Publication of the amended single document following the approval of a minor amendment pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 53(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 2020/C 243/10
Date: 2020-07-23
Institutions: Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, European Commission
Subjects: Galicia, Spain, consumer information, designation of origin, labelling, nut, product designation, quality control of agricultural products








C_2020243EN.01001801.xml










23.7.2020   


EN


Official Journal of the European Union


C 243/18






Publication of the amended single document following the approval of a minor amendment pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 53(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012
(2020/C 243/10)
The European Commission has approved this minor amendment in accordance with the third subparagraph of Article 6(2) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 664/2014 (1).
The application for approval of this minor amendment can be consulted in the Commission’s eAmbrosia database.
SINGLE DOCUMENT
‘CASTAÑA DE GALICIA’


EU No: PGI-ES-0609-AM01 – 31.1.2020


PDO ( ) PGI (X)

1.   Name

‘Castaña de Galicia’
2.   Member State or third country

Spain
3.   Description of the agricultural product or foodstuff

3.1.   Type of product

Class 1.6 Fruit, vegetables and cereals, fresh or processed
3.2.   Description of the product to which the name in (1) applies

The protected geographical indication ‘Castaña de Galicia’ is reserved for the nuts obtained from native Galician cultivars of the European chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) intended for human consumption and sold fresh or frozen.
These cultivars include the whole set of local ecotypes arising from selections made by farmers over centuries in order to improve their productive and quality aspects, and their morphology and genetic specificity have been precisely described and identified, distinguishing them from chestnuts produced in other areas in Spain, Portugal and France. The cultivars are regarded as irreplaceable plant genetic resources in terms of safeguarding biological and genetic diversity, and have been described, in line with the legal definition, as ‘conservation varieties’.
The use of traditional chestnut cultivation techniques in Galicia has made it possible to select a uniform set of native cultivars on which the current fame and reputation of the Galician chestnut is based.
The main distinguishing characteristics of ‘Castaña de Galicia’ are:






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thin, shiny brown pericarp,










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thin episperm (membrane) which penetrates the seed slightly and is easily removed by peeling,










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sweet taste and firm, non-floury texture,










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moisture content of between 50 % and 60 % in the nut after harvesting,










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the number of nuts per cupule is usually three or less,










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average percentage of carbohydrates is 59,5 % (measured on dry matter), which is higher than in all the other production areas in Spain,










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very low average percentages of splitting (4,5 %) and partitioning (2,1 %). Galician chestnuts have the lowest overall figure for both parameters compared with chestnuts from other Spanish production areas.




Having given the average figures which define Galician chestnuts, below is a list of the characteristics which nuts must have if they are to be protected by the ‘Castaña de Galicia’ PGI following harvesting:






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minimum moisture content of 50 % and maximum moisture content of 60 %,










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maximum percentage of partitioned nuts: 12 %,










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minimum percentage of carbohydrates: 55 %,










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maximum number of nuts per kilogram not greater than 120 in the case of fresh produce and 200 in the case of frozen produce.




Each package of PGI ‘Castaña de Galicia’ chestnuts may contain a maximum of 5 % of nuts that do not comply with the above requirements.
The freezing process is intended only to extend the product’s conservation period and does not constitute processing in the strict meaning of the term, therefore the fresh and frozen nuts share the same physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics mentioned above.
3.3.   Feed (for products of animal origin only) and raw materials (for processed products only)

—
3.4.   Specific steps in production that must take place in the defined geographical area

With the exception of the actual cultivation, there are no specific steps in production that must take place in the defined geographical area.
3.5.   Specific rules concerning slicing, grating, packaging, etc. of the product to which the registered name refers

PGI ‘Castaña de Galicia’ chestnuts are sold in netting, raffia or sacking in the case of fresh chestnuts, and in the case of frozen chestnuts, in packaging designed for food use and authorised by current food legislation. In both cases, the permitted weights are 500 g, 1 kg, 2,5 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg and 25 kg. Other formats may be considered, provided that they do not undermine product quality.
3.6.   Specific rules concerning labelling of the product to which the registered name refers

The packaging of chestnuts marketed under the protected geographical indication ‘Castaña de Galicia’ must bear the commercial label of the producer/packer and the specific label of the PGI, with the official PGI logo.
Both the commercial label and the specific label of the PGI must bear the words ‘Indicación Geográfica Protegida “Castaña de Galicia”’.
The labels for processed products (such as chestnut purée, chestnut paste, chestnuts in syrup, chestnuts in alcohol, marrón glacé, marrón glacé sweets, etc.) may state that PGI ‘Castaña de Galicia’ chestnuts have been used in their preparation, provided that the raw material complies with the requirements laid down in the product specification.
4.   Concise definition of the geographical area

The geographical area defined for the production of ‘Castaña de Galicia’ comprises the part of the Autonomous Community of Galicia that is bordered in the west by the Dorsal Gallega and in the north by the Sierra del Xistral.
Administratively, the production area covers:






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province of A Coruña: the comarca of Terra de Melide and the municipalities of Arzúa and Boimorto (comarca of Arzúa),










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the entire province of Lugo, with the exception of the municipalities of O Vicedo, Viveiro, Xove and Cervo (comarca of Mariña Occidental), Burela and Foz (comarca of Mariña Central) and Barreiros and Ribadeo (comarca of Mariña Oriental),










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all municipalities in the province of Ourense,










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province of Pontevedra: the comarcas of Tabeirós-Terra de Montes and Deza, the municipalities of Cotobade, A Lama and Campo Lameiro (comarca of Pontevedra) and the municipality of Cuntis (comarca of Caldas),










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the defined production area has optimum rainfall, temperature and soil conditions, altitudes and temperature/rainfall ratios for the cultivation of quality chestnuts.




5.   Link with the geographical area

5.1.   Specificity of the geographical area

The defined geographical area enjoys favourable climatic conditions that ensure good crop development and the top quality of Galician chestnuts; these include moderate temperatures during growth and ripening and a level of atmospheric humidity that produces nuts with a high moisture content, characteristics which guarantee a high-quality product.
The specific characteristics of the defined geographical area that are directly related to the parameters considered optimal for chestnuts are described in more detail below:






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rainfall: the production area has high rainfall with total annual precipitation of around 1 000 mm, but there are also dry summer periods which end in September. Both of these factors contribute to the quality of the chestnuts. The areas of Galicia closest to the coast, where the parameters recommended for cultivation are exceeded, are excluded from the production area,










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temperature: the area has average annual temperatures of 6–14 °C, which are within the limits recommended for chestnuts (3–16 °C), with high summer temperatures that promote nut ripening and development,










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average temperature/rainfall ratios: the eastern half of Galicia has the more favourable average temperature/rainfall ratio for chestnuts, a species which develops better where there is a certain amount of atmospheric humidity, but which must under no circumstances be excessive as this would encourage the development of diseases such as ink disease and chestnut blight,










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altitude: the defined area lies at altitudes to which chestnut trees are best adapted (range of 400–900 m, but not above 1 200 m),










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soils and lithology: the greater part of the area consists of soil on granite and metamorphic rock (schists and shale), of loamy texture, rich in organic matter with low pH and a low active lime content, which is regarded as the most suitable type of soil for growing chestnuts.




Chestnut growing is very valuable in environmental terms and is perfectly suited to the soil and climatic conditions prevailing in the mountainous and highland areas of the interior of Galicia, where it is the most competitive alternative crop. The way in which land use has developed over time (in favour of fast-growing timber species and crops such as maize and potatoes) has become a factor that has helped to demarcate the area in question.
5.2.   Specificity of the product

In addition to the specificity provided by appropriate soil and climatic conditions in the production area, mentioned in the previous point, which result in optimal nut development, the production of Galician chestnuts is based on intensive selection work carried out over centuries by Galician farmers in the soutos (plantations consisting of trees of the same or similar age to which the same cultivation techniques are applied). Thus through the use of careful, traditional cultivation practices, the human factor has acted as a driving force in continuous varietal selection (based on productive and quality characteristics), producing a series of native ecotypes which have resulted in what has today become the high-quality Galician chestnut. This combination of factors is what has endowed this chestnut with the fame and prestige it enjoys today.
In addition to demonstrating the link with the culture and tradition of chestnut-growing in Galicia, the souto production model, still in use today, plays the important role of providing a source of plant material for use in new chestnut plantations where modern cultivation techniques can be applied.
The characteristics which make the quality of Galician chestnuts special compared with chestnuts from other production areas include the following:






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thin episperm, which makes the nut much easier to peel,










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low percentage of partitioned nuts which, like the thin episperm, means that the nut is much easier to peel,










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high moisture content, a much-appreciated factor both when consuming the nuts fresh and when processing them,










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low percentage of splitting, which significantly reduces discards,










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very high starch content, which gives the chestnuts a sweeter taste following conversion (natural hydrolysis through ripening and hydrolysis induced by thermal processes) into sugars.




5.3.   Causal link between the geographical area and the quality, reputation or other specific characteristics of the product

Chestnut trees have been growing wild in Galicia since the Pleistocene; they began to be domesticated and cultivated during the Roman occupation. New impetus was given later, in the Middle Ages, when the clergy and nobility promoted and expanded the cultivation of chestnut trees, which was closely tied to vine growing.
Thus native varieties of high-quality chestnut trees have been selected and propagated since ancient times, with a generally good result as regards mixed timber/nut exploitation. In addition, the fact that Galicia has historically had a widely dispersed population, occupying almost its entire territory (coastal zones, central plateau, valleys and mountains), has encouraged the selection of many varieties adapted to different environments, combining excellent soil and climate adaptation with low partitioning, an adequate size, low level of splitting, etc.
The fact that the chestnut tree is perfectly adapted to the environmental conditions in the defined area (specific nature of the geographical area) already confers a high level of quality on the product, given the logical relationship between good development of a tree species and the production of quality nuts. Moreover, the moderate temperatures during growth and ripening of the chestnuts and the high atmospheric humidity in the production area give the nuts a high moisture content, which is appreciated both when the chestnuts are consumed fresh and when they are used as a raw material in processing.
The management techniques used in the soutos have traditionally constituted the basic production model for Galician chestnuts. From this productive environment, chestnut trees have been gradually selected and domesticated by growers, on the basis of productivity and quality, giving rise to the set of local ecotypes that have produced the native cultivars currently grown, on which the quality, reputation and fame of Galician chestnuts are founded.
The prestige of Galician chestnuts is reflected in the good position they occupy on the market: it is usual to see chestnuts for sale on the Spanish market that come from elsewhere but are labelled as Galician, which is proof of their reputation. The following are just some of the bibliographical references that support the historic reputation of the Galician chestnut:






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the numerous documents kept in Galician monasteries referring to the importance of chestnuts in Galicia in the Middle Ages. These documents are mentioned in books including El priorato benedictino de San Vicenzo de Pombeiro y su colección diplomática en la Edad Media [the Benedictine priory of San Vicenzo de Pombeiro and its diplomatic collection from the Middle Ages] and El monasterio de S. Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: Estudio y Documentos [the monastery of San Clodio do Ribeiro in the Middle Ages: research and documents] by M. Lucas Álvarez and P. Lucas Domínguez and the Colección Diplomática do mosteiro cisterciense de Sta. María de Oseira [diplomatic collection of the Cistercian monastery of Santa Maria de Oseira] by M. Romaní Martínez,










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the mention by Alexandre Dumas in From Paris to Cadiz, written in 1847, of the quality of Galician chestnuts,










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the fact that chestnut groves are regarded as one of the most important elements in the Galician agricultural landscape, mentioned by Abel Bouhier in his book La Galice. Essai geographique d’analyse et d’interpretation d’un vieux complexe agraire,










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the many references to the fiesta del magosto (a popular festival to celebrate the chestnut, held in many parts of Galicia) such as, for instance, Manuel Murguía’s reference to it in his book Historia de Galicia [History of Galicia] (1865),










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the fact that Galician chestnuts are used in recipes such as those collected by Manuel Puga y Parga (1874–1917) in his book La Cocina Práctica (1905), and the many dishes described by Álvaro Cunqueiro in La Cocina Gallega (1973).




Further indirect evidence of the wide reach, prestige and reputation of Galician chestnuts can be found by examining the frequency of references on the internet to Galician chestnuts compared with those from elsewhere. A search on Google on 20 November 2008 for ‘castaña/s gallega/s’ (Galician chestnuts) and its equivalent in Galician (castaña/s galega/s) produced a total of 5 600 results, while a search for ‘castaña/s española/s’ (Spanish chestnuts) resulted in fewer than 200 hits. Not even twenty hits were obtained for chestnuts from elsewhere (Asturias, Andalusia and Extremadura).

Publication reference of the specification

(the second subparagraph of Article 6(1) of the Regulation)
https://mediorural.xunta.gal/fileadmin/arquivos/alimentacion/produtos_calidade/tramitacion/IGP_Castana_de_Galicia_Pliego_de_condiciones_septiembre_2019_definitivo.pdf


(1)  OJ L 179, 19.6.2014, p. 17.