Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency : report.
Date: 2021-07-12
Institutions: Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
Subjects: EU Member State, European currency, access to information, euro, euro area, monetary integration, monetary union, opinion poll, report, sample survey

Flash Eurobarometer 492  

Introduction of the euro in the Member States that 
have not yet adopted the common currency 

Report 

Fieldwork: 
May 2021 
Publication: 
July 2021 

Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and 
Financial Affairs and coordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication 

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The 
interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors. 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 – Ipsos European Public Affairs 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 

Report 

Introduction of the euro in the Member 
States that have not yet adopted the 
common currency 

May 2021 

Survey conducted by Ipsos European Public Affairs at the request of the European Commission, 
Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs 

Survey coordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication  
(DG COMM “Media Monitoring and Eurobarometer” Unit) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Project title 

Linguistic version 
Catalogue number 
ISBN 

© European Union, 2021 

Flash Eurobarometer Introduction of the euro in the 
Member States that have not yet adopted the common 
currency - May 2021 
Report 
EN 
KC-09-21-270-EN-N 
 978-92-76-39968-1 
doi:10.2765/078185 

https://europa.eu/eurobarometer 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Table of contents 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 

Key findings ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Section 1. Awareness of the euro ................................................................................................................................................. 5 

1.1. 

Self-assessed level of information ........................................................................................................................ 5 

1.2. 

Awareness of the number of countries currently using the euro ......................................................... 7 

1.3. 

Familiarity with the design of banknotes and coins .................................................................................. 10 

Section 2. Information campaign on the changeover to the euro ............................................................................. 12 

2.1. 

Trusted sources of information ............................................................................................................................. 13 

2.2. 

Preferred topics for information campaign .................................................................................................... 14 

2.3. 

Information actions considered essential........................................................................................................ 16 

Section 3. Attitudes towards introducing the euro ........................................................................................................... 17 

3.1. 

The impact of adopting the euro in other countries .................................................................................. 18 

3.2.  Opinion about adopting the euro .......................................................................................................................... 19 

3.3. 

Preferred timeframe for the introduction of the euro ............................................................................. 26 

Section 4. Expectations over introducing the euro ........................................................................................................... 28 

4.1. 

Expected date of introduction of the euro ...................................................................................................... 28 

4.2.  Managing the consequences of adopting the euro .................................................................................... 28 

4.3.  Other impacts of the euro ........................................................................................................................................ 33 

Technical specifications ................................................................................................................................................................... 35 

Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 39 

Data annex .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Introduction 

The  Economic  and  Monetary  Union  (EMU)  is  the  framework  of  economic  policies  covering  the 
European Union (EU) – including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term 
aim of the EMU is the economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country 
reaches the third stage it is permitted to adopt the euro as its official currency.  

The adoption of the euro is a requirement of EU membership, and all Member States must adopt the 
common currency once they have satisfied the necessary criteria defined in the Maastricht Treaty 
(with the exception of Denmark which has an opt-out from these Treaty provisions). There is no fixed 
timetable for the introduction of the euro, but the Treaty does require countries to join the euro area 
at a certain point.   

The  countries  currently  awaiting  to  adopt  the  common  currency  are  Bulgaria,  Croatia,  Czechia, 
Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden. Of the countries that joined the EU in or after 2004, Slovenia, 
Cyprus  and  Malta  joined  the  euro  area  in  January  2007  and  January  2008;  Slovakia  followed  in 
January 2009; Estonia joined in January 2011; Latvia joined in January 2014; and Lithuania adopted 
the currency on 1 January 2015.   

This survey is the 23rd in a series which began in 2004 and has helped the European Commission to 
track opinion, levels of knowledge and familiarity with the single currency among citizens regarding 
the future introduction of the common currency in their country.  

The report looks at:  

(cid:1) 

levels  of  knowledge  about  and  experience  of  the  euro  among  citizens  in  the  seven  countries 
covered by the survey;  

(cid:1)  citizens’ feelings about how well they have been informed about the euro and their preferred 

information channels for learning more about it;  

(cid:1)  citizens’ perceptions of, and support for, the single currency;  

(cid:1)  and their expectations about the adoption of the euro both for themselves and for their country, 

and any potential positive or negative consequences they imagine.   

On  behalf  of  the  European  Commission,  Directorate-General  for Directorate-General  for  Economic 
and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), Ipsos European Public Affairs interviewed a representative sample 
of citizens, aged 15 and over, in each of the seven Member States that have not yet joined the euro 
area  and  have  no  specific  opt-out.  Between  20  May  and  27  May  2021,  7 058  interviews  were 
conducted  over  the  telephone  (landline  and  mobile  phones).  Survey  data  are  weighted  to  known 
population proportions. The total results are weighted according to the size of the 15+ population of 
each EU Member State. A technical note on the methods applied to conduct the survey is appended 
as an annex to this report. 

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Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Notes: 

1)  Survey results are subject to sampling tolerances meaning that not all apparent differences 
between groups may be statistically significant. Thus, only differences that are statistically 
significant (at the 5% level) – i.e. where it can be reasonably certain that they are unlikely to 
have occurred by chance – are highlighted in the text. 

2)  The  report  looks  at  long-term  trends  across  countries  and  the  most  recent  year-on-year 
changes at national level. The term percentage point is used when comparing two different 
percentages  (the  abbreviation  is  pp).  Year-on-year  differences  are  calculated  from 
percentages with one decimal and are then rounded to the nearest integer.  

3)  Due to rounding, the percentages shown in the charts and tables do not always exactly add 

up to the totals mentioned in the text. 

4)  In this report, countries are referred to by their official abbreviation. The abbreviations used 

in this report correspond to:  

BG 

CZ 

HR 

HU 

PL 

RO 

SE 

  Bulgaria 

  Czechia 

  Croatia 

  Hungary 

  Poland 

  Romania 

  Sweden 

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Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Key findings 

Awareness of the euro 

(cid:1)  Around  half  of  respondents  feel  informed  about  the  euro.  In  five  of  the  countries,  a  slim 
majority of respondents feel informed about the euro: Bulgaria and Czechia (both 54%), Sweden 
(53%), and Hungary and Poland (both 52%). A little under half feel informed in Croatia (46%) and 
Romania (48%).  

(cid:1)  One in three respondents know that there are 19 countries in the euro area. Respondents in 
Croatia (43%) are the most likely to answer correctly, while only around a quarter of respondents 
in Romania (27%) give the right answer.   

(cid:1)  The proportion of respondents who answer that they have used euro banknotes or coins varies 
between 81% in Hungary and 89% in Croatia and Sweden. Respondents in Romania are the most 
likely to have used euro banknotes or coins in their own country, while respondents in Sweden 
tend to have only used these abroad. 

(cid:1)  Less than half know that euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries where the 
euro is used. Romania (61%), Croatia (57%) and Sweden (54%) remain the only countries where 
a majority of respondents are aware that euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries.  

(cid:1)  Four in ten respondents know that euro coins have partly different designs from country to 

country. This ranges from 22% in Romania to 52% in Czechia.  

Information campaigns 

(cid:1)  National Central Banks (NCB) remain the most trusted source of information regarding 
the changeover, for more than seven in ten overall (73%). Trust in NCBs is particularly high in 
Sweden  (91%)  and  Czechia  (90%).  European  institutions  are  the  second  most  trusted  source 
(trusted by 68% overall).  

(cid:1)  All of the topics presented for an information campaign are considered essential by more than 
eight in ten respondents, with the exception of what the notes and coins would look like, which is 
seen as relatively less important (but still mentioned by 62%).  

(cid:1)  When presented with a list of different channels and ways of displaying the information, more 

than three quarters of respondents (78%) say dual display of prices in shops is essential.  

Attitudes towards introducing the euro  

(cid:1)  Across all countries, at least a slim majority of respondents think the euro has had positive 
consequences for those countries already using it; this figure ranges from 52% in Czechia 
and Bulgaria to 71% in Romania.  

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(cid:1)  Across the seven countries, 57% are in favour of introducing the euro, while 40% are against. 
There is wide variation at country level: three quarters are in favour of introducing the euro in 
Romania,  but  in  Czechia  and  Sweden,  a  majority  of  respondents  are  against  the  idea  of 
introducing the euro. 

(cid:1)  The proportion of respondents who think that their country is ready to introduce the euro 
remains low in each of the countries surveyed. Around a third of respondents in Croatia feel their 
country is ready (34%), while those in Poland are least likely to think their country is ready to 
introduce the euro (18%).  

(cid:1)  Respondents  who  believe  that  the  introduction  of  the  euro  would  have  positive 
consequences for their country outnumber those thinking consequences will be negative (52% 
vs. 43%). In Poland and Sweden, negative views still outweigh positive views.   

(cid:1)  More than half (55%) say that the euro’s introduction would have positive consequences 
for  them  personally,  while  a  smaller  proportion  (38%)  believe  it  would  have  negative 
consequences. In four countries, a majority of respondents say that the personal consequences 
of  introducing  the  euro  would  be  positive,  while  more  than  half  in  Czechia  (61%)  believe  the 
introduction of the euro will have negative consequences.  

(cid:1)  About  one  in  four  respondents  overall  think  that  the  euro  should  be  introduced  in  their 
country as soon as possible, while 36% believe the euro should be introduced in their country 
as late as possible or never.  

Expectations over the introduction of the euro 

(cid:1)  About three in ten (29%) respondents think that the euro will be introduced in their country 
within  five  years.  However,  there  is  considerable  variation  by  country,  ranging  from  8%  in 
Sweden to 78% in Croatia.  

(cid:1)  Over six in ten think that introducing the euro will increase prices and this is the majority view 
in all countries except Hungary. The highest proportions are observed in Czechia (77%), Croatia 
(71%), Bulgaria (69%) and Poland (66%).   

(cid:1)  About  seven  in  ten  agree  that  they  are  concerned  about  abusive  price  setting  during  the 
changeover,  and  this  is  the  majority  opinion  in  all  countries  surveyed,  ranging  from  53%  in 
Sweden to 82% in Croatia.   

(cid:1)  Almost nine in ten agree that they personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of 
the national currency by the euro. The overall level of agreement is around 90% in five countries, 
but is somewhat lower in Bulgaria (83%) and decreasing to 76% in Czechia.  

(cid:1)  Four in ten respondents agree that adopting the euro will mean losing control over national 
economic  policy.  Respondents  in  Sweden  are  the  most  likely  to  agree  (67%),  while  those  in 
Hungary are the least likely to do so (24%). 

(cid:1)  Respondents are more likely to disagree (55%) than to agree (43%) that adopting the euro will 

mean that their country will lose a part of its identity. 

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Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Section 1. Awareness of the euro  

The first section of the report looks at how well-informed respondents feel about the euro in countries 
that have not yet adopted the currency. It also looks at people’s awareness of how many countries 
already use the euro, and what experience people have had with the currency and where they have 
used it. Finally, the section examines how familiar respondents are with the design of euro banknotes 
and coins. 

1.1.  Self-assessed level of information 

As in previous years, around half of respondents feel informed about the euro 

Across the survey as a whole, about half of respondents (51%) feel informed about the euro, with a 
little under half (48%) saying they do not feel informed. This result is stable with the share who felt 
informed in 2020 (51%). 

Q5 

To what extent do you feel informed about the euro? Do you feel: (% - Total) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 

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Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

In five of the countries, a slim majority of respondents feel informed about the euro: Bulgaria and 
Czechia  (both  54%),  Sweden  (53%),  and  Hungary  and  Poland  (both  52%).  A  little  under  half  feel 
informed in Croatia (46%) and Romania (48%).  

The most notable change since the 2020 survey has been an increase in the proportion of respondents 
in Bulgaria who feel informed (+10 pp). There has also been an increase in this figure in Hungary  
(+7 pp), while in Croatia, a significant decrease in the proportion feeling informed is seen (-6 pp).  

Q5 

To what extent do you feel informed about the euro? Do you feel: (%)1 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

In terms of socio-demographic  differences, men are more likely than women to feel informed 
about the euro (63% vs. 40%). Older respondents are more likely to feel informed than their younger 
counterparts (52%-55% of those aged 40-54 or 55+ feel informed, compared to 45% of those aged 
15-24).   

The level of education is a key factor in how well-informed people feel: only 28% of those who left 
education aged 15 or younger feel informed, compared with 56% of those who left at the age of 20 
or  over.  By  occupation,  self-employed  people  (67%)  are  more  likely  to  describe  themselves  as 
informed, compared with employees (52%), manual workers (49%) and those not working (46%).  

People who have used euro banknotes or coins in the past are more likely to feel informed than those 
who have not (56% vs. 27%). 

1 Due to rounding, the totals shown in the table do not always exactly add up to the percentages in the chart. 

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Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
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1.2.  Awareness of the number of countries currently using the euro 

One in three respondents know that there are 19 countries in the euro area 

Respondents were asked how many countries they thought were in the euro area. They were provided 
with four possible options: 6, 13, 19 (which is the correct answer) and all EU countries. 

Across all countries, one in three give the correct answer to this question, which is a decrease on the 
proportion seen in 2020 (from 40% to 32%, -8 percentage points). Respondents in Croatia (43%) are 
the most likely to answer correctly, while only around one in five respondents in Romania (27%) give 
the right answer. The proportion of respondents giving the correct answer has decreased markedly in 
five  of  the  seven  countries:  Sweden  (40%,  -6  pp),  Czechia  (35%,  -7  pp),  Hungary  (33%,  
-7 pp), Poland (31%, -9 pp) and Romania (27%, -11 pp). In these countries, respondents who thought 
that the euro area now consists of 13 countries outnumbered those giving the correct response. 

Q4a  According to you, how many EU countries have already introduced the euro?  

(% correct answers ‘19’) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

In terms of socio-demographic differences, men are more likely than women to know that 19 EU 
countries have introduced the euro (41% vs. 25%). Respondents aged 15-24 are less likely to answer 
correctly than those in older age groups (26% vs. 33%-34% of those aged 25+). 

Those  who  left  education  aged  15  or  younger  are  less  likely  to  know  the  correct  answer  (19% 
compared with 36% of those who left school aged 20 or older). Respondents who have used euro 
banknotes or coins in the past are more likely to know the correct answer, compared with those who 
have not (34% vs. 25%).  

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Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

85% of respondents have previously used euro banknotes or coins 

Respondents were also asked again whether they have used euro banknotes or coins before. 85% 
say that they have already used euro banknotes or coins; this is a higher proportion than observed in 
the 2020 survey (74%, +9 pp).  

In 2020, the proportion having used euro banknotes or coins varied considerably between countries; 
in the current survey, however, a more uniform picture is seen. The proportion of respondents who 
answer that they have used euro banknotes or coins varies between 81% in Hungary and 89% in 
Croatia and Sweden.   

Q1a  Have you already used euro banknotes or coins?    

(% Yes) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

In terms of socio-demographic differences, men are more likely than women to have previously 
used euros (89% vs. 81%). There are significant differences by age, with those aged 25-39 or 40-54 
more likely to have used the euro than both the youngest and oldest respondents (89%-90% vs. 82% 
of those aged 82% and 80% of those aged 55+). 

The level of education is also a factor: those who left full-time education aged 15 or younger are less 
likely to have used euros than those who spent a longer time in education (61% vs. 89% of those 
leaving education aged 20 or over). In terms of working status, self-employed workers and (to a lesser 
extent) employees are more likely to have used euros than both manual workers and employees (95% 
of  manual  workers  and  90%  of  self-employed  workers  versus  75%-76%  of  manual  workers  and 
those not working have used the euro). 

The level of urbanisation also shows differences: people living in rural areas and small/medium-sized 
towns are less likely to have used euros than those living in large towns/cities (80%-83% vs. 89% of 
those in large towns/cities).  

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Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Four in ten respondents have previously used euro banknotes or coins in their own 
country 

Respondents who have already used euro banknotes and coins were asked where they had used them.   

Four  in  ten  overall  say  that  they  have  used  euros  in  their  own  country  (41%  vs.  43%  in  2020). 
Specifically, 7% say they have used them only in their own country, while 34% have used them both 
in their own country and abroad.  

About eight in ten respondents in Romania (79%) have already used euro banknotes or coins in their 
country (or in both their country and abroad). In Croatia, 55% of respondents report to have already 
used euro banknotes or coins in their country (or in both their country and abroad).  

Also as seen in the 2020 survey, respondents in Sweden are the least likely to have used euro notes 
or coins at home, with 11% giving this answer. In Sweden, the vast majority of those who have used 
euro banknotes and coins (89%) say that they did so only when abroad.   

Q1b 

You said you already used euro banknotes or coins. Was it…?   
(% in (OUR COUNTRY) + in (OUR COUNTRY) and abroad) 

Base: Base: respondents who have already used euro banknotes or coins (n=6 145) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic analysis highlights that men are more likely than women to have already used 
euro banknotes or coins in their country - either just in their country, or both in their country and 
abroad (48% vs. 34%). There are no notable differences with regard to respondents’ age.  

Respondents’ who completed their education aged 19 or younger are more likely to have used euros 
in their country than those who finished their education later in life: 54% of those who left full-time 

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Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

education aged 15 or under and 48% of those who completed their education aged 16-19 have used 
euros in their country, compared to 38% of those who left education aged 20 or over. Self-employed 
people  are  particularly  likely  to  have  used  euros  in  their  own  country  (51%  vs.  40-44%  in  other 
occupation groups).  

There is also a difference by the level of urbanisation: people living in rural areas are more likely to 
have  used  euros  in  their  own  country  than  those  living  in  small/medium-sized  towns  and  large 
towns/cities (47% vs. 40%-38% in small/medium-sized towns and large towns/cities). 

1.3.  Familiarity with the design of banknotes and coins 

a.  Banknote design 

Less than half know that euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries where 
the euro is used 

Less than half of respondents (46%) agree that euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries 
where they are used; this result represents a small increase from the proportion recorded in the 2020 
survey (43%, +3 pp).  

Romania  (61%),  Croatia  (57%)  and  Sweden  (54%)  are  the  only  countries  where  a  majority  of 
respondents are aware that euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries. As in 2020, the 
proportion knowing this fact about euro banknotes is lowest in Poland (38%); this figure for Poland, 
nonetheless, is higher than the one observed in 2020 (31%, +7pp).  

Q2 

Which of the following statements do you think is correct?  
(% correct answers ‘The euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries 
that use the euro’) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

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Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Socio-demographic analysis shows that women (49%) are more likely than men (43%) to know 
that euro banknotes look the same in all countries that use them. Levels of knowledge vary by age 
group: awareness is higher among respondents aged 15-24 compared to those in all older age groups 
(56% vs. 43%-47% for those aged 25+).   

Respondents who completed their education aged 20+ are more likely than those who completed 
their education earlier in life to give the wrong answer (44% vs 27%-35% of those who completed 
their education aged 19 or younger). 

There are differences by working status, with higher levels of awareness observed among manual 
workers (53%) and employees (45%) than among self-employed workers (41%).  

b.  Coin design  

Four in ten respondents know that euro coins have partly different designs from country 
to country 

Overall, four in ten respondents (41%) are aware that euro coins have partly different designs from 
country to country. However, this figure varies considerably by country, from 22% in Romania to 52% 
in Czechia.  

Compared with 2020, there has been no significant change at an overall level of correct answers, 
although there  have been  some  changes  at  country  level,  where  the proportion  giving  the  correct 
answer  has  increased  with  between  five  and  seven  percentage  points:  Hungary  (+7  pp),  Croatia  
(+6 pp) and Romania (+5 pp). 

Q3 

Which of the following statements do you think is correct?    
(% correct answers ‘The euro coins have partly different designs from country to 
country’) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

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Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Socio-demographic analysis shows that men (50%) are more likely than women (33%) to know 
that euro coins vary partly in design from country to country. Levels of knowledge vary by age group 
as well: respondents aged 25-39 and 40-54 (45% and 46%, respectively) are the most likely to know 
this, while those aged 55 or older are the least likely to do so (35%).   

The higher respondents’ level of education, the more likely they are to know that euro coins vary 
partly in design from country to country: 45% of those who left full-time education aged 20 or over 
give this answer, compared with 27% of those who left aged 15 or younger and 35% of those who 
completed their education aged 16-19..  

Self-employed workers (54%) and employees (44%) are more likely to know this than manual workers 
and those not in work (36% and 33%, respectively). Prior use of euro banknotes or coins is positively 
related to awareness. Those who have used them are more likely to know that euro coins vary partly 
in design from country to country (43% compared with 29% of those who have not used them before).  

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Section 2. Information campaign on the changeover to the euro   

This section looks at different elements of the information campaign conducted when a country joins 
the euro area. It examines who is most trusted to provide information, what information people would 
find most useful, and the actions that are considered most important for communication.   

2.1.  Trusted sources of information  

Nearly three quarters of respondents would trust information on the changeover to the 
euro if it came from their National Central Bank 

The National Central Banks (NCBs) remain the most trusted source of information regarding the 
changeover to the euro, mentioned by more than seven in ten overall (73%). Trust in NCBs remains 
lowest in Poland (61%) and Croatia (63%), while it is highest in Sweden (91%) and Czechia (90%).   

European institutions are the second most trusted source of information, mentioned by about two 
thirds of respondents overall (68%). At least half of respondents trust the European institutions across 
all countries. The highest levels of trust are seen among respondents in Romania (80%), followed by 
Sweden (72%).  

Nine out of ten in Sweden would trust information on the changeover to the euro coming from tax 
or fiscal administrations, compared with 58% on average. Less than half would trust this source 
in Bulgaria (39%), Hungary (46%) and Croatia (48%).  

A majority of 57% express trust in consumer associations, ranging from 36% in Hungary to 70% 
in Czechia. Just over half (53%) express trust in commercial banks, ranging from 36% in Croatia to 
76% in Czechia.  

About  one  in  two  of  all  respondents  (51%)  would  trust  government,  national  or  regional 
authorities as sources of information on the changeover to the euro. Again, trust is much higher in 
Sweden (84%), and lowest in Bulgaria, Croatia and Poland (all 40%).  

Almost four in ten (38%) say that they trust trade unions. The highest proportion is seen in Sweden 
(48%) and the lowest in Hungary (27%).  

As in the 2020 survey, trust in journalists is the lowest of the various sources, with 33% expressing 
trust in them as a source of information, and with levels of trust particularly low in Hungary (13%).  

For  most  items,  an  overall  increase  since  the  2020  survey  was  seen,  of  between  3-12  pp  of 
respondents seeing them as essential. Large increases on several items are seen in several countries, 
while there have been some decreases on a number of items in Bulgaria.  

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Q6 

Before the euro is introduced in (THIS COUNTRY) there would normally be an information 
campaign on the changeover. For each of the following institutions or groups, please tell me 
if you would trust information they provide on the changeover to the euro? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic analysis shows that while there are only minor differences by gender, trust 
tends to decrease as the age of the respondent increases, as seen in previous surveys. For example, 
86% of those aged 15-24 would trust information from the National Central Bank, compared with 
65% of those aged 55 or over. An exception is trust in journalists, which is lowest among those aged 
15-24 (21% vs. 32%-36% in all other age groups).   

In  most  cases,  trust  in  the  various  institutions  rises  as  levels  of  education  increase,  although  the 
extent of these differences varies. For example, 83% of those who left education at the age of 20 or 
above trust European institutions as a source of information on the changeover, compared with 57% 
of those who left education by the age of 15.   

Respondents who have a favourable attitude towards the introduction of the euro in their country are 
more likely to trust information from most of these sources. This pattern is particularly pronounced 
in  relation  to  trust  in  European  institutions:  81%  of those  who  are  favourable  towards  the euro’s 
introduction say they would trust European institutions, compared with 51% of those who are against 
the introduction of the euro. The exceptions are trust in the National Central Bank and in trade unions, 
which is similar among those in favour and against joining the euro.   

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the common currency 

2.2.  Preferred topics for information campaign  

Almost all elements of the information campaign are viewed as essential, especially in 
Czechia and Bulgaria 

Respondents were asked which topics would be an essential part of any information campaign for 
the changeover to the euro. 

All of the topics presented are considered essential by the majority of respondents, with only the 
more aesthetic elements of what the notes and coins would look like seen as relatively less important. 
Indeed – with the clear exception of what the euro banknotes and coins look like, most of the 
issues are seen as broadly equal in importance. There has been an increase of between 3-9 pp on 
each of the topics at an overall level since the 2020 survey.  

More than eight in ten say that each of the other topics are essential: 86% believe that information 
on the way in which the euro will be introduced into the country is essential, closely followed by 
the  proportions  mentioning  other  topics:  social,  economic  or  political  implications  (85%), 
information about the value of one euro (85%), practical implications of the euro (84%) and 
information  on  how  to  ensure  that  the  rules  for  the  currency  conversion  into  euro  are 
respected (82%).  

Just over six in ten (62%) say that information on what the euro banknotes and coins would 
look like would be essential.   

In  Czechia,  Poland  and  Romania,  the  view  that  the  various  topics  are  essential  is  generally  more 
prevalent  than  in  other  countries,  especially  when  compared  with  Hungary.  Bulgaria  shows  large 
decreases  since  2020  in  the  proportions  saying  various  topics  are  essential,  while  the  largest 
increases are seen Croatia and Romania.  

Q7 

In your view, which of the following issues about the euro are essential to be covered in 
priority by the information campaign on the changeover to the euro in (THIS COUNTRY)? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

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Socio-demographic analysis shows that for most of the topics listed, women are more likely than 
men to find them an essential part of any information campaign for the changeover to the euro. For 
example, 66% of women find how euro banknotes and coins look like an essential topic, compared to 
57% of men.   

Older respondents (aged 55 or over) are less likely to see some topics as essential, such as the way 
the euro will be introduced (82% vs. 86-89% in younger age groups) , practical implications (80% vs. 
85-89%) and social, economic or political implications (82% vs. 86%-88%) 

There is a greater interest in all of the information amongst those with a higher level of education. 
For example, 87% of those who ended their education at the age of 20 or above say that information 
on the way the euro will be introduced is essential, compared with 75% of those who left education 
at the age of 15 or below.  

2.3. 

Information actions considered essential  

More than three quarters of respondents say dual display of prices in shops is essential 

Having first discussed the topics which could form the content of the campaign, respondents were 
also  presented  with  a  list of  different  channels  and ways  of  displaying the information  and  were 
asked which of them would be essential.   

With the exception of leaflets and brochures (49%), a majority of respondents overall say that 
each of these campaign actions is essential.  

In every country covered by the survey, at least seven in ten respondents say that dual display of 
prices in shops is essential (78% overall). Seven in ten respondents overall think that dual display 
of the amount on bills is essential, and over six in ten (65%) believe it is essential to provide dual 
display on pay slips. As in 2020, respondents in Romania are the most likely to say that dual display 
is essential (in shops, bills and pay slips), while those in Poland are least likely to say it is essential.  

About three quarters (74%) also say that it is essential to provide information on the internet or 
social  media,  ranging  from  61%  in  Hungary  to  81%  in  Poland.  The  overall  importance  of  this 
campaign action is higher than in 2020 (+6 pp).  

TV advertisements are also seen as essential by two thirds of respondents, ranging from 52% in 
Hungary to 77% in Romania. Advertising in newspapers (58%) or on radio (60%) are also supported 
by a majority, with respondents in Poland and Romania being the most likely to see these forms of 
advertising as essential.  

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Q8 

Here is a list of various possible information campaign actions on the euro changeover. 
Could you tell me for each of them whether you would find it essential? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic  analysis  shows  that  there  are  no  significant  differences  between  men  and 
women in terms of the importance they attach to the various possible information campaign actions 
on the euro changeover. 

Age differences also tend to be limited. An exception are leaflets or brochures, which those aged 55+ 
more often find essential than those aged 15-24 or 25-39 (53% of those aged 55+ vs. 40%-46% in 
the younger two age groups find this form of advertising essential).  

While there is little difference by educational level in terms of dual display pricing, there are clear 
differences  in  terms  of  media.  Those  who  left  full-time  education  later  show  more  interest  in 
advertising  in  newspapers  or  on  radio,  and  are  much  more  likely  to  say  it  is  essential  to  have 
information online (75% of those who left full-time education at the age of 20 or above, compared 
with 58% of those who left education aged 15 or under).  

The main difference by working status is that manual workers less frequently find information on the 
euro changeover via various many channels essential. For example, 57% of manual workers find TV 
advertisements essential, compared to between 65%-69% in the other employment groups, including 
those not working. 

Generally, those who are in favour of the euro’s introduction are more likely to see advertising as 
essential (on television, radio or in newspapers) and to say it is essential to have information online.  

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Section 3. Attitudes towards introducing the euro 

This chapter examines general attitudes towards the euro, both in terms of the perceived impact it is 
felt to have had in countries which already use the euro, and expectations for what it will mean when 
their country joins the euro area.   

3.1.  The impact of adopting the euro in other countries  

The general view is that the introduction of the euro has had positive rather than 
negative consequences in the countries that are already using the euro 

A majority of EU citizens surveyed (60%) think the euro has had positive consequences for those 
countries already using it; this figure presents an increase of four percentage points over 2020. The 
proportion saying that the euro has had negative consequences remained stable at 30%, while the 
proportion saying they ‘don’t know’ whether the euro has had either positive or negative consequences 
had decreased from 14% to 10% (-4 pp). 

Q9 

What consequences do you think the introduction of the euro has had in the countries that 
are already using the euro? (% - Total) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 

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Across  all  countries,  at  least  a  slim  majority  of  respondents  think  the  euro  has  had  positive 
consequences  for  those  countries  already  using  it;  this  figure  ranges  from  52%  in  Czechia  and 
Bulgaria to 71% in Romania. The proportion saying that the consequences have been ‘very positive’, 
however, remains below 10% in all countries, expect in Romania, where 16% select this response. 

Since the previous Flash Eurobarometer survey in 2020, there has been a notable increase in the 
proportion who believe the euro has had positive consequences in Sweden (+11 pp), Romania (+9 pp) 
and Czechia (+5 pp). 

Q9 

What consequences do you think the introduction of the euro has had in the countries that 
are already using the euro? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic analysis shows that men are slightly more likely than women to feel that the 
euro  has  had  a  positive  effect  in  the  countries  already  using  it  (62%  vs.  59%).  There  are  more 
pronounced differences by age: 75% of 15-24 year olds believe that it has had a positive effect, 
which compares to 60% of 25-39 year olds, and 58% of those aged 40+.   

Respondents’ education level has no significant influence on their opinion on the impact of the euro 
in countries already using the currency, except that those who are still studying are more positive 
than all of those who completed their education (75% vs. 56%-60% of those who completed their 
education aged 15 or below, aged 16-19, or aged 20+),.  

Respondents living in a large town or city, are more positive about the impact of the euro in countries 
already using it than those in less urban areas (63% vs. 58%-59% of those living in a rural area or 
small/medium-sized town).  

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Those who have used euros, those who feel informed about the euro and those who think the euro 
would have positive consequences for their country and themselves, as well as those in favour of 
introducing the euro in their own country, are all more likely to think it has had a positive impact in 
countries already using it. 

3.2.  Opinion about adopting the euro 

Support for introducing the euro varies by country – strongest in Hungary and Romania, 
weakest in Czechia and Sweden 

Overall, 57% of respondents are in favour of introducing the euro in their country, but there is wide 
variation at country level. As in 2020, opinion is most positive in Romania (75% in favour) and Hungary 
(69%), while it is most negative in Czechia (33%) and Sweden (43%). In the latter two countries, a 
majority  of  respondents  are  against  the  idea  of  introducing  the  euro;  in  Czechia,  one  in  three 
respondents even say to be ‘very much’ against its introduction. 

Across  all  countries,  except  Czechia,  there  has  been  an  increase  in  the  proportion  in  favour  of 
introducing the euro compared to 2020; the largest such increase is observed in Romania (from  63% 
to 75%, +11 pp). 

Q11  Generally speaking, are you personally more in favour or against the idea of introducing the 

euro in (THIS COUNTRY)? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

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Socio-demographic analysis shows that support for introducing the euro in their own country is 
higher among men (61%) than among women (54%). Analysis by age group shows that support for 
introducing the euro is highest among 15-24 year olds (63%) and lowest among those aged 25-39 
(52%).  

Respondents’ education level has no significant impact on their attitude to introducing the euro in 
their own country, except that those still studying are more positive than those who completed their 
education (66%  of  those still  studying  are  in  favour  of  introducing  the  euro in  their  own  country, 
compared to 51%-57% of those who completed their education at any age). In relation to working 
status, manual workers are less likely to favour introducing the euro (46%), compared to all other 
occupation groups, including those not working (57%-61%%).  

Respondents  who  feel  informed  about  the  euro  are  more  likely  to  support  its  introduction  (62% 
compared with 52% of those who do not feel informed).  

a.  Perception of readiness of the country  

Around a quarter of respondents think their country is ready to introduce the euro 

The proportion of respondents who think that their country is ready to introduce the euro remains low 
in each of the countries surveyed. In total, 23% reply that they think that think their country is ready. 
Respondents  in  Croatia  (34%)  are  the  most  likely  to  feel  their  country  is  ready,  while  the  lowest 
proportion is found again in Poland (18%).  

In two countries, there has been a notable change since 2020 in the proportion thinking their country 
is ready: Sweden (+5 pp, up to 28%) and Romania (-5 pp, down to 27%). 

Q4b 

In your opinion, is (THIS COUNTRY) ready to introduce the euro? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

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Socio-demographic analysis shows that men are more likely than women to say that their country 
is ready (26% vs. 20%), while there is no clear pattern by age, level of education or occupation.  

Respondents who are in favour of introducing the euro in their country are much more likely to say it 
is ready than those who are against its introduction (36% vs. 5%). Respondents who feel informed 
about the euro are also more likely to say that their country is ready (28% vs. 18% of those who do 
not feel informed). 

b.  Consequences of introducing the euro for the country  

A slim majority expect that introducing the euro would have positive consequences for 
their country 

In 2020, approximately the same proportions of respondents believed that the introduction of the 
euro  would  have  positive  consequences  for  their  country  and  that  it  would  have  negative 
consequences (45% vs. 47%). In the current wave, positive views outweigh negative views: 52% for 
‘positive consequences’ (+7 pp) vs. 43% for ‘negative consequences’ (-4 pp).  

Q10_1 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for 

(THIS COUNTRY)? (% - Total) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 

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In  four  countries,  positive  views  outweigh  negative  views.  Respondents  in  Romania  (63%)  and 
Hungary  (60%)  are  the  most  likely  to  say  that  the  introduction  of  the  euro  would  have  positive 
consequences.  In  Romania,  the  proportion  of  positive  views  increased  by  13  percentages  points 
compared to 2020. A significant increase in positive views is also seen in Croatia (56%, +9 pp), Poland 
(51%, +6 pp) and Sweden (45%, +10 pp). In the latter countries, however, negative views continue to 
outnumber positive views. 

Q10_1 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for 

(THIS COUNTRY)? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic  analysis  shows  that  men  are  more  likely  than  women  to  view  the 
consequences of introducing the euro as positive for their country (56% vs. 49%). Respondents in the 
25-39 age group less often see positive consequences than those in all other age groups (45% vs. 
51%-56% of those aged 15-24 or 40+). For education there is no clear pattern.  

Manual workers (42%) are less likely than employees, self-employed workers and those not working 
(52%-55%)  to  say  the  consequences  would  be  positive.  Compared  to  those  in  less  urban  areas, 
respondents  in  large  towns  or  cities  often  think  the  introduction  of  the  euro  would  have  positive 
consequences  for  their  country  (56%  of  the  latter  compared  to  49%-51%  in  rural  areas  or 
small/medium-sized towns).  

Respondents who feel informed about the euro are more likely to say that the euro’s introduction would 
have  positive  consequences  for  their  country  (57%  vs.  47%  of  those  who  do  not  feel  informed). 

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Respondents who are in favour of introducing the euro in their country are much more likely to say the 
consequences would be positive than those who oppose the introduction of the euro (83% vs. 10%). 

c.  Consequences of introducing the euro at personal level  

A slim majority expect that introducing the euro would have positive consequences for 
them personally 

Compared to 2020, respondents overall are not only more positive about the consequences that the 
introduction of the euro would have for their country, but also for them personally. More than half 
(55%, +8 pp) say that the euro’s introduction would have positive consequences for them personally, 
while a smaller proportion (38%, -3 pp) believe it would have negative consequences.  

Q10_2 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for 

you personally? (% - Total) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 

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In Romania (70%, +16 pp compared to 2020), a large majority of respondents say that, for them 
personally, the introduction of the euro would have positive consequences. This view is also shared 
by a majority of respondents in Hungary (63%), Croatia (57%) and Poland (53%). However, in Czechia, 
a majority (61%) believe the introduction of the euro will have negative consequences.   

Q10_2 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative consequences for 

you personally? (% - Total) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic analysis shows that men are more likely than women to say that the euro’s 
introduction would have positive consequences for them personally (59% vs. 51%). Respondents aged 
15-24 are also more likely than those in other age groups to share this view (63%, compared with 
52%-55% in the older age groups).  

There are differences by level of education as well: those who finished full-time education at the age 
of 20 or above are more likely (56%) than those who stopped education by the age of 15 or below 
(43%) or aged 16-19 (51%) to answer that the euro’s introduction would have positive consequences 
for them personally. Self-employed workers (60%), employees (56%) and those not working (53%) 
are also more likely than manual workers (45%) to expect positive consequences for them personally. 

Respondents living in large towns are again more positive: more than half (59%) say that the euro’s 
introduction  would  have  positive  consequences  for  them  personally,  compared  with  52%  of  both 
those in small or mid-size towns and in rural villages.  

Again, those who feel informed about the euro (61% vs. 49%) and those in favour of its introduction 
(85% vs. 13%) are more positive about the consequences of the euro’s introduction for them personally. 

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3.3.  Preferred timeframe for the introduction of the euro  

Over four in ten respondents think the euro should be introduced as late as possible or 
never 

About one in four respondents overall think that the euro should be introduced in their country as 
soon as possible (26%, +7 pp compared to 2020). More than one in three (36%) believe the euro 
should be introduced in their country as late as possible or never (-7 pp).  

Q12  When would you like the euro to become your currency? (% - Total) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 

Respondents in Romania are the most likely to want the euro to be introduced as soon as possible; 
this view is shared by 46%, an increase of 20 percentage points compared to 2020. In Czechia and 
Sweden, on the other hand, just 9% and 13%, respectively, share this view. In Czechia and Sweden, 
most respondents say they would like the euro to become their country’s currency as late as possible 
(24% and 18%, respectively) or ‘never’ (37% and 39%, respectively).   

In  four  countries,  views  have  become  more  positive  about  the  introduction  of  the  euro,  with  the 
proportion  saying  the  euro  should  be  introduced  ‘as  late  as  possible’  or  ‘never’  having  decreased 
significantly. This is the case, for example, in Poland (from 46% in 2020 to 37% now; -9 pp). 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Q12  When would you like the euro to become your currency? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

According to socio-demographic analysis, men are more likely than women to want the euro to be 
introduced as soon as possible (32% vs. 19%), while women are more likely to want it introduced as 
late as possible or never (39% vs. 34%).   

Respondents aged 15-25 are relatively likely to say that they want to see the euro introduced ‘after 
a certain time’; 55% say this, compared to 38% of those aged 26-39 and 32% of those aged 40+.  

Respondents’ education level does not show any clear pattern, except that those still studying tend 
to be more in favour of introducing the euro ‘after a certain time’; 56% of those still studying say 
this, compared to 25%-36% among those who completed their education at any age. Once again, 
attitudes are particularly negative among manual workers; 47% want it introduced as late as possible 
or never.  

Respondents  who  feel  informed  about  the  euro  are  more  likely  to  want  it  introduced  as  soon  as 
possible (32% vs. 19% of those who do not feel informed), and are less likely to want it introduced 
as late as possible or never (33% vs. 40%). Respondents who have positive views about the euro (e.g. 
those who are in favour of its introduction and who think it has positive consequences) are much 
more likely to want it to be adopted more quickly. However, even those with positive views of the 
euro are more likely to want it introduced ‘after a certain time’ rather than ‘as soon as possible’. For 
example, among those who think that the euro has had a positive impact in countries already using 
it, 36% want it introduced as soon as possible in their own country, but 46% think it should happen 
‘after a certain time’. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Section 4. Expectations over introducing the euro 

The fourth section looks at when people expect the euro will be introduced, and their perceptions 
regarding the impact the introduction of the euro will have on their countries.   

4.1.  Expected date of introduction of the euro 

About three in ten respondents think the euro will be introduced in their country in the 
next five years 

About three in ten (29%) respondents think that the euro will be introduced in their country within 
five years. However, there is a large variation by country. In Croatia (78%, +12 pp compared to 2020) 
and Bulgaria (64%, +5 pp), more than half of those surveyed think the euro will be introduced within 
the next five years, compared to fewer than one in ten (8%) respondents in Sweden.  

Four in ten respondents overall think that the euro will be introduced within ten years in their country, 
with respondents in Poland (47%), Hungary (43%) and Czechia (42%) being the most likely to give 
this answer. In Sweden, on the other hand, 51% expect that the euro will never be introduced in their 
country.  

Q4c  When do you think the euro will be introduced in (THIS COUNTRY)? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

In the socio-demographic analysis, men or more likely than women to think that the euro will never 
be introduced in their country (29% vs 26%). There are some differences by age as well, with older 
people being more likely to expect that the euro will be introduced within five years (36% among 
those  aged  55  or  over,  compared  with  23%-27%  in  the  younger  age  groups).  The  younger 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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respondents are, the more likely they are to think that the euro will be introduced within 10 years 
(51% of those aged 15-24 think so, decreasing to 34% of those aged 55+).   

Those who left full-time education aged 20 or over are more likely to think it will be introduced within 
10 years (41% vs. 24% of those who left education by the age of 15).  

Those who hold positive attitudes towards the euro are more likely to believe that it will be introduced 
more quickly. Among those in favour of introducing the euro, 38% expect to see it introduced within 
five years, compared with 16% of those opposed to the euro. 

4.2.  Managing the consequences of adopting the euro  

a.  The impact of the euro on prices  

Over six in ten respondents think the euro will increase prices 

More than six in ten respondents (62%) think that introducing the euro will increase prices. This 
figure varies at the country level but, in all countries (the exception being Hungary), it is the majority 
view. The highest proportions can be observed in Czechia (77%, +8 pp compared to 2020), Croatia 
(71%), Bulgaria (69%) and Poland (66%).  

About three in ten (31%) of those surveyed believe that introducing the euro will help keep prices 
stable. Respondents in Hungary (41%), Romania (39%) and Sweden (37%) are the most likely to give 
this answer. The view that the euro will help keep prices stable has grown in these countries (from 
+4 pp to +7 pp).  

Only 3% think the introduction of the euro will help reduce prices, ranging from 1% in Poland 
and Czechia to 7% in Romania.   

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Q13  What impact, if any, do you think the introduction of the euro will have on prices in (THIS 

COUNTRY)? (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

According to the socio-demographic analysis, women are more likely than men to say that prices 
will increase with the introduction of the euro (65% vs. 57%), while men are more likely than women 
to say it will keep prices stable (35% vs 27%). There are also differences by age, with the youngest 
respondents less likely to think the euro will increase prices (50% of those aged 15-24 vs. 61-66% 
in the older age groups). 

Those  with  negative  attitudes  towards the euro  are more  likely to  say that it will increase prices. 
Among those opposed to the introduction of the euro, 89% think it will bring price increases, compared 
with 44% of those who are in favour of the euro’s introduction.   

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b.  Abusive price setting and cheating  

There is widespread concern over the possibility of abusive price setting during 
changeover 

About  seven  in  ten  (71%)  agree  that  they  are  concerned  about  abusive  price  setting  during  the 
changeover,  while  27%  disagree  that  this  will  be  a  problem.  In  every  country,  the  majority  of 
respondents agree that they are concerned, ranging from 53% in Sweden to 82% in Croatia. Concern 
has increased in Czechia since the 2020 survey (+9 pp) and Romania (+11 pp).  

Q14_2 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?  
You are concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic  analysis  shows  that  women  or  more  likely  than  men  to  agree  with  the 
statement  ‘You  are  concerned  about  abusive  price  setting  during  the  changeover’  (74%  vs  68%). 
Respondents aged 15-24 are the least likely to be concerned (66%), while those aged 40-54 and 55+ 
are  the  most  likely  to  express  concern  on  this  issue  (73%  and  72%,  respectively).  Self-employed 
workers are less concerned than employees or manual workers (68% vs. 73%-77%). 

Those  who  feel  informed  about  the  euro  are  slightly  less  concerned  than  those  who  do  not  feel 
informed (68% vs. 74%). Respondents who support the euro’s introduction in their own country are 
also less likely to be concerned (63%), compared with those who are opposed to the euro (83%). 

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c.  Perceived ability to manage the changeover  

Almost nine in ten respondents agree that they will adapt to the replacement of the 
national currency with the euro 

Almost nine in ten, in total, agree that they personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of 
the national currency by the euro; 52% ‘totally agree’ that this will be the case. About one in ten 
(12%) worry about managing to adapt to the euro. 

The overall level of agreement is around 90% in five countries, but is somewhat lower in Bulgaria 
(with  83%  agreeing  that  they  will  manage)  and  in  Czechia  (76%).  While  68%  of  respondents  in 
Sweden ‘totally agree’ that they will adapt, in Czechia, this figure is just 26%.  

In Poland and Romania, the overall level of agreement has increased since 2020 (+8 pp in Poland 
and +14 pp in Romania). 

Q14_1 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?  
You personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the (NATIONAL 
CURRENCY) by the euro (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Looking at the socio-demographic analysis, men are more confident than women about their 
ability to adapt to the replacement of their currency by the euro (91% vs. 83%).   

Respondents aged 55 and over (84%) are somewhat less likely to say that they will be able to adapt, 
compared with younger age cohorts (88-90%).  

There is a clear difference by level of education: while 71% of those who left full-time education 
aged 15 or younger say they will manage to adapt, nine in ten among those who left aged 20 or older 
give this response. Employees (90%) and the self-employed (92%) are also more likely than manual 
workers (82%) and those not in employment (83%) to agree that they will manage.  

Respondents who have already used euro banknotes or coins are more likely to say that they will 
manage than those who have not used the euro (89% vs. 74%).   

There  is  a  clear  connection  between  favourable  attitudes  to  the  introduction  of  the  euro  and  the 
likelihood of a respondent feeling confident in coping when it is introduced. More than nine in ten of 
those who believe it has had a positive impact in countries which already use it (94%), expect it to 
have positive consequences for their country (97%) or themselves personally (96%), or are in favour 
of the introduction of the euro in their country (also 97%) feel confident they will adapt. This compares 
with around three quarters (72-75%) of those who have unfavourable attitudes towards the euro. 

4.3.  Other impacts of the euro  

There are divergent views on the likely impact of the euro on national control of 
economic policy and on national identity 

Four in ten respondents (41%) agree that adopting the euro will mean losing control over national 
economic  policy,  while  a  majority  (55%)  disagree.  This  is  an  issue  that  elicits  strong  views:  17% 
‘totally agree’ that adopting the euro will mean losing control over national economic policy, while 
26%  ‘totally  disagree’.  The  results  at  an  overall  level  are  in  line  with  the  2020  survey  findings, 
although a small increase is seen in the proportion ‘totally disagreeing’ (-4 pp). 

As  in  2020,  respondents  in  Sweden  are  the  most  likely  to  agree  that  control  over  national 
economic policy will be lost (67%), and more than half of respondents agree with the statement 
in Czechia (57%). Opinion is split in Bulgaria (47% agree, 46% disagree) and Croatia (46% agree, 
50% disagree), while in Poland and Hungary, a clear majority disagree that there will be a loss of 
control (65% and 71%, respectively).  

There have been changes in the responses to this question in some countries since 2020, with people 
more likely to agree in Czechia (+6 pp), and respondents less likely to agree in Bulgaria (-7 pp) and 
Hungary (-5 pp). 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Q14_3 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?  
Adopting the euro will mean that (OUR COUNTRY) will lose control over its 
economic policy (%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

Socio-demographic analysis reveals no clear differences by gender. Respondents aged 25-39 are 
more likely than those in other age groups to agree that adopting the euro will mean losing control 
over national economic policy (46% vs 38%-41% of those aged 15-24 or 40+).  

Respondents with a higher level of education are more likely to disagree that adopting the euro will 
mean losing control over national economic policy: more than half of those who left education at the 
age of 20 or above disagree (59%), compared with 47%-48%% of those who left education at the 
age of 15 or younger or when between 16 and 19 years old.  

In terms of occupation, manual workers are more likely to be concerned about losing control of the 
national economy (56% agree) than other occupation groups (which range from 36-42%). 

Respondents who feel informed about the euro are more likely to disagree that control will be lost 
(58% vs. 52% of those who do not feel informed).  

There  is  a  strong  relation  between  unfavourable  attitudes  to  the  euro  and  the  tendency  of 
respondents to agree that control will be lost. For example, 64% of respondents who expect the euro 
to have negative consequences for their country agree with the statement, compared with 24% of 
those who think the introduction of the euro will be positive for their country. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Respondents are more likely to disagree (55%) than to agree (43%) that adopting the euro will 
mean that their country will lose a part of its identity. The proportion that ‘totally disagree’ 
(31%, +4 pp compared to 2020) is also higher than the proportion that ‘totally agree’ (21%).  

There are notable country differences, but the belief that a part of identity will be lost is a majority 
view  in  three  of  the  seven  countries:  Czechia  (71%),  Sweden  (62%)  and  Croatia  (54%).  This  is  in 
contrast to Romania, Poland and Hungary, where a clear majority disagrees that their country will 
lose  a  part  of  its  identity  (between  56%  and  68%).  Opinion  is  split  in  Bulgaria  (49%  agree,  48% 
disagree); in this country, respondents are now less likely to agree than in 2020 (-10 pp). 

Q14_4 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…?  

Adopting the euro will mean that (OUR COUNTRY) will lose a part of its identity 
(%) 

Base: all respondents (n=7 058) 
OP Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020) 

In the socio-demographic analysis, younger respondents are more likely to agree that adopting 
the euro will mean that their country will lose a part of its identity (47% among both 15-24 and 25-
39 year olds, compared with 40% of those aged 55+).  

Respondents with a higher level of education are more likely to disagree that adopting the euro will 
lead to a loss of national identity: more than half of those who left education at the age of 20 or 
above disagree (58%), compared with 38% of those who left education at the age of 15 or below. In 
terms  of  occupation,  manual  workers  are  more  likely  to  be  concerned  about  the  loss  of  national 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

identity (60%), when compared with self-employed workers (39%), employees (42%) and those not 
working (43%).  

There  is  a  difference  by  urbanisation:  respondents  living  in  large  towns  mostly  disagree  that  the 
introduction of the euro will lead to a loss of national identity (59%), but this proportion is lower in 
small and mid-size towns (53%) and rural areas (50%).  

Respondents who feel informed about the euro are more likely to disagree that the euro will lead to 
a loss of national identity (58% vs. 51% of those who do not feel informed).  

Once again, there is a strong relation between unfavourable attitudes to the euro and the tendency 
of  respondents  to  agree  that  part  of  the  national  identity  will  be  lost.  For  example,  64%  of 
respondents who expect the euro to have negative consequences for their country agree with the 
statement, compared with 27% of those who think the introduction of the euro will be positive for 
their country. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Technical specifications 

Between 20 and 27 May 2021, Ipsos European Public affairs carried out Flash Eurobarometer 492 at 
the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. It 
is  a  general  public  survey  coordinated  by  the  Directorate-General  for  Communication,  “Media 
monitoring and Eurobarometer” Unit. Flash Eurobarometer 492 covers the population of EU citizens, 
aged 15 years and over, and residents in one of the seven Member States that have not yet joined 
the euro area and have no specific opt-out. 

All  interviews  were  carried  via  Computer-Assisted  Telephone  Interviewing  (CATI).  In  each  country, 
respondents were called both on landlines and mobile phones. The telephone numbers sampled and 
contacted were generated via Random Digit Dialling (RDD) methods. The basic sample design applied 
in all countries is a random (probability) design. In households contacted via a landline phone, the 
respondent was drawn at random from all household members (aged 15 years and over) following 
the "most recent birthday rule". 

Number of 
interviews 

7 058 

TOTAL   

BG 

CZ 

HR 

HU 

PL 

RO 

SE 

1 012 

1 003 

1 012 

1 001 

1 005 

1 009 

1 016 

Fieldwork dates 

Population 15+ 
(absolute number) 

Population 15+  
(as % of ‘Total’ 
population) 

20.5.2021-27.5.2021 

83 644 140 

20.5.2021-26.5.2021 

20.5.2021-27.5.2021 

20.5.2021-24.5.2021 

20.5.2021-26.5.2021 

20.5.2021-26.5.2021 

20.5.2021-26.5.2021 

20.5.2021-26.5.2021 

5 949 224 

8 983 737 

3 476 694 

8 348 190 

32 096 067 

16 297 460 

8 492 768 

100% 

7.11% 

10.74% 

4.16% 

9.98% 

38.37% 

19.48% 

10.15% 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Margin of error 

Survey results are subject to sampling tolerances. The “margin of error” quantifies uncertainty about 
(or confidence in) a survey result. As a general rule, the more interviews conducted (sample size), the 
smaller the margin of error. A sample of 1,000 will produce a margin of error of not more than 3.1 
percentage points.  

The maximum margin of sampling error when comparing individual country results between surveys 
is ±6.2 percentage points for countries with a sample size of 1,000. 

Statistical margins due to sampling tolerances 
(at the 95% level of confidence) 

various sample sizes are in rows                   various observed results are in columns 

n=50 

n=100 

n=200 

n=500 

n=1000 

n=1500 

n=2000 

5% 

±6.0 

±4.3 

±3.0 

±1.9 

±1.4 

±1.1 

±1.0 

10% 

±8.3 

±5.9 

±4.2 

±2.6 

±1.9 

±1.5 

±1.3 

25% 

50% 

75% 

±12.0 

±13.9 

±12.0 

±8.5 

±6.0 

±3.8 

±2.7 

±2.2 

±1.9 

±9.8 

±6.9 

±4.4 

±3.1 

±2.5 

±2.2 

±8.5 

±6.0 

±3.8 

±2.7 

±2.2 

±1.9 

90% 

±8.3 

±5.9 

±4.2 

±2.6 

±1.9 

±1.5 

±1.3 

95% 

±6.0 

±4.3 

±3.0 

±1.9 

±1.4 

±1.1 

±1.0 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Questionnaire 

ASK ALL 
Have you already used euro banknotes or coins? 

Q1a 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Yes 
  No 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q2a; FL349 Q2a; FL377 Q2a; FL400 Q2a; FL402 Q2a; FL418 Q2a 
modified; FL440 Q1a; FL453 Q1a; FL465 Q1a; FL479 Q1a; FL487 Q1a 

  ASK IF Q1A=1 

Q1b 

You said you already used euro banknotes or coins. Was it…? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
In (THIS COUNTRY) 

  Abroad 

In (THIS COUNTRY) and abroad 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q2b; FL349 Q2b; FL377 Q2b; FL400 Q2b; FL402 Q2b; FL418 Q2b+c 
modified; FL440 Q1b; FL453 Q1b; FL465 Q1b; FL479 Q1b; FL487 Q1b 

  ASK ALL 

Q2 

Which of the following statements do you think is correct? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
The euro banknotes look exactly the same in all countries that use the euro 
  The euro banknotes have partly different designs from country to country 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q3; FL349 Q3; FL377 Q3; FL400 Q3; FL402 Q3; FL418 Q3; FL440 Q2; 

FL453 Q2; FL465 Q2; FL479 Q2; FL487 Q2 

  ASK ALL 

Q3 

And which of these following statements do you think is correct? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
The euro coins look exactly the same in all countries that use the euro 

  The euro coins have partly different designs from country to country 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q4; FL349 Q4; FL377 Q4; FL400 Q4; FL402 Q4; FL418 Q4; FL440 Q3; 
FL453 Q3; FL465 Q3; FL479 Q3; FL487 Q3 

1 
2 
3 

1 
2 
3 
4 

1 
2 
3 

1 
2 
3 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

  ASK ALL 

Q4a 

According to you, how many EU countries have already introduced the euro? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
6 
  13 
  19 
  All EU countries 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q5a; FL349 Q5a; FL377 Q5a; FL400 Q5a; FL402 Q5a; FL418 Q5a; 

FL440 Q4a; FL453 Q4a; FL465 Q4a; FL479 Q4a; FL487 Q4a 

  ASK ALL 

Q4b 

In your opinion, is (THIS COUNTRY) ready to introduce the euro? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Yes 
  No 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q5b; FL349 Q5b; FL377 Q5b; FL400 Q5b (modified); FL402 Q5b; FL418 

Q5b; FL440 Q4b; FL453 Q4b; FL465 Q4b; FL479 Q4b; FL487 Q4b 

  ASK ALL 

Q4c 

When do you think the euro will be introduced in [THIS COUNTRY]? 
(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Within 5 years 
  Within 10 years 
  Never 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q5c; FL349 Q5c; FL377 Q5c; FL400 Q5c; FL402 Q5c; FL418 Q5c 
modified; FL440 Q4c; FL453 Q4c; FL465 Q4c; FL479 Q4c; FL487 Q4c 

  ASK ALL 

Q5 

To what extent do you feel informed about the euro? Do you feel: 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very well informed 
  Rather well informed 
  Not very well informed 
  Not at all well informed 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q6; FL349 Q6; FL377 Q6; FL400 Q6; FL402 Q6; FL418 Q6; FL440 Q5; 

FL453 Q5; FL465 Q5; FL479 Q5; FL487 Q5 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

1 
2 
3 

1 
2 
3 
4 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

  ASK ALL 

Q6 

Before the euro is introduced in [THIS COUNTRY] there would normally be an 
information campaign on the changeover. For each of the following 
institutions or groups, please tell me if you would trust information they 
provide on the changeover to the euro? 
(READ OUT; MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (RANDOMISE RESPONSES 1 TO 8) 
Government, national or regional authorities 

  Tax/fiscal administrations 
  National Central Bank 
  European Institutions 
  Commercial banks 
  Journalists 
  Trade unions, professional organisations, etc. 
  Consumer associations 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q8; FL349 Q8; FL377 Q8; FL400 Q8; FL402 Q8; FL418 Q8 modified; 
FL440 Q6; FL453 Q6; FL465 Q6; FL479 Q6; FL487 Q6 

  ASK ALL 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

Q7 

In your view, which of the following issues about the euro are essential to be 
covered in priority by the information campaign on the changeover to the euro 
in [THIS COUNTRY]? 
(READ OUT; MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (RANDOMISE RESPONSES 1 TO 6) 
The way the euro will be introduced in (THIS COUNTRY) 

1 
2 
3 

4 

5 
6 
7 

  The value of one euro in (COUNTRY CURRENCY) 
  What euro banknotes and coins look like 
  How to ensure that the rules for the currency conversion into euro are 

respected 

  The practical implications of the euro regarding your salary, your bank account 
  The social, economic or political implications of the euro 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q10; FL349 Q10; FL377 Q10; FL400 Q10; FL402 Q10; FL418 Q10 

modified; FL440 Q7; FL453 Q7; FL465 Q7; FL479 Q7; FL487 Q7 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

  ASK ALL 

Q8 

Here  is  a  list  of  various  possible  information  campaign  actions  on  the  euro 
changeover.  Could  you  tell  me  for  each  of  them  whether  you  would  find  it 
essential? 
(READ OUT; MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)  (RANDOMISE RESPONSES 1 TO 8) 
Dual display of prices in shops (in your current national currency and in euro) 

  Dual display of the amount on bills (electricity, gas …) 
  Dual display on your pay slip 
  Leaflets / Brochures 
  TV advertisements 
  Radio advertisements 
  Newspaper advertisements 
  On the internet /social media 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q11; FL349 Q11; FL377 Q11; FL400 Q11; FL402 Q11; FL418 Q11 

modified; FL440 Q8; FL453 Q8; FL465 Q8; ; FL479 Q8; FL487 Q8 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

  ASK ALL 

Q9 

What consequences do you think the introduction of the euro has had in the 
countries that are already using the euro? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very positive consequences 
  Rather positive consequences 
  Rather negative consequences 
  Very negative consequences 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q12; FL349 Q12; FL377 Q12; FL400 Q12 (modified); FL402 Q12; 

FL418 Q12; FL440 Q9; FL453 Q9; FL465 Q9; FL479 Q9; FL487 Q9 

  ASK ALL 

Q10 

Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative
consequences for.…? 

(RESPONSE SCALE) 
Q10_1 
[THIS COUNTRY] 
Q10_2  You personally 

(COLUMNS) 
Very positive consequences 
  Rather positive consequences 
  Rather negative consequences 
  Very negative consequences 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q13; FL349 Q13; FL377 Q13; FL400 Q13; FL402 Q13; FL418 Q13; 
FL440 Q10; FL453 Q10; FL465 Q10; FL479 Q10; FL487 Q10 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

  ASK ALL 

Q11 

Generally speaking, are you personally more in favour or against the idea of 
introducing the euro in (THIS COUNTRY)?   

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very much in favour of its introduction 

  Rather in favour of its introduction 
  Rather against its introduction 
  Very much against its introduction 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q14; FL349 Q14; FL377 Q14; FL400 Q14; FL402 Q14; FL418 Q14; 
FL440 Q11; FL453 Q11; FL465 Q11; FL479 Q11; FL487 Q11 

  ASK ALL 

Q12 

When would you like the euro to become your currency? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
As soon as possible 
  After a certain time 
  As late as possible 
  Never 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q15; FL349 Q15; FL377 Q15; FL400 Q15; FL402 Q15; FL418 Q15; 
FL440 Q12; FL453 Q12; FL465 Q12; FL479 Q12; FL487 Q12 

  ASK ALL 

Q13 

What impact, if any, do you think the introduction of the euro will have on 
prices in (THIS COUNTRY)?  

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Will increase prices 

  Will help keep prices stable  
  Will help reduce prices  
  No impact (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 
  FL336 Q18; FL349 Q18 (published as Q16) ; FL377 Q16; FL400 Q16; FL402 

Q16; FL418 Q16; FL440 Q13; FL453 Q13; FL465 Q13; FL479 Q13; FL487 Q13 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

  ASK ALL 

Q14 

Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or 
disagree…? 

(READ OUT; ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (RANDOMISE ITEMS 1-4) 

Q14_1  You personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the (NATIONAL 

CURRENCY) by the euro  

Q14_2  You are concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover  
Q14_3  Adopting the euro will mean that (THIS COUNTRY) will lose control over its 

economic policy 

Q14_4  Adopting the euro will mean that (THIS COUNTRY) will lose a part of its 

identity 
(RESPONSE SCALE) 
Totally agree  
  Tend to agree  
  Tend to disagree  
  Totally disagree  
  Don’t know (DO NOT READ OUT) 

FL336 Q21; FL349 Q21 (published as Q19) ; FL377 Q19; FL400 Q19 (except item 1, 
NEW); FL402 Q19; FL418 Q19; ; FL440 Q14; FL453 Q14; FL465 Q14; FL479 Q14; 
FL487 Q14 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492 
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted 
the common currency 

Data annex 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q1a Have you already used euro banknotes or coins?

Yes

No

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

85▲9

84▲11

82=

89▼-2

81▲7

86▲11

82▲18

89▲2

15▼-9

16▼-11

18=

11▲2

19▼-7

14▼-11

18▼-18

11▼-1

0=

0=

0=

0=

0=

0=

0=

0▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

46

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q1b You said you already used euro banknotes or coins. Was it…?

In (THIS COUNTRY)

Abroad

In (THIS COUNTRY) and 
abroad

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

7▼-3

8▼-4

2▲1

9▼-4

3▼-5

3▼-6

22▼-3

1▲1

59▲2

57=

80▲8

44▲6

61▼-4

65▲10

21▼-6

89▼-4

34▲1

36▲4

18▼-9

46▼-2

36▲9

32▼-4

58▲9

10▲3

0=

0=

0=

1=

0=

0=

0=

0=

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=6145 - % If already used euro banknotes or coins at Q1a
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

47

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q2 Which of the following statements do you think is correct?

The euro banknotes look exactly 
the same in all countries that use 
the euro

The euro banknotes have 
partly different designs from 
country to country

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

46▲3

44▲2

44▲4

57▼-5

39▼-3

38▲7

61▼-1

54▲2

40▲2

35▲2

52▲5

30▲5

50▲5

45▼-3

22▲8

43▲3

14▼-5

21▼-4

4▼-9

13=

11▼-2

17▼-4

17▼-8

4▼-5

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

48

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q3 And which of these following statements do you think is correct?

The euro coins look exactly the 
same in all countries that use the 
euro

The euro coins have partly 
different designs from country 
to country

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

45▲3

38▲3

44▲9

53▼-3

35▼-5

37▲3

63▲5

54▲3

41▲2

39▲3

52▲2

32▲6

51▲7

45▼-2

22▲5

44▲3

14▼-5

22▼-6

4▼-11

16▼-3

15▼-2

18▼-2

15▼-10

2▼-6

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

49

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q4a According to you, how many EU countries have already introduced the euro?

6

13

19

All EU countries

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

8▲2

6▼-3

8▲1

7▼-1

9▲2

9▲1

10▲7

5▲2

44▲8

31▲3

53▲15

39▲2

48▲6

49▲10

31▲4

49▲11

32▼-8

32▼-2

35▼-7

43▲1

33▼-7

31▼-9

27▼-11

40▼-6

5=

4=

2▼-4

2▼-3

2▼-2

2▼-3

16▲10

4▼-3

11▼-2

26▲1

3▼-5

9▲1

8▲1

11▲1

16▼-9

2▼-4

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

50

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q4b In your opinion, is (THIS COUNTRY) ready to introduce the euro?

Yes

No

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

23▼-1

27=

20▼-3

34▲3

26▼-1

18▼-1

27▼-5

28▲5

72▲1

66▼-3

78▲6

62▼-2

66=

76▼-1

69▲7

69▼-3

5=

7▲3

2▼-3

4▼-1

8▲1

7▲2

4▼-2

3▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

51

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q4c When do you think the euro will be introduced in (THIS COUNTRY)?

Within 5 years

Within 10 years

Never

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

29▲2

64▲5

22▲3

78▲12

26▲2

18▲1

42▲1

8▲2

40▲3

17▲1

42▲8

15▼-7

43▼-1

47▲5

37=

39▲4

27▼-3

13▼-5

35▼-8

6▼-4

26=

29▼-6

17▲3

51▼-5

5▼-1

6▼-2

1▼-3

1▼-1

6▼-1

7=

4▼-4

2=

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

52

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q5 To what extent do you feel informed about the euro? Do you feel:

Very well 
informed

Rather well 
informed

Not very well 
informed

Not at all well 
informed

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

8▲1

14▲4

5▼-4

7=

6▲2

9▲1

8▲2

11▲3

43▼-1

40▲6

49▲5

39▼-6

46▲5

43▼-2

40▼-6

43▼-2

38▲2

36▼-8

37▲5

45▲6

40▼-5

34▲2

44▲10

36=

10▼-2

9▼-2

9▼-3

8=

8▼-3

12▼-1

8▼-5

11▲1

1▼-1

1=

0▼-3

1=

1=

2=

1▼-1

0▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

53

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q6 Before the euro is introduced in (THIS COUNTRY) there would normally be an 
information campaign on the changeover. For each of the following institutions or groups, 
please tell me if you would trust information they provide on the changeover to the euro?

,
t
n
e
m
n
r
e
v
o
G

r
o

l
a
n
o

i
t
a
n

l
a
n
o
g
e
r

i

s
e
i
t
i
r
o
h
t
u
a

l
a
c
s
i
f
/
x
a
T

s
n
o

i
t
a
r
t
s
i
n
m
d
a

i

l
a
r
t
n
e
C

l
a
n
o

i
t
a
N

k
n
a
B

n
a
e
p
o
r
u
E

s
n
o
i
t
u
t
i
t
s
n
I

l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C

s
k
n
a
b

s
t
s
i
l
a
n
r
u
o
J

i

,
s
n
o
n
u
e
d
a
r
T

l
a
n
o

i
s
s
e
f
o
r
p

,
s
n
o

i
t
a
s
i
n
a
g
r
o

.
c
t
e

r
e
m
u
s
n
o
C

s
n
o

i
t
a
i
c
o
s
s
a

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

TOTAL

51▲3

58▲7

73=

68▲12

53▲10

33▲3

38▲4

57▲7

5▼-2

40▼-3

39▼-8

67▼-4

61▼-6

45=

27▼-4

30▼-7

41▼-12

10▲2

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

57▲2

40▲5

73▲11

48▲14

90▲6

63▲6

62▲9

76▲11

62▲16

36▲12

42▼-8

46▼-5

67▼-6

40▼-2

49▲4

61▼-3

62▲19

64▲22

84▲5

90▲5

84▲6

91▲1

54▲2

68▲9

40▼-9

45▲7

80▲30

66▲29

25▲4

27▲6

13=

38▲3

40▲4

41▲1

70▲5

35▲10

64▲14

27▼-4

36▼-8

37▲2

61▲9

3▼-2

7▼-1

4▼-2

6=

44▲16

52▲15

2▼-7

72▲7

61▲11

36▲11

48▲2

64▲6

3=

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q7 In your view, which of the following issues about the euro are essential to be covered 
in priority by the information campaign on the changeover to the euro in (THIS 
COUNTRY)?

o
r
u
e
e
h
t

y
a
w
e
h
T

d
e
c
u
d
o
r
t
n

i

e
b

l
l
i

w

S
I
H
T
(
n

i

)
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C

e
n
o
f
o

e
u
l
a
v

e
h
T

Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
(
n

i

o
r
u
e

)
Y
C
N
E
R
R
U
C

o
r
u
e
t
a
h
W

d
n
a
s
e
t
o
n
k
n
a
b

e
k
i
l
k
o
o

l

s
n
o
c

i

t
a
h
t

e
r
u
s
n
e
o
t

w
o
H

e
h
t

r
o
f

s
e
l
u
r

e
h
t

y
c
n
e
r
r
u
c

o
t
n

i

n
o

i
s
r
e
v
n
o
c

d
e
t
c
e
p
s
e
r

e
r
a
o
r
u
e

l
a
c
i
t
c
a
r
p
e
h
T

e
h
t

f
o
s
n
o

i
t
a
c
i
l

p
m

i

i

g
n
d
r
a
g
e
r
o
r
u
e

r
u
o
y

,
y
r
a
l
a
s

r
u
o
y

t
n
u
o
c
c
a
k
n
a
b

,
l
a
i
c
o
s

e
h
T

r
o
c
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

l
a
c
i
t
i
l

o
p

e
h
t

f
o
s
n
o

i
t
a
c
i
l

p
m

i

o
r
u
e

TOTAL

86▲5

85▲8

62▲3

82▲8

84▲9

85▲6

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

70▼-18

70▼-19

45▼-18

67▼-21

75▼-11

75▼-13

94▲3

76▲13

64▲2

90▲7

91▲10

87▲7

89=

82▲9

70▲3

89▲7

90▲26

82▲10

67▲4

36▲10

40▼-7

68▲5

75▲6

53▲8

91▲3

78▲13

57▲2

83▲8

93▲22

84▲9

90▲2

73▲15

71▲8

88▲7

88▲23

81▲9

90▲3

69▲18

73▲3

91▲5

87▲18

84▲5

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

2▼-1

3▲2

1▼-1

3▼-1

4▲1

1▼-2

1▼-3

2▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q8 Here is a list of various possible information campaign actions on the euro 
changeover. Could you tell me for each of them whether you would find it essential?

s
e
c
i
r
p
f
o
y
a
l
p
s
i
d

l
a
u
D

r
u
o
y

n
i
(

s
p
o
h
s
n

i

l
a
n
o

i
t
a
n
t
n
e
r
r
u
c

)
o
r
u
e
n

i

d
n
a

y
c
n
e
r
r
u
c

e
h
t

f
o
y
a
l
p
s
i
d

l
a
u
D

s
l
l
i

b
n
o
t
n
u
o
m
a

)
…
s
a
g
,
y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
e
(

r
u
o
y
n
o
y
a
l
p
s
i
d

l
a
u
D

p

i
l
s

y
a
p

s
e
r
u
h
c
o
r
B
/
s
t
e
l
f
a
e
L

s
t
n
e
m
e
s
i
t
r
e
v
d
a
V
T

i

o
d
a
R

s
t
n
e
m
e
s
i
t
r
e
v
d
a

r
e
p
a
p
s
w
e
N

s
t
n
e
m
e
s
i
t
r
e
v
d
a

t
e
n
r
e
t
n

i

e
h
t
n
O

a
i
d
e
m

l
a
i
c
o
s
/

TOTAL

78▲3

70▲2

65▲4

49=

66=

60▲5

58▲2

74▲6

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

78▼-1

69▼-4

62▼-4

35▼-14 57▼-11 44▼-12

40▼-9

62▼-9

57▲1

45▼-1

47▼-2

72▼-5

69▲10

52▲14

51▲11

69▲18

2▼-2

80▲5

85▲10

80▲8

73▲4

88▼-1

74▼-2

69▲2

76▲9

71▲2

62▲2

85▲1

69▲4

63▲3

71▲8

67▲4

59▲2

55▲8

36▲5

51▼-2

80▲10

66▲12

23▼-9

52▼-8

39▼-6

29▼-9

61▼-4

72▲2

77▲3

73▲6

69▲3

81▲7

70▲21

67▲11

76▲17

62▲2

39▼-5

57▼-1

42▼-2

55▲3

70▲4

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

3▼-1

5▲2

4=

3=

3▼-3

2▼-1

6▲2

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q9 What consequences do you think the introduction of the euro has had in the countries 
that are already using the euro?

Very positive 
consequences

Rather positive 
consequences

Rather negative 
consequences

Very negative 
consequences

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

7=

7=

2▼-2

7▲1

6▼-3

4▼-1

16▲2

5▲2

54▲4

45▼-2

50▲8

49▲2

63▲3

55▲3

54▲7

52▲9

25▲1

28▲3

38▲3

29▼-3

17=

27=

16▲1

29▲1

5▼-1

6▼-1

8=

5=

2=

4▼-2

5▲1

4▼-1

10▼-4

15=

3▼-8

10▲1

13=

11▲1

9▼-12

11▼-10

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

57

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q10_1 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative 
consequences for…? THIS COUNTRY

Very positive 
consequences

Rather positive 
consequences

Rather negative 
consequences

Very negative 
consequences

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

9▲3

8▲2

3▼-1

10▲3

9▲2

7▲1

18▲10

6▲2

43▲4

39▲3

33▲2

46▲5

51▲3

44▲5

46▲3

39▲9

30▼-3

34=

44▲4

29▼-6

25▼-5

30▼-4

21▼-4

37▼-6

13▼-1

15▼-3

19▲1

11▼-2

9▲2

12▼-4

11▲2

13=

5▼-3

4▼-1

1▼-6

5=

7▼-2

7▲2

4▼-11

5▼-5

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

58

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q10_2 Do you think the introduction of the euro would have positive or negative 
consequences for…? You personally

Very positive 
consequences

Rather positive 
consequences

Rather negative 
consequences

Very negative 
consequences

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

12▲4

8▲2

5▼-2

13▲3

13▲3

11▲4

22▲9

8▲3

43▲4

38▲2

32▲4

44=

51▲1

42▲3

48▲7

41▲8

27▼-2

29▼-6

39▲5

26▼-3

21▼-3

29▼-3

18=

35=

11▼-2

13▼-1

21▼-1

10▼-2

6▼-1

10▼-4

9=

9▲1

7▼-4

12▲3

2▼-5

7▲1

10=

8▲1

4▼-16

8▼-11

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

59

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q11 Generally speaking, are you personally more in favour or against the idea of 
introducing the euro in (THIS COUNTRY)?  

Very much in 
favour of its 
introduction

Rather in favour 
of its 
introduction

Rather against its 
introduction

Very much against 
its introduction

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

19▲6

19▲7

7▼-4

13▲1

24▲6

21▲7

28▲11

9▲2

38▲1

35▼-1

26▲3

48▲5

45▼-3

35▲1

47=

33▲5

24▼-2

25▼-4

34▲2

25▼-2

21▼-1

22=

17▼-7

37▼-3

16▼-4

19▼-1

33▲1

11▼-4

5▼-3

19▼-8

6▼-1

19▼-3

3▼-1

2=

0▼-2

2=

5▲1

3=

3▼-4

2▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

60

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q12 When would you like the euro to become your currency?

As soon as 
possible

After a certain 
time

As late as 
possible

Never

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

26▲7

25▲8

9▼-3

23▲3

33▲5

22▲5

46▲20

13▲5

36▲1

36▼-3

31▲3

40=

44=

40▲5

33▼-9

29▲3

17▼-3

17▼-2

24▲1

21▼-1

12▼-3

18▼-2

12▼-9

18▼-4

19▼-4

20▼-2

37▼-1

15▼-2

8▼-4

19▼-8

7▼-2

39▼-4

2▼-1

3▼-1

0▼-1

1▼-1

4▲2

1▼-1

2▼-1

1▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

61

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q13 What impact, if any, do you think the introduction of the euro will have on prices in 
(THIS COUNTRY)? 

Will increase
prices

Will help keep 
prices stable

Will help reduce 
prices

No impact

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

62▼-1

69▲1

77▲8

71▼-1

48▼-5

66▼-5

51▲1

52=

31▲3

21=

21▼-1

24▲1

41▲7

28▲2

39▲6

37▲4

3=

4▼-1

1=

3▲1

4▼-2

1=

7▲2

5▲1

2=

3▲1

0▼-1

1▼-1

2▲1

2▲1

2▼-3

3=

3▼-2

4▼-1

1▼-5

2=

5▼-1

4▲2

2▼-6

3▼-5

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

62

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q14_1 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…? 
You personally will manage to adapt to the replacement of the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) by 
the euro 

Totally agree

Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

52▲9

54▲14

26▼-8

48▲1

57▲9

49▲9

60▲20

68=

35▼-2

30▼-10

50▲8

41=

31▼-6

40▼-1

29▼-6

22▲1

7▼-2

6▼-2

16▲2

6▼-1

5▼-3

7▼-3

4▼-4

5▼-1

5▼-2

9=

8▲1

4▼-1

4▼-1

4▼-4

6▼-2

5▲2

1▼-3

2▼-1

0▼-3

1▲1

4▲1

0▼-2

2▼-8

1▼-2

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

63

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q14_2 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…? 
You are concerned about abusive price setting during the changeover 

Totally agree

Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

34▲1

50▲2

32=

42▲2

27▼-1

34▼-2

38▲8

20▼-4

38▲3

27▼-6

45▲9

40▲1

37▼-1

40▲5

33▲3

33▲2

17▼-4

9▲2

19▼-4

11▼-2

21▼-1

16▼-3

13▼-11

25▲3

11▲2

12▲3

4▼-3

5▼-2

12▲2

8▲1

14▲8

20=

2▼-2

1▼-1

1▼-3

1=

4▲1

1=

1▼-8

2▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

64

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q14_3 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…? 
Adopting the euro will mean that (THIS COUNTRY) will lose control over its economic 
policy

Totally agree

Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

17=

25▲1

22▲2

15▼-4

9=

13▼-4

20▲4

27▲2

24=

21▼-8

35▲4

30▲1

16▼-5

18=

24▲1

41▼-2

30▼-1

20▼-2

34▲1

33▲3

29▼-11

36▲3

24▼-7

18=

26▲4

26▲7

9▼-4

17▼-2

42▲15

29▲3

27▲7

13▲1

4▼-2

7▲2

0▼-3

5▲2

5▲1

3▼-2

5▼-6

2▼-1

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

65

Flash Eurobarometer 492
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted
the common currency

Q14_4 Could you tell me for each of the following statements if you agree or disagree…? 
Adopting the euro will mean that (THIS COUNTRY) will lose a part of its identity

Totally agree

Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

Don't know

TOTAL

BG

CZ

HR

HU

PL

RO

SE

21=

32=

36=

26=

11=

17▼-3

21▲6

26▼-1

22▼-1

17▼-10

36▲7

27▼-3

16▼-3

17▼-2

20▼-1

36▲3

23▼-2

19▲1

20▼-1

22=

24▼-7

28▲1

21▼-9

19▲1

31▲4

29▲8

9▼-5

22▲2

44▲9

37▲5

35▲10

19▼-2

2▼-2

3=

0▼-1

2▲1

5▲2

2▼-1

3▼-7

1=

Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States not yet having adopted the common 
currency   /   Fieldwork: 20/05 - 27/05/2021   /   Base: n=7058 - % All
▼▲ Evolution 2021-2020 (comparison with Flash Eurobarometer 487, May-June 2020)

66