Coordination of social security systems at a glance : 2018 statistical report.
Date: 2020-08-21
Institutions: Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Subjects: EU Member State, cross-border cooperation, data collection, family benefit, social security, social security legislation, social-security benefit, social-security contribution, social-security harmonisation, statistical method

Coordination of social security 
systems at a glance 

2018 Statistical Report 

Frederic De Wispelaere, Lynn De Smedt & Jozef Pacolet – HIVA-KU Leuven 

December 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 
Unit D/2  

Contact: EMPL-D2-UNIT@ec.europa.eu 

European Commission 
B-1049 Brussels 

 
 
 
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Coordination of social security 
systems at a glance 

2018 Statistical Report 

Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 
Network Statistics FMSSFE (Contract No VC/2017/0463 ‘Network of Experts on intra-EU mobility –  
Lot 2: Statistics and compilation of national data’) 
2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Network Statistics FMSSFE 

This report has been prepared in the framework of Contract No VC/2017/0463 ‘Network of Experts on intra-
EU mobility – social security coordination and free movement of workers / Lot 2: Statistics and compilation 
of national data’. This contract was awarded to Network Statistics FMSSFE, an independent research 
network composed of expert teams from HIVA (KU Leuven), Milieu Ltd, IRIS (UGent), ICON-INSTITUT Public 
Sector GmbH, Szeged University and Eftheia bvba. Network Statistics FMSSFE is coordinated by HIVA.  

Authors: 

Frederic De Wispelaere, Research Expert, HIVA - Research Institute for Work and Society, University of 
Leuven (KU Leuven). 

Lynn De Smedt, Junior researcher, HIVA - Research Institute for Work and Society, University of Leuven 
(KU Leuven). 

Prof dr Jozef Pacolet, Emeritus with formal duties, HIVA - Research Institute for Work and Society, 
University of Leuven (KU Leuven). 

Peer reviewers: 

Prof dr József Hajdú, Head of the Department of Labour Law and Social Security, Szeged University. 

Dr Gabriella Berki, Professor Assistant at the Department of Labour Law and Social Security, Szeged 
University. 

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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019

ISBN: 978-92-79-99862-1
doi: 10.2767/588297

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Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table of Contents 

List of Tables .................................................................................................... 7 

List of Figures ................................................................................................... 8 

1. 

2. 

Introduction ............................................................................................10 

Determination of the applicable legislation ..................................................12 

3. 

Cross-border healthcare ...........................................................................15 
3.1.  General overview – Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare ............... 15 
3.1.1 From a debtor’s perspective .................................................................16 
3.1.2 From a creditor’s perspective ...............................................................19 
3.2.  Unplanned cross-border healthcare ......................................................... 21 
3.3.  Planned cross-border healthcare ............................................................ 22 
3.4.  Residing in a Member State other than the competent Member State .......... 24 

4. 

Unemployment ........................................................................................26 
4.1.  Export of unemployment benefits ........................................................... 26 
4.2.  Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits ................................... 28 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Family benefits........................................................................................31 

Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits in cash......................................33 

Old-age, survivors’ and invaldity pensions ..................................................34 

8. 

Fraud and error .......................................................................................36 
8.1.  Applicable legislation ............................................................................ 36 
8.2.  Cross-border healthcare ........................................................................ 37 
8.2.1 Unplanned necessary healthcare ...........................................................37 
8.2.2 Planned cross-border healthcare ...........................................................39 
8.2.3 Entitlement to healthcare by persons residing in a Member State other than 
the competent Member State .......................................................................39 
8.3.  Unemployment benefits ........................................................................ 39 
8.3.1 Export of unemployment benefits .........................................................39 
8.3.2 Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits .................................40 
8.4.  Old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions .............................................. 41 
Family benefits .................................................................................... 41 
8.5. 
8.6.  Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits ............................................. 42 
8.7.  Recovery of outstanding contributions and unduly paid benefits ................. 42 

9. 

Recovery procedures ...............................................................................43 
9.1 Recovery of outstanding contributions ......................................................43 
9.2 Recovery of unduly paid benefits .............................................................43 

10.  General overview ....................................................................................45 

11. 

Statistical annex I Applicable legislation and branches of social security .........49 
Applicable legislation ...................................................................................... 49 
Unplanned healthcare ..................................................................................... 52 
Planned healthcare......................................................................................... 53 
Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent Member State ........ 55 
Export of unemployment benefits .................................................................... 58 

5 

Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits ............................................. 59 
Export of family benefits ................................................................................. 61 
Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits in cash ............................................ 64 
Old-age, survivors’ and invaldity pensions......................................................... 66 

12. 

Statistical annex II Country fiches .............................................................68 

6 

 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 1 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by type, by competent 
Member State, 2017 

Table 2 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by type, by Member 
State of treatment, 2017 

Table 3 

Number of PDs A1 withdrawn, 2017 

Table 4 

Number of cases of inappropriate use of the EHIC, 2017 

Table 5 

Number of rejections of invoices, 2017 

Table 6   Number of cases of inappropriate use of PD S1, 2017 

Table 7 

Number of cases of fraud and error identified in case of aggregation 
of periods for unemployment benefits, 2017 

Table 8 

Number of cases of fraud and error identified in case of old-age, 
survivors' and invalidity pensions, 2017 

Table 9 

Cases of fraud and error in case of export of family benefits, 2017 

Table 10   Cases of fraud and error in case of Maternity and equivalent paternity 

benefits, 2017 

Table 11  The coordination of social security at a glance, 2017 

18 

20 

37 

38 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

42 

47 

7 

 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1 

Evolution of the number of PDs A1 / E101 forms issued, by type, 
2007-2017 

Figure 2  Share of PDs A1 in national employment, summary, 2017 

Figure 3  Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, 2017 

Figure 4  Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by competent Member 

State, 2017 

Figure 5  Correlation between cross-border healthcare expenditure and total 

healthcare expenditure per inhabitant* 

Figure 6 

Type of cross-border healthcare as share in total, by competent 
Member State, 2017 

Figure 7  Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by Member State of 

treatment, 2017 

Figure 8   Type of cross-border healthcare as share in total, by Member State of 

treatment, 2017 

Figure 9  % insured persons with a valid EHIC, 2017 

Figure 10  Number of PDs S2 issued and the percentage of insured persons 

entitled to receive planned cross-border healthcare on the basis of a 
prior authorisation, 2017 

Figure 11  Number of PDs S1 in circulation and the percentage of insured 
persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State, 2017 

Figure 12  Number of PDs U2 issued and the share of unemployed persons who 

exported their unemployment benefit (out of 1,000 unemployed 
persons), 2017 

Figure 13  Percentage of unemployed persons with a PD U2 who found work, by 

sending and receiving Member State, 2017 

Figure 14  The number of aggregations of periods in case of unemployment, as a 
percentage of the total number of unemployed persons, by 
competent Member State, 2017 

Figure 15  Aggregation of periods in case of unemployment by length of 

insurance, employment or self-employment in Member State of last 
activity, by competent Member State, 2017 

Figure 16  The share of the export of family benefits in the total number of 

family benefits paid by the reporting Member State, 2017 

Figure 17 Amount of exported maternity and equivalent paternity benefits, as a 
share of the total expenditure on maternity and equivalent paternity 
benefits, 2017 

13 

14 

16 

16 

17 

19 

19 

21 

22 

23 

24 

26 

27 

29 

30 

32 

33 

8 

Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Figure 18  Number of pensions and amount paid as Member State of export, as 
a share of the total number of beneficiaries and of total expenditure, 
2017 

Figure 19  Number of pensions and amount paid as Member State of residence 
to pensioners receiving a pension from two or more Member States 
one of which is the Member State of residence, as a share of the total 
number of beneficiaries and of total expenditure, 2017 

Figure 20  Requests for recovery of unduly paid family benefits submitted 

compared to the total number of family benefits exported abroad, 
2017 

34 

35 

44 

9 

 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

1.  INTRODUCTION 

Free movement of persons  would not be possible without the guarantee that citizens 
do not lose their social security protection when moving to another Member State.  In 
order  to  protect  the  social  security  rights  of  persons  moving  within  Europe,  common 
rules are  established at EU level.1 Detailed rules are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 
883/2004  (‘Basic  Regulation’)  and  Regulation  (EC)  No 987/2009  (‘Implementing 
Regulation’).  They  cover  some  key  principles:  1)  prohibition  of  discrimination,2  2) 
equal treatment of facts and events (i.e. principle of assimilation)3, 3) aggregation of 
periods,4  4)  the  exportability  of  benefits5  and  5)  the  determination  of  a  single 
applicable law.6 

The personal scope of these rules covers the following persons:7 

  Nationals,  stateless  persons  or  refugees  residing  in  the  EU who  are  or  have 
been insured in one or more Member States as well as their family members; 
  Coordination also applies to Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein (EEA countries)8 

and to Switzerland;9 

  Coordination also includes third-country nationals legally resident in the EU and 

in a cross-border situation.10 

The  provisions  on  social  security  coordination  protect  both  active  and  non-active 
persons. Thus, the reference group to be studied includes EU/EFTA citizens moving in 
the  EU/EFTA  for  professional  reasons  (‘intra-EU  labour  mobility’)  and  other  personal 
reasons (holiday, planned healthcare, retiring etc).  

As  regards  the  material  scope  of  the  rules  on  social  security  coordination,  the  Basic 
Regulation  and  its  Implementing  Regulation  apply  to  the  following  branches  of  social 
security:  sickness  benefits  (including  long-term  care  (LTC)  benefits),  maternity  and 
equivalent paternity  benefits, invalidity benefits,  old-age benefits, survivors’ benefits, 
benefits  in  respect  of  accidents  at  work  and  occupational  diseases,  death  grants, 
unemployment benefits, pre-retirement benefits and family benefits.11 The Regulations 
also  apply  to  special  non-contributory  cash  benefits12  but  not  to  social  and  medical 
assistance  and  certain  benefits  which  are  a  compensation  for  damages  (e.g.  for  war 
victims).13 

1 See – among others – Article 153 (4) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). 
Coordination measures at EU level are required by Article 48 TFEU. 
2 Article 4 of the Basic Regulation. 
3 Article 5 of the Basic Regulation.  
4 Article 6 of the Basic Regulation. 
5 Article 7 of the Basic Regulation. 
6 Article 11 (1) of the Basic Regulation. 
7 Article 2 of the Basic Regulation. 
8 Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 76/2011 of 1 July 2011 amending Annex VI (Social security) and 
Protocol 37 to the EEA Agreement. 
9  Decision  No  1/2012  of  the  Joint  Committee  established  under  the  Agreement  between  the  European 
Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Swiss Confederation, of the other, on the free 
movement of persons of 31 March 2012 replacing Annex II to that Agreement on the coordination of social 
security schemes. 
10  Regulation  (EU)  No  1231/2010  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  24  November  2010 
extending  Regulation  (EC)  No  883/2004  and  Regulation  (EC)  No  987/2009  to  nationals  of  third  countries 
who are not already covered by these Regulations solely on the ground of their nationality. 
11 Article 3 (1) of the Basic Regulation. 
12 Article 3 (3) of the Basic Regulation. 
13 Article 3 (5) of the Basic Regulation. 

10 

 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

This  statistical  report  provides  an  overview  and  evaluation  of  the  current  data 
collection and reporting on the coordination of social security systems.  It covers data 
collected  both  within  the  framework  of  the  Administrative  Commission14  and  outside 
this framework (other data available at national or EU level). It draws conclusions and 
identifies  trends  by  area.  Annex  I  contains  a  selection  of  the  collected  data  by  area. 
Annex  II  contains  country  fiches  for  all  EU-28  /  EFTA  countries.  The  report 
complements  and  adds  value  to  the  separate  thematic  reports  compiled  by  the 
Network  Statistics  FMSSFE.  The  Statistical  Report  draws  main  conclusions  and 
identifies main trends,  not least by including data collected  outside the framework of 
the Administrative Commission. Nonetheless, the separate thematic reports should be 
consulted for a more detailed analysis and reporting of the data.  

Overview of reports compiled by the Network Statistics FMSSFE for reference 
year 2017 on the basis of questionnaires launched within the Administrative 
Commission 

De  Wispelaere,  F.  &  Pacolet,  J.  (2018),  Posting  of  workers  –  PD  A1  Questionnaire, 
Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De  Wispelaere,  F.;  De  Smedt,  L.  &  Pacolet,  J.  (2018),  Cross-border  healthcare, 
Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De  Wispelaere,  F.  &  Pacolet,  J.  (2018),  Export  of  unemployment  benefits  –  PD  U2 
Questionnaire, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De  Wispelaere,  F.  &  Pacolet,  J.  (2018),  Aggregation  of  periods  for  unemployment 
benefits.  Report  on  U1  portable  documents  for  migrant  workers,  Network  Statistics 
FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De  Wispelaere,  F.  &  Pacolet,  J.  (2018),  Export  of  family  benefits,  Network  Statistics 
FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De Wispelaere, F. & Pacolet, J. (2018), Cross-border old-age, survivors’ and invalidity 
pensions, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De  Wispelaere,  F.;  De  Smedt,  L.  &  Pacolet,  J.  (2018),  Maternity  and  equivalent 
paternity benefits in cash, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 

De Wispelaere, F.; De  Smedt, L. & Pacolet, J.  (2018), Recovery procedures,  Network 
Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 

Jorens, Y.; de Coninck, M.; De Wispelaere, F. & Pacolet, J.  (2018), Fraud and error in 
the  field  of  EU  social  security  coordination,  Network  Statistics  FMSSFE,  European 
Commission. 

14 The Administrative Commission for the coordination of social security systems comprises a representative 
of the government of each EU country and a representative of the Commission. It is responsible for dealing 
with administrative matters, questions of interpretation arising from the provisions of regulations on social 
security  coordination,  and  for  promoting  and  developing  collaboration  between  EU  countries.  The 
composition,  operation  and  tasks  of  the Administrative  Commission  are  laid  down  in Articles  71  and 72  of 
the Basic Regulation. 

11 

 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

2.  DETERMINATION OF THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION 

The main principle of the social security coordination rules is that persons are subject 
to the legislation of a single Member State only. In case of employment the legislation 
of the Member State where the activity is carried out usually applies (‘lex loci laboris’). 
However,  in  some  very  specific  situations,  criteria  other  than  the  actual  place  of 
employment are applied. Such situations include, inter alia, 1) employed persons who 
are  employed  by  an  employer  that  normally  carry  out  their  activities  in  a  Member 
State and who are posted by that employer to another Member State to perform work 
on its behalf (Article 12(1) of the Basic Regulation), 2) persons who normally pursue 
an  activity  as  a  self-employed  person  in  a  Member  State  who  go  to  pursue  a  similar 
activity  in  another  Member  State  (Article  12(2)  of  the  Basic  Regulation);  and  3) 
persons who pursue an activity as an employed/self-employed person in two or more 
Member States (Article 13 of the Basic Regulation).15 In case of Article 12 of the Basic 
Regulation  the  social  security  legislation  of  the  Member  State  of  origin  continues  to 
apply for up to 24 months. Furthermore, to ensure that the social security legislation 
of  only  one  Member  State  is  applicable,  Article  13  of  the  Basic  Regulation  lays  down 
special rules for persons who are normally employed, self-employed or both employed 
and self-employed in two or more Member States.  In order to prove  that a person is 
subject  to  a  social  security  system  a  so-called  ‘Portable  Document  A1  (PD  A1)’  is 
issued  by  the  Member  State  whose  legislation  remains  applicable.  This  certificate 
concerns the social security legislation which applies to a person and confirms that this 
person has no obligations to pay contributions in another Member State.  It should be 
noted  that  a  PD A1  is  not  only  issued  to  persons  active  under  Article  12  of  the  Basic 
Regulation  but  also  to  several  other  mobile  workers,  such  as  persons  who  pursue  an 
activity in two or more Member States, mariners and flight or cabin crew members.  

The reader’s attention is drawn to the fact that the notion ‘posted’ used by the Basic 
Regulation  differs  from  the  notion  ‘posted’  in  the  Posting  of  Workers  Directive 
(Directive  96/71/EC)16.  Consequently,  persons  might  be  ‘posted’  under  the  Basic 
Regulation  but  not  in  the  meaning  of  the  Directive.  For  instance,  self-employed 
persons  falling  under    Article  12  (2)  of  the  Basic  Regulation  are  not  covered  by  the 
Posting  of  Workers  Directive.  In  contrast,  persons  might  also  be  posted  under  the 
Posting of Workers Directive and not under the Basic Regulation. For instance, workers 
who  pursue  an  activity  in  two  or  more  Member  States  (Article  13  of  the  Basic 
Regulation)  may  fall  under  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Posting  of  Workers 
Directive. 

This  chapter  presents  the  results  of  the  data  collection  on  the  number  of  PDs  A1 
issued  by  the  EU  Member  States  and  EFTA  countries.  As  will  be  shown  below,  these 
data provide more information on the size, the characteristics and the impact of intra-
EU posting according to Article 12(1) of the Basic Regulation. 

Figures show a continuously upward trend since 2011 after a stagnation between 2007 
and 2010 (Figure 1). In 2017, a total of 2.8 million PDs A1 were issued. Compared to 
2016,  the  overall  number  of  PDs  A1  issued  increased  by  some  22%,  which is  almost 
double  the  change  between  2015  and  2016  (a  12%  increase).  Approximately 
1.7 million PDs A1 were applicable to Article 12 of the Basic Regulation. Compared to 
2016, the overall number of PDs A1 issued to persons covered by Article 12 increased 

15  See  EC  (2013),  Practical  guide  on  the  applicable  legislation  in  the  European  Union  (EU),  the  European 
Economic Area (EEA) and in Switzerland. 
16 Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the 
posting  of  workers  in  the  framework  of  the  provision  of  services.  The  Directive  lays  down  a  nucleus  of 
mandatory rules of the host Member State that should be respected by the posting undertaking.  

12 

 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

by some 6.5%. Furthermore, some 1 million PDs A1 were issued to persons active in 
two  or  more  Member  States  according  to  Article  13  of  the  Basic  Regulation.  The 
number  increased  in  2017  by  more  than  400,000  certificates  compared  to  2016, 
representing a growth rate of 64%. Consequently, the share of the PDs A1 issued on 
the basis of Article 13 in the total number of PDs A1 strongly increased over the past 
few  years,  up  to  36%  in  2017.  The  remainder  PDs  A1  were  applicable  to  other 
categories (47,864 PDs A1).  

In  absolute  terms  most  of  the  PDs  A1  were  issued  by  Poland  (573,358  PDs  A1), 
Germany (399,745 PDs A1), Spain (191,148 PDs A1), Slovenia (190,976 PDs A1), and 
Italy (152,528 PDs A1). The share  of Poland amounts to 21% of the  total number of 
PDs A1 issued.  

Figure 1 

Evolution of the number of PDs A1 / E101 forms issued, by type, 2007-2017 

3.000.000

2.500.000

2.000.000

1.500.000

1.000.000

500.000

d
e
u
s
s
i

s

m
r
o
f
1
A
f
o
r
e
b
m
u
N

0

47.864

1.025.377

1.730.038

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

PDs A1 issued according to Art. 13 BR
Total (E101)

2007

2009

2008

2011
PDs A1 issued according to Art. 12 BR
Other

2010

* Since 1 May 2010, E101 forms have been replaced by PDs A1. 
Source Administrative data PD A1 Questionnaire 2018 and previous years  

The  main  sending  Member  States  pursuant  to  Article  12  were  Germany  (332,091 
PDs A1),  Poland  (235,836  PDs  A1)  and  Slovenia  (163,876  PDs  A1).  From  the 
perspective  of  the  receiving  Member  State,  most  persons  covered  by  Article  12 
provided  services  in  Germany  (427,175  PDs  A1),  France  (241,363  PDs  A1)  and 
Belgium (167,335 PDs A1). There were two significant flows: from Poland to Germany 
(114,979  PDs  A1)  and  from  Slovenia  to  Germany  (71,219  PDs  A1).  An  important 
finding  is  that  the  number  of  PDs  A1  issued  pursuant  to  Article  12  from  the  EU-13 
Member  States  decreased  by  some  1%  compared  to  2016,  mainly  due  to  a  strong 
decline of such certificates issued by Poland according to Article 12 (-24,163 PDs A1). 
From the perspective  of the receiving Member State, especially France (+38,344 PDs 
A1),  Austria  (+20,896  PDs  A1)  and  the  Netherlands  (+20,649  PDs  A1  PDs  A1) 
received  a  higher  number  of  PDs  A1  issued  pursuant  to  Article  12.  Based  on  the 
reported  figures  it  can  be  concluded  that  on  average  one  individual  person  falling 
under Article 12 was sent abroad two times in 2017. Under the current rules on social 
security  coordination  the  period  that  persons  are  pursuing  an  activity  covered  by 
Article  12  is  set  at  a  maximum  of  24  months.  In  practice,  the  average  duration  was 
some 98 days. 

The  number  of  PDs  A1  issued  on  the  basis  of  Article  13 increased  from  168,279  PDs 
A1  issued  in  2010  to  more  than  1  million  PDs  A1  issued  in  2017.  The  main  issuing 
Member  State  is  Poland  as  it  has issued  almost  325,000  PDs  A1  or  almost  a  third  of 
A1 certificates issued to persons on the basis of Article 13. No maximum period for the 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

provision  of  services  in  two  or  more  Member  States  is  set.  In  practice,  the  average 
duration  persons  pursue  an  activity  in  two  or  more  Member  States  is  305  days  per 
PD A1 and even a complete year per individual person. 

In 2017, an equivalent of 0.4% of EU employment could be related to the employment 
of persons falling under Article 12 (Figure 2). The most striking figure was obtained for 
Slovenia,  as  some  5%  of  the  Slovenian  population  of  working  age  provided  services 
abroad  under  Article  12.  Almost  47%  of  the  persons  which  were  sent  abroad  in 
accordance with Article 12 work in the construction sector. The share of PDs A1 issued 
under  Article  12  in  total  employment  of  the  construction  sector  amounted  to  some 
5%.  Some  6  out  of  10  employed  persons  in  the  Slovenian  construction  sector  were 
sent abroad to provide services. From the perspective of the receiving Member State, 
mainly  in  the  construction  sector  of  Luxembourg,  Austria  and  Belgium  employment 
under  Article  12  is  an  important  type  of  employment.  Furthermore,  an  equivalent  of 
0.4% of EU employment, also in FTEs, could be related to the employment of persons 
who  pursue  an  activity  in  two  or  more  Member  States.  This  implies  that  the  work 
volume  of  such  persons  is  almost  twice  as  high  compared  to  the  work  volume  of 
persons covered by Article 12. Half of the A1 certificates issued on the basis of Article 
13  are  issued  to  persons  employed  in  the  road  freight  transport  sector.  When 
confronting the PD A1 data with the employment figures of the road freight transport 
sector,  it  is  observed  that  a  third  to  even  half  of  the  truck  drivers  employed  in 
Luxembourg, Lithuania, Croatia, Poland, Slovakia and Latvia pursue an activity in two 
or more Member States.   

Figure 2 

Share of PDs A1 in national employment, summary, 2017 

l

n
o
i
t
a
u
p
o
p
d
e
y
o
p
m
e

l

l

a
t
o
t
n

i

e
r
a
h
S

0,8%

1,4%

1,2%

1,0%

0,8%

0,6%

0,4%

0,2%

0,0%

1,2%

0,8%

0,6%

0,4%

0,2%

0,4%

0,4%

0,4%

According to Article 12 BR

According to Article 13 BR

Total

Number of forms issued as % of total employed population

Number of individual workers as % of total employed population

Number of workers in FTE % of total employed population in FTE

Source Administrative data PD A1 Questionnaire 2018 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

3.  CROSS-BORDER HEALTHCARE 

Persons  have  different  routes  at  their  disposal  to  receive  cross-border  healthcare. 
They  can  be  treated  under  the  Basic  Regulation  and  its  Implementing  Regulation;  or 
under  Directive  2011/24/EU17;  or  under  their  own  national  legislation.  The  figures 
reported  in  this  chapter  relate  to  cross-border  healthcare  provided  under  the 
Coordination Regulations.  

Cross-border  healthcare  within  the  EU  can  be  defined  as  a  situation  in  which  the 
insured person receives healthcare in a Member State other than the Member State of 
insurance (i.e. competent Member State). Three cross-border healthcare situations are 
identified and regulated in the Coordination Regulations. (1) There is unplanned cross-
border  healthcare  when  necessary  and  unforeseen  healthcare  is  received  during  a 
temporary  stay  outside  the  competent  Member  State.  (2)  Planned  cross-border 
healthcare  may  be  received  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent  Member 
State.  Finally,  (3)  persons  who  reside  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent 
Member State are also entitled to receive healthcare. 

This  chapter  on  cross-border  healthcare  aggregates  separate  data  on  cross-border 
healthcare  collected  within  and  outside  the  Administrative  Commission.  Within  the 
framework  of  the  Administrative  Commission  four  thematic  questionnaires  on  cross-
border  healthcare  were  launched  in  2018  (on  unplanned  necessary  cross-border 
healthcare (EHIC), on planned cross-border healthcare (PD S2), on the entitlement to 
and  use  of  sickness  benefits  by  persons  residing  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the 
competent  Member  State  (PD  S1)  and  finally  on  the  monitoring  of  healthcare 
reimbursement  in  Member  States  which  have  opted  to  claim  reimbursement  on  the 
basis  of  fixed  amounts.  In  addition,  outside  the  framework  of  the  Administrative 
Commission  very  interesting  data  are  available  as  well.  For  instance,  based  on  the 
Audit  Board’s  report,  data  are  available  on  outstanding  claims  concerning  sickness 
benefits in kind and benefits in kind with respect to accidents at work and occupational 
diseases.  Especially  figures  on  the  annual  financial  flow  of  claims  introduced  or 
received  by  Member  States  are  highly  useful  to  estimate  the  budgetary  impact  of 
cross-border  healthcare  on  total  healthcare  spending  related  to  benefits  in  kind. 
However,  some  of  the  data’s  limitations  have  to  be  reported.  Firstly,  the  year  of  the 
provision of the cross-border treatment and the year of the reimbursement claim may 
differ.  Secondly,  the  Audit  Board  only  has  a  view  on  the  reimbursement  of  claims  of 
cross-border  healthcare  between  Member  States  and  not  on  the  reimbursement  of 
claims between patients and Member States. Finally, more detailed information on the 
type  of  care  provided  (medical  care,  medicine  care,  long-term  care  etc.)  or  on  the 
type of cross-border healthcare (planned, necessary during a temporary stay, residing 
abroad) is not available. 

3.1.  General overview – Budgetary impact of cross-border 

healthcare 

Based on Figure 3 two main conclusions can be made. Firstly, the budgetary impact of 
cross-border  healthcare  on  total  healthcare  spending  related  to  benefits  in  kind  is 
rather limited as it amounts to 0.4% of total healthcare spending related to benefits in 
kind. Secondly, the budgetary impact varies among the different types of cross-border 
healthcare. Healthcare provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State (i.e.  cross-border workers  or pensioners) amounts to 0.3% 

17 Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of 
patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare (OJ L 88, 4.4.2011, p. 45). 

15 

 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

of total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind. Unplanned healthcare amounts 
to  0.1%  and  planned  healthcare  to  0.03%  of  total  healthcare  spending  related  to 
benefits in kind. 

Figure 3 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, 2017 

0,45%

0,40%

0,35%

0,30%

0,25%

0,20%

0,15%

0,10%

0,05%

0,00%

l

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0,4%

0,3%

0,1%

0,03%

Unplanned healthcare Healthcare provided to
persons living in a MS
other than the
competent MS

Planned healthcare

Total cross-border
healthcare

Source  Administrative  data  2018  EHIC  Questionnaire,  PD  S2  Questionnaire,  PD  S1  Questionnaire, 
EUROSTAT ESSPROS sickness/health care function [spr_exp_fsi] (figure 2015) 

 3.1.1 From a debtor’s perspective  

The  budgetary  impact  varies  strongly  among  Member  States  (Figure  4).  For  17 
Member States, the share of cross-border healthcare expenditure is less than 0.5% of 
total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind. The budgetary impact is between 
0.5%  and  1%  for  nine  Member  States.  Finally,  Luxembourg,  Bulgaria,  Cyprus, 
Romania and Latvia show a cross-border healthcare  expenditure  of more than 1%  of 
their total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind. 

Figure 4 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by competent Member State, 2017 

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3,0%

2,5%

2,0%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,0%

G
B

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*
*

K
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A

* Calculated based on the amount of claims introduced in 2017. 
** Luxembourg: Cross-border healthcare amounts to 16% of the healthcare spending in kind.   
Source  Administrative  data  2018  EHIC  Questionnaire,  PD  S2  Questionnaire,  PD  S1  Questionnaire,  EUROSTAT 
ESSPROS sickness/health care function [spr_exp_fsi] (figure 2015 for all Member States except PL, for which figure 
of 2014 is used), Administrative data Audit Board 2018 (Jonathan Olsson Consulting) 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Especially  the  competent  EU-13  Member  States  show  a  higher  relative  cross-border 
expenditure compared to the competent EU-15 Member States. The current provisions 
under the Regulations (i.e. full reimbursement by the competent Member State of the 
costs of medical treatments provided by the Member State of treatment in accordance 
with  the  tariffs  of  the  Member  State  of  treatment  and  not  of  the  competent  Member 
State)  result  in  a  higher  financial  burden  of  cross-border  healthcare  on  total  health 
expenditure  in  the  competent  Member  States  which  show  a  low  healthcare 
expenditure  per  inhabitant.  This  compensation  mechanism  avoids  a  high  financial 
burden for the patient receiving healthcare abroad. This is especially the case if care is 
provided  by  a  Member  State  with  a  much  higher  expenditure  in  kind  per  inhabitant 
than the competent Member State (Figure 5).  

Figure 5 

Correlation between cross-border healthcare expenditure and total healthcare 
expenditure per inhabitant* 

*  Calculated  based  on  the  amount  of  claims  introduced  in  2017.  LU  not  included,  as  it  is  an  outlier  with  a  16.3% 

cross-border healthcare expenditure and a total healthcare spending per inhabitant of €2,200. 

Source  Administrative  data  Audit  Board  2018  (Jonathan  Olsson  Consulting),  EUROSTAT  ESSPROS  (figure 2015, 
for PL figure 2014) 

Table  1  provides  a  more  detailed  overview  of  healthcare  spending  by  type  of  cross-
border  healthcare.  Most  claims  for  reimbursement  of  unplanned  medical  treatment 
provided by the Member State of temporary stay were received by Germany (€ 228.8 
million). In relative terms, Bulgaria reimbursed more than 1% of their total healthcare 
spending in 2017 to Member States that provided unplanned necessary healthcare.  

With  regard  to  planned  cross-border  healthcare,  the  main  debtors  in  2017  were 
France,  Belgium,  Germany  and  Austria.  However,  also  Luxembourg,  which  has  not 
provided  such  figures,  will  be  a  main  debtor.  In  relative  terms,  the  share  of  planned 
cross-border  healthcare  in  total  healthcare  spending  is  never  higher  than  1%, 
although this can be expected to be the case for Luxemburg.  

Finally,  Germany  paid  € 318  million,  the  Netherlands  paid  € 326  million,  France  paid 
€ 202  million  and  Austria  paid  € 117  million  for  healthcare  provided  to  persons  who 
reside  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent  Member  State.  None  of  the 
reporting  Member  States  had  to  pay  more  than  1%  of  their  healthcare  spending  in 
kind  to  persons  living  abroad.  However,  no  figures  were  reported  by  Luxembourg. 
Between 0.5% and 1% of total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind paid by 
Romania,  Austria  and  the  Netherlands  refers  to  cross-border  healthcare  spending  for 
persons who reside abroad. 

17 

 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table 1 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by type, by competent Member State, 
2017 

Unplanned cross-border 
healthcare 

Amount (in €) 
45,717,383 
29,347,762 
19,617,549 
9,672,883 
228,765,682 
2,962,778 
12,073,874 
6,305,835* 
71,300,473 
116,913,067 
8,085,130 
152,280,221 

2,769,207 
8,942,696 

12,016,807 
592,611 
57,361,225 
36,352,783 
59,145,403 
13,495,464 
49,515,806    
19,472,549 
17,675,212 
10,853,807 
27,473,212 

1,439,657 
974,702 
210,596 

%** 
0.15% 
1.56% 
0.22% 
0.07% 
0.09% 
0.35% 
0.10% 
0.07% 
0.11% 
0.06% 
0.30% 
0.15% 

0.40% 
0.63% 

0.21% 
0.14% 
0.11% 
0.17% 
0.45% 
0.13% 
0.87% 
0.77% 
0.44% 
0.09% 
0.10% 

0.14% 

0.00% 

0.12% 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 

Planned cross-border healthcare  Residing in a Member State other than the 

Total*** 

Amount (in €) 
24,957,971 
11,473,340* 
469,028 
5,593,224 
20,439,696 

4,740,002 
5,228,446 
49,860,395 
6,944,497 
42,853 

3,492,712 
376,237 

3,161,890 
149,497 
17,926,760  
19,653,130 
1,042,450 
465,777 
15,085,076  
2,432,205 
7,324,529 
174,452 

4,436,552 
23,049 

22,323,172* 
2,601,359 

%** 
0.08% 
0.61% 
0.01% 
0.04% 
0.01% 

0.06% 
0.01% 
0.03% 
0.26% 
0.00% 

0.50% 
0.03% 

0.06% 
0.03% 
0.03% 
0.09% 
0.01% 
0.00% 
0.26% 
0.10% 
0.18% 
0.00% 

0.00% 
0.00% 

0.11% 
0.01% 
0.02% 

competent Member State 

Amount (in €) 
  82,810,726    
6,328,137 
17,845,167 
17,335,547 
318,230,169 
868,459 

%** 
0.26% 
0.34% 
0.20% 
0.12% 
0.13% 
0.10% 

Amount (in €) 
153,486,081 
47,149,239 
37,931,744 
32,601,654 
567,435,546 

%** 
0.49% 
2.51% 
0.43% 
0.22% 
0.23% 

14,907,307 

0.17% 

25,953,509 

0.30% 

202,053,650 
2,088,990 
44,305,674* 
6,676 
1,804,186 
3,007,023 

12,127,061* 
124,343 
325,833,450  
116,717,178 
39,716,249 
34,693,659* 
43,283,639  
8,565,395 
7,781,299 
10,394,652 
1,131,474 

0.11% 
0.08% 
0.04% 
0.00% 
0.26% 
0.21% 

0.22% 
0.03% 
0.63% 
0.53% 
0.31% 
0.34% 
0.76% 
0.34% 
0.19% 
0.08% 
0.00% 

368,827,112 
17,118,617 
196,628,748 

8,066,106 
12,325,955 

27,305,758 
866,452 
401,121,435 
172,723,091 
99,904,102 
48,654,900 
107,884,522 
30,470,148 
32,781,040 
21,422,912 

0.20% 
0.64% 
0.19% 

1.15% 
0.87% 

0.49% 
0.20% 
0.78% 
0.79% 
0.77% 
0.48% 
1.89% 
1.20% 
0.82% 
0.17% 

8,984,155 

0.04% 

31,517,923 

0.16% 

0.17% 

0.32% 

* Estimate: imputed data based on data from the Audit Board.  
** As share of total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind. 
***  The  total  amount  and  percentage  of  cross-border  health  care  is  only  reported  for  Member  States  for 
which  all  data  on  the  three  types  of  cross-border  health  care  was  available  after  imputation  of  Audit 
Board data.  

Source  Administrative  data  2018  EHIC  Questionnaire,  PD  S2  Questionnaire,  PD  S1  Questionnaire, 
EUROSTAT ESSPROS sickness/health care function [spr_exp_fsi] (figure 2015 for all Member States except 
PL, for which figure of 2014 is used), Administrative data Audit Board 2018 (Jonathan Olsson Consulting) 

Figure  6  shows  each  type  of  cross-border  healthcare  as  a  share  in  the  total  cross-
border  health  care,  for  Member  States  who  were  able  to  provide  data  on  all  three 
types of cross-border health care (with the imputation of data from the Audit Board). 
The Netherlands, Portugal, Austria, Greece, Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, and 
Hungary  mainly  reimbursed  healthcare  provided  to  insured  persons  who  reside 
abroad.  By  contrast,  Italy,  Lithuania,  Sweden,  Malta,  Slovenia,  Bulgaria,  Poland, 
Slovakia,  the  Czech  Republic,  Finland,  Croatia  and  Romania  mainly  reimbursed 
unplanned  necessary  healthcare.  Finally,  planned  cross-border  healthcare  was  the 
highest cost for Norway and Latvia.  

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Figure 6 

Type of cross-border healthcare as share in total, by competent Member State, 2017 

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

NO NL AT EL PT DK BE FR LV DE HU RO HR FI

CZ

SK PL BG SI MT SE

LT

IT

Unplanned cross-border health care EHIC
Residing in a MS other than the competent MS PD S1

Planned cross-border health care PD S2

Source Administrative data 2018 EHIC Questionnaire, PD S1 Questionnaire, PD S2 
Questionnaire, Administrative data Audit Board 2018 (Jonathan Olsson Consulting) 

3.1.2 From a creditor’s perspective  

Also from the perspective of the Member States of treatment, it is useful to know how 
high  reimbursement  claims  are,  as  cross-border  healthcare  might  put  a  pressure  on 
the  availability  of  medical  equipment  and  services.  Cyprus,  Luxembourg,  Croatia, 
Belgium,  Spain,  Austria  and  Slovakia  claimed  a  reimbursement  of  more  than  1%  of 
their total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind (Figure 7). 

Figure 7 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by Member State of treatment, 2017 

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3,5%

3,0%

2,5%

2,0%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,0%

s
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* Calculated on the basis of the amount received in 2017. 
Source Administrative data Audit Board 2018 (Jonathan Olsson Consulting), EUROSTAT ESSPROS sickness/health 
care function [spr_exp_fsi] (figure 2015 for all Member States except PL, for which figure of 2014 is used) 

Table 2 gives an overview of healthcare spending by type of cross-border healthcare. 
Germany,  France  and  Spain  claimed  the  highest  amount  of  reimbursement  for 
unplanned  medical  treatment  provided  as  Member  State  of  temporary  stay.  Despite 
the high amount of reimbursement claimed by these Member States, their budgetary 
impact  on  total  healthcare  spending  remains  rather  limited.  Croatia  and  Austria 
claimed an amount higher than 0.3%  of total healthcare spending related to benefits 
for unplanned necessary healthcare. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

A total amount of more than € 100 million was claimed by Germany related to planned 
cross-border  healthcare.  Furthermore,  by  almost  all  reporting  Member  States  an 
amount  lower  than  0.1%  of  total  healthcare  spending  related  to  benefits  in  kind  was 
claimed for planned cross-border healthcare, with the exception of Cyprus, Austria and 
Lithuania.  

France,  Belgium,  Spain  and  Germany  were  reimbursed  the  highest  amount  for 
healthcare  provided  to  persons  who  are  insured  in  another  Member  State.  France 
received  €  647  million,  Belgium  received  €  488  million,  Spain  received  € 479  million 
and Germany received € 447 million. By Belgium and Croatia, an amount higher than 
1% of total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind was claimed related to the 
reimbursement of healthcare provided to persons who are insured in another Member 
State. 

Table 2 

Budgetary impact of cross-border healthcare, by type, by Member State of 
treatment, 2017 

Unplanned cross-border 
healthcare 

Planned cross-border healthcare 

Residing in a Member State other than 
the competent Member State 

Total*** 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 

Amount (in €) 
87,580,915 
1,615,803 
13,050,021 
2,149,596 
221,466,274 
1,131,312 
1,636,829 
15,067,876* 
189,362,735 
168,150,652 
14,449,124 
117,577,987 
76,688 
273,860 
780,442 

4,267,826 
993,982 
54,762,440  
115,922,749 
24,221,285 
25,859,771 
1,020,164    
4,270,674 
3,949,391 
5,024,910 
25,581,038 

%** 
0.28% 
0.09% 
0.15% 
0.01% 
0.09% 
0.13% 
0.01% 
0.18% 
0.30% 
0.09% 
0.54% 
0.11% 
0.01% 
0.04% 
0.06% 

0.08% 
0.23% 
0.11% 
0.53% 
0.19% 
0.25% 
0.02% 
0.17% 
0.10% 
0.04% 
0.09% 

2,322,359 

0.23% 

585,127 
70,963,100 

0.00% 
0.18% 
0.13% 

Amount (in €) 
21,417,032 
957 
7,272,822 
115,508 
102,126,864 
358,415* 

88,858 
1,498,514 
22,386,773 
57,206 

16,804,736* 

1,698,859 

440,545 

23,052,773 
509,899 

0 
28,543 
132,088 
326,055 
2,275,243 
9,323,118 
18,400 

296,325 
30,153,886 

%** 
0.07% 
0.00% 
0.08% 
0.00% 
0.04% 
0.05% 

0.00% 
0.00% 
0.01% 
0.00% 

3.27% 

0.12% 

0.01% 

0.11% 
0.00% 

0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.01% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

0.00% 
0.08% 
0.03% 

Amount (in €) 
 488,129,005 
365,907 
30,747,674 
415,653 
447,285,920 
1,083,906 

290,833 
479,103,975* 
646,758,725 
39,220,665 

129,579 
4,877 
435,590 

430,493 
121,007 

 48,985,313    
19,920,939 

 51,405 
13,665,435 
33,075,314 
823,714 
4,078,051 

%** 
1.56% 
0.02% 
0.35% 
0.00% 
0.18% 
0.13% 

0.00% 
0.77% 
0.35% 
1.45% 

0.03% 
0.00% 
0.03% 

0.01% 
0.03% 

0.22% 
0.15% 

0.00% 
0.53% 
0.82% 
0.01% 
0.01% 

Amount (in €) 
597,126,952  
1,982,667 
51,070,517 
2,680,757 
770,879,058 
2,600,633 

15,447,566 
669,965,224 
837,296,150 
53,726,995 

%** 
1.91% 
0.11% 
0.58% 
0.02% 
0.32% 
0.31% 

0.18% 
1.07% 
0.46% 
2.01% 

17,011,003 

3.31% 

2,914,890 

0.21% 

5,138,864 
1,114,989 

0.09% 
0.26% 

 187,960,835    
44,652,124 

0.86% 
0.34% 

1,071,570 
17,964,652 
37,156,793 
6,174,679 
31,934,332 

0.02% 
0.71% 
0.93% 
0.05% 
0.12% 

553,998* 

0.05% 

2,894,756 

0.28% 

650,373 
68,172,181* 

0.00% 
0.17% 
0.32% 

1,531,824 
169,289,167 

0.01% 
0.43% 
0.4% 

* Estimate: imputed data on the basis of data from the Audit Board.  
** As share of total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind. 
*** The total amount and percentage of cross-border health care is only reported for Member States for which all data on the 

three types of cross-border health care was available after imputation of Audit Board data.  

Source  Administrative  data  2018  EHIC  Questionnaire,  PD  S2  Questionnaire,  PD  S1  Questionnaire,  EUROSTAT  ESSPROS 
sickness/health care function [spr_exp_fsi] (figure 2015 for all Member States except PL, for which figure of 2014 is used). 

Slovakia, Belgium, France, Slovenia, Croatia, Spain, the Czech Republic, Germany and 
Norway  mainly  provided  cross-border  healthcare  to  persons  who  are  insured  in 
another  Member  State  (Figure  8).  By  contrast,  Greece,  Romania,  Malta,  Hungary, 
Bulgaria, Finland, Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Poland, Estonia and Switzerland 
mainly provided unplanned necessary healthcare. Finally, Cyprus and Lithuania mainly 
provided planned cross-border healthcare in 2017. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Figure 8  

Type of cross-border healthcare as share in total, by Member State of treatment, 
2017 

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

CY SK BE FR SI CZ LT HR ES DE NO CH EE PL AT SE DK IS

FI BG HU MT RO EL

Unplanned cross-border health care EHIC

Planned cross-border health care PD S2

Residing in a MS other than the competent MS PD S1

Source Administrative data 2017 EHIC Questionnaire, PD S1 Questionnaire, PD S2 
Questionnaire, Administrative data Audit Board 2018 (Jonathan Olsson Consulting) 

3.2.  Unplanned cross-border healthcare 

This section presents data concerning the use  of the European Health Insurance Card 
(EHIC). The  EHIC is proof that a person is an ‘insured person’ within the meaning of 
the Basic Regulation, and it entitles the holder to be treated on the same terms as the 
persons  insured  in  the  statutory  health  care  system  of  the  Member  State  of  stay.  At 
the same time, it is for Member States themselves to determine what tariffs, if any, to 
impose  for  healthcare  treatment.  EU  law  does  not  restrict  Member  States  in  that 
regard,  other  than  the  requirement  that  all  persons  covered  by  the  Regulation  are 
treated  equally.  This  means  that  if  own  insured  persons  have  to  pay,  the  persons 
seeking  treatment  with  the  EHIC  will  have  to  pay  as  well;  and  if  nationals  receive 
reimbursement,  patients  having  shown  an  EHIC  can  also  be  reimbursed.  In  cases 
where  the  national  healthcare  systems  require  payment  for  medical  care  which  are 
reimbursable  by  the  health  insurers,  the  persons  using  an  EHIC  can  claim 
reimbursement  either  in  the  country  of  stay  while  they  are  still  there  or  back  in  the 
country where they are insured. 

Some  236.2  million  EHICs  are  in  circulation.  Strong  differences  in  percentage  of 
insured  persons  with  an  EHIC  exist  among  Member  States  (Figure  9).  For  instance, 
while  in  Italy,  Liechtenstein  and  Switzerland  all  insured  person  have  an  EHIC,  this  is 
only  the  case  for  1.6%  and  4.3%  of  insured  people  in  Romania  and  Bulgaria 
respectively.  These  differences  can  be  explained  by  the  issuing  procedure  and  the 
period  of  validity,  which  the  competent  Member  States  apply.  For  instance,  in  some 
Member  States  the  EHIC  is  issued  automatically,  whilst  others  issue  it  on  request. 
Moreover, the period of validity varies significantly among Member States and extends 
up to a period of 10 years. 

21 

 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Figure 9  % insured persons with a valid EHIC, 2017 

I

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E
d

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l

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v
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%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

T L

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G
B

Source Administrative data EHIC Questionnaire 2018 

The  Implementing  Regulation  describes  two  different  reimbursement  procedures  of 
unplanned  necessary  healthcare  provided  in  the  Member  State  of  stay.  The  first 
procedure  occurs  when  the  person  actually  paid  the  costs  of  the  treatment.  In  that 
case,  (s)he  may,  on  the  basis  of  the  EHIC,  ask  reimbursement  directly  from  the 
institution  of  the  Member  State  of  stay.  The  second  option  is  for  the  insured  person 
who  actually  paid  the  cost  of  the  unplanned  necessary  healthcare  upfront  to  ask  for 
reimbursement from the competent Member State after returning home. The collected 
data  show  that  more  than  nine  out  of  ten  claims  for  unplanned  necessary  treatment 
abroad  are  settled  between  the  Member  State  of  stay  and  the  competent  Member 
State,  and  not  between  the  insured  person  and  the  competent  Member  State, 
indicating  a  widespread  and  routinized  payment  and  reimbursement  procedure 
following the use of the EHIC. 

3.3.  Planned cross-border healthcare 

Planned cross-border healthcare can be received by applying the procedures provided 
by  EU  rules  (the  Coordination  Regulations,  along  with  Directive  2011/24/EU  on  the 
application of patients' rights in cross-border healthcare) or  other parallel procedures 
provided in national legislation or in (bilateral) agreements. 

This section presents data on planned cross-border healthcare on the basis of PD S2. 
This  form  certifies  the  entitlement  to  planned  health  treatment  in  a  Member  State 
other  than  the  insured  person's  competent  Member  State,  based  on  the  procedures 
determined  by  the  Basic  and  Implementing  Regulations.18  However,  the  number  of 
PDs  S2  issued  is  not  necessarily  equal  to  the  total  number  of  patients  who  received 
planned  healthcare  abroad.  Alongside  the  procedures  provided  by  EU  rules  (the  EU 
rules  on  the  coordination  of  social  security  systems  and  Directive  2011/24/EU), 
several  Member  States  reported  the  existence  of  parallel  procedures  for  planned 
healthcare  abroad.  In  some  Member  States,  particularly  in  Belgium,  patient  flows 
abroad  are  larger  under  such  parallel  schemes.  Moreover,  bilateral  agreements  in 
border areas seem to considerably influence the number of persons travelling abroad 
to receive planned cross-border healthcare. 

18 Article 20 of the Basic Regulation and Article 26 of the Implementing Regulation. 

22 

 
 
                                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Most  of  the  reported  PDs  S2  were  issued  by  Luxembourg  (12,658  PDs  S2  issued)  in 
2017 (Figure 10). Based on the data from a receiving perspective by issuing Member 
State Germany provided some 11,661 prior authorisations. In general, about nine out 
of  100,000  insured  persons  received  a  PD  S2.  Only  Luxembourg,  and  to  a  lesser 
extent Austria and Cyprus, show a rather high volume of patient mobility.  

Figure 10  Number of PDs S2 issued and the percentage of insured persons entitled to receive 

planned cross-border healthcare on the basis of a prior authorisation, 2017 

d
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s
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2
S

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14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

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N

Number of PD S2 issued

Out of 100,000 insured persons

*  LU: Luxembourg has issued a PD S2 to 1,467 out of 100,000 insured persons. 
**  Germany  has  not  reported  data  on  the  number  of  PDs  S2  issued.  However,  data  from  a  receiving 

perspective by issuing Member State suggest that Germany has issued more than 11,600 PDs S2. 

*** BE: in case the 13,678 PDs S2 issued for the more flexible parallel procedures are taken into account, 
some 13 out of 10,000 insured persons in Belgium received planned cross-border healthcare in 2017.  

**** For DE, EL and UK the number of insured persons is the number for reference year 2016.  
Source Administrative data EHIC and PD S2 Questionnaire 2018 

The  reported  figures  illustrate  a  very  concentrated  use  of  planned  cross-border 
healthcare within a limited number of EU-15 Member States mostly based on bilateral 
agreements  on  cross-border  collaboration  (LU,  DE,  AT,  BE,  NL  and  FR)  and 
Switzerland.  Approximately  9  out  of  10  prior  authorisations  are  issued  to  receive  a 
scheduled treatment in an EU-15 Member State. Furthermore, proximity seems to be 
an important explanatory variable as roughly 8 out of 10 PDs S2 are issued to receive 
a scheduled treatment in a neighbouring Member State. 

Based on the evolution of the number of PDs S2 between 2013 and 2017 as well as on 
the  qualitative  input  from  Member  States  it  appears  that  in  general  Directive 
2011/24/EU did not have a direct impact on the number of PDs S2 issued by Member 
States. Only in a limited number of competent Member States the average number of 
prior  authorisations  by  a  PD  S2  has  declined  considerably  compared  to  2013.  This  is 
particularly  the  case  for  Luxembourg,  the  Netherlands,  Italy  and  Belgium.  Only 
Belgium and Poland believe that Directive 2011/24/EU had an impact on the number 
of  PDs  S2  issued.  According  to  Belgium,  this  could  be  explained  by  a  stricter 
application of the Coordination Regulations. This is also reflected by a (slightly) higher 
refusal  rate  compared  to  the  last  reporting  years,  which  might  be  an  indicator  for  a 
more  rigorous  application  of  the  Coordination  Regulations  as  a  result  of  the 
implementation of the Directive 2011/24/EU. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

3.4.  Residing in a Member State other than the competent Member 

State 

This  section  presents  data  on  the  number  of  persons  entitled  to  sickness  benefits  in 
kind  and  in  cash  who  reside  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent  Member 
State, and are registered for healthcare in their Member State of residence by means 
of a PD S1 or the equivalent E forms. The healthcare provided in the Member State of 
residence is reimbursed by the Member State of insurance in accordance to the rates 
of the Member State of residence. Furthermore, this group is entitled to cash benefits, 
if  any,  provided  by  the  competent  Member  State  (i.e.  export  of  sickness  benefits  in 
cash).  

Their right to sickness benefits in kind in the Member State of residence is certified by 
Portable Document S1 (PD S1), a certificate of entitlement to healthcare if the person 
does  not  live  in  the  country  where  he/she  is  insured.  The  PD  S1  also  includes  the 
question  whether  the  person  receives  long-term  care  benefits  in  cash.  This  form  is 
issued  by  the  competent  Member  State  and  allows  the  person  to  register  for 
healthcare in the Member State of residence when insured in a different one. The form 
is  issued  mainly  to  cross-border  workers  (and  their  family  members)  and  mobile 
pensioners (and their family members). 

Approximately 1.7 million persons reside in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State, and are registered for healthcare in their Member State of residence by 
means of a PD S1. This implies that on average 0.35% of the insured persons reside 
in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent  Member  State  (Figure  11).  The  main 
issuing  Member  States  of  a  PD  S1  are  Germany,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  the 
Netherlands,  the  United  Kingdom  and  Austria.  Almost  one  quarter  of  the  persons 
insured  in  Luxembourg  reside  in  another  Member  State.  Moreover,  only  for 
Liechtenstein,  Belgium,  Austria,  the  Netherlands  and  Switzerland  more  than  1%  of 
their insured persons reside in another Member State.  

Figure 11  Number of PDs S1 in circulation and the percentage of insured persons residing in a 

Member State other than the competent Member State, 2017 

l

n
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r
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n

i

1
S
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375.000

350.000

325.000

300.000

275.000

250.000

225.000

200.000

175.000

150.000

125.000

100.000

75.000

50.000

25.000

0

E
D

E
B

U
L

5,0%

4,5%

4,0%

3,5%

3,0%

2,5%

2,0%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,0%

s
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I

E L

I

I

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H

E
E

V
L

T
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T
L

L
E

S
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Y
C

As share of total number of insured persons

L
N

T
A

H
C

K
U

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N
Number of PDs S1 issued and still valid

O
R

K
D

Z
C

K
S

L
P

I

G F
B

*  Luxembourg: 24.7% of the insured persons have a PD S1. 
** Liechtenstein: 5.6% of the insured persons have a PD S1.  
** Imputed data for DK, DE, IE, LV, EL, PT, UK, LI and NO based on the receiving perspective by issuing 

Member State.   

Source Administrative data S1 Questionnaire 2018 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

From  the  perspective  of  receiving  Member  States,  most  of  the  persons  with  a  valid 
PD S1  reside  in  France,  Belgium,  Germany,  Spain  and  Poland.  In  relative  terms, 
persons with a valid PD S1 who reside in Belgium and Cyprus represent more than 2% 
of  the  total  number  of  persons  insured  in  these  receiving  Member  States.  In  Spain, 
which  is  one  of  the  main  receiving  Member  State  in  absolute  terms,  the  number  of 
persons with a valid PD S1 represent 0.4% of the total number of persons insured by 
Spain.  

Some  70%  of  the  PDs  S1  were  issued  to  persons  of  working  age  and  their  family 
members  residing  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent  Member  State. 
Furthermore,  some  30%  of  the  PDs  S1  were  issued  to  pensioners  (+  pension 
claimants) and their family members. However, this distribution varies strongly among 
Member States. Most Member States issued the highest number of PDs S1 to persons 
of  working  age.  The  Czech  Republic,  France,  Luxembourg,  Malta,  Austria, 
Liechtenstein  and  Switzerland  even  issued  more  than  nine  out  of  ten  PDs  S1  to 
persons  of  working  age  and  their  family  members.  This  is  in  contrast  to  the  United 
Kingdom,  which  issued  nine  out  of  ten  PDs  S1  to  pensioners  and  their  family 
members.  

About 80% of the total number of PDs S1 for persons of working age and their family 
members  were  issued  by  Germany,  Luxembourg,  Belgium,  Austria  and  the 
Netherlands.  This  reflects  the  high  number  of  incoming  cross-border  workers 
employed in these five issuing Member States. Moreover, some 80% of the persons of 
working age with a PD S1 reside in a neighbouring Member State. Furthermore, most 
of the persons of working age with a valid PD S1 reside in France, Belgium, Germany 
and Poland. 

Finally, almost one out of three PDs S1 for pensioners and their family members  was 
issued  by  the  United  Kingdom.  Furthermore,  32%  of  the  total  number  of  PDs  S1  for 
pensioners  and  their  family  members  were  received  by  Spain.  For  this  group,  only 
33% of the PDs S1 issued for pensioners apply to persons residing in a neighbouring 
Member State of the competent Member State.  

25 

 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

4.  UNEMPLOYMENT 

4.1.  Export of unemployment benefits 

This  section  provides  statistics  on  the  use  of  Portable  Document  U2.  An  unemployed 
person  who  wants  to  look  for  employment  in  a  different  Member  State  than  the  one 
that  pays  the  unemployment  benefit  may  export  this  benefit  for  a  limited  period  of 
time.19  The  PD  U2  grants  the  person  concerned  an  authorisation  to  export  the 
unemployment  benefit  to  another  Member  State  to  seek  work  there  for  a  period  of 
three months. However, the competent Member State may extend this period up to a 
maximum of six months.  

Figures  reported by 29  Member States20 show a total of 30,398 authorisations issued 
in 2017. The overall number  of authorisations issued in 2017 shows a small increase 
compared  to  previous  years.  Germany  (6,482),  the  Netherlands  (4,793),  Switzerland 
(3,108),  France  (2,700)  and  Denmark  (2,169)  issued  most  PDs  U2  (Figure  12). 
Furthermore, Poland (8,756), France (2,220) and Spain (2,025) registered the highest 
number of jobseekers on the basis of a PD U2. Almost 8 out of 10 authorisations were 
issued  by  EU-15  Member  States  and  almost  half  of  the  authorisations  were  received 
by EU-13 Member States. 

The mobility of jobseekers looking for work abroad on the basis of a  PD U2 is  rather 
limited  observing  that  a  PD  U2  was  issued  for  approximately  2  out  of  1,000 
unemployed persons, and a median value of 256 PDs U2 issued. This might partly be 
the result of a lack of awareness and knowledge about the EU provisions on the export 
of unemployment benefits. Only Switzerland, Norway, Luxembourg, Denmark and the 
Netherlands show a relatively higher mobility of jobseekers with a PD U2 (more than 1 
in 100 insured persons) (Figure 12). Moreover, the ‘export rate’ in the EU-15 is much 
higher  compared  to  that  of  the  EU-13.  From  a  receiving  perspective,  the  number  of 
jobseekers with a PD U2 is much higher in the EU-13 compared to the EU-15. 

Figure 12  Number of PDs U2 issued and the share of unemployed persons who exported their 

unemployment benefit (out of 1,000 unemployed persons), 2017 

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

d
e
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DE NL CH FR DK NO ES AT BE IE PT IT LV UK LU SE CZ LT PL HR BG EE CY SI HU ROMT EL

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

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Number of PDs U2 issued

Out of 1,000 unemployed persons who have exported their unemployment benefit

* Switzerland: some 21 out of 1,000 unemployed persons received a PD U2. 
Source Administrative data U2 Questionnaire 2018 

19 Article 64 of the Basic Regulation. 
20 No figures were provided by Greece, Iceland and Liechtenstein. 

26 

 
 
                                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

The export rules are not applied uniformly across the EU. It appears that almost half 
of the Member States do not provide an extension: 

  Three  months,  no  extension:  Cyprus,  Denmark,  Finland,  France,  Croatia, 
Greece, Sweden, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, 
Iceland and Norway; 

  Three  months,  possibility  to  extend:  Austria,  Belgium,  Bulgaria,  Spain, 
Germany,  Luxembourg,  Romania,  Estonia,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Slovenia, 
Slovakia, Poland and Portugal; 

  Six months by default: the Czech Republic and Malta. 

Some  11.5%  of  the  authorisations  were  prolonged.  Furthermore,  it  should  be  noted 
that  2%  of  the  PDs  U2  were  immediately  issued  for  a  period  of  more  than  three 
months.    

Roughly  1  in  10  of  the  unemployed  persons  with  a  PD  U2  found  work  abroad.  There 
seem to be low success rates for the Netherlands as one of the main sending Member 
States  and  Poland  as  the  main  receiving  Member  State  (Figure  13).  The  highest 
success rates are observed for unemployed persons coming from Slovakia, Latvia and 
the Czech Republic. From a receiving perspective, especially unemployed persons who 
moved to Malta, Switzerland, Cyprus and Luxembourg found work there. 

Figure 13  Percentage of unemployed persons with a PD U2 who found work, by sending and 

receiving Member State, 2017 

e
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50%
45%
40%
35%
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25%
20%
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10%
5%
0%

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A

As sending Member State

As receiving Member States

Source Administrative data PD U2 Questionnaire 2018 

A  prolongation  of  the  export  period  seems  to  result  in  a  higher  percentage  of 
unemployed  persons  finding  employment  abroad.  For  the  eight  reporting  issuing 
Member States that are granting a prolongation, the success rate during the first three 
months amounted to 10.1%, the  success rate during the prolonged period amounted 
to 8.8% and the total success rate amounted to 12.9%. 

Finally,  only  9%  of  the  persons  return  to  the  competent  Member  State  before  the 
period  during  which  the  unemployment  benefit  is  retained  expires.  These  figures 
suggest  that  a  high  number  of  unemployed  persons  stay  abroad  even  if  they  are  no 
longer entitled to an unemployment benefit from the competent Member State. 

27 

 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

4.2.  Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

As a principle, unemployed mobile workers will claim benefits in the Member State of 
last  activity.  In  some  cases,  a  mobile  worker’s  period  of  insurance,  employment  or 
self-employment  is  insufficient  to  be  entitled  to  an  unemployment  benefit.  In  that 
case,  additional  periods  completed  by  the  person  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the 
competent  Member  State  (i.e.  the  Member  State  of  last  activity)  are  required.21  The 
PD U1 certifies periods of insurance, employment or self-employment completed by a 
worker  in  another  Member  State  that  are  to  be  taken  into  account  for  the  award  of 
unemployment benefits. The PD U1 is issued to the worker, on his or her request, by 
the  institution  of  the  Member  State  where  the  person  completed  the  periods  of 
insurance, employment or self-employment. It should be noted that a migrant worker 
becomes  subject  to  the  legislation  of  a  Member  State  as  soon  as  he  or  she  starts  to 
work there22 (leaving aside the special case of posting). Hence, the aggregation rules 
become fully applicable as from that moment.  

Not  only  the  number  of  new  intra-EU  movers,23  their  risk  of  becoming  unemployed24 
and  the  period  of  insurance,  employment  or  self-employment  completed  by  these 
mobile  persons  in  the  Member  State  of  last  activity  will  determine  the  number  of 
PDs U1  or SEDs U002  requested by the competent Member States and issued by the 
former  Member  States  of  insurance,  employment  or  self-employment  (i.e.  issuing 
Member  States)  but  also  the  qualifying  period,  which  varies  significantly  across 
Member States.25 Nonetheless, many Member States apply a qualifying period of some 
12 months.  

In total 43,901 cases reported by 28 Member States26 for reference year 2017 concern 
unemployed  mobile  workers  whose  period  of  insurance,  employment  or  self-
employment  completed  in  the  Member  State  of  last  activity  was  insufficient  to  be 
entitled  to  an  unemployment  benefit.  This is  equal to  an  estimated  share  of  0.3%  of 
the total unemployment figure in those Member States and to 2.7% of the annual flow 
of intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers of working age to these Member States.  Most  cases 
concern  Bulgaria  (11,973)  and  France  (7,347)  as  the  Member  State  of  last  activity 
(Figure  14).  However,  only  in  Bulgaria,  Switzerland,  Lithuania,  Austria  and  Hungary 
more than 1% of the unemployed persons had to rely on the principle of aggregation 
of periods. 

A higher percentage of new intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers to the EU-13 (8.8% of the 
total flow of intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers of working age to the EU-13 in 2017) had 
to  rely  on  the  principle  of  aggregation  of  periods  compared  to  new  intra-EU/EFTA 
mobile workers to the EU-15 (1.6% of the total flow of intra-EU/EFTA mobile workers 
of  working  age  to  the  EU-15  in  2017)  or  the  EFTA  (2.4%  of  the  total  flow  of  intra-
EU/EFTA mobile workers of working age to the EFTA in 2017). 

21 Article 61 of the Basic Regulation.  
22 Article 11 (3) of the Basic Regulation.  
23 See Fries-Tersch, E., Tugran, T., Rossi, L. and Bradley, H., 2018, 2017 annual report on intra-EU labour 
mobility, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 
24  In  general,  some  11%  of  the  new  EU-28/EFTA  movers  (=  <  1  year  of  residence)  were  unemployed  in 
2013 (De Wispelaere, F. and Pacolet, J., 2015, Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits. Analysis 
of the economic impact of the options, Network Statistics FMSSFE, European Commission. 
25 See the MISSOC tables for more detailed information. 
26 No data available for Ireland, Greece, Iceland and Liechtenstein. 

28 

 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Figure 14 

The number of aggregations of periods in case of unemployment, as a percentage of 
the total number of unemployed persons, by competent Member State, 2017 

14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0

d
e
v
i
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c
e
r
1
U
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b
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G
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A

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I

U S
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U

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Y
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V
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I

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3,0%

2,5%

2,0%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,0%

e
g
a
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e
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A

1
U
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o
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g
a
t
n
e
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r
e
P

Cases of aggregation (number of PDs U1 received)

Percentage of unemployed persons with a PD U1

*Bulgaria: some 5.8% of unemployed persons have a PD U1 
**SI, DE and CY: no data available on percentage of unemployed persons with a PD U1.  
Source Administrative data PD U1 Questionnaire 2018  

The fact that many cases of aggregation were applied by Member States of the EU-13 
as  Member  State  of  last  activity  (46%  of  total  cases)  and  also  that  in  most  cases  a 
Member State of the EU-15 was the Member State of origin (82% of total cases) could 
be  an  indication  of  return  migration.  In  most  cases,  the  insufficient  period  of 
insurance, employment or self-employment was aggregated with an additional period 
completed in the United Kingdom and Germany. 

In roughly seven out of ten  cases of aggregation, a period of insurance, employment 
or  self-employment  of  more  than  three  months  was  already  completed  by  the 
unemployed mobile worker in the Member State of last activity (Figure 15). This is an 
indication  that  only  for  a  minority  of  cases,  new  mobile  workers  who  became 
unemployed  worked  for  a  very  short  period  in  the  last  Member  State  of  activity. 
Moreover,  the  number  of  cases  whereby  a  period  of  more  than  three  months  was 
already completed in the Member State of last activity accounts for 81% of the cases 
for EU-13 Member States of origin and for 56% of the cases for EU-15 Member States 
of origin. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Figure 15  Aggregation of periods in case of unemployment by length of insurance, 

employment or self-employment in Member State of last activity, by competent 
Member State, 2017 

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

K
D

E
S

S
E

L
N

R
F

I

T F
P

E
B

E
D

T
A

U
L

Z
C

I

E S
E

U
H

V
L

O
R

K
S

L
P

Y
C

R
H

G
B

T
M

O
N

H
C

3
1
-
U
E

5
1
-
U
E

A
T
F
E

l

a
t
o
T

EU-15

Less than 30 days

3 months and more

Total - Less than 3 months

EU-13

EFTA

Total

More than 1 month but less than 3 months

Total - Less than 30 days

Source Administrative data PD U1 Questionnaire 2018

30 

 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

5.  FAMILY BENEFITS 

When  family  members  live  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  one  where  the  mobile 
person works and/or resides27, family benefits can in some cases be exported to these 
family  members.  As  the  entitlement  to  family  benefits  might  arise  in  more  than  one 
Member  State  (based  on  employment,  receipt  of  a  pension  or  residence)  Article  68 
lays down priority rules in order to define the ‘primarily competent Member State’. In 
this respect, rights available on the basis of (self-)employment have  priority.28 When 
there  is  employment  in  two  different  Member  States,  it  is  the  Member  State  of 
residence  of  the  children29  that  will  become  primarily  competent  for  the  payment  of 
the  family  benefits.  However,  a  Member  State  might  have  to  pay  a  supplement 
(corresponding to the difference between the two family benefits) as the ‘secondarily 
competent  Member  State’  if  the  family  benefit  paid  by  the  primarily  competent 
Member State is lower than the family benefit the person entitled would have received 
from the secondarily competent Member State.30 The number of family benefits being 
exported abroad is mainly influenced by the number of incoming cross-border workers 
(i.e.  working  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  Member  State  of  residence)  and  the 
number of other mobile persons without family reunification (i.e. working and residing 
in a Member State other than their family members).  

In total 22 Member States were able to provide data on the export of family benefits 
of  which  11  Member  States  made  a  more  detailed  distinction  between  their  primary 
and secondary competences.31 Due to the limited number of reporting Member States 
it follows that some caution is required when drawing general conclusions. 

Switzerland,  Luxembourg,  Germany  and  Austria  are  the  main  exporting  Member 
States  of  family  benefits.  This  is  mainly  the  result  of  the  higher  number  of  cross-
border workers in these Member States. Most of the households that received a family 
benefit from abroad live in France and Poland. For France, this is mainly the result of 
the high number of cross-border workers employed in Luxembourg and in Switzerland. 
These  are  also  the  main  flows  of  family  benefits  paid  in  another  Member  State. 
Moreover, the flows of export from Germany to Poland, from Luxembourg to Belgium, 
from  Luxembourg  to  Germany,  from  Belgium  to  France,  from  the  Netherlands  to 
Poland, from the UK to Poland, from Germany to France and from Austria to Hungary 
are  considerable.  It  shows  that  the  export  and  import  of  family  benefits  is  strongly 
concentrated among a limited number of (neighbouring) Member States. 

The  impact  of  the  export  of  family  benefits  in  terms  of  persons  involved  and 
expenditure is quite limited for most of the Member States (Figure 16). Luxembourg is 
certainly an ‘outlier’ with regard to the export of family benefits, as some 48% of the 
public spending on family benefits is being exported abroad. Austria paid 6.2% of its 
family  benefits  to  households  living  in  another  Member  State,  amounting  to  5.4%  of 
its  public  spending  on  family  benefits.  Belgium,  Slovakia,  Poland,  Norway  and  the 
Netherlands  exported  between  1%  and  2%  of  their  family  benefits,  while  Estonia, 
Ireland, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Finland and the Czech Republic exported between 
0.1%  and  1%  of  their  family  benefits.  Finally  Croatia,  Greece,  Lithuania,  Malta  and 
Spain  paid  less  than  0.1%  of  their  family  benefits  to  households  residing  in  another 

27  Mainly  cross-border  workers  (working  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  Member  State  where  they  and 
the child(ren) reside) and migrant workers who work and reside in a Member State other than the Member 
State of residence of the child(ren). 
28 Article 68 (1)(a) of the Basic Regulation. 
29 Article 68 (1)(b)(i) of the Basic Regulation. 
30 Article 68 (2) of the Basic Regulation. 
31 Italy reported figures for reference year 2016. These figures are not included in the report.  

31 

                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Member  State.  With  regard  to  these  data  on  the  number  of  persons  residing  abroad 
and expenditure involved, it should be noted that no distinction is made between the 
own nationals of the relevant Member State and other EU-nationals. The percentages 
mentioned  above  thus  include  all  recipients  of  family  benefits  who  reside  abroad 
(including the own nationals of the competent Member State). 

Figure 16 

The share of the export of family benefits in the total number of family benefits paid 
by the reporting Member State, 2017 

10,0%
9,5%
9,0%
8,5%
8,0%
7,5%
7,0%
6,5%
6,0%
5,5%
5,0%
4,5%
4,0%
3,5%
3,0%
2,5%
2,0%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,0%

LU AT

SE

BE

SK NO PL

NL

IE

LV

FI

PT

RO EE UK

CZ

HR

EL

ES

CY

LT

As % of total expenditure on family benefits

As % of total number of persons entitled

As % of total number of family members involved

*  Luxembourg: 55% of persons insured in Luxembourg export their family benefit. 48% of the public 

spending on family benefits is being exported abroad. 

**Sweden: 12% of the total expenditure on ‘surviving children’s allowance’ is exported. This is not the 

main family benefit in Sweden as ‘only’ 12,694 households received this benefit in 2017. A child benefit 
(Barnbidrag) is paid to 1,420,416 households. However, no figures are available on the export of the 
‘Barnibedrag’. 

Source Administrative data Questionnaire on the export of family benefits 2018 

Compared  to  2016,  total  spending  related  to  the  export  of  family  benefits  mainly 
increased  in  Poland  (change  in  absolute  terms  and  relative  terms).  Furthermore, 
Estonia,  Slovakia,  Belgium,  Latvia  and  the  Czech  Republic  show  a  (much)  higher 
spending  for  2017  compared  to  2016.  Both  Luxembourg  and  Austria,  which  are  the 
main  exporting  Member  States,  had  to  pay  a  lower  amount  compared  to  2016.  The 
amount  paid  by  Luxembourg  was  € 29.2  million  lower  compared  to  2016  and  for 
Austria it was some € 19.4 million lower.32 For both Member States, it is also useful to 
look at the evolution of the relative impact in total spending.  

The total number of family benefits being exported and the amount it represents is the 
result  of  the  Member  State  being  primarily  or  secondarily  competent.  The  number  of 
mobile  persons  working/residing in  a  Member  State  other  than  their  family  members 
(i.e. ’reference group’), the priority rules as well as differences in eligibility criteria and 
the  amount  of  family  benefits  will  determine  the  number  of  exports  and  the  related 
expenditure as primarily  or secondarily competent Member State to a high extent.  It 
follows  that  the  context  will  vary  between  Member  States.  Belgium,  the  Czech 
Republic, Spain, Croatia, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Iceland mainly paid 
family  benefits  as  primarily  competent  Member  State,  while  Estonia,  Austria  and 
Slovakia mainly paid family benefits as secondarily competent Member State.  

32  The  higher  figure  for  Austria  in  2016  was  also  due  to  a  number  of  overdue  payments  completed  for 
previous years. Hence, total expenditure may vary among reference year.  

32 

 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

6.  MATERNITY AND EQUIVALENT PATERNITY BENEFITS IN 

CASH 

Parents  residing  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  Member  State  where  they  are 
insured  (i.e.  competent  Member  State)  are  entitled  to  maternity  and  equivalent 
paternity  benefits  in  cash  provided  by  the  competent  Member  State  (i.e.  export  of 
maternity and  equivalent paternity allowances). As a general  rule, these benefits are 
always paid according to the legislation of the competent Member State, regardless of 
the  Member  State  of  residence.  Data  relating  to  the  export  of  maternity  and 
equivalent paternity allowances was collected in the context of EU legislation on social 
security coordination. Although the overall response rate improved with respect to last 
year, the image presented in this summary is still incomplete. Therefore, some caution 
is advised when interpreting the data. 

Based on the available data, Luxembourg and Switzerland stand out when it comes to 
the  export  of  maternity  and  paternity  benefits.  This  is  not  a  surprising  observation 
since  both  Member  States  are  characterised  by  substantial  numbers  of  cross-border 
workers.  The  majority  of  these  benefits  for  both  Luxembourg  and  Switzerland  are 
exported  to  France.  Both  Switzerland  and  Luxembourg  have  exported  over  € 40 
million on benefits during the 2017 reference period with Luxembourg even exporting 
over  € 50  million.  The  other  Member  States’  expenditures  follow  by  a  distance 
(Figure 17).  The  share  of  the  benefits  paid  to  persons  residing  in  another  Member 
State  than  the  competent  one  is  the  highest  in  Luxembourg  (some  four  out  of  ten 
maternity benefits are  exported), Liechtenstein (11.0%), Switzerland (6.5%),  Austria 
(2.4%)  and  Belgium  (1.8%).  The  weighted  average  share  for  the  reporting  Member 
States is 1.1% for total expenditure.  

Figure 17 Amount of exported maternity and equivalent paternity benefits, as a share of the total 

expenditure on maternity and equivalent paternity benefits, 2017 

)
€
n
i
(

s
t
i
f
e
n
e
b
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A

50.000.000

45.000.000

40.000.000

35.000.000

30.000.000

25.000.000

20.000.000

15.000.000

10.000.000

5.000.000

0

U
L

H
C

K
D

O
N

E
B

T
A

L
N

I
F

E
I

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F

I

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P

U
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S
E

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S

E
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15%

13%

11%

9%

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A

Amount of exported maternity and equivalent paternity benefits (in €)

Share in total expenditure on maternity and equivalent paternity benefits

*  Luxembourg exported an amount of € 52,826,799, which is equivalent to 42% of its total expenditure on 

maternity and equivalent paternity benefits.  

Source Administrative data Questionnaire on the export of maternity and equivalent paternity 
benefits 2018 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

7.  OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS’ AND INVALDITY PENSIONS 

Persons  are  entitled  to  a  partial  pension  from  every  Member  State  where  they  were 
insured  for  at  least  one  year,  provided  that  the  conditions  under  national  law  are 
fulfilled. These pensions correspond to the insurance periods completed in each of the 
Member States concerned. 

Figures  on  the  total  number  of  cross-border  entitlements  to  pensions  are  reported  in 
this  section.  Please  note  that  due  to  missing  data  of  some  (large)  Member  States 
some  caution  is  required  when  drawing  general  conclusions.  Nonetheless,  these 
fragmented data give an interesting view on the main and bilateral flows of pensions. 

On average 3.2% of the total number of pensioners reside abroad. Total spending for 
this group of pensioners amounts, however, to ‘only’ 0.9% of the total amount of paid 
pensions.  This  shows  that  the  amount  paid  for  pensioners  residing  abroad  only 
represents  a  partial  pension  as  most  Member  States  mainly  exported  a  pension  to 
pensioners  who  are  entitled  to  a  pension  from  two  or  more  Member  States,  one  of 
which the exporting Member State.  

In  relative  terms,  mainly  Luxembourg,  Austria,  Slovenia  and  Belgium  exported  a 
pension to a relatively high share of persons who reside abroad (some 6% or more of 
the  total  group  of  pensioners)  (Figure  18).  Furthermore,  Sweden,  the  Netherlands, 
Poland, the United Kingdom, Finland and Norway are above the total average of 3.2%. 
Denmark,  Iceland,  France,  the  Czech  Republic,  Cyprus,  Croatia,  Estonia,  Ireland, 
Portugal,  Malta  and  Hungary  are  below  this  total  average  but  above  1%.  Finally, 
Spain, Romania, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Slovakia exported a pension to less than 1% 
of total pensioners.  

Figure 18  Number of pensions and amount paid as Member State of export, as a share of the 

total number of beneficiaries and of total expenditure, 2017 

e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e
/
s
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a
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S

10%

9%

8%

7%

6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0%

U
L

I

T S
A

E
B

E
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I

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T
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G
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K
S

Pensioners

Amount paid

*  Luxembourg: share in total beneficiaries: 46%; share in total expenditure: 27%. 
Source  Questionnaire  on  cross-border  old-age,  survivors’  and  invalidity  pensions  and 
EUROSTAT 

34 

 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Furthermore,  on  average  2.5%  of  the  pensioners  residing  in  one  of  the  reporting 
Member States are  entitled to two or more pensions, one of which from the  Member 
State of  residence. The amount paid to this group of pensioners amounts to 1.6% of 
total pension expenditure. Mainly in Luxembourg there is a high number of pensioners 
who  receive  a  pension  from  two  or  more  Member  States  one  of  which  from  the 
Member  State  of  residence  (Figure  19).  About  1  out  of  10  pensioners  residing  in 
Luxembourg find themselves in such a situation. Furthermore, some 9% of pensioners 
residing  in  Portugal  are  entitled  to  a  pension  from  Portugal  as  well  as  from  one  or 
more  other  Member  States.  However,  the  amount  Portugal  paid  to  this  group  of 
pension  beneficiaries  amounted  to  only  3%  of  the  total  amount  of  pensions  paid  by 
Portugal.  This  shows  that  this  group  of  pensioners  was  mainly  insured  in  a  Member 
State other than Portugal. This is for instance also the case for Austria, in which 6.8% 
of pensioners are entitled to a pension from two or more Member States, one of which 
is Austria, but which amounts to ‘only’ 4.7% of the total amount of pensions paid by 
Austria. 

Figure 19  Number of pensions and amount paid as Member State of residence to pensioners 
receiving a pension from two or more Member States one of which is the Member 
State of residence, as a share of the total number of beneficiaries and of total 
expenditure, 2017 

e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
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/
s
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a
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f
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a
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S

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%

Pensioners

Amount paid

Source  Questionnaire  on  cross-border  old-age,  survivors’  and  invalidity  pensions  2018  and 
EUROSTAT 

The  collected  figures  also  indicate  that  the  average  amount  per  pensioner  is  higher 
when  paid  by  Member  States  of  residence  than  when  paid  by  exporting  Member 
States.  This  suggests  that  pensioners  entitled  to  a  pension  of  two  or  more  Member 
States  have  worked  the  longest  period  of  time  in  the  Member  State  which  pays  a 
pension as Member State of residence. 

35 

 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

8.  FRAUD AND ERROR 

Fraudulent  and  erroneous  cases  might  occur  within  the  application  of  the  social 
security rules. With respect to social security coordination, fraud is defined as “any act 
or  omission  to  act,  in  order  to  obtain  or  receive  social  security  benefits  or  to  avoid 
obligations to pay social security contributions, contrary to the law of a Member State” 
while  error  is  defined  as  "an  unintentional  mistake  or  omission  by  officials  or 
citizens"33.  

launched  within  the 

Figures on fraud and error in the field of EU social security coordination were collected 
through  the  thematic  questionnaires 
framework  of  the 
Administrative  Commission.  However,  only  a  limited  number  of  Member  States 
provided  quantitative  data.  It  follows  that  some  caution  is  required  when  drawing 
general conclusions. These fragmented data nonetheless give an indication of the size 
of fraud and error in the field of EU social security coordination as well as an overview 
of some types of fraud and error. Some of the preliminary findings may be confirmed 
or  perhaps  even  denied  if  a  higher  response  rate  can  be  obtained  in  the  following 
years.  

8.1.  Applicable legislation 

Several infractions of the conditions determined by Article 12 of  the  Basic Regulation 
(i.e. posting) and Article 13 of the Basic Regulation (i.e. pursuit of an activity in two or 
more Member States) have been reported: 

 

  no direct relationship between the posted worker and the employer; 
  no substantial activities in the sending Member State, the employer only makes 
use  of  posting,  inappropriate  statements  of  the  domestic  activity,  letterbox 
companies, etc.; 
falsification  of  documents  (for  instance  false  PDs  A1  or  false  social  security 
data); 
incorrect information provided by the applicant; 

 
  bogus self-employment: wrong status of the person concerned; 
 

circumventing  the  application  of  Article  12:  false  evidence  that  Article  13 
instead of Article 12 should be applied; 
fraudulent use of Article 13(3). 

 

Furthermore,  data  was  reported  on  the  number  of  PDs  A1  withdrawn  by  the  sending 
Member  States  (Table  3).  In  absolute  figures,  the  highest  number  of  PDs A1  were 
withdrawn  by  Hungary  (682  PDs A1).  In  relative  terms  (i.e.  as  a  share  in  the  total 
number of PDs A1 issued) all Member States that provided figures withdrew less than 
1%  of  the  total  number  of  PDs A1  issued  in  2017.  However,  it  is  important  to  note 
that the amount of PDs A1 withdrawn is not the only interesting statistic related to the 
withdrawing  of  PDs A1.  The  reality  is  that  there  are  often  much  more  requests 
between Member States to verify whether the conditions for delivering a PD A1 were 
indeed respected compared to the number of PDs A1 that were eventually withdrawn. 
Thus, it might be interesting to add a question in the questionnaire about how many 
times a sending Member State was asked by another Member State to verify PDs A1 
they issued.  

33  See  the  Communication  from  the  Commission  to  the  European  Parliament,  the  Council,  the  European 
Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Free movement of EU citizens and their 
families: Five actions to make a difference (COM(2013) 837 final. 

36 

 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table 3 

Number of PDs A1 withdrawn, 2017 

Number of PDs A1 withdrawn  
(as competent MS) 
3 
682 
52 
5 
621 
2 

Total number of PDs A1 issued in 
2017 
36,220 
82,881 
103,738 
68,956 
573,358 
293 

Source Administrative data PD A1 Questionnaire 2018 

BG 
HU 
NL 
AT 
PL 
IS 

% of withdrawn PDs A1 in 2017 

0.0 
0.8 
0.1 
0.0 
0.1 
0.7 

Figures  on  the  number  of  requests  to  withdraw  PDs  A1  from  the  perspective  of  the 
receiving Member State were also asked. However, only three countries could provide 
this  figure.  Bulgaria  had  two  requests  to  withdraw  received  PDs  A1,  the  Netherlands 
had one request, and Denmark zero. 

8.2.  Cross-border healthcare 

8.2.1 Unplanned necessary healthcare 

Inappropriate use of the EHIC 

Many  Member  States34  reported  cases  of  fraudulent  use  of  the  EHIC.  Most  of  the 
reported  cases  refer  to  the  use  of  the  EHIC  by  persons  who  were  not  or  no  longer 
entitled  to  healthcare  under  the  national  legislation.  Most  of  the  Member  States  that 
reported  fraud,  also  noticed  the  existence  of  error  with  regard  to  the  EHIC.  Finally, 
Member States were asked whether they were aware of any intermediaries (websites 
or  other)  charging  for  advice  on  application  for  the  EHIC,  which  is  not  allowed.  Only 
Switzerland  reported  they  were  aware  of  a  few  such  cases,  but  could  not  describe 
them in detail.  

A  number  of  Member  States  were  able  to  quantify  the  inappropriate  use  of  the  EHIC 
(Table 4).  Out  of  this  group,  Austria  reported  the  highest  number  of  cases  of 
inappropriate  use.  Those  reported  cases  could  be  compared  to  the  total 
reimbursement  claims.  In  relative  terms,  it  is  Estonia  (2.7%  of  the  amount 
reimbursed)  and  Malta  (7.5%  of  the  amount  reimbursed)  which  are  confronted  with 
the highest impact. However, the total amount involved for the latter one only relates 
to error cases where the claims were marked to be EHIC instead of a PD S2; Malta did 
not report any cases of fraud.  

34  Belgium,  the  Czech  Republic,  Denmark,  Estonia,  Spain,  Croatia,  Italy,  Malta,  the  Netherlands,  Austria, 
Poland, Romania and Switzerland. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table 4 

Number of cases of inappropriate use of the EHIC, 2017 

CZ 
EE 
HR 
IT* 
MT 
AT** 
PL 
RO 
CH 

Total amount 
involved (in €) 

Share in total amount 
reimbursed 

Total number of cases 
identified 
A few hundred 
50 
1 
329 
6 
529 
Several hundred 
290 
A few cases 
*IT:  The  reported  amount  of  total  cases  is  less  than  the  sum  of  fraud  and  error,  and  the 
reported  amount  involved  is  less  than  the  sum  of  amounts  involved  in  fraud  and  error. 
However, the reported total numbers are indicated in this table.  

Share in total number of 
claims paid 
0.23% 
0.74% 
0.01% 
0.18% 
0.39% 
0.46% 
0.29% 
0.61% 
0.01% 

80,750 
2,609 
458,786 
44,623 
233,340 

2.73% 
0.03% 
0.30% 
7.53% 
0.64% 

170,145 

0.34% 

**AT: These are only cases where no up-to-data insurance existed in the competent Member 
State.  However,  they  cannot  be  sure  whether  this  behaviour  was  unintentional  or 
fraudulent.  

Source Administrative data EHIC Questionnaire 2018 

Invoice rejection 

A total number of twelve Member States were able to quantify the number of rejected 
invoices by their institutions or other institutions. Those cases could be compared with 
the total number of claims of reimbursement received or issued by an E125 form. The 
share  of rejected invoices compared to the total claims of  reimbursement received is 
on  average  1.4%  (Table  5).  The  average  share  of  rejections  to  the  total  claims  of 
reimbursement issues is 1.9%. However, these percentages vary markedly among the 
reporting Member States. For instance, about 7% of the claims issued by France were 
rejected and France itself rejected about 4% of the claims it received. Furthermore, a 
higher  number  of  claims  of  reimbursement  issued  by  Germany  (5.3%)  and  Hungary 
(4.1%)  have  been  rejected  by  the  competent  institutions  in  other  Member  States. 
From the perspective of competent Member States, Hungary has rejected 3.6% of the 
claims  it  received  in  2017.  Whereas  most  countries  reported  an  increase  in  invoice 
rejections  from  2015  to  2016,  it  is  now  clear  that  the  percentages  have  decreased 
again. 

Table 5 

Number of rejections of invoices, 2017 

Rejections by 
institutions in 
other countries 

500 
20,800 
5,921 
1,145 
20 
11 
2 
828 
0 
235 
111 

CZ 
DE 
FR 
HR 
CY 
LV 
LT 
HU 
MT 
SI 
SK 
FI 
Total*  

Share of 
rejections in total 
reimbursement 
claims issued 
1.0% 
5.3% 
7.2% 
0.8% 
0.5% 
0.5% 
0.1% 
4.1% 
0.0% 
1.5% 
0.3% 
1-2% 
1.9% 

Rejections in 
2016 

Rejections by 
your institutions 

1.1% 
6.8% 
3.3% 
0.9% 
0.9% 
n.a. 
n.a. 
n.a. 
n.a. 
1.1% 
n.a. 
1-2% 
2.4% 

500 
13,800 
7,570 
340 
0 
43 
30 
790 
5 
405 
121 

Share of 
rejections in total 
reimbursement 
claims received 
1.2% 
2.5% 
3.9% 
2.3% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.3% 
3.6% 
0.3% 
0.7% 
0.3% 
1-2% 
1.4% 

Rejections in 
2016 

1.2% 
2.2% 
2.1% 
5.9% 
n.a. 
n.a. 
n.a. 
n.a. 
n.a. 
2.7% 
n.a. 
1-2% 
2.6% 

* Unweighted average of the reporting Member States. 
Source Administrative data EHIC Questionnaire 2018 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

8.2.2 Planned cross-border healthcare 

Most  reporting  Member  States  are  not  aware  of  cases  of  fraud  and  error  related  to 
planned cross-border healthcare, in particular with regard to the use of PD S2.35 Only 
Denmark,  Austria  and  Romania  reported  some  cases  of  fraud  and  error.  However, 
these  numbers  are  very  small,  as  Denmark  reported  six  cases  involving  € 1,432  and 
Romania  reported  one  case  involving  € 11,184.  Although  Austria  had  a  somewhat 
higher number of 41 cases involving € 59,301, this is an overestimation as it includes 
fraud and error cases involving both PDs S1 and PDs S2.  

8.2.3 Entitlement to  healthcare  by persons residing  in a Member State  other 
than the competent Member State 

Many Member States36 reported that they were not aware of any fraud or error cases 
with  regard  to  PDs  S1.  However,  some  Member  States  did  report  incidents  of  fraud 
and  error.  Spain  has  detected  cases  of  pensioners  insured  in  another  Member  State 
who  are  not  registered  in  the  competent  institution  in  Spain  although  they  have 
received a PD S1. Other occurrences of reported fraud is the use of an EHIC instead of 
a PD S1 or the forgery of a document. Besides fraud, more detailed reasons for error 
were also reported. A common reason was a lack of valid documentation and the fact 
that  a  person  was  not  insured  in  the  country  of  residence.  Furthermore,  a  delay  in 
notifying  the  appropriate  institutions  and  a  long  waiting  period  for  the  necessary 
documents caused some errors. 

Only Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Lithuania and Austria were able to quantify the cases 
of fraud and error (Table 6). In absolute terms, the highest numbers were reported by 
Denmark,  which  had  1,008  cases  of  fraud  and  error,  involving  € 416,573.  In  relative 
terms however, this only amounts to some 2% of the total number of claims paid and 
the total amount reimbursed.  

Table 6  

Number of cases of inappropriate use of PD S1, 2017 

Total number of cases 
identified 
1,008 
5 
5 
13 
41 

DK 
EE 
EL 
LT 
AT 

Total amount 
involved (in €) 
416,573 
1,324 
1,339 
46,797 
59,301 

Share in total number of 
claims paid 
2.12% 
0.24% 
0.05% 
0.36% 
0.01% 

Share in total amount 
reimbursed 
2.40% 
0.15% 
0.01% 
1.56% 
0.05% 

Source Administrative data PD S1 Questionnaire 2018 

8.3.  Unemployment benefits 

8.3.1 Export of unemployment benefits 

In  order  to  receive  the  unemployment  benefit  in  another  Member  State,  the 
unemployed person has to fulfil several conditions before leaving and on arrival. Some 
Member  States  report  that  these  conditions  are  not  always  fulfilled,  which  leads  to 
inappropriate  use  of  the  PD U2.  Both  Norway  and  Greece  reported  that  the  use  of 
PD U2  is  not  well  known  yet,  neither  to  citizens  nor  to  institutions.  This  can  cause 
problems  in  all  stages  of  the  process.  For  instance,  Greece  reported  many  common 

35  This  is  the  case  for  Bulgaria,  the  Czech  Republic,  Croatia,  Cyprus,  Lithuania,  Hungary,  Malta,  the 
Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.  
36 This is the case for the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Hungary, Malta, Romania, Finland, Sweden, 
Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.  

39 

 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

cases  of  inappropriate  use,  including  persons  who  forgot  to  request  the  PD  U2 
beforehand,  persons  who  requested  a  PD U2  even  though  the  unemployment  benefit 
was not  received for at least four weeks in  the  competent Member State,  or persons 
who do not register with the employment services of the Member State of stay within 
seven days. 

Although  the  conditions  to  export  unemployment  benefits  are  not  always  fulfilled, 
almost all reporting Member States are not aware of cases of inappropriate use of the 
PD U2.37  Only  Greece,  Hungary  and  Norway  reported  they  encountered  inappropriate 
use  of  PDs  U2.  Of  these  Member  States,  Hungary  and  Norway  were  able  to  quantify 
the inappropriate use of PDs U2. Hungary reported four cases of error because of false 
information on the form. Norway mentioned approximately 20 cases of fraud where it 
was  revealed  that  the  beneficiaries  had  failed  to  report  on  work  they  had  had  while 
receiving  unemployment  benefits  from  Norway.  Furthermore,  Norway  knew  of 
approximately 150 cases of error, for the reason specified above, namely that people 
experience  a  lack  of  information  or  wrong  information  before,  during  and  after  their 
stay.  

These cases suggest that unemployed persons are not sufficiently aware of their rights 
and duties and highlight the importance of raising awareness. If they are not aware of 
these  rights/duties,  they  might  also  fail  to  assert/fulfil  them  when  they  move  to 
another  Member  State  without  a  PD  U2.  Moreover,  there  is  the  risk  that  even 
competent institutions do not know this right to export unemployment benefits. 

8.3.2 Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Some cases of error and fraud were reported by Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, 
Italy,  Hungary  and  Slovakia  with  regard  to  the  aggregation  of  periods  for 
unemployment  benefits.  In  terms  of  fraud,  some  reported  reasons  were  the 
falsification of documents and people who did not notify the competent authority when 
they  started  working  abroad  in  order  to  keep  receiving  the  unemployment  benefit. 
Reasons  for  error  were  missing  or  wrongly  reported  information  and  a  long  delay  in 
receiving  PDs  U1.  With  regard  to  wrong  information,  Slovakia  specifies  several  cases 
of  differences  in  documents.  For  instance,  they  found  discrepancies  between  the 
confirmed  periods  of  unemployment  insurance  in  documents  issued  at  a  client’s 
request  (PD U1)  and  issued  at  the  institution’s  request  (Structured  Electronic 
Documents). 

Only Bulgaria, Italy and Hungary were able to quantify the number of cases (and the 
amount involved) (Table 7). These cases of fraud and error are then compared to the 
total number of PDs U1 received, which reveals that they are not substantial, as they 
constitute less than 0.4% of total PDs U1 received.  

Table 7 

Number of cases of fraud and error identified in case of aggregation of periods for 
unemployment benefits, 2017 

BG 
IT 
HU 

Number of cases identified 
2 
1 
9 

Amount involved (in €) 

3,200 

% of total PDs U1 received 
0.017% 
0.030% 
0.355% 

Source Administrative data PD U1 Questionnaire 2018 

37  Bulgaria,  Germany,  Estonia,  Ireland,  Spain,  Croatia,  Cyprus,  Latvia,  Malta,  the  Netherlands,  Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and the United Kingdom .  

40 

 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

8.4.  Old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions 

Bulgaria,  Denmark,  Spain,  Cyprus,  Lithuania,  Luxembourg,  Hungary,  Malta,  Poland, 
Romania,  Slovakia,  the  United  Kingdom,  Iceland  and  Switzerland  have  provided 
information on fraud and error in case of the application of the EU provisions on old-
age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions. Of these Member States, Cyprus, Luxembourg, 
Malta and Slovakia reported that they were not aware of any cases of fraud and error 
regarding old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions. 

The  other  Member  States  mentioned  above  reported  two  main  types  of  fraud  and 
error: 

  payment  of  pension  rights  after  the  death  of  pensioners  whose  rights  were 

exported abroad; 

  pensioners submitting false or incorrect information (for instance, incorrect civil 

status, incorrect income declaration, or incorrect statement of address). 

Only  Denmark,  Spain,  Poland,  Romania  and  Switzerland  provided  figures  on  the 
number  of  cases  and  the  amount  involved  in  fraud  and  error  regarding  pensions 
(Table 8). In absolute figures, the number of cases involving fraud and error is rather 
small, with only Spain reporting around 1,000 cases and Poland reporting 792 cases. 
In  terms  of  money  involved  in  these  cases,  Switzerland  reported  that  more  than  € 3 
million was involved. In relative figures however, the impact of fraud and error cases 
is rather small.  

Table 8 

Number of cases of fraud and error identified in case of old-age, survivors' and 
invalidity pensions, 2017 

Total number of cases 
identified 
98 
Approx. 1,000 
792 
50 
306 

DK 
ES 
PL 
RO 
CH 

Total amount involved (in €) 

557,347 

826,140 
101,228 
3,380,487 

Share in total number of 
persons 
0.21% 
1.27% 
0.17% 
0.23% 

Share in total amount 
paid 
0.18% 

0.05% 
0.29% 

Source Administrative data Questionnaire on Old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions 2018 

8.5.  Family benefits 

Several  types  of  fraud  and  error  were  identified  by  Belgium,  the  Czech  Republic, 
Lithuania and Romania in cases where a family benefit is exported abroad: 

  not  informing  (or  informing  very  late)  about  changes  affecting  the  right  to 
family  benefits  (for  instance  hiding  facts  about  employment,  the  income 
situation of the family, or a change of place of residence); 
the  reported  composition  of  the  household  does  not  correspond  with  the  real 
situation; 
fictitious salaried or self-employed activities. 

 

 

Only Malta and Iceland are not aware of any cases of fraud and error, whereas several 
other  Member  States38  reported  they  do  not  have  this  data  available.  This  is  in 
contrast  to  the  Czech  Republic  and  Romania  who  were  able  to  quantify  the  cases  of 
fraud and error (Table  9). Mainly for the Czech Republic, the detected cases  of fraud 

38 Bulgaria, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Poland and Slovakia.  

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

and  error  cover  a  relatively  high  amount  of  almost  € 100,000.  Nonetheless,  these 
cases  of  fraud  and  error  are  ‘only’  9%  of  the  total  amount  exported  by  the  Czech 
Republic.  

Table 9 

Cases of fraud and error in case of export of family benefits, 2017 

CZ 
RO* 

Cases 
176 
1,142 

Amount involved (in €) 
98,484 
379 

% exported cases 
20.4% 
9.3% 

% exported amount 
9.4% 

* RO: only cases of error.  
**  Numbers  reported  by  Belgium  are  not  included  in  this  table,  as  they  provided  information  on 
inappropriate use of family benefits in general, not specifically on inappropriate use concerning the 
export of family benefits.  
Source Administrative data Questionnaire on the export of family benefits 2018 

8.6.  Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits 

Bulgaria,  the  Czech  Republic,  Croatia,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Malta  and  Iceland  are  not 
aware of cases of fraud and error regarding the payment of maternity and equivalent 
paternity benefits. Denmark, Estonia, France, the Netherlands, Austria and Poland did 
encounter  inappropriate  use,  but  only  Estonia,  France,  the  Netherlands  and  Poland 
were able to quantify this information (Table 10). Poland reported the highest amount 
of  cases  (741  in  total,  of  which  718  fraud  cases)  and  the  highest  amount  involved 
(€ 1,551,082).  Although  the  Netherlands  only  reported  three  cases,  the  amount 
involved reached over € 145,000. 

Table 10  

Cases of fraud and error in case of Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits, 2017 

Fraud 

Cases 
4 
54 
3 
718 

Amount involved (in €) 
10,595 
216,300 
146,257 
1,501,592 

EE 
FR 
NL 
PL 

Cases 

39 

23 

Error 
Amount involved (in €) 

155,400 

49,490 

Cases 
4 
93 
3 
741 

Total 

Amount involved (in €) 
10,595 
371,700 
146,257 
1,551,082 

Source Administrative data Questionnaire on maternity and equivalent paternity benefits 2018 

8.7.  Recovery of outstanding contributions and unduly paid 

benefits  

In  the  questionnaire  on  recovery  procedures  Member  States  were  also  invited  to 
report  the  number  of  fraud  and  error  cases  they  encountered.  However,  only  six 
Member States filled out this question, of which three responded it was not applicable. 
Estonia  and  Malta  reported  they  did  not  come  across  any  fraud  and  error  cases 
regarding  recovery  procedures.  Only  Hungary  reported  incidents  of  fraud  and  error, 
albeit  without  any  quantification  possible.  They  did  mention  three  reasons  for  fraud 
and  error,  which  were  the  fraudulent  use  of  life  certificates,  not  notifying  the 
authorities about the death or exact timing of the death of the concerned person, and 
failing to report the actual address.  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

9.  RECOVERY PROCEDURES 

According to Article 76 of the Implementing Regulation, a Member State (the applicant 
party)  may  request  another  Member  State  (the  requested  party)  to  provide  any 
information  which  would  be  useful  in  the  recovery  of  its  claims  relating  to 
contributions  or  to  benefits  paid  or  provided  unduly.  Furthermore,  a  request  by  the 
applicant  party  for  the  collection  of  contributions  and  the  recovery  of  unduly  paid 
benefits  can  be  submitted  to  the  requested  party  (Article 84  of  Regulation  (EC)  No 
883/2004 and Articles 78 to 85 of Regulation (EC) No 987/2009). 

The  statistical  data  provide  more  information  on  the  number  of  requests  for 
information and recovery of outstanding contributions and unduly paid benefits for the 
reference  year  2017.  The  outcome  of  these  requests  (being  refused,  successful, 
unsuccessful or still pending) is reported as well. Only 20 Member States were able to 
provide statistical information about the recovery procedures. As a  result, the overall 
picture should be analysed with the required caution. Moreover, the data provided by 
the  reporting  Member  States  are  sometimes  incomplete  given  that  the  competent 
institutions were unable to provide data for all branches of social security. 

9.1 Recovery of outstanding contributions 

In  2017,  most  of  the  requests  for  recovery  of  outstanding  contributions  were 
submitted  by  Austria  (1,812  requests)  and  Germany  (931  requests),  and  to  a  lesser 
extent,  by  Portugal,  Luxembourg  and  the  Netherlands.  Most  of  the  other  reporting 
Member  States  submitted  no  requests  or  only  a  very  limited  number  of  requests. 
Hungary,  Slovakia,  Austria  and  the  United  Kingdom  received  a  high  number  of 
requests for recovery of outstanding contributions. 

The  outcome  of  the  requests  for  recovery  of  outstanding  contributions  submitted  or 
received  gives  us  an  idea  about  the  number  of  refusals.  However,  most  of  the 
requests  for  recovery  of  outstanding  contributions  submitted  or  received  in  2017  are 
currently still pending. This does not come as a surprise as processing these requests 
is  a  time-consuming  exercise.  Nonetheless,  a  substantial  number  of  requests  for 
recovery are refused by the receiving Member States. This is certainly the case for the 
requests submitted by Sweden and for the requests received by Austria, Denmark and 
Poland.  Finally,  only  Luxembourg  and  Liechtenstein  have  already  successfully  settled 
the majority of cases they received in 2017.   

9.2 Recovery of unduly paid benefits 

Luxembourg submitted a strikingly high number of requests for the recovery of unduly 
paid benefits (6,804 requests), amounting to more than 44% of the total of submitted 
requests reported by the Member States. All these requests for recovery only concern 
unduly  paid  family  benefits.  Furthermore,  the  Netherlands,  Belgium,  Romania, 
Slovakia, Ireland, Poland and Germany also submitted a high number of requests for 
recovery  of  unduly  paid  benefits.  Most  requests  for  recovery  of  unduly  paid  benefits 
were  received  by  Belgium  (2,456  requests),  Poland  (1,074 requests),  Ireland 
(563 requests)  and  Slovakia  (405 requests),  followed  to  a  lesser  extent  by  Portugal 
and Spain, who each received more than 100 requests.  

In general, most of the requests for recovery concern unduly paid family benefits. For 
instance,  all  or  most  of  the  requests  for  recovery  submitted  by  Belgium,  Estonia, 
Ireland, Luxembourg, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Slovakia concern unduly 
paid family benefits. The same holds true for all or most of the requests for recovery 

43 

 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

received by Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, Poland, Romania, Slovakia 
and the United Kingdom. 

Finally, the number of requests for recovery of unduly paid benefits can be compared 
to  the  total  number  of  benefits  paid  within  the  context  of  the  application  of 
Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009. The latter number can be found 
in  the  thematic  questionnaires  launched  within  the  framework  of  the  Administrative 
Commission  for  the  Coordination  of  Social  Security  Systems.  In  Figure 20,  data 
collected  by  the  questionnaire  on  recovery  are  compared  to  data  collected  by  the 
questionnaire  on  the  export  of  family  benefits,  given  that  most  of  the  requests  for 
recovery  of  unduly  paid  benefits  concern  this  branch  of  social  security.  More 
specifically,  the  number  of  requests  of  recovery  submitted  in  2017  is  divided  by  the 
total  number  of  entitled  persons  for  the  export  of  family  benefits.  However,  this 
indicator  is  calculated  only  for  a  limited  number  of  Member  States,  for  which  data 
were available.  

In relative terms (as a percentage of the total number of persons entitled to a family 
benefit),  particularly  Ireland  makes  use  of  the  recovery  of  family  benefits;  the  Irish 
authorities  submitted  a  request  for  recovery  in  respect  of  eighteen  out  of  100  family 
benefits.  Slovakia,  Romania,  Luxembourg,  Belgium  and  the  Netherlands  asked  to 
recover a relatively high percentage of exported family benefits as well. This appears 
to  be  less  the  case  for  Portugal,  Estonia,  Poland  and  Austria.  The  Czech  Republic, 
Spain  and  the  United  Kingdom  did  not  even  submit  a  single  request  for  recovery  in 
2017.  However,  the  reported  figures  should  be  considered  as  an  overestimation  as 
typically  an  eligible  person  is  entitled  to  more  than  one  family  benefit  per  year 
(probably 12 if the family benefit is paid on a monthly basis). On the other hand, the 
request  for  recovery  may  also  relate  to  several  months.  Some  caution  is  therefore 
required  when  drawing  conclusions.  Nonetheless,  these  figures,  together  with  the 
observation that most of the requests for recovery of unduly paid benefits concern this 
branch  of  social  security,  show  that  the  EU  provisions  on  the  coordination  of  family 
benefits might be the most sensitive to fraud and error.  

Figure 20  Requests for recovery of unduly paid family benefits submitted compared to the 

total number of family benefits exported abroad, 2017 

18,2%

s
n
o
s
r
e
p
f
o
r
e
b
m
u
n

l

a
t
o
t
n

i

s
t
s
e
u
q
e
r

f
o
e
r
a
h
S

d
e
l
t
i
t
n
e

20%

18%

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%

9,5% 9,1%

7,8%

5,5%

4,1%

2,5%

1,9%

0,9%

0,1% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%

IE

SK

RO

LU

BE

NL

PT

EE

PL

AT

CZ

ES

UK

Source Questionnaire on recovery procedures and 2017 Questionnaire on the export of family benefits 
2018

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

10. 

GENERAL OVERVIEW 

Table  11  gives  a  general  overview  of  the  use  and  impact  of  the  coordination  rules. 
More  detailed  information  by  Member  State  is  provided  in  the  country  fiches  (see 
Annex II). 

Applicable legislation 

In  2017,  a  total  of  2.8  million  PDs  A1  were  issued.  Compared  to  2016,  the  overall 
number  of  PDs  A1  issued  increased  by  some  22%  and  even  by  93%  between  2011 
and  2016.  The  figures  illustrate  the  increasing  importance  of  PDs  A1  issued  for 
activities  in  two  or  more  Member  States.  The  number  of  individual  posted  workers 
represents 0.4% of total EU employment and the number of individual persons active 
in two or more Member States 0.4% of total EU employment. However, some Member 
States,  and  within  these  Member  States  some  specific  sectors,  in  particular  the 
construction  sector  (under  Article  12)  and  the  road  freight  transport  sector  (under 
Article 13), are confronted with a significantly high percentage of incoming or outgoing 
workers in relative terms.  

Cross-border healthcare 

The  budgetary  impact  of  cross-border  healthcare  by  applying  the  coordination 
Regulations on total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind is rather marginal 
as  it  amounts  to  only  0.4%  of  total  healthcare  spending  related  to  benefits  in  kind. 
Nonetheless,  in  absolute  terms  annual  cross-border  healthcare  spending  amounts  to 
more  than  € 3.7  billion.39  The  budgetary  impact  varies  among  the  different  types  of 
cross-border  healthcare  as  well  as  among  Member  States.  Healthcare  provided  to 
persons residing in a Member State other than the competent Member State amounts 
to 0.3% of total healthcare spending related to benefits in kind. Unplanned necessary 
healthcare  amounts  to  0.1%  and  planned  healthcare  to  0.03%  of  total  healthcare 
spending related to benefits in kind. 

Export of unemployment benefits 

The mobility of jobseekers looking for work abroad on the basis of a PD U2 amounts to 
approximately 2 out of 1,000 unemployed persons. The PD U2 grants the unemployed 
person  an  authorisation  to  seek  work  abroad  for  a  period  of  three  months.  The 
competent  Member  State  may  extend  this  period  up  to  a  maximum  of  six  months. 
These export rules are not applied uniformly across the EU. It appears that almost half 
of the Member States do not provide an extension.  

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

On  average  0.3%  of  the  total  number  of  unemployed  persons  concern  unemployed 
migrant  workers  whose  period  of  insurance,  employment  or  self-employment 
completed  in  the  Member  State  of  last  activity  was  insufficient  to  be  entitled  to  an 
unemployment  benefit.  In  roughly  seven  out  of  ten  cases  of  aggregation  a  period  of 
insurance,  employment  or  self-employment  of  more  than  three  months  was  already 
completed by the unemployed mobile worker in the Member State of last activity. This 
is  an  indication  that  only  for  a  minority  of  cases,  new  mobile  workers  who  became 
unemployed worked for a very short period in the last Member State of activity. 

39 Administrative data from the Audit Board based on the amount of claims introduced in 2017. 

45 

                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Export of family benefits 

The  export  and  import  of  family  benefits  is  strongly  concentrated  among  a  limited 
number  of  neighbouring  Member  States.  The  total  number  of  family  benefits  being 
exported  and  the  amount  it  represents  is  the  result  of  the  Member  State  being 
primarily or secondarily competent. The number of mobile persons working/residing in 
a Member State other than their family members (i.e. ’reference group’), the priority 
rules as well as differences in eligibility criteria and the amount of family benefits will 
determine  the  number  of  exports  and  the  related  expenditure  as  primarily  or 
secondarily competent Member State to a high extent. It follows that the context will 
vary between Member States. 

Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits in cash 

On average, the share of maternity and equivalent paternity benefits paid to persons 
by  applying  EU  legislation  on  social  security  coordination  is  1.1%  of  total  spending. 
However,  for  most  reporting  Member  States  the  share  of  maternity  and  equivalent 
paternity  benefits  paid  to  persons  by  applying  EU  legislation  on  social  security 
coordination is less than 0.5% of total spending. 

Old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions 

On average 3.2% of the total number of pensioners reside abroad. Total spending for 
this group of pensioners amounts, however, to ‘only’ 0.9% of the total amount of paid 
pensions.  This  shows  that  the  amount  paid  for  pensioners  residing  abroad  only 
represents  a  partial  pension  as  most  Member  States  mainly  exported  a  pension  to 
pensioners  who  are  entitled  to  a  pension  from  two  or  more  Member  States,  one  of 
which the exporting Member State. Furthermore,  on average 2.5% of  the pensioners 
residing in one of the reporting Member States are entitled to two or more pensions, 
one  of  which  from  the  Member  State  of  residence.  The  amount  paid  to  this  group  of 
pensioners amounts to 1.6% of total pension expenditure. 

Fraud and error 

On the basis of the data provided by Member States, it can be concluded that most of 
the reporting Member States did not detect cases of fraud and error with regard to the 
EU  provisions  on  planned  cross-border  healthcare,  healthcare  provided  to  persons 
residing  in  a  Member  State  other  than  the  competent  Member  State,  the  export  of 
unemployment  benefits,  the  aggregation  of  periods  for  unemployment  benefits  and 
maternity and equivalent paternity benefits. This is in contrast to the EU provisions on 
applicable  legislation,  unplanned  necessary  healthcare,  old  age,  survivors’  and 
invalidity pensions, family benefits and recovery procedures. 

Recovery procedures  

Overall,  the  number  of  requests  for  recovery  of  outstanding  contributions  is  rather 
limited  for  most  Member  States,  and  most  of  them  are  still  pending.  With  regard  to 
requests  for  recovery  of  unduly  paid  benefits,  most  of  them  concern  family  benefits, 
which shows that the EU provisions on the coordination of family benefits might be the 
most sensitive to fraud and error. 

46 

Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table 11 

The coordination of social security at a glance, 2017 

Number 

As percentage of 
total 
employment, 
insured persons 
or benefit 
recipients 

Indicator 

As 
percentage 
of total social 
spending 

Indicator 

Total number of PDs A1 issued 

2,803,279 

0.8% 

Applicable legislation 

Number of individual persons with a PD 
A1 as % in total EU employed population 

Of which 

* To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

* To persons active in two or more Member States 
according to Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

* Other categories 

1,730,038 

1,025,377 

47,864 

0.4% 

0.4% 

Number of individual persons with a PD 
A1 as % in total EU employed population 

Number of individual persons with a PD 
A1 as % in total EU employed population 

Flow/ 
Total 

Flow 

Flow 

Flow 

Flow 

Reimbursement of unplanned necessary healthcare 

Reimbursement of planned cross-border healthcare 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member 
State where he or she is insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other 
than the competent Member State 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare 
Unplanned healthcare 

Planned healthcare 

0.1% 

0.03% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total health 
expenditure related to benefits in kind 

Flow 

Planned treatment as share in total health 
expenditure related to benefits in kind 

Flow 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent Member State 

1.7 million 

0.4% 

% of insured persons with 

a PD S1 

0.3% 

0.33% 

Stock 

Flow 

Treatment to persons living in a Member State 
other than the competent Member State as 
share in total health expenditure related to 
benefits in kind 

Reimbursement cross-border healthcare as 
share in total health expenditure related to 
benefits in kind 

Flow 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Number 

As percentage of 
total 
employment, 
insured persons 
or benefit 
recipients 

Indicator 

As 
percentage 
of total social 
spending 

Indicator 

Flow/ 
Total 

Number of authorisation to export unemployment 
benefit (PD U2) 

30,398 

Unemployment 
Export of unemployment benefits 

0.17% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 
Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker 
in another Member State that are to be taken into 
account for the award of unemployment benefits (PD 
U1) (only unemployed migrant workers) 

Pensions exported to another Member State 

Pensions paid as Member State of residence to 
pensioners receiving pensions from two or more 
Member States, one of which is the Member State of 
residence 

43,901 

0.3% 

% of unemployed migrant workers with a 
PD U1 

Old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions 

3.2% 

2.5% 

% of the total number of beneficiaries and 
of total 

% of the total number of beneficiaries and 
of total 

0.9% 

1.6% 

% of total expenditure 

% of total expenditure 

Source Administrative data collected within the framework of the Administrative Commission 

Flow 

Flow 

Total 

Total 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

11. 

STATISTICAL ANNEX I APPLICABLE LEGISLATION 

AND BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SECURITY 

Applicable legislation 

Table A1.1  Evolution of the number of PDs A1 issued by sending Member State, 2012-2017 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

Sending 
MS 
BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 
EU-15 
EU-13 
EFTA 
EU-15 
EU-13 
EFTA 

59,832 
11,896 
24,162 
19,592 
243,125 
18,606 
7,799 
1,889 
76,960 
140,805 

83,582 
14,185 
30,912 
25,220 
254,469 
15,927 
7,396 
2,131 
101,705 
130,435 
10,227 
59,114 
2,192 
7,425 
17,342 
32,472 
68,489 
322 
95,719 
42,171 
385,422 
82,851 
51,939 
83,898 
56,442 
6,892 
11,664 
41,049 
277 
548 
n.a. 
19,077 
1,741,494 
976,870 
744,722 
19,902 
56.1% 
42.8% 
1.1% 

52,237 
2,282 
5,402 
14,041 
44,256 
65,182 
327 
84,202 
40,038 
341,100 
55,901 
44,459 
65,871 
48,924 
6,223 
6,152 
43,100 
306 
454 
n.a. 
n.a. 
1,525,123 
882,111 
642,252 
760 
57.8% 
42.1% 
0.0% 
Source Administrative data PD A1 Questionnaires  

79,771 
14,203 
31,675 
20,409 
255,724 
15,054 
7,654 
3,608 
111,557 
125,203 
27,556 
74,431 
1,955 
6,656 
19,208 
62,141 
68,234 
324 
116,060 
48,815 
428,405 
75,577 
57,194 
103,303 
89,494 
6,940 
10,951 
33,092 
245 
646 
3,252 
20,649 
1,919,986 
1,031,933 
863,261 
24,792 
53.7% 
45.0% 
1.3% 

86,218 
15,839 
37,174 
30,031 
240,862 
15,363 
7,899 
4,789 
125,711 
139,040 
38,998 
91,740 
3,091 
7,738 
25,254 
62,947 
63,663 
228 
95,017 
64,373 
463,174 
64,970 
46,871 
126,902 
98,383 
9,369 
12,502 
44,332 
283 
1,239 
3,887 
21,305 
2,049,192 
1,079,800 
942,678 
26,714 
52.7% 
46.0% 
1.3% 

104,307 
19,595 
47,578 
29,595 
260,068 
17,953 
7,339 
6,924 
147,424 
135,974 
42,602 
114,515 
3,552 
10,830 
30,723 
68,725 
65,185 
504 
98,687 
75,132 
513,972 
64,459 
50,855 
164,226 
112,028 
8,155 
11,456 
49,210 
239 
1,343 
4,134 
23,887 
2,291,176 
1,181,970 
1,079,603 
29,603 
51.6% 
47.1% 
1.3% 

134,398 
36,220 
67,933 
37,848 
399,745 
18,977 
7,745 
7,204 
191,148 
111,659 
60,026 
152,528 
4,040 
20,689 
70,180 
73,875 
82,881 
1,388 
103,738 
68,956 
573,358 
85,074 
84,743 
190,976 
112,978 
8,061 
10,710 
49,496 
293 
1,024 
4,097 
31,291 
2,803,279 
1,442,185 
1,324,389 
36,705 
51.4% 
47.2% 
1.3% 

49 

 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.2  Total number of PDs A1 issued by sending Member State, breakdown by type, 2017 

Sending 
MS 

Employed, 
active under 
Article 12(1) 

Sum persons 
active under 
Article 12 

Self-
employed, 
active 
under 
Article 
12(2)

Employed, 
working in 
two or 
more 
States 

Self-
employed, 
working in 
two or 
more 
States 

Working as an 
employed 
person and as a 
self-employed 
person in 
different States 

Working as a 
civil servant in 
one State and as 
an employed/ 
self-employed 
person in one or 
more other 
States 

Sum active in 
two or more 
States 

Civil 
servant 

Contract 
staff 

Mariner 

Flight or 
cabin crew 
member 

Exception 
(Art. 16) 

Sum others 

Total 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 

72,884 
14,713 
9,017 
8,081 
319,332 
6,299 
3,016 
4,192 
103,927 
109,155 
41,065 
116,237 
75 
1,529 
26,462 
58,381 
62,225 
124 
19,231 
45,108 
217,154 
64,200 
46,714 
156,347 
54,883 
3,295 
2,947 
28,084 
91 
8 
1,762 
14,174 
1,610,712 

3,835 
68 
2,293 
169 
12,759 
6 
206 
46 
6,941 
13 
130 
13,495 
6 
100 
86 
305 
648 
21 
3,074 
5,195 
18,682 
120 
19 
7,529 
35,910 
246 
197 
5,696 
71 
24 
338 
1,098 
119,326 

76,719 
14,781 
11,310 
8,250 
332,091 
6,305 
3,222 
4,238 
110,868 
109,168 
41,195 
129,732 
81 
1,629 
26,548 
58,686 
62,873 
145 
22,305 
50,303 
235,836 
64,320 
46,733 
163,876 
90,793 
3,541 
3,144 
33,780 
162 
32 
2,100 
15,272 
1,730,038 

46,906 
20,336 
43,120 
26,981 
55,876 
12,360 
3,600 
2,249 
68,488 
895 
13,224 
18,720 
3,313 
16,978 
43,018 
12,987 
18,681 
776 
71,262 
15,420 
283,445 
19,979 
37,247 
25,150 
19,395 
3,157 
4,610 
7,549 
65 
974 
1,140 
12,461 
910,362 

9,197 
367 
10,583 
427 
2,652 
42 
382 
560 
9,087 
0 
572 
1,316 
52 
135 
11 
285 
298 
24 
7,616 
1,323 
39,325 
30 
112 
1,167 
1,492 
65 
257 
3,838 
17 
n.a. 
216 
849 
92,297 

Source Administrative data PD A1 Questionnaire 2018 

1,140 
403 
1,972 
176 
2,957 
50 
193 
106 
88 
21 
204 
251 
503 
176 
70 
963 
561 
27 
839 
789 
800 
59 
111 
217 
789 
41 
292 
2,438 
4 
1 
451 
887 
17,579 

30 
0 
25 
104 
1,392 
4 
5 
11 
0 
0 
23 
72 
0 
n.a. 
n.a. 
3 
n.a. 
0 
106 
278 
1,429 
2 
0 
25 
20 
51 
1,476 
13 
9 
1 
22 
38 
5,139 

57,273 
21,106 
55,700 
27,688 
62,877 
12,456 
4,180 
2,926 
77,663 
916 
14,023 
20,359 
3,868 
17,289 
43,099 
14,238 
19,540 
827 
79,823 
17,810 
324,999 
20,070 
37,470 
26,559 
21,696 
3,314 
6,635 
13,838 
95 
976 
1,829 
14,235 
1,025,377 

377 
264 
496 
179 
298 
148 
41 
20 
302 
8 
228 
521 
30 
49 
10 
0 
288 
10 
267 
30 
10,717 

359 
504 
345 
432 
355 
465 
25 
10 
111 
1,050 
17,939 

0 
0 
0 
n.a. 
0 
0 
0 
20 
0 
1 
0 
5 
0 
n.a. 
n.a. 
0 
0 
0 
n.a. 
0 
0 

0 
0 
1 
15 
1 
6 
0 
n.a. 
0 
1 
50 

2 
16 
2 
56 
8 
59 
0 
n.a. 
414 
883 
1,491 
0 
50 
768 
507 
0 
0 
401 
499 
1 
34 
4 
122 
0 
0 
202 
240 
90 
2 
n.a. 
45 
71 
5,967 

n.a. 

27 
0 
16 
1,186 
154 
2 
83 

108 
0 
0 
7 
0 
1 
n.a. 
0 
n.a. 
4 
19 
3 
639 
2 
2 
0 
8 
167 
116 
187 
4 
n.a. 
12 
12 
2,759 

n.a. 
53 
409 
489 
4,317 
7 
219 
n.a. 
1,793 
683 
3,089 
1,904 
11 
953 
16 
951 
180 
1 
825 
809 
1,133 
678 
57 
37 
135 
390 
219 
1,130 
5 
6 
n.a. 
650 
21,149 

134,398 
36,220 
67,933 
37,848 
399,745 
18,977 
7,745 
7,204 
191,148 
111,659 
60,026 
152,528 
4,040 
20,689 
70,180 
73,875 
82,881 
1,388 
103,738 
68,956 
573,358 
85,074 
84,743 
190,976 
112,978 
8,061 
10,710 
49,496 
293 
1,024 
4,097 
31,291 
2,803,279 

406 
333 
923 
1,910 
4,777 
216 
343 
40 
2,617 
1,575 
4,808 
2,437 
91 
1,771 
533 
951 
468 
416 
1,610 
843 
12,523 
684 
540 
541 
489 
1,206 
931 
1,878 
36 
16 
168 
1,784 
47,864 

50 

 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.3  PDs A1 issued by Competent Member States according to Article 12 of the Basic Regulation, breakdown by receiving Member State, 

2017 

BE 

BG 

CZ 

2,510 

515 
31 

53 
43 
340 
492 
244 
29 
7,416  5,904  3,776 
13 
1 
41 
35 
28 
204 
114 
821 
178 
2,038 
422 
89 
30,540  1,629  1,049 
143 
420 
6 
24 
152 
5 
49 
18 
603 
643 
128 
9 
192 
61 
307 
278 
139 
421 
0 
0 
53 
76 

93 
1,721 
37 
37 
37 
7,750 
171 
47 
19,123 
785 
445 
360 
173 
78 
146 
116 
440 
2,039 
34 
15 
288 
1,482 

91 
321 
6 
3 
17 
25 
187 
4 
301 
783 
474 
129 
161 
190 
1,604 
184 
403 
321 
8 
18 
105 
272 

DK 

129 
12 
56 

DE 

26,712 
1,192 
4,509 
6,869 

EE 

11 
0 
1 
7 
318 

0 
0 
44 
219 
191 
122 
0 
19 
3 
0 
1 
0 
238 
5 
52 
0 
0 
1 
0 

642 
7 
29 
113 
459 
800 
17 
144 
11 
7 
117 
27 
73 
17 
194 
310 
78 
28 
27 
7 
7 
125 
440 
507 
42 
5 

1,490 
1,718 
1,773 
19,501 
44,117 
1,550 
16,855 
440 
345 
432 
14,633 
3,145 
669 
42,935 
45,475 
8,467 
3,182 
3,594 
1,070 
2,732 
4,418  3,746 
536 
12,806 
4 
14,342 
5 
183 
0 
282 
771 
3,595  4,555 
42,093 
11 
7 

56 
169 

IE 

327 
1 
15 
193 
454 
0 

10 
39 
390 
0 
88 
2 
0 
0 
7 
13 
3 
382 
21 
26 
29 
9 
2 
1 
54 
359 
497 
15 
0 
103 
182 

EL 

ES 

FR 

HR 

IT 

27 
239 
286 

99 
184 
18 
19 

5,693  22,287  1,770  6,743 
250 
226 
465 
1,122 
1,276  1,655 
996 
887 
822 
1,643  17,049  16,057  27,659  14,881 
130 
1,114  1,036 
1,566 
713 
11,862 

4 
23 

99 

8 
56 
37 
121 
719 

40 
278 
1,368 
7,950 
31,157 
933 

106 
524 
6 
222 
239 
2 
2 
12 
11 
16 
517 
20 
23 
32 
152 
3 
42 
20 
32 
140 
44 
2 
4 
92 

4 
16 
13 
171 
236 
5 

31,961 
404 
493 
9,396  10,498  1,441 
99 
113 
123 
5,199 
1,138 
394 

72 
60 
30 
125 
74 
115 
532 
348 
784 
566 
238 
584 
3,698  4,100  1,003  3,035 
1,179  1,360  1,038  7,984 
270 
1,951 
2,256  2,410 
77 
806 
14,256  2,631 
140 
1,773 
1,681  1,583 
2,182 
663 
431 
173 
129 
736 
625 
736 
550 
933 
923 
1,053 
768 
1,472  1,336  1,188 
4,576 
691 
10,426  10,047 
16 
56 
17 
0 
782 
619 
38,390 
129 

157 
86 
14 
1 
684 
1,058 
2,707  8,626 

1 

CY 

2 
0 
1 
0 
7 
0 
0 
59 
0 
0 
0 
1 

0 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 

LV 

108 
0 
5 
71 
520 
17 
6 

19 
22 
7 
8 

24 
0 
1 
6 
12 
10 
4 
2 

1 
1 
117 
369 
48 
4 

185 
11 
51 

e
t
a
t
S
r
e
b
m
e
M
g
n
i
v
i
e
c
e
R

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
unkn. 
Total 

Sending Member State 

LT 

LU 

HU 

MT 

NL 

AT 

PL 

PT 

RO 

SI 

SK 

5 

43 
403 
372 

6 
105 
2 
244 

2,121  22,702  2,527 
41 
119 
132 
297 
7,806  9,966  34,578 
1 
41 
325 
95 
133 
1 
46 
131 
8 
245 
619 
91 
2,653  20,286  1,412 
384 
37 
920 
521 
6 
18 
11 
17 
4 
14 
529 
131 
26 
2,715 
13,006 
535 
12 
471 
288 
1,505 
97 
683 
751 
13 
41 
171 
741 
111 

199 
83 
740 
241 
287 
187 
106 
31 
40 
94 
162 
987 
3 
17 
58 
674 

10 
2 
2 
3,100 
79 
14 
1 

1 
1,706 
3,152 
162 
37 

4,513 
105 

13 
1 
0 
0 
8 
2 
2 
0 
6 
23 
0 
45 
1 
0 
0 
5 
0 

5 
5 
4 
3 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
11 
0 
0 
0 
5 

155 
110 
95 

46 
613 
397 

219 
33 
164 
379 

879 
76 
693 
303 

322 
2,770 
2,015 

271 
821 
301 
1,358  2,106  10,005 

23,657  14,860  6,767  11,643  5,525 
226 
253 
9,762 
384 
508 
97 

9,559 
9 
31 
133 
51 
148 
198 
4,626  24,153  114,979  3,986  16,941  71,219  42,180 
0 
232 
40 

80 
14 
68 
49 
93 
155 
867 
524 
2,690  2,518  28,210  26,270  7,096  2,310  4,110 
7,165 
22 
222 
6,025  6,593  1,093 
954 
13 
6 
53 
0 
19 
19 
1,072 
754 
966 
30 
3 
1 

435 
507 
2,744  3,210 
142 
242 
964 
913 
1,343 
304 

7 
23 
62 
98 
2,539 
15 

19 
968 
16 
4 
29 
219 
65 
12 

18 
33 
24 
177 
803 
21 

28 
0 
5 
166 
437 
19 

29 
70 
74 
1,042 

25 

563 
166 
43 
66 
22 
20 
112 
181 
984 
15 

131 
480 

5,278 

960 
82 

1,033  14,547  2,796  2,591  3,702  4,057 
1,142  48,867  11,146 
1,271 
793 
178 
632 
120 
87 
34 
175 
420 
184 
515 
111 
763 
145 
774 
541 
922 
1,169 
360 
675 
1,384  2,330 
1,657  5,824  1,042  1,263  1,290  1,318 

356 
756 
210 
2,752 
4,327 
13,440 

25 
9 
30 
278 
791 

60 
882 
327 
586 

912 
44 
26 
264 
2,405 
453 
3,396  1,926 
5,200 

27 
0 
310 
451 

0 
0 
300 
332 

21 
16 
5 
8 
510 
220 
2,302  1,035 

FI 

75 
4 
14 
125 
182 
30 
8 
99 
289 
108 
22 
95 
3 
5 
9 
7 
18 
18 
57 
58 
49 
49 
5 
1 
1 

326 
131 
0 
0 
128 
29 
1,596 

UK 

SE 

101 
10 
5 
77 
210 
8 
22 
151 
296 
479 
19 
146 
20 
3 
3 
5 
5 
8 
35 
88 
25 
28 
3 

2 
337 
0 
100 
1 
0 
859 
53 

IS 

0 
0 
0 
8 
12 
0 
0 
0 
10 
71 
0 
11 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
3 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
7 
8 

0 
22 
4 

33,780 
22,305  50,303  235,836  64,320  46,733  163,876  90,793  3,541  3,099  33,780 

LI 

NO 

CH 

Total 

0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
26 

2,100  15,272 

167,335 
3,508 
24,227 
15,592 
427,175 
3,025 
6,171 
8,109 
60,488 
241,363 
12,791 
64,669 
1,256 
1,356 
2,261 
32,664 
12,924 
2,513 
111,522 
141,046 
20,620 
22,639 
12,036 
6,357 
13,759 
22,252 
44,005 
59,587 
1,739 
715 
22,882 
105,689 
58,287 

76,719  14,781  11,806  8,250  332,091  6,305  3,222  4,253  110,868 109,168  41,253  129,732 

81 

1,629  26,548  58,686  62,873 

145 

Source Administrative data PD A1 Questionnaire 2018 

162 

32  2,100  15,272  1,730,562 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Unplanned healthcare 

Table A1.4  The number of EHICs issued / in circulation / as a percentage of the insured 

population and the number of PRCs issued, 2017 

MS 

Number of EHIC 
issued 

Number of 
PRCs issued (A) 

Total number of EHIC in 
circulation (B) 

Number of insured 
persons (C) 

% insured persons 
with a EHIC (B/C) 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE* 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL** 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE*** 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 

3,041,966 
177,412 
App. 1,500,000 
402,488 
n.a. 
119,775 
460,651 

2,538,156 
5,035,549 
114,228 
1,258,359 
41,955 
101,256 
223,346 
171,844 
476,068 
54,521 
5,755,441 
1,253,441 
3,381,324 
499,980 
271,960 
529,673 
775,432 
1,021,916 
1,393,023 

49,838 
3,128 
794,914 
4,000,000 

29,828 
22,634 
22,543 
403,948 
n.a. 
10,355 
137,964 

859,707 
1,921,366 
3,337 
36,204 
16 
461 
5,536 
8,717 
42,771 
67 
1,864 
19,271 
19,741 
21,262 
12,145 
100,205 
82,131 
11,257 
6,084 

7,954 
77 
8,271 
n.a. 

3,844,213 
318,540 
App. 10,000,000 
Max. 4,312,488 
n.a. 
n.a. 
1,283,035 

4,637,530 
5,255,419 
501,614 
60,000,000 
n.a.  
270,620 
494,863 
680,232 
1,322,846 
206,732 
11,141,105 
8,342,408 
3,322,208 
1,639,601 
258,738 
915,680 
3,649,544 
1,869,780 
3,931,655 

142,644 
38,866 
2,000,000 
8,200,000 

10,768,091 
7,354,857 
10,490,274 
 App. 5,700,000 
n.a. 
1,240,927 
n.a. 

48,320,884 
66,449,362 
4,130,237 
60,000,000 
650,000 
2,262,826 
2,929,095 
862,855 
4,114,000**** 
App. 460,297 
App. 17,000,000 
8,891,926 
33,876,567 
n.a. 
16,157,167 
2,210,553 
5,152,176 
5,520,900 
n.a. 

352,204 
38,866 
Max. 5,302,778 
8,200,000 

35.7% 
4.3% 
95.3% 
75.7% 
n.a. 
n.a 
App. 28% 

9.6% 
7.9% 
12.1% 
100.0% 
n.a 
12.0% 
16.9% 
78.8% 
32.2% 
44.9% 
65.5% 
93.8% 
9.8% 
n.a 
1.6% 
41.4% 
70.8% 
33.9% 
n.a. 

40.5% 
100.0% 
37.7% 
100.0% 

Ratio EHIC in 
circulation 
compared to PRC 
issued (A/B) 
0.8% 
7.1% 
0.2% 
9.4% 
n.a. 
n.a 
10.8% 

18.5% 
36.6% 
0.7% 
0.1% 
n.a 
0.2% 
1.1% 
1.3% 
3.2% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.2% 
0.6% 
1.3% 
4.7% 
10.9% 
2.3% 
0.6% 
0.2% 

5.6% 
0.2% 
0.4% 
n.a. 

*  DE:  The  precise  number  of  EHICs  in  circulation  in  Germany  is  not  available  due  to  the  high  number  of 
statutory health insurances in that country. Due to this high number, it is not possible to collect data from 
all of them. However, since the EHIC is usually shown on the back of the national health insurance card, it 
can be assumed that it is available almost nationwide.  
**  NL:  Many  health  insurance  companies  do  not  register  PRCs,  so  the  number  of  PRCs  issued  is  an 
underestimation.  
*** SE: There are no exact statistics about the number of EHICs in circulation. The card is valid for 3 years 
but if a person loses their card in this period, they can get a new card. The number of EHICs in circulation is 
the sum of cards issued between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017. This means that the number is 
most likely overestimated. 
****  HU:  DG  Sante  states  that  this  figure  applies  to  insured  persons  with  full  social  security  coverage. 
However, some 9,317,000 persons are entitled for EHIC and therefore the coverage ratio of EHIC is 14.2%. 
Source Administrative data EHIC Questionnaire 2018 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Planned healthcare 

Table A1.5 Number of PDs S2 issued, breakdown by Member State of treatment, 2017 

BE 

0 
0 
0 
75 
0 
0 
0 
0 
116 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
11 
0 
0 
37 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
21 
0 
0 
0 
12 

BG 
54 

0 
0 
360 
0 
0 
0 
3 
45 
0 
27 
0 
0 
0 
7 
0 
0 
1 
64 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
7 
17 
0 
0 
0 
47 

EE 

IE 

CZ  DK  DE 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 

0 
65 
1 
0 
0 
5 
5 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
23 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
36 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

48 
1 
0 
0 
3 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
11 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
23 
37 
10 
0 
0 
0 
2 

280  632  150  139 
0.9%  2.1%  0.5%  0.5% 
268  585  106  136 

t
n
e
m
t
a
e
r
t

f
o
e
t
a
t
S
r
e
b
m
e
M

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Unknown 
Total 
Row % 
EU-15 
EU-13 
EFTA 

ES 
10 
1 
1 
0 

HR 
FR 
7 
645 
0 
5 
30 
411 
0 
1 
118  1,111  140 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
48 
0 
1,536 
18 

0 
5 
2 

107 
0 
37 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
5 
9 
5 
2 
0 
0 
3 
17 
24 
0 
0 
4 
16 

0 
47 
3 
0 
0 
280 
0 
0 
10 
17 
12 
76 
7 
0 
0 
0 
9 
35 
0 
0 
0 
463 

34 
0 
0 
0 
0 
11 
0 
6 
181 
0 
0 
0 
17 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
8 

IT 
5 
0 
0 
0 
13 
0 
0 
0 
0 
17 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
7 
0 
0 
0 

1 
0 
14 
1 
0 
0 
0 
88 

CY 
0 
0 
0 
0 
247 
0 
0 
0 
0 
19 
0 
3 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
47 
0 
0 
0 
0 

EL 
31 
0  
0 
0 
93 
0 
0 

1 
72 
0 
159 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
4 
97 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

174  4,496 

LV 
3 
0 
0 
0 
64 
70 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 

LT 
1 
0 
3 
0 
9 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 

Competent Member State 
LU 
3,212 
1 
10 
4 
7,156 
0 
5 
10 
59 
1,589 
0 
117 
1 
1 
2 

HU  MT  NL 
653 
0 
8 
129 
0 
0 
1 
0 
9 
0 
1 
0 
2 
53 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
11 
0 
0 
26 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
14 
22 
0 
10 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
13 

11 
0 
70 
18 
23 
99 
8 
1 
0 
10 
1 
16 
3 
0 
0 
231 

0 
0 
105 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
108 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

16 
7 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
2 
7 
0 
0 
0 
17 

36 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
4 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 

AT 
2 
0 
8 
0 

0 
0 
0 
4 
5 
0 
21 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
4 

1 
0 
0 
2 
7 
0 
0 
11 
0 
0 
2 
194 

LI 

PL 
1 
0 
1 
0 
76 
0 
0 
0 
1 
2 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
4 

0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
4 
10 
0 
0 
0 
2 

PT 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
17 
16 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
11 

RO 
10 
0 
1 
0 
315 
0 
0 
1 
1 
87 
0 
178 
0 
0 
0 
0 
20 
0 
5 
81 
1 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
6 

SI 
6 
0 
19 
0 
93 
0 
0 
0 
0 
34 
4 
46 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
133 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
22 

SK 
2 
0 
740 
0 
57 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
83 
1 
0 
0 
1 

0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
22 

FI 
2 
0 
1 
2 
12 
38 
1 
0 
14 
1 
2 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 

15 
5 
0 
0 
0 
4 

SE  UK 
27 
6 
60 
0 
86 
2 
38 
10 
146 
105 
2 
54 
0 
3 
25 
1 
59 
1 
15 
12 
569 
7 
4 
0 
85 
4 
12 

1 
0 
3 
15 

IS 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
3 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 

0 
0 
1 

NO 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 

0 

465  373  4,716  460  147  320  191 
711  366  914  106 
1.5%  1.2%  15.5%  1.5%  0.5%  1.1%  0.6%  0.1%  41.6%  1.0%  0.1%  3.5%  15.6%  0.4%  0.2%  2.3%  1.2%  3.0%  0.3% 
55 
465  339  3815  393 
47 
59 
4 
8 

899  4543  108 
1 
23 
139 
2 
196 
17 

683  321  147 
745 
23 
22 
22 
22 
6 

28  1,055  4,762  111 

78 
106 
6 

320 
0 
0 

12,658  300 

12366  183 

16 
13 
13 

28 
0 
0 

49 
0 
11 

58 
1 
88 

42 

60 

1,352  22 
4.4%  0.1% 
517 
816 
19 

17 
4 
1 

0 
12 

44 
0 

0 
47 

1 
2 
* Blank: no data reported.  
** BE: Moreover, in 2017 a total number of 13,678 PDs S2 were issued for more flexible parallel procedures, of which 8,383 PDs S2 related to the IZOM agreement.   
*** DK: The number of issued S2 forms includes issued authorisations for scheduled treatment  abroad according to both the Basic Regulation and the Danish legislation. Besides the number of PDs S2 listed under question  1 The Danish Patient Safety Authority has also issued two PDs S2 for planned 
treatment in Denmark of Danish pensioners, who are insured in another Member State at the expense of Denmark. 
**** FR: Incomplete data. 
***** NL: data is incomplete, as not every insurance company registers this information.  
Source PD S2 Questionnaire 2018 

58 
234 

438 
463 

9 
108 

14 
20 

0 
0 

1 
0.0% 
2 
0 
0 

CH 
0 
0 
0 
11 
42 
0 
0 
1 
8 
3 
5 
7 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
5 
3 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 

Total 
4,683 
142 
1,296 
19 
14,923 
116 
49 
73 
1,814 
2,278 
13 
786 
5 
4 
65 
299 
117 
1 
210 
742 
640 
189 
22 
21 
130 
51 
131 
329 
4 
0 
15 
1,288 
1 
95 
30,456 
0.3%  100.0% 
26,576 
80 
2,572 
9 
1,307 
6 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.6  Number of PDs S2 received, breakdown by competent Member State, 2017 

Member State of treatment 

e
t
a
t
S
r
e
b
m
e
M

t
n
e
t
e
p
m
o
C

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 
Row % 
EU-15 
EU-13 
EFTA 

BE 

BG 
0 

CZ 
1 
0 

DK 
1 
0 
0 

0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 

0 
35 
3 
0 
0 
1 
5 
46 
7 
0 
0 
4 
0 
5 
0 
2 
8 
1 
0 
0 
24 
934 
1 
0 
193 
2 
0 
0 
0 

50 
0 
11 
7 
106 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
30 
0 
4 
3 
17,733 
0 
18 
1 
129 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
1 
0 
3,374 
1 
6 
0 
0 
3 
1,007 
0 
3 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
8 
0 
1 
0 
2 
4 
0 
4 
2 
5 
21 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
22,511 
1,272  32 
48.5%  0.0%  2.7%  0.1% 
29 
22,420 
1 
90 
2 
1 

253 
1017 
2 

3 
0 
0 

DE 

EE 

IE 

EL 
0 
0 
0 
0 
82 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
82 
0.2% 
82 
0 
0 

ES 

FR 
1,301 
16 
4 
6 
43 
0 
0 
37 
31 

HR 
0 
0 
0 
0 
56 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

IT 
34 
1 
6 
2 
28 
0 
0 
4 
1 
31 
16 

CY 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

LV 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

LT 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
31 

LU 
1,599 
7 
0 
0 
92 
0 
0 
0 
0 
214 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

HU  MT 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
29 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
7 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
62 

1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
25 
15 
6 
0 
5 
4 
1 
0 
3 
12 
0 
0 
0 
2 
199 

2 
152 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1,044 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
12 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
5 
0 
34 
0 
8 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
41 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
7 
2,761 
0 
5.9%  0.1%  0.4%  0.0%  0.0%  0.1%  4.1%  0.3%  0.0% 
0 
2677 
0 
77 
0 
7 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
13 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
50  1,916  155 

0 
5 
14 
3 
0 
60 
0 
7 
1 
1 
19 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1909 
7 
0 

157 
40 
2 

18 
31 
1 

58 
4 
0 

73 
82 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

* Blank: no data reported.  
** BE: one (1) union of health care funds did not submit any data regarding the number of PDs S2 received. 
*** FR: most of these PDs S2 are issued under the ZOAST agreements. 
Source PD S2 Questionnaire 2018

RO 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 

PL 

PT 

NL 
535 
4 
13 
3 
2,069 
1 
1 
4 
8 
6 
7 
15 
0 
0 
1 
31 
0 
0 

3 
2 
1 
5 
1 
0 
1 
0 
6 
0 
0 
2 
2 
2,721 
5.9% 
2683 
34 
4 

AT 
1 
58 
6 
0 
4,610 
0 
1 
0 
2 
1 
232 
116 
8 
0 
1 
13 
72 
0 
9 
0 
4 
1 
72 
81 
37 
0 
1 
8 
1 
0 
0 
19 
5,354 
11.5% 
4763 
571 
20 

SI 
0 
0 
0 
0 
11 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
25 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

SK 
0 
0 
32 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

FI 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

SE 
0 
8 
0 
110 
0 
0 
27 
3 
23 
1 
0 
15 
0 
0 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
36 
0 
2 
0 
0 
9 

1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
37 

8 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
18 

0 
0 
18 
59 
0 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
258 
98 
0.0%  0.1%  0.2%  0.0%  0.6% 
208 
65 
48 
32 
2 
1 

14 
4 
0 

11 
26 
0 

2 
0 
0 

LI 

UK 
3 
1 
2 
8 
7 
3 
1,104 
44 
6 
3 
4 
22 
10 
5 
0 
1 
0 
0 
3 
4 
5 
0 
3 
1 
1 
0 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
1,241 
2.7% 
1,206 
35 
0 

IS 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 

0 
0 
0 
7 
0.0% 
7 
0 
0 

NO 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 

CH 
19 
30 
2 
2 
4,477 

34 

15 
773 
9 
1,704 

4 
13 
157 
95 

29 
169 
1 
11 
8 
24 
20 
4 
5 
12 
2 
33 
0 

1 
10 
0.0% 
9 
0 
1 

7,652 
16.5% 
7,411 
206 
35 

Total 
3,495 
177 
68 
142 
11,661 
10 
1,167 
122 
95 
18,772 
366 
2,167 
25 
44 
22 
4,627 
181 
0 
1,098 
220 
63 
21 
197 
148 
1,004 
22 
35 
414 
7 
33 
4 
34 
46,441 
100.0% 
44,058 
2,305 
78 

54 

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 

Member State 

Table A1.7  Number of PDs S1 issued and received, flow and stock, 2017 

Issued 

Received 

Flow:  
In 2017 
Number  % of column 

Stock:  
Total and still valid 
Number  % of column 

Flow:  
In 2017 
Number  % of column 

Stock:  
Total and still valid 
Number  % of column 

total 

total 

total 

total 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 
                    * Imputed data for DK, DE, IE, LV, PT, SE, LI and NO. 

249,004 
12,857 
64,724 
13,408 
353,653 
1,569 
3,319 
845 
11,652 
4,164 
2,070 
3,408 
435 
1,530 
1,062 
213,146 
10,666 
1,219 
197,524 
145,527 
14,967 
8,794 
23,488 
9,213 
18,270 
12,582 
9,673 
156,090 
456 
2,168 
36,423 
91,517 
1,675,423 

23,308 
2,959 
22,233 
8,586 
110,594 
821 
1,757 
660 
4,412 
2,919 
908 
106 
450 
573 
712 
235,527 
3,440 
2,576 
181,491 
55,533 
4,722 
2,210 
7,676 
1,388 
10,960 
4,129 
1,999 
12,133 
352 
981 
20,234 
86,036 
812,385 

2.9% 
0.4% 
2.7% 
1.1% 
13.6% 
0.1% 
0.2% 
0.1% 
0.5% 
0.4% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
29.0% 
0.4% 
0.3% 
22.3% 
6.8% 
0.6% 
0.3% 
0.9% 
0.2% 
1.3% 
0.5% 
0.2% 
1.5% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
2.5% 
10.6% 
100.0% 

14.9% 
0.8% 
3.9% 
0.8% 
21.1% 
0.1% 
0.2% 
0.1% 
0.7% 
0.2% 
0.1% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
12.7% 
0.6% 
0.1% 
11.8% 
8.7% 
0.9% 
0.5% 
1.4% 
0.5% 
1.1% 
0.8% 
0.6% 
9.3% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
2.2% 
5.5% 
100.0% 

38,707 
1,643 
38,679 
246 
120,170 
745 
492 
1,890 
20,420 
61,006 
6,837 
3,131 
1,222 
257 
6,290 
2,344 
27,781 
403 
11,385 
10,735 
86,417 
3,668 
12,743 
7,960 
46,058 
322 
706 
1,414 
9 
44 
124 
15,584 
529,432 

Source PD S1 Questionnaire 2018 

7.3% 
0.3% 
7.3% 
0.0% 
22.7% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.4% 
3.9% 
11.5% 
1.3% 
0.6% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
1.2% 
0.4% 
5.2% 
0.1% 
2.2% 
2.0% 
16.3% 
0.7% 
2.4% 
1.5% 
8.7% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
2.9% 
100.0% 

264,047 
5,343 
97,451 
657 
238,062 
2,592 
1,257 
45 
169,455 
487,006 
41,341 
7,350 
14,869 
1,084 
8,180 
5,664 
63,837 
4,056 
38,689 
39,526 
157,067 
33,050 
15,286 
17,801 
38,469 
713 
2,116 
5,515 
63 
130 
192 
11,664 
1,772,576 

14.9% 
0.3% 
5.5% 
0.0% 
13.4% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
9.6% 
27.5% 
2.3% 
0.4% 
0.8% 
0.1% 
0.5% 
0.3% 
3.6% 
0.2% 
2.2% 
2.2% 
8.9% 
1.9% 
0.9% 
1.0% 
2.2% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.7% 
100.0% 

55 

 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.8  Number of PDs S1 issued, breakdown by receiving Member State, total and still valid, 2017 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 

BE 
0 
175 
202 
40 
3,615 
10 
78 
590 
9,061 
45,755 
107 
2,574 
44 
25 
43 
1,584 
563 
56 
13,654 
375 
3,153 
1,435 
845 
43 
178 
17 
103 
426 
0 
0 
40 
591 
85,382 

CZ 

BG 
880  1,259 
244 

0 
108 
20 

26 

2,520  1,527 

26 
29 
29 
113 
261 
66 
186 
4 
2 
45 
44 
244 
1 
216 
473 

1 
38 
216 
984 
551 
20 
437 
88 
0 
1 
65 
33 
8 
90 
721 
64  23,111 
18 
79 
13 
41  36,271 
20 
109 
412 
0 
0 
11 
73 

19 
40 
125 
2 
0 
27 
173 

2 
124 
35 

7,621  64,724 

DK 

DE 

IE 

EE 
452 
105 
11 
7 
191 
0 
11 
12 
43 
46 
0 
18 
0 
35 
113 
3 
12 
0 
39 
22 
69 
6 
34 
1 
0 
206 
57 
38 
1 
0 
10 
27 
1,569 

HR 
18 
4 
38 
7 

FR 
595 
0 
13 
0 

ES 
772 
21 
118 
18 

EL 
260 
20 
6 
0 
195  1,386  1,448  393 
0 
0 
0 
76 
39 
1 
109 
12 
0 
0 
19 
0 
0 
23 
6 
14 
9 
9 
0 
0 
0 
4 
24 
0 
0 
0 
3 

2 
31 
40 
0 
7,128 
2 
203 
7 
0 
5 
18 
42 
4 
184 
121 
139 
920 
63 
8 
22 
54 
17 
110 
0 
0 
2 
215 

0 
14 
4 
10 
12 
0 
61 
0 
0 
3 
9 
122 
0 
24 
129 
11 
2 
4 
1,167 
11 
6 
17 
1 
0 
0 
0 
3 

1 
3 
1 
361 
0 
0 
871 
1 
0 
0 
93 
14 
1 
24 
7 
104 
105 
50 
7 
28 
2 
11 
39 
0 
0 
0 
385 

LV 

IT 
CY 
221  100 
37 
41 
7 
907 
0 
9 
37 
619 
380 
166 
0 
5 
0 
2 
31 
68 
5 
49 
132 
100 
132 
199 
44 
34 
4 
21 
37 
0 
0 
1 
123 

8 
16 
3 
11 
0 
0 
202 
1 
14 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
8 
15 
38 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
8 
0 
0 
0 
8 

LU 

Issuing Member State 
LT 
17  50,367 
21 
5 
6 

HU  MT 
39 
410 
5 
10 
2 
64 
1 
30 

52 
782 
33 

PT 

NL 
62,221 
542 
757 
110 

AT 
61 
585 
10,093 
4 

PL 
749 
87 
449 
47 

1 
1 
209 
248 
131 
3,376 
630 
13 
4 
1 
4 

130 
390 
1,189 
13,683 
9,515 
516 
1,727 
139 
578 
587 
240 
2,227  25,447 
199 
140 
845 

160  52,554  1,059  745  62,755  24,423  5,798 
7 
4 
10 
11 
21 
57 
7 
45 
0 
52 
107 
482 
17  101,741  120 
47 
48 
4 
72 
747 
17 
1 
3 
0 
6 
17 
9 
7 
19 
0 
21 
0 
14 
0 
131 
10 
1 
7 
0 
77 
1,295 
13 
654 
147 
5 
38 
1,590 
68 
1 
1,685 
0 
535 
585 
0 
54 
8 
0 
7,174 
387 
3 
21 
16 
2 
38 
28 
8 
60 
172 
135 
0 
6 
2 
1 
1 
0 
9 
6 
1 
24 
167 
1 

21 
242 
62 
299 
505 
30 
498 
16 
21 
130 
47 
105 
6 
161 
398 
0 
21 
702 
22 
214 
24 
266 
942 
9 
0 
41 
93 

2 
4 
4 
16 
65 
35 
24 
2 
5 
7 
3 
20 
0 
30 
96 
15 
7 
36 
1 
3 
0 
0 
30 
0 
0 
0 
22 

27,546  4,118 
21 
3,493 
4,741 
3,262 
3,451 
104 
1,469  34,854 

57 
613 
1,599 
9 
2 
131 
749 

5 
20 
30 
0 
122 
4 
380 

6 
40 
0 

3 
55 
104 
1,975 
939 
20 

RO 

SI 
1,171  215 
41 
37 
6 

86 
67 
42 

2,332  147 

SK 
419 
294 
6,196 
10 
434 
2 
21 
37 
69 
77 
7,633  446 
119 
6 
11 
15 
10 

1 
1 
2 
27 
37 

2,882  366 

4 
86 

95 
0 
4 
77 

0 
0 
1 
6 
1,836  186  4,830 
0 
22 
236  2,360 
691 
85 
37 
6 
1,668 
16 
167 
0 
0 
89 
13 
1 
25 
8 
158 
21 
0 
0 
0 
0 
14 
2 
51 
21 

0 
140 
842 
106 
130 
0 
6 
28 
23 
143 
251 
3 
0 
29 
81 

FI 
426 
142 
119 
0 
560 
4,570 
35 
492 
2,505 
425 
27 
217 
21 
307 
404 
47 
132 
15 
367 
112 
672 
521 
220 
5 
108 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
133 

829  11,652  4,164  2,070  3,408  435 

637  213,146  10,666  1,219  197,524  113,023  12,005 

13,470  9,213  18,270  12,582 

Source PD S1 Questionnaire 2018 

SE  UK 
788 
633 
290 
29 

IS 
47 
0 
5 
7 
2,077  77 
1 
33 
0 
0 
1,106 
1 
  32,064  99 
  19,310  16 
0 
100 
2 
853 
0 
4,634 
0 
14 
0 
79 
8 
36 
4 
172 
0 
1,371 
29 
628 
390 
8 
2,242  94 
7 
2,014 
0 
36 
0 
41 
0 
87 
0 
41 
5 
120 
21 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
9 
23 
16 
201 
  69,414  456 

LI  NO  CH 
548 
290 
632 
30 

Total 
122,035 
3,402 
20,051 
483 

11 
66 
381 
940 

  48,062  213,376 
4,836 
1,117 
4,770 
63,834 
  53,072  240,156 
12,813 
13,911 
5,139 
1,044 
1,472 
2,444 
37,434 
1,731 
18,001 
8,718 
64,726 
11,057 
14,206 
5,368 
81,773 
585 
1,720 
5,094 
34 
126 
405 
3,540 

169 
1,298 
48 
10 
6 
65 
1,235 
47 
662 
624 
658 
485 
998 
191 
772 
53 
66 
455 

45 

  91,517  944,996 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.9  Number of PDs S1 received, breakdown by issuing Member State, total and still valid, 2017 

CZ 
282 
228 

215 
56,626 
11 
200 
216 
250 
505 
116 
788 
141 
15 
26 
1,311 
124 
5 
1,797 
18,524 
1,603 
31 
170 
75 

BE 
0 
655 
616 
105 
6,759 
19 
41 
979 
247 
22,000 
20 
2,335 
148 
301 
30 
26,790 
59 
49 
53,202 
88 
956 
386 
1,074 
9 
327 
140 
82 
1,720 
64 
23 
54 
233 

BG 
71 
0 
156 
0 
4 
0 
0 
137 
0 
34 
0 
306 
16 
6 
36 
13 
0 
5 
2 
0 
33 
5 
44 
0 
202  10,257 
9 
2 
798 
0 
2 
0 
4 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total  119,511  1,885  97,451 

77 
163 
1,599 
10 
774 
501 
811 

DK 

DE 

IE 

EE 
5 
2 
8 
34 
102 
0 
4 
7 
2 
5 
0 
17 
0 
53 
23 
4 
7 
0 
126 
1 
33 
0 
8 
2 
2 
1,628 
119 
60 
1 
0 
337 
2 
2,592 

EL 
10 
0 
0 
0 
27 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
45 

ES 

FR 

11,019  99,604 
1,117 
82 
2,419 
17,465  75,297  23,299  2,377 

824 
296 
1,622 

IT 
567 
103 
34 
67 

HR 
270 
15 
37 
46 

CY 
39 
73 
7 
16 
76 
0 
24 
290 
6 
58 
0 
173 
0 
1 
2 
0 
1 
1 
130 
16 
11 
0 
39 
0 
0 
12 
127 
13,677 
0 
0 
53 
37 

12,209  10,414 

40 
896 
97 
0 
25,339 
7 
5,952 
2 
37 
94 
298 
85 
9 

239 
577 
480 
9,418 
0 
22 
5,611 
34 
39 
60 
180,779 
167 
38 

0 
6 
1 
2 
368 
0 
681 
0 
3 
4 
20 
43 
18 
421 
8,293 
19 
0 
11 
7,136 
263 
9 
64 
122 
0 
2 
41 
147 
169,455  487,006  41,341  7,350  14,869 

237 
344 
1,181 
339 
2,169 
2,027 
1,578 
2,692 
62 
20 
921 
33 
350 
2,195 
2,939 
1,891 
77,440  53,704 

19 
0 
77 
196 
971 
25 
0 
0 
6 
0 
74 
27 
0 
267 
540 
217 
67 
827 
0 
19 
49 
64 
567 
0 
8 
27 
155 

31 
17 
690 
38,654 

89 
19 
3,562 
589 

LV 

130 

SK 
56 
83 

14,461  27,544 

SI 
35 
7 
24 
3 

AT 
253 
735 
426 
134 

NL 
18,157 
64 
108 
151 

12 
47 
23 
45 
670 
122 
306 
4 
8 
20 
78 
0 
18 

PT 
30 
722 
5 
0 
0 
3 
0 
2 
279 
20,196 
3,552 
4 
0 
1 
27 
739 
0 
0 
0 
1,133 
1 
2,588 
0 
8 

HU  MT 
54 
429 
1 
40 
0 
162 
25 
153 
98 
0 
38 
1 
8 
63 
0 
168 
0 
3 
0 
1 
0 
0 

Receiving Member State 
LU 
1,827 
75 
50 
196 
642  14,163 
3 
12 
77 
32 
1,473 
13 
225 
0 
7 
16 
0 
23 
5 
209 
11 
74 
405 
83 
15 
3 
37 
35 
69 
7 
0 
10 
30 

LT 
IS  LI  NO 
FI  SE  UK 
0 
6 
46 
12 
2 
1 
2 
260  0 
16 
24 
0 
1 
41 
11,313  11 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
10 
80 
8 
5 
1,964  2,840  151 
0 
0 
1 
0 
156 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
59 
2 
0 
0 
7 
10 
19 
0 
0 
2 
1 
45 
26 
7 
8 
0 
34 
30 
63 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
12 
33 
2 
0 
70 
31 
398 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
3 
343 
0 
204  0 
12 
1 
0 
1 
123  2 
8 
3 
2 
0 
6 
2 
199 
1 
0 
0 
0 
3 
4,360  23 
13 
0 
0 
11 
1 
2 
73 
7 
2 
56 
0 
3 
0 
0 
11,875  15,873  11 
35 
13 
129  9 
43 
2 
0 
257  0 
4 
10 
0 
0 
88 
23 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
97 
9 
134 
0 
1 
4 
0 
6 
0 
1 
2 
1 
125 
0 
11 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
42 
5 
9 
4 
0 
1 
41 
0 
  1,388  63 
799  5,664  63,837  4,056  38,689  39,526  15,435  33,050  3,063  17,801  38,469  713 

1,914  182 
17 
33,925 
9 
169 
1 
3 
0 
5,212 
0 
221 
2 
3,840 
9 
47 
322 
183 
552  3,159  1,070 
1 
0 
0 
20 
15 
191 
18 
1,121 

PL 
410 
54 
8,737 
10 
265 
0 
6 
64 
0 
347 
0 
446 
39 
15 
57 
1,213 
2 
31 
47 
22 
0 
6 
72 
0 
208 
48 
0 
3,177 
63 
13 
24 
59 

22 
18 
178 
154 
536 
163 
1,315 
19 
33 
11 
152 
634 
9 
787 
0 
589 
26 
1,383 
292 
2,237 
74 
193 
799 
9 
224 
94 
483 

RO 
144 
60 
99 
8 
370 
0 
0 
19 
43 
60 
0 
541 
1 
0 
4 
96 
77 
5 
102 
268 
257 
3 
0 
42 
666 
2 
7 
30 
0 
1 
4 
154 

38 
122 
64 
152 
387 
29 
518 
14 
25 
20 
1,502 
78 
184 
0 
55 
265 
33 
108 
24 
70 
45 
68 

0 
0 
8 
4 
74 
851 
2,293 
2 
1 
1 
2 
26 
1 
67 

116 
4 
43 
87 
0 
54 
47 
369 
0 
101 
1,087 
454 

27 
0 
10 
0 
246 
1 
46 
71 
0 
3 
3 
156 

23 
0 
1 
294 
872 
201 
2,369 

23 
80 
249 
525 

6 
663 

Total 
CH 
133,751 
423 
5,204 
67 
22,322 
85 
108 
5,447 
3,445  248,078 

27 
12 
97 
246 
1,829 
1 
2,918 
9 
5 
5 
109 
28 
1 
613 
441 
106 
215 
70 
25 
43 
85 
114 
462 
15 
1 
59 
0 

590 
2,065 
2,855 
11,159 
75,058 
4,939 
25,131 
434 
1,119 
573 
213,391 
5,767 
410 
83,292 
91,679 
6,234 
8,232 
13,545 
8,019 
19,451 
5,033 
6,476 
159,586 
608 
2,161 
7,258 
46,047 

192  11,664  1,215,914 

Source PD S1 Questionnaire 2018 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Table A1.10 The number of PDs U2/SEDs U008 issued and received, 2017 

MS 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 
EU-15 
EU-13 
EFTA 

No of PDs U2 or 
SEDs U008 
issued for up to 
3 months (A) 

No of PDs U2 
or SEDs U008 
issued for 
more than 3 
months (B) 

Issued 
Total No of PDs 
U2 or SEDs 
U008 issued 
(A+B) 

Column % 

1,648 
75 
41 
2,169 
6,107 
48 
897 

1,707 
2,700 
127 
450 
47 
276 
195 
219 
35 
0 
4,793 

110 
648 
8 
32 
86 
267 
215 
256 

1,682* 

0 
0 
166 
0 
375 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

18 
0 
1 
5 
2 
1 
0 
0 

1,648 
75 
207 
2,169 
6,482 
48 
897 

1,707 
2,700 
127 
450 
47 
276 
195 
219 
35 
0 
4,793 
1,682 
128 
648 
9 
37 
88 
268 
215 
256 

5.4% 
0.2% 
0.7% 
7.1% 
21.3% 
0.2% 
3.0% 

5.6% 
8.9% 
0.4% 
1.5% 
0.2% 
0.9% 
0.6% 
0.7% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
15.8% 
5.5% 
0.4% 
2.1% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.3% 
0.9% 
0.7% 
0.8% 

Share more 
than 3 months 
in total No of 
PDs U2 or SEDs 
U008 issued 
(B/(A+B)) 
0% 
0% 
80% 
0% 
6% 
0% 
0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

14% 
0% 
11% 
14% 
2% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

0 
0 
568 
376 
192 
0 

1,884 
3,108 
29,830 
23,758 
1,080 
4,992 
* AT: Not possible to make a distinction. 
Source Administrative data PD U2 Questionnaire 2018 

6.2% 
10.2% 
100.0% 
79.4% 
4.2% 
16.4% 

1,884 
3,108 
30,398 
24,134 
1,272 
4,992 

0% 
0% 
2% 

Received 

No of persons who 
registered as a 
jobseeker on the basis 
of a PD U2 or on the 
basis of an SED U008 

Column % 

622 
365 
264 
181 
812 
56 
266 

2,025 
2,220 
90 
188 
58 
194 
401 
129 
525 
94 
458 
855 
8,756 
1,436 
981 
25 
624 
93 
529 
1,563 

296 
800 
24,906 
11,377 
12,433 
1,096 

2.5% 
1.5% 
1.1% 
0.7% 
3.3% 
0.2% 
1.1% 

8.1% 
8.9% 
0.4% 
0.8% 
0.2% 
0.8% 
1.6% 
0.5% 
2.1% 
0.4% 
1.8% 
3.4% 
35.2% 
5.8% 
3.9% 
0.1% 
2.5% 
0.4% 
2.1% 
6.3% 

1.2% 
3.2% 
100.0% 
45.7% 
49.9% 
4.4% 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Table A1.11 The number of aggregations of periods for unemployment, 2017 

)
1
U
D
P
e
h
t
d
e
u
s
s
i

h
c
i
h
w
e
t
a
t
S

r
e
b
m
e
M

.
e
.
i
(
e
c
n
a
r
u
s
n
i
/
t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
e
s
u
o
i
v
e
r
p
f
o
e
t
a
t
S

l

r
e
b
m
e
M

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Unknown 
Total 
EU-15 
EU-13 
EFTA 
Neighbour 

EE 

IE 

EL 

BE 

13 
3 
1 
52 
1 
4 
10 
123 
195 
3 
87 
0 
0 
1 
105 
1 
0 
326 
3 
30 
28 
48 
0 
1 
3 
4 
37 
1 
0 
2 
19 

CZ 

BG 
200 

397 
17 
1341 
22 
246 
174 
583 
348 
0 
145 
574 
10 
3 
21 
2 
57 
180 
162 
16 
130 
15 
24 
47 
47 
107 
6,776 
11 
2 
85 
231 

DK 
1 

2 

27 

1 
3 
17 

1 

1 
1 

4 

1 
2 
1 

1 
27 
31 
2 

105 
3 

DE 
19 
46 
30 
4 

2 
14 
13 
42 
17 
118 
59 
0 
7 
7 
18 
80 
3 
64 
205 
144 
10 
54 
5 
18 
2 
8 
80 
0 
3 
6 
174 

FR 
ES 
523 
57 
17 
25 
15 
30 
8 
19 
357  278 
10 
106  119 
19 
6 
271 

3 

492 
2 
72 
1 
1 
4 
8 
4 
19 
84 
19 
23 
101 
64 
7 
2 
4 
24 

0 
261 
0 
2 
8 
385 
6 
17 
63 
29 
38 
72 
23 
1 
5 
16 
16 
1,646  458 

9 
0 
18 

27 
2 
31 
171  1,171 
3,485 

HR 
0 
0 
0 
0 
37 
0 
6 
0 
0 
1 

4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
25 
0 
0 
0 
21 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 

IT 

CY 
0 
1 
0 
0 
3 
0 
1 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
15 
0 
0 
1 
0 

LV 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
2 
3 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 

LT 
1 
0 
1 
43 
143 
6 
152 
9 
35 
12 
0 
3 
19 
19 

Competent Member State 
LU 
4 
1 
0 
0 
12 
0 
0 
0 
3 
18 
2 
3 
0 
0 
0 

HU  MT  NL 
20 
0 
10 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
16 
1 
0 
2 
25 
0 
630 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
43 
0 
0 
4 
3 
0 
11 
2 
0 
27 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
22 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
4 
0 
0 
1 

2 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
6 
1 
0 
1 
0 

1 
0 
0 
79 
1 
13 
2 
0 
0 
1 
3 
46 
769 
18 
0 
91 
12 

1 
0 
3 
0 
1 
6 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
4 

6 
117 
834 
7 
0 
25 
7 
145 
5 
6 
562 
0 
0 
4 
41 

0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 

3 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 
1 

IS 

LI 

AT 

PL 
20 
1 
38 
21 
324 
0 
42 
1 
2 
42 
1 
3 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
171 
23 

2 
0 
0 
7 
2 
11 
289 
3 
0 
28 
9 

PT 
2 
1 
1 
3 
10 
0 
0 
0 
19 
27 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
14 
2 
0 
2 
22 

RO 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
2 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 

0 
1 
0 
0 
11 
0 
0 
0 
8 

SI 
1 
1 
1 
0 
28 
0 
0 
1 
2 
3 
9 
6 
2 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 

SK 
0 
1 
392 
2 
113 
0 
41 
0 
5 
9 
0 
17 
3 
0 
0 
2 
59 
3 
34 
1,468  105 

0 
0 
0 

1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

2 
0 
1 
2 

0 
3 
233 
2 
0 
10 
28 

FI 
1 
0 
0 
5 
3 
6 
0 
0 
8 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
3 
0 
1 
0 
1 
0 
0 

58 
2 
1 
0 
60 
5 

SE 
0 
0 
1 
19 
6 
0 
2 
1 
7 
2 
3 
1 
0 
0 
1 

1 
2 
3 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
14 

5 
1 
0 
60 
1 

UK 
2 
2 
0 
1 
6 
0 
19 
5 
5 
3 
0 
2 
0 
4 
4 
0 
4 
1 
5 
1 
13 
3 
4 
0 
0 
2 
1 

1 
0 
8 
6 

329 

3,345 

3,433 

187 
1,101  11,973  329  231  1,252  187 
978  10,477 
101  1,167 
329 
22 
189 
678 

25  1,479  62  2,536 
18  1,299  50  2,277 
214 
5 
2 
45 
4 
* DE: Data from January to April 2017 is not available. The extrapolation results in an estimated number of some 1,900 PDs U1 received in 2017. 
** BG: Overestimation as unemployed frontier workers and other cross-border workers returning to Bulgaria are reported as well. 
*** AT and CH: Breakdown by Member State which has issued the PD U1 is not included as both Member States provided a breakdown by citizenship 
Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment 2018

33  1,526  1,067  160  134  102 
85 
55 
21  1,509  564 
32 
9 
463 
17 
4 
15 
40 
8 
66 
0 
19 
1,479  558  124 
0 

3,407  7,347  97  3,345  29 
24 
2,984  2,529  74 
4 
21 
192  135 
231  1,198 
1 
2 
593  2,889  21 

63  3,433  1,044  114 
84 
59 
4 
3 
26 
1 
19 
45 

116  555 
5 
514 
110  183 
675 
54 

8 
4 
34  1,013 

954 
50 
40 
369 

59 
121 
32 

62 
10 
62 
93 

2 
1 
1 
0 

CH 

NO 
2 
2 
0 
40 
15 
0 
2 
0 
3 
4 
1 
1 
0 
1 
7 
0 
1 
2 
11 
1 
27 
0 
1 
0 
0 
13 
46 
25 
15 
0 
0 
4 

Total 
863 
111 
928 
186 
3,416 
52 
801 
250 
1,140 
1,206 
141 
690 
609 
45 
38 
550 
164 
116 
1,155 
2,887 
321 
357 
239 
68 
228 
113 
361 
10,963 
94 
7 
512 
1,912 
2599  13,378 
224  2,599  43,901 
24,938 
163 
3,060 
42 
2,525 
19 
8,954 
59 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.12 The number of aggregations of periods in case of unemployment, by length of 

insurance, employment or self-employment in Member State of last activity, by 
competent Member State, 2017 

MS 

Less than 30 days 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 
EU-13 
EU-15 
EFTA 

Number 

114 
291 
37 
181 
105 
47 

1,289 
2,809 
8 
n.a. 
2 
4 
n.a. 
0 
293 
0 
10 
421 
87 
16 
0 
380 
185 
12 
48 
n.a. 

94 
353 
6,786 
1,334 
5,005 
447 

Row % 

10.4% 
2.4% 
11.2% 
78.4% 
8.4% 
25.1% 

37.8% 
38.2% 
8.2% 
n.a. 
6.9% 
16.0% 
n.a. 
0.0% 
11.6% 
0.0% 
15.9% 
12.3% 
8.3% 
14.0% 
0.0% 
24.9% 
17.3% 
7.5% 
35.8% 
n.a. 

42.2% 
13.6% 
17.4% 
7.1% 
28.9% 
15.8% 

More than 1 month but 
less than 3 months 
Row % 

Number 

179 
1,056 
135 
9 
203 
44 

739 
1,157 
7 
n.a. 
3 
4 
n.a. 
5 
512 
0 
27 
259 
215 
37 
10 
156 
125 
38 
37 
n.a. 

35 
302 
5,294 
2,267 
2,690 
337 

16.3% 
8.8% 
41.0% 
3.9% 
16.2% 
23.5% 

21.7% 
15.7% 
7.2% 
n.a. 
10.3% 
16.0% 
n.a. 
8.1% 
20.2% 
0.0% 
42.9% 
7.5% 
20.6% 
32.5% 
30.3% 
10.2% 
11.7% 
23.8% 
27.6% 
n.a. 

15.7% 
11.6% 
13.6% 
12.0% 
15.5% 
11.9% 

3 months and more 

Number 

808 
10,626 
157 
41 
944 
96 

1,379 
3,381 
82 
n.a. 
24 
17 
n.a. 
57 
1,731 
2 
26 
2,753 
742 
61 
23 
990 
757 
110 
49 
n.a. 

94 
1,944 
26,894 
15,247 
9,609 
2,038 

Row % 

73.4% 
88.7% 
47.7% 
17.7% 
75.4% 
51.3% 

40.5% 
46.0% 
84.5% 
n.a. 
82.8% 
68.0% 
n.a. 
91.9% 
68.3% 
100.0% 
41.3% 
80.2% 
71.1% 
53.5% 
69.7% 
64.9% 
70.9% 
68.8% 
36.6% 
n.a. 

42.2% 
74.8% 
69.0% 
80.9% 
55.5% 
72.2% 

Total for 
subperiods 
Number 

1,101 
11,973 
329 
231 
1,252 
187 

3,407 
7,347 
97 
n.a. 
29 
25 
n.a. 
62 
2,536 
2 
63 
3,433 
1,044 
114 
33 
1,526 
1,067 
160 
134 
n.a. 

Total 

Number 

Column % 

1,101 
11,973 
329 
231 
1,252 
187 

3,407 
7,347 
97 
3,345 
29 
25 
1,479 
62 
2,536 
2 
63 
3,433 
1,044 
114 
33 
1,526 
1,067 
160 
134 
102 

2.5% 
27.3% 
0.7% 
0.5% 
2.9% 
0.4% 

7.8% 
16.7% 
0.2% 
7.6% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
3.4% 
0.1% 
5.8% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
7.8% 
2.4% 
0.3% 
0.1% 
3.5% 
2.4% 
0.4% 
0.3% 
0.2% 

223 
2,599 
38,974 
18,848 
17,304 
2,822 

224 
2,599 
43,901 
20,327 
20,751 
2,823 

0.5% 
5.9% 
100.0% 
46.3% 
47.3% 
6.4% 

Source Questionnaire on aggregation of periods for unemployment 2018 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Export of family benefits 

Table A1.13 Export of family benefits, by type of family benefit, by number of persons entitled, 

family members involved, annual and average amount paid, 2017 

Type of family benefit 

Total number of 
persons 

BE 
BG 
CZ 

DK 
DE 
EE 
IE* 

EL 

ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 

LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 

AT 

PL 
PT 

Child Benefit 

Parent benefits, child benefits 
and child needs benefits for 
children in foster care 

Cash benefit   
Total 
Child Benefit 
One Parent Family 
Domiciliary Care Allowance 
Family Income Supplement 
Guardian’s Payment  
(Non-Contributory) 
Welfare Allowance for Child 
Support 
Cash benefit 

Child Benefit 

Total 
Family state benefit 
Supplement to the family state 
benefit for a disabled child 
Parent's benefit 
Childcare benefit 
Disabled child care benefit 
Cash benefit 
Cash benefit 

Cash benefit 
Total 
Child budget 
(Kindgebondenbudget) 
Childcare allowance 
(Kinderopvangtoeslag) 
Child benefit (AKW) 
Total 
Family allowances 
(Familienbeihilfe) 
Compensation payment 
(Ausgleichszahlung) 
Child tax credit 
(Kinderabsetzbetrag) 
Parental benefit 
(Kinderbetreuungsgeld) 
Cash benefits 
Family allowance for children 
and young persons 

32,509 

861 

530 
4,452 
4,452 
0 
18 
621 
1 

0 

34 

6 

1,579 
1,579 
45 

205 
632 
17 
0 
87,668 

11 
17,722 
10,827 

1,205 

17,722 
71,236 
18,372 

52,864 

71,236 

1,118 

69,981 
3,413 

Number of family 
members involved 
(A) 
59,752 

Total expenditure 
(in €) 
(B) 
116,837,757 

Average amount per 
family member  
(in €) (B/A) 
1,955 

1,050,864 

1,362,826 
15,902,341 
12,064,080 
0 
67,932 
3,761,178 
9,151 

0 

29,730 

2,416 

1,427,376 
331,678 
45,144 

500,496 
520,797 
29,261 
0 
449,704,923 

3,776 
62,395,686 
24,954,538 

1,267 
7,181 
7,181 
0 
18 
1,102 
1 

0 

42 

20 

2,189 
2,189 
47 

205 
632 
17 
0 
153,534 

7 
33,953 
17,678 

1,682 

3,709,437 

33,953 
125,395 
29,395 

33,731,711 
255,892,490 
46,416,315 

96,000 

124,104,998 

125,395 

82,654,031 

1,143 

2,717,146 

91,570,489 
1,464,722 

1,076 
2,215 
1,680 

3,774 
3,413 
9,151 

708 

51 

652 
152 
961 

2,441 
824 
1,721 

2,929 

1,259 
1,838 
1,412 

2,205 

993 
2,041 
1,579 

1,293 

659 

2,377 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

RO 

SI 
SK 

FI 
SE 

UK 

IS** 
LI 
NO 

Type of family benefit 

Total 
Child state allowance 
Child raising benefit 

Total 
Child benefit 
Parental allowance 
Child benefit 
Surviving children’s allowance  
(Efterlevandestöd) 
Total 
Child Tax Credit 
Child Benefit 
Cash benefit 

Total 
Child benefit 
Cash benefit for families with 
small children 

Total number of 
persons 

Number of family 
members involved 
(A) 

Total expenditure 
(in €) 
(B) 

Average amount per 
family member  
(in €) (B/A) 

12,349 
12,349 
56 

9,896 
9,896 
4,210 
3,887 
569 

15,046 
7,705 
15,046 
195 

10,039 
10,039 
1,159 

15,896 
15,896 
4,210 
6,138 

25,342 
12,864 
25,342 
448 

10,536,579 
3,609,382 
6,927,197 
4,263,954 
551,147 

663 
227 
1,645 
695 

480,868 

1,073 

18,553,274 
14,154,101 
4,399,173 

CH 
Total***   

341,983 

431,164 

1,032,027,443 

*  The  data  for  IE  only  relates  to  primary  competences.  IE  does  not  have  data  on  secondary  competences.  This 

implies an underestimation of the reported figures.  

** IS: not the final number of child benefits as this will be calculated based on the tax declaration of 2018. 
***  Total: In order to  avoid double-counting of the number  of persons entitled and the family members involved, 
only  one  family  benefit  scheme  of  each  of  the  reporting  Member  States  was  retained,  namely  the  family  benefit 
scheme  with  the  highest  number  of  persons  entitled.  Of  course,  this  selection  was  not  applied  to  the  figures 
indicating the cross-border expenditure.   
Source Questionnaire on the export of family benefits 2018 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.14 The share of the export of family benefits in the total number of family benefits paid 

by the reporting Member State, 2017 

BE 
BG 
CZ 

DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 

EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 

LT 

LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 

AT 

PL 
PT 
RO 

SI 
SK 

FI 
SE 
UK 

IS 
LI 
NO 

CH 

Type of family benefit 

Child Benefit 

Total number of 
persons 
2.1% 

Number of family 
members involved 
2.1% 

Total expenditure 
(in €) 
1.8% 

Parent benefits, child benefits and child needs 
benefits for children in foster care 

Cash benefit   
Total 
Child Benefit 
One Parent Family 
Domiciliary Care Allowance 
Family Income Supplement 
Guardian’s Payment (Non-Contributory) 
Welfare Allowance for Child Support 
Cash benefit 

0.1% 

0.3% 
0.7% 
0.7% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
1.1% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.1% 

0.6% 
0.6% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.9% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.5% 
0.6% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.9% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

Child Benefit 

0.004% 

0.007% 

0.001% 

0.7% 
0.7% 
0.6% 

0.9% 
1.5% 
0.8% 

55.5% 

1.0% 
1.3% 
0.2% 
1.0% 
6.2% 
1.5% 
97.3% 
6.2% 
1.9% 

1.4% 
1.4% 
2.2% 
0.6% 

Total 
Family state benefit 
Supplement to the family state benefit for a 
disabled child 
Parent's benefit 
Childcare benefit 
Disabled child care benefit 
Cash benefit 

Cash benefit 

Cash benefit 
Total 
Child budget (Kindgebondenbudget) 
Childcare allowance (Kinderopvangtoeslag) 
Child benefit (AKW) 
Total 
Family allowances (Familienbeihilfe) 
Compensation payment (Ausgleichszahlung) 
Child tax credit (Kinderabsetzbetrag) 
Parental benefit (Kinderbetreuungsgeld) 
Cash benefits 
Family allowance for children and young persons 
Total 
Child state allowance 
Child raising benefit 

Total 
Child benefit 
Parental allowance 
Child benefit 
Surviving children’s allowance  (Efterlevandestöd) 
Total 
Child Tax Credit 
Child Benefit 

Total 
Child benefit 
Cash benefit for families with small children 

0.7% 
0.7% 
0.6% 

0.9% 
1.6% 
0.8% 
0.0% 

54.8% 

0.9% 
1.5% 
0.2% 
0.9% 
5.9% 
1.6% 
96.0% 
5.9% 
1.9% 
1.2% 
0.4% 
0.3% 
0.3% 
0.04% 

1.4% 
1.4% 
2.2% 
0.7% 
4.5% 
0.2% 
0.2% 
0.2% 

1.4% 
1.4% 

Source Questionnaire on the export of family benefits 2018 

0.6% 
0.4% 
0.4% 

0.5% 
0.8% 
0.6% 
0.0% 

48.2% 

0.8% 
1.3% 
0.2% 
1.0% 
5.4% 
1.4% 
97.8% 
6.2% 
1.2% 
1.2% 
0.2% 

1.6% 
1.2% 
1.9% 
0.3% 
11.8% 

1.1% 
0.9% 
2.6% 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Maternity and equivalent paternity benefits in cash 

Table A1.15 Number of persons who received maternity or equivalent paternity benefits in cash 
residing in a Member State other than the competent Member State and total related 
expenditure (in €), 2016 and 2017 

Total number of persons 

2017 

2016 

Evolution 

Total expenditure (in €) 
2016 

Evolution 

Average annual amount per person 

2017 

2016 

Evolution 

1,210 

1,260 

4 

723 

716 

1 

67% 

76% 

870,895 

494,822 

691 

300% 

6,543 

220 

2,874% 

1,636 

3,313,320 

4,860 

4,583 

77% 

76% 

6% 

0% 

644% 

691 

220 

2017 
Belgium 
5,880,910 

579 

406 

43% 

3,904,642 

2,696,902 

45% 

6,744 

6,643 

2% 

410 

336 

22% 

1,311,092 

1,065,431 

23% 

3,198 

3,171 

1% 

Bulgaria 

Czech Republic 

Denmark 

2,401 

2,573 

-7% 

18,068,300 

18,551,463 

-3% 

7,525 

7,210 

4% 

Maternity allowance 

Paternity/birth allowance 

Adoption allowance 
Replacement income granted 
in case of measure of work 
removal due to working 
conditions for pregnancy 
Replacement income granted 
in case of measure of work 
removal due to working 
conditions for breastfeeding 

Maternity and paternity 
leave (and a corresponding 
right for adopting parents) 

Maternity benefit 

11 

10 

10% 

0 

3 

0 

Maternity Benefit 

Paternity Benefit 

Adoptive Benefit 

Maternity benefit 
Paternity benefit 

Maternity benefit 

Paternity benefit 

445 

122 

1 

15 
16 

518 

174 

281 

195 

84% 

-11% 

Maternity allowance 
Maternity grant  

4 
2 

5 
3 

-20% 
-33% 

Maternity leave 
Exemption from work for 
pregnant and breastfeeding 
women 

3,801 

4,277 

-11% 

1,452 

Germany 

Estonia 
47,415 
Ireland 
2,110,569 

50,463 

-6% 

4,310 

5,046 

-15% 

0 

4,743 

3,967% 

55,250 

1,380 

3,904% 

453 

460 

-2% 

5,595 
Greece 

Spain 
122,289 
34,247 
France 
1,659,488 

118,877 
Croatia 

Italy 

Cyprus 
15,986 
2,176 
Latvia 

Lithuania 

Luxembourg 
41,088,016 

11,738,783 

0 

5,595 

8,153 
2,140 

1,154,979 

119,518 

44% 

-1% 

3,204 

4,110 

683 

613 

-22% 

11% 

27,476 
2,176 

-42% 
0% 

3,997 
1,088 

5,495 
725 

-27% 
50% 

52,850,000 

-22% 

10,813 

12,357 

-12% 

8,085 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Total number of persons 

2017 

2016 

Evolution 

Infant care allowance 

74 

Maternity benefit 

2 

Wet Arbeid en Zorg (Work 
and Care Act) 

1,574 

Wochengeld 

2,081 

2,009 

4% 

Family time bonus for fathers 

26 

Total expenditure (in €) 
2016 

Evolution 

2017 
Hungary 
160,437 
Malta 

The Netherlands 

2,477 

Average annual amount per person 

2017 

2016 

Evolution 

2,168 

6,692 

1,239 

10,674,031 

8% 

5,563 

5,313 

5% 

652 

10,532,707 

Austria 
11,577,593 

16,950 
Poland 

Maternity or equivalent 
paternity benefit (paid by 
ZUS) 

3 

1 

200% 

21,835 

1,151 

1,797% 

7,278 

1,151 

532% 

Initial parental allowance 

170 

172 

Extended parental allowance 

10 

Allowance for adoption 
Extended allowance for 
adoption 
Allowance for clinical risk 
during pregnancy 
Allowance for termination of 
pregnancy 
Specific risks allowance 

1 

0 

43 

5 

1 

14 

1 

37 

4 

Maternity benefits  

Paternity benefits 

Maternity allowance 

Paternity allowance 

Parental allowance 

35 

3 

190 

211 

341 

57 

2 

224 

266 

343 

-39% 

50% 

-15% 

-21% 

-1% 

-1% 

-29% 

0% 

Portugal 
490,654 

12,272 

13,432 

0 

465,032 

13,202 

11,851 

6% 

-7% 

13% 

2,886 

2,704 

1,227 

943 

13,432 

11,851 

7% 

30% 

13% 

16% 

103,093 

123,636 

-17% 

2,398 

3,342 

-28% 

25% 

2,504 

6,078 

-59% 

501 

1,520 

-67% 

2,527 

-34% 

238% 

-17% 

-36% 

5% 

2,631 

2,459 

7% 

5,073 

2,251 

125% 

5,974 

6,135 

1,876 

2,314 

6,804 

6,438 

-3% 

-19% 

6% 

2,527 
Romania 

Slovenia 

Slovakia 
92,088 

15,220 
Finland 
1,135,019 

140,152 

4,501 

1,374,294 

395,758 

615,594 

2,320,026 
Sweden 

2,208,181 

United Kingdom 

Iceland 

Liechtenstein 

Maternity or equivalent 
paternity benefit 

34 

83 

-59% 

321,969 

917,879 

-65% 

9,470 

11,059 

-14% 

Parental benefit  

1,311 

1,589 

-17% 

Norway 
14,556,682 
Switzerland 

15,595,629 

-7% 

11,103 

9,815 

13% 

Allocation en cas de 
maternité dans le cadre des 
allocations pour pertes de 
gains (APG) 

5,100 

4,850 

5% 

44,364,000 

54,066,000 

-18% 

8,699 

11,148 

-22% 

23,638   

Total 

173,175,838 

Source Questionnaire on maternity and equivalent paternity benefits in cash 2017 and 2018 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Old-age, survivors’ and invaldity pensions 

Table A1.16 Number of pensions and annual amount paid (in €) as Member State of residence to 
pensioners receiving a pension from two or more Member States one of which is the 
Member State of residence, 2017 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total 

Old-age pension 

Survivors’ pension 

Invalidity pension 

Total 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid  
(in €) 

102,875  1,663,239,312 

8,575 

14,735,266 

49,806 
1,094 

858,455,052 
768,937 

2,260 
988 

20,583,345 
1,355,067 

154,941  2,542,277,709 
10,657 

16,859,270 

Average 
amount per 
pensioner (in €) 
16,408 
1,582 

2,519 

19,936,938 

8,076 
6,493 

14,570,599 
n.a. 

2,932 

69,033,570 

482,908  2,353,099,512 

7,706 

18,210,975 

3,771 

10,624,867 

29,041,345 
10,528 
349,422,600 
12,326 
125,099,265 
34,133 
13,042,685 
1,945 
770,902,881 
93,275 
128,262  1,912,612,952 

186,734 
2,641 
21,804 
573 
59,950 

601,494,020 
5,960,654 
112,459,872 
2,233,470 
1,296,130,282 

n.a. 

214 
945 

410 
n.a. 
288 

735 

2,161 
3,891 
6,499 
319 
1,361 
28,411 

74,208 
133 
1,787 
148 
9,814 

1,702 
n.a. 

21,850 
4,873 
2,314 

n.a. 

210 

3,036,557 

2,729 

22,973,495 

8,418 

162,380 
n.a. 

1,223 
544 

1,298,638 
n.a. 

9,418 
7,982 

16,031,617 
n.a. 

4,113,114 
n.a. 
450,277 

1,589,918 

1,572,748 
82,790,928 
11,255,049 
2,067,171 
6,423,347 
251,875,496 

153,694,398 
166,092 
6,327,444 
191,730 
60,696,883 

74 
n.a. 
313 

88 

3,521 
3,666 
n.a. 
23 
798 
7,282 

11,324 
375 
1,074 
270 
4,924 

1,491,647 
n.a. 
450,277 

74,638,330 

3,416 
482,908  2,353,099,512 
8,307 

19,220,195 

202,955 

4,594 

12,417,740 

2,703 

5,952,187 
83,857,740 
n.a. 
139,491 
6,205,988 
86,869,178 

35,786,232 
549,026 
1,858,188 
709,522 
46,643,531 

36,566,280 
16,210 
516,071,268 
19,883 
136,354,314 
40,632 
15,249,347 
2,287 
783,532,216 
95,434 
163,955  2,251,357,626 

272,266 
3,149 
24,665 
990 
65,694 

790,974,649 
6,675,768 
120,645,504 
3,134,722 
1,403,470,695 

2,256 
25,955 
3,356 
6,668 
8,210 
13,732 

2,905 
2,120 
4,891 
3,166 
21,364 

1,244 

37,532,148 

n.a. 

n.a. 

229 

4,491,417 

1,473 

42,023,565 

28,529 

1,179,270  9,419,383,213  182,224  1,442,600,962 

39,186 

301,480,985  1,391,590  11,163,573,823 

8,022 

* The  monthly amounts reported  by Belgium, France,  Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania and Slovenia  were 
multiplied by 12 to obtain an annual figure and for Austria by 14.  
Source: Questionnaire on cross-border old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions 2018 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A1.17 Number of pensions and amount paid (in €) to pensioners who reside in another 

Member State, 2017 

Old-age pension 

Survivors’ pension 

Invalidity pension 

Total 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

Number of 
persons 

Amount paid 
(in €) 

925 

2,747 

2,971,088 

6,940,424 

22,106,380 

299 
4,507 

7,682 
11,555 

218,234 
n.a. 

22,766 
n.a. 
4,636 

11,252,398 
n.a. 

45,471 
228 
12,722 
n.a. 

131,370 
1,401 
61,461 
42,593 

89,942,196 
n.a. 
6,268,667 

232,070,676 
141,811 
19,345,884 
n.a. 

679,205,520 
1,489,690 
111,663,708 
244,548,400 

52,530 
180,059,289 
567,654  1,813,961,521 
23,045 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
IS 
LI 
NO 
CH 
Total  2,426,787  9,331,807,512  279,166  999,808,461 

3,827,265 
1,735 
744,782,808 
54,561 
33,091,680 
21,572 
3,405,826 
1,166 
442,638,176 
159,520 
134,211 
416,279,971 
355,205  1,122,921,223 
90,951,211 
42,967 
29,739,649 
17,361 
45,487,824 
27,700 
450,773 
105 
205,585,790 
49,708 
531,835,105 
130,823 
490,760  2,250,258,574 
1,089 

607,636 
175,848,648 
1,873,245 
460,372 
5,964,556 
92,194,344 
277,959,418 
24,901,568 
2,444,872 
24,715,548 
23,349 
13,683,666 
19,050,049 

729 
18,422 
2,562 
149 
1,398 
41,388 
77,803 
13,405 
2,115 
11,247 
15 
4,262 
12,514 

327,090,127 

12,234,178 

9,048,303 

74,332 

36,266 

1,580 

23 

8,187 
337 
10,684 
3,618 

1,211 
3,238 

3,746 
3,408 
1,475 

88,369,449 
384,155 
17,458,465 
62,052,572 

176,841 
1,966 
82,020 
46,211 

999,645,645 
2,015,656 
148,468,057 
306,600,971 

1,260,485 
n.a. 

9,127 
19,300 

12,731,117 
n.a. 

23,735,614 
15,254,034 
1,817,022 

79,042 
571,062 
29,156 

293,737,100 
1,829,215,555 
30,192,087 

Average 
amount per 
pensioner (in €) 
5,653 
1,025 
1,810 
6,635 

1,395 
n.a. 

3,716 
3,203 
1,036 

114 

226,867 

3,786 

10,138,379 

2,678 

232 
8,029 
n.a. 
32 
15,639 
5,547 
35,856 
3,437 
2,376 
6,574 
53 
2,901 
n.a. 

526,085 
103,631,220 
n.a. 
108,871 
140,774,783 
30,297,400 
107,107,799 
7,192,930 
2,550,491 
15,297,336 
132,900 
15,231,099 
n.a. 

943 

13,883,545 

2,696 
81,012 
24,134 
1,341 
176,557 
181,146 
468,864 
59,809 
21,852 
45,521 
172 
54,982 
136,584 
490,760 
2,055 

4,960,985 
1,024,262,676 
34,964,925 
3,985,438 
589,377,515 
538,771,715 
1,507,988,448 
123,045,710 
34,735,011 
85,500,696 
607,022 
234,500,554 
550,885,154 
2,250,258,574 
26,192,055 

1,840 
12,643 
1,449 
2,972 
3,338 
2,974 
3,216 
2,057 
1,590 
1,878 
3,529 
4,265 
4,033 
4,585 
12,746 

7,358 

115,780,226 

45,204 

451,918,657 

9,997 

124,995 

763,073,348 

2,811,200  11,094,699,703 

3,947 

*  The  monthly  amounts  reported  by  Bulgaria,  Luxembourg,  Hungary,  Portugal,  Poland,  Romania  and 
Slovenia  were  multiplied  by  12  to  obtain  an  annual  figure  and  by  14  for  Austria.  The  average  weekly 
amounts reported by the UK are multiplied by the number of pension beneficiaries and by 52 weeks. 
**  Estonia,  Ireland,  Croatia,  Ireland,  Lithuania,  Cyprus,  Malta  and  the  Netherlands  only  provided  data  on 
pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member State and who are in receipt of a pension 
from two or more Member States. 
Source: Questionnaire on cross-border old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pensions 2018 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

12. 

STATISTICAL ANNEX II COUNTRY FICHES  

68 

 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.1  Belgium 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total  number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

134,398 

104,307 

28.8% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

2.9% 

1.2% 

76,719 

69,836 

9.9% 

57,273 

33,414 

71.4% 

As receiving Member State 

To other categories 

406 

1,057 

-61.6% 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

167,335 

175,878 

-4.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

3.6% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.5% 

0.3% 

3,844,213 

3,386,986 

13.5% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

35.7% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2)40 

280 

549 

-49.0% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare 

0.003% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

249,004 

159,872 

55.8% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

2.3% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.3% 

0.2% 

264,047 

249,392 

5.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

2.5% 

0.4% 

1,648 

1,543 

6.8% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.47% 

0.17% 

1,101 

1,433 

-23.2% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.3% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

114 

179 

808 

493 

252 

688 

-76.9% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-29.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

10.4% 

16.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

17.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

73.4% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

32,509 

32,004 

1.6% 

Expenditure 

116,837,757 

101,549,014 

15.1% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

176,841 

167,669 

5.5% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

999,645,645 

891,361,400 

12.1% 

% of total pension expenditure 

2.1% 

1.8% 

6.3% 

2.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

40  In  2017  a  total  number  of    13,678  PDs  S2  were  issued  for  more  flexible  parallel  procedures,  of  which  8,383  PDs  S2  related  to  the  IZOM 
agreement.   

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.2  Bulgaria 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

36,220 

19,595 

84.8% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.1% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

14,781 

21,106 

To other categories 

333 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

3,508 

3,867 

-9.3% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.1% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

318,540 

323,238 

-1.5% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

1.9% 

0.3% 

4.3% 

1.6% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

632 

546 

15.8% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare 

0.009% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

12,857 

7,174 

79.2% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.2% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.3% 

0.2% 

5,343 

3,464 

54.2% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

75 

83 

-9.6% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.04% 

0.17% 

11,973 

7,057 

69.7% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

5.8% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

291 

1,056 

210 

510 

38.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

107.1% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

2.4% 

8.8% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

More than 3 months 

10,626 

6,337 

67.7% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

88.7% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

1,966 

1,896 

3.7% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

2,015,656 

1,711,684 

17.8% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.1% 

0.1% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.3  Czech Republic 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

67,933 

47,578 

42.8% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.3% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

11,310 

11,145 

1.5% 

55,700 

35,672 

56.1% 

21.3% 

As receiving Member State 

To other categories 

923 

761 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

24,227 

22,697 

6.7% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.5% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.4% 

0.3% 

App. 
10,000,000 

10,000,000 

0.0% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

95.3% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

150 

139 

7.9% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.001% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

64,724 

52,550 

23.2% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.6% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

0.2% 

97,451 

82,495 

18.1% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.9% 

0.4% 

207 

197 

5.1% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.13% 

0.17% 

329 

522 

-37.0% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.2% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

37 

135 

157 

85 

179 

258 

-56.5% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-24.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

11.2% 

41.0% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

-39.1% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

47.7% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

861 

957 

-10.0% 

Expenditure 

1,050,864 

1,030,027 

2.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

82,020 

79,493 

3.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

148,468,057 

133,690,233 

11.1% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.1% 

0.1% 

2.8% 

1.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.4  Denmark 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

37,848 

29,595 

27.9% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.3% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

8,250 

6,508 

26.8% 

27,688 

22,288 

24.2% 

To other categories 

1,910 

799 

139.0% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

15,592 

15,626 

-0.2% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.6% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.2% 

0.3% 

Max. 
4,312,488 

3,990,000 

8.1% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

75.7% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

139 

137 

1.5% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.002% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

13,408 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.2% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.2% 

657 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

2,169 

2,023 

7.2% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

1.26% 

0.17% 

231 

122 

89.3% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

181 

9 

41 

80 

0 

42 

126.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

78.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

3.9% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

-2.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

17.7% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

4,693 

31,382,188 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

46,211 

45,199 

2.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

306,600,971 

295,634,056 

3.7% 

% of total pension expenditure 

3.1% 

1.1% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.5  Germany 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

399,745 

260,068 

53.7% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.0% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

332,091 

321,766 

3.2% 

62,877 

22,778 

176.0% 

To other categories 

4,777 

5,524 

-13.5% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

427,175 

432,510 

-1.2% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

1.0% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.2% 

0.3% 

n.a. 

0.1% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

10,952 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.014% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

353,653 

288,907 

22.4% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.5% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.2% 

238,062 

206,131 

15.5% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.3% 

0.4% 

6,482 

5,688 

14.0% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.40% 

0.17% 

1,252 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

105 

203 

944 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

233,315 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

8.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

16.2% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

75.4% 

69.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

3.2% 

0.9% 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.6  Estonia 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

18,977 

17,953 

5.7% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

2.9% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

6,305 

6,327 

-0.3% 

12,456 

11,411 

9.2% 

0.5% 

As receiving Member State 

To other categories 

216 

215 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

3,052 

3,733 

-18.2% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.5% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

0.5% 

0.3% 

n.a. 

0.3% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

0.009% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

38 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

1,569 

1,374 

14.2% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.2% 

2,592 

1,955 

32.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.2% 

0.4% 

48 

58 

-17.2% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.12% 

0.17% 

187 

234 

-20.1% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.5% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

47 

44 

96 

52 

43 

-9.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

2.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

25.1% 

23.5% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

139 

-30.9% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

51.3% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

530 

464 

14.2% 

Expenditure 

1,362,826 

886,581 

53.7% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

9,127 

12,731,117 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.3% 

0.6% 

2.2% 

1.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.7  Ireland 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

7,745 

7,339 

5.5% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.4% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

3,222 

3,303 

-2.5% 

4,180 

3,694 

13.2% 

To other categories 

343 

342 

0.3% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

6,171 

5,748 

7.4% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.3% 

0.7% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

884 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

1,283,035 

1,602,694 

-19.9% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

0.1% 

0.3% 

App. 
28.0% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

0.1% 

0.009% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

3,319 

2,792 

18.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

1,257 

791 

58.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

897 

763 

17.6% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.57% 

0.17% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

4,452 

4,839 

-8.0% 

Expenditure 

15,902,341 

17,321,182 

-8.2% 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

19,300 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

0.7% 

0.6% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

2.1% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.8  Greece 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

7,204 

6,924 

4.0% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

4,238 

3,941 

7.5% 

2,926 

2,932 

-0.2% 

To other categories 

40 

51 

-21.6% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

8,109 

5,670 

43.0% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.2% 

0.3% 

167,666 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

465 

385 

20.8% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare 

0.007% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

0 

0 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

845 

3,337 

-74.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

0.2% 

45 

54,041 

-99.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

0.0% 

0.0% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.17% 

0.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.9  Spain 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

191,148 

147,424 

29.7% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.0% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

110,868 

100,469 

10.4% 

77,663 

44,340 

75.2% 

To other categories 

2,617 

2,615 

0.1% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

60,488 

52,253 

15.8% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

4,637,530 

4,096,326 

13.2% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

0.3% 

9.6% 

0.1% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

373 

376 

-0.8% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.001% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

11,652 

8,297 

40.4% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

169,455 

167,387 

1.2% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.4% 

0.4% 

1,707 

2,671 

-36.1% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.04% 

0.17% 

3,407 

3,538 

-3.7% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

1,289 

739 

More than 3 months 

1,379 

1,584 

798 

1,156 

-18.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-7.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

37.8% 

21.7% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

19.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

40.5% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

34 

35 

-2.9% 

Expenditure 

29,730 

41,328 

-28.1% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

79,042 

79,450 

-0.5% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

293,737,100 

255,194,324 

15.1% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.8% 

0.2% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.10 France 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS 
other than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

111,659 

135,974 

-17.9% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.4% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of 
Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

109,168 

132,012 

-17.3% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

916 

To other categories 

1,575 

3,259 

703 

-71.9% 

124.0% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted 
workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

241,363 

201,629 

19.7% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.9% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in 
total health expenditure related to 
benefits in kind 

5,255,419 

9,084,040 

-42.1% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

0.3% 

7.9% 

0.1% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

4,716 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare 

0.007% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member State 
where (s)he is insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than 
the competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member State 
where (s)he is insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit 
(PD U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for 
the award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only 
unemployed migrant workers) 

4,164 

6,281 

-33.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS 
other than the competent MS as share 
in total health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.2% 

487,006 

72,971 

567.4% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.7% 

0.4% 

2,700 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons who 
exported their unemployment benefit 

0.10% 

0.17% 

7,347 

7,311 

0.5% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD 
U1 

0.3% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

2,809 

2,732 

2.8% 

Between 1 and 3 months 

1,157 

1,051 

10.1% 

More than 3 months 

3,381 

3,528 

-4.2% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 
received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 
received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 
received 

% of the households entitled to a 
family benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to 
households living abroad 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another 
Member State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

1,829,215,555 

1,823,956,764 

0.3% 

% of total pension expenditure 

571,062 

876,598 

-34.9% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

38.2% 

17.4% 

15.7% 

13.6% 

46.0% 

69.0% 

3.0% 

0.6% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.11 Croatia 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

60,026 

42,602 

40.9% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

3.7% 

1.2% 

41,195 

36,142 

14.0% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

14,023 

To other categories 

4,808 

2,581 

3,879 

443.3% 

23.9% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

12,791 

9,807 

30.4% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.8% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.6% 

0.3% 

501,614 

401,072 

25.1% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

12.1% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.3% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

460 

466 

-1.3% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.011% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

97 

8 

7 

82 

6 

2,070 

2,251 

-8.0% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.2% 

41,341 

27,311 

51.4% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

1.0% 

0.4% 

127 

47 

170.2% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.06% 

0.17% 

146 

-33.6% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

15 

18 

-46.7% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-61.1% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

8.2% 

7.2% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

113 

-27.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

84.5% 

69.0% 

Expenditure 

2,416 

3,808 

-36.6% 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

29,156 

28,425 

2.6% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

30,192,087 

29,600,499 

2.0% 

% of total pension expenditure 

12 

-50.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

0.0% 

0.0% 

2.4% 

0.7% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.12 Italy 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

152,528 

114,515 

33.2% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.7% 

1.2% 

129,732 

106,395 

21.9% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

20,359 

To other categories 

2,437 

5,458 

2,662 

273.0% 

-8.5% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

64,669 

61,010 

6.0% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.1% 

0.3% 

60,000,000 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

100.0% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.1% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare 

0.000% 

0.009% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

147 

n.a. 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

3,408 

23,888 

-85.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

7,350 

19,548 

-62.4% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

450 

440 

2.3% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.02% 

0.17% 

3,345 

4,486 

-25.4% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

543,076,684 

% of total pension expenditure 

176,080 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

3.2% 

0.9% 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.13 Cyprus 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

4,040 

3,552 

13.7% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.1% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

81 

169 

-52.1% 

3,868 

3,263 

18.5% 

To other categories 

91 

120 

-24.2% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

1,256 

968 

29.8% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.0% 

0.3% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

n.a. 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

320 

382 

-16.2% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.049% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

29 

2 

3 

24 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

3,786 

10,138,379 

435 

814 

-46.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.0% 

0.2% 

14,869 

15,111 

-1.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

2.3% 

0.4% 

47 

67 

-29.9% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.10% 

0.17% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

6.9% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

10.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

82.8% 

69.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

2.8% 

0.5% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.14 Latvia 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

20,689 

10,830 

91.0% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

2.3% 

1.2% 

1,629 

2,446 

-33.4% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

17,289 

To other categories 

1,771 

6,602 

1,782 

161.9% 

-0.6% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

1,356 

1,079 

25.7% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

1.2% 

0.3% 

270,620 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

12.0% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.4% 

0.1% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.008% 

0.009% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

191 

n.a. 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

1,530 

1,387 

10.3% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.3% 

0.2% 

1,084 

607 

78.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

276 

247 

11.7% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.32% 

0.17% 

25 

4 

4 

17 

39 

16 

7 

16 

-35.9% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

-75.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-42.9% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

16.0% 

16.0% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

6.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

68.0% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

1,579 

1,320 

19.6% 

Expenditure 

1,427,376 

1,321,885 

8.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

0.7% 

0.6% 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

6,600 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

6,078,807 

% of total pension expenditure 

3.2% 

0.9% 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.15 Lithuania 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

70,180 

30,723 

128.4% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

5.2% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

26,548 

25,371 

4.6% 

43,099 

4,738 

809.6% 

To other categories 

533 

614 

-13.2% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

2,261 

1,888 

19.8% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.9% 

0.3% 

494,863 

442,992 

11.7% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

16.9% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.6% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

42 

35 

20.0% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.001% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

1,062 

951 

11.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

0.2% 

8,180 

5,050 

62.0% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.3% 

0.4% 

195 

162 

20.4% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.19% 

0.17% 

1,479 

1,779 

-16.9% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

1.4% 

0.3% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

0 

0 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

71 

-100.0% 

14,609 

-100.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

2,696 

2,713 

-0.6% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

4,960,985 

4,758,835 

4.2% 

% of total pension expenditure 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.3% 

0.2% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.16 Luxembourg 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS 
other than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

73,875 

68,725 

7.5% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

17.1% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of 
Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

58,686 

55,364 

6.0% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

14,238 

12,629 

To other categories 

951 

732 

12.7% 

29.9% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted 
workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

32,664 

26,584 

22.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

7.6% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.3% 

680,232 

681,191 

-0.1% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

78.8% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

12,658 

12,889 

-1.8% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

1.467% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member State 
where (s)he is insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than 
the competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member State 
where (s)he is insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit 
(PD U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for 
the award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only 
unemployed migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

213,146 

203,998 

4.5% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

24.7% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

5,664 

5,463 

3.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.7% 

0.4% 

219 

221 

-0.9% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

1.37% 

0.17% 

62 

0 

5 

57 

39 

2 

3 

34 

59.0% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.4% 

0.3% 

-100.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

66.7% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

0.0% 

8.1% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

67.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

91.9% 

69.0% 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

87,668 

88,323 

-0.7% 

Expenditure 

449,704,923 

478,905,041 

-6.1% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

54.8% 

48.2% 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another 
Member State 

81,012 

77,772 

4.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

46.3% 

3.2% 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

1,024,262,676 

965,389,644 

6.1% 

% of total pension expenditure 

26.7% 

0.9% 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.17 Hungary 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

82,881 

65,185 

27.1% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.9% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

62,873 

61,365 

2.5% 

19,540 

3,498 

458.6% 

To other categories 

468 

322 

45.3% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

12,924 

11,295 

14.4% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.3% 

0.3% 

1,322,846 

1,281,022 

3.3% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

32.2% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

300 

241 

24.5% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.007% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

10,666 

10,010 

6.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.3% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

63,837 

59,963 

6.5% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

1.6% 

0.4% 

35 

29 

20.7% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.02% 

0.17% 

2,536 

1,960 

29.4% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

1.3% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

293 

512 

71 

231 

312.7% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

121.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

11.6% 

20.2% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

More than 3 months 

1,731 

1,658 

4.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

68.3% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

24,134 

24,837 

-2.8% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

34,964,925 

35,937,096 

-2.7% 

% of total pension expenditure 

1.1% 

0.4% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.18 Malta 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

To other categories 

1,388 

145 

827 

416 

As receiving Member State 

504 

110 

219 

175 

% 
change 

175.4% 

31.8% 

277.6% 

137.7% 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.7% 

1.2% 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

2,531 

2,317 

9.2% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

1.2% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.2% 

0.3% 

206,732 

193,115 

7.1% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

44.9% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

28 

35 

-20.0% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.006% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

1,219 

550 

121.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.3% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.0% 

0.2% 

4,056 

3,936 

3.0% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.9% 

0.4% 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

11 

1 

9 

7 

0 

2 

2 

-100.0% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.00% 

0.17% 

-77.8% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

-100.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

0.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

0.0% 

0.0% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

0.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

100.0% 

69.0% 

450.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

3,776 

1,838 

105.4% 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

1,341 

1,287 

4.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

3,985,438 

4,029,000 

-1.1% 

% of total pension expenditure 

1.5% 

0.6% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.19 The Netherlands 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

103,738 

98,687 

5.1% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.2% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

22,305 

28,394 

-21.4% 

79,823 

68,377 

16.7% 

To other categories 

1,610 

1,916 

-16.0% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

111,522 

90,237 

23.6% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

1.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.8% 

0.3% 

11,141,105 

13,000,000 

-14.3% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

65.5% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

0.1% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.006% 

0.009% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

1,055 

n.a. 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

197,524 

205,163 

-3.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

1.2% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.6% 

0.2% 

38,689 

37,812 

2.3% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.2% 

0.4% 

4,793 

4,462 

7.4% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

1.09% 

0.17% 

63 

10 

27 

26 

61 

11 

23 

27 

3.3% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

-9.1% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

17.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

15.9% 

42.9% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

-3.7% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

41.3% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

17,722 

18,476 

-4.1% 

Expenditure 

62,395,686 

64,134,807 

-2.7% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

176,557 

158,786 

11.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

589,377,515 

437,100,784 

34.8% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.9% 

0.8% 

5.0% 

0.7% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.20 Austria 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

68,956 

75,132 

-8.2% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.6% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

50,303 

62,526 

-19.5% 

17,810 

11,624 

53.2% 

To other categories 

843 

982 

-14.2% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

141,046 

119,654 

17.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

3.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.8% 

0.3% 

8,342,408 

8,272,788 

0.8% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

93.8% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

4,762 

4,637 

2.7% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.054% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

145,527 

140,027 

3.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

1.6% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.5% 

0.2% 

39,526 

40,048 

-1.3% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.4% 

0.4% 

1,682 

1,833 

-8.2% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.68% 

0.17% 

3,433 

3,670 

-6.5% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

1.4% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

421 

259 

424 

280 

-0.7% 

-7.5% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

12.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

7.5% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

More than 3 months 

2,753 

2,966 

-7.2% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

80.2% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

71,236 

72,264 

-1.4% 

Expenditure 

255,892,490 

272,562,920 

-6.1% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

181,146 

178,307 

1.6% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

538,771,715 

514,608,946 

4.7% 

% of total pension expenditure 

5.9% 

5.4% 

7.5% 

1.1% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.21 Poland 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS 
other than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of 
Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

573,358 

513,972 

11.6% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

3.5% 

1.2% 

235,836 

254,926 

-7.5% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according 
to Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

324,999 

248,214 

To other categories 

12,523 

10,832 

30.9% 

15.6% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted 
workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 
883/2004  

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

20,620 

17,636 

16.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.1% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

3,322,208 

1,988,588 

67.1% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.8% 

0.3% 

9.8% 

0.5% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

111 

100 

11.0% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.000% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member State 
where (s)he is insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other 
than the competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to 
healthcare if the person does not live in the Member State 
where (s)he is insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment 
benefit (PD U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker 
in another Member State that are to be taken into 
account for the award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) 
(only unemployed migrant workers) 

14,967 

14,006 

6.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.3% 

0.2% 

157,067 

139,108 

12.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.5% 

0.4% 

128 

206 

-37.9% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.02% 

0.17% 

1,044 

1,788 

-41.6% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

87 

215 

742 

137 

401 

-36.5% 

-46.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

8.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

20.6% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

1,250 

-40.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

71.1% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

69,981 

32,509 

115.3% 

Expenditure 

91,570,489 

33,960,376 

169.6% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another 
Member State 

468,864 

2,97741 

15,649.5% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

1,507,988,448 

5,492,420 

27,355.8% 

% of total pension expenditure 

1.2% 

1.2% 

4.9% 

3.4% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

41  In  2016,  the  figures  reported  by  Poland  regarding  Old-age,  survivors’  and  invalidity  pensions  are  incomplete  (they  do  not  contain  the 
information on pensions in competence of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS), i.e. pensions paid from the general social insurance system), 
which explains the extremely high evolution between 2016 and 2017.  

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.22 Portugal 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

85,074 

64,459 

32.0% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.8% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

64,320 

62,005 

3.7% 

20,070 

892 

2,150.0% 

To other categories 

684 

1,562 

-56.2% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

22,639 

18,093 

25.1% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.5% 

0.7% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

60 

n.a. 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

1,639,601 

1,614,515 

1.6% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

8,794 

4,015 

119.0% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

33,050 

11,759 

181.1% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

n.a 

0.1% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

0.009% 

0.4% 

0.2% 

0.4% 

648 

1,183 

-45.2% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.14% 

0.17% 

114 

126 

-9.5% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

16 

37 

61 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

3,413 

1,464,722 

21 

27 

78 

n.a. 

n.a. 

-23.8% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

37.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

14.0% 

32.5% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

-21.8% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

53.5% 

69.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

59,809 

58,517 

2.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

123,045,710 

119,903,701 

2.6% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.4% 

1.2% 

2.0% 

0.5% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.23 Romania 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

84,743 

50,855 

66.6% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

1.0% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

46,733 

48,710 

-4.1% 

37,470 

1,428 

2,523.9% 

To other categories 

540 

717 

-24.7% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

12,036 

9,947 

21.0% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.1% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

258,738 

225,657 

14.7% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

1.9% 

0.3% 

1.6% 

0.9% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

711 

610 

16.6% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.004% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

23,488 

20,667 

13.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.8% 

0.2% 

15,286 

12,924 

18.3% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

9 

29 

-69.0% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.00% 

0.17% 

33 

0 

10 

23 

26 

2 

9 

15 

26.9% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

-100.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

0.0% 

11.1% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

30.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

53.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

69.7% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

12,349 

13,371 

-7.6% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

0.3% 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

n.a. 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

21,852 

9,152 

138.8% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

34,735,011 

16,242,118 

113.9% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.4% 

0.3% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.24 Slovenia 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

190,976 

164,226 

16.3% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

19.9% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

163,876 

150,922 

8.6% 

26,559 

13,132 

102.2% 

To other categories 

541 

172 

214.5% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

6,357 

5,056 

25.7% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.7% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

1.2% 

0.3% 

915,680 

865,170 

5.8% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

41.4% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.8% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

366 

418 

-12.4% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.017% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

9,213 

9,238 

-0.3% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.4% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.3% 

0.2% 

17,801 

15,138 

17.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.8% 

0.4% 

37 

35 

5.7% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.06% 

0.17% 

1,526 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

2.3% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

380 

156 

990 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

24.9% 

10.2% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

64.9% 

69.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

45,521 

44,662 

1.9% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

85,500,696 

83,337,036 

2.6% 

% of total pension expenditure 

7.1% 

2.6% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.25 Slovakia 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

112,978 

112,028 

0.8% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

4.5% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

90,793 

89,649 

1.3% 

21,696 

21,692 

0.0% 

To other categories 

489 

687 

-28.8% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

13,759 

9,631 

42.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.5% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.8% 

0.3% 

3,649,544 

2,429,445 

50.2% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

70.8% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.4% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

914 

759 

20.4% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.018% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

18,270 

12,627 

44.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.4% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

0.2% 

38,469 

40,117 

-4.1% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.7% 

0.4% 

88 

75 

17.3% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.04% 

0.17% 

1,067 

1,040 

2.6% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.5% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

185 

125 

757 

171 

154 

715 

8.2% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-18.8% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

17.3% 

11.7% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

5.9% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

70.9% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

9,896 

5,617 

76.2% 

Expenditure 

10,536,579 

7,185,073 

46.6% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

172 

607,022 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

1.4% 

1.6% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.26 Finland 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

8,061 

8,155 

-1.2% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.3% 

1.2% 

3,541 

3,707 

-4.5% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

3,314 

To other categories 

1,206 

3,230 

1,218 

2.6% 

-1.0% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

22,252 

20,812 

6.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.9% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.2% 

0.3% 

1,869,780 

1,755,847 

6.5% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

33.9% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

106 

126 

-15.9% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.002% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

12,582 

5,515 

128.1% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.2% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.1% 

0.2% 

713 

758 

-5.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

268 

289 

-7.3% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.11% 

0.17% 

160 

123 

30.1% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.1% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

12 

38 

More than 3 months 

110 

18 

52 

26 

-33.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

7.5% 

-26.9% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

23.8% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

323.1% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

68.8% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

3,887 

4,650 

-16.4% 

Expenditure 

4,263,954 

5,925,801 

-28.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

54,982 

55,756 

-1.4% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

234,500,554 

230,739,037 

1.6% 

% of total pension expenditure 

0.7% 

0.3% 

3.6% 

0.9% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.27 Sweden 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

10,710 

11,456 

-6.5% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

1.2% 

3,144 

3,651 

-13.9% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

6,635 

To other categories 

931 

6,801 

1,004 

-2.4% 

-7.3% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

44,005 

38,989 

12.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.9% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

3,931,655 

4,171,193 

-5.7% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

0.1% 

0.3% 

n.a. 

0.1% 

42.2% 

0.1% 

0.009% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

139 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

9,673 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.0% 

0.2% 

2,116 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

215 

189 

13.8% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

0.06% 

0.17% 

134 

242 

-44.6% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

48 

37 

49 

83 

61 

98 

-42.2% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

-39.3% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

35.8% 

27.6% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

-50.0% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

36.6% 

69.0% 

Family benefits42 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

569 

457 

24.5% 

Expenditure 

551,147 

45,252 

1,118.0% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

136,584 

550,885,154 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

4.5% 

11.8% 

5.1% 

1.2% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

42  Data  only  include  the  ‘surviving  children’s  allowance’.  This  is  not  the  main  family  benefit  in  Sweden  as 
‘only’  12,694  households  received  this  benefit  in  2017.  A  child  benefit  (Barnbidrag)  is  paid  to  1,420,416 
households. However, no figures are available on the export of the ‘Barnibedrag’. 

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                           
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.28 United Kingdom 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

2017 

2016 

% change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

49,496 

49,210 

0.6% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

1.2% 

33,780 

33,647 

0.4% 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

13,838 

To other categories 

1,878 

13,478 

2,085 

2.7% 

-9.9% 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

59,587 

56,520 

5.4% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in 
total health expenditure related to 
benefits in kind 

0.0% 

0.3% 

26,723,920 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

42.2% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

1,352 

1,347 

0.4% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.002% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

156,090 

157,937 

-1.2% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.2% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS 
other than the competent MS as share 
in total health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

5,515 

5,111 

7.9% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

256 

301 

-15.0% 

% of unemployed persons who 
exported their unemployment benefit 

0.02% 

0.17% 

102 

182 

-44.0% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD 
U1 

0.0% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

15,046 

18,200 

-17.3% 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

490,760 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

2,250,258,574 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

Share in total number of PDs U1 
received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 
received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 
received 

% of the households entitled to a 
family benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to 
households living abroad 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

0.2% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

3.7% 

0.8% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

96 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.29 Iceland 

2017 

2016 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

To other categories 

As receiving Member State 

293 

162 

95 

36 

239 

126 

70 

43 

% 
change 

22.6% 

28.6% 

35.7% 

-16.3% 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

1.2% 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

1,739 

1,373 

26.7% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.9% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.1% 

0.3% 

142,644 

142,361 

0.2% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

40.5% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

22 

20 

10.0% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.006% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

195 

480,868 

456 

401 

13.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

63 

64 

-1.6% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

417 

31 

6 

1 

24 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

0.17% 

0.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

2,055 

1,890 

8.7% 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

26,192,055 

23,946,116 

9.4% 

% of total pension expenditure 

3.1% 

2.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.30 Liechtenstein 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

1,024 

1,343 

-23.8% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

To other categories 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

32 

976 

16 

715 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

65 

-50.8% 

1,278 

-23.6% 

0 

840 

-14.9% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

0 

38,866 

38,982 

-0.3% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

100.0% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.1% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

2,168 

496 

337.1% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

5.6% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

130 

0 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.3% 

0.4% 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

16,866 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

95,096,108 

% of total pension expenditure 

1.2% 

0.7% 

0.3% 

0.17% 

0.3% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

69.0% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.31 Norway 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

4,097 

4,134 

-0.9% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.2% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

2,100 

1,829 

To other categories 

168 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

As receiving Member State 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

22,882 

23,706 

-3.5% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

0.9% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.0% 

0.3% 

2,000,000 

1,500,000 

33.3% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

37.7% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.0% 

0.1% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.000% 

0.009% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

1 

n.a. 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

36,423 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.7% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.0% 

0.2% 

192 

n.a. 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.0% 

0.4% 

1,884 

1,830 

3.0% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

1.62% 

0.17% 

224 

206 

8.7% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

0.2% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

More than 3 months 

94 

35 

94 

90 

26 

90 

4.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

34.6% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

42.2% 

15.7% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

4.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

42.2% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

10,039 

12,218 

-17.8% 

Expenditure 

18,553,274 

20,973,390 

-11.5% 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

45,204 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

451,918,657 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

1.4% 

1.1% 

3.4% 

1.3% 

3.2% 

0.9% 

99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coordination of social security systems at a glance 

Table A2.32 Switzerland 

Applicable legislation 

As sending Member State 

2017 

2016 

% 
change 

Indicator 

Member 
State 

Average 
reporting 
MSs 

Total number of forms issued to persons insured in a MS other 
than the MS of (temporary) employment (PD A1) 

31,291 

23,887 

31.0% 

Number of forms issued as % in total 
employed population 

0.7% 

1.2% 

Of which To posted workers according to Art. 12 of Regulation 
(EC) No 883/2004 

To persons active in two or more Member States according to 
Art. 13 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 

15,272 

11,727 

30.2% 

14,235 

11,193 

27.2% 

84.5% 

As receiving Member State 

To other categories 

1,784 

967 

Number of forms received which are issued to posted workers 
according to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004  

105,689 

104,210 

1.4% 

Number of forms received as % in total 
employed population 

2.3% 

0.7% 

Cross-border healthcare 

Total cross-border healthcare 

Reimbursement of cross-border healthcare 

Unplanned healthcare 

EHICs in circulation 

Reimbursement of unplanned healthcare in kind 

Planned healthcare 

Cross-border healthcare as share in total 
health expenditure related to benefits in 
kind 

0.0% 

0.3% 

8,200,000 

8,200,000 

0.0% 

% of insured persons with a EHIC 

100.0% 

42.2% 

Unplanned treatment as share in total 
health expenditure in kind  

0.1% 

Number of prior authorisations issued to receive planned 
healthcare  (PD S2) 

95 

89 

6.7% 

% of insured persons with a prior 
authorisation PD S2 to receive planned 
healthcare  

0.001% 

0.009% 

Persons residing in a Member State other than the competent 
Member State 

As sending Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Reimbursement of healthcare (sickness benefits in kind) 
provided to persons residing in a Member State other than the 
competent Member State 

As receiving Member State 

Number of certificates in circulation of entitlement to healthcare 
if the person does not live in the Member State where (s)he is 
insured (PD S1) 

Unemployment 

Export of unemployment benefits 

Number of authorisations to export unemployment benefit (PD 
U2) 

Aggregation of periods for unemployment benefits 

Number of certificates proving periods of insurance, 
employment or self-employment completed by a worker in 
another Member State that are to be taken into account for the 
award of unemployment benefits (PD U1) (only unemployed 
migrant workers) 

91,517 

70,563 

29.7% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

1.1% 

0.4% 

Treatment to persons living in a MS other 
than the competent MS as share in total 
health expenditure in kind 

0.2% 

11,664 

12,167 

-4.1% 

% of insured persons with a PD S1 

0.1% 

0.4% 

3,108 

2,616 

18.8% 

% of unemployed persons who exported 
their unemployment benefit 

2.11% 

0.17% 

2,599 

2,661 

-2.3% 

% of unemployed persons with a PD U1 

1.8% 

0.3% 

Of which less than 1 month 

Between 1 and 3 months 

353 

302 

374 

316 

-5.6% 

-4.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

13.6% 

11.6% 

17.4% 

13.6% 

More than 3 months 

1,944 

1,971 

-1.4% 

Share in total number of PDs U1 received 

74.8% 

69.0% 

Family benefits 

Persons entitled to a family benefit 

Expenditure 

Old-age, survivors' and invalidity pensions 

Pensions exported to pensioners who reside in another Member 
State 

Amount paid as Member State of export 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

n.a. 

% of the households entitled to a family 
benefit living abroad 

% of family benefits paid to households 
living abroad 

% of total pensions beneficiaries 

% of total pension expenditure 

3.2% 

0.9% 

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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