ENACT 2011 population grids : fine-scale day- and nighttime population density estimates for the EU.
Date: 2020-02-05
Institutions: Joint Research Centre
Subjects: EU Member State, demographic analysis, population density, population statistics, report

ENACT 2011 Population grids 

Fine-scale day- and night-
time population density 
estimates for the EU  

Schiavina, M.; Freire S.; Rosina, K.; Ziemba, L.; 
Marin Herrera, M.A.; Craglia, M.; Lavalle, C.; 
Kemper T.; Batista e Silva, F. 

2020 

This publication is a Scientific Information Systems and Databases report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s 
science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific 
output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting 
on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and 
quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should 
contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of 
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its 
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 

Contact information  
jrc-ghsl-data@ec.europa.eu 

EU Science Hub 
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc 

JRC119548 

PDF 

ISBN 978-92-76-10719-4 

doi:10.2760/27863 

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 

© European Union, 2020 

The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the 
reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that 
reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other 
material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. 

All content © European Union, 2020 

How to cite this report: Schiavina, M.; Freire, S.; Rosina, K.; Ziemba, L.W.; Marin Herrera, M.A.; Craglia, M.; Lavalle, C.; Kemper, T.; Batista e 
Silva, F., ENACT 2011 Population grids, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-10719-4,
doi:10.2760/27863, JRC119548. 

Contents 

2.1 

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................3 
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................4 
1 
1.1  Overview ...................................................................................................................................................4 
1.2  Rationale ...................................................................................................................................................4 
1.3  Terms of Use .............................................................................................................................................4 
2  ENACT 2011 Population Grid (ENACT-POP), R2020A [ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A] ............................5 
Input data and methods ...........................................................................................................................5 
Regional and monthly population stocks ......................................................................................5 
Population Grids ............................................................................................................................7 
2.2  Validation of outputs ................................................................................................................................7 
2.3  Technical Details .......................................................................................................................................7 
2.4  How to cite ..............................................................................................................................................11 
References ............................................................................................................................................................12 
List of figures ........................................................................................................................................................13 
List of tables .........................................................................................................................................................14 

2.1.1 
2.1.2 

i 

 
 
Authors 

Schiavina,  Marcello  a;  Freire,  Sergio  a;  Rosina,  Konstantin  a;  Ziemba,  Lukasz  a;  Marin  Herrera,  Mario  Alberto  a; 
Craglia, Massimo a; Lavalle, Carlo a; Kemper, Thomas a; Batista e Silva, Filipe a. 

a European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 

2 

 
 
Abstract 

The ENACT grids are a set of consistent, seamless, multi-temporal and validated population density grids for 
the European  Union that take into account major daily and monthly population variations. These grids  were 
produced by combining official statistical data at regional level with geo-spatial data from conventional and 
non-conventional data sources. The grids display maximum population density at day- and night-time for each 
month of the year (i.e. 24 population grids in total), at a spatial resolution of 1 x 1 km resolution for the whole 
EU-28. This is a major contribution to the state-of-the-art information on population density in Europe, as prior 
grids considered only static residential population (i.e. night-time). The newly released grids were produced in 
the context of the JRC ENACT exploratory research project, “ENhancing ACTivity and population mapping. This 
document accompanies the public release of the ENACT 2011 Population Grids and describes the contents. 

Prior to cite this report, please access the updated version available at: 
http://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/ENACT_R2020A.pdf 

3 

 
1 

Introduction 

1.1  Overview 

The ENhancing ACTivity and population mapping (ENACT) project aimed at producing a set of seamless day- 
and night-time population density grids for each month of the year, taking into account human activities and 
induced major daily and monthly variations, and covering all EU Member States (as of 2019). These spatio-
temporal grids are created by mining and combining official statistical data at regional level with geospatial 
data from conventional and non-conventional data sources. 

This product is named according to the standard ENACT naming convention: 

ENACT_<name>_<temporalCoverage>_<spatialExtent>_<releaseId> 

Therefore the product name “ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A” indicates the ENACT population grid (ENACT-
POP) for 2011 and a EU28 spatial extent, release R2020A. 

Each dataset is named according to the standard ENACT naming convention: 

ENACT_<name>_<epochCode>_<extent>_<releaseId>_<EPSG>_<resolution>_<version>.<ext> 

The dataset unique identifier “ENACT_POP_D012011_EU28_R2020A_3035_1K_V1_0.tif” indicates the ENACT 
Population  layer  (ENACT-POP)  of  the  January  2011  daytime  with  EU28  extent,  release  R2020A  in  Lambert 
Azimuthal Equal Area (ETRS89) projection at 1 km resolution v1.0 in GeoTiff format. 

1.2  Rationale 

Open data and free access are in-line with the Directive on the re-use of public sector information (Directive 
2003/98/EC1).  The  free  and  open  access  policy  facilitates  the  information  sharing  and  collective  knowledge 
building, thus contributing to a democratisation of the information production. 

The  ENACT  2011  population  grids  contain  the  new  ENACT  data  produced  at  the  European  Commission 
Directorate General Joint Research Centre as a collaboration of three units from two Directorates: the Disaster 
Risk  Management  Unit  (E.1)  from  the  Directorate  for  Space,  Security  and  Migration;  and  the  Territorial 
Development Unit (B.3) and the Digital Economy Unit (B.6), from the Directorate for Growth and Innovation. 

1.3  Terms of Use 

The  data  in  this  data  package  are  provided  free-of-charge  ©  European  Union,  2019.  Reuse  is  authorised, 
provided  the  source  is  acknowledged.  The  reuse  policy  of  the  European  Commission  is  implemented  by  a 
Decision of 12 December 2011 (2011/833/EU). For any inquiry related to the use of these data please contact 
the GHSL data producer team at the electronic mail address: JRC-GHSL-DATA@ec.europa.eu 

Disclaimer: The JRC data are provided "as is" and "as available" in conformity with the JRC Data Policy2 and 
the Commission Decision on reuse of Commission documents (2011/833/EU). Although the JRC guarantees its 
best effort in assuring quality when publishing these data, it provides them without any warranty of any kind, 
either express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty against infringement of third parties' 
property rights, or merchantability, integration, satisfactory quality and fitness for a particular purpose. The JRC 
has no obligation to provide technical support or remedies for the data. The JRC does not represent or warrant 
that the data will be error free or uninterrupted, or that all non-conformities can or will be corrected, or that 
any data are accurate or complete, or that they are of a satisfactory technical or scientific quality. The JRC or 
as  the  case  may  be  the  European  Commission  shall  not  be  held  liable  for  any  direct  or  indirect,  incidental, 
consequential  or  other  damages,  including  but  not  limited  to  the  loss  of  data,  loss  of  profits,  or  any  other 
financial loss arising from the use of the JRC data, or inability to use them, even if the JRC is notified of the 
possibility of such damages.  

1 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0098 

1JRC Data Policy https://doi.org/10.2788/607378 

4 

                                           
 
2  ENACT 2011 Population Grid (ENACT-POP), R2020A 

[ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A] 

This spatial raster dataset depicts the distribution/density of population, expressed as the number of people per 
cell, during night-time and daytime for each month of 2011 (Figure 1). The grids were produced following four 
main tasks. Each of the tasks constitutes an important step of the methodological workflow: 1) estimation of 
regional  and  monthly  stocks  of  population  sub-groups;  2)  detailed  mapping  of  land  uses  and  location  of 
socioeconomic activities; 3) disaggregation of population stocks to grid level; 4) cross-comparison of the grids 
against independent sources. These tasks involve the assembly and combination of statistical and geo-data 
from multiple sources, both conventional (e.g. official statistics, information derived from remote sensing) and 
non-conventional  (e.g.  volunteered  geographic  information,  data  from  web  services,  proprietary  thematic 
datasets, mobile phone data). This document accompanies the public release of the ENACT 2011 Population 
Grids and describes the contents. 

Figure 1 Difference in population in the area of Paris per 1 x 1 km grid cells. Left: difference between day and night; Right: 
difference between August and January (at night-time) 

2.1 

Input data and methods 

2.1.1  Regional and monthly population stocks 

The  population  dataset  has  been  compiled  using  data  from  various  sources  with  different  characteristics 
regarding the spatial and temporal detail, data structure and format. Table 1 summarizes the main data inputs 
used and their characteristics. The data were then integrated following a set of operations to obtain results at 
NUTS-3 level for 2011 for each population stock. 

For almost all population stocks a “gap-filling” procedure was conducted at the given administrative level to 
complete the dataset, by applying different techniques for missing NUTS population value, such as: using the 
difference between total population in the upper NUTS and the population of all other NUTS nested in it; splitting 
the  total  population  of  upper  NUTS  according  to  historical  fraction  of  all  nested  units;  interpolating  or 
extrapolating values from time series constraining results to equal the upper NUTS population values. 

Stocks of Residents were available from EUROSTAT in table format and gridded format (GEOSTAT grid). 

5 

 
Workers are aggregated from NACE classes obtaining nine different groups in Workers stock, namely: A, BDE, 
C, F, GHI, J, K, L, MN, OPQ and RSTU (see Eurostat – Reference and management of nomenclature for details). 

Students  were  subdivided  into  two  main  classes  according  to  the  International  Standard  Classification  of 
Education (ISCED) levels. ISCED levels 0-1-2-3-4 were combined into a single low to mid educational level, and 
downscaled  to  NUTS-3  according  to  the  under  19-years-old  population  abundance.  ISCED  levels  5-6  were 
combined  into  a  single  high  educational  level,  and  downscaled  to  NUTS-3  according  to  the  abundance  of 
university students enrolled as reported in the ETER database3. Schools and University calendar are obtained 
from European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2016a; 2016b) reports. 

Non-working & Non-studying stock is calculated at NUTS-3 level as the fraction of residual population at 
the  corresponding  NUTS-2.  Residual  population  at  NUTS-2  is  obtained  as  the  inactive  population  (i.e.  total 
population minus the active population) minus the students plus the unemployed. 

Monthly inbound Tourists were obtained by downscaling yearly nights-spent from NUTS-2 level to NUTS-3 
level  according  to  the  number  of  beds  reported  per  NUTS-3  and  disaggregated  by  month  according  to  the 
average  monthly  percentage  of  tourists  at  the  available  administrative  level,  obtained  from  each  country 
National Statistical Office. Origin-Destination matrix (OD) of non-resident component of tourism is built by using 
the  country-of-origin  composition  of  tourists  to  obtain  per-country  stock  of  outbound  Tourists.  Details  on 
estimating Tourists stock are presented in Batista e Silva et al. 2018. Monthly inbound and outbound Tourists 
are used to transform the annual stocks of Residents, Workers, Students and Non-Working & Non-Studying into 
monthly stocks by proportionally subtracting the NUTS-3 outbound Tourists value. 

Table 1 Data and sources used for population database compilation 

Population Stock 

Variable dataset(s) description 

Spatial Resolution 

Temporal Resolution 

Source(s) 

Resident population 

Residents 

GEOSTAT-1km grid 

NUTS-3 

1 km 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Workers 
(11 subgroups) 

Students 
(2 subgroups) 

Employed persons per NACE sector 

NUTS-3 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Students by level of education 

NUTS-2 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Residents grouped by age 

European  Tertiary  Education  Register 
(ETER) University database 

NUTS-3 

NUTS-3 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Annual (2011) 

ETER 
project 

Calendars of Schools and Universities  

NUTS-0 

Monthly (2011) 

EACEA 

Tourists 
(2 subgroups) 

Nights-spent at tourist accommodation 
(plus non-EU per country) 

NUTS-2 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

tourist 
Nights-spent  or  arrivals  at 
accommodation  establishments  and 
country of origin composition 

NUTS-0/1/2/3 

Quarterly 
(2011) 

-  monthly 

NSIs 

Number of bed-places 

Non-working  
& non-studying 

Economically active people 

Unemployed people 

NUTS-3 

NUTS-2 

NUTS-2 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Annual (2011) 

Eurostat 

Annual (2011)  

Eurostat 

3 https://www.eter-project.com/ 

6 

 
 
 
                                           
2.1.2  Population Grids 

The ENACT 2011 Population Grids for the EU-28 are generated using a dasymetric mapping technique, relying 
on  the  100m  resolution  European  Settlement  Map  2017  (ESM2017,  update  of  (Ferri  et  al.  2014)  and  on  a 
spatially and thematically refined version of the Corine Land Cover 2012 (CLC2012; (Rosina et al. 2018) as 
ancillary information. The ESM2017 represents the settlement map of Europe in 2011-12 and it is based on 
SPOT satellite imagery. The CLC2012 has been refined by integrating additional finer geospatial layers from 
various  sources  (e.g.  Copernicus  High  Resolution  Layers,  Urban  Atlas,  OSM-Open  Street  Map,  TomTom)  to 
increase the spatial resolution to a minimum mapping unit of 1 hectare (for Artificial surfaces) and the thematic 
information to 50 land use/land cover classes. OSM and TomTom datasets were also used to generate additional 
target  layers  for  Workers  subgroups  by  rasterizing  Point  Of  Interest  (POI)  data  (avoiding  overlaps  with  the 
related class in the final CLC2012) categorized according to NACE sectors. Each population stock targets specific 
CLC2012 classes and additional layers using specific weights for each class. Night-time weights were obtained 
through a sampling method (Freire, Florczyk, and Ferri 2015); while day-time weights were compiled using an 
expert survey. 

Night-time population distribution maps were obtained by disaggregating the GEOSTAT 1km grid to ESM built-
up in the targeted land use at 100m, then multiplied by one minus the estimated monthly NUTS-3 fraction of 
outbound tourists at 100m and summing with the inbound tourists at 100m, disaggregated using the additional 
point layer of bed-places as target. Results are summed to a single value for night-time and daytime and then 
aggregated at 1 km for dissemination. Day-time population distribution maps were obtained by disaggregating 
each population group stock available at NUTS-3 (1,311 regions) to ESM built-up in the targeted CLC2012 land 
use  and  additional  layers  at  100m.  Non-working  &  non-studying  population  stock  is  used  to  determine  the 
fraction  of  resident  population  at  NUTS-3  level  in  such  class.  Those  fractions  are  applied  to  the  night-time 
population grids to obtain the Non-working & non-studying distribution map. Results are summed to a single 
value for day-time and then aggregated at 1 km for dissemination. 

2.2  Validation of outputs 

The quality of the produced day- and night-time population grids was assessed for European countries where 
adequate reference data were available, obtaining high levels of agreement. Census-based estimates of day- 
and night-time population for the whole of Italy and Portugal per municipality were used along with similar 
data specifically for three cities in Spain (i.e. Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia). Finally, for Belgium, we compared 
the day- and night-time population grids with data procured from a Mobile Network Operator. The validation 
methodology and results are documented in a paper currently under review (see section 2.4). 

2.3  Technical Details 

Authors: Schiavina, Marcello; Freire, Sergio; Rosina, Konstantin; Ziemba, Lukasz; Marin, Mario; Craglia, Massimo; 
Lavalle, Carlo; Kemper, Thomas; Batista e Silva, Filipe, Joint Research Centre (JRC) European Commission 

Product name: ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A 

Spatial extent: EU-28 

Temporal extent: 24 time frames (i.e. day- and night-time for the 12 months of 2011 

Coordinate Systems: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area (EPSG: 3035) and WGS 1984 (EPSG: 4326) 

Resolutions available: 1 km, 30 arcsec 

Encoding: Population data float32 [0, ∞); NoData: -200 

Data organisation: The grids are provided as GeoTIFF file as single global layer with pyramids. 

Table 2 outlines the technical characteristics of the datasets released in this data package. 

7 

 
 
Table 2. Technical details of the datasets in ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A 

ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A 

ID 

Description 

Resolution 
(Projection/Coordinate 
system) 

ENACT_POP_N012011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N022011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N032011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N042011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N052011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N062011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N072011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N082011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N092011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N102011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N112011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N122011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D012011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D022011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

Night-time population density for January 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53018 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for February 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53000 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for March 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52993 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for April 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53034 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for May 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53014 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for June 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53004 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for July 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52947 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for August 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52800 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for September 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52963 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for October 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53024 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for November 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53009 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for December 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53012 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for January 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59130 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for February 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59766 
NoData [-200] 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  

(LAEA) 

1 km  

(LAEA) 

1 km  

(LAEA) 

1 km  

(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

8 

Size  

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

10 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

ENACT_POP_D032011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D042011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D052011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D062011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D072011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D082011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D092011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D102011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D112011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D122011_ 
EU28_R2020A_3035_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N012011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N022011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N032011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N042011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N052011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N062011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N072011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

Daytime population density for March 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59819 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for April 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59874 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for May 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 60228 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for June 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 60271 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for July 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 60243 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for August 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 61493 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for September 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59812 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for October 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59856 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for November 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59843 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for December 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59872 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for January 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53018 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for February 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53000 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for March 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52993 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for April 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53034 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for May 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53014 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for June 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53004 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for July 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52947 
NoData [-200] 

9 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

1 km  
(LAEA) 

30 arcsec 

(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

15 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

ENACT_POP_N082011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N092011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N102011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N112011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_N122011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D012011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D022011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D032011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D042011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D052011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D062011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D072011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D082011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D092011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D102011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

ENACT_POP_D112011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

Night-time population density for August 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52800 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for September 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 52963 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for October 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53024 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for November 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53009 
NoData [-200] 
Night-time population density for December 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 53012 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for January 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59130 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for February 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59766 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for March 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59819 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for April 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59874 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for May 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 60228 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for June 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 60271 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for July 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 60243 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for August 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 61493 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for September 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59812 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for October 2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59856 
NoData [-200] 
Daytime population density for November 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59843 
NoData [-200] 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

10 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

35 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

38 MB 

Daytime population density for December 
2011 
Values are expressed as decimals (Float) from 
0 to 59872 
NoData [-200] 

30 arcsec 
(WGS84) 

38 MB 

ENACT_POP_D122011_ 
EU28_R2020A_4326_V1_0 

2.4  How to cite 

Dataset: 

Schiavina, M; Freire, S; Rosina, K; Ziemba, L; Marin, M; Craglia, M; Lavalle, C; Kemper, T; Batista e Silva, F 
(2020): ENACT-POP - ENACT 2011 Population Grid, R2020A. European Commission, Joint Research Centre 
(JRC) [Dataset] doi: PID:  

Concept & Methodology: 

Batista e Silva, F; Rosina, K; Schiavina, K; Marin, M; Freire, S; Ziemba, L; Craglia, M and Lavalle, C (2018): From 
place of residence to place of activity: towards spatiotemporal mapping of population density in Europe; 
Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe (AGILE). AGILE 2018. Available at:  
https://ghslsys.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/AGILE_2018_v1c_ShortPaper_ENACT.pdf?t=1526990908. 

Batista e Silva, F; Freire, S; Schiavina, M; Marin, M; Ziemba, L; Craglia M; Koomen, E; Lavalle, C (2020) The 
changing urban population in time and space: a data fusion approach. Under review. 

11 

 
 
References 

Batista e Silva, Filipe, Mario Alberto Marín Herrera, Konštantín Rosina, Ricardo Ribeiro Barranco, Sérgio Freire, 
and  Marcello  Schiavina.  2018.  ‘Analysing  Spatiotemporal  Patterns  of  Tourism  in  Europe  at  High-
Resolution  with  Conventional  and  Big  Data  Sources’.  Tourism  Management  68:  101–15. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.020. 

European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice. 2016a. The Organisation of School Time in Europe. Primary and General 
Secondary  Education  –  2016/17.  Luxembourg:  Publications  Office  of  the  European  Union). 
DOI:10.2797/229426. 

———. 2016b. The Organisation of the Academic Year in Europe 2016/17. Luxembourg: Publications Office of 

the European Union). DOI:10.2797/499435. 

Ferri, S.,  V. Syrris,  A. Florczyk,  M. Scavazzon,  M.  Halkia, and  M. Pesaresi. 2014. ‘A  New  Map of the  European 
Settlements by Automatic Classification of 2.5m Resolution SPOT Data’. In Proceedings of the 2014 
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) IEEE International, 1160–63. 

Freire, Sérgio, Aneta Florczyk, and Stefano Ferri. 2015. ‘Modeling Day-and Night-Time Population Exposure at 
High Resolution: Application to Volcanic Risk Assessment in Campi Flegrei’. In Proceedings of the Twelfth 
International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, Kristiansand, 
Norway. 

Rosina,  Konštantín,  Filipe  Batista  e  Silva,  Pilar  Vizcaino,  Mario  Marín  Herrera,  Sérgio  Freire,  and  Marcello 
Schiavina. 2018. ‘Increasing the Detail of European Land Use/Cover Data by Combining Heterogeneous 
of 
Data 
1–25. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2018.1550119. 

International 

December, 

Journal 

Digital 

Earth, 

Sets’. 

12 

 
List of figures 

Figure 1 Difference in population in the area of Paris per 1 x 1 km grid cells. Left: difference between day and 
night; Right: difference between August and January (at night-time) .............................................. 5 

13 

 
List of tables 
Table 1 Data and sources used for population database compilation ............................................. 6 
Table 2. Technical details of the datasets in ENACT_POP_2011_EU28_R2020A ................................. 8 

14 

 
 
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ISBN 978-92-76-10719-4