ministry of Economics 

.

e v
l
i
t
l
u
M

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

Latvia’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [83] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Latvia [84] 

Table 92.  Energy competences in Lithuania (LT) according to the Committee of the Regions 

LITHUANIA (LT) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
v
e

l

l

a

l

e
b
i
s

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

i

n
o
g
e
R

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The  central  Government  is  responsible  for  the  overall  responsibility  for  energy  policy.  The  long-term  of the 
energy policy is laid down in the National Energy Strategy. 

No regional competences 

Local authorities are responsible for: 

- The organisation of supply of heat and drinking water; and 
- Making arrangements for the lighting of the territories used for public needs. 

i

/

s
e

i
r
t
s
Ministry of Energy 
i
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

i

- Law on Local Self-Government 
- Law on Energy 
- National Energy Strategy 

.

e v
l
i
t
l
u
M

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

Lithuania’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [85] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Lithuania [86] 

199 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 93.  Energy competences in Luxembourg (LU) according to the Committee of the Regions 

LUXEMBOURG (LU) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

i

n
o
g
e
R

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

l

e
v
e

l

l

a

l

e
v
e

l

/

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m

i

The Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Economy, Directorate General 
Energy are responsible for: 
- The promotion of renewable energies; 
- Energie agency; 
- Financial aid for the use of renewable energies, and 
- The promotion of rational use of energy. 
The Economic interest grouping MyEnergy is in charge of information and counsel relating to  energy efficiency 
and renewable energy sources. 

No regional competences 

Local authorities – municipalities: Municipalities may benefit from the financial aid for the use of renewable 
energies and the promotion of rational use of energy. 

i

s
e
d
o
- Ministry of Sustainable Development 
b
- Ministry of Economy, Directorate General Energy 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Luxembourg’s  multilevel  governance  system 
can be consulted here [87] 

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

-  Arrêté  grand-ducal  du  23  décembre  2013  portant  constitution  des  Ministères  [Grand  ducal  decree  on  the 
establishement of ministries of 23 Dicember 2013] (Mém. A – 226 of 27 Dicember 2013, p.4228). 
-  MyEnergy  Luxembourg  portal,  no  information  as  to  when  it  was  lastly  updated  ©  1015    (Last 
consultation:18.08.2015). 
- Environment Portal, Les énergies renouvelables, updated on 05.03.2014, (Last consultation:18.08.2016). 
-  Code  Comunal  [Municipal  Act] (Dernière mise  à  jour  au  30  juin  2016  (Mémorial  A  -  111). (Last  consultation 
18.08.2016) 
- Règlement grand-ducal du 20 avril 2009 instituant un régime d'aides pour la promotion de l'utilisation rationnelle 
de l'énergie et la mise en valeur des énergies renouvelables [Grand Ducal Regulation on the establishment of 
financial aids for the use of renewable energies and the promotion of energies' rational use] (Mém. A –– 83 of 28 
April 2009, p. 979), (Last consultation: 08.02.2012). 
Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Luxembourg [88] 

Table 94.  Energy competences in Malta (MT) according to the Committee of the Regions 

MALTA (MT) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
v
e

l

The Malta Resources Authority and the Sustainable Energy and Water Conservation Unit is responsible for: 
- Sustainable energy policy and legislation; 
- Energy supply; 
- Energy efficiency; 
- Energy labelling; 
- Importation, storage and sale; 
- Promotion of renewable resources; 
- Energy sector licenses. 
- Has regulatory responsibilities relating to energy. 

No regional level competences 

The Local Councils are responsible for adopting measures to ensure the more efficient use of energy. 

200 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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S

i

s
s
e
- Malta Resources Authority 
e
i
r
d
t
o
s
-  The  Sustainable  Energy  and  Water  Conservation 
b
i
n
Unit 
m

/

i

- Constitution of Malta, 21 September 1964 
- Local Councils Act, 23 July 1993 
- Regional Committees Regulation, 5 August 2011 
- Malta Resources Authority 
- The Sustainable Energy and Water Conservation Unit 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Malta’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [89] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Malta [90] 

Table 95.  Energy competences in Poland (PL) according to the Committee of the Regions 

POLAND (PL) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

The Ministry of Development is responsible for: 

- The overall energy policy; 
- Improving energy efficiency; 
- Increasing supply security; 
- Developing competitive fuels and energy markets; 
- Introducing nuclear powers; 
- Increasing use of renewable energies; 
- Reducing the energy impact on the environment; 
- Defining priorities in Poland's Energy Policy until 2030; 
- Implementing tasks to shape the energy policy and regulatory environment; 
- Coordinating the energy policy; 
- Energy carrier diversification and energy source diversification. 
The Ministry of Treasury is in charge of: restructuring of public energy companies. 

The Ministry of the Environment is responsible for: 
- Creating and implementing Poland's climate policy; 
- Creating inventories of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks; 
- Reporting and verification. 
The Ministry of Finance is in charge of: 

- Regulating end-use energy prices; 
- Providing funds for state energy enterprises. 
The Polish National Energy Conservation Agency is responsible for: 
- Linking governmental and non-governmental organisations with regulatory bodies, the energy distribution sector 
and end-users; 
- Developing governmental, regional, local and individual initiatives on energy efficiency and renewable sources 
use; 
The Energy Regulatory Office (an independent regulatory authority) is in charge of: 

- Coordinating the energy sector and its prices; 
- Issuing operating licenses; 
- Monitoring developments in prices and tariffs; 
- Promoting energy efficiency. 
The National Atomic Energy Agency is the regulatory authority in charge of atomic energy issues. 

Regions are responsible for: 

- Testing compliance of energy and fuel supply with the state energy policy; 
- Promoting and disseminating knowledge about the future directions of energy policy in the Region. 

Local authorities are responsible for: 

- Electricity, gas and heat supply. 
- Planning and organising activities aimed at achieving energy efficiency, as well as promoting the reduction of 
energy consumption. 

l

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v
e

l

l

a
n
o
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R

i

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v
e

l

l

a
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o
L

201 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i

s
e
d
o
b

/

i

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e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m
e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

l

- Ministry of Development 
- Ministry of Finance 
- Ministry of Treasury 
- Energy Regulatory Office 
- National Atomic Energy Agency 
- Ministry of Environment 
- Polish National Energy Conservation Agency 
- Regional authorities (Voivodships) 
- County (powiat)  
- Local authorities (Gmina) 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Poland’s  multilevel  governance  system  can  be 
consulted here [91] 

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

- Enercee.net portal 
- Energy Regulatory Office 
- Ministry of Development 
- Ministry of Finance 
- Ministry of Environment 
- Ministry of Treasury 
- National Atomic Energy Agency 
- Energy Act and 2014 amendments [Ustawa z dnia 10 kwietnia 1997 r. Prawo energetyczne (Dz. U. z 2012 r. poz. 
1059] 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Poland [92] 

Table 96.  Energy competences in Romania (RO) according to the Committee of the Regions 

ROMANIA (RO) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
b

i

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

s
n
o
p
s
e
R

Central government is responsible for: 

- Provision and implementation of strategy programmes to increase mineral resources; 
- Development of the regulatory and institutional framework necessary for achieving the strategic objectives in 
the  following  areas:  energy  conservation,  recovery  facilities,  recycling  and  waste  management,  and,  where 
appropriate, privatisation of companies; 
- Managing the international relations in the field of energy; 
- Application of the Treaty of Accession of Romania to the EU in the field of energy; 
- Ensuring the uniform application and the compliance of the activities with regulations in the field and the proper 
functioning of the institutions operating under its authority; 
- Public administration of: mineral resources, transport, energy production and distribution, transport and oil and 
gas storage, 
- Management of EU funding in areas under its responsibility, 
- Two Nuclear Power Stations 

The County Council provides, according to its competences and according to the law, the framework for ensuring 
public services of county interest regarding community services of public utility of county and gas supply. 

The Towns and Communes are responsible for: 

-  Shared  competencies  between  Municipalities,  Towns  and  Communes  and  the  central  public  administration 
authorities (Article 24 of Framework Law n°195/2006 on decentralisation): 
- Network of supply of heat produced by centralised systems. 
n
r
e
v
o
g

Romania’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [93] 

i
r
t
s
i
Ministry of Energy 
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

v
e

s
e

/

i

i

.

.

l
i
t
l
u
M

202 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

- Constitution of Romania of 8 December 1991 amended, published in the Romanian Official Gazette Monitorul 
Oficial al României, Part I, no. 233 of 21 November 1991. 
-  Decision  no.  1634  of  December  29,  2009,  on  the  organisation  and  functioning  of  the  Framework  Law  no. 
195/2006 on decentralisation, published in the Monitorul Oficial al României, Part I, no. 453 of 25 May 2006, 
revised. 
- Ministry of Economy, Trade and Business Environment 
- Law N°215/2001 of Local Public Administration, published in the Monitorul Oficial al României, Part I, no. 204 
of 23 April 2001, as subsequently amended; last modified February 2007. 
- Law no. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania, published in the Monitorul Oficial al României, Part I, 
no. 577 of 29 June 2004, revised. 
- Law no. 340/2004 on the institution of the prefect, the consolidated version published in the Monitorul Oficial 
al României, Part I, no. 225 of 24 March 2008 revised. 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Romania [94] 

Table 97.  Energy competences in Slovakia (SK) according to the Committee of the Regions 

SLOVAKIA (SK) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a

l

e
v
e

l

l

e
b

i

n
o
g
e
R

l

a
c
o
L

i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The central government is responsible for the overall policy and legislation in the field of: 

- Electricity industry; 
- Heating industry; 
-  Improving  the  thermal  performance  of  buildings  through  Government  insulation  schemes  and  subsidies  for 
systemic defects. 
- Gas industry; 
- Electricity and gas market liberalisation and power industry restructuring; 
- The production and transport of oil; 
- Coal production: 
- The use of renewable energy sources; 
- The diversification of energy sources; 
- Energy supply, including potential State of emergency; 
- The rationalisation of fuel and energy consumption, and 
- Atomic waste disposal. 
- Measures for increased energy efficiency in industrial production. 

- Apply legislative measures at regional level. 
- Implement measures according to the Energy Efficiency Action Plan, 2014-2016. 

- Apply legislative measures at municipal level. 
- Implement measures according to the Energy Efficiency Action Plan, 2014-2016. 

i

/

s

s
e
d
o
b

e
i
r
Ministry  of  the  Economy  of  the  Slovak  Republic 
t
s
i
n
through Slovak Innovatino and Energy Agency. 
m

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Slovakia’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [95] 

- National Council of the Slovak Republic Act No.221/1996 on the Slovak Republic Territorial and Administrative 
Organisation, last amendment 453/2001. 
- National Council of the Slovak Republic Act No.222/1996 on the Organisation of Local State Administration, last 
amendment 525/2003. 
- National Council of the Slovak Republic Act No.302/2001 on the Government of higher territorial units (Law on 
the region), last amendment 445/2008. 
-  National  Council  of  the  Slovak  Republic  Act  No.416/2001  on  the  transfer  of  some  competences  from  State 
administration to Municipalities and higher territorial units, last amendment 103/2003. 
- Slovak National Council Act No. 369/1990 on Municipalities, last amendment 204/2010. 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Slovakia [96] 

203 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 98.  Energy competences in Slovenia (SL) according to the Committee of the Regions 

SLOVENIA (SL) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a

l

e
b
i
s

i

n
o
g
e
R

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

n
o
p
s
e
R
s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The Ministry of Infrastructure, Energy Directorate is responsible for: 
- Drawing up energy policy and legislation;
- Preparation  and  implementation  of  national  energy  policy  (energy  generation  and  processing,  production,
transfer, distribution and supply, efficient use and renewable sources of energy for heating and transport;
- management  of  the  energy  sector  database  information  system  for  the  needs  of  the  sectoral  ministry  and
elaboration of economic analyses for the energy sector
- Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and measures for higher energy efficiency;
- Granting mining rights for research and exploitation of all types of mineral resources;
- Co-operation within bilateral and multilateral regional energy frameworks.

No regional energy competence is identified. 

Local authorities are responsible for: 
- Provide for the construction and maintenance of municipal energy supply;
- Regulating and maintaining power supply facilities.

/

s
e

r
t
s
i
Ministry of Infrastructure, Energy Directorate 
n
m

s
e
d
o
b

i

i

i

.

e v
l
i
t
l
u
M

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

Slovenia’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [97] 

- Ministry of Infrastructure, Energy Directorate
- The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 33/91-I, 42/97,
66/2000, 24/03, 69/04, 68/06, 47/13 and 75/16)
- Local Self-Government Act (Official Gazette RS, Nos. 94/07 – official consolidated text, 76/08, 79/09, 51/10,
40/12 – ZUJF, 14/15 – ZUUJFO, 11/18 – ZSPDSLS-1, 30/18 and 61/20 – ZIUZEOP-A)

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Slovenia [98] 

Table 99.  Energy competences in Sweden (SE) according to the Committee of the Regions 

SWEDEN (SE) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

i

l

n a
o
g
e
R

l

a
c
o
L

l

e
v
e

l

l e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

The central government is responsible for: 
- The security of supply;
- Reliable electricity transmission;
- Renewable energy;
- Wind power;
- Electricity certificates, and
- Improved energy efficiency.

l

e
v
e

The County Administrative Board has responsibility in the field of energy. 

l

Municipalities may act in the energy area on a voluntary basis 

/

i

s
e
d
o
b

s
e
- Ministry for the Environment and Energy
i
r
t
s
- The Swedish Energy Agency
i
n
m

i

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

Sweden’s multilevel governance system can be 
consulted here [99] 

Kommunallag  (2017:725)  [Local  Government  Act].  Entered  into  force  1  January  2018,  Amended  through  SFS 
2019:835. 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in Sweden [100] 

204 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 100.  Energy competences in The Netherlands (NL) according to the Committee of the Regions 

THE NETHERLANDS (NL) 

Legislative powers at the sub-national level 

NO 

Description of competences 

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
r
t
n
e
C

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
n
o
g
e
R

i

l

e
v
e

l

l

a
c
o
L

The Ministry of Economic Affairs is responsible for: 
- Developing Dutch energy policy, including policies for renewable energy, energy transition, energy efficiency and 
bio-based economy, and research, development and demonstration; 
-  Acting  as  the  lead  authority  for  the  State  Co-ordination  Programme  for  the  planning  of  large-scale  energy 
infrastructure projects 
- General energy targets (CO2 reduction strategy) and policies. 
- Nuclear energy. 
- Coordinating role on energy production for windmill parks above 100MW. 
- Providing subsidies for alternative energy sources. 
-  promoting  new,  sustainable  growth  and  technologies  in  the  energy  sector  (the  National  Energy  Accord  for 
Sustainable Growth signed in 2013) 
- promoting the generation of electricity from renewable sources through grants, tax deductions and tax savings 
The Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment is responsible for energy efficiency in transport policy, 

The Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations is responsible for energy efficiency in buildings. 

The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (authority under the Ministry of Economic Affairs) 
has regulatory powers to supervise electricity and natural gas markets as well as district heating markets 

Regional authorities have relatively extensive competencies and are responsible for: 

- Installing or expanding energy production installations between 5MW and 100MW. 
- Ensuring compliance comply with environmental and safety requirements; 
-  Promoting  renewable  energy  for  the  regional  economy  (provinces  signed  the  National  Energy  Accord  for 
Sustainable Growth signed in 2013) 
- Providing subsidies for alternative energy sources 

Local authorities are responsible for: 

- Determining the policy regarding public illumination; 
- Responsible for the maintenance of the electricity cables; 
- Providing subsidies for alternative energy sources. 
Provinces and municipalities are not permitted to restrict the generation, transport and delivery of energy. 

l

e
b
i
s
n
o
p
s
e
R

/

s
e
i
r
t
s
i
n
m

i

i

s
e
- Ministry of Economic Affairs 
d
o
- Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment 
b
- Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations 
- Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets 

.

n
r
e
v
o
g

.

v
e

l
i
t
l
u
M

The Netherlands’ multilevel governance system 
can be consulted here [101] 

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

- Electricity law -Electriciteitswet 1998 as amended to 01-07-2016 
- Government in Netherlands, Energy Policy 
- IEA, 2014, The Netherlands Energy Policy Review 
- IPO (Interprovinciaal Overleg) 
- Rijksoverheid 
- Ministry of Economic Affairs 
- Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment 
- Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets 
- Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations 
- VNG (Vereniging Van Nederlandse Gemeenten), Beleid openbare verlichting 2011 – 2020: Gemeente Uithoorn 
- SER, 2013 Summary of the Energy agreement for Sustainable Growth 

Source: Committee of the Regions, Energy competences in The Netherlands [102] 

205 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 2. Eurostat regional data 

The following Table 101 complements what was exposed in section 3.1.1.1 on Eurostat data by providing direct 
access to the available datasets and identifying the codes of the indicators for an easy search within Eurostat 
and the NUTS level they correspond to. 

Table 101.  Eurostat regional data by NUTS level 

reg_agr 

reg_aei 

aei_pr_soiler 

aei_fm_ms 

reg_ef 

1. REGIONAL AGRICULTURE STATISTICS 

1.1 Agri-environmental indicators 

Estimated  soil  erosion  by  water,  by  erosion  level,  land  cover  and  NUTS  3  regions 
(source: JRC)  

Manure storage facilities by NUTS 3 regions  

1.2 Structure of agricultural holdings 

NUTS 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

reg_ef_2010 

1.2.1 Structure of agricultural holdings 2010 

reg_ef_kv 

1.2.1.1 Key farm variables 

ef_kvaareg 

ef_kvecsleg 

ef_kvftreg 

Key farm variables: area, livestock (LSU), labour force and standard output (SO) by 
agricultural size of farm (UAA), legal status of holding and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

Key  variables:  area,  livestock  (LSU),  labour  force  and  standard  output  (SO)  by 
economic size of farm (SO in Euro), legal status of holding and NUTS 2 regions 

NUTS 2 

Key variables: area, livestock (LSU), labour force and standard output (SO) by type of 
farming (2-digit) and NUTS 2 regions 

NUTS 2 

reg_ef_po 

1.2.1.2 Farm land use - Permanent crops, other farmland, irrigation 

ef_oluaareg 

ef_oluecsreg 

ef_popermreg 

ef_poirrig 

Land use: number of farms and areas of different crops by agricultural  size of farm 
(UAA) and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

Land use: number of farms and areas of different crops by economic size of farm (SO 
in Euro) and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

Permanent  crops:  number  of  farms  and  areas  by  size  of  permanent  crop  area  and 
NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

Irrigation: number of farms, areas and equipment by size of irrigated area and NUTS 2 
regions  

NUTS 2 

reg_ef_ols 

1.2.1.3 Overview - farm livestock 

ef_olsaareg 

ef_olslsureg 

ef_olsecsreg 

Livestock: number of farms and heads of animals of different types by agricultural 
size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

Livestock: number of farms and heads of animals by livestock units (LSU) of farm and 
NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

Livestock: number of farms and heads of animals by economic size of farm (SO in Euro) 
and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

reg_ef_molf 

1.2.1.4 Farm labour force and management 

ef_olfreg 

Labour force: number of persons and farm work (AWU) by sex of workers and NUTS 2 
regions  

ef_mporganic 

types of animals by agricultural size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 regions  

ef_mptenure 

ef_mptenurecs 

reg_ef_h 

reg_ef_ov 

ef_ov_kvaa 

Type of tenure: number of farms and areas by agricultural size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 
2 regions  

Type of tenure: number of farms and areas by economic size of farm (SO in Euro) and 
NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

1.2.2 Structure of agricultural holdings - historical data (1990 - 2007) 

1.2.2.1 Overview of agricultural holdings 

Key variables by legal status of holding, size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

ef_ov_kvftreg 

Key variables by type of farming (2-digit) and NUTS 2 regions  

reg_ef_lu 

1.2.2.2 Land use 

ef_lu_ovcropaa 

Farmland: number of farms and areas by size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

206 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

ef_lu_ovcropesu 

Farmland:  number  of  farms  and  areas  by  economic  size  of  farm  (ESU)  and  NUTS  2 
regions  

NUTS 2 

ef_lu_pcreg 

ef_lu_ofirrig 

Permanent crops: number of farms and areas by size of farm (UAA), size of permanent 
crop area and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

 Irrigation: number of farms, areas and equipment by size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 
regions  

NUTS 2 

reg_ef_ls 

1.2.2.3 Livestock 

ef_ls_ovaareg 

Livestock: number of farms and heads by size of farm (UAA) and NUTS 2 regions   

NUTS 2 

ef_ls_ovlsureg 

Livestock:  number  of  farms  and  heads  by  livestock  units  (LSU)  of  farm  and  NUTS  2 
regions  

NUTS 2 

Livestock:  number  of  farms  and  heads  by  economic  size  of  farm  (ESU)  and  NUTS  2 
regions  

NUTS 2 

ef_ls_ovesu 

reg_ef_so 

ef_r_nuts 

reg_apro 

agr_r_accts 

reg_dem 

1,2.2.4 Special interest topics 

 Structure of agricultural holdings by NUTS 3 regions - main indicators 

1.2.3 Agricultural production 

Economic accounts for agriculture by NUTS 2 regions  

2. REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS 

reg_dempoar 

2.1 Population and area 

demo_r_d2jan 

Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_d3area 

Area by NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_d3dens 

Population density by NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_pjangroup 

Population on 1 January by age group, sex and NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_pjangrp3 

Population on 1 January by age group, sex and NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_pjanaggr3 

Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_pjanind2 

Population: Structure indicators by NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_pjanind3 

Population: Structure indicators by NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_gind3 

Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at regional level (NUTS 3)   NUTS 3 

reg_demfer 

2.2 Fertility 

demo_r_births 

Live births (total) by NUTS 3 region 

demo_r_fagec3 

Live births by age group of the mothers and NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_fagec 

Live births by mother's age and NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_frate2 

Fertility rates by age and NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_find2 

demo_r_find3 

Fertility indicators by NUTS 2 region  

 Fertility indicators by NUTS 3 region  

reg_demmor 

2.3 Mortality 

demo_r_deaths 

Deaths (total) by NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_mweek3 

Deaths by age group, sex, week and NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_magec3 

Deaths by age group, sex and NUTS 3 region  

demo_r_magec 

Deaths by age, sex and NUTS 2 region 

demo_r_minf 

Infant mortality by NUTS 2 region 

demo_r_minfind 

Infant mortality rates by NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_mlife 

Life table by NUTS 2 region  

demo_r_mlifexp 

Life expectancy by age, sex and NUTS 2 region  

reg_cens_11r 

2.4 Census 2011  round 

cens_11rdp2 

2.4.1 Data on persons 

cens_11rstr 

2.4.1.1 Population structure 

207 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cens_11ag_r3 

 Population by single year of age and NUTS 3 region  

cens_11rfc 

2.4.1.2 Population by family characteristics 

cens_11ms_r3 

Population by marital status and NUTS 3 region  

cens_11fs_r3 

Population by family status and NUTS 3 region  

cens_11rec 

2.4.1.3 Population by employment characteristics 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

cens_11aed_r2 

Population by current activity status, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 region   NUTS 2 

cens_11ao_r2 

cens_11an_r2 

Population by current activity status, occupation and NUTS 2 region  

Population by current activity status, NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 2 region  

cens_11empo_r2 

Population by status in employment, occupation and NUTS 2 region  

cens_11empn_r2 

Population by status in employment, NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 2 region  

cens_11rmc2 

2.4.1.4 Population by migration characteristics 

cens_11ctzo_r2 

Population by group of citizenship, occupation and NUTS 2 region   

cens_11cobe_r2 

Population  by  group  of  country  of  birth,  educational  attainment  level  and  NUTS  2 
region  

cens_11coba_r2 

Population by group of country of birth, current activity status and NUTS 2 region  

cens_11cobo_r2 

 Population by group of country of birth, occupation and NUTS 2 region   

cens_11arco_r2 

Population by period of arrival in the country, country of birth and NUTS 2 region  

reg_cens_01r 

2.5 Census 2001  round 

cens_01rstr 

2.5.1 Population structure 

cens_01rsctz 

Population by sex, citizenship and NUTS 3 regions  

cens_01ract 

2.5.2 Active population 

cens_01rapop 

Population by sex, age group, current activity status and NUTS 3 regions  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

cens_01ramigr 

cens_01ractz 

Total and active population by sex, age, employment status, residence one year prior 
to the census and NUTS 3 regions  

Employed persons aged 15 and over by sex, citizenship, economic activity (NACE Rev. 
1), status in employment and NUTS 3 regions  

NUTS 3 

cens_01redu 

2.5.3 Educational attainment level 

cens_01reisco 

cens_01rews 

Employed persons by sex, age group, educational attainment level, occupation (ISCO-
88) and NUTS 3 regions  

NUTS 3 

Population by sex, age group, educational attainment level, current activity status and 
NUTS 3 regions  

NUTS 3 

cens_01rhou 

2.5.4 Households 

cens_01rhtype 

cens_01rhsize 

cens_01rheco 

Population by sex, age group, household status and NUTS 3 regions  

Population by sex, age group, size of household and NUTS 3 regions  

Private households by composition, size and NUTS 3 regions  

cens_01rhagchi 

Private households by composition, age group of children and NUTS 3 regions  

cens_01rdws 

2.5.5 Dwellings 

cens_01rdhh 

Dwellings by type of housing, building and NUTS 3 regions  

cens_01rdbuild 

Persons by type of building and NUTS 3 regions   

reg_eco10 

3. REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 

reg_eco10gdp 

3.1 Gross domestic product indicators 

nama_10r_2gdp 

Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 2 regions  

nama_10r_3popgdp 

Average annual population to calculate regional GDP data (thousand persons) by NUTS 
3 regions  

nama_10r_3gdp 

Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions  

nama_10r_2gvagr 

Real growth rate of regional gross value added (GVA) at basic prices by NUTS 2 regions 
- percentage change on previous year  

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

208 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
reg_eco10brch 

3.2 Branch and household accounts 

nama_10r_3gva 

Gross value added at basic prices by NUTS 3 regions  

nama_10r_2gfcf 

Gross fixed capital formation by NUTS 2 regions  

nama_10r_2coe 

Compensation of employees by NUTS 2 regions  

nama_10r_3empers  Employment (thousand persons) by NUTS 3 regions  

nama_10r_2emhrw 

Employment (thousand hours worked) by NUTS 2 regions  

nama_10r_2hhinc 

 Income of households by NUTS 2 regions  

reg_educ 

4. REGIONAL EDUCATION STATISTICS 

reg_educ_11 

4.1 Regional education statistics - ISCED 2011 

educ_uoe_enrp03 

Pupils enrolled in early childhood education by sex and NUTS2 regions  

educ_uoe_enrp06 

Pupils enrolled in primary education by sex and NUTS2 regions  

educ_uoe_enrs03 

Pupils  enrolled  in  lower-secondary  education  by  programme  orientation,  sex  and 
NUTS2 regions  

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

educ_uoe_enrs06 

Pupils  enrolled  in  upper  secondary  education  by  programme  orientation,  sex  and 
NUTS2 regions  

NUTS 2 

educ_uoe_enrs09 

Pupils enrolled in post-secondary non-tertiary education by programme orientation, 
sex and NUTS2 regions  

NUTS 2 

educ_uoe_enrt05 

Ratio of the proportion of tertiary students over the propotion of the population by 
NUTS1 and NUTS2 regions  

NUTS 2 

educ_uoe_enrt06 

Students enrolled in tertiary education by education level, programme orientation, sex 
and NUTS2 regions  

educ_uoe_enra11 

Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and NUTS2 regions  

educ_uoe_enra12 

Pupils and students enrolled by sex, age and NUTS2 regions  

educ_uoe_enra13 

Distribution of pupils and students enrolled in general and vocational programmes by 
education level and NUTS2 regions  

educ_uoe_enra14 

Participation rates of selected age groups in education at regional level   

educ_uoe_enra15 

Participation rates in selected education levels at regional level   

reg_educ_97 

4.2 Regional education statistics - ISCED 1997 

educ_renrlrg1 

educ_renrlrg3 

educ_regind 

trng_lfse_04 

edat_lfse_04 

edat_lfse_12 

edat_lfse_16 

edat_lfse_22 

edat_lfse_33 

reg_sct 

reg_rd 

Students by level of education, orientation, sex and NUTS 2 regions  

Students by age, sex and NUTS 2 regions  

Education indicators by NUTS 2 regions  

Participation rate in education and training (last 4 weeks) by NUTS 2 regions   

Population aged 25-64 by educational attainment level, sex and NUTS 2 regions (%)   

Population aged 30-34 by educational attainment level, sex and NUTS 2 regions (%)   

Early leavers from education and training by sex and NUTS 2 regions  

Young people neither in employment nor in education and training by sex and NUTS 2 
regions (NEET rates)   

Employment rates of young people not in education and training by sex, educational 
attainment level, years since completion of highest  level of education and NUTS 2 
regions 

5. REGIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS 

5.1 R&D expenditure and personnel 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

rd_e_gerdreg 

Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sectors of performance and NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

rd_p_persreg 

Total  R&D  personnel  and  researchers  by  sectors  of  performance,  sex  and  NUTS  2 
regions  

NUTS 2 

reg_htec 

5.2 Employment in high technology sectors 

htec_emp_reg 

Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors by NUTS 2 regions and 
sex (1994-2008, NACE Rev. 1.1)  

NUTS 2 

209 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
htec_emp_reg2 

htec_emp_risco 

Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors by NUTS 2 regions and 
sex (from 2008 onwards, NACE Rev. 2)  

NUTS 2 

Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors by NUTS 1 regions and 
type of occupation (1994-2008, NACE Rev. 1.1)  

NUTS 1 

htec_emp_risco2 

Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors by NUTS 1 regions and 
type of occupation (from 2008 onwards, NACE Rev. 2)  

NUTS 1 

htec_emp_risced 

Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors by NUTS 1 regions and 
level of education (1994-2008, NACE Rev. 1.1)  

NUTS 1 

htec_emp_risced2 

Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors by NUTS 1 regions and 
level of education (from 2008 onwards, NACE Rev. 2)  

NUTS 1 

reg_hrst 

hrst_st_rcat 

hrst_st_rsex 

hrst_st_rage 

hrst_st_rsec 

hrst_st_rsec2 

reg_ipr 

reg_pat 

5.3 Human resources in Science and Technology (HRST) 

HRST by category and NUTS 2 regions  

HRST by category, sex and NUTS 1 regions  

HRST by category, age and NUTS 1 regions  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

Employed HRST by category, NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and NUTS 1 regions (1994 - 2007)  NUTS 1 

Employed  HRST  by  category,  NACE  Rev.  2  activity  and  NUTS  1  regions  (from  2008 
onwards)  

NUTS 1 

5.4 Intellectual property rights 

5.4.1 Patent 

pat_ep_rtot 

Patent applications to the EPO by priority year by NUTS 3 regions  

pat_ep_ripc 

pat_ep_rtec 

reg_ipr_t 

ipr_ta_reg 

ipr_ta_gdpr 

ipr_ta_popr 

reg_ipr_d 

ipr_da_reg 

ipr_da_gdpr 

ipr_da_popr 

ipr_dfa_reg 

ipr_dr_reg 

reg_sbs 

Patent applications to the EPO by priority year by NUTS 3 regions, international patent 
classification (IPC) sections and classes  

High-tech patent applications to the EPO by priority year by NUTS 3 regions  

5.4.2 Community trade marks (CTM) 

European Union trade mark (EUTM) applications by NUTS 3 regions   

European Union trade mark (EUTM) applications per billion GDP by NUTS 3 regions  

European  Union  trade  mark  (EUTM)  applications  per  million  population  by  NUTS  3 
regions  

5.4.3 Community design (CD) 

Community design (CD) applications by NUTS 3 regions  

Community design (CD) applications per billion GDP by NUTS 3 regions  

Community design (CD) applications per million population by NUTS 3 regions  

Community designs (CD) by NUTS 3 regions  

Registered Community designs (RCD) by NUTS 3 regions  

6. REGIONAL STRUCTURAL BUSINESS STATISTICS 

sbs_r_nuts06_r2 

SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards)  

sbs_r_3k_my_r2 

Multiannual statistics for distributive trades (NACE Rev. 2, G) by NUTS 2 regions  

sbs_r_nuts03 

sbs_cre_rreg 

sbs_r_3f_my 

SBS data by NUTS 2 regions (NUTS 2006) and NACE Rev. 1.1 (1995-2007) 

Number of local units, persons employed and wages and salaries by NUTS 2 regions  

Multi yearly statistics by NUTS 2 regions (NUTS 2006) (sbs_r_3f_my)   

reg_bd 

7. REGIONAL BUSINESS DEMOGRAPHY 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

bd_hgnace2_r3 

Business demography and high growth enterprise by NACE Rev. 2 and NUTS 3 regions   NUTS 3 

bd_size_r3 

Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 regions  

bd_enace2_r3 

Employer business demography by NACE Rev. 2 and NUTS 3 regions  

bd_esize_r3 

reg_hlth 

Employer business demography by size class and NUTS 3 regions  

8. REGIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS 

reg_hlth_cdeath 

8.1 Causes of death 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

210 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
NUTS 2 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 2 

hlth_cd_acdr2 

Causes of death - crude death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence  

hlth_cd_anr 

Causes of death - absolute number - annual data  

hlth_cd_acdr 

hlth_cd_ysdr1 

hlth_cd_ycdrf 

hlth_cd_ycdrm 

hlth_cd_ycdrt 

hlth_cd_ynrf 

hlth_cd_ynrm 

hlth_cd_ynrt 

hlth_cd_yro 

hlth_cd_ysdr2 

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate per 100 000 inhabitants - annual 
data 

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, 
3 year average  

NUTS 2 

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, 3 year 
average - females  

NUTS 2 

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, 3 year 
average - males  

NUTS 2 

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - crude death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, 3 year 
average - total  

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - absolute number, 3 year average - females  

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - absolute number, 3 year average - males  

Causes of death by NUTS 2 regions - absolute number, 3 year average - total 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

Causes of death - deaths by NUTS 2 region of residence and occurrence, 3 year average   NUTS 2 

Causes  of  death  -  standardised  death  rate  by  NUTS  2  region  of  residence,  3  year 
average  

NUTS 2 

hlth_cd_ycdr2 

Causes of death - crude death rate by NUTS 2 regions of residence, 3 year average  

NUTS 2 

hlth_cd_ypyll 

hlth_cd_yinfr 

hlth_cd_yinfo 

hlth_cd_yperro 

Causes of death - years and potential years of life lost by NUTS 2 regions of residence, 
3 year average  

Causes of death - infant mortality by NUTS 2 region of residence, 3 year average  

Causes of death - infant mortality by NUTS 2 region of occurrence, 3 year average  

Peri-neonatal mortality by age of mother and parity, by NUTS2 region of residence and 
occurrence, 3 year average  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

hlth_cd_yperrto 

Fetal,  peri-  and  neonatal  mortality  rates  by  NUTS  2  region  of  occurrence,  3  year 
average  

NUTS 2 

reg_hlth_care 

8.2 Health care: resources and patients (non-expenditure data) 

hlth_rs_prsrg 

hlth_rs_bdsrg 

Health personnel by NUTS 2 regions  

Hospital beds by NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch1t 

Hospital discharges by diagnosis and NUTS 2 regions, in-patients, total number - total   NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch1m 

Hospital discharges by diagnosis and NUTS 2 regions, in-patients, total number - males   NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch1f 

hlth_co_disch2t 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis,  NUTS  2  regions,  in-patients  and  total  number  - 
females  

NUTS 2 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis  and  NUTS  2  regions,  in-patients,  per  100  000 
inhabitants - total  

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch2m 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis  and  NUTS  2  regions,  in-patients,  per  100  000 
inhabitants - males  

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch2f 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis  and  NUTS  2  regions,  in-patients,  per  100  000 
inhabitants - females  

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch3t 

Hospital discharges by diagnosis and NUTS 2 regions, day cases, total number - total    NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch3m 

Hospital discharges by diagnosis and NUTS 2 regions, day cases, total number - males   NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch3f 

Hospital discharges by diagnosis and NUTS 2 regions, day cases, total number - females    NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch4t 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis  and  NUTS  2  regions,  day  cases,  per  100  000 
inhabitants - total  

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch4m 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis  and  NUTS  2  regions,  day  cases,  per  100  000 
inhabitants - males  

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_disch4f 

Hospital  discharges  by  diagnosis  and  NUTS  2  regions,  day  cases,  per  100  000 
inhabitants - females  

NUTS 2 

211 

 
 
NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

hlth_co_inpstt 

In-patient average length of stay (days) by NUTS 2 regions - total  

hlth_co_inpstm 

In-patient average length of stay (days) by NUTS 2 regions - males  

hlth_co_inpstf 

In-patient average length of stay (days) by NUTS 2 regions - females 

hlth_co_hosdayt 

Hospital days of in-patients by NUTS 2 regions - total   

hlth_co_hosdaym 

Hospital days of in-patients by NUTS 2 regions - males  

hlth_co_hosdayf 

Hospital days of in-patients by NUTS 2 regions - females  

hlth_rs_bdsns 

Long-term care beds in nursing and residential care facilities by NUTS 2 regions  

hlth_db_emrena 

Prevalence of disability by sex, economic activity (NACE Rev. 1) and NUTS 2 regions  

reg_tour 

9. REGIONAL TOURISM STATISTICS 

reg_tour_occ 

tour_occ_arn2 

tour_occ_nin2 

tour_occ_nin2d 

tour_occ_nin2c 

tour_occ_anor2 

reg_tour_cap 

9.1 Occupancy in collective accommodation establishments: domestic and inbound 
toursim 

Arrivals at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 regions  

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 regions  

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by degree of urbanisation and 
by NUTS 2 regions (from 2012 onwards)  

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by coastal and non-coastal 
area and by NUTS 2 regions (from 2012 onwards) 

NUTS 2 

Net occupancy rate of bed-places and bedrooms in hotels and similar accommodation 
(NACE Rev. 2, I, 55.1) by NUTS 2 regions (from 2012 onwards)   

NUTS 2 

9.2 Capacity of collective tourist accomodation: establishments, bedrooms and bed-
places 

tour_cap_nuts2 

Number of establishments, bedrooms and bed-places by NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

tour_cap_nuts3 

Number of establishments, bedrooms and bed-places by NUTS 3 regions (1990-2011)   NUTS 3 

tour_cap_nuts2d 

Number of establishments, bedrooms and bed-places by degree of urbanisation and 
by NUTS 2 regions (from 2012 onwards)  

NUTS 2 

tour_cap_nuts2c 

Number of establishments, bedrooms and bed-places by coastal and non-coastal area 
and by NUTS 2 regions (from 2012 onwards)  

NUTS 2 

reg_tran 

reg_road 

road_go_ta_rl 

road_go_ta_ru 

10. REGIONAL TRANSPORT STATISTICS 

10.1 Road freight 

Annual road freight transport by region of loading (1 000 t, Mio Tkm, 1 000 Jrnys)  

Annual road freight transport by region of unloading (1 000 t, Mio Tkm, 1 000 Jrnys)  

road_go_na_rl3g 

National annual road freight transport by regions of loading (NUTS 3) and by group of 
goods (1 000 t), from 2008 onwards  

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 3 

road_go_na_ru3g 

National annual road freight transport by regions of unloading (NUTS 3) and by group 
of goods (1 000 t), from 2008 onwards 

NUTS 3 

road_go_na7rl3g 

National annual road freight transport by regions of loading (NUTS 3) and by group of 
goods (1 000 t), until 2007  

NUTS 3 

road_go_na7ru3g 

National annual road freight transport by regions of unloading (NUTS 3) and by group 
of goods (1 000 t), until 2007  

NUTS 3 

reg_otran 

tran_r_net 

tran_r_vehst 

tran_r_acci 

10.2 Other regional transport 

Road, rail and navigable inland waterways networks by NUTS 2 regions  

Stock of vehicles by category and NUTS 2 regions  

Victims in road accidents by NUTS 2 regions  

tran_r_mapa_nm 

Maritime transport of passengers by NUTS 2 regions  

tran_r_mago_nm 

Maritime transport of freight by NUTS 2 regions  

tran_r_avpa_nm 

Air transport of passengers by NUTS 2 regions  

tran_r_avgo_nm 

Air transport of freight by NUTS 2 regions  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

212 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
tran_r_rago 

tran_r_rapa 

Railway  transport  -  national  and 
loading/unloading NUTS 2 region  

international  railway  goods  transport  by 

NUTS 2 

Railway  transport  -  national  and  international  railway  passengers  transport  by 
loading/unloading NUTS 2 region  

NUTS 2 

reg_otran_his 

10.3 Other regional transport - Historical data (1978 -2002) 

tran_r_mapa_om 

Maritime transport of passengers by NUTS 2 regions (questionnaire)  

tran_r_mago_om 

Maritime transport of freight by NUTS 2 regions (questionnaire)  

tran_r_avpa_om 

Air transport of passengers by NUTS 2 regions (questionnaire)  

tran_r_avgo_om 

Air transport of freight by NUTS 2 regions (questionnaire)  

reg_lmk 

11. REGIONAL LABOUR MARKET STATISTICS 

lfst_r_lfpop 

11.1 Regional population and economically active population - LFS annual series 

lfst_r_lfsd2pwn 

Population by sex, age, citizenship, labour status and NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_lfsd2pwc 

Population by sex, age, country of birth, labour status and NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_lfsd2pop 

Population aged 15 and over by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (1000)  

lfst_r_lfp2act 

Economically active population by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (1 000)  

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

lfst_r_lfp2actrtn 

Activity rates by sex, age, educational attainment level, citizenship and NUTS 2 regions   NUTS 2 

lfst_r_lfp2actrc 

Activity rates by sex, age, educational attainment level, country of birth and NUTS 2 
regions  

lfst_r_lfp2actrt 

Economic activity rates by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (%)   

lfst_r_lfp2acedu 

Economically active population by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 
regions (1 000)  

lfst_r_lfemp 

11.2 Regional employment - LFS annual series 

lfst_r_lfe2emp 

Employment by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (1 000)  

lfst_r_lfe2en2 

Employment by age, economic activity and NUTS 2 regions (NACE Rev. 2) - 1 000 

lfst_r_lfe2en1 

Employment by age, economic activity and NUTS 2 regions (1999-2008, NACE Rev. 1.1) 
- 1 000 

lfst_r_lfe2estat 

Employment by age, professional status and NUTS 2 regions (1 000)   

lfst_r_lfe2eftpt 

Employment by full-time/part-time, sex and NUTS 2 regions (1 000)   

lfst_r_lfe2eedu 

Employment by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 regions (1 000)  

lfst_r_lfe2ecomm 

Employment and commuting by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_egad 

Employment by sex, age, job tenure and NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_lfe2emprtn 

Employment rates by sex, age, educational attainment level, citizenship and NUTS 2 
regions  

lfst_r_lfe2emprc 

Employment  rates  by  sex,  age,  educational  attainment  level,  country  of  birth  and 
NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_lfe2emprt 

Employment rates by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (%)  

lfst_r_lfe2ehour 

Average number of usual weekly hours of work in main job by sex, age and NUTS 2 
regions (hours)  

lfst_r_lfu 

11.3 Regional unemployment - LFS annual series 

lfst_r_lfu3pers 

Unemployment by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (1 000)   

lfst_r_lfu3rt 

lfst_r_lfu2ltu 

Unemployment rates by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions (%)   

Long-term unemployment (12 months and more) by NUTS 2 regions   

lfst_r_lfu2gac 

Unemployment by sex, age, country of birth and NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_lfur2gac 

lfst_r_lfu2gan 

lfst_r_lfur2gan 

Unemployment rates by sex, age, country of birth and NUTS 2 regions  

Unemployment by sex, age, citizenship and NUTS 2 regions  

Unemployment rates by sex, age, citizenship and NUTS 2 regions  

lfst_r_lmd 

11.4 Regional labour market disparities - LFS series and LFS adjusted series 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

213 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
lfst_r_lmder 

lfst_r_lmdur 

reg_jvs 

jvs_a_nace2 

jvs_a_nace1 

Dispersion of regional employment rates by NUTS 3 regions (%)  

Dispersion of regional unemployment rates by NUTS 3 regions (%)  

NUTS 3 

NUTS 3 

11.5 Regional job vacancy statistics (jvs) 

Job vacancy statistics by occupation, NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 activity - annual 
data (2008-2015) 

NUTS 2 

Job  vacancy  statistics  by  occupation,  NUTS  2  regions  and  NACE  Rev.  1.1  activity  - 
annual data (2000-2008) 

NUTS 2 

reg_earn_ses_06 

11.6 Regional structure of earnings survey 2006 

earn_ses06_rann 

Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 regions (enterprises with 10 employees or more) - 
NACE Rev. 1.1, C-O excluding L  

NUTS 1 

earn_ses06_rhr 

Mean hourly earnings by NUTS 1 regions (enterprises with 10 employees or more)  - 
NACE Rev. 1.1, C-O excluding L  

NUTS 1 

reg_earn_ses_10 

11.7 Regional structure of earnings survey 2010 

earn_ses10_rhr 

Mean hourly earnings by NUTS 1 regions (enterprises with 10 employees or more)  - 
NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O  

NUTS 1 

earn_ses10_rann 

Mean annual earnings by NUTS 1 regions (enterprises with 10 employees or more) - 
NACE Rev. 2, B-S excluding O  

NUTS 1 

reg_lcs 

reg_lcs_r2 

lc_rcost_r2 

lc_rstruc_r2 

lc_rnum1_r2 

lc_rnum2_r2 

lc_rstu_r2 

12. REGIONAL LABOUR COSTS STATISTICS 

12.1 Labour costs survey 2008 and 2012 - regional data, NACE Rev. 2 activity 

Labour  cost,  wages  and  salaries,  direct  remuneration  by  NACE  Rev.  2  activity  and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS surveys 2008, 2012 and 2016  

NUTS 1 

Structure of labour cost by NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 1 regions - % of total cost, 
LCS surveys 2008, 2012 and 2016  

NUTS 1 

Number of employees and hours worked, by working time, NACE Rev. 2 activity and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS surveys 2008, 2012 and 2016  

NUTS 1 

Average hours worked per employee, by working time, NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 
1 regions - LCS surveys 2008, 2012 and 2016 

NUTS 1 

Number of statistical units selected for the survey, by NACE Rev. 2 activity and NUTS 
1 regions - LCS surveys 2008, 2012 and 2016 

NUTS 1 

reg_lcs04 

12.2 Labour costs survey 2004 - regional data 

lc_r04cost 

lc_r04struc 

lc_r04num1 

lc_r04num2 

lc_r04stu 

Labour cost, wages and salaries, direct remuneration by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS survey 2004  

NUTS 1 

Structure of labour cost by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and NUTS 1 regions - % of total cost, 
LCS survey 2004  

NUTS 1 

Number of employees and hours worked, by working time, NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS survey 2004  

NUTS 1 

Average  hours  worked  per  employee,  by  working  time,  NACE  Rev.  1.1  activity  and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS survey 2004  

NUTS 1 

Number of statistical units selected for the survey, by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and NUTS 
1 regions - LCS survey 2004  

NUTS 1 

reg_lcs00 

12.3 Labour costs survey 2000 - regional data 

lc_r00cost 

lc_r00struc 

lc_r00num1 

lc_r00num2 

lc_r00stu 

Labour cost, wages and salaries, direct remuneration by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS survey 2000  

NUTS 1 

Structure of labour cost by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and NUTS 1 regions - % of total cost, 
LCS survey 2000  

NUTS 1 

Number of employees and hours worked, by working time, NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS survey 2000  

NUTS 1 

Average  hours  worked  per  employee,  by  working  time,  NACE  Rev.  1.1  activity  and 
NUTS 1 regions - LCS survey 2000  

NUTS 1 

Number of statistical units selected for the survey, by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and NUTS 
1 regions - LCS survey 2000  

NUTS 1 

214 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
reg_isoc 

13. REGIONAL DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY 

isoc_r_iacc_h 

Households with access to the internet at home  

isoc_r_broad_h 

Households with broadband access  

isoc_r_cux_i 

isoc_r_iuse_i 

isoc_r_gov_i 

isoc_r_blt12_i 

isoc_r_iumd_i 

Individuals who have never used a computer  

Individuals who used the internet, frequency of use and activities  

Individuals who used the internet for interaction with public authorities  

Individuals who ordered goods or services over the internet for private use  

Individuals who accessed the internet away from home or work 

reg_env 

14. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY STATISTICS 

reg_env_was 

14.1 Regional waste statistics 

env_rwas_gen 

env_rwas_cov 

Municipal waste by NUTS 2 regions - pilot project data  

Coverage rate of municipal waste collection by NUTS 2 regions - pilot project data   

reg_env_wat 

14.2 Regional water statistics 

env_watres_rb 

Freshwater resources by river basin district (RBD)   

env_watabs_rb 

Water abstraction by river basin district (RBD)  

env_watuse_rb 

Water use by river basin district (RBD) 

reg_nrg_chdd 

14.3 Energy statistics - cooling and heating degree days 

nrg_chddr2_a 

Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions - annual data  

nrg_chddr2_m 

Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions - monthly data  

reg_ilc 

ilc_peps11 

ilc_lvhl21 

15. REGIONAL POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION STATISTICS 

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion by NUTS regions  

People living in households with very low work intensity by NUTS regions (population 
aged 0 to 59 years)  

ilc_mddd21 

Severe material deprivation rate by NUTS regions  

ilc_li41 

reg_crim 

At-risk-of-poverty rate by NUTS regions  

16. REGIONAL CRIME STATISTICS 

crim_gen_reg 
Source: own elaboration based on EUROSTAT Regional statistics [6] 

Crimes recorded by the police by NUTS 3 regions  

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

RBD 

RBD 

RBD 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 2 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 1 

NUTS 3 

215 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 3: Dataset identification in the regional EE strategy (EEE-CyL-2020) 

This Annex presents the identified datasets within the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy. Each of the datasets used in each sector are defined in the following 
sections, as well as the monitoring indicators. These, even when not being a sector within the strategy, are crucial towards checking the progress in each of the sectors. 

1. 

Industrial sector 

2.  Building sector 

3.  Transport sector 

4.  Public services (local entities) sector 

5.  Administrative sector 

6.  Monitoring indicators 

Industrial sector 

Table 102.  Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Industrial Sector 

ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

IN-01  167 

Industry 

2008-
2016 

Gross Value Added (GVA) 
variation generated by the 
industry sector (Spain and 
CyL) 

% of the 
total 

IN-02  168 

Industry 

2014 

Companies distribution in the 
industrial sector of CyL 
according to the type of 
activity 

% 

"The measure of the value of goods and 
services produced in an area, industry or 
sector of an economy. In national 
accounts GVA is output minus 
intermediate consumption; it is a 
balancing item of the national accounts' 
production account.  

Companies distribution in the industrial 
sector of CyL according to the type of 
activity (food and beverage, 
manufacture of metal products, wood 
and cork, furniture manufacture, 
manufacture of non-metal mineral 
products) 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

216 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

IN-03  169 

Industry 

2008-
2016 

Number of industrial 
companies evolution in CYL 

IN-04  169 

Industry 

2008-
2016 

Number of industrial 
companies evolution in Spain 

IN-05  170 

Industry 

2013-
2016 

Composition of the business 
fabric of the CyL industry 

Num 
compani
es 

Num 
compani
es 

Num 
compani
es  

Evolution of the number of industrial 
companies in CyL 

Evolution of the number of industrial 
companies in Spain 

Ministry of 
Economy and 
Finance 

Ministry of 
Economy and 
Finance 

Sectors covered by the industrial 
companies in CyL (distribution) 

INE (National 
Statistical Institute) 

Source 
document 

Industrial 
promotion 
master plan 
for Castilla y 
León 

Industrial 
promotion 
master plan 
for Castilla y 
León 

IN-06  170 

Industry 

2014,2
015 

Distribution of the number of 
extractive industries in CyL 

% 

Distribution of the extractive industries in 
CyL among different activities  

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

IN-07  170 

Industry 

2014,2
015 

IN-08 

171-
2 

Industry 

2014,2
015 

Distribution of the number of 
companies of water supply, 
sanitation activities, waste 
management and 
decontamination in CyL 

Distribution of the number of 
manufacturing companies in 
CyL 

% 

% 

IN-09  173 

Industry 

2014-
2016 

Employees in the industry of 
Castilla y León 

% and  
Num of 
employe
es 

217 

Distribution of the number of companies 
of water supply, sanitation activities, 
waste management and 
decontamination in CyL 

Distribution of the manufacturing 
companies in CyL among different 
activities  

EREN 

EREN 

Number and percentage of employees n 
the industry sector in Castilla y León by 
provinces 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

 
  
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

IN-10  174 

Industry 

Number of employees by 
industrial group in CyL 

Num 
employe
es 

Number of employees by industrial 
group in the manufacturing industry in 
CyL. Group 1: feed, textile, timber,leather, 
paper industries. Group 2: Extractive, oil 
refining, pharmaceutical, chemical, 
electricity, water supply, waste 
management…Group 3: construction of 
machinery, electrical and transport 
equipment, industrial repair 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

IN-11  175 

Industry 

2012-
2014 

Number of employees in the 
manufacturing industry 
evolution in CYL 

Num 
employe
es 

Number of employees in the 
manufacturing industry evolution in CYL 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

IN-12  175 

Industry 

2013-
2016 

Size of manufacturing 
industrial companies in CyL 

IN-13  176 

Industry 

2013-
2014 

Number of employees by type 
of industry in CyL 

Num 
compani
es and % 

% and  
Num of 
employe
es 

Classification of companies by number 
of employees in CyL 

INE (National 
statistical institute) 

Produced by 
EREN 

Number of employees in CyL classified 
by type of industry 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

IN-14  177 

Industry 

IN-15  178 

Industry 

IN-16  178 

Industry 

2009-
2015 

2008-
2015 

2008-
2015 

Industrial productivity  

€/employ
ee 

Industrial productivity:  Gross Value 
Added (GVA) /employee (full-time 
equivalent) (€/employee) 

EREN 

Exports and imports evolution  € 

Exports and imports by the companies in 
CyL 

EREN 

Degree of openness of CyL 
industry 

% 

Degree of openness of CyL industry: 
(Exports+ Imports) /(GDP) 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

218 

 
  
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

IN-17  179 

Industry 

2014 

Destination of exports 
(international) 

IN-18  180 

Industry 

2014-
2016 

Exports by sectors 

% 

% 

Destination of exports: main countries 
(France, Germany, United Kingdom, and 
Morocco) 

EREN 

Exports in CyL by sectors (distribution) 

EREN 

IN-19  181 

Industry 

2014-
2015 

Consumption by energy 
source in industry 

% and 
ktoe 

Distribution of energy consumption: 
natural gas, electricity, bioenergy, and 
fuel oils (BIA), diesel oil 

EREN 

IN-20  182 

Industry 

2013-
2015 

Electric energy consumption 
by type of industry (ktoe) 

ktoe 
(ktoone 
of oil 
equivale
nt) 

Electric energy consumption by type of 
industrial activity (without including 
energy industry) 

EREN 

IN-21  183 

Industry 

2014-
2015 

Distribution of electrical 
energy consumed by type of 
industry 

% 

Distribution of electrical energy 
consumed by type of industry 

IN-22  184 

Industry 

2014-
2015 

Natural gas consumption by 
type of industry (ktoe) 

ktoe 
(ktoone 
of oil 
equivale
nt) 

Natural gas consumption by type of 
industrial activity (without including 
energy industry) 

EREN 

EREN 

IN-23  184 

Industry 

IN-24  186 

Industry 

2014-
2015 

2000-
2015 

Distribution of natural gas 
consumed by type of industry 

% 

Distribution of natural gas consumed by 
type of industry 

EREN 

Final energy intensity in the 
industry sector (evolution) 

toe/EUR 
millions 

Final energy intensity in the industry 
sector evolution 

EREN 

Source: EREN, Estrategia de Eficiencia Energética de Castilla y León 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

219 

 
Building sector 

Table 103.  Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Building Sector 

ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

BU-01 

211 

Building 

2014 

BU-02 

211 

Building 

2015 

BU-03 

211 

Building 

2014 

BU-04 

212 

Building 

2015 

BU-05 

212 

Building 

2014 

BU-06 

213 

Building 

2015 

Final energy 
consumption per 
sector in CyL 2014 

Final energy 
consumption per 
sector in CyL 2015 

Energy consumption 
per energy source in 
the building sector 
2014 

Energy consumption 
per energy source in 
the building sector 
2015 

Distribution of 
electricity 
consumption in the 
building sector 2014 

Distribution of 
electricity 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% of final energy consumption in 
agriculture, industry, residential, retail 
and services, hotel industry, other type 
of buildings, administration and other 
public services, transport in 2014 

% of final energy consumption in 
agriculture, industry, residential, retail 
and services, hotel industry, other type 
of buildings, administration and other 
public services, transport in 2015 

% of energy consumption per energy 
source (electricity, natural gas, liquefied 
petroleum gas, diesel c, bioenergy) in 
2014 

% of energy consumption per energy 
source (electricity, natural gas, liquefied 
petroleum gas, diesel c, bioenergy) in 
2015 

Distribution of electricity consumption in 
the building sector among: hotel 
industry, retail and services, other and 
domestic in 2014 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

Distribution of electricity consumption in 
the building sector among: hotel 

EREN 

220 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

BU-07 

213 

Building 

2014 

BU-08 

214 

Building 

2015 

BU-09 

214 

Building 

2014 

BU-10 

215 

Building 

2014 

BU-11 

215 

Building 

2015 

consumption in the 
building sector 2015 

Distribution of natural 
gas consumption in 
the building sector 
2014 

Distribution of natural 
gas consumption in 
the building sector 
2015 

Distribution of 
bioenergy 
consumption in the 
building sector 2014 

Distribution of 
liquefied petroleum 
gas consumption in 
the building sector 
2014 

Distribution of 
liquefied petroleum 
gas consumption in 
the building sector 
2015 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

BU-12 

216 

Building 

2014 

Distribution of diesel C 
consumption in the 
building sector 2014 

% 

industry, retail and services, other and 
domestic in 2015 

Distribution of natural gas consumption 
in the building sector among: hotel 
industry, retail and services, other and 
domestic in 2014 

Distribution of natural gas consumption 
in the building sector among: hotel 
industry, retail and services, other and 
domestic in 2015 

EREN 

EREN 

Distribution of bioenergy consumption in 
the building sector among: retail and 
services and domestic in 2014 

EREN 

Distribution of liquefied petroleum gas 
consumption in the building sector 
among: hotel industry, retail and 
services, other and domestic in 2014 

Distribution of liquefied petroleum gas 
consumption in the building sector 
among: hotel industry, retail and 
services, other and domestic in 2015 

Distribution of diesel C consumption in 
the building sector among: hotel 
industry, retail and services, other and 
domestic in 2014 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

221 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

BU-13 

217 

Building 

2015 

BU-14 

217 

Building 

2014 

BU-15 

217 

Building 

2015 

Distribution of diesel C 
consumption in the 
building sector 2015 

Final energy 
consumption 
distribution in the 
building sector 2014 

Final energy 
consumption 
distribution in the 
building sector 2015 

% 

% 

% 

Distribution of diesel C consumption in 
the building sector among: hotel 
industry, retail and services, other and 
domestic in 2015 

EREN 

% of final energy consumption in 
building sector (hotel industry, retail and 
services, other, domestic) 

EREN 

% of final energy consumption in 
building sector (hotel industry, retail and 
services, other, domestic) 

EREN 

BU-16 

218 

Building 

2000 - 
2014 

Final energy intensity 
evolution in service 
and domestic sector  

Energy intensity 
/ year 

Energy intensity value per year (2000-
2014) of the service and domestic 
sectors combined 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-17 

219, 
220 

Building 

2010 - 
2015 

Housing stock in the 
period 2010 - 2015 

Num dwellings / 
province 

Number of dwellings in each of the 
provinces in CyL and the total value for 
Castilla y León each year from 2010 to 
2015 (expressed as table and as graph) 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-18 

221 

Building 

2014 

Housing stock in Spain 
in 2014 

Num dwellings 

Number of dwellings in Spain in 2014 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-19 

221 

Building 

2010 - 
2014 

Evolution of the 
distribution of free 
and protected 
dwellings in Castilla y 
León (newly built) 

% 

Residential / non residential buildings 
(2010-2014) 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

222 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

BU-20 

221 

Building 

BU-21 

222 

Building 

2010 - 
2016 

2010 - 
2016 

Protected / free 

% 

Protected / free 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

Evolution of the 
distribution of free 
and protected 
dwellings in Castilla y 
León (2010-2016) 

Num dwellings / 
year 

Expressed in table format and in graph. 
Number of free and protected dwellings 
per year from 2010 - 2016 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-22 

223, 
224 

Building 

2010 - 
2016 

Finished protected 
dwellings in Castilla y 
León (2010-2016) 

Num protected 
dwellings / year 
and province 

Number of finished protected dwellings 
per year (2010 - 2016) and province 
(presented as line graph, bar graph and 
table). Additional % in Castilla y León 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-23 

224 

Building 

2010 - 
2016 

Finished protected 
dwellings in Spain 
(2010-2016) 

Num dwellings in 
the period 

Number of protected dwellings in Spain 
in the period 2010 -2016 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-24 

225, 
226 

Building 

2010 - 
2016 

Finished free 
dwellings in Castilla y 
León (2010-2016) 

Num free 
dwellings / year 
and province 

Number of finished free dwellings per 
year (2010 - 2016) and province 
(presented as line graph, bar graph and 
table). Additional % in Castilla y León 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-25 

226 

Building 

2010 - 
2016 

Finished protected 
dwellings in Spain 
(2010-2016) 

Num dwellings in 
the period 

Number of protected dwellings in Spain 
in the period 2010 -2016 

Ministerio de 
Fomento 

Produced by 
EREN 

BU-26 

227 

Building 

2010 - 
2015 

Interventions in the 
building sector (2010 
- 2015) 

% of 
intervention type 

Pie chart describing % of types of 
intervention in the building sector (newly 
built buildings, retrofitting actions, 
demolition actons) in the period 2010 - 
2015 

DG de 
Presupuestos y 
Estadística de la 
Junta de Castilla 

Anuario 
estadístico, 
DG de 
Presupuestos 
y Estadística 

223 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

BU-27 

228 

Building 

2010 - 
2015 

Annual evolution of 
interventions 
performed in the 
building sector during 
the period 2010-2015 

Number of 
activities / year 

Presented as a line graph, number of 
activities per year in the period 2010-
2015 

DG de 
Presupuestos y 
Estadística de la 
Junta de Castilla 

BU-28 

229 

Building 

2010 - 
2015 

Annual evolution of 
number of dwellings / 
building in the period 
2010-2015 

Number of 
dwellings / 
building and 
year 

Presented as a line graph, number of 
dwellings per building and year in the 
period 2010-2015 

DG de 
Presupuestos y 
Estadística de la 
Junta de Castilla 

BU-29 

229 

Building 

2016 

Population distribution 
per province capital 
and other urban 
settings on 1st 
January 2016 

Source: EREN, Estrategia de Eficiencia Energética de Castilla y León 

 - Inhabitants / 
province 
 - Inhabitants / 
the capital 
 - Inhabitants / 
not in the capital 
 - % of 
inhabitants in 
capital 
 - % of 
inhabitants not 
in capital 

224 

Expressed as a table, represents the 
values expressed to the left for all of the 
provinces (Ávila, Burgos, León, Palencia, 
Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid) 
and the total values for Castilla y León. 

DG de 
Presupuestos y 
Estadística de la 
Junta de Castilla 

Source 
document 

de la Junta de 
Castilla y León 

Anuario 
estadístico, 
DG de 
Presupuestos 
y Estadística 
de la Junta de 
Castilla y León 

Anuario 
estadístico, 
DG de 
Presupuestos 
y Estadística 
de la Junta de 
Castilla y León 

Anuario 
estadístico, 
DG de 
Presupuestos 
y Estadística 
de la Junta de 
Castilla y León 

 
 
Transport sector 

Table 104.  Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Transport Sector 

ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

TR-01  275 

Transport 

2014 

Final energy consumption per 
sector in CyL 2014 

% 

TR-02  275 

Transport 

2015 

Final energy consumption per 
sector in CyL 2015 

% 

TR-03  276 

Transport 

2014 

TR-04  276 

Transport 

2015 

Energy consumption per 
energy source in the transport 
sector 2014 

Energy consumption per 
energy source in the transport 
sector 2015 

% 

% 

% of final energy consumption in 
agriculture, industry, residential, retail and 
services, hotel industry, other type of 
buildings, administration and other public 
services, transport in 2014 

% of final energy consumption in 
agriculture, industry, residential, retail and 
services, hotel industry, other type of 
buildings, administration and other public 
services, transport in 2015 

% of energy consumption per energy 
source (electricity, natural gas, bioenergy, 
petrol, diesel A, diesel B) in 2014 

% of energy consumption per energy 
source (electricity, natural gas, bioenergy, 
petrol, diesel A, diesel B) in 2015 

TR-05  277 

Transport 

2012 

Energy consumption of the 
main municipalities of CyL in 
the transport sector 2012  

kWh 

kWh of energy consumption by each 
municipality 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

TR-06  279 

Transport 

2012 

TR-07  280 

Transport 

2014 

Types of vehicles in the public 
fleet of the main 
municipalities of CyL 

Evolution of charge points in 
the main cities of CyL 2014 

Nº 

Nº 

Types of vehicles (Trucks, motorcycles, 
cars, others) in the public fleet of the main 
municipalities of CyL 

EREN 

Evolution of the number of charge points 
in the main cities of CyL 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

225 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

TR-08  280 

Transport 

2016 

TR-09  281 

Transport 

2014 

TR-10  281 

Transport 

2015 

TR-11  286 

Transport 

2015 

TR-12  287 

Transport 

2014 

TR-13  287 

Transport 

2015 

Evolution of charge points in 
the main cities of CyL 2016 

Distribution of vehicles fleet 
according to the fuel 
consumed by vehicle type in 
CyL 2014 

Distribution of vehicles fleet 
according to the fuel 
consumed by vehicle type in 
CyL 2014 

Distribution of vehicles by 
type and age for each fuel 
type  

Evolution of registrations by 
province 

Evolution of registrations by 
province 

Nº 

Nº 

Nº 

% 

Nº 

Nº 

Evolution of the number of charge points 
in the main cities of CyL 

EREN 

Number of vehicles by province, type and 
fuel in 2014 

DGT 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Number of vehicles by province, type and 
fuel in 2014 

DGT 

Produced by 
EREN 

% of vehicles (motocycles, bus, trucks, 
cars, tractors and othes) by fuel (petrol, 
diesel and others) and age 

DGT 

Produced by 
EREN 

Tourism vehicle registrations and CO2 
sections 

FACONAUTO and 
ANFAC 

Produced by 
EREN 

Tourism vehicle registrations and 
CO2sections 

FACONAUTO and 
ANFAC 

Produced by 
EREN 

TR-14  288 

Transport 

2015 

CO2 emissions during 2015 

g CO2/km  Total tourism CO2emissions in 2015 

FACONAUTO 

TR-15  288 

Transport 

2016 

CO2 emissions during 2016 

g CO2/km  Total tourism CO2emissions in 2016 

FACONAUTO 

TR-16  289 

Transport 

2014 

Activity in the airports of 
Castilla y León during 2014 

Nº and 
Kg 

Passengers, goods, operations, 
passenger/operation 

AENA 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

226 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

TR-17  289 

Transport 

2015 

Activity in the airports of 
Castilla y León during 2015 

Nº and 
Kg 

Passengers, goods, operations, 
passenger/operation 

AENA 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

TR-18  293 

Transport 

2015 

Registered buses 2007-2015 
period by fuel type 

Nº 

Diesel, petrol and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 2014 

Produced by 
EREN 

TR-19  296 

Transport 

2012 

TR-20  297 

Transport 

2016 

TR-21  298 

Transport 

2016 

TR-22  299 

Transport 

2014 

TR-23  299 

Transport 

2015 

TR-24  301 

Transport 

2015 

TR-25  302 

Transport 

2015 

Buses and most significant 
indicators for different 
municipalities of Castilla y 
León 2012 

Taxis and most significant 
indicators for different 
municipalities of Castilla y 
León 2012-2016 period 

Evolution of the vehicles fleet 
for the period 2010-2015 

Distribution of vehicle fleet by 
type in 2014 

Distribution of vehicle fleet by 
type in 2015 

Vehicles registered in CyL for 
the period 2010-2015 

Vehicle units registered by 
type in CyL by province for 
the period 2010-2015 

 Nº and 
ratios 

Bus/municipalities, Nº viajeros 
transportados, passengers/bus, 
consumption/10000passengers 

Statistical bulletin 
of transport and 
energy of Castilla y 
León 

Produced by 
EREN 

Nº  

Nº 

Nº 

Nº 

Nº 

Nº 

Nº of taxis by city and Nº of taxis by 
province 

INE 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

227 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

TR-26  305 

Transport 

2014 

TR-27  306 

Transport 

2015 

TR-28  307 

Transport 

2015 

Vehicle units registered by 
type and province in CyL 
2014 

Vehicle units registered by 
type and province in CyL 
2015 

Vehicle fleet, registered 
vehicles, vehicles renewed 
annually for the period 2010-
2015 

Nº 

Nº 

Nº 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

Trucks and vans, buses, cars, motorcycles, 
tractors and others 

General statistical 
yearbook 

Produced by 
EREN 

TR-29  308 

Transport 

- 

Transport sector companies 
by province in CyL 

Nº 

Road sector, maritime, air, intermodal and 
urgent 

TR-30  310 

Transport 

- 

Companies dedicated to 
logistic by province in CyL 

Nº 

Automotive, aviation, rail, maritime and 
logistics 

Source: EREN, Estrategia de Eficiencia Energética de Castilla y León 

http://www.castillay
leontransportes.co
m/directorio/mapa.
asp 

http://www.castillay
leontransportes.co
m/directorio/mapa.
asp 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

228 

 
 
Public services (local entities) sector 

Table 105.  Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Public services (local entities) sector 

ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

PS-01 

324 

Public 
services 

2014 

Energy consumption in the 
the Administrative and public 
services sector 

ktoe 
(ktonnes 
of oil 
equivale
nt) 

Final energy consumption in the 
Administrative and Public services 
sector. Distribution between 
Administrative sector and Public 
services sector 

EREN 

PS-02 

324 

Public 
services 

2015 

Consumption by energy 
source in the public services 
sector 

ktoe 
/year and 
% 

Distribution of energy 
consumption: natural gas, 
electricity, diesel fuel, and petrol 

EREN 

PS-03 

325 

Public 
services 

2000-
2014 

Final energy intensity in the 
Administrative and public 
services sector (evolution) 

toe/EUR 
millions 

Final energy intensity in the 
Administrative and public services 
sector evolution (it was not 
possible to separate Public 
services from Administrative 
sector: GDP combines both) 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

PS-04 

326 

Public 
services 

Not 
availabl
e 

Number of municipalities in 
CyL by province 

Numb 
municipa
lities and 
% 

Number of municipalities in CyL 
by province 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

PS-05 

327-
328-
329 

Public 
services 

2015 

Number and population 
distribution (Autonomous 
Communities and Spain). 

Num of 
people 
and % 

Population distribution for the 
Autonomous Communities and for 
the whole of Spain. 
Differentiating between woman 
and men 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

229 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

PS-06 

327 

Public 
services 

2015 

Population variaton by 
Autonomous Communities 
and Spain 

% and 
num of 
people 

Population variation by 
Autonomous Communities and 
Spain (absolute and relative) 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

PS-07 

330 

Public 
services 

2015 

Population distribution by 
provinces in CyL 

% 

Population distribution for CyL by 
province 

PS-08 

330 

Public 
services 

1998-
2015 

Population evolution in CyL by 
provinces 

Num of 
people 

Population evolution in CyL by 
provinces 

PS-09 

330 

Public 
services 

1998-
2015 

Anual population variaton in 
CyL and Spain 

% 

Anual population variation 
(average) in CyL and Spain 

PS-10 

331 

Public 
services 

2014-
2015 

Population in provincial 
capitals and by province 

Num of 
people 

Population in provincial capitals 
and by province 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

PS-11 

331 

Public 
services 

2014-
2015 

Population variation in 
provincial capitals and by 
province 

Num of 
people 

Population variation (absolute) in 
provincial capitals and by province 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

PS-12 

332 

Public 
services 

2015 

Population distribution by 
type of urban area in CyL and 
by province 

% and 
num of 
people 

Population distribution by type of 
urban area (provincial capitals 
and rest of urban areas) in CyL 
and by province 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

PS-13 

334 

Public 
services 

2015 

Population distribution by 
provincial capitals in CyL 

% 

Population distribution by 
provincial capitals in CyL 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

Review of the 
Municipal 
Register 

230 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

PS-14 

334 

Public 
services 

2015 

Distribution of the 
municipalities of CyL 
according to the number of 
inhabitants 

Num of 
municipa
lities and 
% 

Distribution of the municipalities 
of CyL according to the number of 
inhabitants 

EREN 

PS-15 

336 

Public 
services 

2014 

Population density in the 
Autonomous Communities 

inhabitan
ts/km2 

Population density in the 
Autonomous Communities 

EREN 

PS-16 

336 

Public 
services 

2015 

Population density of the 
provinces in CyL 

inhabitan
ts/km2 

Population density of the 
provinces in CyL 

DG of Budgets and 
Statistics of the Junta de 
Castilla y Leon 

PS-17 

337 

Public 
services 

Number of public health care 
centers by province in CyL 

Num 
centers 
and % 

Number of public health care 
centers by province in CyL and 

EREN 

PS-18 

339 

Public 
services 

Distribution by type of health 
center in CyL 

% 

Health care centers distributed by 
type in CyL (speciality centers, 
health centers, mental health 
centers, public hospitals..) 

EREN 

PS-19 

340 

Public 
services 

Distribution of the health 
centers of CyL according to 
the body that manages it. 

% 

Distribution of the health centers 
of CyL according to the body that 
manages it. 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

" Review of 
the Municipal 
Register " y 
"Extensión 
superficial" 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

PS-20 

340 

Public 
services 

Number of education centers 
in CyL 

Num 
centers  
and % 

Number of education centers in 
CyL by type (rural educational 
centers, FP centers, Home schools, 
biligual centers, art schools..) 

Ministry of Education of 
the Junta de Castilla y 
León 

N/A 

231 

 
 
 
 
 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

PS-21 

341 

Public 
services 

Number of education centers 
in CyL 

PS-22 

341 

Public 
services 

Number of sport centers and 
facilities in CyL by province 

Num 
centers  
and % 

Num 
centers  
(includin
g  pools) 
and % 

Number of education centers in 
CyL by type (rural educational 
centers, FP centers, Home schools, 
biligual centers, art schools..) 

Ministry of Education of 
the Junta de Castilla y 
León 

N/A 

Number of sport centers and 
facilities in CyL by province 
(sports facilities and pools) 

Higher Sports Council 

PS-23 

342 

Public 
services 

Number of cultural singular 
buildings 

Num of 
buildings 

Number of cultural singular 
buildings, including museums, 
theaters, and public libraries 

EREN 

National 
Census of 
Sports 
Facilities 

Produced by 
EREN 

PS-24 

343 

Public 
services 

Number of fire stations and 
local police stations in the 
provincial capitals of CyL 

Num fire 
stations 
and 
police 
station 

Number of fire stations and local 
police stations in the provincial 
capitals of CyL 

Town councils of the 
provincial capitals 

Town councils’ 
website 

PS-25 

343 

Public 
services 

2015 

Estimated consumption by 
energy source and by type of 
service in the public services 
sector by province in CyL 

ktoe 
/year and 
% 

PS-26 

344 

Public 
services 

2015 

Estimated average 
consumption per inhabitant 
for each energy source and by 
each service type 

kWh/hab 

Consumption by energy source 
and by type of service in the 
public services sector by province 
in CyL (inclding public lighting, 
water cycle, buildings and 
vehicles) 

Estimated average consumption 
per inhabitant for each energy 
source and by each service type 
(including public lighting, water 
cycle, buildings (municipal 
management) and vehicles) 

EREN 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

232 

 
 
 
 
 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

PS-27 

346 

Public 
services 

2015 

Distribution of the estimated 
electricity consumption in 
public lighting during 2015 by 
size of the municipality. 

% 

Distribution of the estimated 
electricity consumption in public 
lighting during 2015 according to 
the size of the municipality. 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

PS-28 

346 

Public 
services 

Number of WWTPs by 
province in CyL 

Numb 
WWTPs 

Number of WWTPs by province 
and the whole of CyL 

Junta de Castilla y León 

N/A 

PS-29 

348 

Public 
services 

2015 

PS-30 

351 

Public 
services 

2015 

Distribution of the estimated 
water cycle consumption 
during 2015 by size of the 
municipality. 

Distribution of the estimated 
electricy consumption in 
building (municipal 
management) during 2015 by 
size of the municipality. 

% 

% 

Distribution of the estimated 
water cycle consumption uring 
2015 by size of the municipality. 

EREN 

Distribution of the estimated 
electricy consumption in building 
(municipal management) during 
2015 by size of the municipality. 

EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

PS-31 

352 

Public 
services 

Number of waste 
management centres and 
landfills by province 

Numb of 
centres 

The information includes number 
of: 
-Associations 
-Transfer plants 
-Treatment centres 
- Management areas 
-Treatment areas 
In the document the organization 
of the collection and treatment 
system for the "rest" fraction is 
included, naming the responsibles 
of managment 

Junta de Castilla y León 

Comprehensiv
e Waste Plan 
for Castilla y 
León 

233 

 
 
 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

PS-33 

363 

PS-34 

364 

Public 
services 

Public 
services 

PS-35 

365 

Public 
services 

Energy rating for heating 
demand in buildings in the 
public services sector of CyL 

Numb of 
buildings 
and % 

Number of buildings and 
percentage by energy rating in 
heating demand 

Energy rating CO2 emissions 
by buildings in the public 
services sector of CyL 

Numb of 
buildings 
and % 

Number of buildings and 
percentage by energy rating in 
CO2 emissions 

Energy rating for primary 
energy consumption in 
buildings in the public services 
sector of CyL 

Numb of 
buildings 
and % 

Number of buildings and 
percentage by energy rating in 
primary energy consumption 

PS-33 

363 

Public 
services 

Energy rating for heating 
demand in buildings in the 
public services sector of CyL 

Numb of 
buildings 
and % 

Number of buildings and 
percentage by energy rating in 
heating demand 

Source: EREN, Estrategia de Eficiencia Energética de Castilla y León 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Produced by 
EREN 

Administrative sector 

Table 106.  Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Administrative sector 

ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

AD-1 

370 

Administration 

2014 

AD-2 

371 

Administration 

2015 

Energy consumption of the 
administration buildings of Cyl 2014 

Energy consumption of the 
administration buildings of Cyl 2015 

% 

% 

234 

Electricity, natural gas, biomass 
and gasoil 

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

Electricity, natural gas, biomass 
and gasoil 

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

AD-3 

371 

Administration 

2014 

Final energy consumption by sector 
in CyL 2014 

% 

AD-4 

372 

Administration 

2015 

Final energy consumption by sector 
in CyL 2015 

% 

Agriculture, industry, services, 
domestic, transport, 
administration and public 
services 

Agriculture, industry, services, 
domestic, transport, 
administration and public 
services 

EREN 

EREN 

Source 
document 

Produced 
by EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

AD-5 

373 

Administration 

- 

AD-6 

374 

Administration 

- 

Structure of the Consumer Centers 
of the Autonomous Administration 

Number of Consumer Centers of the 
Autonomous Administration by the 
different councils 

Nº 

Nº 

Divided by councils/agencies 

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

Divided by councils 

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

AD-7 

375 

Administration 

2014
/15 

Energy consumption of the 
Administration of CyL for 2014 and 
2015 

kWh/año 

Electricity, natural gas and 
biomass), by type of 
administration 

EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

AD-8 

378 

Administration 

- 

Main consumption centers by type of 
use, of which the Autonomous 
Administration takes charge of the 
electric bill 

AD-9 

378 

Administration 

- 

Number of electricity consuming 
centers 

AD-
10 

379 

Administration 

- 

Number of natural gas consuming 
centers 

Nº 

Nº 

Nº 

235 

Consumption by use defined type  

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

Electricity consumption by use 
defined type  

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

Natural gas consumption by use 
defined type  

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

 
ID 

Page 

Sector 

Year 

Datastet 

Unit 

Description 

Source 

Source 
document 

AD-
11 

AD-
12 

AD-
13 

AD-
14 

AD-
15 

AD-
16 

AD-
17 

381 

Administration 

2014 

Percentage of administration 
buildings according to the type of 
energy consumed in 2014 

% 

Electricity and electricity+natural 
gas) 

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

382 

Administration 

2014 

Energy consumption of the buildings 
of the Administration of CyL 2014 
by type of center 

kWh/year 

Electricity consumption, natural 
gas and gasoil by type of centre 

OPTE administration 
of CyL 

Produced 
by EREN 

386 

Administration 

- 

Summary of the energy certification 
of the EREN building with respect to 
a reference building 

kWh/year, 
kWh/m2·year 
kg CO2/year 

Final energy, primary energy, 
emissions 

EREN 

394 

Administration 

- 

Energy rating of heating demand for 
CyL administration buildings 

Nº 

395 

Administration 

- 

Energy rating for cooling demand of 
CyL administration buildings 

Nº 

396 

Administration 

- 

Energy rating in CO2 emissions of 
CyL administration buildings 

Nº 

397 

Administration 

- 

Energy rating in consumption of CyL 
administration buildings 

Nº 

Number of buildings with a 
certificate and their energy rating 
for heating 

EREN 

Number of buildings with a 
certificate and their energy rating 
for cooling 

EREN 

Number of buildings with a 
certificate and their energy rating 
for CO2 emissions 

EREN 

Number of buildings with a 
certificate and their energy rating 
for energy consumption 

EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

Produced 
by EREN 

Source: EREN, Estrategia de Eficiencia Energética de Castilla y León 

236 

 
 
Monitoring indicators 

In the case of the monitoring indictors, the table is similar to the ones shown above. However, the year has not been considered, since these indicators are meant to be 
calculated on a yearly basis, as well as the sources, since all of them are own elaboration of the EREN. As it can be seen, the monitoring indicators cover several topics, 
which correspond to the sectors being tackled: 

1.  General: measuring cross-cutting aspects 

2.  Transport 

3. 

Industry 

4.  Building - Residential 

5.  Building – Services 

6.  Public services 

7.  Administration 

Table 107.  Datasets in the Castilla y León Regional Energy Strategy: Monitoring indicators 

ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

MI-01  163 

General 

Primary energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-02  163 

General 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-03  163 

General 

Supply % of renewable energy sources 

MI-04  163 

General 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-05  163 

General 

Change in final energy intensity 

MI-06  163 

General 

Change in primary energy intensity 

MI-07  163 

General 

Public investment 

MI-08  163 

General 

Private investment 

Unit 

ktep 

ktep 

% 

tCO2 

% 

% 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-09  163 

General 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

237 

 
ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

MI-10  163 

General 

Energy source diversification to cleaner and more efficient sources 

MI-11  163 

Transport 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-12  163 

Transport 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-13  163 

Transport 

Public investment 

MI-14  163 

Transport 

Private investment 

Unit 

ktep/source 

ktep 

tCO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-15  163 

Transport 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

MI-16  163 

Transport 

Number of electric vehicles 

MI-17  163 

Transport 

Electric vehicle charging points 

MI-18  163 

Transport 

Km of bike lanes 

units 

units 

km 

MI-19  163 

Transport 

Diversification to biofuels 

ktep biofuels / total ktep 

MI-20  164 

Industry 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-21  164 

Industry 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-22  164 

Industry 

Public investment 

MI-23  164 

Industry 

Private investment 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-24  164 

Industry 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

MI-25  164 

Industry 

Number of energy management systems audits and EMS implemented 

MI-26  164 

Industry 

Number of energy service companies 

units 

units 

238 

 
ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

MI-27  164 

Industry 

Ktep generated through district heating 

MI-28  164 

Industry 

% of bioenergy as final energy source 

MI-29  164 

Building - Residential 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-30  164 

Building - Residential 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-31  164 

Building - Residential 

Public investment 

MI-32  164 

Building - Residential 

Private investment 

MI-33  164 

Building - Residential 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

MI-34  164 

Building - Residential 

Investment on "renove" plans (renovation plans) 

Unit 

ktep 

% 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

€/ktep saved 

M€ 

MI-35  164 

Building - Residential 

Improvement of the energy efficiency ratio per energy performance certificates submitted  % 

MI-36  164 

Building - Residential 

% of bioenergy as final energy source 

MI-37  164 

Building - Residential 

Energy consumption per dwelling 

MI-38  165 

Building - Services 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-39  165 

Building - Services 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-40  165 

Building - Services 

Public investment 

MI-41  165 

Building - Services 

Private investment 

MI-42  165 

Building - Services 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

MI-43  165 

Building - Services 

Energy consumption per building 

239 

% 

ktep/dwelling 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

€/ktep saved 

ktep/building 

 
ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

Unit 

MI-44  165 

Building - Services 

Improvement of the energy efficiency ratio per energy performance certificates submitted  % 

MI-45  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-46  165 

Public services (local entities) 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-47  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Public investment 

MI-48  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Private investment 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-49  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

MI-50  165 

Public services (local entities) 

MI-51  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Number of municipalities with lighting improvements / all municipalities 

MI-52  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Number of energy audits in public buildings 

MI-53  165 

Public services (local entities) 

Number of energy audits in public lighting 

MI-54  166 

Administration 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-55  166 

Administration 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-56  166 

Administration 

Public investment 

MI-57  166 

Administration 

Private investment 

units 

% 

units 

units 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-58  166 

Administration 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

MI-59  166 

Administration 

Improvement of the energy efficiency ratio per energy performance certificates submitted  % 

MI-60  166 

Administration 

Number of energy audits in public buildings 

units 

240 

 
  
ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

MI-36 164 

General 

Primary energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-37 164 

General 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-38 165 

General 

Supply % of renewable energy sources 

MI-39 165 

General 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-40 165 

General 

Change in final energy intensity 

MI-41 165 

General 

Change in primary energy intensity 

MI-42 165 

General 

Public investment 

MI-43 165 

General 

Private investment 

MI-44 165 

General 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

MI-45 165 

General 

Energy source diversification to cleaner and more efficient sources 

MI-46 165 

Transport 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-47 165 

Transport 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-48 165 

Transport 

Public investment 

MI-49 165 

Transport 

Private investment 

Unit 

ktep 

ktep 

% 

t CO2 

% 

% 

M€ 

M€ 

€/ktep saved 

ktep/source 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-50 165 

Transport 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

MI-51 165 

Transport 

Number of electric vehicles 

MI-52 165 

Transport 

Electric vehicle charging points 

units 

units 

241 

ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

MI-53  165 

Transport 

Km of bike lanes 

Unit 

km 

MI-54  166 

Transport 

Diversification to biofuels 

ktep biofuels / total ktep 

MI-55  166 

Industry 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-56  166 

Industry 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-57  166 

Industry 

Public investment 

MI-58  166 

Industry 

Private investment 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-59  166 

Industry 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

€/ktep saved 

MI-60  166 

Industry 

Number of energy management systems audits and EMS implemented 

MI-46  165 

Industry 

Number of services companies in public lighting 

MI-47  165 

Industry 

Ktep generated through district heating 

MI-48  165 

Industry 

% of bioenergy as final energy source 

MI-49  165 

Building - Residential 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-50  165 

Building - Residential 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-51  165 

Building - Residential 

Public investment 

MI-52  165 

Building - Residential 

Private investment 

units 

units 

ktep 

% 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

M€ 

MI-53  165 

Building - Residential 

Investment ratio with respect to consumption reduction 

MI-54  166 

Building - Residential 

Investment on "renove" plans (renovation plans) 

€/ktep ahorrado 

M€ 

242 

 
ID 

Page  Sector 

Datastet 

Unit 

MI-55  166 

Building - Residential 

Improvement of the energy efficiency ratio per energy performance certificates submitted  % 

MI-56  166 

Building - Residential 

% of bioenergy as final energy source 

MI-57  166 

Building - Residential 

Energy consumption per dwelling 

MI-58  166 

Building - Services 

Final energy savings with respect to tendency 

MI-59  166 

Building - Services 

CO2 emissions reduction with respect to 1990 

MI-60  166 

Building - Services 

Public investment 

Source: EREN, Estrategia de Eficiencia Energética de Castilla y León 

% 

ktep/vivienda 

ktep 

t CO2 

M€ 

243 

 
 
Annex 4. INSPIRE data themes description 

This annex provides the relevant links and descriptions of the INSPIRE data themes, in order to allow readers to 
have an overview and easily be able to consult more in-depth the content of each of the themes, as well as 
analyse the required data flows that would be necessary to implement in order to deploy any of the datasets 
under these data models. 

Table 108.  INSPIRE themes description 

INSPIRE themes and description 

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.I

A.II

A.II

A.II

A.II

AD - Addresses Location of properties based on address identifiers, usually by road name, 
house number, postal code. 

AU  –  Administrative  Units  Units of administration, dividing areas where  Member States 
have  and/or  exercise  jurisdictional  rights,  for  local,  regional  and  national  governance, 

separated by administrative boundaries. 

CP – Cadastral Parcels Areas defined by cadastral registers or equivalent. 

RS – Coordinate reference systems Systems for uniquely referencing spatial information 
in space as a set of coordinates (x, y, z) and/or latitude and longitude and height, based on a 

geodetic horizontal and vertical datum. 

GG – Geographical grid systems Harmonised multi-resolution grid with a common point of 
origin and standardised location and size of grid cells. 

GN  –  Geographical  names  Names  of  areas,  regions,  localities,  cities,  suburbs,  towns  or 
settlements, or any geographical or topographical feature of public or historical interest. 

HY - Hydrography Hydrographic elements, including marine areas and all other water bodies 
and items related to them, including river basins and sub-basins. Where appropriate, according 
to the definitions set out in Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (2) and 
in the form of networks. 

PS  –  Protected  sites  Area  designated  or  managed  within  a  framework  of  international, 
Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives. 

TN  –  Transport  networks  Road,  rail,  air  and  water  transport  networks  and  related 
infrastructure.  Includes links  between  different  networks.  Also  includes the  trans-European 
transport  network  as  defined  in  Decision  No  1692/96/EC  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the 
Council  of  23  July  1996  on  Community  Guidelines  for  the  development  of  the  trans-European 
transport network (1) and future revisions of that Decision 

EL – Elevation Digital elevation models for land, ice and ocean surface. Includes terrestrial 
elevation, bathymetry and shoreline. 

GE  –  Geology  Geology  characterised  according  to  composition  and  structure.  Includes 
bedrock, aquifers and geomorphology. 

LC  –  Land  cover  Physical  and  biological  cover  of  the  earth's  surface  including  artificial 
surfaces, agricultural areas, forests, (semi-)natural areas, wetlands, water bodies. 

OI - Orthoimagery Geo-referenced image data of the Earth's surface, from either satellite 
or airborne sensors. 

244 

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A.III 

A.III 

A.III 

A.III 

A.III 

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A.III 

AF – Agriculture and aquaculture Farming equipment and production facilities (including 
irrigation systems, greenhouses and stables). 

AM – Area management /  restriction  / regulation zones and  reporting units Areas 
managed, regulated or used for reporting at international, European, national, regional and 
local levels. Includes dumping sites, restricted areas around drinking water sources, nitrate-
vulnerable zones, regulated fairways at sea or large inland waters, areas for the dumping of waste, 
noise restriction zones, prospecting and mining permit areas, river basin districts, relevant reporting 
units and coastal zone management areas. 

AC – Atmospheric conditions Physical conditions in the atmosphere. Includes spatial data 
based on measurements, on models or on a combination thereof and includes measurement 
locations. 

BR – Bio-geographical regions Areas of relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with 
common characteristics. 

BU - Buildings Geographical location of buildings. 

ER – Energy Resources Energy resources including hydrocarbons, hydropower, bio-energy, 
solar,  wind,  etc.,  where  relevant  including  depth/height  information  on  the  extent  of  the 
resource. 

EF  –  Environmental  monitoring  facilities  Location  and  operation  of  environmental 
monitoring  facilities  includes  observation  and  measurement  of  emissions,  of  the  state  of 
environmental media and of other ecosystem parameters (biodiversity, ecological conditions 

of vegetation, etc.) by or on behalf of public authorities. 

HB  –  Habitats  and  biotopes  Geographical  areas  characterised  by  specific  ecological 
conditions,  processes,  structure,  and  (life  support)  functions  that  physically  support  the 
organisms  that  live  there.  Includes  terrestrial  and  aquatic  areas  distinguished  by 

geographical, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural. 

HH  –  Human  health  and  safety  Geographical  distribution  of  dominance  of  pathologies 
(allergies,  cancers,  respiratory  diseases,  etc.),  information  indicating  the  effect  on  health 
(biomarkers,  decline  of  fertility,  epidemics)  or  well-being  of  humans  (fatigue,  stress,  etc.)  linked 
directly (air pollution, chemicals, depletion of the ozone layer, noise, etc.) or indirectly (food, genetically 
modified organisms, etc.) to the quality of the environment. 

LU – Land use Territory characterised according to its current and future planned functional 
dimension  or  socio-economic  purpose  (e.g.  residential,  industrial,  commercial,  agricultural, 

forestry, recreational). 

MF - Meteorological geographical features Weather conditions and their measurements; 
precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, wind speed and direction. 

MR  –  Mineral  resources  Mineral resources including metal ores, industrial minerals, etc., 
where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource. 

NZ  – Natural risk zones Vulnerable areas characterised according to natural hazards (all 
atmospheric,  hydrologic,  seismic,  volcanic  and  wildfire  phenomena  that,  because  of  their 
location, severity, and frequency, have the potential to seriously affect society), e.g. floods, landslides 
and subsidence, avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. 

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OF  –  Oceanographic  geographical  features  Physical  conditions  of  oceans  (currents, 
salinity, wave heights, etc.). 

PD  –  Population  distribution  and  demography  Geographical  distribution  of  people, 
including  population  characteristics  and  activity  levels,  aggregated  by  grid,  region, 

administrative unit or other analytical unit. 

PF – Production and industrial facilities Industrial production sites, including installations 
covered by Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution 
prevention and control (1) and water abstraction facilities, mining, storage sites. 

SR – Sea regions Physical conditions of seas and saline water bodies divided into regions 
and sub-regions with common characteristics. 

SO - Soil Soils and subsoil characterised according to depth, texture, structure and content 
of  particles  and  organic  material,  stoniness,  erosion,  where  appropriate  mean  slope  and 

anticipated water storage capacity. 

SD  –  Species  Distribution  Geographical  distribution  of  occurrence  of  animal  and  plant 
species aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit. 

SU – Statistical units Units for dissemination or use of statistical information. 

US – Utility and governmental services Includes utility facilities such as sewage, waste 
management,  energy  supply  and  water  supply,  administrative  and  social  governmental 
services such as public administrations, civil protection sites, schools and hospitals. 

Source: INSPIRE Knowledge Base 

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ISBN 978-92-76-40354-8