Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area - towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ : final report. Annex B, Literature Review.
Date: 2021-04-28
Institutions: Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport
Subjects: Single European Sky, added value, competitiveness, economic growth, greenhouse gas, innovation, intelligent transport system, qualitative analysis, reduction of gas emissions, report, sustainable mobility, technology, transport infrastructure, transport network, transport regulations

Evaluation of the White Paper 
‘Roadmap to a single 
European transport area – 
towards a competitive and 
resource efficient transport 
system’ 

Final report: Annex B - Literature Review 

Study contract no. MOVE/A3/SER/2019-68 

Achilleas Tsamis, Ella Andrew, Hannah Figg, Rui Neiva, Aleix Pons, Ben Baxter, Alexandra Humphris-
Bach, Sujith Kollamthodi (Ricardo), Pelopidas Siskos, Stergios Statharas, Yannis Moysoglou, Thomas 
Kalokyris (E3M), Claudia de Stasio, Vanessa Holve, Marco Laoreti (TRT), Simon Mader (M-Five), Ian 
Skinner (TEPR).

April 2021 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                          
                
        
                  
 
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport 

Directorate A — Policy Coordination 

Unit A3 — Economic Analysis & Better Regulation  

E-mail:  MOVE-A3-SECRETARIAT@ec.europa.eu    

European Commission 
B-1049 Brussels 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Evaluation of the White Paper 
‘Roadmap to a single 
European transport area – 
towards a competitive and 
resource efficient transport 
system’ 

Final Report: Annex B - Literature Review 

Study contract no. MOVE/A3/SER/2019-68 

Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport  
Study to support the Evaluation of the 2011 White Paper on Transport 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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ISBN 978-92-76-34115-4 
doi: 10.2832/72255 

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Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

1  Annex B - Literature Review 

Table 1-1: List of evaluation, fitness checks and impact assessments reviewed in the initial stages of the desk research task 

ID 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  documents  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending 
Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 concerning the opening of the market 
for  domestic  passenger  transport  services  by  rail  Proposal  for  a 
Directive  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  amending 
Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area, as 
regards the opening of the market for domestic passenger transport 
services by rail and the governance of the railway infrastructure 
Commission  Staff  Working  Document  -  Impact  Assessment  - 
Accompanying  the  document:  Proposal  for  a  Regulation  of  the 
European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  establishing  a  European 
Maritime  Single  Window  environment  and  repealing  directive 
2010/65/EU 
Ex-post  evaluation  of  Reporting  Formalities  Directive  (RFD)  and 
Directive  on  Vessel  Traffic  Monitoring  and  Information  Systems 
(VTMIS) 
Impact Assessment on the Options for the Regulatory approach in RP3 
of the SES Performance and Charging Schemes 
Ex-post  evaluation  of  social  legislation  in  road  transport  and  its 
enforcement 
COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  IMPACT  ASSESSMENT 
Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a  Regulation  of  the 
European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework on 
the market access to port services and the financial transparency of 
ports 
REPORT  FROM  THE  COMMISSION  TO  THE  EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT, 
THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE 
AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the implementation of EU 
macro-regional strategies 

European 
Commission 

2013 

Impact 
assessment 

European 
Commission 

2018 

Impact 
assessment 

PwC, Panteia 

2017 

Evaluation 

Steer Davies Gleave  2018 

Ricardo, Milieu, TRT 

2016 

European 
Commission 

2013 

Impact 
assessment 
Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

European 
Commission 

2019 

Evaluation 

1 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

8 

9 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  establishing 
the Connecting Europe Facility 
Study  on  Single  Wagonload  Traffic  in  Europe  challenges,  prospects 
and policy options 

European 
Commission 

2018 

Impact 
assessment 

PwC Advisory (IT), 
Rome University "La 
Sapienza" 

2015 

Fitness check 

10  An inventory of measures for internalising external costs in transport  TML, TNO, CE Delft, 

2012 

11 

IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  documents  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  on  the 
European Union Agency for Railways and repealing Regulation (EC) No 
881/2004 Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of 
the  Council  on  the  interoperability  of  the  rail  system  within  the 
European  Union  (Recast)  Proposal  for  a  Directive  of  the  European 
Parliament and of the Council on railway safety (Recast) 

TRT 
DG MOVE 

2013 

Impact 
assessment 
Impact 
assessment 

12  Evaluation  of  the  implementation  and  effects  of  EU  infrastructure 

Ricardo-AEA 

charging policy since 1995 

13  Support  study  for  an  impact  assessment  on  measures  for  the 

streamlining of TEN-T 

14  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  Towards  "NAIADES  II" 
Promoting, greening and integrating inland waterway transport in the 
single EU transport area 

15  NAIADES  II  mid-term  report:  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING 
DOCUMENT  Mid-term  progress  report  on  the  implementation  of  the 
NAIADES II action programme for the promotion of inland waterway 
transport (covering the period 2014-2017) 

16  Ex-post  evaluation  of  the  loan  guarantee  instrument  for  Trans-

European Transport Network projects (LGTT) 

17  Study on urban logistics 

Panteia [NL], M-Five 
[DE], PWC [IT], 
Rupprecht Consult 
[DE] 
European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

2014 

2018 

Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

2012 

Evaluation 

2018 

Evaluation 

Anna Halvarsson et 
al. 
Ecorys, University of 
Antwerp, University 
of Lisbon. 

2014 

2017 

Evaluation 

Other  

2 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

18  SWD(2018)  183:  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  - 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  - Accompanying  the  document  Proposal for a 
Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on electronic 
freight transport information 

European 
Commission 

19  Motorways of the Sea: An ex-post evaluation on the development of 

ICF 

2018 

2017 

2013 

Impact 
assessment 

Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

European 
Commission 

the concept from 2001 and possible ways forward 

20  SWD(2013) 62: COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT - IMPACT 
ASSESSMENT - Accompanying the document Proposal for a regulation 
of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation 
(EC)  No 261/2004 establishing  common  rules  on  compensation  and 
assistance  to  passengers  in  the  event  of  denied  boarding  and  of 
cancellation or long delays of flights and Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 
on air carrier liability in respect of the carriage of passengers and their 
baggage by air 

21  Maritime  Transport  Fitness  Check  of  the  legislation  on  flag  State 
responsibilities, accident investigation, port State control, the vessel 
traffic  monitoring  and  information  system  and,  the  reporting 
formalities for ships arriving in and/or departing from ports of Member 
States 

22  Second mid-term evaluation of the SESAR Joint Undertaking 
23  Ex-Post Evaluation of TEN-T Coordinators 
24  Ex-post  evaluation  of  technical  follow-up  of  TEN-T  funded  ERTMS 
projects carried out under Service Framework Contract TREN/E2/322- 
2008 (Lots 1, 2 and 3) 

25  Exploratory Study on passenger rights in the multimodal context 
26  Support  study  for  the  ex-post  evaluation  of  the  ITS  Directive 

EY 
Ricardo, TEPR 

2010/40/EU 

27  Support  study  for  an  impact  assessment  on  measures  for  the 

streamlining of TEN-T 

28 

IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure 

29  Mid-term evaluation of the ITS Action Plan 

Panteia [NL], M-Five 
[DE], PWC [IT], 
Rupprecht Consult 
[DE] 
European 
Commission 
Ramboll 

2019 
2018 

2018 

2013 

2013 

European 
Commission 

2018 

Evaluation 

COWI 
2014 
Steer Davies Gleave  2014 
Steer Davies Gleave  2012 

Evaluation 
Evaluation 
Evaluation 

Other  
Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 
Evaluation 

3 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

30  REFIT  EX-POST  EVALUATION  of  Combined  Transport  Directive 

92/106/EEC 

31  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  Accompanying  the 
document Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, 
the  Council,  the  European  Economic  and  Social  Committee  and  the 
Committee  of  the  Regions  on  the  mid-term  evaluation  of  the 
Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) 

32  SWD(2017)  318 

final/2  - 

  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING 
DOCUMENTIMPACT 
the 
documentProposal for a Regulation from the European Parliament and 
the Council on rail passengers' rights and obligations(recast) 

Accompanying 

ASSESSMENT 

European 
Commission 
European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

33  European Commission DG Transport and Mobility Ad-hoc audit of the 

PwC 

Marguerite Fund 

34  Ex-post evaluation of Directive 92/6/EEC on the installation and use 
of spped limitation devices for certain categories of motor vehicles in 
the Community, as amended by Directive 2002/85/EC 

35  Towards paperless transport within the EU and across its borders 

36  STUDY  to  support  an  impact  assessment  of  the  urban  mobility 

package 

37  Ex-post Evaluation of Directive 2009/33/EC on the promotion of clean 

and enegry efficient road transport vehicles 

38  Ex-post evaluations of Directive 2009/21/EC on compliance with flag 
State  requirements  and  Directive  2009/18/EC  establishing  the 
fundamental principles governing the investigation of accidents in the 
maritime transport sector 

39  Ex-post  evaluation  of  Reporting  Formalities  Directive  (RFD)  and 
Directive  on  Vessel  Traffic  Monitoring  and  Information  Systems 
(VTMIS) 

40  Ex  post  evaluation  of  the  Intelligent  Transport  Systems  Directive 

2010/40/EU 

Transport & Mobility 
Leuven, TNO, CE 
Delft, TRT 
Digital Transport & 
Logistics Forum 
Ecorys, Cenit, Cowi 

Ricardo Energy & 
Environment, 
Transport and 
Environmental Policy 
Research (TEPR) 
Ecorys 

2016 

2018 

2017 

2014 

2013 

2018 

2013 

2015 

Evaluation 

Other  

Impact 
assessment 

Other  

Evaluation 

Other  

Impact 
assessment 
Evaluation 

2017 

Evaluation 

PwC, Panteia 

2017 

Evaluation 

European 
Commission 

2019 

Evaluation 

4 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

Ricardo Energy & 
Environment, GA&P, 
TRT 
European 
Commission 

41  Ex-post evaluation of Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 and Regulation 

(EC) No 1072/2009 

42  Evaluation  of  the  Directive  2008/106/EC  on  the  minimum  level  of 
training  of  seafarers,  as  amended  and  Directive  2005/45/EC  on  the 
mutual  recognition  of  seafarers'  certificates  issued  by  the  Member 
States 
Interim evaluation of the Policy orientations on road safety 2011-2020  European 

43 

44  Ex-post evaluation of Directive 2009/16/EC on port State control 
45  Evaluation of Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 on the investigation and 

prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation 

46  Ex-post evaluation of Regulation (EC) No.392/2009 on the liability of 

carriers of passengers by sea in the event of accidents 
Interim Evaluation of Horizon 2020 Annex 2 

47 

49 

48  Evaluation study on the application of directive 2011/82/EU facilitating 
the cross-border exchange of information of road safety related traffic 
offences 
Impact  Assessment  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  on 
typeapproval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and 
systems, components and separate technical units intended for such 
vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle 
occupants  and  vulnerable  road  users,  amending  Regulation  (EU) 
2018/â€¦  and  repealing  Regulations  (EC)  No  78/2009,  (EC)  No 
79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009 

50  Mid-term evaluation of the implementation of the ITS action plan 
51 

INTERIM EVALUATION of Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (2014-2016) 

52  STUDY on  ITS Directive, Priority Action A:  The Provision of  EU-wide 

53 

Multimodal Travel Information Services D5 Final Report 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Commission 
Delegated  Regulation  supplementing  Directive  2010/40/EU  of  the 

Commission 
COWI 
European 
Commission 
European 
Commission 
European 
Commission 
Grimaldi Studio 
Legale 

European 
Commission 

Ramboll 
European 
Commission 
Cowi, TRL, TTR, 
Arup 
European 
Commission 

2015 

Evaluation 

2017 

Evaluation 

2015 

2017 
2019 

2017 

2017 

2016 

2018 

2013 
2017 

2016 

2019 

Evaluation 

Evaluation 
Evaluation 

Evaluation 

Evaluation 

Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

Evaluation 
Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 
Impact 
assessment 

5 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the deployment 
and operational use of cooperative intelligent transport systems 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Directive  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  amending 
Directive 2008/96/EC on road infrastructure safety management 
Impact  Assessment  accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  on  the 
labelling  of  tyres  with  respect  to  fuel  efficiency  and  other  essential 
parameters and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  on  the 
labelling  of  tyres  with  respect  to  fuel  efficiency  and  other  essential 
parameters, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 
Impact  Assessment  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  A 
Directive  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  amending 
Directive 2009/33/EC on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient 
road transport vehicles 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  A 
Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending 
Regulation  (EC)  No  1071/2009  and  Regulation  (EC)  No  1072/2009 
with a view to adapting them to developments in the sector 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending 
Regulation  (EC)  561/2006  as  regards  minimum  requirements  on 
maximum daily and weekly driving times, minimum breaks and daily 
and  weekly  rest  periods  and  Regulation  (EU)  165/2014  as  regards 
positioning by means of tachographs 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

2018 

2018 

2018 

2017 

2017 

2017 

60  Support  study  for  Impact  Assessment  of  Cooperative  Intelligent 

Ricardo, TRT, TEPR 

2018 

61 

Transport Systems 
IMPACT ASSESSMENT (accompanying the document): Proposal for A 
Directive  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  amending 
Directive 203/59/EC on the initial qualification and periodic training of 
the  drivers  of  certain  road  vehicles  for  the  carriage  of  goods  or 
passengers and Directive 2006/126/EC on driving licences 

European 
Commission 

2017 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 
Impact 
assessment 

6 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

ID 

62 

63 

IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  COMMISSION 
REGULATION  amending  Regulation  (EU)  NÂ°  965/2012  laying  down 
technical  requirements  and  administrative  procedures  related  to  air 
operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) NÂ° 216/2008 of the European 
Parliament and of the Council 
Impact  assessment  accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on common 
rules for the allocation of slots at European Union airports (Recast) 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

64  Ex-post Evaluation of EPEC (The European Public-Private Partnership 

pwc 

65 

(PPP) Expertise Centre) 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  proposal  for  a 
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 
on  common  rules  in  the  field  of  civil  aviation  and  establishing  a 
European  Union  Aviation  Safety  Agency,  and  repealing  Regulation 
(EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
66  Support study to the Ex-post evaluation of Directive 2009/12/EC on 

Airport Charges 

European 
Commission 

2014 

2011 

2013 

2015 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

Steer Davies Gleave  2017 

Evaluation 

67  Support study for an ex-post evaluation of the SES performance and 

68 

charging schemes 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Directive  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  on  railway 
safety (Recast) 

Ecorys, nlr, 
Winsland Consulting 
European 
Commission 

69  Support study to the Evaluation of Regulation (EC) 392/2009 
70 

IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Proposal  for  a 
Directive  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  amending 
Council  Directive  96/53/EC  laying  down  for  certain  road  vehicles 
the  maximum  authorized 
circulating  within 
dimensions  in  national  and  international  traffic  and  the  maximum 
authorized weights in international traffic 

the  Community 

Ecorys 
European 
Commission 

2017 

2013 

2017 
2013 

Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

Evaluation 
Impact 
assessment 

71  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  IMPACT  ASSESSMENT 
the  document  COMMUNICATION  FROM  THE 
Accompanying 
COMMISSION  TO  THE  EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT,  THE  COUNCIL,  THE 
EUROPEAN  ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL  COMMITTEE  AND  THE 

European 
Commission 

2013 

Impact 
assessment 

7 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

COMMITTEE  OF  THE  REGIONS  Together  towards  competitive  and 
resource-efficient urban mobility 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  Legislative 
proposals to update the regulations on Single European Sky - SES2+ 
73  EX-POST  EVALUATION  of  Directive 2009/33/EC on the promotion of 

72 

74 

75 

76 

clean and energy efficient road transport vehicles 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  on  REGULATION  OF  THE  EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on periodic roadworthiness tests 
for  motor  vehicles  and  their  trailers  and  repealing  Directive 
2009/40/EC 
Impact  Assessment  accompanying  document  to  the  Proposal  for  a 
Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on occurrence 
reporting in civil aviation 
Impact  Assessment  Accompanying 
the 
establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction 
of  noise  related  operating  restrictions  at  Union  airports  within  a 
Balanced  Approach  and  repealing  Directive  2002/30/EC  of  the 
European Parliament and of the Council 

the  document  on 

European 
Commission 
Ricardo, TEPR 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

77  Harmonised  Risk  Acceptance  Criteria  for  Transport  of  Dangerous 

DNV GL 

Goods 

78  Assessment  of  the  implementation  of  a  European  alternative  fuels 

Exergia 

strategy and possible supportive proposals 

79  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  IMPACT  ASSESSMENT 
Accompanying the document Proposal for A Directive of the European 
Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2009/33/EC on the 
promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles 
IMPACT  ASSESSMENT  Accompanying  the  document  amending 
Commission  Regulation  (EC)  No  272/2009  supplementing  the 
common basic standards on civil aviation security as regards the use 
of security scanners at EU airports 

80 

81  SWD(2014)  191:  COMMISSION  STAFF  WORKING  DOCUMENT  - 
Supportive  Analytical  Document  -  Accompanying  the  document 
COMMUNICATION  FROM  THE  COMMISSION  TO  THE  EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

European 
Commission 

2013 

2015 

2012 

2012 

2011 

2014 

2012 

2017 

2011 

2014 

Impact 
assessment 
Evaluation 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 
Impact 
assessment 
Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

Impact 
assessment 

8 

 
Evaluation of the White Paper ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ 

ID 

Source Title 

Author 

Year Published 

Source Type 

COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS concerning the 
European Union Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region 

82  Evaluation  of  the  implementation  and  effects  of  EU  infrastructure 

Ricardo-AEA 

2014 

Evaluation 

charging policy since 1995 

9 

 
 
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ISBN: 978-92-76-34115-4  

doi: 10.2832/72255