Eurostatistics. Data for short-term economic analysis. 09/2020.
Date: 2020-09-19
Institutions: Eurostat
Subjects: EU statistics, economic analysis, economic situation, economic statistics, short-term economic prospects

09/2020

STATISTICAL BOOKS 
 
09/2020

Manuscript completed in September 2020

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Theme: General and regional statistics
Collection: Statistical books

PDF: 

KS-BJ-20-009-EN-N 

ISSN 1831-3221

Editorial  .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.  Summary analysis  .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Latest macroeconomic developments  .............................................................................................................................................................  9

Growth forecasts for the euro area  .................................................................................................................................................................. 10

Cyclical indicators for the euro area  ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Latest cyclical estimates for the EA and the EU  ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Methodological notes  ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

2.  Cross-country comparisons  .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  19

3.  Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries  ...........................................................................................................................................  25

Detailed PEEIs analysis for the European Union (EU-27) ...........................................................................................................................26

Detailed PEEIs analysis for the euro area .........................................................................................................................................................28

Detailed PEEIs analysis by countries .................................................................................................................................................................30

4.  Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries  .............................................................................................................................  85

Appendix ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  97

Symbols and codes in the tables  ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98

Eurostat’s source datasets .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99

5

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  
1. 

Eurostat has published a wide range of statistics related to 
COVID-19 in a dedicated section of its website: COVID-19: 
Statistics serving Europe, together with practical guidance for 
official statisticians on the issues triggered by COVID-19.

European Union and euro area: GDP 
growth falling at unprecedented 
rates in Q2 2020 while economic 
sentiment continuing its recovery in 
August 2020

In Q2 2020, still marked by COVID-19 containment measures in 
most Member States, GDP fell steeply quarter-on-quarter by 
11.8 % and year-on-year by 14.7 % in the euro area, according 
to Eurostat’s estimate. These were by far the sharpest declines 
in GDP observed for the euro area since the time series started 
in 1995.  In Q1 2020, GDP decreased quarter-on-quarter by 
3.7% and year-on-year by 3.2 %. 

In the euro area, private final consumption expenditure 
decreased quarter-on-quarter by 12.4 % and year-on-year by 
15.9 % in Q2 2020, following a quarter-on-quarter decrease 
of 4.5 % and a year-on-year decrease of 3.8 % in Q1 2020. 
Investment (gross fixed capital formation) dropped quarter-
on-quarter by 17.0 % and year-on-year by 21.1 %, after a 
quarter-on-quarter fall of 5.2 % and a year-on-year increase of 
1.2 % in Q1 2020. 

In July 2020, a month marked by some relaxation of COVID-19 
containment measures in many Member States, the volume 
of retail trade decreased month-on-month by 1.3 % and 
increased year-on-year by 0.4 % in the euro area, following 
a quarter-on-quarter increase of 5.3 % and a year-on-year 
increase of 1.3 % in June 2020.

The euro area unemployment rate was 7.9 % in July 2020, up 
from 7.7% in June 2020. Eurostat estimates that 12.793 million 

men and women in the euro area were unemployed in July 
2020, an increase by 344 000 compared with June 2020 (1).

The euro area annual inflation rate (HICP) is expected to 
be –0.2 % in August 2020, down from 0.4 % in July 2020, 
according to a flash estimate from Eurostat. Looking at the 
main components of euro area inflation, food, alcohol & 
tobacco is expected to have the highest annual rate of 1.7 % 
in August 2020, down from 2.0 % in July 2020. The annual 
inflation rate for energy is expected to be –7.8 % in August 
2020, up from –8.4 % in July 2020.

Following a historical slump in March and April 2020, the 
recovery of the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) for the 
euro area continued in August 2020. The ESI grew month-
on-month by 5.3 points to 87.7 in August 2020 and has so 
far recovered around 60% of its cumulative losses in March 
and April 2020. In August 2020, the ESI’s recovery resulted 
from a sustained improvement of industry, retail trade and, in 
particular, services confidence. By contrast, confidence edged 
down in construction and remained broadly stable among 
consumers.

In August 2020, DG ECFIN’s Employment Expectations 
Indicator improved month-on-month by 2.9 points to 89.6 in 
the euro area.

In the European Union (EU-27), the quarter-on-quarter GDP 
growth rate fell by an unprecedented 11.4 % in Q2 2020, after 
a decrease of 3.3 % in Q1 2020. The year-on-year GDP growth 
rate followed the same pattern falling by an unparalleled 
13.9 % in Q2 2020, after a decrease of 2.7 % in Q1 2020.

In the EU-27, the Economic Sentiment Indicator grew month-
on-month by 5.0 points to 86.9 in August 2020. The ESI was 
103.0 in February 2020, just before COVID-19 containment 
measures were introduced in Member States.

(1)  These estimates are based on the International Labour Organisation (ILO) 

standard definition of unemployment, which counts as unemployed people 
without a job who have been actively seeking work in the last four weeks and 
are available to start work within the next two weeks.

7

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Editorial

Situation in EU Member States: 
Germany, Spain, France and Italy 
recording sharp declines of GDP in 
Q2 2020
In Q2 2020, GDP fell steeply in Germany, Spain, France and 
Italy, the largest EU economies.

In Germany, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate 
dropped sharply to –9.7 % in Q2 2020 from –2.0 % in 
Q1 2020. The quarter-on-quarter growth rates of private final 
consumption expenditure and investment were –10.9 % and 
–7.9 %, respectively, in Q2 2020, down from –2.5 % and –0.5 %, 
respectively, in Q1 2020. The year-on-year GDP growth rate 
fell sharply to –11.3 % in Q2 2020 from –2.2 % in Q1 2020. The 
unemployment rate increased slightly to 4.4 % in July 2020 
from 4.3 % in June 2020.  The Economic Sentiment Indicator 
grew to 94.3 in August 2020 from 88.4 in July 2020.  

In Spain, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate fell to 
–18.5 % in Q2 2020 from –5.2 % in Q1 2020. The quarter-
on-quarter growth rates of private final consumption 
expenditure and investment dropped sharply to –20.8 % and 
–22.3 %, respectively, in Q2 2020 from –6.5 % and –5.7 %, 
respectively, in Q1 2020. The year-on-year GDP growth rate 
fell sharply to –22.1 % in Q2 2020 from –4.1 % in Q1 2020. 
The unemployment rate was stable at 15.8 % in July 2020 
compared with June 2020.  The ESI decreased to 88.1 in 
August 2020 from 90.6 in July 2020.

In France, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate dropped 
sharply to –13.8 % in Q2 2020 from –5.9 % in Q1 2020. The 
quarter-on-quarter growth rates of private final consumption 
expenditure and investment plummeted to –11.8 % and 
–14.9 %, respectively, in Q2 2020 from –5.8 % and –10.0 %, 
respectively, in Q1 2020. The year-on-year GDP growth rate 
fell sharply to –18.9 % in Q2 2020 from –5.7 % in Q1 2020. The 
unemployment rate increased to 6.9 % in July 2020 from 6.6 % 
in June 2020.  The ESI jumped to 91.5 in August 2020 from 82.2 
in July 2020.

In Italy, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate plummeted 
to –12.8 % in Q2 2020 from –5.5 % in Q1 2020. The quarter-on-
quarter growth rates of private final consumption expenditure 
and investment dropped sharply to –11.3 % and –14.9 %, 
respectively, in Q2 2020 from –6.7 % and –7.5 %, respectively, 
in Q1 2020. The year-on-year GDP growth rate fell sharply to

–17.7 % in Q2 2020 from –5.6 % in Q1 2020. The 
unemployment increased to 9.7 % in July 2020 from 9.3 % in 
June 2020.  The ESI increased to 80.6 in August 2020 from 77.9 
in July 2020.

International context: GDP growth 
down sharply in the United States 
while rebounding significantly in 
China in Q2 2020 
In the United States, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate 
fell significantly to –9.1 % in Q2 2020 from –1.3 % in Q1 2020. 
The year-on-year GDP growth rate dropped sharply to –9.1 % 
in Q2 2020 from 0.3 % in Q1 2020. The annual consumer price 
index grew to 0.4 % in July 2020 from 0 % in June 2020. The 
unemployment rate decreased to 8.4 % in August 2020 from 
10.2 % in July 2020 and 11.1 % in June 2020.

Concerning the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and 
South Africa), in China, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth 
rate rebounded significantly to 11.5 % in Q2 2020 from –10.0 % 
in Q1 2020. The year-on-year GDP growth rate grew to 3.2 % in 
Q2 2020 from –6.8 % in Q1 2020. The annual consumer price 
index grew to 2.7 % in July 2020 from 2.5 % in June 2020.

India recorded a quarter-on-quarter GDP growth of –25.2 % 
in Q2 2020, down sharply from 0.7 % in Q1 2020. The year-on-
year GDP growth rate plummeted to –23.5 % in Q2 2020 from 
3.3 % in Q2 2020. The annual consumer price index increased 
to 5.3 % in July 2020 from 5.1 % in June 2020. 

In Brazil the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate fell 
significantly to –9.7 % in Q2 2020 from –2.5 % in Q1 2020. The 
year-on-year GDP growth rate dropped sharply to –11.4 % in 
Q2 2020 from –1.4 % in Q1 2020. The annual consumer price 
index grew to 2.3 % in July 2020 from 2.1 % in June 2020.

In South Africa, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate 
plummeted to –16.4 % in Q2 2020 from –0.5 % in Q1 2020. The 
year-on-year GDP growth rate dropped sharply to –17.2 % in 
Q2 2020 from –0.2 % in Q1 2020. The annual consumer price 
index increased to 3.2 % in July 2020 from 2.1 % in June 2020. 

Russia recorded a quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate of 
0.3 % in Q1 2020, down from 0.5 % in Q4 2019 . The year-on-
year GDP growth improved to 1.8 % in Q1 2020 from 1.5 % in 
Q4 2019 (2). The annual consumer price index grew to 3.4 % in 
July 2020 from 3.2 % in June 2020.

8

(2)  GDP data for Q2 2020 are not available.

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 2. 

Latest macroeconomic developments

Data collection for a large number of indicators published 
in this edition of Eurostatistics has been affected by the 
COVID-19 crisis. For most of the concerned indicators, data 
are based on fewer statistical observations than usual. More 
information on the compilation are available in the news 
releases of each indicator.

EVOLUTION OF GDP

Seasonally adjusted GDP declined by 11.8 % in the euro area 
(EA-19) and by 11.4 % in the EU-27 during the second quarter 
of 2020, compared with the previous quarter, according to 
an estimate published by Eurostat, the statistical office of 
the European Union. In the first quarter of 2020, GDP had 
declined by 3.3 % in EU-27 and by 3.7 in the euro area (EA-
19). Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, 
seasonally adjusted GDP declined by 14.7 % in the euro area 
and by 13.9 % in the EU-27 in the second quarter of 2020, after 
also –3.2 % and –2.7 % respectively in the previous quarter.

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

In June 2020, seasonally adjusted industrial production 
increased by 9.1 % in both the euro area (EA-19) and the 
EU-27, compared with May 2020, according to estimates from 
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In May 
2020, industrial production increased by 11.6 % in EU-27 and 
by 12.3 % in euro area as compared to April 2020. In June 2020 
compared with June 2019, industrial production decreased by 
12.3 % in the euro area and by 11.6 % in the EU-27. 

PRODUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION

In June 2020 compared with May 2020, seasonally adjusted 
production in the construction sector increased by 4.0 % in 
the euro area (EA-19) and by 2.9 % in the EU-27, according to 
estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European 
Union. In May 2020, production in construction increased by 

29.4 % in the euro area and by 22.3 % in the EU-27. In June 
2020 compared with June 2019, production in construction 
decreased by 5.9 % in euro area (EA-19) and by 5.8 % in EU-27.

RETAIL TRADE

In July 2020 compared with June 2020, the seasonally adjusted 
volume of retail trade decreased by 1.3 % in the euro area 
(EA-19) and by 0.8 % in the EU-27, according to estimates from 
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In June 
2020, the retail trade volume increased by 5.3 % in the euro 
area (EA-19) and by 5.1 % in the EU-27. In July 2020 compared 
with July 2019, the calendar adjusted retail sales index 
increased by 0.4 % in the euro area and by 0.7 % in the EU-27.

INFLATION

In August 2020, the Euro area annual inflation is expected to 
be –0.2 %, down from 0.4 % in July 2020 according to a flash 
estimate from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European 
Union. In August 2019, the annual inflation rate was 1 % in the 
euro area.

UNEMPLOYMENT

In July 2020, the euro area (EA-19) seasonally-adjusted 
unemployment rate slightly increased to 7.9 % from 7.7 % in 
June 2020. The EU-27 unemployment rate was 7.2 % in July 
2020, up from 7.1 % in June 2020. These figures are published 
by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. 
Eurostat estimates that 15.184 million men and women in 
the EU-27, of whom 12.793 million in the euro area, were 
unemployed in July 2020. Compared with June 2020, the 
number of persons unemployed increased by 336 000 in the 
EU-27 and by 344 000 in the euro area. Compared with July 
2019, unemployment increased by 927 000 in the EU-27 and by 
494 000 in the euro area.

9

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 1 Summary analysis

INTEREST RATES

On 10 September 2020, the Governing Council of the 
European Central Bank maintained its benchmark-refinancing 
rate at 0.0 % since 15 March 2016. On 28 July, the Federal 
Reserve decided to maintain the target range for the federal 
funds rate at 0 to ¼ percent. The Bank of Japan left the key 
interest rate unchanged at –0.1 % at its July 2020 meeting, 
after a decrease from 0.0 % in December 2015. In August 2020, 
the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee maintained 
its benchmark bank rate at 0.1 %. The euro area's 3-month 
rate, Euribor, decreased from –0.44 % in July to –0.48 % in July 
2020. Long-term interest rates (monthly average weighted 
10-year government bond yield) of the euro area decreased 
to 0.05 % in July 2020, from 0.18 % in June 2020. The EU-27 

long-term interest rates decreased to 0.29 % in July 2020, from 
0.40 % in June 2020.

EXCHANGE RATES

The euro/US dollar exchange rate (monthly average) increased 
to USD 1.18 in August 2020, from USD 1.15 in July 2020. The 
euro/Japanese yen exchange rate increased to JPY 125.40 in 
August 2020, from JPY 122.38 in July 2020. The euro increased 
against the Swiss franc to CHF 1.0767 in August 2020, from 
CHF 1.0711 in July 2020. The euro/UK pound sterling exchange 
rate decreased to GBP 0.901 in August 2020, from GBP 0.905 in 
July 2020.

Growth forecasts for the euro area (1)

Growth assessment

In the extraordinary times of COVID-19 spreading over the 
world and having major health and economic impacts, 
which cannot be tracked with usual short-term indicators, 
the EUROFRAME group of research institutes has decided on 
6 May to suspend the release of Euro Growth Indicator 
estimates until further notice.

2012. The indicator continues to be affected by weakness in 
international trade and, as in July 2020, by still low business 
and consumer confidence. 

For a description of the sources and methods on 
the indicators of growth and turning points, see the 
Methodological notes at the end of this section.

The €-coin declined from –0.5 in July 2020 to –0.64 in August 
2020. The indicator reached its lowest level since September 

(1)  Euro area growth assessment is based on the indicators’ news releases and do 

not necessarily reflect Eurostat’s views.

10

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

Figure 1: Quarter-over-quarter GDP growth indicators 
(Q/Q–1)

EuroCoin

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
0
2
0
2

2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
-12.0
-14.0

3
Q
9
1
0
2

4
Q
9
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

GDP

2
Q
0
2
0
2

3
Q
0
2
0
2

Table 1: Comparison of GDP growth forecasts for the euro area

Over previous quarter (Q/Q–1)

Over previous year (Q/Q–4)

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Percentage change

EUROSTAT release

0.3 

0.1

–3.7 

–11.8

1.4 

1.0

–3.2 

–14.7

EuroCOIN

0.25

0.28

0.13

–0.13

–0.32

–0.37

–0.50

–0.64

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06

2020M07

2020M08

Cyclical indicators for the euro area (1)

Growth assessment

The Business Climate Indicator (BCI) (2) for the euro area 
decreased by 1.33 points in August 2020, following a decrease 
of 1.8 points in July 2020. 

The Composite leading indicators (CLIs) were published 
on 8 September 2020. Although in August 2020 the composite 
leading indicators (CLIs) continued to strengthen from the 
Covid-19 crisis lows, the pace of recovery has slowed and CLIs 
remain below the levels recorded prior to the initial COVID-19 
outbreak. A moderate growth in CLIs was seen across all OECD 
major economies, especially in France, where the indicator 
has improved only marginally in the last two months. A 
similar moderation has also occurred in all major emerging 
economies, except China, where the rate of expansion of the 
CLI (for manufacturing) remains stable, and also in Brazil where 
the CLI continues to strengthen.

With uncertainty persisting around the possibility of future 
mitigation measures, the CLIs should be interpreted with 

care, particularly when assessing month-on-month growth 
rates as underlying data used in their construction may be 
more volatile and subject to greater revision than normal. The 
magnitude of the CLI should be regarded as an indication 
of the strength of the signal rather than as a measure of the 
degree of growth in economic activity.

The DZ BANK’s Euro-Indicator, published on 1 September 
2020, gradually climbed out of the deep valley into which it 
had plunged in spring. In August 2020, the indicator rose by 
0.9 percent as compared to July 2020 and now stands at 97.05. 
In July, the indicator was at 96.19 points. In year-on-year terms, 
the loss in August was lower than in the previous month. The 
rate rose from –2.31 percent in July to –1.57 percent most 
recently. 

(1)  Euro area growth assessment is based on the indicators’ releases and do not necessarily reflect Eurostat's views; IFO Economic Climate Indicator has been discontinued. 
(2)  The BCI press release has been discontinued.

11

Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

Table 1: Comparison of indicators of turning points in the business cycle for the euro area

OECD - CLI

DZ BANK Euro-Indicator

DZ BANK Euro-Indicator

Index

Index

Y-O-Y growth rate

DG ECFIN Bussiness Climate Indicator

Points of std-dev.

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06

2020M07

2020M08

91.67

92.31

–6.57

–1.94

93.80

92.44

–6.59

–2.39

96.97

94.70

–4.08

–2.25

97.61

96.19

–2.31

–1.80

97.66

97.05

–1.57

–1.33

Figure 1: DZ BANK Euro-Indicator and GDP growth

Figure 2: DG-ECFIN Business Climate Indicator and 
Industrial Production Index

    6

    1

4

9

14

    2

    1

    0

1

2

3

19

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

4
2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

   16

   8

   0

8

16

24

32

Y-O-Y DZ BANK Euro-Indicator

Y-O-Y GDP growth rate

Figure 3: OECD Leading indicator

Y-O-Y growth rate of the Industrial Production Index
(left-hand scale, excl. construction)

DG-ECFIN Business Climate Indicator (right-hand scale)

T
June
2003

P
Feb  
2008

T
June
2009

P
May
2011

T
March
2013

P

November
2017

T: trough / P: peak
in the reference series

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

GDP – ratio to trend

OECD indicator

104

100

96

92

88

84

80

12

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

Latest cyclical estimates for the EA and the EU (1)

Figure 1: EA GDP, trend and cycle with HP filter
(million euro)

Figure 4: EU-27 GDP, trend and cycle with HP filter
(million euro)

(GDP, Trend )
2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2 000 000

1 700 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
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0
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2

2
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2
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2
Q
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1
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2
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2
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1
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2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
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2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

(Cycle)
    100 000

(GDP, Trend )
3 800 000

50 000

200 000

350 000

500 000

3 500 000

3 200 000

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
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2
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2
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2
Q
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2

(Cycle)
    100 000

30 000

160 000

290 000

420 000

550 000

GDP

Trend

Cycle

GDP

Trend

Cycle

Figure 2: EA GDP, trend and cycle with CF filter
(million euro)

Figure 5: EU-27 GDP, trend and cycle with CF filter
(million euro)

(GDP, Trend )

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2 000 000

1 700 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
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2

2
Q
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1
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2
Q
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2
Q
0
2
0
2

(Cycle)
(Cycle)

    100 000

(GDP, Trend )
3 800 000

50 000

200 000

350 000

500 000

3 500 000

3 200 000

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
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0
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2

2
Q
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2

2
Q
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2
Q
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2
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2
Q
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0
2

(Cycle)
    100 000

30 000

160 000

290 000

420 000

550 000

GDP

Trend

Cycle

GDP

Trend

Cycle

Figure 3: EA GDP, trend and cycle with UC filter
(million euro)

Figure 6: EU-27 GDP, trend and cycle with UC filter
(million euro)

(GDP, Trend )
2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2 000 000

1 700 000

(Cycle)
    100 000

(GDP, Trend )
3 800 000

50 000

200 000

350 000

500 000

3 500 000

3 200 000

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

(Cycle)
    100 000

30 000

160 000

290 000

420 000

550 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

GDP

Trend

Cycle

GDP

Trend

Cycle

(1)  Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the GDP and employment estimates for Q1 and Q2 2020, as well as the IPI estimates for M3, M4, M5 and M6 2020 could be considered as 
values not following the previous path of the series, namely, outliers. Outliers can affect trend cycle decompositions. To reduce the impact of the last point in the time 
series, an outlier correction has been performed and the filters run on the corrected data. After the trend cycle decomposition, the outlier was then re-introduced in 
the irregular component. This is mainly visible in the decompositions obtained by the Hodrick and Prescott (HP) filter because the output cycle component includes 
also the irregular one (see also methodological notes).

13

Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

Figure 7: EA IPI, trend and cycle with HP filter
(Index, 2015=100)

Figure 10: EU-27 IPI, trend and cycle with HP filter
(Index, 2015=100)

(IPI., Trend)
 120

 110

 100

 90

 80

 70

(Cycle)
     10

     0

10

20

30

40

6
0
M
4
9
9
1

6
0
M
6
9
9
1

6
0
M
8
9
9
1

6
0
M
0
0
0
2

6
0
M
2
0
0
2

6
0
M
4
0
0
2

6
0
M
6
0
0
2

6
0
M
8
0
0
2

6
0
M
0
1
0
2

6
0
M
2
1
0
2

6
0
M
4
1
0
2

6
0
M
6
1
0
2

6
0
M
8
1
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

(IPI., Trend)
 115

 105

 95

 85

 75

(Cycle)
     10

1

12

23

34

6
0
M
0
0
0
2

6
0
M
2
0
0
2

6
0
M
4
0
0
2

6
0
M
6
0
0
2

6
0
M
8
0
0
2

6
0
M
0
1
0
2

6
0
M
2
1
0
2

6
0
M
4
1
0
2

6
0
M
6
1
0
2

6
0
M
8
1
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

Figure 8: EA IPI, trend and cycle with CF filter
(Index, 2015=100)

Figure 11: EU-27 IPI, trend and cycle with CF filter
(Index, 2015=100)

(IPI., Trend)
 120

 110

 100

 90

 80

 70

(Cycle)
     10

     0

10

20

30

40

6
0
M
4
9
9
1

6
0
M
6
9
9
1

6
0
M
8
9
9
1

6
0
M
0
0
0
2

6
0
M
2
0
0
2

6
0
M
4
0
0
2

6
0
M
6
0
0
2

6
0
M
8
0
0
2

6
0
M
0
1
0
2

6
0
M
2
1
0
2

6
0
M
4
1
0
2

6
0
M
6
1
0
2

6
0
M
8
1
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

(IPI., Trend)
 115

 105

 95

 85

 75

(Cycle)
     10

1

12

23

34

6
0
M
0
0
0
2

6
0
M
2
0
0
2

6
0
M
4
0
0
2

6
0
M
6
0
0
2

6
0
M
8
0
0
2

6
0
M
0
1
0
2

6
0
M
2
1
0
2

6
0
M
4
1
0
2

6
0
M
6
1
0
2

6
0
M
8
1
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

IPI

Trend

Cycle

Figure 9: EA IPI, trend and cycle with UC filter
(Index, 2015=100)

Figure 12: EU-27 IPI, trend and cycle with UC filter
(Index, 2015=100)

(IPI., Trend)
 120

 110

 100

 90

 80

 70

6
0
M
4
9
9
1

6
0
M
6
9
9
1

6
0
M
8
9
9
1

6
0
M
0
0
0
2

6
0
M
2
0
0
2

6
0
M
4
0
0
2

6
0
M
6
0
0
2

6
0
M
8
0
0
2

6
0
M
0
1
0
2

6
0
M
2
1
0
2

6
0
M
4
1
0
2

6
0
M
6
1
0
2

6
0
M
8
1
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

(Cycle)
     10

     0

10

20

30

40

(IPI., Tred)
 115

 105

 95

 85

 75

(Cycle)
     10

1

12

23

34

6
0
M
0
0
0
2

6
0
M
2
0
0
2

6
0
M
4
0
0
2

6
0
M
6
0
0
2

IPI

6
0
M
8
0
0
2

6
0
M
0
1
0
2

6
0
M
2
1
0
2

6
0
M
4
1
0
2

6
0
M
6
1
0
2

6
0
M
8
1
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Trend

Cycle

14

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

Figure 13: EA Employment, trend and cycle with HP filter
(thousand persons)

Figure 16: EU-27 Employment, trend and cycle with HP filter
(thousand persons)

(Emp., Trend)
170 000

160 000

150 000

140 000

130 000

120 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

(Cycle)
    3 000

    1 200

600

2 400

4 200

6 000

(Emp., Trend)
215 000

205 000

195 000

185 000

175 000

(Cycle)
    4 000

    1 000

2 000

5 000

8 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Figure 14: EA Employment, trend and cycle with CF filter
(thousand persons)

Figure 17: EU-27 Employment, trend and cycle with CF filter
(thousand persons)

(Emp., Trend)
170 000

160 000

150 000

140 000

130 000

120 000

(Cycle)
    3 000

    1 200

600

2 400

4 200

6 000

(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
215 000

205 000

195 000

185 000

175 000

(Cycle)
(Cycle)
(Cycle)
    4 000

    1 000

2 000

5 000

8 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Figure 15: EA Employment, trend and cycle with UC filter
(thousand persons)

Figure 18: EU-27 Employment, trend and cycle with UC filter
(thousand persons)

(Emp., Trend)
170 000

160 000

150 000

140 000

130 000

120 000

(Cycle)
    3 000

    1 200

600

2 400

4 200

6 000

(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
215 000

205 000

195 000

185 000

175 000

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

2
Q
8
9
9
1

2
Q
0
0
0
2

2
Q
2
0
0
2

2
Q
4
0
0
2

2
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q
2
1
0
2

2
Q
4
1
0
2

2
Q
6
1
0
2

2
Q
8
1
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Employment

Trend

Cycle

(Cycle)
(Cycle)
(Cycle)
(Cycle)
    4 000

    1 000

2 000

5 000

8 000

15

Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

Methodological notes (1)

Indicators of growth and turning 
points — sources and methods

The EUROFRAME Euro Growth Indicator: calculated by 
the OFCE (Paris) in cooperation with the EUROFRAME group, 
which consists of: CPB (Den Haag), DIW (Berlin), ESRI (Dublin), 
ETLA (Helsinki), IFW (Kiel), NIESR (London), PROMETEIA 
(Bologna), WIFO (Vienna), and CASE (Poland). The purpose of 
this leading indicator is to anticipate the development of the 
GDP in the euro area two quarters ahead of official statistics. 
The indicator considers surveys from industry, construction, 
and households, ISM survey of US industry, real euro/dollar 
exchange rate, and European stock index. The indicator is 
based on ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of the GDP 
growth rate, and released on a monthly basis.

€-COIN: a monthly ‘smoothed’ estimate of quarter-on-
quarter GDP growth in the euro area, calculated by the Banca 
d’Italia. It is obtained by collecting a large set of statistics 
and extracting from it information relevant to forecast future 
GDP. It tracks GDP growth anticipating official GDP releases 
by several months, by giving each month an early estimate 
of euro area growth in terms of quarter- on-quarter changes 
in GDP. Moreover, it sheds light on the underlying trend by 
removing short-run fluctuations and measurement errors 
from the growth rate; in this respect it is not only a forecast, 
but also an indicator of the true growth momentum in the 
euro area.

The OECD Composite Leading Indicator: designed to 
predict cyclical turning points (peaks and troughs) in GDP as 
a proxy of the business growth cycle of the overall economy. 
It comprises a set of component series from a wide range of 
economic indicators.

DG ECFIN: Business Climate Indicator (monthly), designed 
to deliver a clear and early assessment of the cyclical situation 
of the euro area. The indicator uses, as input, five balances of 
opinions from DG ECFIN’s Business and Consumer Surveys. 
The resulting ‘common factor’ may be read as a survey result: 
the higher the level, the healthier the cyclical situation, and 
a rise in the indicator points to an upswing in activity and an 
improvement in business climate.

DZ-Euroland-Indicator: calculated by DZ Bank (monthly), 
aims at predicting recessions and has also proved to reflect 
movements in GDP growth rate. It is built on concepts 
implemented by the US Conference Board for monitoring 
cyclical indicators. Nine series for euro area or for the 
main countries are selected for their leading properties, 
and aggregated to give a composite index which can be 
compared with the level of GDP in order to anticipate 
recessions.

(1)  IFO Economic Climate Indicator has been discontinued. On 9 April IFO Institute 

published a new special issue on Eurozone Economic Outlook:

  https://www.ifo.de/sites/default/files/secure/prognosen/EZEO_20Q1_en.pdf.

16

Trend-cycle decomposition

A trend-cycle decomposition method aims at further 
decomposing seasonally adjusted data into a trend 
component and a cyclical component (expressed as deviation 
from the trend). Identifying and estimating the trend and 
cyclical components of key economic indicators is very 
relevant: the trend provides information on longer-term 
movements in the seasonally adjusted series over several 
years; the cycle is a sequence of smoother fluctuations around 
the longer-term trend in part characterised by alternating 
periods of expansion and contraction. 

There are many alternative methods to identify and estimate 
the trend and cycle components in time series. The estimates 
for three indicators — GDP, industrial production, and 
employment — are produced using three different filters:

Hodrick-Prescott (HP): a filter widely used in 
macroeconomics to fit a smooth curve through a set of 
points.

Christiano-Fitzgerald (CF): a well-known approximation to 
an ideal band pass filter, estimated non-parametrically.

Unobserved Components (UC): a parametric approach 
which involves estimating a statistical model and 
decomposing the series into components, including the trend 
and cycle.

Since seasonally adjusted data also include an irregular 
component, it is important how this component is treated in 
trend-cycle decomposition methods. So-called de-trending 
methods, such as the HP filter, decompose the series as a 
sum of a trend and a cyclical component. In this case, the 
cycle also contains the irregular component. Cycle extraction 
methods, such as the CF filter, first extract the cyclical 
component within a pre-specified band of frequencies 
and then estimate the trend as the difference between the 
original series and the cycle component. In this case, the trend 
also contains the irregular component. Finally, the UC model 
estimates simultaneously the trend, the cycle and the irregular 
components, under some hypotheses, so that neither the 
trend nor the cycle contain the irregular component. A good 
understanding of the various components stemming from 
trend-cycle decomposition methods is essential, especially, 
in the presence of outliers at the end of the time series. In 
fact, different types of outliers affect different components: 
additive outliers typically affect the irregular component so 
that they will be visible in the HP filtered cycle and in the 
CF filtered trend and not in the trend or cycle components 
obtained by the UC approach. Finally, other types of outliers 
such as a level shift or a ramp effect will typically impact the 
trend. A ramp effect is a smooth, linear transition between 

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

two time points unlike the abrupt change associated with a 
level shift. Understanding the nature of an outlier can require 
several times series points.

Period Comparisons

Q/Q–1: quarter-on-quarter (q-o-q) growth/change in 
percentage for quarterly indicators where the difference 
between the value of a given quarter (Q) and that of the 
previous quarter (Q-1) is divided by the value of the previous 
quarter (Q-1) and multiplied by 100.

Q/Q–4: year-on-year (y-o-y) growth/change in percentage for 
quarterly indicators where the difference between the value 
of a given quarter (Q) and that of the same quarter of the 

previous year (Q-4) is divided by the value of the same quarter 
of the previous year (Q-4) and multiplied by 100.

M/M–1: a month-on-month (m-o-m) growth/change in 
percentage for monthly indicators  where the difference 
between the value of a given month (M) and that of the 
previous month (M-1) is divided by the value of the previous 
month (M-1) and multiplied by 100.

M/M–12: a year-on-year (y-o-y) growth/change in percentage 
for monthly indicators where the difference between the 
value of a given month (M) and that of the same month of 
the previous year (M-12) is divided by the value of the same 
month of the previous year (M-12) and multiplied by 100.

17

Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  3. 

This part presents the selected Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) complemented by certain monetary and financial 
indicators for the EU Member states and some other countries.

19

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  
2 Cross-country comparisons

Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product, in volume Q/Q-1, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2020 Q1 and 2020 Q2
(quarter-on-quarter growth in percentage)

5

0

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

EU27      EA19 ES HR HU EL PT FR IT RO BE CY MT AT BG DE SI PL CZ NL SK SE DK LV IE EE LT FI LU UK

US CH JP NO

2020 Q1

2020 Q2

Figure 2: Gross Domestic Product, in volume Q/Q-4, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2020 Q1 and 2020 Q2
(year-on-year growth in percentage)

7

2

3

8

13

18

23

28

EU27       EA19 ES FR IT PT EL MT HR BE HU AT SI SK CY DE CZ RO NL LV BG DK PL SE EE FI LT IE LU UK

JP CH US NO

2020 Q1

2020 Q2

Figure 3: Private Consumption, in volume Q/Q-1, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2020 Q1 and 2020 Q2
(quarter-on-quarter growth in percentage)

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

20

EU27     EA19

ES IE LV RO HR PT BE FR AT EL IT HU MT DE PL SI NL EE SE CY DK FI CZ LT SK BG LU UK

NO US CH JP

2020 Q1

2020 Q2

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Figure 4: Private Consumption, in volume Q/Q-4, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2020 Q1 and 2020 Q2
(year-on-year growth in percentage)

Cross-country comparisons

2

8

3

2

7

12

17

22

27

EU27      EA19 ES IE LV MT IT BE SI FR AT PT HR RO DE NL EL PL FI DK SE EE HU CZ CY LT SK BG LU UK

NO CH JP US

2020 Q1

2020 Q2

Figure 5: Balance of payments, current account, 2020 Q1
(as a percentage of GDP)

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

EU27     EA19 CY IE HR EL SK FR FI PT RO ES HU BE IT BG PL EE DK AT LV CZ LU MT SE LT DE SI NL UK

NO CH US JP

2020 Q1

Figure 6: Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: all items, M/M-1, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted 
data, 2020 M07
(month-on-month change in percentage)

1.5

0.5

0.5 

1.5 

2.5 

EU27      EA19 HU DK NL BG BE CZ FR HR LV FI RO SE SK EE MT AT PL IE CY SI LT LU DE IT EL ES PT UK

NO US CH JP

2020 M07

21

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 2 Cross-country comparisons

Figure 7: Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: all items, M/M-12, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted 
data, 2020 M06 and 2020 M07
(year-on-year change in percentage)

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

1  

2  

3  

EU27      EA19 HU PL CZ RO AT SK BE NL FR LT IT MT FI SE BG DK LV LU DE PT SI

IE HR ES EE CY EL UK

NO US JP CH

2020 M06

2020 M07

Figure 8: Unemployment rates, harmonized rates: total, seasonally adjusted data and not calendar adjusted data, 
2020 M05 and 2020 M06
(as a percentage of unemployed persons in the total number of active population)

   18

   15

   12

   9

   6

   3

   0

EU27    EA19

CZ PL DE MT NL BG IE SI HU RO AT BE DK FR SK PT CY FI LU EE HR LT LV SE IT ES EL UK

JP CH

2020 M05

2020 M06

Figure 9: Long term government bond yields, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted data, 2020 M06 and 
2020 M07
(in percentage points)

5

4

3

2

1

0

1 

EU27     EA19

EE RO HU PL IT EL HR CY CZ MT BG PT ES LT SI

IE SE FR SK BE LV FI AT DK NL  LU(¹)  DE UK

US NO JP

2020 M06

2020 M07

(1) for more information, see footnote on LU table

22

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Figure 10: General government deficit (-) / surplus (+), neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted data, 2020 Q1
(as a percentage of GDP)

Cross-country comparisons

2

6
4
2
0
2 
4 
6 
8 
10 
12 
14 

EU27     EA19 BE IT MT RO FR SI EE EL LT CZ HR IE ES SK AT PL SE LU HU FI PT DK LV BG DE CY NL UK

NO CH

2020 Q1

Figure 11: General government gross debt, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted data, 2020 Q1
(as a percentage of GDP)

200

150

100

50

0

EU27    EA19

EE BG LU CZ DK LT SE LV RO MT PL SK NL IE DE FI HU SI AT HR CY ES FR BE PT IT EL UK

NO CH US

2020 Q1

23

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4. 

25

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  
 
3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for the European Union (EU-27)

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.3

 5.6

 0.4

 0.4

–4.2

 0.1

 0.3

 4.9

–3.3

–11.4

–4.2

–12.0

–4.6

–15.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 1.5

 9.0

 1.6

 1.8

 3.7

 1.2

– 2.7

– 13.9

 1.6

– 3.2

– 15.1

 5.0

 1.2

– 19.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(extra EU-27)

m euro

 16996.4  21368.7  16953.9  20940.9  17324.3  22941.3

 23031.6 – 1 216.9

 6571.4  15674.4

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 45611.3 134594.5  91458.0

 55341.5  31169.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 0.2

 1.1

 0.1

M/M-12 %

–0.9

 0.2

 1.0

 0.1

–1.5

–0.2

 1.3

 0.2

–1.1

 0.3

 1.6

 0.1

–0.7

 1.7

 0.3

–0.3

–0.3

 0.2

 1.6

–0.7

–1.0

 0.5

 1.1

–1.5

–2.5

 0.2

 0.6

–1.9

–4.3

 0.0

 0.5

–0.5

–4.6

 0.3

 0.7

 0.8

–3.3

–0.2

 0.8

 0.4

–3.0

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.6

 15.0

 5.9

 6.6

 14.8

 5.8

 6.6

 14.9

 5.8

 6.5

 14.8

 5.8

 6.6

 14.9

 5.8

 6.5

 14.9

 5.7

 6.5

 14.8

 5.7

 6.7

 16.0

 5.9

 6.9

 16.4

 6.0

 7.1

 16.9

 6.2

 7.2

 17.0

 6.3

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.8

 0.8

 0.8

 1.0

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.0

 2.9

 2.7

 3.7

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.4

 0.0

 0.2

–0.2

–2.7

Q/Q-4 %

 1.0

 0.9

 1.0

 0.4

–2.9

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 0.1

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.7

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.6

 0.8

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.2

M/M-12 % (³)

 3.1

–0.3

–1.1

–0.6

 1.2

 0.1

 2.3

–0.2

–1.0

 0.7

 2.0

 1.0

 2.7

–1.5

–3.2

–1.5

–1.7

–0.9

 2.2

 1.8

–1.6

 3.0

 6.0

 1.0

 2.7

 0.0

–1.6

–0.3

 0.1

 0.6

 3.1

–10.8

–12.2

–12.9

–14.4

–9.6

–7.0

–18.2

–27.7

–14.9

–26.1

–11.4

–17.9

 11.6

 9.1

–20.1

–11.6

 22.3

–9.1

 18.4

–2.4

 2.9

–5.8

 5.1

 1.3

:

:

:

:

–0.8

 0.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 0.2

–0.7

 0.0

–3.8

 79.7

 79.3

2019M09 2019M10
 100.4

 101.3

 77.7
2019M11
 100.9

 79.5
2019M12
 101.0

:

:

2020M01 2020M02
 103.0

 102.5

2020M03
 94.5

2020M04
 63.8

2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08
 86.9

 66.7

 74.9

 81.9

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 0.23

 0.31

 0.45

 0.51

 0.49

 0.31

 0.45

 0.58

 0.49

 0.40

 0.29

-

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

26

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

European Union (EU-27)

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 
30.0 

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate
(PFC,I)
   10.0

   5.0

   0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

25.0 

Index
(ESI)
109.0

102.0

95.0

88.0

81.0

74.0

67.0

60.0

Growth rate
(RT)
   26.4

   19.8

   13.2

   6.6

   0.0

6.6 

13.2 

19.8 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

GDP (q/q–4)

IP (m/m–12)

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)
Investment (I) (q/q–1)
Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

PFC (q/q–4)
I (q/q–4)

RT (m/m–12)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    5.0

    2.5

    0.0

2.5 

5.0 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

4.0

2.0

0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Employment (E) (q/q–4)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–4)

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
Industrial producer prices (m/m–12)

HICP (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–12)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions EUR

160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
-20000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account (2)
External trade balance (1)

(1)  External trade balance is a monthly basis data
(2)  The BOP current account is a quarterly basis data

%
(MIR, GBY)
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Long-term government bond yield (GBY)

27

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for the euro area (**)

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.2

 6.4

 0.3

 0.4

–5.1

 0.1

 0.1

 5.7

–3.7

–11.8

–4.5

–12.4

–5.2

–17.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.2

 1.3

 9.9

 1.4

 1.5

 3.3

 1.0

 1.2

 5.0

–3.2

–14.7

–3.8

–15.9

 1.2

–21.1

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EA19) (¹)

BOP current account  
(extra EA19)

m euro

m euro

 19116.6  24044.1  18945.7  23296.3  19110.3  25360.7

 26037.4

 940.5

 8563.2  17143.1

:

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

42408.0

35923.0 29123.0 39680.0 -6703.0 18409.0

26926.0

9531.0

-7426.0 17268.0

:

:

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.2

 0.8

 0.2

–1.1

 0.1

 0.7

 0.1

–1.8

–0.3

 1.0

 0.2

–1.3

 0.3

 1.3

 0.0

–0.6

–1.0

 1.4

 0.3

–0.6

 0.2

 1.2

–0.7

–1.3

 0.5

 0.7

–1.5

–2.8

 0.3

 0.3

–2.0

–4.5

–0.1

 0.1

–0.6

–5.0

 0.3

 0.3

 0.7

–3.7

–0.4

 0.4

 0.6

–3.3

–0.4

–0.2

:

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 7.5

 15.6

 6.7

 7.4

 15.5

 6.6

 7.4

 15.6

 6.6

 7.4

 15.5

 6.6

 7.4

 15.5

 6.6

 7.3

 15.3

 6.5

 7.2

 15.4

 6.5

 7.4

 16.4

 6.5

 7.5

 16.7

 6.7

 7.7

 17.2

 6.9

 7.9

 17.3

 7.1

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.8

 0.7

 0.7

 0.9

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.7

 2.5

 2.3

 3.4

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.1

 0.2

–0.3

–2.9

Q/Q-4 %

 1.3

 1.1

 1.1

 0.4

–3.1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.0

–1.3

 0.8

 0.0

–0.3

 2.9

–0.3

–1.6

–0.9

 0.4

 0.0

 1.9

–0.2

–1.3

 0.7

 1.2

 0.9

 2.4

–1.6

–3.3

–1.7

–2.6

–0.9

 1.9

 1.9

–2.0

 3.6

 6.8

 0.7

 2.2

–0.1

–2.1

–0.8

–0.1

 0.7

 2.6

–11.8

–13.5

–15.0

–16.4

–10.4

–8.1

–18.0

–28.6

–18.2

–31.0

–12.0

–19.3

 12.3

 9.1

–20.4

–12.3

 29.4

–10.5

 20.6

–2.6

 4.0

–5.9

 5.3

 1.3

:

:

:

:

–1.3

 0.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–0.1

–0.8

 0.4

–3.9

 86.2

 85.9

 84.1

 86.3

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.1

 100.2

 100.7

 100.9

 102.6

 103.4

 94.1

 64.9

 67.5

 75.8

 82.4

 87.7

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.07

 0.02

 0.17

 0.23

 0.19

 0.01

 0.18

 0.35

 0.27

 0.18

 0.05

:

Euro-dollar exchange rate

average

 1.10

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.09

 1.11

 1.09

 1.09

 1.13

 1.15

 1.18

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.
Indicator:  
Current account  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–dollar exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(** ) Data refer to the EA–19 aggregate (euro area with 19 Member States) with the exception of Inflation (HICP all–items ), 3 month Interest rate, Long term government 
bond yields and Euro–dollar exchange rate which refer to the evolving euro area aggregate, i.e. euro area with 11 Member States till 31/12/2000, euro area with 12 
Member States from 01/01/2001 till 31/12/2006, euro area with 13 Member States from 01/01/2007 till 31/12/2007, euro area with 15 Member States from 01/01/2008 
till 31/12/2008, euro area with 16 Member States from 01/01/2009 till 31/12/2010, euro area with 17 Member States from 01/01/2011 till 31/12/2013, euro area with 18 
Member States from 01/01/2014 till 31/12/2014, euro area with 19 Member States from 01/01/2014 till next euro area enlargement

Source:
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only 
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

28

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Euro area

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
5.0  
10.0  
15.0  
20.0  
25.0  
30.0  
35.0  

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120.0

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0

Growth rate
(PFC,I)
10.0

5.0

0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

25.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    30.0

    22.5

    15.0

    7.5

    0.0

7.5 

15.0 

22.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

GDP (q/q–4)

IP (m/m–12)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)
Investment (I) (q/q–1)
Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

PFC (q/q–4)
I (q/q–4)

RT (m/m–12)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    4.0
    3.0
    2.0
    1.0
    0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

5.5

3.5

1.5

0.5 

2.5 

4.5 

6.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Employment (E) (q/q–4)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–4)

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
Industrial producer prices (m/m–12)

HICP (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–12)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions EUR
50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

-10000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
 5.0

 4.0

 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    2.5

    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

29

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Belgium
Detailed PEEIs analysis by countries

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.5

 0.3

 0.4

 0.8

 0.3

 0.5

 0.5

 0.5

–3.5

–12.1

–6.4

–12.7

–3.9

–18.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 0.6

 3.7

 1.6

 1.4

 3.9

 1.3

 1.8

 0.9

–2.4

–14.4

–4.7

–17.1

–2.8

–20.8

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–797.1

–285.6 –1055.7

–315.1

–231.4

–81.4

 610.7

–853.5

–520.1

 981.6

m euro

–1334.5

–710.8 –1595.1 –1011.2

–792.1

–535.4

–108.3 –1542.7 –1018.9

 323.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–2582.0

–109.0 –1961.0

 1546.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.6

 0.6

 0.5

–1.7

 0.3

 0.2

 2.3

 0.0

 0.4

 0.5

 0.3

 0.9

 0.3

–3.0

–3.2

–0.9

–1.1

 1.4

–0.5

–0.4

 1.5

 1.0

–0.9

–1.5

–0.4

 0.4

–2.8

–4.6

–0.2

 0.0

–2.5

–5.3

–0.2

–0.2

–4.6

–9.6

 0.4

 0.2

 1.8

–7.5

 0.7

 1.7

 2.3

–4.6

–1.5

–0.9

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.2

 13.0

 4.5

 5.2

 15.1

 4.4

 5.2

 15.1

 4.4

 5.2

 15.1

 4.4

 5.1

 11.9

 4.4

 5.0

 11.9

 4.4

 5.1

 11.9

 4.6

 5.3

 13.0

 4.8

 5.4

 13.0

 4.8

 5.5

 13.0

 4.8

 5.5

:

 4.7

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.4

 0.5

 0.3

 0.4

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.0

 2.6

 1.6

 1.6

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.5

 0.3

–0.3

–0.8

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 1.6

 1.7

 0.9

–0.3

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–1.1

 8.1

 0.4

–1.3

–0.6

 0.0

–1.8

 5.2

–0.7

–2.6

 1.5

 1.0

 1.2

 2.6

 1.3

 1.5

 1.9

 2.1

 2.4

 10.4

–2.2

–7.0

–1.0

 1.4

–4.0

 0.4

 3.2

 13.0

–1.1

 2.0

 0.7

 2.2

–3.2

 0.1

 2.8

 3.8

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 2.7

–5.5

 2.7

–11.5

 102.4

 102.2

 98.7

 104.4

:

:

–11.4

–19.3

–5.0

 12.2

–5.4

 10.9

–39.6

–10.0

–5.5

–3.1

–11.5

–24.5

–10.6

–8.5

–7.2

–15.8

 20.3

–0.1

–1.4

–10.5

 2.2

–1.6

 5.1

 5.1

:

:

:

:

–5.1

 0.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 93.1

 94.3

 93.9

 96.1

 97.6

 100.0

 92.4

 60.3

 61.9

 67.5

 77.4

 83.5

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.24

–0.16

–0.04

 0.01

–0.03

–0.13

–0.02

 0.14

 0.04

–0.04

–0.17

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

30

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Belgium

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)

 15

 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Index
(ESI)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Growth rate
(RT)
    25.0
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.7

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9

    0.8

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4

    0.3

    0.1

    0.0

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   3.0
   2.0
   1.0
   0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

2 000
1 500
1 000
 500
 0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2  
0.4  
0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

31

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Bulgaria

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 2.3

 0.7

 0.7

 1.2

 0.8

 0.8

 0.2

 1.3

 0.3

–10.0

–0.2

–2.5

–1.5

–2.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.5

 6.2

 1.6

 3.2

 6.2

 2.1

 3.1

 6.2

 3.0

 2.4

 3.5

 1.2

–8.5

–1.3

–1.5

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–198.9

–114.0

–49.2

–168.6

–176.8

–270.1

–176.4

–79.8

–145.2

–239.6

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 460.8

 1644.1

 117.5

 439.2

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.2

 1.6

 0.3

 4.5

 0.2

 1.6

 0.1

 3.8

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

 4.0

 8.2

 3.8

 4.2

 8.7

 4.0

 0.3

 2.2

 0.3

 4.0
2019M11
 4.2

 9.0

 4.0

 0.8

 3.1

 0.0

 0.5

 3.4

 0.4

 0.0

 3.1

–0.1

 3.0

 4.5

 4.7
2019M12 2020M01 2020M02
 4.5

 4.2

 4.2

–0.5

 2.4

–1.3

 1.8
2020M03
 4.1

–0.4

 1.3

–2.5

–0.2

 1.0

–0.7

–0.1

 0.9

 0.5

 0.8

 0.4

 1.6

:

:

:

–1.1

–1.7

–0.8
2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08
 4.4

–0.7

 4.8

 4.6

 4.4

:

:

 9.3

 3.9

 12.9

 4.1

 12.9

 3.9

 12.0

 3.8

 14.2

 4.4

 12.3

 4.2

 10.1

 4.1

 9.4

 4.1

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.8

 1.4

 3.1

 3.6

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 11.1

 10.2

 12.0

 10.2

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.0

–0.1

 0.4

–0.9

–1.0

Q/Q-4 %

 0.2

 0.1

 1.0

–1.3

–3.3

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.4

 0.3

 0.9

 6.5

 0.1

 3.5

 1.0

 1.9

 0.0

 3.4

 0.1

 2.6

–0.9

–0.3

–1.0

 1.3

 0.7

 3.7

–1.7

–1.3

 0.4

 1.9

 0.7

 5.8

 2.2

–0.6

 0.3

 1.7

 0.1

 3.4

 0.8

 0.0

–1.2

–0.2

 0.9

 5.5

–5.1

–6.8

–11.7

–13.8

–20.1

–14.6

–11.6

–15.9

–1.5

 1.3

–16.1

 4.4

–15.5

–14.0

–2.0

 1.0

 5.8

–7.8

 4.7

–2.2

 1.0

:

:

:

:

 0.1

–19.9

–20.4

–18.1

–17.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 4.8

 2.7

–3.1

 0.5

 20.4

 20.6

 20.4

 20.3

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.6

 102.3

 100.4

 103.1

 101.1

 98.3

 95.9

 58.3

 63.8

 72.6

 73.4

 73.8

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

New bulgarian Lev exchange  
rates against the euro

%

%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 0.35

 0.25

 0.22

 0.18

 0.15

 0.12

 0.15

 0.20

 0.20

 0.68

 0.50

-

:

average

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

32

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Bulgaria

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    6.0

    0.0

6.0 

12.0 

18.0 

24.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    6.0
    5.3
    4.6
    3.9
    3.2
    2.6
    1.9
    1.2
    0.5
0.2 
0.9 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

2 000

1 500

1 000

 500

 0

500

%
(MIR, GBY)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

Bulgarian Lev/

2.17

1.86

1.55

1.24

0.93

0.62

0.31

0.00

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Bulgarian lev-Euro exchange rate (Bulgarian Lev/€)

33

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Czechia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 1.2

 0.4

 0.5

 0.3

 1.0

 0.4

 0.8

 1.8

–3.3

–8.7

–2.4

–6.3

–8.2

 0.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.4

 3.3

 1.6

 2.3

 2.9

 1.0

 2.0

 3.2

 2.2

–1.9

–11.0

–0.1

–7.5

–5.2

–4.8

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–427.8

–437.8

–435.8

–248.6

–435.7

–407.9

–499.4

–1131.1 –1058.4

–626.8

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 1095.8 –2396.8

–932.6

 2911.3

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.5

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 2.6

 0.1

 1.9

 0.5

 2.6

–0.3

 0.9

 0.1

 3.0

–0.1

 0.9

 0.2

 3.2

 0.1

 2.1

 1.6

 3.8

 1.3

 2.4

 0.3

 3.7

–0.7

 1.4

 0.0

 3.6

–0.5

 0.4

–0.2

 3.3

–0.5

–0.8

 0.5

 3.1

 0.4

–0.9

 0.5

 3.4

–0.1

–0.3

 0.5

 3.6

 0.1

–0.1

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 2.1

 5.0

 1.9

 2.0

 5.1

 1.9

 2.1

 5.5

 1.9

 2.0

 4.9

 1.8

 2.0

 5.7

 1.8

 2.0

 5.7

 1.8

 2.1

 6.4

 1.9

 2.2

 6.8

 2.0

 2.4

 8.0

 2.1

 2.7

 8.6

 2.4

 2.7

 8.9

 2.3

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.7

 0.9

 2.3

 1.4

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 7.7

 5.3

 7.8

 6.5

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.0

–0.3

–0.2

 0.0

–1.4

Q/Q-4 %

 0.2

 0.1

–0.4

–0.4

–1.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.2

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.9

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.6

–1.5

 0.7

 4.9

–0.2

–0.3

–0.1

 0.5

–0.1

 4.6

–1.1

–3.0

 0.7

 5.2

 0.2

 3.9

–0.9

–3.0

 0.0

 4.4

 0.4

 4.0

 0.7

–1.4

 2.1

 4.4

 1.0

 4.7

 0.3

–0.3

–0.8

 3.6

–0.2

 3.6

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 1.7

 1.0

–1.4

–4.8

 32.6

 31.5

 30.2

 32.8

:

:

–10.7

–12.4

–2.1

–0.3

–10.5

–24.7

 16.6

 15.5

–35.2

–25.3

–10.5

 5.7

–5.0

 0.8

–2.7

–5.0

–1.8

–3.4

–8.9

 10.5

 0.7

–1.7

–11.8

–10.4

 1.0

–1.4

 1.8

 1.9

–6.0

–10.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.3

 99.4

 99.9

 99.8

 99.5

 96.3

 94.9

 64.5

 64.6

 65.1

 82.3

 81.4

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Czech Koruna exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 2.14

 2.17

 2.18

 2.18

 2.17

 2.34

 2.00

 0.97

 0.46

 0.34

 0.34

 1.24

 1.32

 1.47

 1.51

 1.62

 1.47

 1.28

 1.28

 0.92

 0.86

 0.86

:

:

average

 25.87

 25.69

 25.53

 25.50

 25.22

 25.05

 26.58

 27.26

 27.27

 26.68

 26.51

 26.17

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

34

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Czechia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 20
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
   4.0

   2.0

   0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.5
    2.0
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

2 000

3 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Czech Koruna/

    27.60

    27.00

    26.40

    25.80

    25.20

    24.60

    24.00

    23.40

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Czech koruna-euro exchange rate (Czech Koruna/€)

35

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Denmark

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Reference period

Q/Q–1 % 

Q/Q–1 % 

 1.2

 0.5

 0.2

 0.1

 0.5

 1.4

 0.0

–2.0

–6.9

–3.6

–0.1

–7.2

–7.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.8

 1.2

Q/Q-4 %

–6.5

 2.4

 2.3

 4.5

 2.1

 3.5

 6.1

–0.1

–8.2

–1.7

–9.3

–1.3

–7.1

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

–1.1

–0.1

External trade balance  
(extra EU–27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

 1527.2

 1574.8

 1871.8

 1835.0

 1727.1

 1766.6

 1651.0

 1842.3

 1612.1  1488.7

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 6910.7

 7601.0

 7612.5  3465.2

 :

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices – all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

–0.3

 0.4

–0.7

–4.0

 0.5

 0.6

 0.5

–0.3

 0.6

 0.5

–4.1

–4.8

–0.2

 0.8

–0.1

–1.9

 0.2

 0.8

–1.5

–4.2

 0.4

 0.7

–2.2

–5.7

–0.3

 0.3

–2.2

–6.2

–0.1

–0.1

–1.5

–8.7

–0.1

–0.2

–0.1

–8.5

 0.1

 0.2

 3.3

–3.8

 0.9

 0.4

–0.6

–5.2

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.2

 10.2

 4.4

 5.2

 10.6

 4.3

 5.1

 10.4

 4.2

 4.9

 9.9

 4.1

 4.9

 9.9

 4.1

 4.9

 9.9

 4.1

 4.8

 10.2

 3.9

 4.9

 10.5

 3.9

 5.5

 11.9

 4.4

 6.0

 12.6

 4.9

 6.0

 12.2

 4.9

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q–1 % (¹)

 0.9

 0.5

 0.3

 0.6

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.4

 2.2

 1.8

 2.3

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

 0.3

 0.2

 0.1

 0.0

–3.1

Q/Q-4 %

 1.2

 1.1

 1.0

 0.7

–2.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

 2.2

 4.6

M/M–1 % (¹)

–0.3

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

 1.9

 0.0

 0.5

–2.6

 0.2

 0.4

 2.6

–0.4

 0.8

–5.1

–5.1

 0.8

 3.7

 0.3

–0.2

 7.3

–6.4

–3.2

–0.9

–0.8

 0.2

–3.6

–2.9

 1.8

 2.5

 0.2

 1.8

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

General government deficit (–)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 5.3

 2.7

 2.8

–0.1

 34.5

 34.0

 33.3

 33.2

:

:

 1.3

–0.1

 2.1

 3.5

 0.2

 0.6

–0.4

–4.0

–6.1

–12.4

–2.2

–3.8

–5.4

–9.5

 9.3

 14.3

–0.6

–3.3

–2.0

–15.3

–4.0

–0.8

 9.4

 6.4

 4.0

–5.4

 1.2

 5.1

 0.9

 6.5

–4.9

–13.6

:

:

–0.9

 5.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.0

 96.3

 100.9

 102.0

 98.6

 102.3

 93.0

 54.9

 54.4

 67.0

 76.2

 77.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Danish Krone exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.45

–0.43

–0.41

–0.40

–0.41

–0.41

–0.36

–0.12

–0.13

–0.17

–0.19

–0.21

–0.59

–0.43

–0.31

–0.26

–0.26

–0.41

–0.41

–0.21

–0.29

–0.26

–0.34

:

%

%

average

 7.46

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.46

 7.46

 7.45

 7.45

 7.45

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

36

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Denmark

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 
8.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    10.0

    7.5

    5.0

    2.5

    0.0

2.5 

5.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   4.0

   3.0

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

Danish Krone/

7.480

7.470

7.460

7.450

7.440

7.430

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Danish krone-euro exchange rate (Danish Krone/€)

37

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Germany

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.5

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.0

 0.3

 0.3

 0.0

 0.1

–2.0

–9.7

–2.5

–10.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.1

 1.6

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.4

–0.1

–0.2

–0.5

–7.9

Q/Q-4 %

 3.0

 0.8

 1.9

 2.2

 0.4

 1.2

 0.8

–2.2

–11.3

–2.3

–12.9

–1.1

–8.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 19641.0  20964.8  19346.7  20405.0  18362.9  23029.4

 18223.2

 6770.1  10314.6  15632.9

m euro

 18814.2  19820.8  18159.4  19535.8  17375.7  21379.8

 17055.7

 6746.1  10716.1  15782.2

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 53524.0  59170.0  68246.0  65987.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.1

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.9

 0.1

 0.1

 0.1

 0.9

–0.1

–0.3

–0.8

 1.2

 0.0

–0.4

 0.6

 1.5

 0.1

 0.1

–0.8

 1.6

 0.8

 0.5

 0.6

 1.7

–0.4

 0.1

 0.1

 1.3

–0.8

–0.5

 0.4

 0.8

–0.6

–1.5

 0.0

 0.5

–0.5

–1.9

 0.7

 0.8

 0.0

–1.6

–0.5

 0.0

 0.2

–1.5

–0.2

–0.1

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.1

 5.7

 2.8

 3.1

 5.7

 2.9

 3.2

 5.7

 2.9

 3.3

 5.7

 3.0

 3.4

 5.7

 3.2

 3.6

 5.7

 3.3

 3.8

 5.8

 3.6

 4.0

 5.8

 3.8

 4.2

 5.8

 4.0

 4.3

 5.7

 4.1

 4.4

 5.7

 4.2

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.8

 1.0

 0.1

 2.4

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.2

 3.0

 3.0

 4.3

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.1

 0.1

 0.0

–1.4

Q/Q-4 %

 1.0

 0.8

 0.6

 0.3

–1.3

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.8

–5.0

 1.4

 2.1

 0.3

 3.9

–0.9

–5.6

–1.3

 1.2

–0.4

 2.2

 0.8

–3.5

 2.0

 3.6

 1.4

 3.4

–1.6

–6.3

–1.9

 0.5

–1.4

 2.2

 2.1

–3.2

 5.2

 14.1

 1.5

 2.3

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 0.4

–2.5

 0.2

 4.4

 1.0

 2.6

–10.7

–13.5

 0.7

 4.0

–2.2

 0.4

–20.3

 9.2

 10.9

 2.4

–29.3

–23.2

–13.9

–11.6

–5.2

–0.7

–6.3

–5.7

 0.1

 1.2

 13.2

 7.6

 2.3

 2.2

–1.9

 4.0

–4.3

–1.9

–0.9

 3.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 3.2

 0.3

 0.3

 1.4

 61.1

 61.1

 59.8

 61.3

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 98.4

 98.2

 98.6

 99.1

 101.2

 101.8

 92.0

 72.1

 75.3

 81.9

 88.4

 94.3

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.59

–0.47

–0.35

–0.30

–0.31

–0.47

–0.54

–0.45

–0.52

–0.43

–0.52

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

38

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Germany

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0

 0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

12.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0
    12.0
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.0
    2.5
    2.0
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0
   0.8
   0.6
   0.4
   0.2
   0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.8 
1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

80 000
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
 0

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

39

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Estonia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

Q/Q–1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

 0.8

 0.2

 3.5

 1.4

 0.6

–0.1

 0.5

–2.2

–5.6

–0.2

–9.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 4.8

 2.8

–5.2

–2.8

–2.4

–5.9

Q/Q-4 %

 22.6

 5.5

 2.6

 6.3

 4.1

 2.7

 3.7

–0.1

–6.5

 1.1

–8.4

–6.9

–15.4

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–28.4

–3.6

 58.8

–30.5

 78.1

 33.1

 40.8

 73.9

 9.6

 81.0

m euro

 2.9

 32.2

 87.4

 38.2

 101.6

 62.8

 43.8

 82.9

 17.6

 83.1

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

mn euro

 211.3

 224.1

 209.4

 252.3

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices – all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M–1 %

–0.2

M/M–12 %

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

 2.2

 0.0

 0.7

–0.2

 1.4

–0.7

 0.8

–0.4

 1.8

–0.4

–1.2

–0.3

 1.8

–1.3

–2.6

–0.6

 1.6

–1.6

–5.3

 0.6

 2.0

–0.9

–4.7

–0.6

 1.0

–1.6

–5.5

–0.3

–0.9

–0.8

–6.6

–0.6

–1.8

 0.7

–5.5

 0.7

–1.6

 3.7

–2.3

 0.0

–1.3

–2.1

–5.2

 0.7

–1.2

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.3

 9.3

 3.9

 4.1

 8.1

 3.8

 4.3

 9.2

 3.9

 4.4

 9.3

 4.0

 4.7

 8.6

 4.4

 4.7

 9.6

 4.3

 4.8

 9.9

 4.4

 6.0

 13.2

 5.5

 7.0

 17.9

 6.1

 8.0

 23.2

 6.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q–1 % (¹)

 2.0

 1.6

 1.5

–0.5

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 8.4

 7.7

 6.7

 4.3

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

–0.1

 1.0

 1.2

–0.5

–5.1

Q/Q-4 %

 0.0

 1.8

 1.6

 1.5

–3.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

–2.1

–2.3

–

–

 0.4

 3.7

–0.9

–3.6

–

–

 0.0

 4.3

 1.5

–5.4

–

–

 1.7

 4.4

–0.7

–6.5

–

–

–2.1

 3.2

–1.7

–8.2

–

–

 1.5

 3.3

 9.6

 3.5

–

–

 4.3

 8.1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

General government deficit (–)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 0.9

 9.1

 0.7

 9.0

–0.9

–6.5

 8.4

 8.9

:

:

–9.7

–8.7

–

–

–2.9

 2.9

–8.4

 0.0

–16.9

–17.5

–

–

–

–

–15.2

–12.9

 15.9

 2.6

 7.9

–5.2

–

–

 3.1

 6.6

 2.8

–0.4

–

–

–1.5

 3.6

:

:

–

–

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 94.9

 94.0

 92.4

 94.4

 94.4

 97.1

 96.5

 68.6

 68.6

 71.6

 81.2

 84.4

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3–month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

 0.14

:

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

40

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Estonia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15

 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0

 0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.0
    1.0
    0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   4.0

   3.0

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0

50

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  
0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

41

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Ireland

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.9

 0.6

 3.3

 0.3

 1.3

 0.0

–2.1

–6.1

Q/Q-4 %

 5.2

–3.6

–19.6

Q/Q-4 %

 3.3

 6.8

 3.0

 9.5

 7.7

 4.4

–3.7

 2.9

–2.7

–22.3

 56.0

 162.4

–73.0

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 193.8

–60.5

 159.3

–12.7

–69.8

Q/Q-4 %  275.6

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

 3758.8  3562.0

 3577.6

 3723.2  4334.7

2697.8

 5038.2

3166.3

 398.6

 3276.1

m euro

 3617.7

 468.9

 3481.0

 3663.1  4240.3

2653.5

 4952.8

 164.8

 319.0

 3203.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–26538.0  11178.0 –28439.0 –15206.0

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.3

 0.6

–0.1

 1.4

–0.2

 0.6

–0.2

 1.2

–0.2

 0.8

 0.2

 1.4

 0.2

 1.1

–0.2

 0.9

–0.7

 1.1

–1.1

–0.7

 0.6

 0.9

 0.2

–1.2

 0.4

 0.5

–0.1

–1.3

–0.4

–0.3

–0.5

–1.6

–0.6

–0.8

–0.3

–1.8

 0.4

–0.6

 0.1

–1.7

–0.2

–0.6

 0.0

–1.9

–0.2

–1.2

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.8

 11.8

 3.9

 4.7

 10.9

 3.8

 4.7

 10.8

 3.8

 4.7

 11.1

 3.8

 4.9

 11.8

 3.9

 4.8

 11.7

 3.8

 5.2

 5.0

 5.0

 4.6

 5.0

 13.0

 13.5

 15.2

 14.8

 16.0

 4.1

 4.0

 3.8

 3.5

 3.7

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.0

 1.0

 0.9

 0.1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.2

 0.8

 1.1

 0.3

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

:

:

: Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.2

 3.8

 3.9

 2.9

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

: Q/Q-4 %

 2.0

 2.4

 3.4

 2.2

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 4.6

 7.5

–

–

 0.7

 4.9

 3.7

 11.1

–

–

–0.1

 4.1

–5.4

 1.8

–

–

–0.3

 2.3

–5.9

–2.3

–

–

 1.0

 5.8

 3.5

 1.3

–

–

 0.0

 3.5

 0.6

–5.2

–

–

–0.2

 0.8

 19.6

–12.0

–13.2

 26.0

 4.7

–13.7

–

–

 0.1

 3.4

–

–

–22.0

–21.0

–

–

 13.4

–9.5

 12.3

 4.5

–

–

 20.7

 8.9

:

:

–

–

 0.5

 9.1

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 1.0

–1.4

 4.0

–3.6

 63.0

 61.3

 57.3

 59.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

–

–

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 96.6

 95.1

 100.7

 96.7

 101.8

 102.0

 95.2

 65.5

 70.7

 77.5

 80.9

 85.2

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.01

 0.02

 0.07

 0.04

 0.00

–0.13

 0.07

 0.20

 0.11

 0.08

–0.05

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) 

42

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Ireland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 25
 20
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 200.0

 150.0

 100.0

 50.0

 0.0

50.0 

100.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    28.0
    21.0
    14.0
    7.0
    0.0
7.0 
14.0 
21.0 
28.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.4

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.2

    1.0

    0.8

    0.6

    0.4

    0.2

    0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   0.8
   0.6
   0.4
   0.2
   0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.8 
1.0 
1.2 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

15 000
10 000
5 000
 0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  
0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

43

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Greece

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.4

 0.2

 0.2

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 2.3

–5.4

–0.9

–0.7

–14.0

Q/Q-4 %

 2.8

 0.3

 5.6

–0.9

–11.3

Q/Q-4 %

 0.1

–8.4

–2.0

Q/Q-4 %

–5.2

 2.2

 0.3

 2.5

 0.8

 1.2

–0.5

–15.2

–0.7

–11.6

 14.0

–6.4

–10.3

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–1049.4 –1103.3 –1012.8

–879.3

–984.4

–971.7

–611.8

–646.8

–556.9

–582.9

m euro

–908.3

–984.2

–887.5

–794.2

–858.5

–887.7

–539.7

–614.0

–501.7

–517.2

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–322.0

 4091.0 –2594.0 –3522.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.5

 0.2

 1.2

–1.3

–0.1

–0.3

–2.0

–4.0

–0.7

 0.5

 3.4

 1.9

 0.4

 1.1

 0.4

 4.6

–1.3

 1.1

–0.3

 3.3

–0.4

 0.4

–1.5

 0.5

 1.2

 0.2

–5.3

–5.8

–0.1

–0.9

–2.7

–9.4

–0.2

–0.7

 1.2

–7.6

–0.7

–1.9

 1.5

–4.4

–1.4

–2.1

 0.3

–5.3

–0.6

–2.1

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 16.9

 35.4

 15.9

 16.7

 34.2

 15.7

 16.7

 35.3

 15.7

 16.4

 32.7

 15.6

 16.2

 31.8

 15.3

 15.9

 35.3

 14.9

 14.5

 33.3

 13.6

 15.7

 32.6

 14.8

 17.0

 37.5

 16.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.9

–0.7

 0.9

 0.5

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.1

 4.1

 4.1

 1.5

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.0

–0.1

–0.1

 0.0

–3.2

Q/Q-4 %

 2.4

 2.0

 1.5

 0.7

–3.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.7

 1.9

–

–

 1.6

 5.0

–2.5

–0.9

–

–

–0.7

 7.2

–4.5

–10.0

–

–

–0.9

 3.7

 3.7

–4.0

–

–

–2.8

–1.5

 4.5

–0.5

–

–

 3.0

 6.2

–3.9

–3.2

–

–

–2.2

 2.5

 1.6

 0.2

–

–

–0.4

–2.4

–8.4

–10.5

–

–

–24.3

–24.6

 1.0

–8.3

–

–

 26.5

–5.1

 2.6

–5.1

–

–

 1.0

–7.3

:

:

–

–

:

:

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 0.7

 4.9

 3.5

–6.3

 179.5

 178.1

 176.6

 176.7

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 108.3

 107.8

 108.1

 110.4

 109.5

 113.2

 109.4

 99.3

 88.5

 87.6

 90.8

 90.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 1.50

 1.34

 1.36

 1.42

 1.34

 1.07

 1.97

 2.05

 1.93

 1.32

 1.14

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

44

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Greece

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
   120.0

   110.0

   100.0

   90.0

   80.0

   70.0

   60.0

   50.0

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 8.0
 6.0
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    30.0

    20.0

    10.0

    0.0

10.0 

20.0 

30.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 4.0
 3.0
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
 0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

45

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Spain

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.1

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.8

 0.4

 0.8

 1.1

 0.4

 0.1

–5.2

–18.5

–6.5

–20.8

–1.2

–5.7

–22.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.0

 0.7

 0.5

 1.9

 1.3

 1.4

 1.8

 1.2

–4.1

–22.1

–5.7

–25.2

 0.6

–6.5

–26.8

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–3022.0 –2682.1 –2034.4 –2357.9 –2878.2 –2263.2

–1287.2 –2344.0 –1645.2 –1069.8

m euro

–2871.1 –2384.1 –1855.7 –2110.4 –2571.8 –2009.5

–1105.1 –2307.0 –1858.4 –1097.9

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 10571.0

 8194.0

 7773.0

–940.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 0.4

 0.2

 0.1

 0.7

 0.2

 0.5

M/M-12 %

–3.3

–2.8

 0.0

 0.5

–0.6

–2.4

–0.1

 0.8

–0.4

–1.7

–1.4

 1.1

 1.0

–1.0

–0.1

 0.9

–1.3

–2.2

 0.6

 0.1

–3.0

–4.9

 0.4

–0.7

–3.0

–8.4

 0.1

–0.9

–0.4

–8.8

 0.4

–0.3

 2.1

–5.9

–1.6

–0.7

 1.8

–4.8

 0.0

–0.6

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 14.1

 32.2

 12.8

 14.0

 31.2

 12.7

 13.8

 30.5

 12.6

 13.7

 30.3

 12.5

 13.8

 31.2

 12.5

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.0

 0.4

 0.9

 1.2

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 13.6

 31.5

 12.3

:

:

 14.5

 33.9

 13.1

 15.3

 37.3

 13.9

 15.4

 38.9

 14.0

 15.8

 41.6

 14.2

 15.8

 41.7

 14.2

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

: Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.5

 2.4

 2.9

 3.8

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.1

 0.8

–1.0

–7.5

: Q/Q-4 %

 2.2

 1.7

 2.0

 0.2

–7.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.6

 0.3

–2.4

–9.4

 0.0

 3.6

–0.4

–1.7

 0.3

–1.1

–0.1

 2.6

 0.4

 2.0

–1.5

–3.3

 0.7

 3.1

–0.9

 0.6

–1.2

–6.6

–1.2

 1.3

–0.3

–3.0

–0.7

–0.7

 0.6

 1.7

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

–7.1

 3.0

–5.5

–3.1

 98.6

 97.5

 95.5

 98.8

:

:

–1.8

–1.4

–7.4

 0.5

 2.0

–0.3

–13.5

–22.8

 14.7

–14.4

–34.8

–25.2

–3.3

–24.4

 27.0

 14.5

–14.1

 0.2

–15.6

–32.5

–24.5

–13.6

–14.8

–19.2

–13.5

–29.8

 18.1

–17.9

 16.3

–4.5

 1.2

–3.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 103.8

 100.8

 101.8

 102.7

 101.5

 102.7

 99.3

 73.3

 74.9

 83.1

 90.6

 88.1

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 0.18

 0.20

 0.39

 0.44

 0.42

 0.27

 0.52

 0.82

 0.74

 0.51

 0.37

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

46

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Spain

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
5.0  
10.0  
15.0  
20.0  
25.0  

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

25.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
16.0

15.5

15.0

14.5

14.0

13.5

13.0

12.5

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.2

    1.6

    0.0

1.6 

3.2 

4.8 

6.4 

8.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

 0

2 000

4 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0

0.4  

0.8  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

47

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for France

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1 2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.3

 1.3

 0.2

 0.4

 1.2

–0.2

–5.9

–13.8

 0.3

–5.8

–11.8

 0.2

–10.0

–14.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.8

 1.7

 4.5

 1.6

 1.7

 0.8

–5.7

–18.9

 1.6

–4.9

–16.3

 4.8

 4.0

–7.5

–22.4

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 2550.6

 3179.3  2367.4

 3007.4

 1903.0

 1475.2

 3694.4

 408.9

–1111.4 –302.2

m euro

 3186.5

 3797.7  2900.7

 3535.9

 2462.6

 1804.4

 3972.4

 724.4

–648.6

 385.4

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–3867.0 –4454.0

 6810.0 –17947.0

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.4

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 1.1

 0.1

M/M-12 %

–0.9

–0.1

 0.9

–0.2

–1.3

 0.1

 1.2

 1.4

–0.5

 0.5

 1.6

 0.1

 0.6

–0.5

 1.7

–0.2

 0.1

 0.0

 1.6

–0.7

–1.1

 0.1

 0.8

–1.6

–2.5

 0.0

 0.4

–2.8

–4.4

 0.2

 0.4

 0.0

 0.1

 0.2

 0.7

 0.4

 0.9

 0.4

–3.9

–2.6

–2.6

–0.1

 0.2

:

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 8.4

 19.3

 7.2

 8.3

 19.9

 7.0

 8.2

 20.1

 6.9

 8.2

 20.2

 6.9

 8.0

 19.4

 6.8

 7.7

 18.5

 6.5

 7.5

 18.8

 6.3

 7.8

 6.9

 6.6

 6.9

 22.0

 20.9

 20.3

 19.7

 6.4

 5.5

 5.2

 5.7

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–0.3

 0.7

–0.2

 0.7

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 1.6

 1.9

 1.0

 0.9

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1 2020Q2

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.2

 0.3

–0.2

–2.6

Q/Q-4 %

 1.1

 1.2

 1.2

 0.7

–3.0

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1 2020Q2

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.6

 0.5

 2.6

–1.5

–1.9

 2.6

 0.3

 0.2

–2.5

–1.8

 0.4

 1.6

–0.4

 0.5

 3.2

 1.7

 1.2

 3.5

–2.3

–2.8

–4.2

–6.6

–1.2

 2.6

 0.9

–3.4

 2.0

 0.3

 0.6

 2.6

 1.0

–1.5

–0.3

–3.7

–0.3

 1.4

–17.3

–17.7

–38.3

–40.8

–15.7

–13.5

–20.8

 20.2

 12.9

–35.6

–24.0

–12.1

–43.0

 131.9

 12.0

–64.5

–20.1

–11.6

:

:

:

:

–18.8

–29.7

 38.6

–3.5

 8.3

 3.5

 1.5

 5.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–2.8

–3.8

 1.5

–9.1

 99.2

 100.1

 98.1

 101.2

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 102.2

 102.6

 101.8

 101.4

 103.9

 105.5

 98.6

 67.9

 67.7

 77.5

 82.2

 91.5

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.28

–0.16

–0.02

 0.04

–0.01

–0.18

–0.06

 0.06

–0.03

–0.04

–0.15

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

48

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

France

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 25
 20
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
125

115

105

95

85

75

65

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 
16.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    45.0
    36.0
    27.0
    18.0
    9.0
    0.0
9.0 
18.0 
27.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 2.0
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

10 000

5 000

 0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.1

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.59

    1.42

    1.25

    1.08

    0.91

    0.74

    0.57

    0.40

49

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Croatia

Indicators

Reference period

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

Q/Q–1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

2019Q2
 0.6

2019Q3
 0.6

2019Q4
 0.4

2020Q1
–1.3

2020Q2
–14.9

Q/Q-4 %

2019Q2
 2.4

2019Q3
 2.8

2019Q4
 2.7

2020Q1
 0.3

2020Q2
–15.1

 0.1

 0.0

 1.0

 0.3

 1.6

 2.0

–2.0

–14.0

Q/Q-4 %

 2.9

–0.3

–16.4

Q/Q-4 %

 8.2

 3.2

 5.5

 3.9

 4.8

 0.6

–13.7

 2.0

–14.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 39.1

–68.3

–87.6

–49.1

–32.0

–81.2

 13.3

–12.6

–56.8

–35.1

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–513.9

 4562.5

–591.2 –1455.7

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices – all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M–1 %

–0.2

M/M–12 %

M/M–1 %

 0.6

 0.5

 0.2

 0.6

 0.2

M/M–12 %

–0.2

–0.5

–0.4

–0.1

–0.1

 0.8

 0.2

 0.3

 1.3

 0.0

 1.5

 1.8

 0.5

 1.9

–0.5

 1.2

–0.1

 1.3

 0.0

 0.5

–1.9

–1.2

 0.0

–0.1

–2.4

–4.1

–0.1

–0.7

–0.6

–4.6

 0.5

–0.4

 0.5

–3.1

 0.3

–0.6

 0.7

–2.7

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.4

 16.4

 5.6

 6.4

 16.2

 5.5

 6.4

 16.2

 5.6

 6.4

 16.2

 5.5

 6.3

 16.6

 5.5

 6.2

 16.6

 5.4

 6.8

 16.6

 5.8

 8.1

 24.0

 6.9

 8.9

 24.0

 7.4

 8.8

 24.0

 7.3

 8.6

:

 7.2

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q–1 % (¹)

 0.7

 0.6

 0.9

–1.7

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.1

 4.8

 3.0

 0.3

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

–1.0

 0.2

 0.7

 0.3

–2.0

Q/Q-4 %

 0.4

 0.9

 1.9

 0.4

–1.1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

 2.0

 2.0

 2.2

 7.2

 2.0

 3.3

–1.0

 0.4

 0.5

 7.0

 0.3

 2.6

–0.5

–0.4

 1.0

 7.0

 1.4

 3.9

–2.0

–2.2

 1.2

 8.3

 0.3

 4.0

 1.5

–5.5

 3.1

 8.0

 1.2

 5.1

 0.1

–2.4

 1.2

 11.9

–0.1

 3.3

–1.4

–4.9

–11.6

–0.9

–8.2

–5.1

–7.7

–1.8

–11.0

–12.4

–2.0

–4.8

–20.6

–24.0

 1.8

–2.1

 21.4

–5.8

 7.3

–1.7

 10.9

 8.5

 4.5

–4.9

 5.7

–1.6

:

:

–1.1

–5.0

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (–)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 2.5

 3.3

–2.7

–4.1

 75.9

 74.8

 73.2

 74.3

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 113.5

 112.1

 112.9

 113.3

 113.9

 112.6

 103.3

 72.3

 79.0

 84.8

 83.2

 90.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3–month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Croatian kuna exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 0.47

 0.43

 0.41

 0.39

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

 0.49

 0.47

 0.53

 0.59

 0.61

 0.57

 0.96

 1.24

 0.91

 0.96

 0.97

:

:

average

 7.40

 7.44

 7.44

 7.44

 7.44

 7.45

 7.57

 7.59

 7.57

 7.57

 7.53

 7.51

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

50

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Croatia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 9
 6
 3
 0
3
6
9
12
15
18

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
124
116
108
100
92
84
76
68
60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
5.0

0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    34.5

    23.0

    11.5

    0.0

11.5 

23.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.5

9.0

7.5

6.0

4.5

3.0

1.5

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 4

 3

 2

 1

 0

1

2

3

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
 0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Croatian Kuna/

    7.66

    7.54

    7.42

    7.30

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Croatian kuna-euro exchange rate (Croatian Kuna/€)

51

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Italy

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.3

 0.2

 0.0

 0.1

–0.2

–5.5

–12.8

–0.1

–6.7

–11.3

–0.1

–0.3

–7.5

–14.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.4

 0.5

 0.6

 0.5

 0.6

 1.6

 0.1

 0.2

 1.3

–5.6

–17.7

–6.5

–17.3

–7.7

–21.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 4868.2

 6233.6

 5080.4

 6042.9

 5785.2

 6157.6

 5411.7

 204.7

 4107.6

 4710.6

m euro

 4309.9

 5667.1

 4647.5

 5413.3

 5303.5

 5499.1

 4717.5

 133.9  3736.0  4083.7

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 12832.0  16499.0  19678.0

 6450.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 1.4

 0.2

 0.1

 0.2

 0.2

 0.0

M/M-12 %

–2.4

–4.1

–0.3

 0.2

–0.3

–3.6

 0.2

 0.5

 0.0

–3.1

–1.8

 0.4

–0.3

–3.4

–0.5

 0.2

–0.6

–3.8

 2.2

 0.1

–1.3

–4.9

 0.5

 0.1

–3.5

–6.8

–0.3

–0.3

–0.3

–7.2

 0.0

–0.4

 0.7

–6.1

–0.7

 0.8

 0.4

–5.4

–1.3

–0.5

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 9.7

 28.4

 8.5

 9.5

 27.6

 8.4

 9.5

 9.6

 9.6

 28.0

 28.2

 28.7

 8.4

 8.4

:

 9.4

 28.4

:

 8.5

 27.4

:

 7.3

 8.5

 9.3

 26.0

 28.3

 29.6

:

:

:

 9.7

 31.1

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.7

 0.0

 0.7

 1.2

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 1.9

 1.5

 1.4

 3.0

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.0

–0.2

–0.4

–0.5

–2.5

Q/Q-4 %

 0.5

 0.8

 0.6

 0.0

–3.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.4

–1.9

 0.2

 0.8

 0.1

 1.7

–0.3

–2.2

 0.5

 2.7

 0.0

 0.9

 0.2

–0.4

–3.4

–2.7

–0.5

–0.6

–2.8

–4.1

 1.4

–1.3

 0.1

 0.8

 3.7

–0.2

 7.8

 8.4

 0.6

 0.9

–1.1

–2.3

–2.4

 1.1

 0.3

 3.2

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–0.2

–2.2

 2.4

–10.8

 137.7

 137.0

 134.8

 137.6

:

:

–28.4

–20.5

 41.6

 8.2

–29.4

–43.4

–20.5

–13.7

–36.4

–53.3

 168.0

–35.5

–68.9

–16.8

–22.6

–12.2

 25.1

–21.6

–33.3

–14.7

:

:

 13.7

–5.4

–9.4

–11.9

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 99.7

 99.7

 99.8

 101.5

 101.3

 101.3

 83.7

:

 63.0

 71.2

 77.9

 80.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 0.90

 1.00

 1.27

 1.37

 1.28

 0.96

 1.55

 1.80

 1.76

 1.46

 1.20

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

52

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Italy

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 50
 40
 30
 20
 10
 0
10
20
30
40

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 
16.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    32.0
    24.0
    16.0
    8.0
    0.0
8.0 
16.0 
24.0 
32.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.6

    0.8

    0.0

0.8 

1.6 

2.4 

3.2 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   3.0

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

 0

%
(MIR, GBY)
 2.0

 1.5

 1.0

 0.5

 0.0

0.5 

1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

53

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Cyprus

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.1

 0.9

 0.6

–0.9

 1.2

 0.0

–2.1

–11.6

 1.8

–7.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.2

 3.8

 3.2

 1.8

 3.2

 2.0

 0.8

–11.9

 1.7

–6.7

Reference period

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 33.6

–5.0

–10.1

 13.7

–46.1

Q/Q-4 %

 15.9

 7.8

–35.8

 29.7

–47.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–205.0

–92.9

–95.2

–144.8

–154.0

–341.3

–83.0

 31.4

 27.8

–241.5

m euro

–150.4

–65.3

–67.2

–162.3

–104.2

–317.8

–69.6

 48.8

 40.1

–221.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–286.0

–38.0

–510.0

–928.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.8

–0.5

 0.1

 0.9

–0.4

–0.5

–0.2

 1.0

–0.5

 0.5

–0.4

 0.6

–0.7

–0.8

 0.7

 0.1

 0.9

 0.7

 0.0

 2.5

 0.2

 1.0

 0.1

 2.6

 0.2

 0.1

–1.1

 2.5

–0.1

–1.2

–0.4

 1.8

 0.1

–1.4

–3.2

–3.9

 0.4

–2.2

 0.3

–3.9

–0.2

–2.0

–2.2

–6.7

 0.7

–2.9

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.6

 16.4

 5.8

 6.6

 15.2

 5.8

 6.5

 15.2

 5.8

 6.3

 15.2

 5.5

 6.3

 13.4

 5.7

 6.1

 13.4

 5.5

 6.4

 13.4

 5.8

 7.7

 19.8

 6.9

 8.1

 19.8

 7.1

 7.4

 19.8

 6.3

 6.9

:

 5.8

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.9

 0.7

 0.9

 0.8

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 6.1

 5.3

 5.3

 4.4

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.2

 0.3

 0.2

 0.0

–0.9

Q/Q-4 %

 3.1

 3.0

 3.0

 2.4

–1.1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.7

 5.6

–

–

 0.2

 4.5

–0.1

 4.6

–

–

 0.8

 6.1

–1.6

 2.1

–

–

 1.9

 6.7

–0.2

 3.1

–

–

–0.3

 5.6

 0.2

 2.4

–

–

 0.1

 6.1

 0.6

 4.2

–

–

 2.2

 8.3

–13.9

–29.0

 42.5

 2.9

–10.6

–36.1

–14.3

–12.1

–

–

–2.9

 0.5

–

–

–30.5

–29.5

–

–

 32.6

–4.1

–

–

–1.3

–2.6

:

:

–

–

:

:

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 3.1

 7.3

–5.1

 3.1

 107.0

 97.9

 95.5

 97.7

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 111.7

 109.4

 109.9

 108.5

 112.2

 111.8

 101.4

 74.5

 76.8

 79.7

 81.2

 83.2

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 0.48

 0.51

 0.58

 0.57

 0.61

 0.56

 1.26

 1.87

 1.69

 1.05

 0.95

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

54

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Cyprus

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 50
 40
 30
 20
 10
 0
10
20
30
40

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 20.0

 10.0

 0.0

10.0 

20.0 

30.0 

40.0 

50.0 

Index
(ESI)
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70

Growth rate
(RT)
    40.0
    30.0
    20.0
    10.0
    0.0

10.0 
20.0 
30.0 
40.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.3
    2.0
    1.8
    1.5
    1.3
    1.0
    0.8
    0.5
    0.3
    0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 200

 0

200

400

600

800

1 000

%
(MIR, GBY)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5  

1.0  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.59

    1.42

    1.25

    1.08

    0.91

    0.74

    0.57

    0.40

55

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Latvia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.7

 1.1

 0.9

 0.6

 0.8

 1.4

 0.1

–2.9

–6.5

–0.1

–5.6

–16.9

–1.0

 3.1

–10.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.7

 3.2

 6.0

 1.8

 3.5

 5.2

 1.0

 2.0

–1.5

–8.6

–3.8

–21.0

–1.2

 4.4

–6.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 50.9

 99.5

 58.1

–18.8

 103.9

 95.2

 85.4

 47.2

 35.8

 47.3

m euro

 121.1

 164.0

 136.2

 45.3

 182.1

 169.1

 149.3

 91.0

 100.7

 104.8

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–97.0

–296.0

–28.0

 374.0

 0.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.2

 2.3

–1.3

 1.4

 0.1

 2.2

–0.6

 1.3

–0.3

 2.0

–0.5

 0.6

–0.2

 2.1

–0.3

–0.4

 0.3

 2.2

–0.9

–1.2

 0.2

 2.3

–0.1

–2.5

 0.3

 1.4

 0.2

–1.9

–0.5

–0.1

–0.3

–2.9

–0.3

–0.9

–1.2

–3.5

 0.2

–1.1

 0.0

–5.1

 0.3

 0.1

 0.8

–4.1

–0.4

–0.5

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.0

 9.8

 5.7

 5.8

 10.3

 5.5

 5.9

 10.9

 5.6

 6.5

 11.8

 6.2

 7.0

 13.3

 6.5

 7.0

 13.4

 6.5

 7.2

 14.6

 6.7

 8.2

 16.8

 7.6

 8.7

 17.9

 8.0

 8.9

 18.0

 8.3

 9.0

 17.6

 8.5

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.1

 1.3

 2.1

 0.4

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 7.4

 7.9

 7.7

 4.9

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–1.1

 1.0

 0.3

 0.1

–4.4

Q/Q-4 %

–0.7

–0.3

 0.5

 0.2

–3.2

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.0

 7.2

–

–

–1.2

–0.8

–2.2

 3.2

–

–

 0.3

 0.1

–1.2

 0.0

–

–

 2.7

 1.7

–0.3

–3.2

–

–

–0.4

 2.5

–1.9

–4.2

–

–

 0.0

 1.5

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 2.7

 1.0

–5.8

 0.0

 37.5

 37.1

 36.9

 37.1

:

:

 2.9

 1.0

–

–

 4.1

 5.9

–4.0

–3.5

–

–

–5.2

–0.5

–7.5

–9.2

–

–

–7.5

–8.9

 5.1

–6.1

–

–

 8.0

–0.6

 7.4

–0.3

–

–

 4.9

 4.9

–0.8

 0.1

–

–

–0.9

 3.8

:

:

–

–

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 100.7

 99.2

 100.1

 100.6

 101.5

 101.8

 96.1

 77.7

 78.9

 83.7

 87.6

 91.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.11

 0.00

 0.10

 0.16

 0.11

–0.04

–0.06

 0.30

 0.26

 0.01

–0.17

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca:seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

56

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Latvia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate
(RT)
    10.0
    8.0
    6.0
    4.0
    2.0
    0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.0
    2.3
    1.5
    0.8
    0.0
0.8 
1.5 
2.3 
3.0 
3.8 
4.5 
5.3 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 500
 400
 300
 200
 100
 0
100
200
300
400

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  
0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.47
    1.33
    1.20
    1.07
    0.93
    0.80
    0.67
    0.53
    0.40

57

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Lithuania

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

 1.3

 2.3

 0.8

 0.7

 2.2

 1.1

 0.7

–0.3

–5.5

–0.8

–5.7

–0.5

–1.6

–11.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.9

 3.2

 8.4

 3.8

 3.1

 7.8

 3.9

 3.5

 5.8

 2.4

 1.9

–4.0

–5.1

 2.4

–11.3

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 128.2

 76.5

 83.2

 95.7

 156.7

 132.2

 195.3

 243.5

 160.9

 198.0

m euro

 286.7

 215.3

 227.7

 239.2

 264.1

 266.3

 328.8

 328.3

 268.9

 344.0

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 102.7

 458.6

 1244.9

 772.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.9

 2.0

 0.4

–1.6

 0.1

 1.5

–0.4

–2.8

 0.0

 1.7

 0.3

–1.3

 0.5

 2.7

 0.1

 0.2

 3.0

 0.3

–0.1

–0.1

 0.0

 2.8

–0.9

–1.7

–0.1

 1.7

–5.1

–6.3

 0.2

 0.9

–3.3

–0.5

 0.2

–1.0

–10.0

–11.1

 0.4

 0.9

 1.5

–7.9

–0.3

 0.9

 0.3

–8.5

–0.2

 1.2

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥ 25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.7

 13.1

 6.2

 6.4

 14.0

 5.8

 6.5

 14.5

 5.9

 6.4

 14.9

 5.8

 6.1

 15.3

 5.4

 6.3

 15.6

 5.5

 6.6

 15.9

 5.8

 7.8

 19.4

 7.0

 8.5

 21.2

 7.6

 8.8

 21.8

 7.8

 9.0

 23.1

 8.0

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 3.6

 3.3

 3.5

 1.4

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 4.7

 5.1

 4.9

 11.4

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

–0.4

–1.1

 1.1

 1.6

–2.7

Q/Q-4 %

 1.0

–1.7

 0.5

 1.0

–2.0

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 2.3

 7.7

–

–

 0.7

 4.5

–2.4

–2.1

–

–

–0.1

 3.8

 3.3

 2.4

–

–

 1.0

 4.7

–1.9

–0.5

–

–

 0.0

 4.0

–2.8

–4.9

–

–

 0.9

 5.2

–1.3

–0.5

–

–

 1.4

 7.0

 1.7

–1.4

–

–

–9.9

–5.3

–9.4

–12.2

–

–

–9.0

–17.6

 7.8

–5.6

–

–

 17.0

 0.9

 2.0

–3.3

–

–

 6.0

 5.6

 2.0

–2.2

–

–

 0.8

 6.8

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 3.4

 0.2

–0.5

–5.2

 35.9

 35.7

 36.2

 33.2

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 108.7

 108.3

 108.1

 107.5

 108.7

 110.2

 103.1

 81.9

 85.8

 89.7

 94.0

 94.5

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.17

 0.16

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

58

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Lithuania

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0

    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    5.0

    3.1

    1.1

0.9 

2.8 

4.8 

6.7 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.0
   0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
1 400

1 200

1 000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.36

    1.12

    0.88

    0.64

    0.40

59

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Luxembourg

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 2.1

 1.0

 0.9

 0.4

 0.3

 0.2

 0.4

 0.4

–2.9

–4.8

 5.2

–18.4

:

:

:

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.1

 3.4

Q/Q-4 %

 0.2

 3.0

 2.8

 9.3

 3.0

 1.9

–0.2

–3.2

 7.5

–13.2

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 70.6

 82.8

 62.2

–5.0

 28.0

 47.0

 59.8

–16.3

–0.8

 40.2

m euro

 53.1

 64.1

 60.3

–10.6

 8.7

 34.6

 44.3

–28.6

–14.6

 16.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 201.0

 224.0

 4540.0

 956.0

:

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.0

 1.1

–0.5

 2.0

 0.0

 0.8

–0.5

 1.3

 0.0

 1.0

–0.3

 1.0

 0.1

 1.8

 0.2

 1.0

–0.4

 2.5

 0.7

 0.1

 1.0

 1.8

 0.0

 0.1

–1.2

 0.3

–0.2

–1.0

–0.8

–0.8

 0.0

–1.2

–0.3

–1.6

–0.5

–0.3

 0.9

–0.4

 0.1

 0.1

–0.3

 0.1

–0.1

–0.8

 0.9

–0.2

:

:

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age < 25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.5

 16.7

 4.5

 5.5

 17.6

 4.5

 5.6

 17.9

 4.6

 5.6

 18.8

 4.6

 5.7

 19.3

 4.7

 5.8

 19.0

 4.8

 6.5

 21.3

 5.4

 7.5

 25.6

 5.9

 7.7

 27.1

 6.1

 7.7

 27.7

 6.0

 7.3

 26.0

 5.7

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–0.2

–0.8

 0.8

 0.7

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

 0.8

 0.8

 0.4

:

:

: Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.7

 0.5

 0.6

 0.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Q/Q-4 %

 3.6

 3.7

 3.5

 3.0

:

:

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–1.8

–1.5

–1.0

 0.7

 0.0

 4.4

–2.5

–6.9

 1.6

 1.2

 0.3

 4.3

–1.5

–7.5

–1.9

 1.4

 0.0

 4.4

–3.5

–12.4

 0.5

–0.8

–0.3

 2.8

 4.8

–5.7

 3.9

 12.2

 0.5

 5.0

 0.4

–4.1

 2.4

 4.7

 0.3

 5.6

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 6.4

 0.8

–0.3

–1.9

 20.3

 20.0

 22.1

 22.3

:

:

–19.1

–20.2

–41.2

–13.2

–33.1

 12.9

 7.5

–23.4

–16.2

–27.2

 112.1

–34.5

–50.2

 1.4

–17.6

–21.7

 38.0

–14.4

–34.5

–10.6

:

:

:

:

 0.6

–6.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

–0.3

–4.5

 8.1

–7.5

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 100.0

 100.7

 101.0

 105.9

 97.8

 102.6

 100.4

 76.0

 87.8

 91.4

 98.9

 98.8

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields (**)

%

%

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.50

–0.40

–0.27

–0.23

–0.25

–0.43

–0.36

–0.25

–0.32

–0.34

–0.43

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(**) Due to the fact that the Luxembourg Government does not have outstanding long-term debt securities with a residual maturity of close to ten years, the indicator is 
based on a basket of long-term bonds. This basket has an average residual maturity of close to ten years. The bonds are issued by a private credit institution and the 
indicator is thus not fully harmonised” (source ECB).

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data)

60

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Luxembourg

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 10.0

 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate
(RT)
    50.0
    40.0
    30.0
    20.0
    10.0
    0.0

10.0 
20.0 
30.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

    0.20

    0.00

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.20
    1.18
    1.16
    1.14
    1.12
    1.10
    1.08
    1.06
    1.04
    1.02

61

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Hungary

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.8

 1.3

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.2

 0.9

 1.2

 1.8

 0.7

 1.4

–0.4

–14.5

 1.0

–11.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 5.2

 5.0

 4.7

 5.0

–1.1

–0.9

–13.8

Q/Q-4 %

 17.0

 13.4

 4.4

 5.3

 7.4

 2.0

–13.5

 4.9

–8.0

–0.5

–14.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–583.2

–413.6

–457.6

–570.6

–465.2

–401.7

–424.0

–567.3

–785.7

–796.1

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 141.5

–584.1

–776.3

–43.6

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.0

 2.9

 0.7

 2.4

 0.6

 3.0

 0.1

 1.7

 0.1

 3.4

 0.5

 2.6

 0.3

 4.1

 0.2

 3.4

 0.9

 4.7

 0.9

 3.8

 0.3

 4.4

–0.6

 3.3

 0.2

 3.9

–1.3

 1.6

–0.5

 2.5

–1.6

–0.9

 0.4

 2.2

–1.2

–2.8

 0.4

 2.9

 0.9

 1.2

 3.9

 0.8

–1.3

–0.3

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age < 25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.5

 12.3

 2.9

 3.6

 12.8

 2.9

 3.4

 12.3

 2.7

 3.4

 10.9

 2.8

 3.4

 10.7

 2.9

 3.6

 11.3

 3.0

 3.7

 11.9

 3.1

 4.1

 13.5

 3.5

 4.8

 15.9

 4.0

 4.9

 15.2

 4.2

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.0

 1.5

 2.4

 2.2

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 10.1

 8.9

 9.9

 8.3

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.0

 0.1

–0.3

–5.3

Q/Q-4 %

 2.0

 1.3

 1.0

–0.2

–5.6

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

 3.1

 9.2

 2.6

–0.4

 6.5

 3.5

M/M-12 % (³)

 14.4

 18.5

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.6

 6.1

 0.6

 6.2

–1.0

 5.5

–5.2

 4.4

 0.8

 7.2

–3.6

–3.4

–1.5

 2.9

 0.2

 6.2

 5.1

 3.1

 0.3

–5.1

 0.9

 7.6

 0.3

 2.1

 8.5

 6.1

 1.3

 11.2

–11.1

–30.6

 16.1

 17.3

–10.0

–36.8

–27.8

–12.2

–6.9

–1.9

–1.1

 3.5

 0.5

–1.4

–13.7

–10.2

–20.5

–18.5

 6.1

–2.0

 6.1

–15.7

 3.7

–0.1

 7.1

–7.7

:

:

 2.5

 0.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 0.3

–3.0

–5.9

–1.7

 68.2

 68.1

 66.3

 66.6

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 104.4

 105.5

 109.3

 105.5

 104.2

 104.9

 102.8

 75.4

 76.6

 82.4

 84.4

 85.1

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Hungarian forint exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 0.19

 0.20

 0.17

 0.15

 0.18

 0.44

 0.49

 1.09

 0.93

 0.89

 0.69

 2.02

 1.94

 1.95

 1.88

 2.08

 2.15

 2.43

 2.49

 1.99

 2.18

 2.23

:

:

average

 332.45

 331.46

 333.62

 330.71

 334.38

 337.17

 345.68  356.69

 350.76

 347.69

 351.16

348.93

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

62

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Hungary

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 20

 10

 0

10

20

30

40

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)

116
109
102
95
88
81
74
67
60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 
16.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 
12.0 
15.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.0
    2.0
    1.0
    0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Forint-euro exchange rate (Forint/€)

Forint/

    360.00

    350.00

    340.00

    330.00

    320.00

    310.00

63

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Malta

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 4.9

 5.3

–2.0

 0.5

–2.6

–11.6

Q/Q-4 %

 5.8

–2.4

–2.0

–3.9

–11.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 7.5

 5.1

 3.5

 3.6

 1.9

 4.3

 2.7

 0.7

–15.2

–3.1

–18.4

 2.2

–14.5

–11.0

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–11.6

–1.0

 9.6

–10.8

–8.0

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

–61.1

–174.7

–78.4

–35.5

–201.0

–24.5

–83.0

–12.6

–123.2

–62.7

m euro

–56.5

–179.7

–76.0

–21.3

–190.3

–23.8

–80.3

–13.0

–126.8

–62.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 394.4

 437.0

 345.3

 200.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.1

 1.6

–0.1

 0.9

–1.4

 1.4

 0.0

 1.0

–3.0

 1.3

–0.1

 0.8

–0.2

 1.3

 0.0

 0.9

–1.4

 1.4

 1.0

 1.3

 0.6

 1.1

 0.3

 1.6

 1.0

 1.2

 0.3

 1.4

 2.9

 1.1

 0.2

 1.4

 1.2

 0.9

 0.0

 1.5

 1.4

 1.0

 0.0

 1.5

 0.0

 0.7

 0.0

 1.7

 0.7

 0.6

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.7

 9.3

 2.9

 3.6

 9.2

 2.9

 3.6

 9.7

 2.9

 3.6

 9.8

 2.8

 3.7

 11.0

 2.8

 3.5

 10.8

 2.6

 3.9

 10.7

 3.1

 4.4

 9.8

 3.8

 4.5

 10.8

 3.7

 4.3

 9.5

 3.6

 4.1

 9.1

 3.6

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–0.3

 1.5

–0.2

 0.5

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 0.1

 2.9

 0.1

 1.7

:

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 2.0

 1.2

 1.4

 1.1

 0.6

Q/Q-4 %

 5.8

 5.0

 5.9

 6.5

 4.2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–3.4

 4.1

–

–

 1.0

 7.6

–0.2

 1.4

–

–

–0.3

 4.8

 0.4

–3.1

–

–

 0.1

 4.2

 3.0

 9.2

–

–

 0.8

 5.1

 2.4

 12.2

–

–

–0.3

 4.5

–0.5

 13.8

–

–

 1.0

 7.9

–6.7

 6.6

–

–

–1.9

–1.9

–6.1

–6.3

–

–

–22.7

–23.5

–0.6

–8.1

–

–

 9.7

–13.1

 3.4

–3.2

–

–

 5.8

–8.4

:

:

–

–

 3.2

–8.1

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 1.5

 1.4

 0.5

–10.5

 45.5

 43.2

 42.9

 44.4

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.7

 104.0

 104.0

 91.0

 99.9

 93.9

 87.5

 52.1

 56.6

 56.5

 63.4

 75.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 0.19

 0.26

 0.37

 0.40

 0.38

 0.26

 0.40

 0.57

 0.70

 0.76

 0.64

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

64

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Malta

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 15.0

 10.0

 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   4.0
   3.0
   2.0
   1.0
   0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 500
 400
 300
 200
 100
 0
100
200
300

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0

0.4  

0.8  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

65

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Netherlands

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.6

 1.1

 0.3

 0.2

–0.4

 0.5

 0.7

 1.3

–1.5

–8.5

–2.6

–10.4

 0.6

–12.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 1.4

 4.4

 1.6

 1.4

 6.0

 1.7

 1.9

 4.0

–0.4

–9.2

–1.1

–11.9

 2.7

–11.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–7362.9 –7179.9 –8221.4 –6959.2 –7888.9 –5393.2

–6180.3 –6688.6 –6709.9 –7109.4

m euro

–9432.7 –9243.5 –10333.0 –9336.4 –9972.5

–7611.4

–8491.6 –8585.9 –8611.4 –9221.1

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 13585.0  21279.0  23184.0  23106.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.1

 2.7

 0.1

–1.0

 0.6

 2.8

 0.9

–0.8

–0.8

 2.6

 0.5

 0.9

 0.2

 2.8

 0.8

 3.4

–1.3

 1.7

 0.3

 1.5

 0.9

 1.3

–0.9

 0.7

 0.3

 1.1

–2.8

–2.2

 1.0

 1.0

–2.6

–5.3

–0.2

 1.1

–0.9

–6.4

 0.5

 1.7

 1.1

 0.9

 1.6

 0.3

–4.2

–3.6

–0.7

 0.3

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.5

 7.2

 2.8

 3.5

 7.3

 2.7

 3.5

 7.3

 2.7

 3.2

 6.7

 2.6

 3.0

 6.4

 2.4

 2.9

 6.3

 2.3

 2.9

 6.3

 2.3

 3.4

 8.4

 2.5

 3.6

 9.5

 2.5

 4.3

 10.7

 3.2

 4.5

 11.0

 3.3

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.3

 1.2

 0.9

 2.6

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.4

 2.8

 3.1

 5.1

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.2

 0.4

 0.1

–3.1

Q/Q-4 %

 2.1

 1.2

 1.9

 1.0

–2.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.2

 1.3

 1.0

 6.2

 1.3

 2.6

–0.3

 0.5

–1.0

 1.9

–0.3

 1.7

–1.1

–1.7

–0.2

 0.8

 0.6

 0.9

–1.6

–1.5

–0.3

–0.6

 0.7

 3.8

 2.7

–1.1

 2.0

 7.7

–1.0

 1.9

–1.0

–0.4

–2.5

–2.4

 1.5

 3.0

–1.0

–1.9

 1.6

 3.5

–1.4

 0.1

–7.0

–8.3

–1.2

–0.9

–5.8

–5.3

–0.3

–8.9

–1.2

–5.5

 9.6

 4.3

 0.1

–8.6

 1.6

 0.8

 1.6

 6.3

:

:

:

:

–0.1

 6.0

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 0.3

–0.2

 1.4

 4.4

 51.0

 49.3

 48.7

 49.5

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.7

 101.9

 100.9

 100.5

 100.2

 102.2

 98.2

 65.6

 69.1

 77.4

 82.7

 89.8

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.43

–0.31

–0.19

–0.14

–0.17

–0.34

–0.33

–0.22

–0.31

–0.29

–0.39

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

66

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Netherlands

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 4

 2

 0

2

4

6

8

10

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    12.0
    10.0
    8.0
    6.0
    4.0
    2.0
    0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
 0
5 000
10 000
15 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.36

    1.12

    0.88

    0.64

    0.40

67

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Austria

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.3

 1.1

–0.2

–0.2

–2.4

–10.4

 0.2

–2.4

 0.2

 0.6

–3.9

–11.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.9

 1.1

 1.4

 1.6

 2.4

 0.4

 1.3

 0.2

–2.8

–12.9

–3.2

–14.5

–2.1

–10.5

–1.4

–7.6

Q/Q-4 %

 3.5

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

 1113.1

 1701.7

 1400.5

 1519.2

 1383.3

 1585.5

 1063.8

 456.6

 935.0

 1284.7

m euro

 873.7

 1423.8

 1197.9

 1318.9

 1160.0

 1399.7

 632.8

 249.0

 744.5

 847.7

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–819.0

 1390.0

 4941.0

 5093.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.0

 1.2

 0.0

–1.5

 0.3

 1.0

 0.0

–2.1

 0.2

 1.2

 0.3

–1.5

 0.7

 1.8

 0.0

–0.7

 2.2

 0.3

–0.5

–0.5

 0.0

 2.2

–0.8

–1.3

 0.5

 1.6

–1.0

–2.0

 0.2

 1.5

–1.0

–3.0

–0.9

 0.6

–0.7

–3.5

 0.4

 1.1

 0.3

–2.8

–0.1

 1.8

 0.2

–2.7

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.5

 8.8

 3.9

 4.3

 8.6

 3.8

 4.2

 8.9

 3.7

 4.2

 9.2

 3.6

 4.4

 9.8

 3.7

 4.4

 10.4

 3.7

 4.6

 10.9

 3.8

 4.7

 11.8

 3.9

 5.5

 12.0

 4.7

 5.4

 10.9

 4.7

 5.2

 10.3

 4.6

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.9

–0.3

 0.7

 5.0

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.6

 1.9

 2.3

 8.6

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.1

 0.3

–0.3

–4.1

Q/Q-4 %

 1.2

 1.0

 0.9

 0.3

–4.0

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.4

 0.1

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.5

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 2.2

 0.3

 2.1

–1.1

–3.1

 2.5

 4.0

 0.1

 0.8

–1.9

–4.6

 0.0

 6.6

 0.7

 2.0

 0.2

–5.0

–1.5

 1.7

–0.4

 0.7

 5.0

–0.5

 4.0

 11.3

–0.2

 1.5

–3.2

–5.5

–0.1

 9.0

 1.7

 2.4

–6.6

–16.2

–10.9

–9.9

–5.8

–13.6

–10.5

–23.1

–12.9

–18.6

–4.8

–16.9

 7.6

–17.1

 11.3

–8.7

 24.9

 6.5

 6.0

–11.9

 3.1

–6.8

–1.8

 2.5

:

:

:

:

 1.8

 3.9

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 2.3

 1.7

 0.3

–2.7

 71.7

 71.0

 70.3

 72.8

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 103.2

 100.7

 98.8

 99.7

 101.8

 103.2

 95.0

 61.9

 68.8

 77.1

 82.3

 87.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.30

–0.20

–0.09

–0.04

–0.09

–0.26

–0.09

 0.05

–0.10

–0.13

–0.25

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

68

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Austria

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

20

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
2.0
0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    28.0

    21.0

    14.0

    7.0

    0.0

7.0 

14.0 

21.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    6.0

    4.0

    2.0

    0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

69

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Poland

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 1.1

 0.6

 1.2

 0.9

–0.1

 0.2

 0.9

 1.2

–0.4

–8.9

–2.1

–10.8

–0.7

–11.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 4.2

 4.0

 9.6

 4.1

 3.9

 4.5

 3.5

 3.5

 5.6

 1.7

–7.9

 0.8

–11.0

 1.1

–11.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–1283.6 –1463.1 –1445.1 –1063.9 –1334.0

–838.7

–836.2 –1313.5

–913.0

–146.2

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–377.1

–783.6

 1924.4

 4489.7

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 2.4

 0.3

 0.8

 0.3

 2.3

–0.4

 0.1

 0.1

 2.4

 0.0

 0.5

 0.6

 3.0

 0.0

 1.6

 0.7

 3.8

 0.5

 1.7

 0.6

 4.1

–0.6

 0.6

 0.2

 3.9

–0.8

–0.5

 0.0

 2.9

–1.1

–2.3

 0.8

 3.4

 0.0

–2.5

 0.6

 3.8

 0.8

–1.1

–0.1

 3.7

 0.2

–1.0

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.1

 9.0

 2.6

 3.0

 8.4

 2.5

 2.9

 8.0

 2.5

 2.9

 7.8

 2.5

 3.0

 8.8

 2.5

 3.0

 9.5

 2.5

 3.0

 9.6

 2.5

 3.1

 10.0

 2.7

 3.3

 10.1

 2.8

 3.3

 10.0

 2.9

 3.2

 9.5

 2.8

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.6

 1.4

 1.2

 3.1

:

: Q/Q-4 % (³)

 7.2

 6.7

 5.9

 9.0

:

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.8

–0.2

–0.4

 0.8

–1.2

: Q/Q-4 %

–0.4

–0.1

 0.5

 1.1

–1.2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.3

 3.1

 0.5

 5.3

–0.4

 3.8

 1.2

 3.6

–5.5

–4.1

 1.2

 4.5

 1.5

 5.6

 3.1

–1.1

 2.4

 5.9

–3.0

 1.3

–3.0

–5.4

–2.0

 4.1

 3.0

 3.4

 8.9

 8.6

 3.3

 8.3

 1.1

 3.4

 3.1

 7.2

 0.6

 7.0

–7.4

–4.9

–4.0

 1.5

–7.1

–21.1

–25.1

–2.7

–0.8

–8.9

–0.4

–11.8

 13.0

–15.3

–3.2

–3.0

 10.8

 0.9

 10.1

–4.4

–3.4

–6.4

 4.4

 2.7

 6.3

 0.9

–3.5

–11.0

 1.7

 4.3

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–0.5

 0.0

–4.5

–2.7

 47.9

 47.3

 46.0

 47.9

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 105.0

 103.3

 103.9

 102.5

 100.6

 99.2

 95.3

 47.2

 46.9

 57.6

 68.2

 75.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

New Polish Zloty exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 1.72

 1.72

 1.71

 1.70

 1.71

 1.71

 1.45

 0.83

 0.66

 0.27

 0.25

 2.02

 1.96

 2.05

 2.03

 2.23

 2.07

 1.80

 1.46

 1.35

 1.31

 1.33

:

:

average

 4.35

 4.30

 4.29

 4.27

 4.25

 4.28

 4.44

 4.54

 4.53

 4.45

 4.45

 4.40

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

70

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Poland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

2 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Polish Zloty/

    4.60

    4.50

    4.40

    4.30

    4.20

    4.10

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Polish Zloty-euro exchange rate (Polish Zloty/€)

71

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Portugal

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.1

 0.3

 1.6

 0.7

 0.1

–3.8

–13.9

–2.8

–13.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.1

 1.9

 7.4

 1.9

 2.6

 5.7

 2.2

 1.9

 2.8

–2.3

–16.3

–1.0

–14.5

–0.6

–9.0

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.4

–0.8

–0.8

 1.5

–8.9

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

–428.9

–256.3

–414.8

–236.5

–568.2

–534.2

–345.2

–275.6

–88.8

 20.5

m euro

–344.7

–207.9

–389.9

–181.9

–475.7

–459.0

–299.9

–245.0

–66.8

 48.1

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–1601.0

 2315.0

–189.0

–1119.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.4

–0.3

–0.3

–2.4

–0.4

–0.1

 0.3

–2.4

–0.7

 0.2

–0.9

–2.3

–0.3

 0.4

–0.9

–2.1

–0.8

 0.8

 1.9

–1.2

–0.6

 0.5

–1.4

–2.1

 1.6

 0.1

–1.1

–3.0

 0.8

–0.1

–2.3

–5.7

–0.2

–0.6

–0.7

–6.4

 1.2

 0.2

 1.1

–4.6

–2.0

–0.1

 1.0

–3.7

–0.2

–0.2

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.5

 18.8

 5.6

 6.5

 17.7

 5.6

 6.7

 18.6

 5.7

 6.7

 18.7

 5.8

 6.8

 19.5

 5.8

 6.4

 18.9

 5.5

 6.2

 6.3

 18.3

 20.6

 5.3

 5.3

 5.9

 21.4

 4.8

 7.3

 27.4

 6.0

 8.1

 26.3

 6.8

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.1

 1.5

 0.2

 0.7

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 0.0

 4.4

 0.7

 6.5

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.3

 0.3

 0.0

–0.5

–3.4

Q/Q-4 %

 0.7

 0.7

 0.2

–0.5

–3.6

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–2.6

–5.1

–1.0

 1.7

–2.7

 3.3

 3.5

–2.0

 0.2

 1.9

 2.8

 3.5

–1.1

 0.1

–0.2

 1.9

 1.5

 4.7

 3.2

 3.8

–0.6

 0.8

–1.3

 2.7

 0.6

 2.7

–0.9

–0.4

 2.3

 4.4

–2.8

 1.2

 1.8

 1.0

 3.7

 9.6

–8.5

–7.6

–4.5

–4.3

–12.6

–5.2

–21.0

–29.5

–7.0

–13.2

–17.4

–21.5

 2.9

 11.1

–27.2

–14.7

 3.6

–7.8

 14.8

–11.5

 3.1

–4.4

 5.3

–5.5

 11.9

–9.6

:

:

 3.9

–3.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–2.0

 4.5

–1.9

–1.1

 120.7

 120.2

 117.7

 120.0

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 107.0

 107.1

 108.2

 105.3

 106.9

 105.7

 98.4

 66.9

 63.0

 74.1

 84.6

 85.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

 0.20

 0.19

 0.35

 0.41

 0.37

 0.25

 0.71

 0.97

 0.81

 0.53

 0.40

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

72

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Portugal

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 
16.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0
    16.0
    12.0
    8.0
    4.0
    0.0
4.0 
8.0 
12.0 
16.0 
20.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.5
   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
 500
 0
500
1 000
1 500

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2  
0.4  
0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

73

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Romania

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.4

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 11.1

 0.5

 1.3

 5.3

 1.2

 4.0

 0.3

–12.3

–1.7

–16.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 4.3

 5.3

 3.3

 4.3

 3.9

 7.0

 2.7

–10.5

 3.9

–13.1

–4.5

 1.5

–0.1

Q/Q-4 %

 20.6

 25.2

 15.8

 13.3

 2.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–304.4

–505.1

–375.8

–447.5

–565.1

–484.0

–235.8

–463.8

–461.9

–509.8

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–3255.7 –3560.5 –2249.2 –1014.1

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 3.5

 0.0

 4.2

 0.4

 3.2

 0.4

 2.9

 0.2

 3.8

 0.4

 3.6

 0.4

 4.0

 0.5

 4.4

 0.7

 3.9

 1.6

 5.1

 0.0

 2.9

–1.1

 3.1

 0.4

 2.7

–1.1

 1.0

 0.3

 2.3

–1.6

–1.1

 0.0

 1.8

–0.6

–1.7

 0.0

 2.2

 0.8

–0.4

 0.2

 2.5

 0.3

–1.0

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.1

 17.5

 3.1

 3.9

 17.7

 2.9

 4.0

 17.7

 3.0

 4.0

 17.7

 3.0

 3.7

 17.4

 2.8

 4.3

 17.4

 3.0

 4.6

 17.4

 3.7

 5.0

:

 4.2

 5.1

:

 4.3

 5.3

:

 4.5

 5.4

:

 4.3

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.3

 1.8

 1.8

 2.4

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 12.4

 13.2

 12.0

 8.4

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.4

–1.3

 0.5

–0.4

–1.9

Q/Q-4 %

–0.2

–1.0

 0.8

 0.4

–3.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

 0.5

–4.1

–2.9

M/M-12 % (³)

 30.8

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.9

 7.1

–1.9

–3.5

–1.8

 27.6

 0.9

 6.8

–0.1

–7.4

 1.7

 27.1

 1.0

 6.6

–0.2

–8.9

–1.8

 23.1

 0.8

 8.5

 2.5

–2.3

 22.4

 49.8

 3.7

 11.1

 1.4

–0.9

–3.7

 26.8

–0.9

 11.3

–12.4

–13.6

 4.2

 31.6

–3.4

 3.3

–27.9

 15.6

 16.3

–39.0

–27.4

–13.6

–1.8

 11.5

–21.9

–19.4

–4.2

 13.4

 17.2

–4.2

–4.8

 6.9

 6.1

 2.1

:

:

:

:

 3.9

 4.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–3.2

–4.4

–4.2

–9.5

 33.8

 35.2

 35.2

 37.4

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 102.9

 102.4

 104.2

 105.2

 105.4

 104.1

 99.6

 65.3

 68.5

 77.2

 82.4

 86.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

New Romanian leu exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 2.90

 2.89

 2.82

 2.96

 3.01

 2.92

 2.70

 2.36

 2.30

 2.05

 2.01

 4.12

 4.12

 4.32

 4.57

 4.28

 4.04

 4.56

 4.83

 4.54

 3.89

 3.94

:

:

average

 4.74

 4.75

 4.77

 4.78

 4.78

 4.78

 4.83

 4.84

 4.84

 4.84

 4.84

 4.84

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

74

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Romania

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 20
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 10.0

 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    23.0

    11.5

    0.0

11.5 

23.0 

34.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    6.8
    6.0
    5.1
    4.3
    3.5
    2.7
    1.8
    1.0
    0.2
0.7 
1.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Romanian Leu/

    4.86

    4.83

    4.80

    4.78

    4.75

    4.73

    4.70

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Romanian leu-euro exchange rate (Romanian Leu/€)

75

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Slovenia

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.0

 1.0

 0.8

 0.2

 0.4

 0.0

–4.8

–9.6

–6.8

–10.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.3

 3.6

 6.5

 2.1

 3.2

 2.1

 1.7

 1.4

–3.7

–12.9

–5.8

–16.6

–4.2

–5.5

–16.7

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–2.0

–1.6

–3.9

 2.0

–13.6

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

 32.6

–56.0

 46.2

–225.1

 197.2

 114.9

 167.6

 269.0

 207.1

 34.1

m euro

–270.2

–369.8

–261.8

–539.8

–110.0

–162.6

–150.4

 21.4

–14.0

–212.1

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 848.6

 787.3

 848.2

 872.8

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.1

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.7

 0.0

 2.1

 0.1

 1.5

–0.4

 1.9

 0.0

 1.4

 0.1

 2.0

–0.1

–0.5

 2.0

 0.1

 2.1

 2.3

 0.1

 2.0

 0.4

 2.0

 0.3

 1.5

–0.6

 0.7

–0.8

 0.4

–1.3

–1.3

 0.3

 0.4

 0.7

–1.4

–0.3

–0.2

 0.9

–0.8

 0.9

 0.7

–0.2

–0.3

–0.3

 0.3

 0.0

–0.7

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.7

 8.2

 4.5

 4.4

 8.3

 4.1

 4.1

 8.3

 3.8

 3.8

 8.3

 3.5

 4.2

 10.3

 3.8

 4.2

 10.3

 3.7

 4.3

 10.3

 3.8

 4.7

 11.2

 4.3

 4.8

 11.2

 4.3

 4.8

 11.2

 4.3

 4.7

:

 4.2

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–0.1

 0.3

 2.9

 2.0

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 5.0

 3.3

 6.7

 5.7

:

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.3

 0.2

 0.0

–2.4

Q/Q-4 %

 2.6

 2.3

 1.8

 1.0

–2.0

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.3

 2.0

–0.3

–7.2

–0.5

 1.7

 1.4

 2.5

 4.7

–3.2

 0.6

–5.4

–1.0

 1.4

–1.6

–8.7

 0.2

–3.3

–1.4

 0.7

–1.8

 2.9

–2.2

–5.8

 0.7

–2.9

 9.8

 7.0

 1.8

–1.0

 3.7

 3.6

 7.9

 6.5

–1.3

–4.6

–10.5

–16.5

 9.5

 4.3

–8.3

–24.2

–16.2

–12.0

–10.6

–2.1

–12.9

–7.6

–6.9

–8.0

–14.6

–22.7

–2.6

–7.1

–13.3

–15.3

 16.3

–8.9

 3.4

–4.5

:

:

:

:

 1.1

–4.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 0.8

 0.9

 1.2

–6.6

 67.7

 68.1

 66.1

 69.6

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 104.6

 101.3

 99.7

 100.1

 100.9

 104.2

 94.0

 66.2

 74.5

 79.6

 86.0

 92.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.16

–0.09

–0.01

 0.02

 0.09

 0.04

 0.02

 0.27

 0.74

 0.42

 0.09

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

76

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Slovenia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15

 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

20

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 
16.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    18.0
    15.0
    12.0
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 
12.0 
15.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

1 000
 800
 600
 400
 200
 0
200
400
600
800

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2  
0.4  
0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.20
    1.18
    1.16
    1.14
    1.12
    1.10
    1.08
    1.06
    1.04
    1.02

77

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Slovakia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (²)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.7

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

–1.2

 0.4

 0.2

 1.5

 0.6

 0.5

 3.1

–5.2

–8.3

 0.2

–5.0

–7.2

–12.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.5

 2.7

 4.8

 1.9

 1.8

 11.2

 2.0

–3.8

–12.2

 1.7

 7.7

 1.6

–4.2

–4.1

–14.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–434.8

–361.3

–458.0

–387.9

–445.2

–403.7

–225.1

–437.9

–148.8

 68.5

m euro

–151.7

–54.0

–124.6

–104.5

–28.0

–46.6

–117.7

–289.8

–1.8

 253.0

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–664.6 –1246.6

–585.3

–859.1

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 3.0

–0.2

 1.3

–0.1

 2.9

–0.1

 0.0

 0.2

 3.2

 0.1

 1.2

–0.1

 3.2

–0.1

 1.9

 1.3

 3.2

 1.0

 2.6

 0.1

 3.1

 2.2

 2.9

 0.0

 2.4

–0.4

 2.2

–0.1

 2.1

–1.0

 1.2

 0.3

 2.1

–1.7

–0.7

–0.1

 1.8

 0.1

–0.2

 0.1

 1.8

 0.5

 0.3

–0.1

 1.5

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.7

 16.9

 5.0

 5.7

 17.0

 4.9

 5.6

 16.5

 4.9

 5.6

 15.9

 4.9

 6.1

 16.9

 5.4

 6.1

 16.6

 5.4

 5.8

 15.7

 5.2

 6.4

 17.8

 5.7

 6.5

 17.8

 5.8

 6.6

 18.1

 5.8

 6.8

 19.8

 5.9

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 3.3

–0.1

 2.0

 4.2

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 10.8

 7.6

 7.9

 9.8

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

–0.1

–0.4

–0.8

–1.1

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 1.0

 0.7

–0.5

–2.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.7

M/M-12 % (³)

–2.2

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

 2.8

 2.0

 0.4

M/M-12 % (³)

–2.7

 0.1

–3.8

–2.0

–2.4

 0.7

–3.3

 0.6

–3.9

–4.2

–10.7

–0.1

–4.0

–1.6

–7.0

 1.0

–5.8

–0.6

–2.5

 5.0

 0.5

 2.7

 8.1

 1.9

–1.0

–0.5

–1.7

–0.7

 7.3

 1.3

 3.9

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–0.3

–0.9

–3.4

–3.1

 48.7

 48.5

 48.0

 49.3

:

:

 21.7

–8.6

–4.9

–20.3

–27.6

 21.4

–19.7

–42.0

–33.3

–0.1

–2.4

–6.2

–3.6

–10.4

–15.0

–9.5

–14.3

–1.4

–11.1

–17.8

 4.5

–9.0

 9.4

–1.5

:

:

:

:

 2.0

 1.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 99.4

 94.3

 100.5

 96.2

 98.9

 97.2

 96.7

 55.1

 59.0

 71.6

 83.3

 88.2

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.34

–0.20

 0.09

 0.13

 0.13

 0.00

 0.04

 0.69

 0.56

 0.04

–0.16

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

78

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Slovakia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 30

 20

 10

 0

10

20

30

40

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    12.0
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 
12.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    5.0

    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.5
   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 400
 200
 0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.20
    1.18
    1.16
    1.14
    1.12
    1.10
    1.08
    1.06
    1.04
    1.02

79

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Finland

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.8

 1.8

 0.3

 0.3

–0.3

–1.9

–4.5

–1.4

–1.5

–6.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 0.5

 0.2

 1.6

 2.1

 0.9

 0.6

–1.2

–6.3

–0.9

–9.4

–2.1

–3.4

–1.7

–2.0

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.3

–2.2

 0.5

 0.3

–0.6

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

m euro

 292.1

 339.5

 235.1

 98.4

 128.8

 6.1

 262.0

 544.3

 271.2

 136.1

m euro

 817.9

 822.2

 790.9

 567.0

 591.0

 603.9

 755.3

 857.5

 661.9

 657.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–3837.0

 817.0

 1856.0 –1624.0

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 0.0

 1.0

 0.2

M/M-12 %

–0.1

 0.1

 0.9

–0.1

–0.5

–0.1

 0.8

–0.2

–1.0

 0.2

 1.1

–0.7

–1.3

–0.4

 1.2

–1.0

–2.2

 0.5

 1.1

–1.2

–3.6

–0.2

 0.9

–2.2

–5.5

–0.4

–0.3

–1.4

–6.7

–0.1

–0.1

–0.2

–6.8

 0.2

 0.1

 2.2

–3.4

 0.3

 0.7

–0.4

–5.2

 0.0

 0.3

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.9

 18.4

 5.4

 6.9

 18.4

 5.3

 6.8

 18.4

 5.3

 6.8

 18.5

 5.3

 6.8

 18.7

 5.2

 6.9

 19.1

 5.3

 7.0

 19.4

 5.4

 7.2

 19.8

 5.6

 7.4

 7.6

 7.8

 20.2

 20.5

 20.6

 5.8

 6.0

 6.1

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.1

–0.5

 1.1

 0.0

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 1.4

 0.4

 1.6

 0.7

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.3

–0.8

 0.3

–0.2

–2.1

Q/Q-4 %

 1.7

 1.6

 1.3

 0.9

–3.2

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.8

–0.7

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.3

 0.2

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.2

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.0

 4.3

 1.7

 0.3

 0.0

–0.7

 3.6

 0.0

 1.9

 0.2

–0.6

–0.2

 1.5

–0.4

 0.2

–0.4

–5.2

–0.6

 0.2

–1.8

–2.9

 1.8

 4.3

 1.0

 2.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 0.4

–1.3

 0.6

 5.3

 1.5

 3.8

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 2.8

–3.8

–1.8

–1.5

 61.5

 60.1

 59.2

 64.2

:

:

 2.1

 3.0

 0.4

 4.5

–1.3

 1.0

–2.6

–3.9

–0.5

 3.0

–0.1

 0.0

–1.9

–4.7

–0.5

 3.3

 3.9

 7.1

–0.8

–6.9

–0.9

 1.2

 1.1

 7.1

:

:

:

:

–2.0

 4.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 98.2

 94.4

 96.4

 96.0

 94.6

 93.4

 90.4

 68.7

 72.6

 76.4

 86.1

 83.8

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.44

–0.48

–0.30

–0.21

–0.08

–0.04

–0.07

–0.24

–0.12

 0.03

–0.12

–0.18

–0.21

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

80

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Finland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 3
 2
 1
 0
1
2
3
4
5

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 
8.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    5.0
    4.0
    3.0
    2.0
    1.0
    0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.4
    1.2
    1.0
    0.7
    0.5
    0.2
0.0 
0.3 
0.5 
0.8 
1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.5
   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

2 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.1

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.48
    1.36
    1.24
    1.12
    1.00
    0.88
    0.76
    0.64
    0.52
    0.40

81

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Sweden

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.8

 1.0

 0.3

 0.5

 0.2

 0.1

 1.0

 0.2

–8.3

–2.9

–7.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.0

 0.8

 1.7

 1.7

 0.7

 2.1

 0.7

–7.7

–0.6

–9.0

–0.2

–0.7

–4.5

Q/Q-4 %

–1.3

 0.4

–0.5

 0.3

–5.2

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 1664.5

 1519.0

 1835.1

 1570.3

 2019.5

 1838.7

 1849.0

 1687.0

 1638.7

 1738.8

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 3262.6

 6731.4

 4052.5

 7559.3

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.5

 1.3

–0.3

 0.7

 0.1

 1.6

 0.3

 0.7

 0.1

 1.8

 0.9

 0.8

 0.4

 1.7

 0.1

 0.9

–1.3

 1.5

–0.5

–0.5

 0.4

 1.3

–0.7

–1.1

–0.2

 0.8

–1.2

–2.5

–0.4

–0.2

–1.9

–3.6

 0.6

 0.1

–0.5

–3.7

 0.6

 0.9

 1.1

–1.7

 0.2

 0.7

–0.8

–3.6

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate 

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.7

 19.9

 5.0

 6.7

 19.6

 5.0

 7.3

 20.1

 5.6

 6.6

 19.8

 5.0

 7.2

 20.5

 5.5

 7.6

 20.1

 5.9

 6.8

 19.6

 5.3

 7.9

 25.1

 5.8

 8.5

 9.2

 9.2

 25.9

 28.8

 28.9

 6.3

 6.8

 6.8

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.1

 0.3

 0.7

 0.8

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.8

 2.8

 2.7

 2.9

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.1

 0.0

–0.7

–1.4

Q/Q-4 %

 0.5

 0.6

 0.5

–0.1

–2.0

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–1.2

 1.7

–0.5

 2.7

–0.5

 1.9

–1.0

–1.2

 3.7

 8.2

 0.2

 2.2

 1.5

 1.5

 1.4

 9.5

 0.6

 1.0

–1.4

–1.4

 1.1

 7.8

–1.2

 1.9

 1.2

 0.1

–9.6

–4.3

 1.4

 2.7

–0.2

 0.1

 3.7

–4.4

 0.3

 3.0

–0.1

 1.2

 0.8

–3.9

–1.9

–0.2

–15.4

–14.5

–1.0

–2.9

–1.5

–5.0

 0.3

–15.4

 0.8

–1.3

 1.6

–0.3

 6.6

–9.6

–6.6

–7.1

 1.5

 1.5

:

:

:

:

 1.3

 3.2

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 4.1

–0.1

–1.9

–2.5

 35.8

 35.3

 35.2

 35.9

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 94.5

 95.8

 95.0

 94.5

 96.7

 99.0

 93.5

 67.7

 69.6

 78.3

 86.0

 88.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Swedish Krona exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.02

–0.07

 0.05

 0.06

 0.20

 0.16

 0.23

 0.32

 0.19

 0.10

 0.02

 0.01

–0.23

–0.16

 0.00

 0.07

 0.11

–0.05

–0.17

–0.07

–0.06

 0.01

–0.07

:

%

%

average

 10.70

 10.80

 10.65

 10.48

 10.55

 10.57

 10.88

 10.88

 10.60

 10.49

 10.35

 10.31

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list  (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

82

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Sweden

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

20

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 
8.0 
9.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    1.8

    1.2

    0.6

    0.0

0.6 

1.2 

1.8 

2.4 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
 0

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

Swedish Krona/

    11.00
    10.90
    10.80
    10.70
    10.60
    10.50
    10.40
    10.30
    10.20
    10.10
    10.00

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Swedish krona-euro exchange rate (Swedish Krona/€)

83

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4 5.  Principal European 

Economic Indicators (PEEIs) 
for non-EU countries

85

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for United Kingdom

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.1

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.6

 0.5

 0.2

 0.6

 0.0

–2.2

–20.4

–0.1

–2.9

–23.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 1.1

–1.4

–1.1

–25.5

Q/Q-4 %

 0.8

 1.3

 0.8

 1.0

 1.1

 0.6

–1.7 –21.7

–2.5 –25.3

–0.3

–2.5 –27.0

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (²)(3)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–12833.2 –14387.3 –11444.2 –10058.9

–11237.4 –11392.9 –12304.3 –8029.5

–7381.4 –9189.5

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–22329.3 –31289.6 –7013.4 –23327.3

:

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 1.7

–0.2

–0.7

–0.2

 1.5

–0.3

–1.9

 0.2

 1.5

 0.0

 0.0

 0.0

 1.3

 0.4

 2.2

–0.3

 1.8

 0.2

 2.3

 0.4

 1.7

–1.6

–0.2

 0.0

 1.5

–3.2

–3.6

–0.2

 0.8

–3.2

–7.9

 0.0

 0.5

–0.3

–8.6

 0.1

 0.6

 2.4

–5.5

:

:

 1.2

–4.9

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate 

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.7

 11.4

 2.7

 3.7

 11.0

 2.7

 3.7

 10.9

 2.6

 3.7

 11.2

 2.7

 3.9

 11.4

 2.8

 3.9

 11.5

 2.8

 3.8

 11.8

 2.7

 3.9

 12.4

 2.6

 3.8

 12.7

 2.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.7

 0.7

 1.1

 2.1

:

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 3.7

 3.8

 2.7

 5.6

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

–0.2

 0.6

 0.6

–0.7

Q/Q-4 %

 1.3

 0.9

 1.0

 1.4

 0.3

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁴)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁴)

 0.0

–1.5

 0.5

 3.0

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.4

M/M-12 % (⁴)

 2.5

 0.3

–0.9

–2.0

–1.0

 0.0

 2.6

–0.9

–1.9

 1.2

–1.7

–1.9

–1.0

–0.2

–2.0

–0.3

 3.6

 0.9

 2.6

 0.2

–2.4

 1.2

 1.1

 0.8

 2.6

 0.4

–3.0

–1.9

–1.2

 0.1

 2.2

–4.3

–7.7

–5.4

–4.9

–3.7

–4.0

–20.4

–23.4

–40.2

–44.7

–17.2

–22.6

 6.2

 9.3

–20.0

–12.2

 7.6

 23.5

–42.3

–22.3

 11.1

–11.9

 12.8

–0.6

:

:

:

:

 2.1

 0.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–4.3

–2.4

–3.8

–0.3

 84.8

 84.1

 85.4

 84.7

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 87.2

 88.9

 89.7

 87.3

 90.7

 95.5

 92.0

 62.4

 61.7

 65.2

 75.5

 75.1

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Pound Sterling exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M09 2019M10 2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

 0.77

 0.78

 0.79

 0.79

 0.74

 0.75

 0.53

 0.64

 0.33

 0.19

 0.10

 0.07

 0.58

 0.61

 0.73

 0.78

 0.67

 0.57

 0.41

 0.31

 0.22

 0.23

 0.15

:

%

%

average

 0.89

 0.88

 0.86

 0.85

 0.85

 0.84

 0.89

 0.88

 0.89

 0.90

 0.905

 0.901

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) Data in national currency has been converted into euro via Eurostat monthly data for the Euro/ECU exchange rates.
(4) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

86

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

United Kingdom

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

25.0 

30.0 

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.5

    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

1.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   3.0

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

Pound Sterling/

    1.60

    1.43

    1.26

    1.08

    0.91

    0.74

    0.57

    0.40

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Pound sterling-euro exchange rate (Pound Sterling/€)

87

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Norway

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.1

 3.4

 0.0

 0.3

 2.5

 1.5

–1.7

–5.1

–0.2

–4.3

–10.8

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.2

 1.2

 0.0

–5.1

–3.4

Q/Q-4 %

 5.3

 0.5

 1.8

 7.6

 1.8

 0.8

 4.9

 0.0

–5.3

–4.2

–14.6

 0.6

–6.0

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world)(2)(3)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)(2)(3)

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

m euro

 661.7

 1084.6

 2106.9

 1643.7

 1120.1

 1167.8

 384.4

 95.4

 20.8

–316.9

–127.5

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 3668.5

 2971.1

 3774.7

 4335.9

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 0.5

 1.5

 0.0

M/M-12 %

–0.5

 0.1

 1.7

 0.9

 0.8

 0.4

 1.5

 1.0

 2.0

–0.4

 1.2

 0.8

 3.1

–0.1

 1.7

–0.9

 1.7

–0.1

 0.7

–0.9

 0.2

–0.1

 0.5

–3.0

–2.4

 0.5

 0.6

–0.4

–3.6

 0.2

 1.1

 0.0

–3.6

 0.3

 1.3

–0.9

–3.3

 0.8

 1.4

 0.9

–3.1

:

:

:

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate 

total (⁴)

age <25 year (⁴)

age ≥25 year (⁴)

%

%

%

 3.9

 10.2

 2.9

 3.8

 10.0

 2.9

 3.9

 10.3

 3.0

 3.9

 10.1

 2.9

 3.7

 10.3

 2.7

 3.5

 10.1

 2.5

 3.6

 10.0

 2.6

 4.1

 10.3

 3.2

 4.6

 11.8

 3.5

 5.2

 12.8

 4.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index (2)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.6

 0.9

 0.7

 0.6

 0.8

Q/Q-4 %

 3.1

 3.6

 3.5

 2.8

 3.1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.1

 0.0

–0.1

–1.3

Q/Q-4 %

 1.8

 1.6

 1.2

 0.9

–1.7

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 0.6

M/M-12 % (⁶)

–8.0

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁶)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁶)

–

–

 0.1

 0.8

 2.9

–5.7

–

–

–0.9

–0.2

 2.6

–0.9

–

–

 1.1

 0.7

 1.3

 1.2

–

–

–2.3

–0.7

–2.6

 0.4

–

–

 0.6

–1.7

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

 2.7

 5.2

–

–

 2.0

 2.0

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 10.6

 3.2

 2.7

 4.0

 35.6

 35.4

 40.4

 41.4

:

:

 1.3

 7.5

–

–

–1.2

 0.9

–0.7

 5.4

–

–

 4.8

 3.6

–1.2

 3.0

–

–

 2.8

 7.8

–1.9

 3.0

–

–

 5.7

 13.7

 2.5

 7.4

–

–

 0.6

 13.8

:

:

–

–

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate (2)

Long term government  
bond yields (2)

Norwegian Krone exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

 1.70

 1.81

 1.85

 1.85

 1.83

 1.75

 1.39

 0.76

 0.30

 0.34

 0.32

 0.28

 1.21

 1.26

 1.45

 1.47

 1.39

 1.35

 0.93

 0.70

 0.47

 0.65

 0.61

 0.69

%

%

average

 9.92

 10.12

 10.11

 10.04

 9.94

 10.13

 11.29

 11.34

 10.99

 10.73

 10.65

 10.58

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
Current account  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted
(2) Source: OECD MEI
(3) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(4) sa: seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only 
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

88

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 

Growth rate
(RT)

    7.5

    6.0

    4.5

    3.0

    1.5

    0.0

1.5 

3.0 

Norway

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 4
 3
 2
 1
 0
1
2
3
4
5
6

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.5

4.5

3.5

2.5

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Millions  EUR

Figure 6: Financial

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Norvegian Krone/

    11.50
    11.30
    11.10
    10.90
    10.70
    10.50
    10.30
    10.10
    9.90
    9.70
    9.50

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Norwegian krone-euro exchange rate (Norwegian Krone/€)

89

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Switzerland

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.3

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.7

 0.4

 0.2

 0.2

 0.8

 0.2

 3.7

–2.5

–8.2

–4.7

–8.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.4

 1.3

–2.8

–8.8

Q/Q-4 %

–1.2

 1.3

 1.4

 0.7

 2.2

 1.3

 5.0

–0.7

–9.4

–3.9

–12.5

 0.3

–7.9

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world) (²)(³)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world) (⁴)

m euro

 3547.5

 2859.0

 3032.2

 2629.0

 4100.4

 3330.6

 3954.9

 4271.7  2262.7  2704.6

 2496.9

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

17825.5 16868.5 18626.4 16983.4

:

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.4

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 0.0

 0.4

–0.2

–0.3

 0.0

–0.1

–0.4

–0.3

–0.1

–0.4

 0.2

–0.1

 0.1

 0.0

–0.4

 0.2

 0.0

 0.5

–0.1

–0.2

–0.5

–0.2

 0.1

–0.4

–0.2

–0.6

 0.1

–1.0

–0.5

–1.2

–0.2

–1.0

–0.1

–1.5

–0.1

–1.3

 0.2

–1.0

 0.1

–1.2

 0.1

–1.1

:

:

:

:

Unemployment  
rate (6)

total

age <25 year

age ≥25 year

%

%

%

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

 4.5

 4.7

 4.5

 3.9

 3.8

 4.0

 4.4

 4.5

 4.6

 4.5

 4.6

 4.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index (³)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.3

–0.1

 0.5

 0.3

:

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 0.8

 0.8

 1.0

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (¹)(⁵)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.1

 0.3

 0.4

–2.4

Q/Q-4 %

 1.1

 0.3

 0.9

 1.1

–1.6

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.7

M/M-12 % (3)

 10.3

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–

–

–0.6

 3.8

–

–

–0.4

 2.0

–

–

–4.4

–1.5

–

–

 5.6

 3.1

–

–

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.2

 0.8

 0.7

–0.5

–0.5

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.6
2019Q2

 0.3
2019Q3

 1.2
2019Q4

 1.0
2020Q1

 0.2
2020Q2

–2.0

 0.1

–

–

 0.7

 0.9

–2.5

–2.5

–

–

–7.1

–6.2

–3.5

–6.0

–

–

–13.2

–18.8

–5.5

–11.3

–

–

 31.0

 6.8

 5.4

–8.1

–

–

–2.3

 3.2

:

:

–

–

 0.7

 4.2

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 1.5

 1.5

 1.4

–2.1

–

–

–

–

:

–

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate (2)

Long term government  
bond yields (2)

Swiss Franc exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.76

–0.76

–0.72

–0.69

–0.69

–0.74

–0.66

–0.58

–0.65

–0.68

–0.70

–0.72

–0.70

–0.51

–0.58

–0.46

–0.70

–0.83

–0.37

–0.49

–0.47

–0.44

–0.53

–0.41

%

%

average

 1.09

 1.10

 1.10

 1.09

 1.08

 1.06

 1.06

 1.05

 1.06

 1.07

 1.07

 1.08

Source:
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only 
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
Current account  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted
(2) Source: OECD MEI
(3) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(4) Data in national currency has been converted into euro via Eurostat quarterly data for the Euro/ECU exchange rates
(5) Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

90

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

Switzerland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 6.0
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    40.0

    32.0

    24.0

    16.0

    8.0

    0.0

8.0 

16.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   0.3
   0.2
   0.1
   0.0
0.1 
0.2 
0.3 
0.4 
0.5 
0.6 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

20 000
18 000
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
 0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  
0.6  
0.7  
0.8  
0.9  

Swiss Franc/

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Swiss franc-euro exchange rate (Swiss Franc/€)

91

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for United States

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 %

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.4

 0.9

 0.2

 0.6

 0.7

 0.6

 0.6

 0.4

 0.5

–1.3

–1.8

–9.1

–9.9

Q/Q-4 %

 2.0

Q/Q-4 %

 2.4

 0.0

–6.7

Q/Q-4 %

 1.8

 2.1

 2.5

 2.1

 2.3

 2.5

 2.3

 0.3

–9.1

 0.2

–10.5

 1.4

–5.6

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world) (²)(³)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world) (²)(³)

Consumer Prices Index – all 
items

Industrial producer prices (1)(⁴)

m euro

–64648.3 –59997.3 –58564.8 –62308.1 –59053.2 –53967.0 –58701.1 –65105.0 –69143.3 –63042.2 –69889.2

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

–113634.4 –109357.0 –94231.8 –94499.0

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2020M07 2020M08

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.0

 1.2

–0.3

–1.5

 0.2

 1.3

 0.4

–1.9

–0.2

 1.7

–0.1

–1.0

–0.2

 2.0

–0.1

 0.6

 0.4

 2.2

 0.1

 1.2

 0.3

 2.1

–0.8

–0.2

–0.3

 1.0

–1.4

–2.6

–0.9

–0.5

–3.0

–6.4

–0.1

–0.8

 1.7

–4.7

 0.7

 0.0

 0.4

–3.4

 0.6

 0.4

 1.2

–2.4

:

:

:

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07

2020M08

Unemployment  
rate (3)

total

age <25 year

age ≥25 year

%

%

%

 3.5

 8.0

 2.9

 3.6

 7.9

 2.9

 3.5

 8.0

 2.9

 3.5

 8.1

 2.8

 3.6

 8.2

 2.9

 3.5

 7.7

 2.9

 4.4

 14.7

 10.3

 3.5

 27.4

 13.1

 13.3

 25.2

 11.6

 11.1

 20.7

 9.7

 10.2

 18.6

 9.1

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index (1)(⁵)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 0.8

 0.7

 0.6

 0.8

Q/Q-4 %

 2.8

 3.1

 2.8

 2.6

 2.9

Employment (1)(6)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.1

 0.3

 0.3

–0.4

–12.5

Q/Q-4 %

 0.9

 1.4

 0.9

 0.2

–12.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Industrial production (¹)

Production in construction (¹)

Retail trade deflated turnover (¹)

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07

2020M08

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

–0.3

–0.2

 1.0

 5.8

–0.7

 1.9

–0.4

–0.8

–0.5

 6.5

 0.3

 1.3

 0.9

–0.4

 1.3

 9.1

–0.1

 1.0

–0.4

–0.8

 0.3

 9.4

–0.3

 3.3

–0.4

–0.8

 1.9

 9.4

 0.6

 2.1

 0.1

–0.2

 0.2

 8.8

–0.6

 2.0

–4.3

–12.8

 0.9

 5.7

–4.6

–16.3

–15.8

–11.0

–0.3

 7.4

–3.4

 2.4

–4.7

–12.0

–4.1

–15.6

–1.3

 1.2

 17.3

–1.2

–0.5

 0.6

 6.2

 4.9

 3.0

–8.2

 0.1

–0.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt (⁷)

%

%

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–

:

–

:

–

:

–

:

–

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07

2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields (¹)

%

%

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07

2020M08

 2.13

 1.98

 1.90

 1.91

 1.82

 1.68

 1.10

 1.09

 0.40

 0.31

 0.27

 0.25

 1.70

 1.70

 1.81

 1.86

 1.75

 1.51

 0.88

 0.66

 0.67

 0.72

 0.62

 0.65

Euro-dollar exchange rate

average

 1.10

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.09

 1.11

 1.09

 1.09

 1.13

 1.15

 1.18

Source:
ECB
ECB

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Euro–dollar exchange rate  
(1) Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database – Seasonally adjusted data 
(2) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(4) Data refer to Economic activities “Manufacturing”, total
(5)Hourly earnings
(6) Civilian employment: all persons
(7) Source OECD Public Sector Debt database
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

92

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

United States

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
9.0
6.0
3.0
0.0
3.0  
6.0  
9.0  
12.0  
15.0  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0

 0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

12.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0

    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

93

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Japan

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 %

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.4

 0.5

 0.8

 0.0

 0.4

 0.5

–1.8

–0.6

–7.8

–2.9

–0.8

–8.2

–3.3

 0.5

–0.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.9

 0.8

 0.7

 1.7

 1.5

 4.7

–0.7

–2.0

–10.0

–1.9

–2.7

–11.1

–1.6

–1.5

–3.0

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world) (1)(2)(3)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world) (1)(3)(⁴)

m euro

–613.6

–918.1 –1436.9 –1078.3 –1868.7

 3529.5

–1908.5 –8140.9 –4726.3 –3392.3

–284.6

:

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

m euro

 39293.3  39456.9  44146.9  40419.3  17926.9

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Consumer Prices Index – all 
items (1)

Industrial producer prices (1)

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 0.2

–0.0

–0.7

 0.3

 0.2

 1.3

 0.1

 0.1

 0.5

 0.1

 0.4

 0.0

 0.8

 0.1

 1.1

–0.1

 0.7

 0.2

 1.7

–0.2

 0.4

–0.4

 0.9

 0.0

 0.4

–0.7

–0.0

–0.1

 0.1

–1.6

–1.9

 0.0

 0.1

–0.4

–2.3

–0.1

 0.1

 0.5

–1.4

 0.1

 0.3

 0.5

–0.8

:

:

:

:

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Unemployment  
rate (3)

total

age <25 year

age ≥25 year

%

%

%

 2.4

 4.6

–

 2.4

 4.7

–

 2.2

 3.9

–

 2.2

 3.2

–

 2.4

 3.6

–

 2.4

 4.2

–

 2.5

 3.8

–

 2.6

 4.9

–

 2.9

 5.1

–

 2.8

 4.0

–

 2.9

 5.1

–

:

:

–

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Labour Cost Index (1)(⁵)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

–0.6

 0.0

–0.2

–1.2

Q/Q-4 %

 0.6

–0.7

–0.3

 0.4

–2.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Employment (1)(6)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.2

 0.2

–0.2

–0.2

–0.5

Q/Q-4 %

 0.7

 1.0

 0.8

 0.3

–1.2

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

Industrial production (¹)

Production in construction (¹)

Retail trade deflated turnover (¹)

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

 2.0

–0.8

–1.1

–0.8

 7.2

 8.8

–4.1

–6.6

–0.3

 0.1

–14.0

–6.9

–0.6

–6.1

 0.0

–0.1

 3.3

–3.3

 0.1

–6.3

–2.6

–1.2

 0.3

–3.9

 2.0

–2.5

 1.2

–2.3

 1.6

–1.0

–0.4

–3.4

–1.8

–4.7

 0.7

–0.4

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

–3.6

–6.5

 1.9

–3.0

–4.5

–5.1

–9.0

–8.7

 2.1

 7.0

–15.1

–23.4

–19.8

–14.5

 0.1

–3.3

–9.9

–2.9

–6.7

 2.0

–14.1

–12.4

–2.2

–8.4

 13.2

–1.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt (⁷)

%

%

–

:

–

:

–

:

–

:

–

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields (¹)

%

%

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12 2020M01 2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06 2020M07 2020M08

–0.09

–0.11

–0.10

–0.06

–0.05

–0.07

–0.09

–0.01

–0.03

–0.05

–0.05

–0.05

–0.23

–0.16

–0.09

–0.01

–0.02

–0.06

–0.03

 0.00

 0.00

 0.02

 0.02

 0.03

Yen exchange rate

Average

 118.24

 119.51

 120.34

 121.24

 121.36

 120.03

 118.90

 116.97

 116.87

 121.12

 122.38 125.40

Source:
ECB
ECB

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
(1) Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database – Seasonally adjusted data
(2) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(4) Data in national currency has been converted into euro via Eurostat quarterly data for the Euro/ECU exchange rates
(5) Monthly earnings
(6) Source: Labour Force Survey, civilian employment: all persons
(7) Source OECD Public Sector Debt database
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

94

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 
8.0 
9.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Japan

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)

 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.4
    0.2
    0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.8 
1.0 
1.2 
1.4 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

 0

10 000

20 000

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.1

0.0

0.1  

0.1  

0.2  

0.2  

0.3  

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
0
2
0
2

8
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Yen-euro exchange rate (Yen/€)

Yen/

    127.20

    124.80

    122.40

    120.00

    117.60

    115.20

    112.80

    110.40

95

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition 97

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition Appendix

Symbols and codes in the tables

EU-27:   European Union (27 countries)
EA:  

Euro area (EA-11 up to 31.12.2000 / EA-12 up to 31.12.2006 / EA-13 up to 31.12.2007 / EA-15 up to 31.12.2008 /  
EA-16 up to 31.12.2010 / EA-17 onwards up to 31.12.2013 / EA-18 up to 31.12.2014 /EA-19 onwards)
 Euro area (19 countries)
 Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Czechia
 Denmark
 Germany (including ex-GDR from 1991)
 Estonia
 Ireland
 Greece
 Spain
 France
 Croatia
 Italy
 Cyprus
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg (Grand-Duché)
 Hungary
 Malta
 Netherlands
 Austria
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania
 Slovenia
 Slovak Republic
 Finland
 Sweden
 United Kingdom
 Norway
 Switzerland
 United States
 Japan
 not available data
 not existing data
 confidential data
 million

EA-19:  
BE:  
BG:  
CZ:  
DK:  
DE:  
EE:  
IE:  
EL:  
ES:  
FR:  
HR:  
IT:  
CY:  
LV:  
LT:  
LU:  
HU:  
MT:  
NL:  
AT:  
PL:  
PT:  
RO:  
SI:  
SK:  
FI:  
SE:  
UK:  
NO:  
CH:  
US:  
JP:  
« : »  
« - »  
« c »  
« mn »  

Data presented in Section 2, 3 and 4 of this publication have been extracted from Eurostat database, National Statistical 
Institutes and OECD database on 8 September 2020.

98

  Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  
Eurostat’s source datasets 

GDP (volume) 
Private final consumption 
Investment (GFCF)  
External trade balance (extra ea19 area) 
External trade balance (extra euro27 area) 
BOP Current account (all countries of the world)  
Inflation (HICP) 
Industrial producer prices 
Unemployment rate 
Labour Cost Index  
Employment 
Industrial production 
Production in construction 
Retail trade deflated turnover 
General government deficit (-)/surplus(+) 
General government gross debt 
Economic sentiment indicator 
3-month interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Exchange rate 

namq_10_gdp
namq_10_gdp
namq_10_gdp
ei_etea19_m
ei_eteu27_2019_m
ei_bpm6ca_q
ei_cphi_m
sts_inppd_m
ei_lmhr_m
ei_lmlc_q
namq_10_a10_e
sts_inpr_m
ei_isbr_m
ei_isrr_m
gov_10q_ggnfa
gov_10q_ggdebt
ei_bssi_m_r2
ei_mfir_m
ei_mfir_m
ei_mfrt_m

Appendix

99

 Eurostatistics — 09/2020 edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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