Eurostatistics. Data for short-term economic analysis. 07/2020.
Date: 2020-07-16
Institutions: Eurostat
Subjects: EU statistics, economic analysis, economic situation, economic statistics, short-term economic prospects

07/2020

STATISTICAL BOOKS 
 
07/2020

Manuscript completed in July 2020

The Commission is not liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse of this publication.

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020

© European Union, 2020

The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented based on Commission Decision 
2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, 
p. 39).

Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 
4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that 
reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.

For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may 
need to be sought directly from the respective rightholders. The European Union does not own the 
copyright in relation to the following elements:

Copyright for the photographs: Cover © Guitar Bolbik/Shutterstock

Theme: General and regional statistics
Collection: Statistical books

PDF: 

KS-BJ-20-007-EN-N 

ISSN 1831-3221

Editorial  .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.  Summary analysis  .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Latest macroeconomic developments  .............................................................................................................................................................  9

Growth forecasts for the euro area  .................................................................................................................................................................. 10

Cyclical indicators for the euro area  ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Latest cyclical estimates for the EA and the EU  ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Methodological notes  ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

2.  Cross-country comparisons  .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  19

3.  Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries  ...........................................................................................................................................  25

Detailed PEEIs analysis for the European Union (EU-27) ...........................................................................................................................26

Detailed PEEIs analysis for the euro area .........................................................................................................................................................28

Detailed PEEIs analysis by countries .................................................................................................................................................................30

4.  Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries  .............................................................................................................................  87

Appendix ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  97

Symbols and codes in the tables  ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98

Eurostat’s source datasets .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99

5

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  
1. 

Eurostat has published a wide range of statistics related to 
COVID-19 in a dedicated section of its website: COVID-19: 
Statistics serving Europe, together with practical guidance for 
official statisticians on the issues triggered by COVID-19.

European Union and euro area: 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 
intensifying its recovery while 
unemployment rate growing slightly 
in June 2020

In the euro area, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate was 
–3.6 % in Q1 2020, down from 0.1 % in Q4 2019. The quarter-
on-quarter growth of private final consumption expenditure, 
exports and gross fixed capital formation dropped to –4.7 %, 
–4.2 % and –4.3 %, respectively, in Q1 2020, from 0.1 %, 0.1 % 
and 5.0 %, respectively, in Q4 2019. The year-on-year GDP 
growth rate fell to –3.1 % in Q1 2020 from 1.0 % in Q4 2019. 

The annual inflation rate (HICP) was 0.3 % in June 2020, up 
from 0.1 % in May 2020. ‘Food, alcohol and tobacco’ remained 
the component with the highest inflation annual rate of 
3.1 % in June 2020, down from 3.4 % in May 2020. The annual 
inflation rate for the energy component was –9.4 % in June 
2020, up from –11.9 % in May 2020.  

In the euro area, industrial producer prices fell month-on-
month by 0.6 % in May 2020, after a drop of 2.0 % in April 
2020.

In June 2020, the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) for the 
euro area intensified its recovery which had tentatively started 
in May. The ESI grew month-on-month by 8.2 points to 75.7 
in June 2020 and has so far recovered some 30 % of the 
combined losses of March and April. In June 2020, the ESI’s 
recovery was propelled by significant increases in confidence 
across all surveyed business sectors (industry, services, retail 
trade and construction) and among consumers. This contrasts 
with May 2020 which had seen a significant improvement in 
industry and consumer confidence only.

The euro area unemployment rate grew slightly to 7.4 % in 
May 2020 from 7.3 % in April 2020. The volume of retail trade 

growth month-on-month improved sharply by 17.8 % in May 
2020, after a drop of 12.1 % in April 2020. 

DG ECFIN’s Employment Expectations Indicator (EEI) 
continued the previous steep recovery by growing month-on 
month by 12.7 points to 82.8 in June 2020. The rebound of 
EEI reflects improved employment prospects in all surveyed 
business sectors.

In the European Union (EU-27), the quarter-on-quarter 
GDP growth rate was –3.2 % in Q1 2020, down from 0.1 % 
in Q4 2019. The year-on-year GDP growth rate was –2.6 % in 
Q1 2020, down from 1.2 % in Q4 2019.

In the EU-27, industrial producer prices fell month-on-month 
by 0.5 % in in May 2020, following a drop of 1.9 % in April 2020.

The Economic Sentiment Indicator grew significantly month-
on-month by 8.1 points to reach 74.8 in June 2020. The 
unemployment rate slightly grew to 6.7 % in May 2020, from 
6.6 % in April 2020. 

DG ECFIN’s Employment Expectations Indicator (EEI) grew 
month-on-month by 11.9 points to 82.7 in June 2020.

Situation in EU Member States: 
GDP growth resilient in Ireland, 
Bulgaria, Romania and Sweden, 
while dropping most significantly in 
Italy, France, Spain and Slovakia in 
Q1 2020
Among EU Member States, positive growth rates of GDP were 
recorded only in Ireland, Bulgaria, Romania and Sweden, while 
the severest drops were in Italy, France, Spain and Slovakia in 
Q1 2020.

In Ireland, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate was 1.2 % 
in Q1 2020, down from 1.7 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-year 
GDP growth rate declined to 4.5 % in Q1 2020 from 6.3 % in 
Q4 2019. The ESI grew significantly to 77.5 in June 2020 from 
70.7 in May 2020, after dropping from 102.0 in February 2020. 

7

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Editorial

The unemployment rate grew to 5.6 % in May 2020 from 5.4 % 
in April 2020. 

Bulgaria recorded a quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate of 
0.3 % in Q1 2020, down from 0.8 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-
year GDP growth rate dropped to 2.4 % in Q1 2020 from 3.1 % 
in Q4 2019. The ESI grew significantly to 72.6 in June 2020 
from 63.8 in May 2020, after dropping from the 98.3 value of 
February 2020. The unemployment rate declined to 4.6 % in 
May 2020 from 4.8 % in April 2020.

In Romania, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth was 0.3 %, 
down from 1.2 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-year GDP growth 
rate declined to 2.7 % in Q1 2020 from 3.9 % in Q4 2019. The 
ESI grew significantly to 77.2 in June 2020 from 68.5 in May 
2020, after dropping from the 104.1 value of February 2020. 
The unemployment rate increased to 5.2 % in May 2020 from 
4.8 % in April 2020.

In Sweden, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate increased 
slightly to 0.1 % in Q1 2020 from 0.0 % in Q4 2019. The year-
on-year GDP growth rate dropped slightly to 0.4 % in Q1 2020 
from 0.5 % in Q4 2019. The ESI improved significantly to 78.3 in 
June 2020 from 69.6 in May 2020, after dropping from the 99.0 
value of February 2020. The unemployment rate grew to 8.5 % 
in May 2020 from 7.9 % in April 2020.

In Italy the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate dropped to 
–5.3 % in Q1 2020 from –0.2 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-year 
GDP growth rate dropped to -5.4 % in Q1 2020 from 0.1 % in 
Q4 2019. The ESI increased significantly to 71.2 in June 2020 
from 63.0 in May 2020, after dropping from the 101.3 value of 
February 2020. The unemployment rate increased to 7.8 % in 
May 2020 from 6.6 % in April 2020.

France recorded a quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate of 
–5.3 % in Q1 2020, down from –0.1 % in Q4 2019. The year-
on-year GDP growth rate dropped to –5.0 % in Q1 2020 from 
0.9 % in Q4 2019. The ESI increased sharply to 77.1 in June 2020 
from 67.7 in May 2020, after dropping from the 105.5 value of 
February 2020. The unemployment rate declined to 8.1 % in 
May 2020 from 8.7 % in April 2020.

In Spain, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate was –5.2 % 
in Q1 2020, down from 0.4 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-year GDP 
growth rate fell to –4.1 % in Q1 2020 from 1.8 % in Q4 2019. 
The ESI increased significantly to 83.1 in June 2020 from 74.9 
in May 2020, after dropping from the 102.7 value of February 
2020. The unemployment rate decreased slightly to 14.5 % in 
May 2020 from 14.6 % in April 2020.

Slovakia recorded a quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate of 
–5.2 % in Q1 2020, down from 0.4 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-
year GDP growth rate fell to –3.8 % in Q1 2020 from 2.0 % 
in Q4  2019. The ESI increased sharply to 71.6 in June 2020 

from 59.0 in May 2020, after dropping from the 97.2 value of 
February 2020. The unemployment rate grew slightly to 6.5 % 
in May 2020 from 6.4 % in April 2020.

International context: 
Unemployment rate dropping 
significantly in the United States in 
June 2020
In the United States, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate 
dropped to –1.3 % in Q1 2020 from 0.5 % in Q4 2019. The year-
on-year GDP growth rate declined to 0.3 % in Q1 2020 from 
2.3 % in Q4 2019. The annual consumer price index dropped 
to 0.1 % in May 2020 from 0.3 % in April 2020. The volume 
of retail trade month-on-month decreased significantly by 
12.2 % in April 2020, following a drop of 5.1 % in March 2020. 
The unemployment rate dropped significantly to 11.1 % in 
June 2020 from 13.3 % in May 2020, after a peak of 14.7 % in 
April 2020.

Concerning the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and 
South Africa), in China, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth 
rate dropped to –9.8 % in Q1 2020 from 1.5 % in Q4 2019. The 
year-on-year GDP growth rate sank to –6.8 % in Q1 2020 from 
6.0 % in Q4 2019. The annual consumer price index dropped 
to 2.4 % in May 2020 from 3.3 % in April 2020. 

In India, quarter-on-quarter GDP growth slightly dropped to 
0.7 % in Q1 2020 from 0.9 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-year GDP 
growth rate declined to 3.3 % in Q1 2020 from 4.1 % in Q4 
2019. The annual consumer price index decreased to 5.1 % in 
May 2020 from 5.4 % in April 2020.

Brazil the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate was –1.5 % in 
Q1 2020, down from 0.4 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-year GDP 
growth rate dropped to –0.2 % in Q1 2020, down from 1.6 % in 
Q4 2019. The annual consumer price index decreased to 1.9 % 
in May 2020 from 2.4 % in April 2020.

In South Africa, the quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate 
slightly dropped to –0.5 % in Q1 2020 from –0.4 % in Q4 2019. 
The year-on-year GDP growth rate improved to –0.3 % in 
Q1 2020 from –0.6 % in Q4 2019. The annual consumer price 
declined to 2.9 % in April 2020 from 4.1 % in March 2020. The 
volume of retail trade month-on-month grew by 2.5 % in 
March 2020, after a drop of 0.3 % in February 2020.

Russia recorded a quarter-on-quarter GDP growth rate of 
0.3 % in Q1 2020, down from 0.5 % in Q4 2019. The year-on-
year GDP growth improved to 1.8 % in Q1 2020 from 1.5 % in 
Q4 2019. The annual consumer price index dropped slightly to 
3.0 % in May 2020 from 3.1% in April 2020. 

8

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 2. 

Latest macroeconomic developments

Mixed conditions in the euro area

Data collection for a large number of indicators published 
in this edition of Eurostatistics has been affected by the 
COVID-19 crisis. For most of the concerned indicators, data 
are based on fewer statistical observations than usual. More 
information on the compilation are available in the news 
releases of each indicator.

EVOLUTION OF GDP

Seasonally adjusted GDP declined by 3.6 % in the euro area 
(EA-19) and by 3.2 % in the EU-27 during the first quarter of 
2020, compared with the previous quarter, according to an 
estimate published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the 
European Union. In the fourth quarter of 2019, GDP had grown 
by 0.1 % in both EU-27 and EA. Compared with the same 
quarter of the previous year, seasonally adjusted GDP declined 
by 3.1 % in the euro area and by 2.6 % in the EU-27 in the first 
quarter of 2020, after also +1.0 % and +1.2 % respectively in 
the previous quarter.

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

In April 2020, the COVID-19 containment measures continued 
to have a significant impact on industrial production, 
seasonally adjusted industrial production decreased by 17.1 
% in the euro area (EA-19) and 17.3 % in the EU-27, compared 
with March 2020, according to estimates from Eurostat, 
the statistical office of the European Union. In March 2020, 
industrial production declined by 10.9 % in EU-27 and by 11.9 
% in euro area as compared to February 2020. In April 2020 
compared with April 2019, industrial production decreased by 
28.0 % in the euro area and by 27.2 % in the EU-27. 

PRODUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION

In April 2020 compared with May 2020, seasonally adjusted 
production in the construction sector decreased by 14.6 % in 
the euro area (EA-19) and by 11.7 % in the EU-27, according to 
estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European 
Union. In March 2020, production in construction decreased 
by 15.7 % in the euro area and by 13.6 % in the EU-27. In April 
2020 compared with April 2019, production in construction 
decreased by 28.4 % in euro area (EA-19) and by 24.0 % in 
EU-27.

RETAIL TRADE

In May 2020 compared with April 2020, the seasonally 
adjusted volume of retail trade increased by 17.8 % in the euro 
area (EA-19) and by 16.4 % in the EU-27, according to estimates 
from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. 
In April 2020, the retail trade volume decreased by 12.1 % in 
the euro area (EA-19) and by 11.4 % in the EU-27. In May 2020 
compared with May 2019, the calendar adjusted retail sales 
index decreased by 5.1 % in the euro area and by 4.2 % in the 
EU-27.

INFLATION

In June 2020, a month in which many COVID-19 containment 
measures have been gradually lifted, Euro area annual inflation 
is expected to be 0.3 %, up from 0.1 % in May 2020 according 
to a flash estimate from Eurostat, the statistical office of the 
European Union. In June 2019, the annual inflation rate was 
1.3 % in the euro area.

9

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 1 Summary analysis

LABOUR MARKET SLACK AND TOTAL 
ACTUAL HOURS WORKED

Seasonally adjusted total labour market slack in the EU, 
consisting in unmet demand for labour, amounted to 26.8 
million persons, which represented 12.7 % of the extended 
labour force in the first quarter 2020, up from 12.4 % in the 
fourth quarter of 2019. This was the first quarter-on-quarter 
increase since the peak in the second quarter 2013, when the 
labour market slack had stood at 19.0 %. Total labour market 
slack comprises all persons who have an unmet need for 
employment either because they are unemployed according 
to the ILO definition, are close to unemployment while not 
fulfilling all ILO criteria, or are working part-time and would like 
to work additional hours.

Total actual hours worked have dropped sharply in the 
EU between the fourth quarter 2019 and the first quarter 
2020, but have not reached the low values observed during 
the debt crisis. The levels of total actual hours worked are 
influenced by the total number of persons working, as well 
as the number of hours worked by each of these persons. 
Women have been harder hit than men, with a drop from 
108 to 102 index points between the fourth quarter 2019 
and the first quarter 2020, compared to a drop of 98 to 93 for 
men. In the first quarter 2020, total actual hours worked were 
nevertheless above the level of 2006 for women but lower for 
men.

UNEMPLOYMENT

In May 2020, the third month marked by COVID-19 
containment measures in most Member States, the euro 
area (EA-19) seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate slightly 
increased to 7.4 % from 7.3 % in April 2020. The EU-27 
unemployment rate was 6.7 % in May 2020, up from 6.6 % 
in April 2020. These figures are published by Eurostat, the 
statistical office of the European Union. Eurostat estimates 

that 14.335 million men and women in the EU-27, of whom 
12.144 million in the euro area, were unemployed in May 
2020. Compared with April 2020, the number of persons 
unemployed increased by 259 000 in the EU-27 and by 158 000 
in the euro area. Compared with May 2019, unemployment 
increased by 7 000 in the EU-27 and fell by 260 000 in the euro 
area.

INTEREST RATES

On 4 June 2020, the Governing Council of the European 
Central Bank maintained its benchmark-refinancing rate at 
0.0 % since 15 March 2016. On 10 June, the Federal Reserve 
decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds 
rate at 0 to ¼ percent. The Bank of Japan left the key interest 
rate unchanged at –0.1 % at its June 2020 meeting, after a 
decrease from 0.0 % in December 2015. In June 2020, the 
Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee maintained its 
benchmark bank rate at 0.1 %. The euro area's 3-month rate, 
Euribor, decreased from –0.27 % in May to –0.38 % in June 
2020. Long-term interest rates (monthly average weighted 
10-year government bond yield) of the euro area decreased to 
0.27 % in May 2020, from 0.35 % in May April 2020. The EU-27 
long-term interest rates decreased to 0.49 % in May 2020, from 
0.58 % in April 2020.

EXCHANGE RATES

The euro/US dollar exchange rate (monthly average) increased 
to USD 1.1255 in June 2020, from USD 1.0902 in May 2020. The 
euro/Japanese yen exchange rate increased to JPY 121.12 in 
June 2020, from JPY 116.87 in May 2020. The euro increased 
against the Swiss franc to CHF 1.0712 in June 2020, from CHF 
1.0574 in May 2020. The euro/UK pound sterling exchange rate 
increased to GBP 0.899 in June 2020, from GBP 0.8869 in May 
2020.

Growth forecasts for the euro area (1)

Growth assessment

In the extraordinary times of COVID-19 spreading over the 
world and having major health and economic impacts, 
which can not be tracked with usual short-term indicators, 
the EUROFRAME group of research institutes has decided on 
6 May to suspend the release of Euro Growth Indicator 
estimates until further notice.

the contraction in industrial production notwithstanding the 
improvement in business and consumer confidence. 

For a description of the sources and methods on 
the indicators of growth and turning points, see the 
Methodological notes at the end of this section.

The €-coin declined from –0.32 in May 2020 to –0.37 in 
June 2020. The indicator reached its lowest level since 
September 2012. The indicator continued to be affected by 

(1)  Euro area growth assessment is based on the indicators’ news releases and do 

not necessarily reflect Eurostat’s views.

10

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

Figure 1: Quarter-over-quarter GDP growth indicators 
(Q/Q–1)

EuroCoin

6
0
M
9
1
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

-4.0

2
Q
9
1
0
2

3
Q
9
1
0
2

4
Q
9
1
0
2

GDP

1
Q
0
2
0
2

2
Q
0
2
0
2

Table 1: Comparison of GDP growth forecasts for the euro area

Over previous quarter (Q/Q–1)

Over previous year (Q/Q–4)

2019Q3

2019Q4

2019Q1

2020Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2020Q2

Percentage change

EUROSTAT release

0.3 

0.1

–3.6 

: 

1.3 

1.0

–3.1 

:

EuroCOIN

0.15

0.16

0.25

0.28

0.13

–0.13

–0.32

–0.37

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06

Cyclical indicators for the euro area (1)

Growth assessment

The Business Climate Indicator (BCI) (2) for the euro area 
decreased by 2.26 points in June 2020, following a decrease of 
2.41 points in May 2020. 

The Composite leading indicators (CLIs), were published 
on 9 July 2020. In June 2020 the composite leading 
indicators (CLIs) point to a significant improvement from 
the unprecedented slowdown reached at the height of the 
current crisis in April 2020 but the recovery remains fragile, 
as uncertainty persists around the possibility of future 
lockdowns. CLIs rebounded strongly in most OECD large 
economies, as restrictions related to Covid-19 have gradually 
been lifted and uncertainty reduced, but they remain below 
the levels recorded prior to the coronavirus outbreak and well 
below long-term trends. Similar patterns are visible among 
major emerging economies, with the CLI in China in particular, 
where the crisis hit first, returning above pre-crisis levels, albeit 

below long-term trends. However, in India, the CLI remains 
close to the crisis low. 

It should be noted that, in the current circumstances, the CLIs 
should be interpreted with care as considerable uncertainty 
surrounding the impact of current lock-downs and transitions 
out of lock-downs remains. The magnitude of the CLI decline 
should not be regarded as a measure of the degree of 
contraction in economic activity, but rather as an indication of 
the strength of the signal.

The DZ BANK’s Euro-Indicator, published on 2 July 2020, 
began to raise again after the low levels in April and May 2020. 
In June 2020, the indicator rose by 2.6 percent as compared to 
May 2020 and now stands at 94.9. As compared to the same 
period last year, the indicator decreased by 3.9 percentage 
points. 

(1)  Euro area growth assessment is based on the indicators’ releases and do not necessarily reflect Eurostat's views; IFO Economic Climate Indicator has been discontinued. 
(2)  The BCI press release has been discontinued.

11

Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

Almost all components of the Euro-Indicator have recently 
strengthened. Sentiment indicators in particular have gone 
up again more or less sharply. The mood among consumers 
brightened noticeably in June 2020 as well. The improvement 
is most evident in the general economic expectations of 
private households. The sentiment on the financial markets 

moved up and contributed to the rise in the Euro-Indicator 
in June 2020 as well. Overall, the performance of the Euro-
Indicator suggests that economic output will pick up again in 
the third quarter of 2020 after the deep slump in the first half 
of the year.

Table 1: Comparison of indicators of turning points in the business cycle for the euro area

OECD - CLI

DZ BANK Euro-Indicator

DZ BANK Euro-Indicator

Index

Index

Y-O-Y growth rate

DG ECFIN Bussiness Climate Indicator

Points of std-dev.

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04

2020M05

2020M06

99.33

98.89

–0.36

–0.04

97.10

96.93

–2.11

–0.26

92.88

92.32

–6.58

–1.97

94.79

92.47

–6.58

–2.41

97.19

94.86

–3.94

–2.26

Figure 1: DZ BANK Euro-Indicator and GDP growth

Figure 2: DG-ECFIN Business Climate Indicator and 
Industrial Production Index

    6

    4

    2

    0

2

4

6

    2

    1

    0

1

2

3

8

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

4
2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

   16

   8

   0

8

16

24

32

Y-O-Y DZ BANK Euro-Indicator

Y-O-Y GDP growth rate

Figure 3: OECD Leading indicator

Y-O-Y growth rate of the Industrial Production Index
(left-hand scale, excl. construction)

DG-ECFIN Business Climate Indicator (right-hand scale)

T
June
2003

P
Feb  
2008

T
June
2009

P
May
2011

T
March
2013

P

November
2017

T: trough / P: peak
in the reference series

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

GDP – ratio to trend

OECD indicator

104

100

96

92

88

84

12

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

2020 Real GDP growth forecast for the euro area

Table 1: Forecasts for the euro area’s GDP growth in 2020

European Commission

IMF

OECD 

ECB

Interim Forecasts of 

World Economic Outlook of

Interim Economic Outlook Forecasts of Macroeconomic projection of

Summer 
2020

Spring  
2020

June 2020

April 2020

June 2020

March 2020

June 2020

March 2020

Double-hit 
scenario

Single-hit 
scenario

Euro area 

Belgium

Germany

Estonia

Ireland

Greece

Spain

France

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Portugal

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

–8.7

–8.8

–6.3

–7.7

–8.5

–9.0

–10.9

–10.6

–11.2

–7.7

–7.0

–7.1

–6.2

–6.0

–6.8

–7.1

–9.8

–7.0

–9.0

–6.3

–7.7

–7.2

–6.5

–6.9

–7.9

–9.7

–9.4

–8.2

–9.5

–7.4

–7.0

–7.9

–5.4

–5.8

–6.8

–5.5

–6.8

–7.0

–6.7

–6.3

–10.2

:

–7.8

:

:

:

–12.8

–12.5

–12.8

:

:

:

:

:

–7.7

:

:

:

:

:

–7.5

–6.9

–7.0

–7.5

–6.8

–10.0

–8.0

–7.2

–9.1

–6.5

–8.6

–8.1

–4.9

–2.8

–7.5

–7.0

–8.0

–8.0

–6.2

–6.0

–11.5

–11.2

–8.8

–10.0

–8.7

–9.8

–14.4

–14.1

–14.0

:

–10.2

–10.4

–7.7

:

–10.0

–7.5

–11.3

–9.1

–11.1

–9.2

–9.1

–8.9

–6.6

–8.4

–6.8

–8.0

–11.1

–11.4

–11.3

:

–8.1

–8.1

–6.5

:

–8.0

–6.2

–9.4

–7.8

–9.3

–7.9

0.8

:

0.3

:

:

:

:

0.9

0.0

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

–8.7

–9.0

–7.1

–10.0

–8.9

–5.8

–11.6

–10.3

–9.2

–7.3

–7.5

–9.7

–7.8

–4.8

–6.4

–7.2

–9.5

–6.5

–10.3

–6.9

0.8 [0.4 – 1.2]

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Notes:
European Commission: Given the unusual uncertainty surrounding economic projections, this forecast continues to be based on a number of critical assumptions. Most 
importantly, it is assumed that containment measures in the EU will be gradually further lifted and no major second wave of infections will trigger new generalised 
restrictions. For further information see: 
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/economy-finance/summer_2020_economic_forecast_-_overview.pdf
IMF: As with the April 2020 WEO projections, there is a higher-than-usual degree of uncertainty around this forecast. The baseline projection rests on key assumptions 
about the fallout from the pandemic. For further information see:
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/06/24/WEOUpdateJune2020
OECD: The euro area aggregate includes OECD member countries (Cyprus and Malta are excluded from the EA aggregate as they are not OECD member countries). The 
Outlook focuses on two probable scenarios – one in which a second wave of infections, with renewed lock-downs, hits before the end of 2020, and one in which another 
major outbreak is avoided. For further information see:
https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/#Key-impacts
ECB: The June and December projections only include information on the outlook for individual euro area countries. In order to better illustrate the current uncertainty, 
alternative scenarios to the June 2020 projections baseline, based on different assumptions regarding the future evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated 
containment measures, are provided by the ECB. For further information see:
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/projections/html/index.en.html

13

Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

Latest cyclical estimates for the EA and the EU (1)

Figure 1: EA GDP, trend and cycle with HP filter
(million euro)

Figure 4: EU-27 GDP, trend and cycle with HP filter
(million euro)

(GDP, Trend )
3 670 000

2 970 000

2 270 000

1 570 000

 870 000

 170 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

(Cycle)
    100 000

    50 000

     0

50 000

100 000

150 000

(GDP, Trend )
3 500 000

3 200 000

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

(Cycle)
    102 000

    39 000

24 000

87 000

150 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

GDP

Trend

Cycle

GDP

Trend

Cycle

Figure 2: EA GDP, trend and cycle with CF filter
(million euro)

Figure 5: EU-27 GDP, trend and cycle with CF filter
(million euro)

(GDP, Trend )

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2 000 000

1 700 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

(Cycle)
(Cycle)

    100 000

    50 000

     0

50 000

100 000

(GDP, Trend )
3 500 000

3 200 000

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

(Cycle)
    102 000

    39 000

24 000

87 000

150 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

GDP

Trend

Cycle

GDP

Trend

Cycle

Figure 3: EA GDP, trend and cycle with UC filter
(million euro)

Figure 6: EU-27 GDP, trend and cycle with UC filter
(million euro)

(GDP, Trend )
2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

2 000 000

1 700 000

(Cycle)
    100 000

(GDP, Trend )
3 500 000

    50 000

3 200 000

     0

50 000

100 000

2 900 000

2 600 000

2 300 000

(Cycle)

    110 000

    45 000

20 000

85 000

150 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

GDP

Trend

Cycle

GDP

Trend

Cycle

(1)  Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the GDP and employment estimates for Q1 2020, as well as the IPI estimates for M3 and M4 2020 could be considered as values not 

following the previous path of the series, namely, outliers. Outliers can affect trend cycle decompositions. To reduce the impact of the last point in the time series, an 
outlier correction has been performed and the filters run on the corrected data. After the trend cycle decomposition, the outlier was then re-introduced in the irregular 
component. This is mainly visible in the decompositions obtained by the Hodrick and Prescott (HP) filter because the output cycle component includes also the 
irregular one (see also methodological notes).

14

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

Figure 7: EA IPI, trend and cycle with HP filter
(Index, 2015=100)

Figure 10: EU-27 IPI, trend and cycle with HP filter
(Index, 2015=100)

(IPI., Trend)
 120

 110

 100

 90

 80

 70

(Cycle)
     20
     10
     0
10
20
30
40

4
0
M
4
9
9
1

4
0
M
6
9
9
1

4
0
M
8
9
9
1

4
0
M
0
0
0
2

4
0
M
2
0
0
2

4
0
M
4
0
0
2

4
0
M
6
0
0
2

4
0
M
8
0
0
2

4
0
M
0
1
0
2

4
0
M
2
1
0
2

4
0
M
4
1
0
2

4
0
M
6
1
0
2

4
0
M
8
1
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

(IPI., Trend)
 115
 110
 105
 100
 95
 90
 85
 80
 75

(Cycle)
     16
     11
     6
     1
4
9
14
19
24
29
34

4
0
M
0
0
0
2

4
0
M
2
0
0
2

4
0
M
4
0
0
2

4
0
M
6
0
0
2

4
0
M
8
0
0
2

4
0
M
0
1
0
2

4
0
M
2
1
0
2

4
0
M
4
1
0
2

4
0
M
6
1
0
2

4
0
M
8
1
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

Figure 8: EA IPI, trend and cycle with CF filter
(Index, 2015=100)

Figure 11: EU-27 IPI, trend and cycle with CF filter
(Index, 2015=100)

(IPI., Trend)
 120

 110

 100

 90

 80

 70

(Cycle)
     10

     5

     0

5

10

15

4
0
M
4
9
9
1

4
0
M
6
9
9
1

4
0
M
8
9
9
1

4
0
M
0
0
0
2

4
0
M
2
0
0
2

4
0
M
4
0
0
2

4
0
M
6
0
0
2

4
0
M
8
0
0
2

4
0
M
0
1
0
2

4
0
M
2
1
0
2

4
0
M
4
1
0
2

4
0
M
6
1
0
2

4
0
M
8
1
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

(IPI., Trend)
 115
 110
 105
 100
 95
 90
 85
 80
 75

(Cycle)
     16
     12
     8
     4
     0
4
8
12
16

4
0
M
0
0
0
2

4
0
M
2
0
0
2

4
0
M
4
0
0
2

4
0
M
6
0
0
2

4
0
M
8
0
0
2

4
0
M
0
1
0
2

4
0
M
2
1
0
2

4
0
M
4
1
0
2

4
0
M
6
1
0
2

4
0
M
8
1
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

IPI

Trend

Cycle

Figure 9: EA IPI, trend and cycle with UC filter
(Index, 2015=100)

Figure 12: EU-27 IPI, trend and cycle with UC filter
(Index, 2015=100)

(IPI., Trend)
 120

 110

 100

 90

 80

 70

(Cycle)
     16

     11

     6

     1

4

9

4
0
M
4
9
9
1

4
0
M
6
9
9
1

4
0
M
8
9
9
1

4
0
M
0
0
0
2

4
0
M
2
0
0
2

4
0
M
4
0
0
2

4
0
M
6
0
0
2

4
0
M
8
0
0
2

4
0
M
0
1
0
2

4
0
M
2
1
0
2

4
0
M
4
1
0
2

4
0
M
6
1
0
2

4
0
M
8
1
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

IPI

Trend

Cycle

(IPI., Tred)
 115
 110
 105
 100
 95
 90
 85
 80
 75

(Cycle)
     16
     12
     8
     4
     0
4
8
12
16

4
0
M
0
0
0
2

4
0
M
2
0
0
2

4
0
M
4
0
0
2

4
0
M
6
0
0
2

IPI

4
0
M
8
0
0
2

4
0
M
0
1
0
2

4
0
M
2
1
0
2

4
0
M
4
1
0
2

4
0
M
6
1
0
2

4
0
M
8
1
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

Trend

Cycle

15

Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

Figure 13: EA Employment, trend and cycle with HP filter
(thousand persons)

Figure 16: EU-27 Employment, trend and cycle with HP filter
(thousand persons)

(Emp., Trend)
165 000
160 000
155 000
150 000
145 000
140 000
135 000
130 000
125 000
120 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

(Cycle)
    3 000
    2 500
    2 000
    1 500
    1 000
     500
     0

500
1 000
1 500

(Emp., Trend)
210 000
205 000
200 000
195 000
190 000
185 000
180 000
175 000
170 000
165 000
160 000

(Cycle)
    3 900
    3 300
    2 700
    2 100
    1 500
     900
     300
300
900
1 500
2 100

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Figure 14: EA Employment, trend and cycle with CF filter
(thousand persons)

Figure 17: EU-27 Employment, trend and cycle with CF filter
(thousand persons)

(Emp., Trend)
165 000
160 000
155 000
150 000
145 000
140 000
135 000
130 000
125 000
120 000

(Cycle)
    2 500
    2 000
    1 500
    1 000
     500
     0

500
1 000
1 500
2 000

(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
210 000
205 000
200 000
195 000
190 000
185 000
180 000
175 000
170 000
165 000
160 000

(Cycle)
(Cycle)
(Cycle)
    4 000
    3 300
    2 600
    1 900
    1 200
     500
200
900
1 600
2 300
3 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Figure 15: EA Employment, trend and cycle with UC filter
(thousand persons)

Figure 18: EU-27 Employment, trend and cycle with UC filter
(thousand persons)

(Emp., Trend)
165 000
160 000
155 000
150 000
145 000
140 000
135 000
130 000
125 000
120 000

(Cycle)
    3 000
    2 500
    2 000
    1 500
    1 000
     500
     0

500
1 000
1 500

(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
(Emp., Trend)
210 000
205 000
200 000
195 000
190 000
185 000
180 000
175 000
170 000
165 000
160 000

(Cycle)
(Cycle)
(Cycle)
(Cycle)
    4 000
    3 300
    2 600
    1 900
    1 200
     500
200
900
1 600
2 300
3 000

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
6
1
0
2

1
Q
8
1
0
2

1
Q
0
2
0
2

Employment

Trend

Cycle

Employment

Trend

Cycle

16

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Summary analysis

1

Methodological notes (1)

Indicators of growth and turning 
points — sources and methods

The EUROFRAME Euro Growth Indicator: calculated by 
the OFCE (Paris) in cooperation with the EUROFRAME group, 
which consists of: CPB (Den Haag), DIW (Berlin), ESRI (Dublin), 
ETLA (Helsinki), IFW (Kiel), NIESR (London), PROMETEIA 
(Bologna), WIFO (Vienna), and CASE (Poland). The purpose of 
this leading indicator is to anticipate the development of the 
GDP in the euro area two quarters ahead of official statistics. 
The indicator considers surveys from industry, construction, 
and households, ISM survey of US industry, real euro/dollar 
exchange rate, and European stock index. The indicator is 
based on ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of the GDP 
growth rate, and released on a monthly basis.

€-COIN: a monthly ‘smoothed’ estimate of quarter-on-
quarter GDP growth in the euro area, calculated by the Banca 
d’Italia. It is obtained by collecting a large set of statistics 
and extracting from it information relevant to forecast future 
GDP. It tracks GDP growth anticipating official GDP releases 
by several months, by giving each month an early estimate 
of euro area growth in terms of quarter- on-quarter changes 
in GDP. Moreover, it sheds light on the underlying trend by 
removing short-run fluctuations and measurement errors 
from the growth rate; in this respect it is not only a forecast, 
but also an indicator of the true growth momentum in the 
euro area.

The OECD Composite Leading Indicator: designed to 
predict cyclical turning points (peaks and troughs) in GDP as 
a proxy of the business growth cycle of the overall economy. 
It comprises a set of component series from a wide range of 
economic indicators.

DG ECFIN: Business Climate Indicator (monthly), designed 
to deliver a clear and early assessment of the cyclical situation 
of the euro area. The indicator uses, as input, five balances of 
opinions from DG ECFIN’s Business and Consumer Surveys. 
The resulting ‘common factor’ may be read as a survey result: 
the higher the level, the healthier the cyclical situation, and 
a rise in the indicator points to an upswing in activity and an 
improvement in business climate.

DZ-Euroland-Indicator: calculated by DZ Bank (monthly), 
aims at predicting recessions and has also proved to reflect 
movements in GDP growth rate. It is built on concepts 
implemented by the US Conference Board for monitoring 
cyclical indicators. Nine series for euro area or for the 
main countries are selected for their leading properties, 
and aggregated to give a composite index which can be 
compared with the level of GDP in order to anticipate 
recessions.

(1)  IFO Economic Climate Indicator has been discontinued. On 9 April IFO Institute 

published a new special issue on Eurozone Economic Outlook:

  https://www.ifo.de/sites/default/files/secure/prognosen/EZEO_20Q1_en.pdf.

Trend-cycle decomposition

A trend-cycle decomposition method aims at further 
decomposing seasonally adjusted data into a trend 
component and a cyclical component (expressed as deviation 
from the trend). Identifying and estimating the trend and 
cyclical components of key economic indicators is very 
relevant: the trend provides information on longer-term 
movements in the seasonally adjusted series over several 
years; the cycle is a sequence of smoother fluctuations around 
the longer-term trend in part characterised by alternating 
periods of expansion and contraction. 

There are many alternative methods to identify and estimate 
the trend and cycle components in time series. The estimates 
for three indicators — GDP, industrial production, and 
employment — are produced using three different filters:

Hodrick-Prescott (HP): a filter widely used in 
macroeconomics to fit a smooth curve through a set of 
points.

Christiano-Fitzgerald (CF): a well-known approximation to 
an ideal band pass filter, estimated non-parametrically.

Unobserved Components (UC): a parametric approach 
which involves estimating a statistical model and 
decomposing the series into components, including the trend 
and cycle.

Since seasonally adjusted data also include an irregular 
component, it is important how this component is treated in 
trend-cycle decomposition methods. So-called de-trending 
methods, such as the HP filter, decompose the series as a 
sum of a trend and a cyclical component. In this case, the 
cycle also contains the irregular component. Cycle extraction 
methods, such as the CF filter, first extract the cyclical 
component within a pre-specified band of frequencies 
and then estimate the trend as the difference between the 
original series and the cycle component. In this case, the trend 
also contains the irregular component. Finally, the UC model 
estimates simultaneously the trend, the cycle and the irregular 
components, under some hypotheses, so that neither the 
trend nor the cycle contain the irregular component. A good 
understanding of the various components stemming from 
trend-cycle decomposition methods is essential, especially, 
in the presence of outliers at the end of the time series. In 
fact, different types of outliers affect different components: 
additive outliers typically affect the irregular component so 
that they will be visible in the HP filtered cycle and in the 
CF filtered trend and not in the trend or cycle components 
obtained by the UC approach. Finally, other types of outliers 
such as a level shift or a ramp effect will typically impact the 
trend. A ramp effect is a smooth, linear transition between 

17

Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  1 Summary analysis

two time points unlike the abrupt change associated with a 
level shift. Understanding the nature of an outlier can require 
several times series points.

Date Period Comparisons

Q/Q–1: quarter-on-quarter (q-o-q) growth/change in 
percentage for quarterly indicators where the difference 
between the value of a given quarter (Q) and that of the 
previous quarter (Q-1) is divided by the value of the previous 
quarter (Q-1) and multiplied by 100.

Q/Q–4: year-on-year (y-o-y) growth/change in percentage for 
quarterly indicators where the difference between the value 
of a given quarter (Q) and that of the same quarter of the 

previous year (Q-4) is divided by the value of the same quarter 
of the previous year (Q-4) and multiplied by 100.

M/M–1: a month-on-month (m-o-m) growth/change in 
percentage for monthly indicators  where the difference 
between the value of a given month (M) and that of the 
previous month (M-1) is divided by the value of the previous 
month (M-1) and multiplied by 100.

M/M–12: a year-on-year (y-o-y) growth/change in percentage 
for monthly indicators where the difference between the 
value of a given month (M) and that of the same month of 
the previous year (M-12) is divided by the value of the same 
month of the previous year (M-12) and multiplied by 100.

18

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3. 

This part presents the selected Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) complemented by certain monetary and financial 
indicators for the EU Member states and some other countries.

19

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  
2 Cross-country comparisons

Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product, in volume Q/Q-1, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2019 Q4 and 2020 Q1
(quarter-on-quarter growth in percentage)

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

EU27      EA19 FR IT ES SK SI PT EE BE CZ LV AT MT DE DK NL EL CY HR FI HU PL LT SE BG RO IE LU UK

CH NO US JP

2019 Q4

2020 Q1

Figure 2: Gross Domestic Product, in volume Q/Q-4, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2019 Q4 and 2020 Q1
(year-on-year growth in percentage)

7

5

3

1

1

3

5

7

EU27       EA19 IT FR ES SK SI AT BE DE PT CZ LV EL EE FI NL DK HR SE MT CY PL HU BG LT RO IE LU UK

JP CH NO US

2019 Q4

2020 Q1

Figure 3: Private Consumption, in volume Q/Q-1, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2019 Q4 and 2020 Q1
(quarter-on-quarter growth in percentage)

5

3

1

1

3

5

7

9

20

EU27   EA19

IT BE ES LV FR LU IE SI DK AT DE PT NL MT PL HR CZ SE RO EL EE FI LT BG CY SK HU UK

NO CH US JP

2019 Q4

2020 Q1

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Figure 4: Private Consumption, in volume Q/Q-4, seasonally and calendar adjusted data, 2019 Q4 and 2020 Q1
(year-on-year growth in percentage)

Cross-country comparisons

2

8

6

4

2

0

2

4

6

8

EU27      EA19 IT ES SI BE FR LV IE LU DE AT MT DK NL PT EL SE FI CZ EE HR PL CY SK LT BG RO HU UK

NO JP CH US

2019 Q4

2020 Q1

Figure 5: Balance of payments, current account, 2020 Q1
(as a percentage of GDP)

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

EU27     EA19 CY IE HR EL SK FR FI PT RO ES HU BE IT BG PL EE DK AT LV CZ LU MT SE LT DE SI NL UK

US JP NO CH

2020 Q1

Figure 6: Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: all items, M/M-1, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted 
data, 2020 M05
(month-on-month change in percentage)

2.0

1.0

0.0

1.0 

2.0 

EU27    EA19 MT PL SI SE CZ HU SK FR ES CY DE RO DK HR FI BE BG EL NL PT IT LV LU LT EE IE AT UK

NO JP US CH

2020 M05

21

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 2 Cross-country comparisons

Figure 7: Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: all items, M/M-12, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted 
data, 2020 M04 and 2020 M05
(year-on-year change in percentage)

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

1  

2  

EU27    EA19 PL CZ HU SK RO NL BG MT AT DE FR LT SE FI BE DK IT PT EL HR IE ES LV CY SI LU EE UK

NO JP US CH

2020 M04

2020 M05

Figure 8: Unemployment rates, harmonized rates: total, seasonally adjusted data and not calendar adjusted data, 
2020 M04 and 2020 M05
(as a percentage of unemployed persons in the total number of active population)

   18

   15

   12

   9

   6

   3

   0

EU27    EA19

CZ PL NL DE MT BG SI DK RO BE AT PT IE SK FI LU IT FR SE HR LT LV CY ES EE EL HU UK

JP US

2020 M04

2020 M05

Figure 9: Long term government bond yields, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted data, 2020 M04 and 
2020 M05
(in percentage points)

5

4

3

2

1

0

1 

EU27     EA19 DE  LU(¹)  NL DK FI AT SE FR BE IE BG LV LT SK MT ES SI PT HR CZ PL CY IT EL HU RO EE UK

CH JP NO

2020 M04

2020 M05

(1) for more information, see footnote on LU table

22

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Figure 10: General government deficit (-) / surplus (+), neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted data, 2019 Q4
(as a percentage of GDP)

Cross-country comparisons

2

8

6

4

2

0

2 

4 

6 

8 

EU27     EA19 HU LV ES CY PL RO SK BG HR FI PT SE CZ EE LT DE LU AT MT SI NL FR IT BE DK EL IE UK

CH NO

2019 Q4

Figure 11: General government gross debt, neither seasonally adjusted nor calendar adjusted data, 2019 Q4
(as a percentage of GDP)

250

200

150

100

50

0

EU27    EA19

EE BG LU CZ DK SE RO LT LV MT PL SK NL IE FI DE SI HU AT HR ES CY FR BE PT IT EL UK

NO US JP

2019 Q4

23

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4. 

25

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  
 
3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for the European Union (EU-27)

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.6

 1.0

 0.2

 0.3

 5.3

 0.3

 0.5

–4.1

 0.1

–3.2

Q/Q-4 %

 1.8

 0.3

 4.3

–4.3

–3.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 4.5

 1.5

 1.5

 8.4

 1.5

 1.8

 3.5

 1.2

– 2.6

 1.6

– 3.3

 6.5

 1.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(extra EU-27)

m euro

 14439.7  17153.6  17073.0  21368.9  16892.2  20830.9

 17281.1  22867.9  22657.9 – 1 335.0

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 94392.1  46263.9 140273.3  104551.2  96575.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.3

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.3

 0.1

 0.3

 0.1

 1.3

–0.4

–0.5

 0.2

 1.1

 0.1

–0.9

 0.2

 1.0

 0.1

–1.5

–0.2

 1.3

 0.2

–1.1

 0.3

 1.6

 0.1

–0.3

–0.7

 1.7

 0.3

–0.3

 0.2

 1.6

–0.7

–1.0

 0.5

 1.1

–1.5

–2.5

 0.2

 0.6

–1.9

–4.3

 0.0

 0.5

–0.5

–4.6

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.7

 15.1

 5.9

 6.7

 14.9

 5.9

 6.6

 15.0

 5.9

 6.6

 14.9

 5.8

 6.6

 14.9

 5.8

 6.5

 14.8

 5.8

 6.5

 15.0

 5.8

 6.5

 14.8

 5.7

 6.4

 14.5

 5.7

 6.6

 15.4

 5.8

 6.7

 15.7

 5.9

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.6

 0.8

 0.8

 0.8

 1.0

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.8

 3.0

 2.9

 2.7

 3.7

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.4

 0.3

 0.1

 0.2

–0.1

Q/Q-4 %

 1.2

 1.0

 0.8

 1.0

 0.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 0.1

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.7

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.2

M/M-12 % (³)

 2.7

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.5

M/M-12 % (³)

 2.6

–0.1

–1.7

–0.6

 2.0

 0.5

 3.0

 0.4

–0.6

 0.7

 0.8

–0.1

 3.1

–0.4

–1.1

–0.6

 1.2

 0.0

 2.1

–0.5

–1.0

 0.9

 2.0

 1.0

 2.7

–1.6

–3.3

–1.6

–1.7

–1.0

 2.2

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 1.8

–1.6

 3.3

 6.0

 1.1

 2.7

 0.1

–1.7

–0.4

–0.2

 0.6

 3.1

–10.9

–12.2

–13.6

–17.3

–27.2

–11.7

–15.1

–24.0

:

:

:

:

–9.8

–7.2

–11.4

–18.0

 16.4

–4.2

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

–1.7

 0.1

–0.7

 0.0

 79.4

 80.0

 79.8
2019M07 2019M08 2019M09
 101.3
 102.7

 102.4

 77.8
2019M10
 100.4

:

:

2019M11
 100.9

2019M12
 101.0

2020M01
 102.5

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06
 74.8

 103.0

 94.6

 66.7

 63.8

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 0.51

 0.25

 0.23

 0.31

 0.45

 0.51

 0.49

 0.31

 0.45

 0.58

 0.49

–

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

26

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

European Union (EU-27)

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
2.0

3.0 

8.0 

13.0 

18.0 

23.0 

28.0 

33.0 

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
109.0

102.0

95.0

88.0

81.0

74.0

67.0

60.0

Growth rate
(PFC,I)
   10.0
   8.0
   6.0
   4.0
   2.0
   0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
   20.0
   15.0
   10.0
   5.0
   0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

GDP (q/q–4)

IP (m/m–12)

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)
Investment (I) (q/q–1)
Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

PFC (q/q–4)
I (q/q–4)

RT (m/m–12)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

4.0

2.0

0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Employment (E) (q/q–4)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–4)

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
Industrial producer prices (m/m–12)

HICP (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–12)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions EUR

160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
-20000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account (2)
External trade balance (1)

(1)  External trade balance is a monthly basis data
(2)  The BOP current account is a quarterly basis data

%
(MIR, GBY)
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Long-term government bond yield (GBY)

27

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for the euro area (**)

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.5

 0.6

 0.1

 0.2

 6.2

 0.3

 0.4

–4.9

 0.1

 0.1

 5.0

–3.6

–4.7

–4.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 1.2

 4.3

 1.2

 1.3

 9.1

 1.3

 1.6

 3.1

 1.0

 1.3

 6.7

–3.1

–3.9

 1.5

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EA19) (¹)

BOP current account  
(extra EA19)

m euro

m euro

 17207.8  19208.9  19072.0  24046.2  18913.6  22577.7

 18834.8  25293.0  25472.5

 1231.1

:

:

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

35768.0

35646.0 42862.0 36572.0 29558.0 41682.0

10756.0 31629.0 40659.0 10208.0

:

:

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.5

 1.0

 0.1

 0.1

 0.1

 1.0

–0.5

–0.8

 0.2

 0.8

 0.2

–1.1

 0.1

 0.7

 0.1

–1.8

–0.3

 1.0

 0.2

–1.3

 0.3

 1.3

 0.0

–0.6

–1.0

 1.4

 0.2

–0.7

 0.2

 1.2

–0.6

–1.3

 0.5

 0.7

–1.5

–2.8

 0.3

 0.3

–2.0

–4.5

–0.1

 0.1

–0.6

–5.0

 0.3

 0.3

:

:

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 7.6

 15.8

 6.8

 7.5

 15.6

 6.7

 7.5

 15.7

 6.7

 7.4

 15.5

 6.6

 7.4

 15.6

 6.6

 7.3

 15.5

 6.6

 7.4

 15.6

 6.6

 7.2

 15.2

 6.4

 7.1

 15.0

 6.4

 7.3

 15.7

 6.5

 7.4

 16.0

 6.6

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.5

 0.8

 0.7

 0.7

 0.9

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.5

 2.7

 2.5

 2.3

 3.4

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.3

 0.1

 0.3

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 1.2

 1.1

 1.1

 0.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.1

–1.3

–0.5

 2.0

–0.5

 2.2

 0.1

–2.3

–0.8

 1.1

 0.6

 2.9

 0.2

–1.2

 0.9

 0.0

–0.2

 2.9

–0.4

–1.6

–0.8

 0.4

–0.1

 1.8

–0.5

–1.3

 0.7

 1.2

 0.9

 2.5

–1.7

–3.4

–1.6

–2.7

–1.0

 1.9

 1.9

–2.1

 3.8

 6.7

 0.8

 2.2

–0.1

–2.2

–0.9

–0.6

 0.7

 2.6

–11.9

–13.5

–15.7

–17.1

–28.0

–14.6

–17.5

–28.4

–10.6

–8.3

–12.1

–19.6

:

:

:

:

 17.8

–5.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–2.1

–0.1

–0.8

 0.4

 86.5

 86.3

 86.0

 84.2

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 102.3

 102.6

 101.1

 100.2

 100.7

 100.9

 102.6

 103.4

 94.2

 64.8

 67.5

 75.7

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.23

–0.03

–0.07

 0.02

 0.17

 0.23

 0.19

 0.01

 0.18

 0.35

 0.27

:

Euro-dollar exchange rate

average

 1.12

 1.11

 1.10

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.09

 1.11

 1.09

 1.09

 1.13

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.
Indicator:  
Current account  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–dollar exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(** ) Data refer to the EA–19 aggregate (euro area with 19 Member States) with the exception of Inflation (HICP all–items ), 3 month Interest rate, Long term government 
bond yields and Euro–dollar exchange rate which refer to the evolving euro area aggregate, i.e. euro area with 11 Member States till 31/12/2000, euro area with 12 
Member States from 01/01/2001 till 31/12/2006, euro area with 13 Member States from 01/01/2007 till 31/12/2007, euro area with 15 Member States from 01/01/2008 
till 31/12/2008, euro area with 16 Member States from 01/01/2009 till 31/12/2010, euro area with 17 Member States from 01/01/2011 till 31/12/2013, euro area with 18 
Member States from 01/01/2014 till 31/12/2014, euro area with 19 Member States from 01/01/2014 till next euro area enlargement

Source:
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only 
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

28

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Euro area

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
5.0

0.0

5.0  

10.0  

15.0  

20.0  

25.0  

30.0  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

GDP (q/q–4)

IP (m/m–12)

Index
(ESI)
120.0

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate
(PFC,I)
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)
Investment (I) (q/q–1)
Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

PFC (q/q–4)
I (q/q–4)

RT (m/m–12)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

5.5

3.5

1.5

0.5 

2.5 

4.5 

6.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Employment (E) (q/q–4)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–4)

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
Industrial producer prices (m/m–12)

HICP (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–12)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions EUR
60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
 5.0

 4.0

 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    2.5

    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

29

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Belgium
Detailed PEEIs analysis by countries

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.0

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.2

 0.3

 0.5

 0.3

 0.4

 0.8

 0.3

 0.5

 0.5

 0.5

–3.6

–6.5

–3.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 0.5

 4.2

 1.4

 0.6

 3.7

 1.6

 1.4

 3.9

 1.3

 1.8

 0.9

–2.5

–4.8

–2.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–13.0

 100.0

–786.7

–268.9 –1052.8

–310.0

–256.9

–114.9

 559.6

–571.7

m euro

–501.9

–223.4 –1325.0

–699.3 –1593.3 –1007.2

–821.3

–574.7

–175.9 –1523.8

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–1161.0 –2582.0

–109.0 –1961.0

 1546.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.8

 1.2

–1.0

–0.1

 1.1

 0.9

–0.7

–1.5

–0.6

 0.6

 0.5

–1.7

 0.3

 0.2

 2.3

 0.0

 0.4

 0.5

 0.3

 0.9

 0.3

–3.0

–3.2

–0.9

–1.1

 1.4

–0.5

–0.4

 1.5

 1.0

–0.9

–1.5

–0.4

 0.4

–2.8

–4.6

–0.2

 0.0

–2.5

–5.3

–0.2

–0.2

–4.6

–9.6

 0.4

 0.2

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.3

 13.0

 4.7

 5.2

 13.0

 4.6

 5.2

 13.0

 4.5

 5.2

 15.1

 4.4

 5.2

 15.1

 4.4

 5.2

 15.1

 4.4

 5.1

 11.9

 4.4

 5.0

 11.9

 4.4

 5.1

 11.9

 4.6

 5.3

:

 4.8

 5.4

:

 4.8

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.6

 0.4

 0.5

 0.3

 0.4

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.1

 2.0

 2.6

 1.6

 1.6

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.3

 0.5

 0.4

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 1.6

 1.5

 1.6

 1.7

 1.1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–6.6

–0.1

 0.7

 3.4

–1.2

 1.2

 6.0

 4.5

–2.4

–2.6

–0.8

 0.1

–1.3

 8.1

–0.3

–1.9

 0.0

 0.6

–2.0

 5.2

–1.0

–2.5

 0.6

 0.4

 1.1

 2.6

 0.4

 2.2

 2.7

 2.4

 2.2

 10.4

–2.0

–6.5

–2.6

 0.3

–4.2

 0.4

 1.6

 12.6

 0.0

 1.5

 0.6

 2.2

–3.1

–4.5

 2.7

 3.7

–5.7

–3.1

–5.9

–15.5

–23.8

–4.2

–23.6

–39.0

–10.5

–8.8

–7.2

–15.9

:

:

:

:

 20.0

–0.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–8.2

 2.7

–5.5

 2.7

 103.1

 102.3

 102.1

 98.6

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 98.0

 94.5

 93.1

 94.3

 93.9

 96.1

 97.6

 100.0

 92.4

 60.3

 61.9

 67.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.00

–0.28

–0.24

–0.16

–0.04

 0.01

–0.03

–0.13

–0.02

 0.14

 0.04

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

30

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Belgium

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)

 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

20

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    25.0
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.8

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9

    0.8

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4

    0.3

    0.1

    0.0

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   3.0
   2.0
   1.0
   0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

2 000
1 500
1 000
 500
 0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2  
0.4  
0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

31

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Bulgaria

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.0

 2.3

 0.3

 0.7

 2.3

 0.7

 0.7

 1.2

 0.8

 0.8

 0.2

 1.3

 0.3

–0.2

–1.5

Q/Q-4 %

 3.8

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.9

 1.3

 3.5

 6.2

 1.6

 3.2

 6.2

 2.1

 3.1

 6.2

 3.0

 2.4

 3.5

 1.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–232.9

–53.9

–200.9

–114.5

–48.1

–166.5

–173.0

–264.6

–170.6

–73.2

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 230.0

 460.8

 1644.1

 117.5

 439.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.3

 2.6

 1.5

 4.0

 0.2

 2.5

 0.7

 4.5

–1.2

 1.6

 0.3

 4.5

 0.2

 1.6

 0.1

 3.8

 0.3

 2.2

 0.3

 4.0

 0.8

 3.1

 0.0

 4.5

 0.5

 3.4

 0.4

 4.7

 0.0

 3.1

–0.1

 3.0

–0.5

 2.4

–1.3

 1.8

–0.4

 1.3

–2.5

–1.1

–0.2

 1.0

–0.7

–1.7

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.0

 8.6

 3.8

 3.9

 8.2

 3.7

 4.0

 8.2

 3.8

 4.2

 8.7

 4.0

 4.2

 9.0

 4.0

 4.2

 9.3

 3.9

 4.5

 13.0

 4.1

 4.2

 12.9

 3.9

 4.1

 12.0

 3.8

 4.8

 14.0

 4.4

 4.6

 12.1

 4.2

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 5.4

 1.8

 1.4

 3.1

 3.6

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 13.5

 11.1

 10.2

 12.0

 10.2

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.0

–0.1

 0.4

–0.9

Q/Q-4 %

 0.1

 0.2

 0.1

 1.0

–1.3

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

 0.8

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.9

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 2.0

 4.5

 0.9

 4.8

–0.1

–1.2

–0.6

 3.1

 0.1

 3.6

 0.4

 0.3

 0.9

 6.5

 0.1

 3.5

 1.0

 1.9

 0.0

 3.4

 0.1

 2.6

–0.9

–0.3

–1.0

 1.3

 0.7

 3.7

–1.7

–1.3

 0.4

 1.9

 0.7

 5.8

 2.2

–0.6

 0.3

 1.7

 0.1

 3.4

 0.8

 0.0

–1.2

–0.2

 0.9

 5.5

–5.1

–6.8

–11.7

–13.8

–20.1

–14.6

–11.3

–15.6

–0.7

–15.0

–2.0

:

:

:

:

 0.0

–19.9

–20.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 4.8

 4.8

 2.7

–3.1

 20.9

 20.4

 20.6

 20.4

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.3

 100.9

 101.6

 102.3

 100.4

 103.1

 101.1

 98.3

 95.9

 58.3

 63.8

 72.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

New bulgarian Lev exchange  
rates against the euro

%

%

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 0.43

 0.35

 0.35

 0.25

 0.22

 0.18

 0.15

 0.12

 0.15

 0.20

 0.20

–

:

average

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

 1.96

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

32

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Bulgaria

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 1.5

 1.0

 0.5

 0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    6.0

    0.0

6.0 

12.0 

18.0 

24.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    6.0
    5.3
    4.6
    3.9
    3.2
    2.6
    1.9
    1.2
    0.5
0.2 
0.9 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

2 000

1 500

1 000

 500

 0

500

%
(MIR, GBY)
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0

Bulgarian Lev/

2.17

1.86

1.55

1.24

0.93

0.62

0.31

0.00

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Bulgarian lev-Euro exchange rate (Bulgarian Lev/€)

33

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Czechia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 1.2

 0.0

 0.5

 0.7

–0.3

 0.4

 0.2

 0.8

 0.5

 1.0

 4.1

–3.3

–1.9

–9.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.8

 3.1

 3.6

 2.7

 3.0

 1.5

 2.5

 2.7

 1.1

 2.0

–2.0

 3.2

 0.0

 4.6

–5.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–400.9

–403.9

–420.8

–436.2

–442.1

–257.1

–442.9

–456.5

–524.5

–1177.1

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 1573.9

 1095.8 –2396.8

–932.6

 2911.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.4

 2.6

–0.1

 2.1

 0.1

 2.6

 0.1

 2.1

–0.5

 2.6

 0.1

 1.9

 0.5

 2.6

–0.3

 0.9

 0.1

 3.0

–0.1

 0.9

 0.2

 3.2

 0.1

 2.1

 1.6

 3.8

 1.3

 2.4

 0.3

 3.7

–0.7

 1.4

 0.0

 3.6

–0.5

 0.4

–0.2

 3.3

–0.5

–0.8

 0.5

 3.1

 0.4

–0.9

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 2.1

 5.5

 1.9

 1.9

 4.9

 1.8

 2.1

 5.1

 1.9

 2.0

 5.1

 1.9

 2.1

 5.5

 1.9

 2.0

 4.8

 1.8

 2.0

 5.7

 1.8

 2.0

 5.6

 1.8

 2.1

 6.4

 1.8

 2.2

 6.4

 2.0

 2.4

 7.2

 2.1

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.5

 1.7

 0.9

 2.3

 1.4

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 7.1

 7.7

 5.3

 7.8

 6.5

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.0

–0.2

–0.3

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 0.8

 0.6

 0.0

–0.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

 0.0

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.2

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.5

 4.4

–0.3

 4.2

–0.4

–2.0

–3.2

–2.4

 0.2

 4.5

 1.3

–0.9

 1.0

–1.5

 0.7

 4.9

–0.1

–0.3

 0.3

 0.5

 0.1

 4.6

–1.1

–3.0

 1.1

 5.2

 0.2

 3.9

–0.9

–2.9

 0.4

 4.4

 0.6

 4.0

 0.8

–1.4

 2.5

 4.4

 1.0

 4.7

 0.4

–0.3

–0.4

 3.6

 0.1

 3.6

–10.9

–23.2

 13.9

–12.4

–33.7

–25.7

–1.7

–0.3

–10.3

–1.9

–4.6

–4.9

–6.0

–10.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–0.2

 1.9

 0.9

–1.4

 34.0

 33.1

 32.0

 30.8

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.6

 102.4

 101.3

 99.4

 99.9

 99.8

 99.5

 96.3

 94.9

 64.5

 64.6

 65.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Czech Koruna exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 2.16

 2.14

 2.14

 2.17

 2.18

 2.18

 2.17

 2.34

 2.00

 0.97

 0.46

 1.36

 0.99

 1.24

 1.32

 1.47

 1.51

 1.62

 1.47

 1.28

 1.28

 0.92

:

:

average

 25.55

 25.80

 25.87

 25.69

 25.53

 25.50

 25.22

 25.05

 26.58

 27.26

 27.27

 26.68

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

34

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Czechia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 20
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
   6.0
   4.0
   2.0
   0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    1.7
    0.0
1.7 
3.4 
5.1 
6.8 
8.5 
10.2 
11.9 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.7
    2.3
    1.9
    1.5
    1.2
    0.8
    0.4
    0.0
0.4 
0.8 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

2 000

3 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Czech Koruna/

    27.60

    27.00

    26.40

    25.80

    25.20

    24.60

    24.00

    23.40

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Czech koruna-euro exchange rate (Czech Koruna/€)

35

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Denmark

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

Q/Q–1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

 0.3

 1.6

 7.5

 1.0

 0.2

–2.3

 0.2

 0.2

 0.2

 0.6

 1.4

 0.9

–2.0

–3.4

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.1

 1.8

 7.0

 2.7

 1.1

–6.7

 2.4

 2.2

 4.4

 2.1

–0.2

 3.5

 6.2

–1.6

–1.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU–27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 1413.0

 1599.1

 1525.9

 1577.4

 1877.3

 1844.4

 1743.0

 1785.5

 1661.7  1890.3

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 2085.6

 6910.7

 7601.0

 7612.5

 3696.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices – all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

M/M–1 %

 0.7

 0.4

 0.8

M/M–12 %

–3.0

–0.4

 0.5

–0.7

–4.4

–0.3

 0.4

–0.7

–4.0

 0.5

 0.6

 0.5

–0.3

 0.6

 0.5

–4.1

–4.8

–0.2

 0.8

–0.1

–1.9

 0.2

 0.8

–1.5

–4.2

 0.4

 0.7

–2.2

–5.7

–0.3

 0.3

–2.2

–6.2

–0.1

–0.1

–1.5

–8.7

–0.1

–0.2

–0.1

–8.5

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.7

 9.5

 3.9

 4.9

 9.6

 4.1

 5.2

 10.2

 4.4

 5.2

 10.5

 4.3

 5.1

 10.3

 4.2

 4.9

 9.8

 4.1

 4.9

 9.9

 4.1

 4.9

 9.8

 4.0

 4.8

 9.9

 3.9

 4.9

 10.1

 4.0

 5.0

 10.5

 4.1

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q–1 % (¹)

 0.0

 0.9

 0.5

 0.3

 0.6

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 1.9

 2.4

 2.2

 1.8

 2.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

 0.3

 0.2

 0.2

 0.2

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 1.2

 1.1

 1.0

 0.7

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

 3.8

 5.5

 1.8

 1.7

–0.9

 1.4

–3.1

 4.2

 1.8

 3.9

 0.0

 0.8

 2.2

 4.5

–0.2

 2.0

 0.1

 0.4

–2.6

 0.2

 0.4

 2.6

–0.5

 0.8

–5.1

–5.0

 0.7

 3.7

 0.2

–0.2

 7.4

–6.3

–3.1

–0.8

–0.6

 0.2

–3.8

–2.8

 1.7

 2.4

 0.2

 1.8

 1.5

 0.0

 2.2

 3.5

 0.1

 0.6

–0.5

–4.0

–6.0

–12.3

–2.1

–3.7

–5.7

–9.8

 9.4

 14.6

–0.8

–3.3

–1.0

–14.7

:

:

 8.9

 6.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (–)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 4.2

 5.0

 2.6

 2.9

 33.3

 34.4

 33.9

 33.2

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 96.6

 101.0

 101.0

 96.3

 100.9

 102.0

 98.6

 102.3

 93.0

 54.9

 54.4

 67.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Danish Krone exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.39

–0.43

–0.45

–0.43

–0.41

–0.40

–0.41

–0.41

–0.36

–0.12

–0.13

–0.17

–0.31

–0.58

–0.59

–0.43

–0.31

–0.26

–0.26

–0.41

–0.41

–0.21

–0.29

:

%

%

average

 7.47

 7.46

 7.46

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.47

 7.46

 7.46

 7.45

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

36

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Denmark

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

Index
(ESI)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Growth rate
(RT)
    10.0

    7.5

    5.0

    2.5

    0.0

2.5 

5.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

2.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

Danish Krone/

7.500
7.494
7.489
7.483
7.478
7.472
7.467
7.461
7.456
7.450

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Danish krone-euro exchange rate (Danish Krone/€)

37

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Germany

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.9

 1.6

–0.2

 0.2

 0.3

 0.2

–0.1

–2.2

 0.0

–3.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.0

 1.7

–0.3

–0.1

–0.4

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 4.3

 0.3

 1.7

 3.1

 0.7

 2.0

 2.2

 0.4

 1.3

 0.8

–2.3

–2.8

–1.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 20107.6  19180.3  19610.6  21043.2  19336.8  19812.6

 18157.5  23106.8  18195.3

 6374.0

m euro

 19091.8  18270.9  18897.3  19867.4  18111.6  19396.7

 17207.4  21329.2  16922.7  6426.9

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 64283.0  53524.0  59170.0  68246.0  65987.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.4

 1.1

 0.1

 1.3

–0.1

 1.0

–0.4

 0.6

–0.1

 0.9

 0.1

 0.1

 0.1

 0.9

–0.1

–0.3

–0.8

 1.2

 0.0

–0.4

 0.6

 1.5

 0.1

 0.1

–0.8

 1.6

 0.8

 0.5

 0.6

 1.7

–0.4

 0.1

 0.1

 1.3

–0.8

–0.5

 0.4

 0.8

–0.6

–1.5

 0.0

 0.5

–0.5

–1.9

 0.7

 0.8

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.0

 5.7

 2.7

 3.1

 5.7

 2.8

 3.1

 5.7

 2.8

 3.2

 5.7

 2.9

 3.2

 5.6

 2.9

 3.3

 5.6

 3.0

 3.4

 5.5

 3.2

 3.5

 5.5

 3.3

 3.7

 5.5

 3.5

 3.8

 5.4

 3.6

 3.9

 5.4

 3.7

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.2

 0.8

 1.0

 0.1

 2.4

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.5

 3.2

 3.0

 3.0

 4.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.1

 0.0

 0.1

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

 1.1

 1.0

 0.7

 0.6

 0.3

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.2

–4.6

–0.1

 3.0

–0.5

 3.0

 0.2

–4.9

–0.6

 2.7

 0.1

 3.6

–0.8

–5.0

 1.4

 2.1

 0.3

 3.9

–0.9

–5.6

–1.3

 1.2

–0.6

 2.1

 0.8

–3.5

 2.0

 3.6

 1.7

 3.6

–1.6

–6.3

–1.9

 0.5

–1.5

 2.3

 1.8

–3.5

 5.8

 15.0

 1.4

 2.5

 0.4

–2.8

–0.3

 4.5

 0.8

 2.7

–10.7

–13.8

 1.0

 4.4

–2.6

–0.2

–20.2

 9.7

–29.4

–23.1

–5.4

–0.5

–6.5

–6.1

 0.5

 1.7

 13.9

 7.2

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 2.2

 3.2

 0.4

 0.1

 61.7

 61.1

 61.1

 59.8

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 99.2

 99.6

 98.4

 98.2

 98.6

 99.1

 101.2

 101.8

 92.0

 72.1

 75.3

 81.9

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.39

–0.65

–0.59

–0.47

–0.35

–0.30

–0.31

–0.47

–0.54

–0.45

–0.52

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

38

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Germany

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0
    12.0
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.7
    2.4
    2.1
    1.8
    1.5
    1.2
    0.9
    0.6
    0.3
    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0
   0.8
   0.6
   0.4
   0.2
   0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.8 
1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

80 000
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
 0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

39

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Estonia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

Q/Q–1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

 1.0

 1.3

 7.2

 0.9

 0.0

 4.5

 1.2

 0.5

–5.1

 0.9

 0.2

 0.3

–3.7

–0.5

–6.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 4.6

 5.7

 4.4

 2.8

Q/Q-4 %

 17.7

 24.4

 4.5

 2.7

 7.6

 4.0

–0.8

 2.1

 0.2

 6.7

–6.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–9.4

 23.7

–29.2

–3.7

 59.8

–29.4

 82.3

 37.9

 38.7

 74.0

m euro

 27.6

 63.5

 2.8

 32.8

 87.6

 38.3

 105.2

 67.0

 45.9

 85.7

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

mn euro

 134.7

 211.3

 224.1

 209.4

 252.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices – all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M–1 %

–0.3

M/M–12 %

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

 2.0

 0.8

 0.1

 0.7

 2.1

–0.1

–0.5

–0.2

 2.2

 0.0

 0.7

–0.2

 1.4

–0.7

 0.8

–0.4

 1.8

–0.4

–1.2

–0.3

 1.8

–1.3

–2.6

–0.6

 1.6

–1.6

–5.3

 0.6

 2.0

–0.9

–4.7

–0.6

 1.0

–1.6

–5.5

–0.3

–0.9

–0.8

–6.6

–0.6

–1.8

 0.7

–5.5

 0.8

–1.5

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.3

 13.6

 3.4

 4.0

 13.1

 3.2

 4.3

 9.3

 3.9

 4.1

 8.1

 3.8

 4.3

 9.2

 3.9

 4.4

 9.3

 4.0

 4.7

 8.6

 4.4

 4.7

 9.6

 4.3

 4.8

 9.9

 4.4

 6.0

 13.2

 5.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q–1 % (¹)

 1.4

 2.0

 1.6

 1.5

–0.5

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 7.5

 8.4

 7.7

 6.7

 4.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

–0.4

–0.3

 1.0

 1.3

–0.4

Q/Q-4 %

 1.9

 0.0

 1.8

 1.6

 1.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

–2.2

–2.4

–

–

 0.6

 3.9

 3.0

 0.0

–

–

 0.9

 4.6

–2.1

–2.4

–

–

 0.4

 3.7

–1.0

–3.5

–

–

–0.1

 4.3

 1.4

–5.4

–

–

 1.5

 4.4

–0.7

–6.4

–

–

–2.0

 3.2

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

General government deficit (–)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

–2.1

 7.8

 0.9

 9.1

 0.7

 9.0

–0.9

 8.4

:

:

–1.8

–8.1

–

–

 1.3

 3.3

 9.4

 3.5

–

–

 4.2

 8.1

–9.6

–8.8

–

–

–3.0

 2.9

–8.4

–17.0

–0.2

–17.7

–

–

–16.9

–15.0

–

–

 16.2

 0.3

:

:

–

–

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 96.0

 96.9

 94.9

 94.0

 92.4

 94.4

 94.4

 97.1

 96.5

 68.6

 68.6

 71.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3–month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

40

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Estonia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15

 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.1

    1.6

    1.1

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

1.1 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0

50

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0
0.1  
0.1  
0.2  
0.2  
0.3  
0.3  
0.4  
0.4  
0.5  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

41

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Ireland

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 2.9

 0.8

–0.6

 0.7

 2.1

 0.7

 1.7

 0.0

 1.2

–4.7

Q/Q-4 %

 7.3

Q/Q-4 %

 3.3

 4.2

 2.9

 4.5

 2.8

 6.3

 4.5

 2.2

–3.4

Reference period

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–21.1

 211.1

–62.1

 154.2

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

 5.8

 220.9

 1.8

 136.6

 200.0

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 3094.0

 3490.4

3762.5

 3567.1

 3577.4

3688.5

4463.4

2706.1

5049.8

 3275.5

m euro

 2944.7

 3381.1

3624.9

 3476.8

3487.9

3637.8

4373.0

2674.6

4981.3

 3226.4

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 10990.0 –26538.0 11178.0 –28439.0 –15206.0

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.2

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.5

 0.2

 1.6

 0.4

 0.6

 0.1

 1.7

–0.3

 0.6

–0.1

 1.4

–0.2

 0.6

–0.2

 1.2

–0.2

 0.8

 0.2

 1.4

 0.2

 1.1

–0.2

 0.9

–0.7

 1.1

–1.1

–0.7

 0.6

 0.9

 0.2

–1.2

 0.4

 0.5

–0.1

–1.3

–0.4

–0.3

–0.5

–1.6

–0.6

–0.8

–0.3

–1.8

 0.3

–0.7

:

:

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.1

 12.8

 4.0

 5.0

 12.4

 4.0

 4.9

 11.8

 3.9

 4.7

 11.0

 3.8

 4.7

 11.0

 3.8

 4.7

 11.3

 3.8

 4.8

 4.8

 5.3

 5.4

 5.6

 5.3

 12.2

 12.0

 12.6

 12.5

 13.2

 12.8

 3.8

 3.8

 4.2

 4.4

 4.5

 4.2

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.9

 1.0

 1.0

 0.9

 0.1

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.3

 3.2

 3.8

 3.9

 2.9

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.5

–0.2

 0.8

 1.1

 0.3

Q/Q-4 %

 3.8

 2.0

 2.4

 3.4

 2.2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 5.1

 6.0

–

–

 0.9

 4.7

–3.7

–1.0

–

–

 0.3

 4.4

 3.5

 7.5

–

–

 0.7

 4.9

 4.2

 11.1

–

–

–0.2

 4.1

–4.5

 1.8

–

–

–0.2

 2.3

–6.1

–2.3

–

–

 0.9

 5.8

 2.3

 1.3

–

–

 0.0

 3.5

 0.2

–5.2

–

–

–0.1

 0.8

 21.2

 26.0

–

–

 0.0

 3.4

–11.5

–9.8

 4.9

–13.7

–

–

–

–

–22.0

 10.7

–21.0

–11.6

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–2.6

 1.1

–1.3

 4.2

 65.3

 63.9

 62.5

 58.8

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.8

 98.7

 96.6

 95.1

 100.7

 96.7

 101.8

 102.0

 95.2

 65.5

 70.7

 77.5

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09 2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.13

–0.05

–0.01

 0.02

 0.07

 0.04

 0.00

–0.13

 0.07

 0.20

 0.11

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) 

42

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Ireland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 25
 20
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 200.0

 150.0

 100.0

 50.0

 0.0

50.0 

100.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    14.0

    7.0

    0.0

7.0 

14.0 

21.0 

28.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5

    1.1

    0.7

    0.4

    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   0.8
   0.6
   0.4
   0.2
   0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.8 
1.0 
1.2 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

15 000
10 000
5 000
 0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

43

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Greece

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 1.0

 1.0

–0.4

 0.4

 0.3

–0.7

–1.6

 0.4

 5.7

–0.9

–8.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.6

 1.3

 2.8

 0.0

 2.3

 0.3

 1.0

 1.3

–0.9

–0.7

Q/Q-4 %

 8.8

–5.2

 2.5

 14.0

–6.4

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 11.7

 2.0

–5.3

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

m euro

–1056.3 –1303.6 –1046.6 –1081.8

–980.1

–844.4

–937.1

–916.0

–687.5

–795.4

m euro

–941.9 –1174.8

–905.6

–963.5

–855.9

–760.8

–812.6

–834.9

–617.5

–760.6

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–3736.0

–322.0

 4091.0 –2594.0 –3522.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.2

 0.4

 1.2

–0.5

–0.6

 0.1

–1.3

–1.8

 1.5

 0.2

 1.2

–1.3

–0.1

–0.3

–2.0

–4.0

–0.7

 0.5

 3.4

 1.9

 0.4

 1.1

 0.4

 4.6

–1.3

 1.1

–0.3

 3.3

–0.4

 0.4

–1.5

 0.5

 1.2

 0.2

–5.3

–5.8

–0.1

–0.9

–2.7

–9.4

–0.2

–0.7

 1.2

–7.6

–0.4

–1.7

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 17.1

 34.2

 16.2

 17.0

 34.8

 16.0

 16.9

 34.9

 15.9

 16.7

 35.4

 15.7

 16.6

 34.3

 15.7

 16.4

 32.6

 15.6

 16.3

 33.6

 15.4

 15.9

 32.7

 15.1

 14.4

 32.4

 13.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–1.3

 0.9

–0.7

 0.9

 0.5

Q/Q-4 % (³)

–0.2

 2.1

 4.1

 4.1

 1.5

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

 0.8

–0.1

–0.1

–0.1

Q/Q-4 %

 2.1

 2.4

 2.0

 1.5

 0.3

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–1.4

–2.2

–

–

–0.8

–2.2

 1.6

–0.1

–

–

 1.3

 2.2

 1.1

 1.8

–

–

 1.8

 5.0

–2.6

–1.0

–

–

–0.5

 7.2

–4.2

–9.9

–

–

–0.7

 3.7

 3.3

–4.4

–

–

–2.6

–1.5

 4.4

–0.8

–

–

 3.1

 6.2

–3.9

–3.2

–

–

–2.0

 2.5

 1.9

 0.5

–

–

–0.3

–2.4

–8.7

–10.4

–

–

–25.5

–24.8

:

:

–

–

:

:

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–4.0

 0.7

 4.9

 3.5

 182.0

 179.5

 178.1

 176.6

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 106.6

 109.5

 108.3

 107.8

 108.1

 110.4

 109.5

 113.2

 109.4

 99.3

 88.5

 87.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 2.16

 1.98

 1.50

 1.34

 1.36

 1.42

 1.34

 1.07

 1.97

 2.05

 1.93

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

44

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Greece

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
   120.0

   110.0

   100.0

   90.0

   80.0

   70.0

   60.0

   50.0

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 8.0
 6.0
 4.0
 2.0
 0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 

Growth rate
(RT)

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

25.0 

30.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.1

    0.7

    0.4

    0.0

0.4 

0.7 

1.1 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 4.0
 3.0
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
 0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

45

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Spain

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.4

 1.5

 0.4

–0.1

–0.8

 0.4

 0.8

 1.1

 0.4

 0.1

–5.2

–6.5

–1.2

–5.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.2

 1.2

 4.8

 2.0

 0.7

 0.5

 1.9

 1.3

 1.4

 1.8

 1.2

–4.1

–5.7

 0.6

–6.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–2931.9 –2776.0 –2997.7 –2644.7 –1973.1 –2303.0

–2788.1 –2161.1 –1556.2 –2393.4

m euro

–2626.1 –2615.0 –2840.5 –2346.7 –1799.6 –2045.3

–2480.1 –1900.6 –1374.4 –2334.6

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–1986.0  10571.0

 8194.0

 7773.0

–940.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

–1.1

 0.6

 0.7

M/M-12 %

–0.7

–0.1

 0.4

–1.5

–2.6

 0.4

 0.2

 0.1

 0.7

 0.2

 0.5

–3.3

–2.8

 0.0

 0.5

–0.6

–2.4

–0.1

 0.8

–0.4

–1.7

–1.4

 1.1

 1.0

–1.0

–0.1

 0.9

–1.3

–2.2

 0.6

 0.1

–3.0

–4.9

 0.4

–0.7

–3.0

–8.4

 0.1

–0.9

–0.3

–8.7

 0.4

–0.3

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 14.3

 32.8

 12.9

 14.3

 32.8

 12.9

 14.1

 32.2

 12.8

 14.0

 31.2

 12.7

 13.8

 30.5

 12.6

 13.7

 30.3

 12.5

 14.0

 32.3

 12.7

 13.7

 32.0

 12.4

 14.2

 32.2

 12.9

 14.6

 32.7

 13.3

 14.5

 32.9

 13.1

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.9

 1.0

 0.4

 0.9

 1.2

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.6

 3.5

 2.4

 2.9

 3.8

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.3

 0.1

 0.8

–1.0

Q/Q-4 %

 2.5

 2.2

 1.7

 2.0

 0.2

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.5

 0.7

–0.5

 3.9

 0.1

 3.2

 0.1

 1.3

–1.0

 0.7

 0.4

 3.3

–0.6

 0.3

–2.2

–9.4

 0.0

 3.6

–0.4

–1.7

 0.5

–1.1

–0.1

 2.6

 0.4

 2.0

–1.1

–3.2

 0.7

 3.1

–0.9

 0.6

–1.0

–6.4

–1.2

 1.3

–0.3

–3.0

–0.2

–0.7

 0.6

 1.7

–0.3

–13.5

–22.8

 15.1

–1.8

–1.6

–7.4

 0.5

 2.0

–14.4

–34.8

–24.9

–2.5

–26.1

–15.6

–32.5

–14.8

–19.2

–13.5

–29.8

:

:

 18.0

–17.9

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–1.3

–7.1

 3.0

–5.5

 98.6

 98.6

 97.5

 95.5

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 105.3

 107.8

 103.8

 100.8

 101.8

 102.7

 101.5

 102.7

 99.3

 73.3

 74.9

 83.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.35

 0.14

 0.18

 0.20

 0.39

 0.44

 0.42

 0.27

 0.52

 0.82

 0.74

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

46

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Spain

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
2.0

2.0  

6.0  

10.0  

14.0  

18.0  

22.0  

26.0  

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.2
14.0
13.8
13.6
13.4
13.2

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5
    1.2
    0.9
    0.6
    0.3
    0.0
0.3 
0.6 
0.9 
1.2 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

 0

2 000

4 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0

0.4  

0.8  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

47

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for France

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.6

 1.1

 0.3

 0.3

 1.4

 0.2

 0.4

 1.2

–0.1

–5.3

 0.3

–5.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.7

 1.0

 1.8

 1.6

 1.6

 1.8

 0.9

–5.0

 1.7

–4.5

 0.1

–10.5

Q/Q-4 %

 4.0

 4.5

 4.8

 3.8

–8.1

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 2710.5

 1978.9

 2454.0

 3135.1

 2310.4

 3005.8

 1894.9

1463.2 3486.9

 392.2

m euro

 3261.2

 2549.0

 3104.2

 3752.6

 2837.0

 3548.7

 2435.9

1738.9  3811.3

 701.9

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–14668.0

–3867.0 –4454.0

 6810.0 –17947.0

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.2

 1.3

 0.4

–0.2

 0.5

 1.3

 0.1

–0.4

 1.1

 0.1

–0.5

–0.9

–0.1

 0.9

–0.2

–1.3

 0.1

 1.2

 1.4

–0.5

 0.5

 1.6

 0.1

 0.6

–0.5

 1.7

–0.2

 0.1

 0.0

 1.6

–0.7

–1.1

 0.1

 0.8

–1.6

–2.5

 0.0

 0.4

–2.9

–4.5

 0.2

 0.4

–0.1

–4.1

–0.1

 0.1

:

:

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 8.5

 19.2

 7.4

 8.5

 19.2

 7.4

 8.4

 19.3

 7.2

 8.3

 19.9

 7.0

 8.2

 20.1

 6.9

 8.2

 20.2

 6.9

 8.0

 19.7

 6.7

 7.6

 7.6

 8.7

 8.1

 18.7

 18.4

 21.7

 21.2

 6.5

 6.5

 7.3

 6.7

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.8

–0.3

 0.7

–0.2

 0.7

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.4

 1.6

 1.9

 1.0

 0.9

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.3

 0.2

 0.3

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 0.9

 1.1

 1.2

 1.2

 0.7

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.5

 0.0

–2.5

–0.7

–1.2

 0.8

–1.0

–1.7

–1.5

–2.8

 3.1

 4.2

 0.6

 0.4

 2.6

–1.5

–1.7

 2.6

 0.3

 0.1

–2.3

–1.7

 0.2

 1.4

–0.4

 0.5

 3.3

 1.8

 1.1

 3.4

–2.3

–3.0

–4.2

–6.7

–1.2

 2.5

 0.9

–3.4

 2.2

 0.1

 0.7

 2.5

 0.9

–16.4

–20.3

–1.6

–17.3

–34.9

–0.5

–42.3

–32.6

–4.3

–44.3

–60.6

:

:

:

:

–0.1

–15.6

–19.0

 25.6

 1.3

–13.4

–30.1

–12.0

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–7.0

–3.0

–3.9

 1.6

 99.6

 99.6

 100.4

 98.4

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 102.8

 103.1

 102.2

 102.6

 101.8

 101.4

 103.9

 105.5

 99.0

 67.9

 67.7

 77.1

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07

2019M08

2019M09

2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.07

–0.34

–0.28

–0.16

–0.02

 0.04

–0.01

–0.18

–0.06

 0.06

–0.03

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

48

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

France

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 5

 0

5

10

15

20

25

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
125

115

105

95

85

75

65

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 2.0

 0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

12.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    36.0

    27.0

    18.0

    9.0

    0.0

9.0 

18.0 

27.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.8

    0.6

    0.4

    0.2

    0.0

0.2 

0.4 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 2.0
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

10 000

5 000

 0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.1

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.59

    1.42

    1.25

    1.08

    0.91

    0.74

    0.57

    0.40

49

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Croatia

Indicators

Reference period

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

Q/Q–1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

2019Q1
 1.1

2019Q2
 0.6

2019Q3
 0.6

2019Q4
 0.4

2020Q1
–1.2

Q/Q-4 %

2019Q1
 4.0

2019Q2
 2.4

2019Q3
 2.8

2019Q4
 2.7

2020Q1
 0.3

 1.2

 2.7

 0.0

–0.2

 1.0

 0.3

 1.6

 1.9

–2.0

 0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 4.0

Q/Q-4 %

 10.0

 2.9

 8.2

 3.2

 5.5

 3.9

 4.7

 0.6

 2.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–21.5

–6.4

 38.2

–64.5

–85.6

–45.6

–31.5

–80.4

 9.8

–12.0

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–2103.3

–513.9

 4562.5

–591.2 –1455.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices – all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

M/M–1 %

M/M–12 %

 0.5

 0.9

 0.3

 0.1

–0.4

 0.6

–0.3

–0.3

–0.2

 0.6

 0.5

 0.2

 0.6

 0.2

–0.2

–0.5

–0.4

–0.1

 0.8

 0.2

 0.3

 1.3

 0.0

 1.5

–0.1

 1.8

 0.5

 1.9

–0.5

 1.2

–0.1

 1.3

 0.0

 0.5

–1.9

–1.2

 0.0

–0.1

–2.4

–4.1

–0.1

–0.7

–0.6

–4.6

:

:

 0.5

–3.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.6

 16.4

 5.7

 6.5

 16.4

 5.6

 6.4

 16.4

 5.6

 6.4

 16.2

 5.5

 6.4

 16.2

 5.6

 6.4

 16.2

 5.5

 6.3

 16.4

 5.5

 6.2

 16.4

 5.4

 6.8

 16.4

 5.8

 8.1

:

 6.9

 8.9

:

 7.4

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q–1 % (¹)

 0.9

 0.7

 0.6

 0.9

–1.7

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 4.5

 2.1

 4.8

 3.0

 0.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q–1 % 

 2.5

–2.0

 0.5

 0.9

 1.0

Q/Q-4 %

 2.7

 0.4

 0.9

 1.9

 0.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

M/M–1 % (¹)

M/M–12 % (³)

 2.9

 3.0

 2.3

 6.8

–1.2

 3.6

–3.0

–1.7

–0.4

 3.6

–1.1

 0.4

 1.9

 2.0

 2.2

 7.2

 2.0

 3.3

–1.0

 0.3

 0.5

 7.0

 0.3

 2.6

–0.6

–0.4

 1.0

 7.0

 1.4

 3.9

–2.1

–2.2

 1.2

 8.3

 0.3

 4.0

 1.3

–5.5

 3.1

 8.0

 1.2

 5.1

–0.2

–2.8

 1.2

 11.9

–0.1

 3.3

–1.4

–4.9

–11.6

–0.9

–8.2

–5.1

–5.6

–3.5

–11.0

–12.4

–2.0

–4.8

–20.6

–24.0

:

:

 21.4

–5.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (–)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–2.2

 2.5

 3.3

–2.7

 74.6

 75.9

 74.9

 73.2

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 111.2

 109.5

 113.5

 112.1

 112.9

 113.3

 113.9

 112.6

 103.3

 72.3

 79.0

 84.8

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3–month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Croatian kuna exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 0.47

 0.44

 0.47

 0.43

 0.41

 0.39

:

:

:

:

:

 1.06

 0.83

 0.49

 0.47

 0.53

 0.59

 0.61

 0.57

 0.96

 1.24

 0.91

:

:

average

 7.39

 7.39

 7.40

 7.44

 7.44

 7.44

 7.44

 7.45

 7.57

 7.59

 7.57

 7.57

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

50

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Croatia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 9

 6

 3

 0

3

6

9

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
10.0
8.5
7.0
5.5
4.0
2.5
1.0
0.5 
2.0 
3.5 

Growth rate
(RT)

    6.0
    2.5
1.0 
4.5 
8.0 
11.5 
15.0 
18.5 
22.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.5

9.0

7.5

6.0

4.5

3.0

1.5

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

 4

 3

 2

 1

 0

1

2

3

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
 0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Croatian Kuna/

    7.66

    7.54

    7.42

    7.30

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Croatian kuna-euro exchange rate (Croatian Kuna/€)

51

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Italy

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.0

 2.0

 0.1

 0.1

–0.4

 0.0

 0.3

 0.2

–0.2

–5.3

 0.0

–6.6

–0.5

–8.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.3

 0.4

 2.1

 0.4

 0.3

 0.6

 0.5

 0.6

 1.5

 0.1

 0.3

 1.3

–5.4

–6.3

–8.8

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 4140.8

 4522.8

 4924.9

 6195.8

 4988.0

 5902.3

 5557.3

 5812.7

 5279.7

 158.1

m euro

 3621.6

 3992.9

 4364.6

 5636.9

 4566.6

 5292.6

 5102.5

 5191.0  4628.4

 83.8

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 3858.0  12832.0  16499.0  19678.0

 6450.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.8

 0.3

–0.3

–1.0

 0.0

 0.5

–0.5

–2.1

 1.4

 0.2

 0.1

 0.2

 0.2

 0.0

–2.4

–4.1

–0.3

 0.2

–0.3

–3.6

 0.2

 0.5

 0.0

–3.1

–1.8

 0.4

–0.3

–3.4

–0.5

 0.2

–0.6

–3.8

 2.2

 0.1

–1.3

–4.9

 0.5

 0.1

–3.5

–6.8

–0.3

–0.3

–0.3

–7.2

 0.0

–0.4

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 9.9

 28.9

 8.6

 9.6

 27.9

 8.6

 9.7

 28.8

 8.6

 9.5

 27.8

 8.3

 9.4

 28.2

 8.3

 9.4

 28.3

 8.3

 9.4

 9.0

 28.5

 28.0

:

:

 8.2

 27.1

:

 6.6

 21.5

:

 7.8

 23.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.3

 0.7

 0.0

 0.7

 1.2

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.9

 1.9

 1.5

 1.4

 3.0

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.3

 0.1

–0.1

–0.3

Q/Q-4 %

 0.6

 0.4

 0.8

 0.7

 0.1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.8

–0.5

 0.4

 1.2

–0.2

 1.8

 0.4

–1.4

–0.1

 2.1

–0.2

 0.3

–0.4

–1.9

 0.2

 0.8

 0.2

 1.6

–0.3

–2.2

 0.5

 2.7

 0.1

 1.0

 0.2

–0.4

–3.4

–2.7

–0.4

–0.6

–2.8

–4.1

 1.4

–1.3

 0.3

 0.7

 3.7

–0.2

 7.8

 8.4

 0.7

 0.9

–1.0

–2.3

–2.4

 1.1

 0.4

 3.3

–28.4

–19.1

–29.4

–42.5

–36.4

–51.5

–35.5

–67.8

:

:

:

:

–23.0

–12.1

 25.4

–21.8

–33.3

–14.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–7.1

–0.2

–2.2

 2.4

 136.4

 137.8

 137.1

 134.8

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 101.6

 100.5

 99.7

 99.7

 99.8

 101.5

 101.3

 101.3

 83.7

:

 63.0

 71.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 1.65

 1.40

 0.90

 1.00

 1.27

 1.37

 1.28

 0.96

 1.55

 1.80

 1.76

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

52

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Italy

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 
8.0 
9.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    32.0
    24.0
    16.0
    8.0
    0.0
8.0 
16.0 
24.0 
32.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5

    1.2

    0.9

    0.6

    0.3

    0.0

0.3 

0.6 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   3.0

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

 0

%
(MIR, GBY)
 2.0

 1.5

 1.0

 0.5

 0.0

0.5 

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.45
    1.30
    1.15
    1.00
    0.85
    0.70
    0.55
    0.40

53

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Cyprus

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.0

 1.5

 1.1

 0.8

 0.0

–0.6

 1.0

 1.0

–1.3

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.4

 3.8

 3.2

 3.1

 3.2

 2.2

 3.2

 2.7

 0.8

 1.0

Reference period

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–42.9

 29.0

–4.4

–9.1

 15.1

Q/Q-4 %

 59.6

 16.5

 6.9

–35.9

 29.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–129.4

–97.5

–204.3

–93.1

–97.4

–149.2

–155.8

–350.8

–86.1

 17.8

m euro

–108.3

–79.5

–149.7

–65.5

–69.5

–166.8

–106.3

–327.6

–72.9

 34.4

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–639.0

–286.0

–38.0

–510.0

–928.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.4

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 0.8

 1.8

 1.7

 0.6

 0.0

 1.7

–1.8

–0.5

 0.1

 0.9

–0.4

–0.5

–0.2

 1.0

–0.5

 0.5

–0.4

 0.6

–0.7

–0.8

 0.7

 0.1

 0.9

 0.7

 0.0

 2.5

 0.2

 1.0

 0.1

 2.6

 0.2

 0.1

–1.1

 2.5

–0.1

–1.2

–0.4

 1.8

 0.1

–1.4

–1.2

–1.9

 0.1

–2.5

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 7.0

 16.4

 6.1

 6.8

 16.4

 5.9

 6.6

 16.4

 5.8

 6.6

 15.2

 5.8

 6.5

 15.2

 5.8

 6.3

 15.2

 5.5

 6.1

 13.4

 5.5

 6.0

 13.4

 5.4

 6.7

 13.4

 6.2

 8.9

 10.2

:

 8.2

:

 9.3

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.8

 1.9

 0.7

 0.9

 0.8

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 4.7

 6.1

 5.3

 5.3

 4.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

 0.6

 0.7

 0.6

 0.5

Q/Q-4 %

 3.5

 3.1

 3.0

 3.0

 2.4

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–1.4

 2.4

–

–

 0.3

 3.1

 1.8

 5.5

–

–

 1.2

 5.1

 1.0

 5.6

–

–

 0.0

 4.5

 0.2

 4.6

–

–

 0.6

 6.1

–1.2

 2.1

–

–

 1.6

 6.7

 0.2

 3.1

–

–

–0.5

 5.6

 0.5

 2.2

–

–

–0.4

 5.8

 1.1

 4.0

–

–

 1.5

 7.2

–13.6

–28.4

–10.8

–35.7

–

–

–

–

–3.1

–0.6

–30.3

–29.5

:

:

–

–

:

:

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 1.3

 3.1

 7.3

–5.1

 103.1

 107.0

 97.8

 95.5

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 107.6

 108.9

 111.7

 109.4

 109.9

 108.5

 112.2

 111.8

 101.4

 74.5

 76.8

 79.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.66

 0.44

 0.48

 0.51

 0.58

 0.57

 0.61

 0.56

 1.26

 1.87

 1.69

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

54

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Cyprus

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 5

 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 20.0

 10.0

 0.0

10.0 

20.0 

Index
(ESI)
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70

Growth rate
(RT)
    8.0

    0.0

8.0 

16.0 

24.0 

32.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.3
    2.0
    1.8
    1.5
    1.3
    1.0
    0.8
    0.5
    0.3
    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 200

 0

200

400

600

800

1 000

%
(MIR, GBY)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5  

1.0  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.59

    1.42

    1.25

    1.08

    0.91

    0.74

    0.57

    0.40

55

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Latvia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.5

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

–2.4

 0.7

 1.1

 0.9

 0.6

 0.8

 1.4

 0.1

–2.9

–0.1

–5.6

–1.0

 3.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.3

 2.5

 7.1

 2.7

 3.2

 6.0

 1.8

 3.5

 5.2

 1.0

 2.0

–1.5

–3.8

–1.2

 4.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 9.1

 80.6

 41.0

 99.4

 58.6

–19.4

 112.3

 102.8

 90.6

 53.7

m euro

 76.2

 143.8

 108.7

 163.6

 136.1

 44.2

 184.4

 171.8

 153.6

 96.8

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 258.0

–97.0

–296.0

–28.0

 374.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.9

 3.0

–0.3

 4.0

 0.2

 3.1

 0.1

 2.0

–0.2

 2.3

–1.3

 1.4

 0.1

 2.2

–0.6

 1.3

–0.3

 2.0

–0.5

 0.6

–0.2

 2.1

–0.3

–0.4

 0.3

 2.2

–0.9

–1.2

 0.2

 2.3

–0.1

–2.5

 0.3

 1.4

 0.2

–1.9

–0.5

–0.1

–0.3

–2.9

–0.3

–0.9

–1.2

–3.5

 0.2

–1.1

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.4

 11.9

 6.0

 6.2

 10.4

 5.9

 6.0

 9.9

 5.7

 5.8

 10.3

 5.5

 5.9

 10.8

 5.6

 6.5

 11.8

 6.1

 6.9

 13.4

 6.4

 6.9

 13.5

 6.5

 7.4

 14.5

 6.9

 9.0

 17.2

 8.4

 9.8

 18.4

 9.2

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.5

 1.1

 1.3

 2.1

 0.4

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 8.1

 7.4

 7.9

 7.7

 4.9

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

–1.1

 1.0

 0.3

 0.1

Q/Q-4 %

 0.2

–0.7

–0.3

 0.5

 0.2

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–2.3

–1.5

–

–

–0.4

 1.3

 2.7

 2.0

–

–

 0.1

 2.5

 1.0

 7.2

–

–

–1.2

–0.8

–2.1

 3.2

–

–

 0.4

 0.1

–1.2

 0.0

–

–

 2.7

 1.7

–0.3

–3.2

–

–

–0.4

 2.7

–1.9

–4.2

–

–

 0.1

 1.5

 3.0

 1.0

–

–

 4.1

 5.9

–4.0

–3.5

–

–

–5.2

–0.5

–7.4

–9.2

–

–

–7.6

–9.0

 4.9

–6.4

–

–

 7.8

–0.6

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 1.7

 2.7

 1.0

–5.8

 38.6

 37.5

 37.1

 36.9

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 100.6

 100.5

 100.7

 99.2

 100.1

 100.6

 101.5

 101.8

 96.1

 77.7

 78.9

 83.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.15

–0.07

–0.11

 0.00

 0.10

 0.16

 0.11

–0.04

–0.06

 0.30

 0.26

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca:seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

56

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Latvia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 3.0
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    10.0
    8.0
    6.0
    4.0
    2.0
    0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.3

    1.5

    0.8

    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   0.4
   0.2
   0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 
0.8 
1.0 
1.2 
1.4 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 500
 400
 300
 200
 100
 0
100
200
300
400

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.47
    1.33
    1.20
    1.07
    0.93
    0.80
    0.67
    0.53
    0.40

57

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Lithuania

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.1

 0.7

 1.6

 0.9

 1.3

 2.3

 0.8

 0.7

 2.2

 1.1

 0.7

–0.3

–0.4

Q/Q-4 %

 4.1

Q/Q-4 %

 3.2

–0.5

–1.6

Q/Q-4 %

 7.4

 3.9

 3.2

 8.4

 3.8

 3.1

 7.8

 3.9

 3.5

 5.8

 2.4

 2.3

 2.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–14.2

 107.8

 132.7

 60.9

 83.2

 88.3

 161.2

 137.6

 201.6

 230.1

m euro

 97.9

 240.7

 288.2

 194.6

 216.7

 227.0

 266.0

 268.1

 331.6

 305.1

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 259.7

 102.7

 458.6

 1244.9

 772.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.3

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 2.5

 1.0

 0.2

–0.4

 2.5

–0.7

–0.9

 0.9

 2.0

 0.4

–1.6

 0.1

 1.5

–0.4

–2.8

 0.0

 1.7

 0.3

–1.3

 0.5

 2.7

 0.1

–0.1

 0.2

 3.0

 0.3

–0.1

 0.0

 2.8

–0.9

–1.7

–0.1

 1.7

–5.1

–6.3

 0.2

 0.9

–3.3

–0.5

 0.2

–1.3

–10.0

–11.3

 0.4

 0.8

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥ 25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.4

 11.3

 6.0

 6.6

 12.3

 6.1

 6.7

 13.1

 6.2

 6.4

 14.0

 5.8

 6.5

 14.5

 5.9

 6.4

 14.9

 5.8

 6.1

 15.3

 5.4

 6.3

 15.6

 5.5

 6.6

 15.9

 5.8

 8.6

 17.0

 8.0

 9.3

 18.5

 8.6

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–4.8

 3.6

 3.3

 3.5

 1.4

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 4.9

 4.7

 5.1

 4.9

 11.4

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.7

–0.4

–1.1

 1.1

 1.6

Q/Q-4 %

 2.1

 1.0

–1.7

 0.5

 1.0

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.9

 4.4

–

–

–0.2

 4.8

–1.2

 0.2

–

–

–0.1

 3.5

 2.3

 7.7

–

–

 0.7

 4.5

–2.4

–2.1

–

–

–0.1

 3.8

 3.3

 2.4

–

–

 1.0

 4.7

–1.9

–0.5

–

–

 0.0

 4.0

–2.8

–4.9

–

–

 0.9

 5.2

–1.3

–0.5

–

–

 1.4

 7.0

 1.7

–1.4

–

–

–9.9

–5.3

–9.4

–12.2

–

–

–9.0

–17.6

 6.9

–6.2

–

–

 17.5

 0.9

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–2.2

 3.4

 0.2

–0.5

 33.8

 35.9

 35.7

 36.3

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 106.8

 109.0

 108.7

 108.3

 108.1

 107.5

 108.7

 110.2

 103.1

 81.9

 85.8

 89.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

 0.31

:

(* ) The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

58

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Lithuania

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 8
 6
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.5
 2.0
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    20.0

    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    5.0

    3.1

    1.1

0.9 

2.8 

4.8 

6.7 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.0
   0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR
1 400

1 200

1 000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.36

    1.12

    0.88

    0.64

    0.40

59

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Luxembourg

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.2

 1.1

 2.1

 1.0

 0.9

 0.4

 0.3

 0.2

 0.4

 0.4

–2.9

–4.8

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.2

 3.2

 5.2

–18.4

Q/Q-4 %

–0.7

 3.1

 3.4

 0.2

 3.0

 2.8

 9.3

 3.0

 1.9

–0.2

–3.2

 7.5

–13.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 40.7

 18.5

 70.6

 83.1

 62.3

–4.6

 24.9

 44.6

 60.1

–9.0

m euro

 19.3

–2.2

 53.2

 64.0

 60.0

–10.4

 5.9

 31.9

 40.5

–31.4

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–2119.0

 201.0

 224.0

 4540.0

 956.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.8

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.6

 0.8

 2.4

 1.2

 1.4

 0.3

 3.0

 0.0

 1.1

–0.5

 2.0

 0.0

 0.8

–0.5

 1.3

 0.0

 1.0

–0.3

 1.0

 0.1

 1.8

 0.1

 0.9

–0.4

 2.5

 1.2

 0.5

 1.0

 1.8

 0.0

 0.5

–1.2

 0.3

–0.2

–0.6

–0.8

–0.8

 0.1

–0.7

–0.3

–1.6

–0.6

 0.1

 0.9

–0.4

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age < 25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.7

 17.9

 4.7

 5.7

 17.4

 4.7

 5.5

 16.7

 4.5

 5.5

 17.6

 4.5

 5.6

 17.9

 4.6

 5.6

 18.8

 4.6

 5.7

 5.8

 6.6

 18.6

 18.2

 20.5

 4.7

 4.8

 5.4

 7.5

 24.7

 6.0

 7.7

 26.1

 6.1

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.7

–0.2

–0.8

 0.8

 0.7

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 4.6

 3.7

 0.5

 0.6

 0.4

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.9

 0.9

 0.8

 0.8

 0.4

Q/Q-4 %

 3.5

 3.6

 3.7

 3.5

 3.0

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.5

–4.1

–2.9

 0.7

 0.8

 6.5

 2.7

–0.9

 2.9

 3.1

–0.3

 3.7

–1.9

–1.8

–0.9

 0.7

 0.3

 4.4

–2.5

–7.2

 1.3

 1.0

 0.5

 4.3

–1.5

–7.7

–2.1

 1.4

 0.5

 4.4

–3.5

–12.6

 0.1

–0.8

–0.3

 2.6

 4.8

–5.9

 3.8

 12.3

 1.1

 5.0

 0.2

–4.5

 1.8

 4.7

 0.5

 5.6

–19.8

–26.6

–21.1

–43.9

–41.1

–6.8

–36.0

–52.3

:

:

:

:

–15.2

–23.8

 19.0

–10.8

–33.2

–19.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 1.9

 6.1

 0.6

 0.2

 20.7

 20.3

 20.0

 22.1

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 104.7

 105.3

 100.0

 100.7

 101.0

 105.9

 97.8

 102.6

 100.4

 76.0

 87.8

 91.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields (**)

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.28

–0.54

–0.50

–0.40

–0.27

–0.23

–0.25

–0.43

–0.36

–0.25

–0.32

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(**) Due to the fact that the Luxembourg Government does not have outstanding long-term debt securities with a residual maturity of close to ten years, the indicator is 
based on a basket of long-term bonds. This basket has an average residual maturity of close to ten years. The bonds are issued by a private credit institution and the 
indicator is thus not fully harmonised” (source ECB).

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data)

60

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Luxembourg

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 10.0

 5.0

 0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate
(RT)
    30.0

    20.0

    10.0

    0.0

10.0 

20.0 

30.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

    0.20

    0.00

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.13
    1.13
    1.12
    1.11
    1.11
    1.10
    1.09
    1.09
    1.08
    1.07
    1.06

61

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Hungary

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.9

 1.4

 7.0

 0.8

 1.3

–0.2

 0.9

 1.2

 1.8

 0.7

 1.4

–0.4

 1.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 5.5

 4.9

 5.2

 5.0

 4.7

 5.0

–1.1

–0.9

Q/Q-4 %

 24.9

 17.0

 13.4

 4.4

 5.3

 7.4

 2.0

 4.9

–0.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–472.8

–489.5

–597.3

–415.6

–450.7

–553.4

–431.1

–357.4

–371.7

–505.8

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–103.3

 141.5

–584.1

–776.3

–43.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.2

 3.3

–0.2

 2.8

–0.1

 3.2

 0.4

 2.5

 0.0

 2.9

 0.7

 2.4

 0.6

 3.0

 0.1

 1.7

 0.1

 3.4

 0.5

 2.6

 0.3

 4.1

 0.2

 3.4

 0.9

 4.7

 0.9

 3.8

 0.3

 4.4

–0.6

 3.3

 0.2

 3.9

–1.3

 1.6

–0.5

 2.5

–1.6

–0.9

 0.4

 2.2

–1.2

–2.8

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age < 25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.4

 10.0

 2.9

 3.5

 10.6

 2.9

 3.5

 12.3

 2.9

 3.6

 12.8

 2.9

 3.4

 12.3

 2.7

 3.4

 10.9

 2.8

 3.4

 10.7

 2.9

 3.6

 11.3

 3.0

 3.7

 11.9

 3.1

 4.1

 13.5

 3.5

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 3.6

 2.0

 1.5

 2.4

 2.2

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 10.5

 10.1

 8.9

 9.9

 8.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 0.2

 0.0

 0.1

–0.3

Q/Q-4 %

 2.4

 2.0

 1.3

 1.0

–0.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.6

 8.7

 9.9

M/M-12 % (³)

 33.5

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.8

 6.5

–1.4

 2.7

–9.6

 8.7

 0.4

 5.7

 3.2

 9.1

 4.8

–0.6

 6.5

 2.6

 18.2

 20.8

 0.6

 5.9

 0.6

 6.2

–1.3

 5.3

–4.6

 7.3

 0.7

 7.2

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–3.6

–3.6

–3.2

 2.7

 0.4

 6.3

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 1.3

 0.3

–3.0

–5.9

 69.5

 68.2

 68.1

 66.3

:

:

 4.7

 3.0

 1.7

–1.0

 0.9

 7.6

–0.1

–10.4

–30.5

 1.5

 6.6

 5.3

 1.2

 11.2

–10.0

–36.6

–5.2

–3.4

–0.9

 3.5

–1.4

–2.1

–13.8

–10.2

:

:

:

:

 6.1

–2.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 106.9

 109.4

 104.4

 105.5

 109.3

 105.5

 104.2

 104.9

 102.8

 75.4

 76.6

 82.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Hungarian forint exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 0.26

 0.27

 0.19

 0.20

 0.17

 0.15

 0.18

 0.44

 0.49

 1.09

:

 2.33

 1.83

 2.02

 1.94

 1.95

 1.88

 2.08

 2.15

 2.43

 2.49

 1.99

:

:

average

 325.27

 326.91

 332.45

 331.46

 333.62

 330.71

 334.38

 337.17

345.68  356.69

 350.76

 347.69

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

62

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Hungary

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)

116
109
102
95
88
81
74
67
60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0

 1.5

 1.0

 0.5

 0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

Growth rate
(RT)
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 
12.0 
15.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.6
    2.2
    1.8
    1.5
    1.1
    0.7
    0.4
    0.0
0.4 
0.7 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

%
(MIR, GBY)
3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Forint-euro exchange rate (Forint/€)

Forint/

    360.00

    350.00

    340.00

    330.00

    320.00

    310.00

    300.00

63

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Malta

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.4

 1.8

 0.4

–0.3

 1.6

 1.1

 1.1

–2.3

–1.0

–2.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 6.2

 4.5

 4.1

 1.9

 2.7

 3.9

 3.4

 4.6

 1.6

 0.7

–2.4

–2.2

–0.9

–18.5

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–4.9

–11.6

–1.6

 19.9

–21.9

Q/Q-4 %

 29.3

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

m euro

–80.7

–191.5

–61.6

–172.7

–77.5

–34.4

–197.6

–22.1

–79.5

–9.2

m euro

–80.7

–5.2

–57.0

–177.8

–75.2

–20.2

–186.9

–21.3

–76.8

–9.7

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 127.9

 394.4

 437.0

 345.3

 200.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.3

 1.8

–0.2

 1.0

 0.8

 1.9

 0.1

 0.9

–1.1

 1.6

–0.1

 0.9

–1.4

 1.4

–0.1

 0.9

–3.0

–0.2

 1.3

 0.0

 0.8

 1.3

 0.0

 0.9

–1.4

 1.4

 1.0

 1.3

 0.6

 1.1

 0.2

 1.5

 1.0

 1.2

 0.1

 1.1

 2.9

 1.1

 0.5

 1.4

 1.2

 0.9

 0.0

 1.5

 1.4

 1.0

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.3

 8.6

 2.6

 3.3

 8.7

 2.5

 3.3

 9.0

 2.5

 3.3

 9.1

 2.5

 3.3

 9.6

 2.5

 3.3

 9.4

 2.4

 3.4

 10.4

 2.5

 3.4

 10.4

 2.5

 3.4

 10.1

 2.6

 4.1

 12.2

 3.0

 4.2

 11.9

 3.2

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–0.9

–0.3

 1.5

–0.2

 0.5

Q/Q-4 % (³)

–0.8

 0.1

 2.9

 0.1

 1.7

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.1

 1.7

 1.3

 1.7

 1.3

Q/Q-4 %

 6.4

 5.8

 5.0

 5.9

 6.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.1

 1.1

–

–

 0.4

 5.1

 4.2

 6.6

–

–

 0.2

 5.1

–2.7

 4.3

–

–

 1.1

 8.1

 0.0

 1.9

–

–

–0.3

 4.5

 0.4

–2.4

–

–

 0.3

 3.8

 3.3

 10.2

–

–

 1.0

 4.8

 2.4

 13.0

–

–

 0.0

 4.6

–1.3

 13.2

–

–

 1.3

 8.1

–6.1

 6.8

–

–

–1.3

–0.3

–3.8

–3.1

–

–

–24.3

–24.0

:

:

–

–

 11.4

–10.9

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–1.4

 1.5

 1.4

 0.5

 46.3

 45.7

 43.4

 43.1

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 103.1

 99.7

 101.7

 104.0

 104.0

 91.0

 99.9

 93.9

 87.5

 52.1

 56.6

 56.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.52

 0.21

 0.19

 0.26

 0.37

 0.40

 0.38

 0.26

 0.40

 0.57

 0.70

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

64

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Malta

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 6

 4

 2

 0

2

4

6

8

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 25.0
 20.0
 15.0
 10.0
 5.0
 0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 
30.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

0.5 

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   4.0
   3.0
   2.0
   1.0
   0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 500
 400
 300
 200
 100
 0
100
200
300

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.8

0.4

0.0

0.4  

0.8  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

65

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Netherlands

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.4

 1.9

 0.4

 0.6

 1.1

 0.3

 0.2

–0.4

 0.5

 0.7

 1.3

–1.5

–2.6

 0.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.7

 1.1

Q/Q-4 %

 3.8

 1.5

 1.4

 4.4

 1.6

 1.4

 6.0

 1.7

 1.9

 4.0

–0.4

–1.1

 2.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–8630.3 –7219.9 –7399.6 –7232.5 –8244.4

–7011.0

–7905.3 –5307.4 –5986.1 –6045.4

m euro

–10809.7 –9355.1 –9467.2 –9289.4 –10322.8 –9316.6

–9905.6 –7445.5 –8200.8 –8223.7

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 22551.0  13585.0  21279.0  23184.0  23106.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.9

 2.6

–0.4

 0.3

 0.6

 3.1

–0.3

–0.3

–1.1

 2.7

 0.1

–1.0

 0.6

 2.8

 0.9

–0.8

–0.8

 2.6

 0.5

 0.9

 0.2

 2.8

 0.8

 3.4

–1.3

 1.7

 0.2

 1.4

 0.9

 1.3

–0.8

 0.7

 0.3

 1.1

–2.9

–2.3

 1.0

 1.0

–2.5

–5.3

–0.2

 1.1

–0.9

–6.4

 0.5

 1.7

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.4

 6.7

 2.7

 3.5

 6.9

 2.8

 3.5

 7.2

 2.8

 3.5

 7.3

 2.7

 3.5

 7.3

 2.7

 3.2

 6.7

 2.6

 3.0

 6.4

 2.4

 2.9

 6.3

 2.3

 2.9

 6.3

 2.3

 3.4

 8.4

 2.5

 3.6

 9.5

 2.5

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.5

 0.3

 1.2

 0.9

 2.6

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.2

 2.4

 2.8

 3.1

 5.1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.3

 0.2

 0.4

 0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 2.4

 2.1

 1.2

 1.9

 1.0

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.1

 0.0

 1.0

 4.3

–0.1

 1.4

 0.3

–1.0

–0.2

 4.4

–0.6

 0.8

 1.2

 1.3

 1.0

 5.8

 1.2

 2.6

–0.3

 0.5

–1.1

 1.3

–0.3

 1.7

–1.1

–1.7

–0.2

 0.3

 0.5

 0.9

–1.6

–1.5

–0.3

–1.2

 0.7

 3.8

 2.7

–1.1

 1.8

 5.9

–1.1

 1.9

–1.0

–0.4

–2.5

–3.9

 1.4

 3.0

–1.0

–1.9

 1.6

 1.7

–1.4

 0.1

–7.0

–8.7

–0.9

–1.7

–5.6

–5.3

:

:

:

:

 8.9

 3.9

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 5.4

 0.4

–0.2

 1.5

 50.8

 50.9

 49.2

 48.6

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 104.7

 104.6

 101.7

 101.9

 100.9

 100.5

 100.2

 102.2

 98.2

 65.6

 69.1

 77.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.21

–0.50

–0.43

–0.31

–0.19

–0.14

–0.17

–0.34

–0.33

–0.22

–0.31

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

66

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Netherlands

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 4

 2

 0

2

4

6

8

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    10.0
    8.0
    6.0
    4.0
    2.0
    0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.0

    2.5

    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
 0
5 000
10 000
15 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.36

    1.12

    0.88

    0.64

    0.40

67

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Austria

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 0.6

 1.3

–0.1

 0.3

 0.0

 0.2

–0.2

–1.7

 0.0

 0.2

 1.1

–2.6

–3.3

–1.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.1

 1.1

Q/Q-4 %

 5.5

 1.8

 1.1

 3.0

 1.5

 1.6

 2.2

 0.7

 1.3

 0.4

–2.6

–2.6

–2.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

 765.9

 1407.0

 1123.9

 1687.1

 1436.5

 1523.4

 1341.0

 1589.7

 998.1

 549.9

m euro

 510.2

 1147.2

 880.5

 1413.6

 1198.6

 1312.4

 1125.5

 1381.1

 605.9

 309.6

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 4947.0

–819.0

 1390.0

 4941.0

 5093.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.8

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 1.4

 0.1

M/M-12 %

–0.3

 0.1

 1.5

–0.4

–1.1

 1.0

 1.2

 0.0

–1.5

 0.3

 1.0

 0.0

–2.1

 0.2

 1.2

 0.3

–1.5

 0.7

 1.8

 0.0

–0.5

–0.7

 2.2

 0.3

–0.5

 0.0

 2.2

–0.8

–1.3

 0.5

 1.6

–1.0

–2.0

 0.2

 1.5

–1.0

–3.0

–0.9

 0.6

–0.7

–3.5

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.5

 9.7

 3.8

 4.5

 9.7

 3.8

 4.5

 9.0

 3.9

 4.3

 8.6

 3.8

 4.2

 8.9

 3.7

 4.2

 9.2

 3.6

 4.4

 9.9

 3.7

 4.5

 10.5

 3.8

 4.7

 10.9

 3.9

 5.2

 11.5

 4.4

 5.4

 11.8

 4.6

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–1.0

 2.9

–0.3

 0.7

 5.0

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 0.3

 3.6

 1.9

 2.3

 8.6

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.1

 0.2

 0.4

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 1.6

 1.2

 1.0

 0.9

 0.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.7

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.0

 2.0

 6.2

 1.2

 3.7

–1.2

–1.1

–2.2

 5.1

–1.4

 0.3

 1.4

 0.1

–0.4

 2.1

 0.3

 2.1

–1.1

–3.1

 2.6

 4.0

 0.0

 0.7

–1.9

–4.6

 0.2

 6.6

 0.8

 2.0

 0.1

–5.0

–1.4

 1.6

–0.5

 0.7

 5.1

–0.5

 4.1

 11.4

–0.2

 1.5

–3.3

–5.5

 0.1

 9.2

 1.6

 2.4

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–1.4

 2.3

 1.7

 0.3

 72.7

 71.8

 71.1

 70.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

–6.5

–16.0

–10.9

–23.0

–14.3

–19.4

–10.2

–5.8

–13.3

–10.5

–4.9

 23.3

–16.7

 4.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 102.4

 102.3

 103.2

 100.7

 98.8

 99.7

 101.8

 103.2

 95.0

 61.9

 68.8

 77.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.10

–0.37

–0.30

–0.20

–0.09

–0.04

–0.09

–0.26

–0.09

 0.05

–0.10

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator: 
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

68

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Austria

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

20

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 
4.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    30.0
    25.0
    20.0
    15.0
    10.0
    5.0
    0.0
5.0 
10.0 
15.0 
20.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    6.0

    5.0

    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

69

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Poland

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.4

 0.5

 3.8

 0.7

 1.1

 0.6

 1.2

 0.9

–0.1

 0.2

 0.9

 1.2

–0.4

–2.1

–0.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 4.8

 4.0

Q/Q-4 %

 10.2

 4.2

 4.0

 9.6

 4.1

 3.9

 4.5

 3.5

 3.5

 5.6

 1.7

 0.8

 1.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–1582.4 –1399.9 –1272.3 –1460.1 –1450.6 –1076.3

–1368.0 –882.2

–884.1 –1344.2

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 1417.6

–377.1

–783.6

 1924.4

 4489.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.0

 2.5

 0.1

 1.1

–0.1

 2.6

 0.2

 1.0

 0.1

 2.4

 0.3

 0.8

 0.3

 2.3

–0.4

 0.1

 0.1

 2.4

 0.0

 0.5

 0.6

 3.0

 0.0

 1.6

 0.7

 3.8

 0.5

 1.7

 0.6

 4.1

–0.6

 0.6

 0.2

 3.9

–0.8

–0.5

 0.0

 2.9

–1.1

–2.3

 0.8

 3.4

 0.0

–2.5

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.2

 10.2

 2.6

 3.1

 9.7

 2.6

 3.1

 9.0

 2.6

 3.0

 8.4

 2.5

 2.9

 8.0

 2.5

 2.9

 7.8

 2.5

 3.0

 9.0

 2.6

 3.0

 9.7

 2.5

 2.9

 9.3

 2.4

 2.9

 9.2

 2.4

 3.0

 9.1

 2.5

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.6

 2.6

 1.4

 1.2

 3.1

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 5.7

 7.2

 6.7

 5.9

 9.0

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.6

–0.1

–0.3

 0.9

Q/Q-4 %

–0.1

–0.4

–0.1

 0.5

 1.1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.8

 3.3

–0.4

 4.4

–0.7

 4.8

–1.3

 0.7

 1.8

 4.8

–0.3

 4.7

 1.3

 3.1

 0.5

 5.3

–0.4

 3.8

 1.2

 3.6

–5.5

–4.1

 1.2

 4.5

 1.5

 5.6

 3.1

–1.1

 2.4

 5.9

–3.0

 1.3

–3.0

–5.4

–2.0

 4.1

 3.0

 3.4

 8.9

 8.6

 3.3

 8.3

 1.1

 3.4

 3.1

 7.2

 0.6

 7.0

–7.4

–4.9

–4.0

 1.5

–7.1

–0.4

–21.1

 12.5

–25.1

–15.3

–2.1

–0.8

–7.7

–9.9

–3.1

–3.0

 10.1

 1.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 2.8

–0.5

 0.0

–4.5

 49.2

 48.1

 47.5

 46.1

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 105.3

 105.1

 105.0

 103.3

 103.9

 102.5

 100.6

 99.2

 95.3

 47.2

 46.9

 57.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

New Polish Zloty exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 1.72

 1.72

 1.72

 1.72

 1.71

 1.70

 1.71

 1.71

 1.45

 0.83

 0.66

 2.13

 1.93

 2.02

 1.96

 2.05

 2.03

 2.23

 2.07

 1.80

 1.46

 1.35

:

:

average

 4.26

 4.35

 4.35

 4.30

 4.29

 4.27

 4.25

 4.28

 4.44

 4.54

 4.53

 4.45

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

70

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Poland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 15
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Index
(ESI)
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

Growth rate
(RT)
    12.0
    10.0
    8.0
    6.0
    4.0
    2.0
    0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.6
    2.2
    1.8
    1.5
    1.1
    0.8
    0.4
    0.0
0.3 
0.7 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

2 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Polish Zloty/

    4.60

    4.50

    4.40

    4.30

    4.20

    4.10

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Polish Zloty-euro exchange rate (Polish Zloty/€)

71

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Portugal

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 0.0

 4.9

 0.5

 0.1

 0.3

 1.6

 0.7

 0.1

–3.8

–2.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.4

 2.5

–0.4

–0.8

–0.8

 1.9

Q/Q-4 %

 10.8

 2.1

 1.9

 7.4

 1.9

 2.6

 5.6

 2.2

 1.9

 2.8

–2.3

–1.0

–0.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–473.7

–203.0

–429.5

–257.6

–410.9

–230.5

–567.6

–531.4

–343.7

–242.5

m euro

–409.7

–145.4

–345.4

–208.8

–385.6

–175.3

–473.6

–454.3

–294.1

–214.3

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–706.0 –1601.0

 2315.0

–189.0

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–1.7

–0.7

 0.1

–1.0

–0.1

–0.1

–0.6

–1.7

 1.4

–0.3

–0.3

–2.4

–0.4

–0.1

 0.3

–2.4

–0.7

 0.2

–0.9

–2.3

–0.3

 0.4

–0.9

–2.1

–0.8

 0.8

 1.9

–1.2

–0.6

 0.5

–1.4

–2.1

 1.6

 0.1

–1.1

–3.0

 0.8

–0.1

–2.3

–5.7

–0.2

–0.6

–0.7

–6.4

 1.3

 0.3

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.5

 19.6

 5.5

 6.4

 18.1

 5.5

 6.5

 18.8

 5.6

 6.5

 17.7

 5.6

 6.7

 18.6

 5.7

 6.7

 18.7

 5.8

 6.8

 19.5

 5.8

 6.4

 18.9

 5.5

 6.2

 6.3

 18.3

 20.6

 5.3

 5.3

 5.5

 19.5

 4.5

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–1.5

 1.1

 1.5

 0.2

 0.7

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 1.7

 0.0

 4.4

 0.7

 6.5

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

–0.3

 0.3

 0.0

–0.5

Q/Q-4 %

 1.5

 0.7

 0.7

 0.2

–0.5

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 5.7

–1.0

 1.1

 3.5

 1.0

 5.0

–2.7

–4.9

 0.5

 3.0

 0.7

 4.4

–2.6

–5.1

–1.0

 1.7

–2.7

 3.3

 3.5

–2.0

 0.2

 1.9

 2.8

 3.5

–1.1

 0.1

–0.2

 1.9

 1.5

 4.7

 3.2

 3.8

–0.6

 0.8

–1.3

 2.7

 0.6

 2.7

–0.9

–0.4

 2.3

 4.4

–2.8

 1.2

 1.8

 1.0

 3.7

 9.6

–8.5

–7.6

–4.3

–4.2

–12.6

–5.2

–19.3

 2.3

–28.0

–26.1

–7.2

–13.2

–17.4

–21.5

:

:

 13.1

–12.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 0.1

–2.0

 4.5

–1.9

 123.4

 120.8

 120.2

 117.7

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 107.3

 107.6

 107.0

 107.1

 108.2

 105.3

 106.9

 105.7

 98.4

 66.9

 63.0

 74.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.44

 0.17

 0.20

 0.19

 0.35

 0.41

 0.37

 0.25

 0.71

 0.97

 0.81

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

72

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Portugal

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10

 5

 0

5

10

15

20

25

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Growth rate
(RT)
    16.0
    12.0
    8.0
    4.0
    0.0
4.0 
8.0 
12.0 
16.0 
20.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.6
    1.4
    1.2
    1.0
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    0.0
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.5
   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
 500
 0
500
1 000
1 500

%
(MIR, GBY)

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2  
0.4  
0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

73

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Romania

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 1.5

 1.3

 4.4

 0.6

 0.2

 9.2

 0.5

 1.5

 4.4

 1.2

 3.8

–3.1

 0.3

–1.6

 1.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 5.1

 7.5

 4.3

 5.3

 3.3

 4.3

 3.9

 7.0

 2.7

 4.0

Q/Q-4 %

 4.6

 19.9

 24.4

 15.3

 12.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–605.4

–367.3

–307.3

–496.2

–362.0

–414.4

–521.8

–441.0

–195.1

–541.5

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–1121.9 –3255.7 –3560.5 –2249.2

–855.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.2

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 4.1

 0.9

 6.2

 0.0

 4.1

–0.4

 4.7

 0.1

 3.5

 0.0

 4.2

 0.4

 3.2

 0.4

 2.9

 0.2

 3.8

 0.4

 3.6

 0.4

 4.0

 0.5

 4.4

 0.7

 3.9

 1.6

 5.1

 0.0

 2.9

–1.1

 3.1

 0.4

 2.7

–1.1

 1.0

 0.3

 2.3

–1.6

–1.1

 0.0

 1.8

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.0

 17.5

 3.0

 3.8

 17.5

 2.9

 4.1

 17.5

 3.1

 3.9

 17.7

 2.9

 4.0

 17.7

 3.0

 4.0

 17.7

 3.0

 3.7

 17.4

 2.8

 4.3

 17.4

 3.0

 4.6

 17.4

 3.7

 4.8

:

 3.8

 5.2

:

 4.2

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 5.9

 2.3

 1.8

 1.8

 2.4

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 16.2

 12.4

 13.2

 12.0

 8.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.8

–0.9

 0.6

–0.1

Q/Q-4 %

 0.1

–0.2

–1.0

 0.8

 0.4

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

–1.8

–5.3

 3.8

M/M-12 % (³)

 39.0

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.4

 7.0

 0.5

–5.8

 1.4

 37.3

 0.4

 7.4

 0.5

–4.1

–2.9

 30.8

 0.9

 7.1

–1.9

–3.5

–1.8

 27.6

 0.9

 6.8

–0.1

–7.4

 1.7

 27.1

 1.0

 6.6

–0.2

–8.9

–1.8

 23.1

 0.8

 8.5

 2.5

–2.3

 22.4

 49.8

 3.7

 11.1

 1.4

–0.9

–3.7

 26.8

–0.9

 11.3

–12.4

–27.7

–13.6

–38.8

 4.2

 31.6

–3.4

 3.3

–0.9

 12.2

–21.9

–19.4

:

:

:

:

 20.1

–4.0

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–5.7

–3.2

–4.4

–4.2

 33.8

 33.8

 35.2

 35.2

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 103.8

 102.9

 102.9

 102.4

 104.2

 105.2

 105.4

 104.1

 99.6

 65.3

 68.5

 77.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

New Romanian leu exchange  
rate against the euro

%

%

 2.98

 2.91

 2.90

 2.89

 2.82

 2.96

 3.01

 2.92

 2.70

 2.36

 2.30

 4.51

 4.12

 4.12

 4.12

 4.32

 4.57

 4.28

 4.04

 4.56

 4.83

 4.54

:

:

average

 4.73

 4.73

 4.74

 4.75

 4.77

 4.78

 4.78

 4.78

 4.83

 4.84

 4.84

 4.84

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

74

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Romania

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 5

 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 6.0

 4.0

 2.0

 0.0

2.0 

4.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    23.0

    11.5

    0.0

11.5 

23.0 

34.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    6.8
    6.0
    5.1
    4.3
    3.5
    2.7
    1.8
    1.0
    0.2
0.7 
1.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Romanian Leu/

    4.86

    4.83

    4.80

    4.78

    4.75

    4.73

    4.70

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Romanian leu-euro exchange rate (Romanian Leu/€)

75

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Slovenia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 2.2

 3.6

 0.0

 0.8

 0.4

–4.5

–0.3

–0.5

–0.8

–4.0

–2.1

–1.7

–3.9

 1.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.5

 3.2

 9.8

 2.3

 3.6

 6.5

 2.1

 2.9

 2.1

 1.7

 0.7

–3.4

–5.5

–4.2

–6.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–66.3

 244.1

 34.9

–54.9

 53.0

–211.4

 206.3

 131.6

 183.5

 245.9

m euro

–395.8

–89.1

–267.1

–367.5

–255.9

–529.2

–97.5

–141.8

–133.4

–36.0

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 666.5

 848.6

 787.3

 848.2

 872.8

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.7

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 2.0

 0.1

 1.8

 0.4

 2.4

 0.3

 2.0

–0.1

 1.7

 0.0

 2.1

 0.1

 1.5

–0.4

 1.9

 0.0

 1.4

 0.1

 2.0

–0.1

 2.0

 0.1

 2.1

–0.5

 2.3

 0.1

 2.0

 0.4

 2.0

 0.3

 1.5

–0.6

 0.7

–0.8

 0.4

–1.3

–1.3

 0.3

 0.4

 0.7

–1.4

–0.3

–0.2

 0.9

–0.8

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 4.8

 8.2

 4.6

 4.9

 8.2

 4.6

 4.7

 8.2

 4.5

 4.4

 8.3

 4.1

 4.1

 8.3

 3.8

 3.8

 8.3

 3.5

 4.2

 10.3

 3.8

 4.2

 10.3

 3.7

 4.3

 10.3

 3.8

 4.8

:

 4.3

 4.8

:

 4.3

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 3.4

–0.1

 0.3

 2.9

 2.0

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 7.3

 5.0

 3.3

 6.7

 5.7

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.5

 0.3

 0.2

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

 2.9

 2.6

 2.3

 1.8

 1.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.9

 4.4

 0.0

M/M-12 % (³)

–0.3

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.4

 6.3

–2.1

 0.7

–3.6

–7.8

–0.9

 4.1

 0.5

 2.2

 0.0

–7.2

–0.4

 1.7

 1.5

 2.8

 5.0

–3.2

 0.7

–5.4

–0.9

 1.6

–1.3

–8.7

 0.2

–3.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–1.8

 0.6

–1.6

 2.9

–2.1

–5.7

 1.1

–2.9

 10.2

 7.0

 1.9

–1.0

 3.7

 3.7

 8.3

 6.5

–1.3

–4.6

–10.9

–14.8

–8.7

–22.9

–10.4

–2.1

–12.4

–7.1

–6.5

–8.6

:

:

:

:

 12.8

–14.5

–22.7

–10.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

–0.8

 0.8

 0.9

 1.2

 68.1

 67.7

 68.1

 66.1

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 105.9

 103.9

 104.6

 101.3

 99.7

 100.1

 100.9

 104.2

 94.0

 66.2

 74.5

 79.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.01

–0.06

–0.16

–0.09

–0.01

 0.02

 0.09

 0.04

 0.02

 0.27

 0.74

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

76

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Slovenia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 5

 0

5

10

15

20

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

5.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0
    12.0
    9.0
    6.0
    3.0
    0.0
3.0 
6.0 
9.0 
12.0 
15.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    3.5

    3.0

    2.5

    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5

   1.0

   0.5

   0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

1 000
 800
 600
 400
 200
 0
200
400
600

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.13

    1.12

    1.11

    1.10

    1.09

    1.08

    1.07

    1.06

77

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Slovakia

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (²)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.3

 4.2

 0.4

 0.7

–1.2

 0.4

 0.2

 1.5

 0.6

 0.5

 3.1

–5.2

 0.2

–7.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 3.2

 2.3

 3.5

 2.5

 2.7

 4.8

 1.9

 1.8

 11.2

 2.0

–3.8

 1.7

 7.7

 1.6

–4.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–373.4

–394.9

–415.5

–353.1

–455.7

–396.6

–490.0

–462.3

–262.0

–599.8

m euro

–16.2

–75.0

–135.6

–43.0

–115.2

–100.1

–24.0

–39.9

–128.9

–371.5

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–209.7

–664.6 –1246.6

–585.3

–859.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.1

 3.0

 0.0

 2.2

 0.2

 3.0

–0.1

 2.0

 0.1

 3.0

–0.2

 1.3

–0.1

 2.9

–0.1

 0.0

 0.2

 3.2

 0.1

 1.2

–0.1

 3.2

–0.1

 1.9

 1.3

 3.2

 1.0

 2.6

 0.1

 3.1

 2.2

 2.9

 0.0

 2.4

–0.4

 2.2

–0.1

 2.1

–1.0

 1.2

 0.3

 2.1

–1.7

–0.7

–0.1

 1.9

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 5.8

 16.7

 5.1

 5.8

 16.7

 5.0

 5.7

 16.9

 5.0

 5.7

 17.0

 4.9

 5.6

 16.5

 4.9

 5.6

 15.9

 4.9

 6.1

 16.9

 5.4

 6.1

 16.6

 5.4

 5.8

 15.7

 5.2

 6.4

 17.8

 5.7

 6.5

 17.8

 5.8

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 2.7

 3.3

–0.1

 2.0

 4.2

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 8.8

 10.8

 7.6

 7.9

 9.8

Employment (²)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.2

 0.0

–0.1

–0.5

Q/Q-4 %

 1.8

 1.4

 1.0

 0.7

–0.5

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.5

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 2.6

–1.8

–7.5

–0.4

–0.8

–2.8

–8.3

 1.2

–6.5

–1.4

–3.0

 1.3

–2.1

 5.7

 2.1

 0.1

–2.7

 0.0

–3.7

–2.7

–2.4

 0.5

–3.3

 0.2

–4.0

–7.1

–10.6

–0.4

–4.0

–1.5

–6.9

 3.1

–5.9

–0.9

–2.5

 4.6

 0.4

 4.3

 7.9

 1.6

–1.0

–0.8

–1.7

 0.6

 7.5

 1.0

 3.9

–20.3

–26.7

–19.6

–42.0

–3.2

–2.5

–5.3

–3.6

–10.0

–14.8

–8.9

–14.3

:

:

:

:

 5.6

–9.0

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–0.4

–0.3

–0.9

–3.4

 49.3

 48.6

 48.4

 48.0

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 93.1

 97.1

 99.4

 94.3

 100.5

 96.2

 98.9

 97.2

 96.7

 55.1

 59.0

 71.6

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

 0.02

–0.34

–0.34

–0.20

 0.09

 0.13

 0.13

 0.00

 0.04

 0.69

 0.56

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

78

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Slovakia

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 10
 5
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0

 2.0

 0.0

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    9.0

    6.0

    3.0

    0.0

3.0 

6.0 

9.0 

12.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
6.6
6.4
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    5.0

    4.0

    3.0

    2.0

    1.0

    0.0

1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.5
   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.13

    1.12

    1.11

    1.10

    1.09

    1.08

    1.07

    1.06

79

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Finland

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Reference period

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.2

 0.8

 0.4

 0.3

 1.0

–0.3

–1.9

–1.0

–0.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.6

 0.5

 1.1

 1.5

 0.2

 0.4

 1.6

 2.2

 0.9

 0.6

–1.1

–0.1

–2.0

–3.4

–2.1

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–1.5

–0.1

–2.3

 0.5

–0.2

External trade balance  
(extra euro area) (¹)

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

m euro

 117.8

 241.0

 287.5

 337.5

 239.5

 100.7

 132.1

 26.0

 329.8

 526.2

m euro

 710.0

 760.7

 811.4

 816.5

 783.5

 557.1

 577.5

 590.4

 803.6

 884.8

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 62.0 –3837.0

 817.0

 1856.0 –1624.0

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

–0.3

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 1.0

 1.4

 0.3

 0.4

 1.2

–0.4

–0.5

 0.0

 1.0

 0.2

–0.1

 0.1

 0.9

–0.1

–0.5

–0.1

 0.8

–0.2

–1.0

 0.2

 1.1

–0.7

–1.3

–0.4

 1.2

–1.0

–2.2

 0.5

 1.1

–1.2

–3.6

–0.2

 0.9

–2.2

–5.5

–0.4

–0.3

–1.4

–6.7

–0.1

–0.1

–0.2

–6.8

 0.2

 0.1

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 6.8

 17.5

 5.4

 6.8

 17.7

 5.4

 6.8

 17.8

 5.4

 6.8

 17.8

 5.3

 6.8

 17.8

 5.3

 6.7

 17.9

 5.2

 6.7

 18.1

 5.2

 6.7

 18.4

 5.2

 6.8

 18.7

 5.3

 6.9

 18.9

 5.4

 7.0

 19.1

 5.5

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.8

 0.1

–0.5

 1.1

 0.0

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.4

 1.4

 0.4

 1.6

 0.7

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.6

–0.3

 0.6

 0.1

Q/Q-4 %

 2.0

 1.7

 1.6

 1.3

 0.9

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.8

 4.5

 0.7

–0.8

–0.5

 2.5

 0.3

 4.1

 0.4

–1.8

 0.7

 3.6

–0.6

–0.6

 1.2

 0.2

–0.2

 1.0

 4.4

 1.5

 0.4

 0.0

–0.9

 3.5

 0.2

 1.5

 0.3

–0.8

–0.3

 1.4

–0.1

–0.1

–0.4

–5.8

–0.6

 0.1

–1.5

–2.7

 2.3

 4.3

 1.1

 2.6

 0.5

–1.0

 0.5

 5.2

 1.4

 4.0

 2.2

 3.4

 0.9

 5.4

–1.5

 1.2

–2.2

–3.1

–1.3

 0.8

–0.5

–0.7

:

:

:

:

 2.7

 4.6

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–0.5

 2.4

–4.2

–2.3

 59.5

 61.5

 60.2

 59.4

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 97.1

 98.3

 98.2

 94.4

 96.4

 96.0

 94.6

 93.4

 90.4

 68.7

 72.6

 76.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

%

%

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.36

–0.41

–0.42

–0.41

–0.40

–0.39

–0.39

–0.41

–0.42

–0.25

–0.27

–0.38

–0.09

–0.35

–0.30

–0.21

–0.08

–0.04

–0.07

–0.24

–0.12

 0.03

–0.12

:

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment 

Indicator.

Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

80

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Finland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 3

 2

 1

 0

1

2

3

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC, I)
 1.5
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

Growth rate
(RT)
    3.0
    2.5
    2.0
    1.5
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
7.1
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.4
    1.2
    1.0
    0.7
    0.5
    0.2
0.0 
0.3 
0.5 
0.8 
1.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

3 000

2 000

1 000

 0

1 000

2 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.1  
0.2  
0.2  
0.3  
0.3  
0.4  
0.4  
0.5  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60
    1.48
    1.36
    1.24
    1.12
    1.00
    0.88
    0.76
    0.64
    0.52
    0.40

81

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 3 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Sweden

Indicators

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Reference period

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.2

 0.3

 0.1

 0.9

 0.2

 0.1

 0.8

 0.0

 0.4

 0.4

 0.1

–1.7

–0.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.7

 0.6

 1.0

 1.0

Q/Q-4 %

–2.4

–1.9

 1.7

 1.7

 0.1

 0.5

 1.7

 0.4

–0.3

–0.7

–0.5

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–1.1

–0.8

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (¹)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

m euro

 1872.4

 1490.3

 1664.8

 1521.4

 1841.6

 1576.9

 2031.1

 1860.9

 1882.5

 1778.8

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 5892.2

 3262.6

 6731.4

 4052.5

 7559.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.5

 1.5

 1.2

 2.0

–0.5

 1.3

–0.2

 1.6

 0.5

 1.3

–0.3

 0.7

 0.1

 1.6

 0.3

 0.7

 0.1

 1.8

 0.9

 0.8

 0.4

 1.7

 0.1

 0.9

–1.3

 1.5

–0.5

–0.5

 0.4

 1.3

–0.7

–1.1

–0.2

 0.8

–1.2

–2.5

–0.4

–0.2

–1.9

–3.6

 0.6

 0.1

–0.5

–3.7

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate 

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 7.1

 19.9

 5.4

 7.1

 19.9

 5.4

 6.7

 19.9

 5.0

 6.7

 19.6

 5.0

 7.3

 20.1

 5.6

 6.6

 19.7

 5.0

 7.2

 20.5

 5.5

 7.6

 20.1

 5.9

 6.8

 19.6

 5.3

 7.9

 25.1

 5.8

 8.5

 25.9

 6.3

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.6

 1.1

 0.3

 0.7

 0.8

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 2.7

 2.8

 2.8

 2.7

 2.9

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.0

 0.1

 0.2

 0.1

–0.5

Q/Q-4 %

 0.7

 0.5

 0.6

 0.5

–0.1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

 0.5

 4.4

–1.6

 2.1

 0.2

 3.2

 0.7

 4.2

 1.3

 5.0

 0.8

 2.0

–1.0

 1.8

–0.6

 2.6

–0.4

 2.0

–0.9

–1.3

 3.8

 8.1

 0.1

 2.3

 1.4

 1.4

 2.9

 9.5

 0.7

 1.0

–1.3

–1.3

 0.4

 7.8

–1.3

 1.9

 1.3

 0.1

–9.6

–4.0

 1.2

 2.7

–0.1

 0.1

 4.0

–3.7

 0.5

 3.0

 0.0

 1.2

 0.8

–3.4

–2.0

–0.2

–14.9

–14.2

–0.3

–1.6

–0.1

–3.6

–0.5

–15.0

:

:

 0.6

 0.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–0.8

 4.3

 0.1

–1.7

 36.6

 35.7

 35.2

 35.1

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 98.6

 96.7

 94.5

 95.8

 95.0

 94.5

 96.7

 99.0

 93.5

 67.7

 69.6

 78.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Swedish Krona exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.05

–0.02

–0.02

–0.07

 0.05

 0.06

 0.20

 0.16

 0.23

 0.32

 0.19

 0.10

–0.12

–0.36

–0.23

–0.16

 0.00

 0.07

 0.11

–0.05

–0.17

–0.07

–0.06

:

%

%

average

 10.56

 10.74

 10.70

 10.80

 10.65

 10.48

 10.55

 10.57

 10.88

 10.88

 10.60

 10.49

(*)  The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list  (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

82

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for EU countries

3

Sweden

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 4
 2
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.0

 0.5

 0.0

0.5 

1.0 

1.5 

2.0 

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate
(RT)
    1.8

    1.2

    0.6

    0.0

0.6 

1.2 

1.8 

2.4 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
 0

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  

Swedish Krona/

    11.00
    10.90
    10.80
    10.70
    10.60
    10.50
    10.40
    10.30
    10.20

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Swedish krona-euro exchange rate (Swedish Krona/€)

83

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4 5.  Principal European 

Economic Indicators (PEEIs) 
for non-EU countries

85

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for United Kingdom

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.7

 0.2

 1.2

–0.1

 0.3

–0.6

 0.5

 0.2

 0.6

 0.0

–0.1

–1.4

–2.2

–2.9

–1.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 2.0

 1.3

 1.2

 1.4

 1.1

 0.8

 1.3

 0.8

 1.0

 1.1

–1.7

 0.6

–2.5

–0.3

–2.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(extra EU-27) (²)(3)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)

m euro

–12243.8 –12061.4 –12833.2 –14387.3 –11444.2 –10058.9

–11237.4 –11392.9 –12304.3

–8323.8

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–40154.3 –22329.3 –31289.6 –7013.4

–23327.3

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.0

 2.1

 0.5

 1.5

 0.4

 1.7

–0.3

 0.6

 0.1

 1.7

–0.2

–0.7

–0.2

 1.5

–0.3

–1.9

 0.2

 1.5

 0.0

 0.0

 0.0

 1.3

 0.4

 2.2

–0.3

 1.8

 0.2

 2.3

 0.4

 1.7

–1.6

–0.2

 0.0

 1.5

–3.1

–3.5

–0.2

 0.8

–3.1

–7.7

:

:

–0.7

–8.7

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate 

total (²)

age <25 year (²)

age ≥25 year (²)

%

%

%

 3.8

 11.8

 2.7

 3.8

 11.9

 2.7

 3.7

 11.4

 2.7

 3.7

 11.0

 2.7

 3.7

 10.9

 2.6

 3.7

 11.2

 2.7

 3.9

 11.4

 2.8

 3.9

 11.5

 2.8

 3.8

 11.8

 2.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

–0.9

 1.7

 0.7

 1.1

 2.1

Q/Q-4 % (³)

 1.9

 3.7

 3.8

 2.7

 5.6

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.3

 0.4

–0.2

 0.6

 0.6

Q/Q-4 %

 1.1

 1.3

 0.9

 1.0

 1.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁴)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁴)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁴)

–0.1

–1.2

 1.3

 3.0

 0.1

 3.3

–0.6

–2.0

–0.1

 0.5

–0.6

 2.4

 0.0

–1.4

 1.3

 3.5

–0.6

 2.5

 0.2

–1.0

–2.4

–0.7

–0.2

 2.7

–1.1

–2.1

 2.3

 0.0

–1.9

–0.9

–0.1

–2.4

–0.2

 5.7

 0.5

 2.8

–0.2

–3.3

 0.2

 1.1

 0.4

 2.5

–0.1

–4.2

–2.2

–1.1

–0.5

 1.7

–4.2

–8.6

–5.8

–5.3

–3.6

–4.3

–20.3

–24.5

–40.1

–44.9

:

:

:

:

–17.0

 11.1

–22.7

–12.4

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 1.8

–4.2

–2.5

–3.4

 84.1

 84.7

 84.1

 85.4

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator (²)

index

 93.6

 91.9

 87.2

 88.9

 89.7

 87.3

 90.7

 95.5

 92.0

 62.4

 61.7

 65.2

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields

Pound Sterling exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02

2020M03

2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

 0.77

 0.76

 0.77

 0.78

 0.79

 0.79

 0.74

 0.75

 0.53

 0.64

 0.33

 0.19

 0.73

 0.49

 0.58

 0.61

 0.73

 0.78

 0.67

 0.57

 0.41

 0.31

 0.22

:

%

%

average

 0.90

 0.92

 0.89

 0.88

 0.86

 0.85

 0.85

 0.84

 0.89

 0.88

 0.89

 0.90

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted data
(2) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(3) Data in national currency has been converted into euro via Eurostat monthly data for the Euro/ECU exchange rates.
(4) ca: calendar adjusted data, not seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
ECB
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

86

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

United Kingdom

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 5

 0

5

10

15

20

25

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Figure 2: Demand

Index
(ESI)
110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.0
 0.5
 0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

Growth rate
(RT)
    15.0

    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    2.3
    2.0
    1.8
    1.5
    1.3
    1.0
    0.8
    0.5
    0.3
    0.0
0.3 
0.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

Pound Sterling/

    1.60

    1.43

    1.26

    1.08

    0.91

    0.74

    0.57

    0.40

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Pound sterling-euro exchange rate (Pound Sterling/€)

87

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Norway

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.0

 0.7

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.9

 0.2

 0.2

 3.1

 0.0

 0.4

 2.8

 1.5

–1.5

–0.4

–3.6

–0.1

–5.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 1.2

 2.4

 7.0

 1.2

 1.2

 5.2

 0.5

 1.9

 7.7

 1.8

 0.8

 4.9

 0.2

–3.5

 0.5

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world)(2)(3)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world)(2)(3)

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

m euro

 788.7

 815.9

 661.7

 1084.6

 2106.9

 1643.7

 1180.5

 1168.4

 293.1

 93.4

 59.7

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 4353.1  3668.5

 2971.1

 3774.7

 4335.9

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.6

 1.8

 0.7

 1.0

–0.7

 1.5

–0.3

 0.4

 0.5

 1.5

 0.0

–0.5

 0.1

 1.7

 0.9

 0.8

 0.4

 1.5

 1.0

 2.0

–0.4

 1.2

 0.8

 3.1

–0.1

 1.7

–0.9

 1.7

–0.1

 0.7

–0.9

 0.2

–0.1

 0.5

–3.0

–2.4

 0.5

 0.6

–0.4

–3.6

 0.2

 1.1

 0.0

–3.6

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate 

total (⁴)

age <25 year (⁴)

age ≥25 year (⁴)

%

%

%

 3.8

 10.1

 2.9

 3.7

 9.7

 2.8

 3.9

 10.1

 2.9

 3.8

 10.0

 2.9

 3.9

 10.3

 3.0

 3.9

 10.1

 2.9

 3.7

 10.3

 2.7

 3.5

 10.1

 2.5

 3.6

 10.0

 2.6

 4.1

 10.4

 3.2

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index (2)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 1.1

 0.6

 0.9

 0.8

 0.6

Q/Q-4 %

 3.3

 3.1

 3.6

 3.5

 2.8

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.5

 0.4

 0.2

 0.1

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

 1.8

 1.8

 1.6

 1.2

 0.8

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

 1.2

M/M-12 % (⁶)

–5.8

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁶)

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (⁶)

–

–

 0.8

 0.8

–1.9

–9.3

–

–

 0.0

 0.4

 0.5

–8.0

–

–

 0.1

 0.8

 3.2

–5.7

–

–

–0.9

–0.2

 2.6

–0.9

–

–

 1.1

 0.7

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 1.3

 1.3

–

–

–2.3

–0.7

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 8.8

 10.8

 3.4

 2.6

 36.3

 35.6

 35.4

 40.6

:

:

–2.5

 0.4

–

–

 0.6

–1.7

 2.5

 5.2

–

–

 1.9

 2.0

 1.4

 7.5

–

–

–1.1

 1.0

–0.8

 5.5

–

–

 4.8

 3.6

:

:

–

–

 2.8

 7.8

:

:

–

–

:

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate (2)

Long term government  
bond yields (2)

Norwegian Krone exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

 1.57

 1.61

 1.70

 1.81

 1.85

 1.85

 1.83

 1.75

 1.39

 0.76

 0.30

 0.34

 1.44

 1.15

 1.21

 1.26

 1.45

 1.47

 1.39

 1.35

 0.93

 0.70

 0.47

 0.65

%

%

average

 9.66

 9.97

 9.92

 10.12

 10.11

 10.04

 9.94

 10.13

 11.29

 11.34

 10.99

 10.73

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
Current account  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted
(2) Source: OECD MEI
(3) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(4) sa: seasonally adjusted data
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

Source:
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only 
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

88

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 4.0
 3.0
 2.0
 1.0
 0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

Growth rate
(RT)

    5.0
    4.0
    3.0
    2.0
    1.0
    0.0
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 

Norway

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 4

 3

 2

 1

 0

1

2

3

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.5

4.5

3.5

2.5

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    1.5

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

5 000
4 500
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
 500
 0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Norvegian Krone/

    11.50
    11.30
    11.10
    10.90
    10.70
    10.50
    10.30
    10.10
    9.90
    9.70
    9.50

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Norwegian krone-euro exchange rate (Norwegian Krone/€)

89

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Switzerland

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.4

 0.5

 1.5

 0.4

 0.3

–0.4

 0.4

 0.3

 0.4

 0.3

 0.3

 2.0

–2.6

–3.5

–2.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.9

 1.0

 0.2

 1.2

Q/Q-4 %

–0.2

–0.7

 1.2

 1.4

 1.3

 1.5

 1.4

–1.4

–2.6

 3.6

–0.7

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world) (²)(³)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world) (⁴)

m euro

 2593.4

 2204.1

 3547.5

 2859.0

 3032.2

 2629.0

 4107.1

 3332.4

 3971.0

 4301.0

 2452.0

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 19155.4 17825.5 16868.5 18626.4 16983.4

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Inflation (Harmonised Index  
of Consumer Prices - all items)

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

 0.0

 0.4

 0.2

 0.6

 0.1

 0.5

–0.1

 0.5

–0.4

 0.1

 0.0

 0.4

–0.2

–0.3

 0.0

–0.1

–0.4

–0.3

–0.1

–0.4

 0.2

–0.1

 0.1

 0.0

–0.4

 0.2

 0.0

 0.5

–0.1

–0.2

–0.5

–0.2

 0.1

–0.4

–0.2

–0.6

 0.1

–1.0

–0.5

–1.2

–0.2

–1.0

–0.1

–1.5

:

:

:

:

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate (6)

total

age <25 year

age ≥25 year

%

%

%

 4.5

 4.7

 4.5

 3.9

 3.8

 4.0

 4.4

 4.4

 4.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index (³)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.1

 0.3

–0.1

 0.5

 0.3

Q/Q-4 %

 0.7

 1.5

 0.8

 0.8

 1.0

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (¹)(⁵)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.1

 0.5

 0.0

 0.3

 0.4

Q/Q-4 %

 0.8

 1.1

 0.3

 0.9

 1.1

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.8

M/M-12 % (3)

 7.1

M/M-1 % (¹)

M/M-12 % (³)

–

–

–1.0

 5.7

–

–

 1.7

 10.3

–

–

–0.5

 3.8

–

–

–0.5

 2.0

–

–

M/M-1 % (¹)

–0.3

–0.9

–0.2

 0.8

 0.7

M/M-12 % (³)

 1.3
2019Q1

–0.4
2019Q2

 1.6
2019Q3

 0.3
2019Q4

 1.2
2020Q1

–5.0

–1.5

–

–

–0.4

 1.0

 6.3

 3.1

–

–

–0.6

 0.2

–2.0

 0.1

–

–

 0.7

 1.0

–2.0

–1.9

–

–

–6.6

–5.6

:

:

–

–

:

:

–

–

–13.6

–18.8

 30.7

 6.6

:

:

–

–

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt

%

%

 1.4

 1.4

 1.4

 1.4

–

–

–

–

:

–

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate (2)

Long term government  
bond yields (2)

Swiss Franc exchange  
rate against the euro

2019M07 2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.77

–0.86

–0.76

–0.76

–0.72

–0.69

–0.69

–0.74

–0.66

–0.58

–0.65

–0.68

–0.65

–0.98

–0.70

–0.51

–0.58

–0.46

–0.70

–0.83

–0.37

–0.49

–0.47

–0.44

%

%

average

 1.11

 1.09

 1.09

 1.10

 1.10

 1.09

 1.08

 1.06

 1.06

 1.05

 1.06

 1.07

Source:
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only 
ECB
ECB
European Commission's DG for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
Current account  
Long term government bond yields  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
Economic Sentiment Indicator  
(1) sca: seasonally and calendar adjusted
(2) Source: OECD MEI
(3) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(4) Data in national currency has been converted into euro via Eurostat quarterly data for the Euro/ECU exchange rates
(5) Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

90

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 3.0

 2.0

 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    40.0

    32.0

    24.0

    16.0

    8.0

    0.0

8.0 

16.0 

Switzerland

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
 8

 6

 4

 2

 0

2

4

6

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.5

    0.4

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    0.0

0.1 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   0.3
   0.2
   0.1
   0.0
0.1 
0.2 
0.3 
0.4 
0.5 
0.6 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

20 000
18 000
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
 0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.0

0.2  

0.4  

0.6  

0.8  

1.0  

1.2  

Swiss Franc/

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Swiss franc-euro exchange rate (Swiss Franc/€)

91

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for United States

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 %

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.8

 0.3

 1.0

 0.5

 1.1

 0.0

 0.5

 0.8

–0.1

 0.5

 0.5

 0.1

–1.3

–1.8

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 2.7

Q/Q-4 %

 2.5

Q/Q-4 %

 3.0

 2.3

 2.6

 1.8

 2.1

 2.6

 1.4

 2.3

 0.3

 2.7

 0.6

 1.0

–0.2

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world) (²)(³)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world) (²)(³)

Consumer Prices Index – all 
items

Industrial producer prices (1)(⁴)

m euro

–65642.7 –66207.1 –64648.3 –59997.3 –58564.8 –62308.1 –59053.2 –53967.0 –58701.1 –65105.0 –69031.4

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

–111477.4 –113634.4 –109357.0 –94231.8 –94499.0

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

 0.2

 1.3

 0.3

M/M-12 %

–0.5

–0.1

 1.2

–0.6

–1.1

 0.0

 1.2

–0.3

–1.5

 0.2

 1.3

 0.4

–1.9

–0.2

 1.7

–0.1

–1.0

–0.2

 2.0

–0.1

 0.6

 0.4

 2.2

 0.1

 1.2

 0.3

 2.1

–0.8

–0.2

–0.3

 1.0

–1.0

–2.1

–0.9

–0.5

–3.5

–6.4

–0.1

–0.8

 1.7

–4.7

:

:

:

:

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06

Unemployment  
rate (3)

total

age <25 year

age ≥25 year

%

%

%

 3.7

 8.4

 3.0

 3.7

 8.6

 2.9

 3.5

 8.0

 2.9

 3.6

 7.9

 2.9

 3.5

 8.0

 2.9

 3.5

 8.1

 2.8

 3.6

 8.2

 2.9

 3.5

 7.7

 2.9

 4.4

 10.3

 3.5

 14.7

 27.4

 13.1

 13.3

 25.2

 11.6

:

:

:

Labour Cost Index (1)(⁵)

Q/Q-1 % 

 0.6

 0.7

 0.8

 0.7

 0.6

Q/Q-4 %

 2.7

 2.8

 3.1

 2.8

 2.6

Employment (1)(6)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.2

 0.1

 0.2

 0.3

–0.4

Q/Q-4 %

 1.4

 0.9

 1.4

 0.9

 0.2

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Industrial production (¹)

Production in construction (¹)

Retail trade deflated turnover (¹)

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

–0.2

 0.4

 0.5

–2.5

 0.3

 1.7

 0.7

 0.3

 1.1

–0.5

 0.5

 2.7

–0.3

–0.2

 0.7

–0.3

–0.7

 1.9

–0.4

–0.8

 0.4

 3.4

 0.3

 1.3

 0.9

–0.4

 1.6

 5.6

–0.1

 1.0

–0.4

–0.8

 0.4

 6.5

–0.3

 3.3

–0.4

–0.8

 2.6

 7.8

 0.6

 2.1

 0.1

–0.2

 0.2

 7.5

–0.6

 2.0

–4.6

–12.5

–4.9

–16.2

 1.4

–15.3

 0.0

 6.7

–4.7

–4.1

–2.9

 3.0

–12.0

–15.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt (⁷)

%

%

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

–

–

–

–

–

 135.8

 134.3

 135.6

 135.3

 140.8

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields (¹)

%

%

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09

2019M10

2019M11 2019M12

2020M01 2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05

2020M06

 2.29

 2.16

 2.13

 1.98

 1.90

 1.91

 1.82

 1.68

 1.10

 1.09

 0.40

 0.31

 2.06

 1.63

 1.70

 1.70

 1.81

 1.86

 1.75

 1.51

 0.88

 0.66

 0.67

 0.72

Euro-dollar exchange rate

average

 1.12

 1.11

 1.10

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.11

 1.09

 1.11

 1.09

 1.09

 1.13

Source:
ECB
ECB

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Euro–dollar exchange rate  
(1) Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database – Seasonally adjusted data 
(2) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(4) Data refer to Economic activities “Manufacturing”, total
(5)Hourly earnings
(6) Civilian employment: all persons
(7) Source OECD Public Sector Debt database
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

92

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

United States

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)
3.0

0.0

3.0  

6.0  

9.0  

12.0  

15.0  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    2.0
    0.0
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0

   1.0

   0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

 0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

%
(MIR, GBY)
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Euro-dollar exchange rate (€/$)

    1.60

    1.40

    1.20

    1.00

    0.80

    0.60

    0.40

93

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 4 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

Detailed PEEIs (*) analysis for Japan

Indicators

Reference period

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

GDP (volume) (¹)

Private final consumption  
(volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

Q/Q-1 %

Investment (GFCF) (volume) (¹)

Q/Q-1 %

 0.6

 0.1

 0.4

 0.5

 0.5

 0.9

 0.0

 0.4

 0.5

–1.9

–0.6

–2.9

–0.8

–3.3

 0.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

 0.8

 0.5

 1.4

 0.9

 0.8

 0.7

 1.8

 1.5

 4.7

–0.7

–1.9

–1.9

–2.7

–1.6

–1.4

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

External trade balance  
(all countries of the world) (1)(2)(3)

BOP current account  
(all countries of the world) (1)(3)(⁴)

m euro

–273.5

–711.5

–494.8

–328.2 –1273.5 –1655.5

–1962.6

 2930.1 –2736.4 –8918.0 –5142.2

:

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

m euro

 39666.0  39293.3  39456.9  44146.9  40936.0

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Consumer Prices Index – all 
items (1)

Industrial producer prices (1)

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

M/M-1 %

M/M-12 %

–0.1

 0.5

–0.0

–0.2

 0.3

 0.3

–0.2

–0.5

 0.1

 0.2

–0.0

–0.7

 0.3

 0.2

 1.4

 0.2

 0.1

 0.5

 0.0

 0.4

 0.0

 0.8

 0.1

 1.1

–0.1

 0.7

 0.2

 1.7

–0.2

 0.4

–0.3

 1.0

 0.0

 0.4

–0.7

 0.1

–0.1

 0.1

–1.6

–1.8

 0.0

 0.1

–0.4

–2.1

:

:

:

:

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Unemployment  
rate (3)

total

age <25 year

age ≥25 year

%

%

%

 2.3

 3.5

–

 2.3

 3.8

–

 2.4

 4.6

–

 2.4

 4.7

–

 2.2

 3.9

–

 2.2

 3.2

–

 2.4

 3.6

–

 2.4

 4.2

–

 2.5

 3.8

–

 2.6

 4.9

–

 2.9

 5.1

–

:

:

–

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Labour Cost Index (1)(⁵)

Q/Q-1 % 

–0.7

 0.5

–0.4

 0.2

 0.0

Q/Q-4 %

–0.4

 0.6

–0.7

–0.3

 0.4

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

Employment (1)(6)

Q/Q-1 % (¹)

 0.1

 0.2

 0.2

–0.1

–0.2

Q/Q-4 %

 0.8

 0.7

 1.0

 0.8

 0.3

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

Industrial production (¹)

Production in construction (¹)

Retail trade deflated turnover (¹)

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

M/M-1 % 

M/M-12 % 

 0.4

–1.9

–0.7

 0.0

–1.7

–1.8

–1.3

–3.0

–0.4

–0.4

 3.3

 1.3

 2.0

–0.8

–1.1

–0.8

 7.2

 8.8

–4.1

–6.6

–0.3

 0.1

–14.0

–6.9

–0.6

–6.1

 0.0

–0.1

 3.3

–3.3

2019Q1

2019Q2

2019Q3

2019Q4

2020Q1

 0.1

–6.3

–2.6

–1.2

 0.3

–3.9

:

 2.0

–2.5

 1.2

–2.3

 1.6

–1.0

–0.4

–3.4

–1.8

–4.7

 0.7

–0.4

–3.6

–6.5

 1.9

–3.0

–4.5

–5.1

–9.0

–8.3

–15.1

–23.0

 0.0

–3.4

–9.9

–14.1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

General government deficit (-)  
/surplus (+)

General government gross debt (⁷)

%

%

–

–

–

–

 236.7

 238.9

 238.8

 237.3

–

:

Economic Sentiment Indicator

index

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

3-month interest rate

Long term government  
bond yields (¹)

%

%

2019M07

2019M08 2019M09 2019M10

2019M11

2019M12

2020M01

2020M02 2020M03 2020M04 2020M05 2020M06

–0.07

–0.10

–0.09

–0.11

–0.10

–0.06

–0.05

–0.07

–0.09

–0.01

–0.03

–0.05

–0.14

–0.23

–0.23

–0.16

–0.09

–0.01

–0.02

–0.06

–0.03

 0.00

 0.00

 0.02

Yen exchange rate

Average

 121.41

 118.18

 118.24

 119.51

 120.34

 121.24

 121.36

 120.03

 118.90

 116.97

 116.87  121.12

Source:
ECB
ECB

(*)  Indicators are selected to be as comparable as possible with indicators in section 3 for EU Member States.
Indicator:  
3 month Interest rate  
Euro–national currency exchange rate  
(1) Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database – Seasonally adjusted data
(2) Data in national currency has been converted into euro using Eurostat monthly data of the table exchange rates
  There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3) sa: seasonally adjusted data
(4) Data in national currency has been converted into euro via Eurostat quarterly data for the Euro/ECU exchange rates
(5) Monthly earnings
(6) Source: Labour Force Survey, civilian employment: all persons
(7) Source OECD Public Sector Debt database
« : » not available data; « – » not existing data

94

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) for non-EU countries

4

Japan

Figure 1: Output

Growth rate
(GDP, IP)

 4

 2

 0

2

4

6

8

10

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

GDP (q/q–1)

Industrial production (IP) (m/m–1)

Figure 3: Labour

%
(UR)
3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Growth Rate
(E, LCI)
    0.2

    0.1

    0.0

0.1 

0.2 

0.4 

0.5 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Employment (E) (q/q–1)
Labor cost index (LCI) (q/q–1)

Unemployment rate (UR) (%) 

Figure 2: Demand

Growth rate        
(PFC,I)
 1.0

 0.0

1.0 

2.0 

3.0 

4.0 

Growth rate
(RT)
    10.0

    5.0

    0.0

5.0 

10.0 

15.0 

20.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Private final consuption (PFC) (q/q–1)

Investment (I) (q/q–1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m–1)

Figure 4: Prices

Growth Rate

   2.0
   1.5
   1.0
   0.5
   0.0
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

Industrial producer prices (m/m–1)
HICP (m/m–1)

Figure 5: External transactions

Figure 6: Financial

Millions  EUR

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

 0

10 000

20 000

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

BOP current account
External trade balance

%
(MIR, GBY)

0.1

0.0

0.1  

0.1  

0.2  

0.2  

0.3  

7
0
M
9
1
0
2

8
0
M
9
1
0
2

9
0
M
9
1
0
2

0
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
1
M
9
1
0
2

2
1
M
9
1
0
2

1
0
M
0
2
0
2

2
0
M
0
2
0
2

3
0
M
0
2
0
2

4
0
M
0
2
0
2

5
0
M
0
2
0
2

6
0
M
0
2
0
2

3-month interest rate (MIR)
Long-term government bond yield (GBY)
Yen-euro exchange rate (Yen/€)

Yen/

    122.40

    120.00

    117.60

    115.20

    112.80

95

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition 97

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition Appendix

Symbols and codes in the tables

EU-27:   European Union (27 countries)
EA:  

Euro area (EA-11 up to 31.12.2000 / EA-12 up to 31.12.2006 / EA-13 up to 31.12.2007 / EA-15 up to 31.12.2008 /  
EA-16 up to 31.12.2010 / EA-17 onwards up to 31.12.2013 / EA-18 up to 31.12.2014 /EA-19 onwards)
 Euro area (19 countries)
 Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Czechia
 Denmark
 Germany (including ex-GDR from 1991)
 Estonia
 Ireland
 Greece
 Spain
 France
 Croatia
 Italy
 Cyprus
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg (Grand-Duché)
 Hungary
 Malta
 Netherlands
 Austria
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania
 Slovenia
 Slovak Republic
 Finland
 Sweden
 United Kingdom
 Norway
 Switzerland
 United States
 Japan
 not available data
 not existing data
 confidential data
 million

EA-19:  
BE:  
BG:  
CZ:  
DK:  
DE:  
EE:  
IE:  
EL:  
ES:  
FR:  
HR:  
IT:  
CY:  
LV:  
LT:  
LU:  
HU:  
MT:  
NL:  
AT:  
PL:  
PT:  
RO:  
SI:  
SK:  
FI:  
SE:  
UK:  
NO:  
CH:  
US:  
JP:  
« : »  
« - »  
« c »  
« mn »  

Data presented in Section 2, 3 and 4 of this publication have been extracted from Eurostat database and
National Statistical Institutes on 8 July 2020, and on 9 July from OECD database.

98

  Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  
Eurostat’s source datasets 

GDP (volume) 
Private final consumption 
Investment (GFCF)  
External trade balance (extra ea19 area) 
External trade balance (extra euro27 area) 
BOP Current account (all countries of the world)  
Inflation (HICP) 
Industrial producer prices 
Unemployment rate 
Labour Cost Index  
Employment 
Industrial production 
Production in construction 
Retail trade deflated turnover 
General government deficit (-)/surplus(+) 
General government gross debt 
Economic sentiment indicator 
3-month interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Exchange rate 

namq_10_gdp
namq_10_gdp
namq_10_gdp
ei_etea19_m
ei_eteu27_2019_m
ei_bpm6ca_q
ei_cphi_m
sts_inppd_m
ei_lmhr_m
ei_lmlc_q
namq_10_a10_e
sts_inpr_m
ei_isbr_m
ei_isrr_m
gov_10q_ggnfa
gov_10q_ggdebt
ei_bssi_m_r2
ei_mfir_m
ei_mfir_m
ei_mfrt_m

Appendix

99

 Eurostatistics — 07/2020 edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Getting in touch with the EUIn personAll over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe Direct Information Centres. You can find the address of the centre nearest you at: https://europa.eu/contactOn the phone or by e-mailEurope Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service– by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls),– at the following standard number: +32 22999696 or– by electronic mail via: https://europa.eu/contactFinding information about the EUOnlineInformation about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: https://europa.euEU publicationsYou can download or order free and priced EU publications from EU Bookshop at:http://bookshop.europa.eu. Multiple copies of free publications may be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre (see https://europa.eu/contact).EU law and related documentsFor access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex at: https://eur-lex.europa.euOpen data from the EUThe EU Open Data Portal (https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data) provides access to datasets from the EU. Data can be downloaded and reused for free, both for commercial and non-commercial purposes.Eurostatistics
DATA FOR SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Eurostatistics — Data for short-term economic analysis - shows the 
evolution of the economic activity in the European Union, euro area 
and Member States. This monthly review gives a synthetic picture of 
the macroeconomic situation in the recent past. It is based on Principal 
European Economic Indicators (PEEIs), complemented by some business 
cycle indicators. 

For more information
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/

K
S
-
B
J
-
2
0
-
0
0
7
-
E
N
N

-

PDF: ISBN000-00-00-00000-0

Print: ISBN000-00-00-00000-0