EU energy in figures : statistical pocketbook 2019.
Date: 2019-09-19
Institutions: Directorate-General for Energy
Subjects: Europe, air quality, energy consumption, energy market, energy production, energy supply, environmental indicator

ISSN 2363-247X

EU

energy

in figures

STATISTICAL 
POCKETBOOK  
2 0 1 9

Energy 

Printed by Drukarnia INTERAK SP ZOO in Poland

Manuscript completed in 08/2019

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Print 
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ISBN 978-92-76-08819-6 
ISBN 978-92-76-08818-9 
ISBN 978-92-76-08820-2 

ISSN 1977-4559  doi:10.2833/963512  MJ-AB-19-001-EN-C
ISSN 2363-247X  doi:10.2833/197947  MJ-AB-19-001-EN-N
ISSN 2363-247X  doi:10.2833/869306  MJ-AB-19-001-EN-E

Introduction 

The  energy  sector  is  one  of  the  pillars  of  growth,  competitiveness  and 
development for modern economies. To keep up with the ongoing trans-
formation of the energy sector in Europe, we need data that is accurate 
and up-to-date.

This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energy-
related statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each of its 
Member States.

The  data  contained  in  this  pocketbook  is  drawn  from  several  sources: 
from  the  European  Commission’s  services,  from  international  organisa-
tions  such  as  the  European  Environment  Agency  and  the  International  
Energy Agency and also from the European Commission’s estimates when 
other data is unavailable.

The publication is divided into five parts:

Part 1. Energy overview at global and EU levels.
Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States levels.
Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU.
Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment.
Part 5. Country profiles – Main energy indicators.

Indicators have been calculated using the methodology established by the 
European Commission – DG Energy. The appendices include a glossary and 
methodological notes. 

This publication was produced using the most recently available data. 
Corrections and updates will be published at:
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data/energy-statistical-pocketbook

Recommended sources of data:

European Commission websites:

DG Energy
Pocketbook and country datasheets: 
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data/energy-statistical-pocketbook
Energy data and analysis: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis

Eurostat
Eurostat Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

DG Economic and Financial Affairs
AMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm

DG Climate Action
Climate strategies, targets and progress reports: 
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/index_en.htm 

Websites of other EU bodies and international organisations:

European Environment Agency
Data and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/

International Energy Agency
Statistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/statistics/

Please send your comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement to 
ENER-A4-STATISTICS@ec.europa.eu, with the word ‘Pocketbook’ in the subject line.

1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Summary

PART 1  Overview

1.1 

Energy in the World (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10
World Energy Production by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10
1.1.1 

1.1.2 

1.1.3 

1.1.4 

1.1.5 

1.1.6 

1.1.7 

1.1.8 

1.1.9 

World Energy Production by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11

World Total Energy Supply by Region  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

World Total Energy Supply by Fuel�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13

World Total Final Consumption by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14

World Total Final Consumption by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

World Electricity Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16

World Heat Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17

World CO2 Emissions by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18

1.1.10  World CO2 Intensity by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19

1.2 

Energy in the EU (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20
EU-28 Energy Flow – 2000 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20
1.2.1 

1.2.2 

EU-28 Energy Flow – 2017�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21

1.2.3 

1.2.4 

1.2.5 

1.2.6 

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 24

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 25

EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26

1.3 

EU 2020 Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
Renewable Energy Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
1.3.1 

1.3.2 

Renewable Energy Shares�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29

1.3.3 

1.3.4 

Energy Efficiency Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 30

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1 

Energy Supply � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37
Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37
2.1.1 

2.1.2 

2.1.3 

2.1.4 

2.1.5 

Net Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40

Gross Available Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 43

Gross Inland Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 44

Total Energy Supply � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 48

2.2 

Energy Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49
Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49
2.2.1 

2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 54

2

Statistical pocketbook 20192.2.3 

Imports – Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59

2.2.4 

2.2.5 

Imports – Electricity  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63

Imports by Country of Origin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67

2.3 

Energy Import Dependency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 70
Import Dependency – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 70
2.3.1 

2.3.2 

Import Dependency – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 71

2.3.3 

2.3.4 

2.3.5 

2.3.6 

2.3.7 

Import Dependency – Solid Fossil Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 72

Import Dependency – Hard Coal  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73

Import Dependency – Oil and Petroleum Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 74

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 75

Import Dependency – Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 76

2.4 

Energy Transformation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 77
Transformation Input – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 77
2.4.1 

2.4.2 

Transformation Input – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78

2.4.3 

2.4.4 

2.4.5 

2.4.6 

Transformation Input – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79

Transformation Output – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 80

Transformation Output – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81

Transformation Output – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 82

2.5 

Final Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 83
Available for Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 83
2.5.1 

2.5.2 

2.5.3 

Final Non-Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 84

Final Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 85

2.6 

Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 89
Installed Electricity Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 89
2.6.1 

2.6.2 

Gross Electricity Generation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 92

2.6.3 

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 97

2.7 

Solar and Wind Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 98
Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 98
2.7.1 

2.7.2 

2.7.3 

2.7.4 

2.7.5 

2.7.6 

2.7.7 

2.7.8 

2.7.9 

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 100

Wind Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102

Wind Penetration Level � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103

Wind Capacity Factor � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 104

Solar Collectors’ Surface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 105

Solar Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106

Solar Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107

Solar Penetration Level � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108

3

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20192.8 

CHP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109
CHP Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109
2.8.1 

2.8.2 

CHP Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 110

2.8.3 

CHP Electricity and Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 111

2.9  Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112
Gross Heat Generation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112

2.9.1 

2.10  Transport � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115
Fuels Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115

2.10.1 

2.10.2 

Biofuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 116

2.11  Energy Efficiency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118

2.11.1 

2.11.2 

Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 119

2.11.3 

Energy Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120

2.11.4 

Energy Consumption per Capita  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 121

2.11.5 

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 122

2.11.6 

Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123

2 .11 .7  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Intensity of Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � 124

2.12  Renewable Energy (RES) Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 125
Renewable Energy (RES) Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 125

2.12.1 

2.13  Energy Prices and Taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 128
Prices of Transport Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 128

2.13.1 

2.13.2 

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 131

2.13.3 

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 133

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.1 

Classification of the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 138
Comparative Table � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 138
3.1.1 

3.2 

Enterprises in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139
Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139
3.2.1 

3.2.2 

Turnover in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 143

3.2.3 

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector  147

3.3 

Economy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151
GDP at Current Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151
3.3.1 

3.3.2 

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 152

4

Statistical pocketbook 20193.3.3 

3.3.4 

GDP at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 153

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 154

3.4  Demography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 155
Population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 155

3.4.1 

3.5 

Employment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 156
Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)  � � � 156
3.5.1 

3.5.2 

3.5.3 

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 157

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1  Gases Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162

4.1.1 

 EU-28 and Member States – Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162

 EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 163

 EU-28 and Member States – Other than Fuel Combustion  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 164

 EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 165

 EU-28 – Other than Fuel Combustion�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 166

4.1.2 

CO2 Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 167

 EU-28 and Member States – Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 167

 EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168

 EU-28 and Member States – Other than Fuel Combustion  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 169

 EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 170

 EU-28 – Other than Fuel Combustion�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 171

4.2  Main Emissions Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 172
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 172

4.2.1 

4.2.2 

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions to GDP Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 173

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.0 

5.1 

European Union 28 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 178

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5.2  Bulgaria � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 182

5.3 

Czechia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 184

5.4  Denmark � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 186

5.5  Germany � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 188

5.6 

5.7 

Estonia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 190

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5

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.8  Greece � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 194

5.9 

Spain � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196

5.10  France � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 198

5.11  Croatia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 200

5.12 

Italy�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 202

5.13  Cyprus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 204

5.14  Latvia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 206

5.15  Lithuania  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 208

5.16  Luxembourg � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 210

5.17  Hungary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 212

5.18  Malta � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 214

5.19  The Netherlands � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 216

5.20  Austria � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 218

5.21  Poland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 220

5.22  Portugal�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 222

5.23  Romania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 224

5.24  Slovenia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 226

5.25  Slovakia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 228

5.26  Finland  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230

5.27  Sweden � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 232

5.28  United Kingdom � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 234

Appendices

Appendices Methodology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 240
Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 240

Appendix 2 – Main Energy Flows in Eurostat Energy Balances – EN � � � � � � � 241

Appendix 3 – Main Energy Products in Eurostat Energy Balances – EN � � � 242

Appendix 4 – Symbols and Abbreviations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 244

Appendix 5 – Conversion Factors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245

Appendix 6 – Average Calorific Values � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 246

Appendix Glossary  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247
Appendix 7 – Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247

Appendix Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 258
Appendix 8 – Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 258

Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 263
6

Statistical pocketbook 2019S TAT I S T I C A L  P O C K E T B O O K   2019

#1Overview

OverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewSummary

1.1 

Energy in the World (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10
World Energy Production by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10
1.1.1 

1.1.2 

1.1.3 

1.1.4 

1.1.5 

1.1.6 

1.1.7 

1.1.8 

1.1.9 

World Energy Production by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11

World Total Energy Supply by Region  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

World Total Energy Supply by Fuel�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13

World Total Final Consumption by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14

World Total Final Consumption by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

World Electricity Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16

World Heat Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17

World CO2 Emissions by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18

1.1.10  World CO2 Intensity by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19

1.2 

Energy in the EU (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20
EU-28 Energy Flow – 2000 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20
1.2.1 

1.2.2 

EU-28 Energy Flow – 2017�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21

1.2.3 

1.2.4 

1.2.5 

1.2.6 

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 24

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 25

EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26

1.3 

EU 2020 Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
Renewable Energy Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
1.3.1 

1.3.2 

Renewable Energy Shares�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29

1.3.3 

1.3.4 

Energy Efficiency Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 30

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32

9

Overview

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019OverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverview1.1  Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.1  World Energy Production by Region

(Mtoe)

EU-28

China
United States
Middle East
Asia*
Russia
Africa
Rest of the World
World

2000
951

2005
910

2010
843

2015
771

2016
759

2017
754

1 124
1 667
1 324
1 062
978
875
2 037
10 019

1 671
1 631
1 516
1 254
1 203
1 074
2 285
11 546

2 236
1 724
1 624
1 498
1 280
1 153
2 430
12 787

2 514
2 023
1 885
1 568
1 334
1 095
2 598
13 789

2 361
1 916
2 043
1 609
1 374
1 085
2 586
13 732

2 450
1 993
2 032
1 620
1 429
1 135
2 622
14 035

TOTAL 2017: 14 035 Mtoe

EU-28

China

United States

Middles East

Asia*

Russia

Africa

Rest of the World

5.4 %

18.7 %

8.1 %

10.2 %

17.5 %

14.2 %

11.5 %

14.5 %

Mtoe

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China�

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

10

PART 1 Overview 
1.1.2  World Energy Production by Fuel

(Mtoe)

Oil and Petroleum Products
Solid Fossil Fuels
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Nuclear
Other
Total

2000
3 703
2 278
2 066
1 275
675
21
10 019

2005
4 051
2 998
2 371
1 382
722
23
11 546

2010
4 085
3 663
2 713
1 574
719
33
12 787

2015
4 413
3 886
2 996
1 784
670
39
13 789

2016
4 474
3 652
3 042
1 841
680
43
13 732

2017
4 477
3 773
3 163
1 889
687
45
14 035

TOTAL 2017: 14 035 Mtoe

Oil & Petroleum Products

Solid Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Renewables & Biofuels

Nuclear

Other

0.3 %

4.9 %

13.5 %

31.9 %

22.5 %

26.9 %

Mtoe

5 000
4 500
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

11

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.1.3  World Total Energy Supply by Region 

(Mtoe)

EU-28

China
United States
Asia*
Russia
Africa
Middle East
Rest of the World
World

2000
1 695

2005
1 795

2010
1 727

2015
1 589

2016
1 599

2017
1 619

1 143
2 274
1 762
619
490
354
1 689
10 025

1 794
2 319
1 984
652
583
468
1 886
11 480

2 550
2 217
2 294
689
680
622
2 072
12 850

3 006
2 187
2 487
693
766
732
2 170
13 631

2 987
2 163
2 544
714
786
736
2 182
13 712

3 077
2 155
2 615
732
812
750
2 211
13 972

TOTAL 2017: 13 972 Mtoe

EU-28

China

United States

Asia*

Russia

Africa

Middles East

Rest of the World

15.8 %

11.6 %

5.4 %

5.8 %

5.2 %

22.0 %

18.7 %

15.4 %

Mtoe

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

12

PART 1 Overview 
1.1.4  World Total Energy Supply by Fuel

(Mtoe)

Oil and Petroleum Products
Solid Fossil Fuels
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels

Hydro*
Geothermal*
Solar/Wind/Other*
Biofuels and Waste*

Nuclear
Other
Total

2000
3 663
2 317
2 072
1 276
225
52
8
1 012
675
22
10 025

2005
3 999
2 994
2 361
1 382
252
53
17
1 082
722
22
11 480

2010
4 136
3 653
2 733
1 576
296
62
48
1 202
719
33
12 850

2015
4 329
3 853
2 950
1 788
336
77
127
1 286
670
41
13 631

2016
4 371
3 741
3 032
1 845
349
80
145
1 313
680
43
13 712

2017
4 449
3 790
3 107
1 894
351
86
171
1 329
687
45
13 972

TOTAL 2017: 13 972 Mtoe

Oil & Petroleum Products

Solid Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Renewables & Biofuels

Nuclear

Other

0.3 %

4.9 %

13.6 %

31.8 %

22.2 %

27.1 %

Mtoe

5 000
4 500
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group� Waste also includes non-RES wastes�

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

13

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.1.5  World Total Final Consumption by Region

(Mtoe)

EU-28

China
United States
Asia*
Africa
Russia
Middle East
Rest of the World
World

2000
1 178

791
1 546
1 213
364
418
241
1 278
7 030

2005
1 240

1 235
1 563
1 360
432
412
313
1 417
7 972

2010
1 205

1 653
1 513
1 549
495
447
415
1 557
8 834

2015
1 117

1 970
1 512
1 705
563
453
481
1 614
9 414

2016
1 138

1 983
1 517
1 742
575
465
481
1 632
9 534

2017
1 154

2 004
1 520
1 805
594
488
493
1 659
9 717

TOTAL 2017: 9 717 Mtoe

EU-28

China

United States

Asia*

Africa

Russia

Middles East

Rest of the World

17.1 %

11.9 %

5.1 %

5.0 %

6.1 %

20.6 %

18.6 %

15.6 %

Mtoe

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China�

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

14

PART 1 Overview 
1.1.6  World Total Final Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe)

Oil and Petroleum Products
Solid Fuels
Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Heat
Other
Total

2000
3 122
542
1 116
903
1 092
248
7
7 030

2005
3 444
826
1 193
940
1 304
259
7
7 972

2010
3 592
1 050
1 353
1 014
1 542
274
8
8 834

2015
3 827
1 102
1 411
1 056
1 737
271
10
9 414

2016
3 888
1 057
1 444
1 059
1 791
283
11
9 534

2017
3 985
1 020
1 502
1 072
1 838
289
12
9 717

TOTAL 2017: 9 717 Mtoe

0.1 %

3.0 %

Oil & Petroleum Products

18.9 %

Solid Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Renewables & Biofuels

Electricity

Heat

Other

41.0 %

11.0 %

15.5 %

10.5 %

Mtoe

4 500

4 000

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000
500

0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

15

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.1.7  World Electricity Generation by Fuel

(TWh)

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables
Hydro*
Solar/Wind/Other*
Biofuels and Waste*
Geothermal*

Nuclear
Other
Total

2000
5 994
1 207
2 760
2 830
2 613
55
164
52
2 591
54
15 436

2005
7 322
1 135
3 704
3 297
2 935
140
229
58
2 768
67
18 293

2010
8 666
977
4 839
4 201
3 443
408
370
68
2 756
90
21 529

2015
9 553
976
5 576
5 537
3 902
1 131
519
81
2 570
100
24 313

2016
9 587
926
5 824
5 933
4 054
1 331
571
82
2 608
108
24 986

2017
9 863
842
5 883
6 269
4 082
1 615
596
85
2 636
113
25 606

TOTAL 2017: 25 606 TWh

Solid Fossil Fuels

Oil & Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Renewables

Nuclear

Other

0.4 %

10.3 %

38.5 %

24.5 %

3.3 %

23.0 %

TWh

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group� Waste also includes non-RES wastes�

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

16

PART 1 Overview 
1.1.8  World Heat Generation by Fuel

(PJ)

Natural Gas
Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Renewables

Geothermal*
Solar/Wind/Other*
Biofuels and Waste*

Nuclear
Other
Total

2000
6 236
4 332
1 160
296
18
11
414
19
202
12 245

2005
6 620
4 752
965
395
24
386
530
21
600
13 353

2010
6 773
5 295
839
585
26
347
783
27
634
14 154

2015
5 896
5 705
595
721
34
372
953
26
732
13 675

2016
6 214
5 925
615
786
44
404
1 045
27
816
14 383

2017
6 175
5 978
526
816
40
422
1 082
27
846
14 368

TOTAL 2017: 14 368 PJ

Natural Gas

Solid Fossil Fuels

Oil & Petroleum Products

Renewables

Nuclear

Other

0.2 %

5.9 %

5.7 %

3.7 %

41.6 %

43.0 %

PJ

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group� Waste also includes non-RES wastes�

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

17

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.1.9  World CO2 Emissions* by Region

(Mio ton CO2)

EU-28

China
United States
Asia**
Middle East
Russian Federation
Africa
Rest of the World
World

2000
4 036

2005
4 207

2010
3 898

2014
3 429

2015
3 478

2016
3 475

3 173
5 877
3 814
951
1 488
700
3 185
23 223

5 507
5 855
4 391
1 230
1 497
896
3 487
27 070

7 932
5 501
5 169
1 596
1 553
1 035
3 806
30 490

9 260
5 166
5 911
1 845
1 551
1 191
3 975
32 328

9 246
5 044
5 989
1 882
1 524
1 182
3 932
32 276

9 207
4 961
6 128
1 911
1 487
1 199
3 948
32 314

TOTAL 2016: 32 314 Mio ton CO2

EU-28

China

United States

Asia*

Middles East

Russian Federation

Africa

Rest of the World

12.2 %

10.8 %

3.7 %

4.6 %

5.9 %

28.5 %

19.0 %

15.4 %

Mio ton CO2

10 000
9 000
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

* Contains CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, international aviation and maritime bunkers�
** non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China�

Source: IEA, July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

18

PART 1 Overview 
1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity* by Region

(Kg CO2 per toe – Average)

EU-28

China
United States
Asia**
Middle East
Russia
Africa
Rest of the World
World

2000
2 382

2 775
2 585
2 165
2 689
2 402
1 429
1 885
2 316

2005
2 344

3 070
2 525
2 214
2 626
2 297
1 537
1 849
2 358

2010
2 257

3 111
2 481
2 254
2 568
2 254
1 521
1 837
2 373

2014
2 183

3 109
2 337
2 400
2 553
2 194
1 545
1 834
2 379

2015
2 188

3 076
2 306
2 408
2 570
2 200
1 543
1 812
2 368

2016
2 173

3 083
2 293
2 409
2 595
2 081
1 525
1 809
2 357

WORLD AVERAGE 2016: 2 357 Kg CO2 per toe

3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0

EU-28

China

United States

Asia**

Middle East

Russia

Africa

Rest of the World

World

Kg CO2 per toe

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

* Per Unit of Gross Inland Consumption�
** non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China and Middle East�

Source: IEA, August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

19

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.2  Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.1  EU-28 Energy Flow – 2000  (Mtoe)

.

3
1
9
2

:
l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R
–
C
E
F

5
0
3

:
t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
T
–
C
E
F

1.8
2
1
s: 
e
c
i
v
r
e
S
–
C
E
F

.

6
5
0
3
:
y
r
t
s
u
d
n
I
–
C
E
F

1
.
2
1
1
:
n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C
y
g
r
e
n
E
-
n
o
N
l
a
n
i
F

y
g
r
e
n
E

d
e
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T
-
n
o
N

L
A
N
I
F

N
O
I
T
A
M
R
O
F
S
N
A
R
T

Y
L
P
P
U
S

l

a
n
F

i

y
g
r
e
n
E

e
l
b
a

l
i

a
v
A

l

a
n
F

i

r
o
f

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C

:

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C

:
)
C
E
F
(

.

1
6
6
0
1

3
7
1
1

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T

:
t
u
p
t
u
O

.

4
9
7
1
1

:
t
u
p
n
I

.

2
4
8
5
1

l

a
t
o
T

:

y
l
p
p
u
S

y
g
r
e
n
E

.

3
2
9
6
1

d
n
a
l
n
I

s
s
o
r
G

:

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C

.

5
1
3
7
1

s
s
o
r
G

e
l
b
a

l
i

a
v
a

:

y
g
r
e
n
E

4
7
7
1

FEC – Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: 29.6
FEC – Non-specified: 12.8
Consumption in Energy Sector: 86.7
Distribution Losses: 27.7
Transformation Losses: 404.9

International Aviation: 39.3
International Maritime Bunkers: 42.5
Stock Changes: 0

:

s
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
e
N

6
2
8

l

a
t
o
T

:

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

0
5
9

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

20

PART 1 Overview 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.2.2  EU-28 Energy Flow – 2017

(Mtoe)

8
8
2

:
l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R
–
C
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F

1
6
2
:
y
r
t
s
u
d
n
I
–
C
E
F

.

9
6
2
3

4
5
1
s: 
e
c
i
v
r
e
S
–
C
E
F

:
t
r
o
p
s
n
a
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T
–
C
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F

2
.
2
0
1
:
n
o
i
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E
-
n
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N
l
a
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i
F

y
g
r
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n
E

d
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s
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a
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T
-
n
o
N

L
A
N
I
F

N
O
I
T
A
M
R
O
F
S
N
A
R
T

Y
L
P
P
U
S

l

a
n
F

i

y
g
r
e
n
E

e
l
b
a

l
i

a
v
A

l

a
n
F

i

r
o
f

n
o
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t
p
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:

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(

0
6
0
1

.

9
5
6
1
1

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
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f
s
n
a
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T

:
t
u
p
t
u
O

.

6
5
7
1
1

:
t
u
p
n
I

.

4
8
2
5
1

l

a
t
o
T

:

y
l
p
p
u
S

y
g
r
e
n
E

.

8
3
2
6
1

d
n
a
l
n
I

s
s
o
r
G

:

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C

.

9
4
7
6
1

s
s
o
r
G

e
l
b
a

l
i

a
v
a

:

y
g
r
e
n
E

.

4
9
1
7
1

FEC – Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: 25.8
FEC – Non-specified: 4.3
Consumption in Energy Sector: 79.2
Distribution Losses: 25.9
Transformation Losses: 352.8

International Aviation: 51.2
International Maritime Bunkers: 44.5
Stock Changes: 11.8

:

s
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
e
N

.

8
7
4
9

l

a
t
o
T

:

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

.

8
9
5
7

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

21

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.2.3  EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

ENERGY MIX (%) – PRIMARY PRODUCTS ONLY

TOTAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS 2000: 1 729.6 Mtoe
(Total Primary and Secondary Products 2000: 1 731.5 Mtoe)

Oil and Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Solid Fossil Fuels

Renewables and Biofuels

Nuclear

Waste, Non-Renewable

Others*

5.7 %

18.2 %

0.3 %

0.4 %

14.1 %

38.4 %

22.9 %

TOTAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS 2017: 1 674 Mtoe
(Total Primary and Secondary Products 2017: 1 674.9 Mtoe)

0.9 %

0.4 %

12.6  %

13.9  %

34.8 %

Oil and Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Solid Fossil Fuels

Renewables and Biofuels

Nuclear

Waste, Non-Renewable

13.6 %

Others*

23.8 %

* Others = manufactured gases, peat and peat products, oil shale and oil sands�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

22

PART 1 Overview 
1.2.3  EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

ENERGY MIX* – 2017 (%)

0 %                   20 %                   40 %                   60 %                   80 %               100 %

Oil and Petroleum Products Natural Gas

Solid Fossil Fuels

Others**

Waste, Non-Renewable

Nuclear

Renewables and Biofuels

E
U
-
2
8

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0 %                   20 %                   40 %                   60 %                   80 %               100 %

* Primary Products Only� 
**Others = manufactured gases, peat and peat products, oil shale and oil sands�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

23

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.2.4  EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

BY FUEL – (%)

Total

2000
46�6

2005
52�3

2010
52�7

2015
53�9

2016
53�8

2017
55�1

Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal

Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas

31�0
42�6
75�3
73�9
48�9

40�1
55�8
82�3
81�3
57�1

39�6
56�5
84�7
84�5
62�5

42�7
62�3
89�2
88�5
69�0

41�5
61�4
87�1
87�4
70�4

43�9
67�0
86�7
88�1
74�3

2000-2017 (%)

100  %

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

Total

Solid Fossil 
Fuels

of which  
Hard Coal

Oil and 
Petroleum 
Products

of which 
Crude 
and NGL

Natural Gas

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

24

PART 1 Overview 
1.2.5  EU-28 Energy Import Dependency –  

Net Imports

2017

ENERGY IMPORT DEPENDENCY (%)

NET IMPORTS (Mtoe)

0       20       40       60       80      100

0          40           80         120         160         200

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0       20       40       60       80      100

0          40           80         120         160         200

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

25

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
1.2.6  EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 IMPORTS* OF NATURAL GAS – 2017
Total extra-EU = 16 261 447�953 TJ-GCV

Russia

Norway

38.7 %

25.3 %

Not specified

14.7 %

Algeria

10.6 %

Qatar

5.2 %

 Nigeria

2.5 %

Libya

Peru

1.1 %

0.9 %

Other extra-EU

1.0 %

EU-28 IMPORTS* OF CRUDE OIL AND NGL – 2017
Total extra-EU = 547 531�72 kton

29.8 %

Russia

Norway

 Iraq

Saudi Arabia

Kazakhstan

Nigeria

11.9 %

8.0 %

7.3 %

6.5 %

6.3 %

Iran

Libya

5.2 %

5.1 %

38.9 %

Other extra-EU

19.8 %

EU-28 IMPORTS* OF HARD COAL – 2017
Total extra-EU = 157 439�139 kton

Russia

Colombia

United States

Australia

16.9 %

16.9 %

11.8 %

South Africa

4.9 %

Indonesia

Canada

3.4 %

2.5 %

Not specified

1.8 %

Other extra-EU

3.0 %

* From non-EU suppliers and as a share of total non-EU imports�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

26

PART 1 Overview1.3  EU 2020 Targets

1.3.1  Renewable Energy Targets

*

2017 Renewable Energy Shares

t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
T

S
E
R

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

S
E
R

7�4

30�7

6�6
7�2
6�6
6�9
7�0
0�4
7�4
1�8
5�9
9�1
1�2
6�5
2�6
2�5
3�7
6�4
6�8
6�8
5�9
9�7
4�2
7�9
6�6
2�7
7�0
18�8
32�1
5�1

17�2
19�1
13�7
60�4
34�4
17�0
30�1
24�5
36�3
19�9
46�4
34�1
8�9
54�4
18�3
8�1
7�5
6�6
13�8
72�2
13�1
54�2
41�6
32�4
21�3
35�2
65�9
28�1

g
n
i
t
a
e
H
S
E
R

g
n
i
l
o
o
C

d
n
a

19�5

8�0
29�9
19�7
46�6
13�4
51�6
6�9
26�6
17�5
21�4
36�6
20�1
24�5
54�6
46�5
8�1
19�6
19�8
5�9
32�1
14�5
34�4
26�6
33�3
9�8
54�9
69�1
7�5

S
E
R

l
l

a
r
e
v
O

e
r
a
h
S

17�5

9�1
18�7
14�8
35�8
15�5
29�2
10�7
16�3
17�5
16�3
27�3
18�3
9�9
39�0
25�8
6�4
13�3
7�2
6�6
32�6
10�9
28�1
24�5
21�6
11�5
41�0
54�5
10�2

t
e
g
r
a
T

S
E
R
0
2
0
2

t
e
g
r
a
T

S
E
R
0
3
0
2

8
1
0
2
7
1
0
2

/

e
v
i
t
a
c
i
d
n
I

n�a�

20.0

32.0

9�2
13�7
10�6
25�5
13�7
22�6
11�5
14�1
16�0
18�6
17�4
12�9
9�5
37�4
20�2
7�5
10�0
6�5
9�9
30�3
12�3
27�3
21�8
21�9
11�4
34�7
45�8
10�2

13�0
16�0
13�0
30�0
18�0
25�0
16�0
18�0
20�0
23�0
20�0
17�0
13�0
40�0
23�0
11�0
13�0
10�0
14�0
34�0
15�0
31�0
24�0
25�0
14�0
38�0
49�0
15�0

%
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

* In % of the Gross Final Energy Consumption�

Source: Eurostat-RES SHARES, March 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

27

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
1.3.1  Renewable Energy Targets

OVERALL RENEWABLE ENERGY SHARE 2017 (%)

0 %              10 %              20 %               30 %               40 %               50 %             60 %

Overall RES Share 2017

Indicative Trajectory 2017-2018

2020 RES Target

2030 RES Target

E
U
-
2
8

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0 %              10 %              20 %               30 %               40 %               50 %             60 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption�

Source: Eurostat-RES SHARES, March 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

28

PART 1 Overview 
1.3.2  Renewable Energy Shares

*

RES SHARES IN HEATING AND COOLING, ELECTRICITY,  
AND TRANSPORT – 2017 (%)

0 %        10 %         20 %         30 %         40 %         50 %         60 %         70 %        80 %

RES Transport 2017

RES Electricity 2017

RES Heating and Cooling 2017

E
U
-
2
8

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0 %        10 %         20 %         30 %         40 %         50 %         60 %         70 %        80 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption�

Source: Eurostat-RES SHARES, March 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

29

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
1.3.3  Energy Efficiency Targets

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2020-2030 TARGETS 
(Mtoe)

TARGETS

EU-28

2005
1720�0

2010
1660�2

2015
1537�5

2016
1546�9

2017
1561�6

2020
1483

2030
1273

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

51�6
19�2
42�5
19�4
320�3
5�1
14�9
30�1
136�6
260�9
9�1
180�8
2�5
4�5
8�0
4�8
26�4
0�9
70�1
32�6
88�0
24�9
36�0
7�0
17�4
33�6
49�4
223�5

54�1
17�4
42�7
20�0
312�0
5�6
14�8
27�1
123�3
254�4
8�9
167�3
2�7
4�6
6�2
4�6
24�6
0�9
71�7
32�4
96�6
22�6
33�0
7�0
16�7
35�5
48�6
205�1

46�1
18�0
39�8
16�9
295�3
5�3
13�9
23�2
118�6
244�3
8�0
149�1
2�3
4�3
5�8
4�1
23�3
0�8
63�8
31�5
90�1
21�6
30�7
6�3
15�2
31�2
45�1
183�0

49�3
17�7
40�0
17�4
297�7
5�9
14�6
22�8
119�2
240�2
8�0
148�0
2�4
4�3
6�0
4�2
23�7
0�7
64�8
31�7
94�8
21�8
30�6
6�5
15�4
32�3
46�9
179�8

49�1
18�3
40�4
17�7
298�3
5�6
14�4
23�1
125�6
239�5
8�3
148�9
2�5
4�5
6�2
4�3
24�5
0�8
64�5
32�5
99�1
22�8
32�4
6�6
16�1
31�9
46�5
176�8

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION – 2020-2030 (Mtoe)

EU-28

2020 Target

2030 Target

1 800

1 700

1 600

1 500

1 400

1 300

1 200

1 100

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

30

PART 1 Overview 
 
 
1.3.3  Energy Efficiency Targets

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2020-2030 TARGETS 
(Mtoe)

EU-28

2005
1 192�8

2010
1 163�1

2015
1 088�3

2016
1 110�1

2017
1 122�8

2020
1 086

2030
956

TARGETS

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

36�6
10�1
26�3
15�5
218�7
2�9
12�7
21�0
98�1
160�2
7�2
137�2
1�8
4�0
4�7
4�5
18�7
0�5
54�1
27�7
58�5
19�0
24�6
4�9
11�6
25�2
33�7
153�0

37�7
8�8
25�3
15�5
220�0
2�9
12�0
19�0
89�1
154�0
7�2
128�5
1�9
4�1
4�8
4�3
17�5
0�5
55�3
27�7
66�3
18�1
22�5
5�0
11�5
26�3
34�0
143�1

35�9
9�5
24�2
14�0
212�0
2�8
11�2
16�5
80�4
146�7
6�6
116�2
1�7
3�8
4�9
4�0
17�4
0�6
49�2
27�4
62�3
16�0
21�8
4�7
10�1
24�2
31�5
132�6

36�5
9�6
24�8
14�4
216�7
2�8
11�6
16�7
82�5
148�7
6�6
115�9
1�8
3�8
5�1
4�0
17�8
0�6
49�9
27�8
66�6
16�2
22�2
4�9
10�4
25�2
32�4
134�4

36�1
9�9
25�5
14�6
218�7
2�9
11�8
16�8
84�3
148�9
6�9
115�2
1�9
4�0
5�3
4�2
18�5
0�6
50�3
28�4
70�9
16�6
23�2
4�9
11�1
25�3
32�6
133�3

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – 2020-2030 (Mtoe)

EU-28

2020 Target

2030 Target

1 250

1 200 

1 150 

1 100 

1 050

1000

950

900

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

31

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
1.3.4  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Targets

*

(index 100=1990)

TARGETS

2020
80

2030
60

EU-28

2020 Target

2030 Target

EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
92�4

103�2
58�3
75�6
101�5
84�3
43�0
124�4
122�1
135�4
101�9
80�5
107�7
144�2
39�9
40�3
80�8
78�5
134�5
101�5
103�2
83�4
138�8
57�7
102�4
67�1
98�6
96�9
91�6

2005
93�7

99�4
62�9
74�9
95�5
80�5
47�7
127�5
131�5
154�3
102�5
93�6
112�9
159�1
43�7
47�3
108�8
80�9
138�1
99�7
118�8
85�1
145�0
61�0
110�1
69�8
98�5
94�3
89�7

2010
85�9

91�6
59�5
70�9
90�8
76�5
52�6
112�3
114�6
126�2
94�9
87�7
98�6
161�0
47�7
42�9
102�3
69�7
139�7
99�0
109�1
87�0
117�9
50�0
105�4
63�2
107�0
91�4
79�3

2016
77�8

80�3
58�2
65�8
73�5
74�2
48�9
113�1
89�8
116�7
85�8
76�5
84�8
150�6
44�0
42�1
87�9
65�6
98�8
91�7
103�0
84�5
114�4
46�3
94�9
57�6
83�1
76�4
63�8

2017
78�3

79�7
60�5
65�3
70�5
74�1
52�0
112�9
93�6
121�8
86�6
78�7
84�1
155�7
44�3
42�7
90�8
68�5
112�2
90�9
106�2
87�6
122�8
46�1
93�8
59�2
79�5
76�3
62�4

GHG EMISSIONS – 1990-2017 (index 100=1990)

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* Emissions of the Kyoto basket of GHG�

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices 

32

PART 1 Overview  
 
 
S TAT I S T I C A L  P O C K E T B O O K   2019

Energy

in the EU

#2Energy in the EU

Energy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUSummary

2.1 

Energy Supply � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37
Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37
2.1.1 

2.1.2 

2.1.3 

2.1.4 

2.1.5 

Net Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40

Gross Available Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 43

Gross Inland Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 44

Total Energy Supply � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 48

2.2 

Energy Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49
Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49
2.2.1 

2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 54

2.2.3 

Imports – Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59

2.2.4 

2.2.5 

Imports – Electricity  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63

Imports by Country of Origin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67

2.3 

Energy Import Dependency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 70
Import Dependency – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 70
2.3.1 

2.3.2 

Import Dependency – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 71

2.3.3 

2.3.4 

2.3.5 

2.3.6 

2.3.7 

Import Dependency – Solid Fossil Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 72

Import Dependency – Hard Coal  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73

Import Dependency – Oil and Petroleum Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 74

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 75

Import Dependency – Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 76

2.4 

Energy Transformation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 77
Transformation Input – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 77
2.4.1 

2.4.2 

Transformation Input – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78

2.4.3 

2.4.4 

2.4.5 

2.4.6 

Transformation Input – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79

Transformation Output – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 80

Transformation Output – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81

Transformation Output – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 82

2.5 

Final Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 83
Available for Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 83
2.5.1 

2.5.2 

2.5.3 

Final Non-Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 84

Final Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 85

2.6 

Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 89
Installed Electricity Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 89
2.6.1 

2.6.2 

Gross Electricity Generation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 92

2.6.3 

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 97

35

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Energy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUEnergy in the EUPART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7 

Solar and Wind Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 98
Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 98
2.7.1 

2.7.2 

2.7.3 

2.7.4 

2.7.5 

2.7.6 

2.7.7 

2.7.8 

2.7.9 

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 100

Wind Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102

Wind Penetration Level � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103

Wind Capacity Factor � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 104

Solar Collectors’ Surface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 105

Solar Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106

Solar Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107

Solar Penetration Level � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108

2.8 

CHP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109
CHP Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109
2.8.1 

2.8.2 

CHP Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 110

2.8.3 

CHP Electricity and Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 111

2.9  Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112
Gross Heat Generation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112

2.9.1 

2.10  Transport � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115
Fuels Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115

2.10.1 

2.10.2 

Biofuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 116

2.11  Energy Efficiency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118

2.11.1 

2.11.2 

Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 119

2.11.3 

Energy Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120

2.11.4 

Energy Consumption per Capita  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 121

2.11.5 

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 122

2.11.6 

Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123

2 .11 .7  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Intensity of Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � 124

2.12  Renewable Energy (RES) Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 125
Renewable Energy (RES) Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 125

2.12.1 

2.13  Energy Prices and Taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 128
Prices of Transport Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 128

2.13.1 

2.13.2 

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 131

2.13.3 

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 133

36

2.1  Energy Supply

2.1.1  Production

*

ALL FUELS

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
950�0
100 %

13�61
9�87
30�81
27�83
135�47
3�18
2�16
10�01
31�40
129�72
4�26
28�35
0�04
1�41
3�36
0�06
11�61
0�00
58�76
9�81
79�40
3�85
28�53
3�09
6�28
14�82
30�01
272�33

2005
908�8
96 %

13�72
10�65
33�24
31�41
137�03
3�87
1�70
10�32
30�01
136�29
4�76
30�28
0�05
1�87
3�95
0�11
10�94
0�00
62�72
9�75
78�44
3�61
27�99
3�49
6�44
16�58
34�08
205�50

2010
840�0
88 %

15�55
10�43
32�11
23�47
128�95
4�93
1�87
9�44
34�41
136�98
5�15
32�94
0�09
1�98
1�32
0�12
11�71
0�00
71�45
11�66
67�16
5�80
27�45
3�65
6�01
17�04
32�01
146�35

2015
773�7
81 %

10�55
12�03
28�98
16�26
120�11
5�60
1�93
8�49
33�98
140�72
4�40
36�10
0�13
2�35
1�59
0�15
11�10
0�02
48�40
12�07
68�00
5�30
26�44
3�26
6�39
17�09
35�86
116�36

2016
760�2
80 %

15�16
11�28
27�47
15�41
116�15
5�19
4�20
6�76
34�64
133�72
4�42
33�52
0�13
2�46
1�63
0�16
11�28
0�02
46�55
12�29
66�76
6�00
24�80
3�44
6�23
17�13
35�39
118�00

2017
759�8
80 %

14�90
11�72
27�47
15�86
116�27
5�79
4�86
7�51
34�23
132�23
4�21
36�67
0�14
2�60
1�76
0�19
11�15
0�03
42�16
12�34
64�37
5�23
25�48
3�52
6�37
18�08
36�59
118�13

PRODUCTION – ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* Primary production� recycled and recovered products�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

37

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.1  Production *

BY FUEL

2017

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

s
l
e
u
F

s
e
l
b
a
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e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
b
&

i

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

210�7
103�1
27�7 % 16�4 % 29�8 % 13�6 %

226�6

124�9

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R
-
n
o
N

,

s
e
t
s
a
W

e
l
a
h
S

l
i

O

s
d
n
a
S

,
t
a
e
P

l
i

O
&

74�5
9�8 %

14�2
1�9 %

5�8
0�0 %

11�00
3�94
7�02
0�00
19�65
0�00
0�00
0�00
15�13
103�86
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
4�08
0�00
0�79
0�00
0�00
0�00
2�91
1�49
3�99
5�39
16�35
15�12

0�01
5�70
15�28
0�00
39�44
0�00
0�00
4�57
1�13
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
1�28
0�00
0�00
0�00
49�84
0�00
4�47
0�93
0�45
0�00
0�00
1�84

3�21
1�94
4�45
4�20
42�62
1�56
1�14
2�79
17�56
25�87
2�19
26�54
0�13
2�58
1�66
0�16
3�19
0�03
5�61
9�81
9�10
5�07
5�84
1�03
1�62
11�66
19�39
15�63

0�00
0�07
0�19
4�35
6�03
0�00
2�85
0�01
0�02
0�01
1�23
4�54
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
1�41
0�00
33�17
1�04
3�51
0�00
8�52
0�01
0�12
0�00
0�00
36�02

0�03
0�04
0�23
6�92
4�01
0�00
0�00
0�15
0�12
0�99
0�77
4�46
0�01
0�01
0�06
0�00
1�05
0�00
1�92
0�75
1�05
0�00
3�64
0�00
0�01
0�01
0�00
48�32

0�65
0�04
0�31
0�38
4�51
0�07
0�13
0�00
0�26
1�49
0�01
1�13
0�00
0�01
0�03
0�04
0�13
0�00
0�68
0�73
0�87
0�15
0�09
0�05
0�20
0�29
0�74
1�19

0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
4�15
0�74
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�73
0�11
0�00

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

* Primary production� recycled and recovered products�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.1.1  Production *

BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Nuclear

Renewables and Biofuels Oil and Petroleum Products

Solid Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Peat, Oil Shale and Oil Sands

PRODUCTION – BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (% OF TOTAL)

Total = 759.8 Mtoe

Nuclear

Solid Fossil Fuels

Renewables and Biofuels

Natural Gas

Oil and Petroleum Products

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Peat, Oil Shale and Oil Sands

0.8 %

1.9 %

9.8 %

27.7 %

13.6 %

29.8 %

16.4 %

* Primary production , recycled and recovered products�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

39

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.2  Net Imports

ALL FUELS

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
826�02
100 %

50�63
8�68
9�36
-7�47
204�85
1�64
12�41
21�64
100�37
132�66
4�10
152�44
2�58
2�36
4�30
3�64
13�87
1�47
34�99
19�17
9�60
22�21
8�04
3�40
11�54
18�55
19�29
-40�31

2005
985�93
119 %

53�42
9�56
12�68
-10�49
211�52
1�52
13�95
23�01
124�77
144�63
5�17
159�77
2�86
3�10
5�05
4�68
17�73
1�59
37�53
24�69
16�47
24�81
10�50
3�85
12�34
19�25
20�31
31�65

2010
957�61
116 %

53�63
7�23
11�54
-3�44
204�05
0�90
13�23
21�16
107�13
132�34
4�43
148�48
2�96
2�22
5�71
4�51
15�14
2�36
28�28
21�89
32�15
18�67
7�43
3�58
11�41
18�08
19�91
62�60

2015
905�80
110 %

49�97
6�85
13�49
2�37
198�46
0�55
12�71
18�22
95�42
120�39
4�15
121�42
2�47
2�37
5�48
4�01
13�58
2�23
42�67
20�30
28�68
18�48
5�24
3�24
9�78
15�80
14�69
72�78

2016
910�72
110 %

47�92
7�08
13�66
2�49
205�11
0�50
10�39
18�33
94�53
121�90
4�16
121�52
2�64
2�22
5�62
4�03
14�28
2�50
41�14
21�12
31�00
17�54
6�88
3�35
9�90
15�68
17�02
68�24

2017
947�78
115 %

47�99
7�50
16�15
2�19
207�37
0�25
9�94
18�74
101�91
125�18
4�73
124�56
2�71
2�12
5�71
4�14
16�69
3�03
46�60
22�19
40�36
19�78
7�74
3�49
11�18
15�07
14�04
66�42

NET IMPORTS – ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

40

 
2.1.2  Net Imports

BY FUEL

2017

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

s
t
r
o
p
m

I

t
e
N

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

s
l
e
u
F

947�8
100 %

100�4
10�6 %

543�3
57�3 %

296�1
31�2 %

47�99
7�50
16�15
2�19
207�37
0�25
9�94
18�74
101�91
125�18
4�73
124�56
2�71
2�12
5�71
4�14
16�69
3�03
46�60
22�19
40�36
19�78
7�74
3�49
11�18
15�07
14�04
66�42

2�94
0�57
0�47
1�79
32�30
0�01
1�22
0�23
10�91
10�10
0�40
9�36
0�01
0�04
0�18
0�05
0�99
0�00
9�22
3�07
-1�47
3�41
0�99
0�20
2�97
2�60
1�94
5�86

29�39
4�71
9�39
-0�29
110�65
0�59
7�21
13�62
63�18
80�08
2�69
52�82
2�65
1�82
2�97
2�75
6�58
2�69
39�50
11�37
29�80
11�35
5�85
2�56
3�60
8�67
11�31
25�77

14�25
2�70
7�33
-1�54
68�84
0�41
1�41
4�23
27�62
37�73
1�34
56�82
0�00
1�01
1�91
0�69
8�22
0�25
-1�36
7�01
12�01
5�44
0�93
0�73
4�37
1�92
0�94
30�90

6�6
0�7 %

0�88
-0�01
0�08
1�79
0�09
-0�52
0�17
0�13
-0�59
0�72
-0�30
2�31
0�04
-0�77
-0�12
0�12
-0�23
0�01
-1�24
0�15
-0�18
-0�23
0�20
0�05
-0�02
0�12
1�37
2�62

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

0�9
0�1 %

0�52
-0�47
-1�12
0�39
-4�51
-0�24
-0�06
0�54
0�79
-3�45
0�60
3�25
0�00
-0�01
0�75
0�53
1�11
0�07
0�30
0�56
0�20
-0�23
-0�25
-0�04
0�26
1�76
-1�63
1�27

41

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.2  Net Imports

BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Solid Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Electricity

Oil and Petroleum Products Renewables and Biofuels Heat

Waste, Non-Renewable 

NET IMPORTS – BY FUEL – EU-28 – 2017 (% TOTAL)

Total = 947.8 Mtoe

Solid Fossil Fuels

Oil and Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Renewables and Biofuels

Electricity

Heat 0%

Waste, Non-Renewable 0%

0.7 % 0.1 %

10.6 %

31.2 %

57.3 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

42

 
2.1.3  Gross Available Energy

ALL FUELS

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 773�99
100 %

2005
1 885�71
106 %

2010
1 817�61
102 %

2015
1 680�74
95 %

2016
1 692�91
95 %

2017
1 719�42
97 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

64�78
18�70
41�28
20�79
344�63
4�84
14�52
31�35
130�54
258�87
8�46
176�19
2�61
3�87
7�30
3�66
25�23
1�47
91�44
29�23
89�51
26�05
36�76
6�45
17�73
33�34
49�07
235�34

66�68
20�20
45�54
20�59
347�42
5�39
15�56
33�75
152�91
279�77
9�84
191�69
2�84
4�85
8�92
4�80
28�52
1�59
99�33
34�24
92�88
28�02
38�64
7�35
18�70
35�22
53�61
236�86

68�77
17�97
45�60
21�10
337�33
5�87
15�18
30�87
138�85
271�99
9�46
179�82
2�94
4�88
6�97
4�65
26�59
2�39
100�01
34�37
101�77
24�83
35�04
7�23
17�71
36�94
52�67
215�80

59�58
18�73
42�35
18�14
318�94
5�71
14�30
25�65
130�82
261�76
8�49
157�63
2�53
4�63
6�99
4�18
25�20
2�29
88�10
33�51
95�93
23�62
31�90
6�51
16�27
32�78
50�14
194�07

63�52
18�34
41�94
18�51
321�93
6�26
15�04
25�15
132�22
257�38
8�57
156�49
2�74
4�71
7�25
4�19
25�58
2�47
89�60
33�78
100�64
23�69
31�79
6�79
16�35
34�09
52�66
191�23

64�12
18�98
43�43
18�74
324�47
6�07
14�80
26�37
137�83
257�62
8�87
161�82
2�81
4�81
7�55
4�34
26�68
2�94
89�94
34�44
105�35
24�77
33�47
6�93
17�25
34�27
52�85
187�91

GROSS AVAILABLE ENERGY – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

43

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.4  Gross Inland Consumption

ALL FUELS

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 731�53
100 %

2005
1 836�47
106 %

2010
1 768�19
102 %

2015
1 638�72
95 %

2016
1 648�85
95 %

2017
1 674�92
97 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

59�44
18�64
41�28
19�50
342�43
4�73
14�37
27�74
124�52
256�05
8�44
174�54
2�42
3�86
7�20
3�66
25�23
0�81
78�28
29�21
89�23
25�38
36�76
6�45
17�73
32�66
47�71
233�26

59�05
20�08
45�54
19�82
344�93
5�27
15�46
30�88
144�99
277�21
9�81
189�45
2�55
4�59
8�78
4�80
28�52
0�94
83�71
34�21
92�56
27�44
38�64
7�32
18�70
34�71
51�68
234�83

61�17
17�87
45�60
20�41
334�55
5�66
15�10
28�16
130�43
269�70
9�46
176�84
2�76
4�63
6�83
4�65
26�59
0�94
86�15
34�35
101�56
24�37
35�02
7�22
17�71
36�72
50�71
213�02

53�75
18�64
42�35
17�37
316�52
5�43
14�14
23�87
123�34
260�12
8�49
155�73
2�29
4�38
6�91
4�18
25�20
0�76
76�15
33�49
95�74
22�98
31�85
6�44
16�27
32�48
48�31
191�54

56�86
18�26
41�94
17�84
319�11
5�99
14�89
23�43
124�70
255�90
8�56
154�28
2�46
4�39
7�08
4�19
25�58
0�72
77�74
33�76
100�46
22�92
31�76
6�67
16�35
33�80
50�66
188�56

56�63
18�90
43�43
18�21
322�18
5�76
14�65
24�23
131�15
255�97
8�87
159�51
2�56
4�55
7�37
4�34
26�68
0�83
78�28
34�42
105�08
23�99
33�45
6�78
17�25
33�92
50�47
185�47

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

44

 
2.1.4  Gross Inland Consumption

BY FUEL

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

2017

s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

s
l
e
u
F

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R
-
n
o
N

,

e
t
s
a
W

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

*
s
r
e
h
t
O

582�1
210�7
228�4
34�8 % 23�8 % 13�6 % 13�9 % 12�6 %

233�5

398�4

14�6
0�9 %

0�9
0�1 %

6�4
0�4 %

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

22�8
4�6
9�7
7�1
113�2
0�2
7�2
11�8
57�9
79�1
3�5
55�4
2�4
1�6
2�9
2�8
7�6
0�5
32�0
12�3
30�0
10�5
9�6
2�3
3�7
8�7
11�0
71�9

14�5
2�8
7�2
2�7
75�3
0�4
4�3
4�2
27�3
38�5
2�5
61�5
0�0
1�0
1�9
0�7
8�5
0�2
30�9
7�8
15�4
5�4
9�6
0�7
4�1
1�9
0�9
67�8

3�1
6�1
15�8
1�5
71�3
0�0
1�1
4�8
12�7
9�9
0�4
9�3
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
2�2
0�0
9�1
3�1
49�7
3�2
5�4
1�1
3�4
2�8
1�9
9�9

4�1
2�0
4�5
6�0
42�7
1�1
1�3
2�9
17�1
26�6
1�9
28�8
0�2
1�9
1�6
0�3
3�0
0�0
4�3
9�9
8�9
4�8
6�0
1�1
1�6
11�8
20�9
18�2

11�0
3�9
7�0
0�0
19�7
0�0
0�0
0�0
15�1
103�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�1
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�9
1�5
4�0
5�4
16�4
15�1

0�7
0�0
0�3
0�4
4�5
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�3
1�5
0�0
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�9
0�7
0�9
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�2
0�3
0�8
1�2

0�5
-0�5
-1�1
0�4
-4�5
-0�2
-0�1
0�5
0�8
-3�4
0�6
3�2
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�5
1�1
0�1
0�3
0�6
0�2
-0�2
-0�2
0�0
0�3
1�8
-1�6
1�3

* Others = manufactured gases, peat and peat products, oil shale and oil sands�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�2
0�7
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
0�1
0�0

45

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.4  Gross Inland Consumption

RENEWABLES AND BIOFUELS

2017

l

a
m
r
e
h
T

r
a
l
o
S

c
i
a
t
l
o
v
o
t
o
h
P

r
a
l
o
S

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

o
r
d
y
H

d
n
W

i

e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R
&

s
l
e
u
f
o
B

i

e
t
s
a
W

e
v
a
W

,

e
d
T

i

n
a
e
c
O
&

t
a
e
H
t
n
e
b
m
A

i

)
s
p
m
u
P

t
a
e
H
(

l

a
m
r
e
h
t
o
e
G

Mtoe
EU-28
11�1
9�8
Share (%) 100�0 % 11�1 % 13�3 % 4�2 % 2�0 % 0�0 % 61�7 % 2�9 % 4�8 %

144�1

233�5

31�2

25�9

4�6

0�0

6�8

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

4�09
1�95
4�52
5�98
42�71
1�06
1�32
2�92
17�08
26�59
1�89
28�82
0�17
1�94
1�56
0�27
2�95
0�04
4�27
9�94
8�92
4�83
6�04
1�08
1�59
11�77
20�92
18�24

0�02
0�24
0�16
0�00
1�73
0�00
0�06
0�34
1�61
4�30
0�46
3�11
0�00
0�38
0�05
0�01
0�02
0�00
0�01
3�30
0�22
0�51
1�25
0�33
0�37
1�27
5�60
0�51

0�56
0�13
0�05
1�27
9�09
0�06
0�64
0�48
4�22
2�12
0�10
1�53
0�02
0�01
0�12
0�02
0�07
0�00
0�91
0�57
1�28
1�05
0�64
0�00
0�00
0�41
1�51
4�30

0�28
0�12
0�19
0�06
3�39
0�00
0�00
0�34
0�73
0�82
0�01
2�10
0�01
0�00
0�01
0�01
0�03
0�01
0�19
0�11
0�01
0�09
0�16
0�02
0�04
0�00
0�02
0�99

0�03
0�02
0�02
0�06
0�68
0�00
0�01
0�27
2�62
0�17
0�01
0�21
0�07
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�00
0�03
0�18
0�05
0�09
0�00
0�01
0�01
0�00
0�01
0�05

0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�04
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00

3�14
1�31
3�98
4�36
26�50
1�00
0�61
1�19
7�28
16�42
1�31
13�73
0�06
1�54
1�39
0�23
2�68
0�01
2�89
5�53
7�27
2�90
3�96
0�66
1�16
9�54
12�23
11�22

0�00
0�03
0�00
0�00
0�26
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�02
0�41
0�01
5�50
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�13
0�00
0�07
0�04
0�02
0�20
0�04
0�05
0�01
0�00
0�00
0�00

0�05
0�09
0�12
0�22
1�07
0�00
0�00
0�29
0�59
2�29
0�00
2�65
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�01
0�18
0�22
0�06
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�55
1�55
1�17

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.1.4  Gross Inland Consumption

BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Oil and Petroleum Products Renewables and Biofuels

Electricity

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Others*

Solid Fossil Fuels

Waste, Non-Renewable

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – BY FUEL – EU-28 –  
2017 (% TOTAL)

Total = 1 674.9 Mtoe

Oil and Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Solid Fossil Fuels

Renewables and Biofuels

Nuclear

Waste, Non-Renewable

Electricity

Others*

0.1 %

0.4 %

0.9 %

12.6 %

34.8 %

13.9 %

13.6 %

23.8 %

* Others = manufactured gases, peat and peat products, oil shale and oil sands�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

47

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.5  Total Energy Supply

ALL FUELS

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 692�26
100 %

2005
1 793�04
106 %

2010
1 725�11
102 %

2015
1 592�47
94 %

2016
1 600�86
95 %

2017
1 623�77
96 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

57�93
18�56
41�11
18�72
335�81
4�71
13�77
26�91
121�74
250�83
8�38
171�71
2�14
3�84
7�18
3�34
24�99
0�68
74�98
28�65
88�95
24�71
36�63
6�42
17�70
32�31
46�99
222�56

57�89
19�90
45�22
18�97
337�48
5�22
14�64
30�08
141�82
271�78
9�73
186�45
2�24
4�53
8�73
4�37
28�26
0�85
80�07
33�57
92�23
26�68
38�51
7�30
18�66
34�29
51�03
222�54

59�80
17�71
45�29
19�60
326�61
5�62
14�36
27�48
127�31
264�19
9�36
173�68
2�47
4�51
6�78
4�21
26�36
0�84
82�74
33�68
101�05
23�49
34�86
7�19
17�67
36�19
50�00
202�07

52�31
18�47
42�05
16�48
308�51
5�38
13�30
23�04
119�38
253�78
8�37
152�56
2�05
4�27
6�83
3�72
25�03
0�64
72�35
32�79
95�09
21�93
31�62
6�42
16�22
31�84
47�55
180�47

55�42
18�05
41�62
16�89
310�49
5�95
14�02
22�55
120�50
249�61
8�44
150�98
2�18
4�27
6�99
3�69
25�39
0�59
73�84
32�99
99�77
21�77
31�47
6�65
16�30
33�16
49�82
177�46

55�05
18�66
43�08
17�23
312�66
5�70
13�64
23�24
126�57
249�54
8�72
156�09
2�25
4�41
7�27
3�76
26�46
0�69
74�27
33�69
104�23
22�71
33�11
6�75
17�21
33�24
49�57
173�98

TOTAL ENERGY SUPPLY – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

48

 
2.2  Energy Imports

2.2.1 

Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
125�4
100 %

2005
148�8
119 %

2010
130�9
104 %

2015
127�7
102 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

8�43
2�38
1�04
3�86
22�22
0�07
1�70
0�81
13�35
13�38
0�48
13�23
0�03
0�06
0�08
0�11
1�21
0�00
8�13
3�07
1�02
3�97
1�92
0�25
3�47
3�56
2�36
15�23

6�01
2�56
1�34
3�56
26�58
0�04
1�91
0�40
14�83
13�98
0�62
16�53
0�04
0�08
0�17
0�08
1�46
0�00
8�46
4�05
2�15
3�23
2�93
0�33
3�90
3�36
2�48
27�76

4�39
1�75
2�36
2�68
32�59
0�05
0�96
0�40
7�85
12�25
0�70
14�00
0�01
0�11
0�19
0�07
1�41
0�00
7�76
3�38
8�27
1�63
1�22
0�28
3�22
3�99
2�46
16�92

3�31
0�76
2�84
1�60
37�48
0�00
1�48
0�16
10�95
9�21
0�62
12�58
0�00
0�04
0�15
0�05
1�11
0�00
10�70
2�82
5�06
3�21
1�05
0�20
2�82
2�59
1�98
14�95

2016
115�4
92 %

3�05
0�56
2�97
1�68
39�67
0�01
1�15
0�19
8�09
8�61
0�66
10�96
0�00
0�04
0�15
0�05
1�08
0�00
10�23
2�89
5�04
2�91
1�03
0�20
2�74
2�79
2�22
6�41

2017
115�4
92 %

3�01
0�58
3�01
1�79
33�80
0�02
1�23
0�23
11�15
10�11
0�40
9�59
0�01
0�04
0�18
0�05
1�26
0�00
9�41
3�11
7�88
3�41
0�99
0�20
3�02
2�70
1�96
6�23

IMPORTS – SOLID FOSSIL FUELS – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

200

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

49

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.1 

Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels

HARD COAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
114�2
100 %

2005
138�4
121 %

2010
120�9
106 %

2015
119�0
104 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

7�46
2�25
0�63
3�82
17�39
0�06
1�68
0�81
13�25
12�33
0�44
12�87
0�03
0�05
0�01
0�10
0�88
0�00
7�74
2�32
1�01
3�97
1�65
0�01
3�15
3�21
2�14
14�90

5�70
2�49
0�76
3�54
23�93
0�04
1�88
0�40
14�74
12�85
0�57
15�94
0�04
0�07
0�00
0�07
1�00
0�00
8�19
3�00
2�05
3�22
2�05
0�03
3�48
3�01
2�22
27�11

4�09
1�70
1�41
2�67
29�33
0�05
0�95
0�40
7�71
11�30
0�64
13�81
0�01
0�11
0�11
0�06
1�28
0�00
7�52
2�45
8�16
1�63
0�14
0�02
2�57
3�68
2�29
16�84

2�78
0�70
1�96
1�59
35�35
0�00
1�47
0�16
10�73
8�79
0�58
11�92
0�00
0�04
0�14
0�04
0�97
0�00
10�63
2�10
4�91
3�20
0�08
0�01
2�53
2�28
1�92
14�14

2016
107�4
94 %

2�46
0�50
2�22
1�67
37�91
0�01
1�15
0�19
7�97
8�26
0�63
10�24
0�00
0�04
0�13
0�05
0�97
0�00
10�14
2�26
4�88
2�90
0�10
0�01
2�46
2�56
2�16
5�52

2017
107�7
94 %

2�42
0�54
2�43
1�79
32�13
0�02
1�22
0�23
10�98
9�69
0�35
9�13
0�01
0�04
0�16
0�04
1�09
0�00
9�30
2�43
7�65
3�40
0�12
0�01
2�64
2�53
1�89
5�52

IMPORTS – SOLID FOSSIL FUELS – HARD COAL –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

200

150

100

50

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

50

 
2.2.1 

Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels

RANKING

Mtoe and %

2000

Top 10 Ranking

MS

Imports

2017

MS

Imports

Solid Fossil Fuels
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 5 Total

Total EU-28

Of which: Hard Coal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 5 Total

DE
UK
FR
ES
IT
BE
NL
PT
DK
FI

DE
UK
ES
IT
FR
NL
BE
PT
DK
FI

EU-28 
Share

17�7 %
12�1 %
10�7 %
10�6 %
10�5 %
6�7 %
6�5 %
3�2 %
3�1 %
2�8 %
61�7 %

22�2
15�2
13�4
13�3
13�2
8�4
8�1
4�0
3�9
3�6
77�4

125�4 100�0 %

17�4
14�9
13�3
12�9
12�3
7�7
7�5
4�0
3�8
3�2
70�7

15�2 %
13�0 %
11�6 %
11�3 %
10�8 %
6�8 %
6�5 %
3�5 %
3�3 %
2�8 %
62�0 %

EU-28 
Share

29�3 %
9�7 %
8�8 %
8�3 %
8�2 %
6�8 %
5�4 %
3�0 %
2�7 %
2�6 %
64�2 %

33�8
11�2
10�1
9�6
9�4
7�9
6�2
3�4
3�1
3�0
74�1

115�4 100�0 %

32�1
11�0
9�7
9�3
9�1
7�7
5�5
3�4
2�6
2�5
71�2

29�8 %
10�2 %
9�0 %
8�6 %
8�5 %
7�1 %
5�1 %
3�2 %
2�4 %
2�3 %
66�1 %

DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
PL
UK
PT
AT
SK

DE
ES
FR
NL
IT
PL
UK
PT
SK
FI

Total EU-28

114�2 100�0 %

107�7 100�0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

51

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.1 

Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels

BY MEMBER STATE – TOP 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

DE

ES

FR

IT

NL

PL

UK

PT

AT

SK

CZ

BE

FI

SE

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0                              10                             20                              30                              40

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

52

 
2.2.1 

Imports – Solid Fossil Fuels

BY MEMBER STATE – LEAST 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

DK

HU

IE

RO

BG

HR

EL

SI

LT

LU

LV

EE

CY

MT

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0             1               2               3              4               5               6               7               8

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

53

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
870�2
100 %

52�91
6�10
8�57
9�93
148�18
0�93
9�63
23�32
79�21
112�87
4�20
109�73
2�54
1�35
5�46
2�39
7�00
1�47
104�61
12�45
21�78
17�62
6�36
2�69
5�56
15�65
26�83
70�90

2005
961�4
110 %

58�44
7�85
10�96
8�79
150�88
1�16
10�35
25�94
88�65
123�35
5�52
108�25
2�81
2�29
9�63
3�16
9�11
1�59
125�35
15�47
24�96
19�52
9�58
2�85
6�82
16�04
28�07
83�99

2010
920�1
106 %

56�76
7�76
10�61
9�52
130�79
1�16
9�21
26�46
81�34
106�30
4�97
96�89
2�93
1�94
10�25
2�86
8�53
2�38
146�70
13�96
29�22
15�39
8�11
3�29
6�85
16�31
28�34
81�22

2015
943�8
108 %

59�85
8�99
11�17
13�99
130�77
1�68
9�27
30�77
84�78
103�14
4�54
80�73
2�46
2�76
11�17
2�62
9�33
2�67
156�61
14�03
32�54
18�10
9�54
4�09
7�57
16�53
28�43
85�69

2016
950�3
109 %

58�81
9�08
10�30
13�17
132�20
1�82
9�12
32�14
86�57
99�19
4�69
81�77
2�61
2�80
11�60
2�65
9�22
2�64
156�90
13�94
32�62
17�77
10�32
4�61
7�56
18�47
31�01
86�76

2017
968�5
111 %

63�46
9�59
11�79
10�63
133�91
1�89
9�40
32�85
90�54
100�71
5�23
84�96
2�65
2�59
11�33
2�77
9�74
2�84
153�57
14�04
35�11
18�39
11�05
4�68
7�58
17�96
29�59
89�60

IMPORTS – OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

1 200

1 000

800

600

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

54

 
2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products

CRUDE OIL AND NGL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
611�4
100 %

34�16
5�31
5�65
3�81
104�75
0�00
3�01
19�10
58�57
85�45
3�96
83�64
1�17
0�00
4�92
0�00
5�79
0�00
61�06
7�43
18�28
11�73
4�81
0�12
5�28
11�86
20�83
50�67

2005
642�5
105 %

31�99
6�14
7�76
2�79
115�21
0�00
3�34
18�41
60�68
86�00
4�05
89�30
0�00
0�00
9�08
0�00
6�57
0�00
62�48
7�95
18�18
13�42
8�56
0�00
5�37
10�84
20�24
54�14

2010
578�8
95 %

33�48
5�52
7�83
2�79
94�69
0�00
3�11
19�82
53�46
65�48
3�60
78�60
0�00
0�00
9�20
0�00
5�84
0�00
61�05
6�90
23�03
11�48
5�76
0�00
5�48
11�44
20�00
50�21

2015
573�9
94 %

32�44
6�17
7�22
4�28
92�66
0�00
3�72
21�75
65�96
59�17
2�37
62�46
0�00
0�00
8�71
0�00
6�35
0�00
60�29
8�23
26�89
14�36
6�51
0�00
5�92
11�12
20�25
47�03

2016
565�8
93 %

32�20
6�29
5�39
3�94
92�63
0�00
3�27
23�10
65�39
56�89
2�56
60�88
0�00
0�00
9�42
0�00
6�04
0�00
61�79
7�44
24�94
14�12
7�37
0�00
5�81
12�41
19�83
44�07

2017
586�2
96 %

34�41
6�97
7�91
4�95
92�12
0�00
3�29
23�31
67�21
58�93
2�87
66�35
0�00
0�00
9�92
0�00
5�97
0�00
61�23
7�33
25�02
14�59
7�68
0�00
5�61
12�66
19�19
48�64

IMPORTS – OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS –  
CRUDE OIL AND NGL – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

700

600

500

400

300

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

55

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products

RANKING

Mtoe and %

2000

Top 10 Ranking

MS

Imports

Oil and Petroleum Products
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 5 Total

DE
FR
IT
NL
ES
UK
BE
SE
EL
PL

148�2
112�9
109�7
104�6
79�2
70�9
52�9
26�8
23�3
21�8
554�6

EU-28 
Share

17�0 %
13�0 %
12�6 %
12�0 %
9�1 %
8�1 %
6�1 %
3�1 %
2�7 %
2�5 %
63�7 %

Total

870�2 100�0 %

Of which: Crude Oil and NGL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 5 Total

DE
FR
IT
NL
ES
UK
BE
SE
EL
PL

104�8
85�4
83�6
61�1
58�6
50�7
34�2
20�8
19�1
18�3
393�5

17�1 %
14�0 %
13�7 %
10�0 %
9�6 %
8�3 %
5�6 %
3�4 %
3�1 %
3�0 %
64�4 %

2017

MS

Imports

EU-28 
Share

15�9 %
13�8 %
10�4 %
9�3 %
9�3 %
8�8 %
6�6 %
3�6 %
3�4 %
3�1 %
58�7 %

153�6
133�9
100�7
90�5
89�6
85�0
63�5
35�1
32�8
29�6
568�3

968�5 100�0 %

92�1
67�2
66�3
61�2
58�9
48�6
34�4
25�0
23�3
19�2
345�8

15�7 %
11�5 %
11�3 %
10�4 %
10�1 %
8�3 %
5�9 %
4�3 %
4�0 %
3�3 %
59�0 %

NL
DE
FR
ES
UK
IT
BE
PL
EL
SE

DE
ES
IT
NL
FR
UK
BE
PL
EL
SE

Total

611�4 100�0 %

586�2 100�0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

56

 
 
2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products

BY MEMBER STATE – TOP 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

NL

DE

FR

ES

UK

IT

BE

PL

EL

SE

PT

FI

AT

CZ

0                              50                            100                             150                          200

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

57

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.2 

Imports – Oil and Petroleum Products

BY MEMBER STATE – LEAST 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

LT

RO

DK

HU

BG

IE

SK

HR

SI

MT

LU

CY

LV

EE

0                              5                                10                             15                              20

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

58

 
2.2.3 

Imports – Natural Gas

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
242�43
100 %

2005
323�75
134 %

2010
366�96
151 %

2015
344�35
142 %

2016
357�27
147 %

2017
392�14
162 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

13�28
2�74
7�48
0�00
61�09
0�66
2�48
1�69
15�47
36�46
0�91
47�05
0�00
1�11
2�06
0�67
7�35
0�00
12�47
5�32
6�64
2�04
2�71
0�82
5�71
3�43
0�78
2�01

14�82
2�46
7�60
0�00
78�90
0�80
3�01
2�33
30�25
41�62
0�93
60�16
0�00
1�43
2�49
1�18
9�81
0�00
16�44
8�04
8�57
3�89
4�19
0�93
6�05
3�61
0�84
13�42

19�55
2�13
6�98
0�14
78�80
0�56
4�48
3�23
31�95
42�11
0�87
61�72
0�00
0�90
2�48
1�20
7�91
0�00
18�45
10�19
8�91
4�50
1�82
0�86
5�00
3�84
1�47
46�92

15�32
2�52
6�16
0�59
85�92
0�39
3�62
2�67
28�18
39�38
0�87
50�18
0�00
1�08
2�14
0�77
5�68
0�00
29�24
9�77
9�99
4�07
0�16
0�66
3�69
2�24
0�72
38�34

14�96
2�59
6�72
0�61
81�61
0�43
1�70
3�46
28�19
41�23
1�05
53�47
0�00
0�92
1�89
0�71
7�23
0�00
33�06
11�86
12�19
4�26
1�18
0�70
3�62
2�06
0�82
40�76

14�90
2�72
7�33
0�46
95�74
0�41
1�41
4�23
30�13
43�16
1�51
57�04
0�00
1�01
2�08
0�69
11�16
0�25
38�80
11�54
13�03
5�44
0�95
0�73
4�37
1�92
0�94
40�18

IMPORTS – NATURAL GAS – TOTAL – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

500

400 

300  

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

59

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.3 

Imports – Natural Gas

RANKING

Mtoe and %

2000

2017

EU-28 Ranking

MS

Imports

EU-28 
Share

MS

Imports

EU-28 
Share

Natural Gas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Top 5 Total

Total

DE
IT
FR
ES
BE
NL
CZ
HU
PL
SK
AT
FI
BG
RO
IE
LT
PT
UK
EL
LV
HR
SI
SE
LU
EE
DK
CY
MT

61�1
47�0
36�5
15�5
13�3
12�5
7�5
7�3
6�6
5�7
5�3
3�4
2�7
2�7
2�5
2�1
2�0
2�0
1�7
1�1
0�9
0�8
0�8
0�7
0�7
0�0
0�0
0�0
173�3

25�2 %
19�4 %
15�0 %
6�4 %
5�5 %
5�1 %
3�1 %
3�0 %
2�7 %
2�4 %
2�2 %
1�4 %
1�1 %
1�1 %
1�0 %
0�9 %
0�8 %
0�8 %
0�7 %
0�5 %
0�4 %
0�3 %
0�3 %
0�3 %
0�3 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
71�5 %

DE
IT
FR
UK
NL
ES
BE
PL
AT
HU
CZ
PT
SK
EL
BG
LT
FI
HR
IE
LV
RO
SE
SI
LU
DK
EE
MT
CY

95�7
57�0
43�2
40�2
38�8
30�1
14�9
13�0
11�5
11�2
7�3
5�4
4�4
4�2
2�7
2�1
1�9
1�5
1�4
1�0
1�0
0�9
0�7
0�7
0�5
0�4
0�3
0�0
274�9

24�4 %
14�5 %
11�0 %
10�2 %
9�9 %
7�7 %
3�8 %
3�3 %
2�9 %
2�8 %
1�9 %
1�4 %
1�1 %
1�1 %
0�7 %
0�5 %
0�5 %
0�4 %
0�4 %
0�3 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�0 %
70�1 %

242�4 100�0 %

392�1 100�0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

60

 
 
2.2.3 

Imports – Natural Gas

BY MEMBER STATE – TOP 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

DE

IT

FR

UK

NL

ES

BE

PL

AT

HU

CZ

PT

SK

EL

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0                              25                             50                              75                             100

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

61

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.3 

Imports – Natural Gas

BY MEMBER STATE – LEAST 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

BG

LT

FI

HR

IE

LV

RO

SE

SI

LU

DK

EE

MT

CY

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0                1                 2                  3                 4                 5                  6                 7

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

62

 
2.2.4 

Imports – Electricity

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
22�9
100 %

2005
28�8
126 %

2010
25�7
112 %

2015
35�3
154 %

2016
32�9
144 %

2017
33�1
145 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

1�00
0�08
0�75
0�72
3�88
0�03
0�01
0�15
1�05
0�32
0�38
3�85
0�00
0�18
0�44
0�55
0�82
0�00
1�97
1�19
0�28
0�40
0�07
0�36
0�51
1�05
1�57
1�23

1�23
0�07
1�06
1�11
4�89
0�03
0�18
0�48
0�88
0�69
0�75
4�32
0�00
0�25
0�49
0�55
1�34
0�00
2�04
1�75
0�43
0�83
0�20
0�80
0�69
1�54
1�25
0�96

1�07
0�10
0�57
0�91
3�69
0�09
0�07
0�73
0�45
1�67
1�07
3�95
0�00
0�34
0�70
0�63
0�85
0�00
1�34
1�71
0�54
0�50
0�07
0�74
0�63
1�35
1�28
0�61

2�04
0�37
1�39
1�35
3�18
0�47
0�15
0�95
1�29
0�86
1�13
4�37
0�00
0�45
0�68
0�65
1�71
0�09
2�64
2�53
1�24
0�69
0�39
0�78
1�29
1�85
0�80
1�97

1�26
0�39
1�19
1�29
2�44
0�31
0�07
0�85
1�88
1�71
1�07
3�71
0�00
0�42
0�95
0�66
1�54
0�13
2�09
2�27
1�21
0�40
0�36
0�72
1�14
1�90
1�23
1�72

1�22
0�32
1�30
1�31
2�39
0�20
0�10
0�75
2�04
1�82
1�05
3�69
0�00
0�35
1�03
0�65
1�70
0�08
1�93
2�52
1�14
0�47
0�42
0�79
1�34
1�91
1�02
1�56

IMPORTS – ELECTRICITY – TOTAL – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

40

30

20

10

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

63

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.4 

Imports – Electricity

RANKING

Mtoe and %

2000

2017

EU-28 Ranking

MS

Imports

EU-28 
Share

MS

Imports

EU-28 
Share

Electricity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Top 5 Total

Total

DE
IT
NL
SE
UK
AT
ES
FI
BE
HU
CZ
DK
LU
SK
LT
PT
HR
SI
FR
PL
LV
EL
BG
RO
EE
IE
CY
MT

3�88
3�85
1�97
1�57
1�23
1�19
1�05
1�05
1�00
0�82
0�75
0�72
0�55
0�51
0�44
0�40
0�38
0�36
0�32
0�28
0�18
0�15
0�08
0�07
0�03
0�01
0�00
0�00
12�5

17�0 %
16�8 %
8�6 %
6�9 %
5�4 %
5�2 %
4�6 %
4�6 %
4�4 %
3�6 %
3�3 %
3�2 %
2�4 %
2�2 %
1�9 %
1�8 %
1�6 %
1�6 %
1�4 %
1�2 %
0�8 %
0�6 %
0�4 %
0�3 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
54�7 %

IT
AT
DE
ES
NL
FI
FR
HU
UK
SK
DK
CZ
BE
PL
HR
LT
SE
SI
EL
LU
PT
RO
LV
BG
EE
IE
MT
CY

3�69
2�52
2�39
2�04
1�93
1�91
1�82
1�70
1�56
1�34
1�31
1�30
1�22
1�14
1�05
1�03
1�02
0�79
0�75
0�65
0�47
0�42
0�35
0�32
0�20
0�10
0�08
0�00
12�6

11�1 %
7�6 %
7�2 %
6�2 %
5�8 %
5�8 %
5�5 %
5�1 %
4�7 %
4�0 %
4�0 %
3�9 %
3�7 %
3�4 %
3�2 %
3�1 %
3�1 %
2�4 %
2�3 %
2�0 %
1�4 %
1�3 %
1�1 %
1�0 %
0�6 %
0�3 %
0�2 %
0�0 %
38�0 %

22�9 100�0 %

33�1 100�0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

64

 
 
2.2.4 

Imports – Electricity

BY MEMBER STATE – TOP 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

IT

AT

DE

ES

NL

FI

FR

HU

UK

SK

DK

CZ

BE

PL

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0                      1                    2                    3                   4                    5                     6

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

65

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.4 

Imports – Electricity

BY MEMBER STATE – LEAST 14 IMPORTERS
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

HR

LT

SE

SI

EL

LU

PT

RO

LV

BG

EE

IE

MT

CY

1990

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0                             0�5                             1�0                             1�5                             2�0

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

66

 
2.2.5 

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – HARD COAL
TOP 15 EXTRA-EU – (ORDERED BY 2017 VOLUME)

kton
Russia
Colombia
United States
Australia
South Africa
Indonesia
Canada
Not specified
Mozambique
Kazakhstan
Ukraine
Chile
Venezuela
Norway
China including Hong Kong
Other extra-EU

kton

Extra-EU

Intra-EU
Total Intra-EU and 
Extra-EU

2000
14 670
20 215
19 723
27 678
39 222
7 242
6 308
5 193
107
0
2 058
0
3 536
774
1 722
527

2005
46 973
21 651
15 572
26 892
49 206
13 996
6 623
3 356
0
932
4 209
0
1 988
1 045
520
151

2010
46 371
31 731
29 870
19 205
16 525
9 322
3 595
7 594
0
332
3 041
0
659
1 016
67
116

2015
51 934
38 721
25 637
19 460
12 980
7 005
3 041
11 559
946
1 046
817
98
337
571
95
214

2016
47 544
32 664
20 455
25 226
8 151
5 189
3 622
7 895
1 180
1 538
552
45
81
455
55
-21

2017
61 261
26 626
26 582
18 546
7 644
5 332
3 991
2 790
1 931
1 113
513
370
232
208
136
163

148 975 193 114 169 443 174 460 154 630 157 439

30 066

25 650

21 599

14 574

14 124

14 762

179 041 218 764 191 042 189 034 168 754 172 201

EU-28 – HARD COAL – IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU 
(1990-2017) TOP 5 ORDERED BY 2017 VOLUME (kton)

70 000

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Russia

Colombia

United States

Australia

South Africa

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

67

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.5 

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – CRUDE OIL AND NGL
TOP 15 EXTRA-EU – (ORDERED BY 2017 VOLUME)

kton
Russia
Norway
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Saudi Arabia
Nigeria
Iran
Libya
Azerbaijan
Algeria
Mexico
United States
Kuwait
Brazil
Angola
Other extra-EU

kton

Extra-EU

Intra-EU
Total Intra-EU and 
Extra-EU
Mio barrels

Extra-EU

Intra-EU
Total Intra-EU and 
Extra-EU

2010

2015

2016

2000

2005

2017
120 160 191 427 182 844 153 914 166 887 163 430
65 102
115 801
43 952
31 317
40 188
9 993
35 643
65 089
34 493
22 530
28 414
35 460
28 143
45 881
24 201
3 712
17 135
21 129
11 530
9 770
10 395
0
8 819
9 741
6 188
133
5 525
3 861
24 375
48 029

66 773
40 350
35 185
41 728
44 191
0
12 816
27 297
24 403
12 980
1 920
6 649
3 009
22 128
41 681

68 136
42 990
35 665
40 516
29 676
14 975
12 690
23 694
16 236
13 461
4 849
7 369
4 654
13 198
34 214

97 566
12 290
26 349
60 740
18 617
35 547
50 665
7 255
22 591
10 647
0
7 618
2 658
7 065
32 980

73 347
16 945
29 654
30 759
21 779
29 671
53 715
22 922
8 160
6 782
28
3 420
4 826
8 479
37 433

542 607 584 015 530 764 535 025 529 208 547 532

62 250

48 062

39 480

30 266

28 143

29 828

604 857 632 077 570 244 565 291 557 351 577 359

3 978

4 282

3 891

3 922

3 880

4 014

456

352

289

222

206

219

4 434

4 634

4 180

4 144

4 086

4 233

EU-28 – CRUDE OIL AND NGL – IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU  
(1990-2017) TOP 5 ORDERED BY 2017 VOLUME (kton)

240 000

200 000

160 000

120 000

80 000

40 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Russia

Norway

Iraq

Kazakhstan

Saudi Arabia

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

68

 
2.2.5 

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – NATURAL GAS
TOP 8 EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS – (ORDERED BY 2017 VOLUME)

TJ (GCV)
Russia
Norway
Not specified
Algeria
Qatar
Nigeria
Libya
Peru
Other extra-EU

2016

2015

2010

2005

2000

957 962

937 384

334 765

2017
4 582 197 5 207 617 4 555 369 4 779 615 5 832 610 6 285 659
1 921 076 3 040 082 3 984 437 4 064 455 3 669 894 4 112 605
808 806 1 851 491 2 385 472
2 203 075 2 256 826 1 986 974 1 369 376 1 825 182 1 731 246
842 628
406 607
176 820
150 904
169 509

195 713 1 383 263
576 236
436 319
381 660
209 499
0
3 254
437 988
505 352

972 668
250 982
269 748
42 295
103 945

829 672
294 137
184 404
76 773
77 088

12 443
172 020
33 442
0
85 416

Extra-EU

9 344 434 12 788 792 14 267 143 12 661 888 14 641 252 16 261 448

Intra-EU
Total Intra-EU 
and Extra-EU
Mio m3 
Russia
Norway
Not specified
Algeria
Qatar
Nigeria
Libya
Peru
Other extra-EU

1 933 308 2 272 266 2 803 992 3 357 170 1 978 991 1 980 742

11 277 742 15 061 058 17 071 135 16 019 058 16 620 242 18 242 190

120 699
47 879
8 126
55 513
309
4 385
830
0
2 174

136 283
79 256
23 866
57 004
4 859
10 586
5 445
0
12 713

119 665
102 695
24 111
50 360
34 996
14 025
9 980
82
10 919

124 347
105 384
20 792
34 217
24 752
6 213
7 080
1 042
2 650

151 790
95 085
47 655
46 119
20 930
7 268
4 840
1 903
1 951

163 200
107 256
65 607
43 827
21 399
10 009
4 641
3 730
4 282

Extra-EU

239 915

330 012

366 833

326 476

377 540

423 951

Intra-EU
Total Intra-EU 
and Extra-EU

54 625

60 169

74 336

88 369

53 246

53 871

294 540

390 181

441 169

414 845

430 786

477 823

EU-28 – NATURAL GAS – IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU  
(1990-2017) TOP 5 BY 2017 VOLUME (Mio m³)

160 000

120 000

80 000

40 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Russia

Norway

Not specified

Algeria

Qatar

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

69

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3  Energy Import Dependency

2.3.1 

Import Dependency – All Fuels *
(%)

Imports from Extra-EU
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
46�6
100�0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

78�2
46�4
22�7
-35�9
59�4
33�8
85�4
69�0
76�9
51�2
48�5
86�5
98�6
61�0
58�9
99�6
55�0
100�2
38�3
65�6
10�7
85�3
21�9
52�8
65�1
55�6
39�3
-17�1

2005
52�3
112�3

80�1
47�3
27�8
-50�9
60�9
28�2
89�6
68�2
81�6
51�7
52�6
83�3
100�7
63�8
56�6
97�4
62�2
100�0
37�8
72�1
17�7
88�6
27�2
52�5
66�0
54�7
37�9
13�4

2010
52�7
113�1

78�0
40�2
25�3
-16�3
60�5
15�3
87�2
68�6
77�2
48�7
46�8
82�6
100�8
45�5
81�9
97�0
56�9
99�0
28�3
63�7
31�6
75�2
21�2
49�5
64�4
48�9
37�8
29�0

2015
53�9
115�7

83�9
36�5
31�9
13�0
62�2
9�6
88�9
71�0
72�9
46�0
48�9
77�0
97�7
51�2
78�4
95�9
53�9
97�3
48�4
60�6
29�9
78�2
16�4
49�7
60�1
48�2
29�3
37�5

2016
53�8
115�5

75�4
38�6
32�6
13�4
63�7
7�9
69�1
72�9
71�5
47�4
48�5
77�7
96�2
47�2
77�6
96�1
55�8
101�1
45�9
62�5
30�8
74�0
21�6
49�3
60�6
46�0
32�3
35�7

2017
55�1
118�4

74�8
39�5
37�2
11�7
63�9
4�1
67�1
71�1
73�9
48�6
53�3
77�0
96�3
44�1
75�6
95�4
62�6
102�9
51�8
64�4
38�3
79�9
23�1
50�4
64�8
44�0
26�6
35�3

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter�
Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

70

2.3.2 

Import Dependency – By Fuel
EU-28 – IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU – 1990-2017 (%)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

All Fuels

of Solid Fossil Fuels

of Hard Coal

of Crude and NGL

of Natural Gas

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

71

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3.3 

Import Dependency – Solid Fossil Fuels *
(%)

Imports from Extra-EU
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
31�0
100�0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

91�2
35�2
-22�0
94�9
25�6
125�2
93�3
8�5
61�3
86�3
110�9
104�6
102�0
84�1
101�7
100�0
28�1
0�0
99�4
83�9
-29�0
102�9
25�5
18�8
80�2
97�6
105�4
39�6

2005
40�1
129�6

101�3
36�9
-16�2
94�4
31�7
88�4
100�8
4�1
70�3
94�4
91�3
99�4
121�1
97�7
101�0
100�0
42�5
0�0
101�3
100�0
-23�8
96�3
33�2
21�0
88�3
102�0
105�9
72�3

2010
39�6
127�9

97�5
24�5
-15�3
69�4
40�0
132�6
77�7
5�1
92�8
101�0
102�5
100�8
65�6
106�5
95�7
100�0
41�9
0�0
101�4
100�0
-5�0
98�3
16�9
19�3
75�7
86�3
113�7
50�3

2015
42�7
137�8

96�9
11�2
-1�8
85�0
45�4
-6�8
103�1
2�8
75�4
98�4
103�0
100�2
100�0
85�2
90�6
100�0
33�7
0�0
96�5
86�5
-11�4
98�5
16�7
19�1
84�5
92�4
97�4
59�2

2016
41�5
133�9

94�6
9�8
-1�3
84�6
49�6
70�1
83�6
4�4
71�7
93�7
102�0
97�5
0�0
85�9
91�8
100�0
32�5
0�0
99�6
96�0
-11�7
102�3
19�5
17�3
83�3
85�7
115�7
49�2

2017
43�9
141�8

95�4
9�4
3�0
115�9
45�3
87�2
111�0
4�8
85�6
101�9
100�7
100�2
326�4
88�5
107�8
100�0
44�1
0�0
100�8
99�8
-3�0
105�6
18�4
17�4
87�8
91�6
101�3
59�2

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter�
Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

72

2.3.4 

Import Dependency – Hard Coal *
(%)

Imports from Extra-EU
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
42�6
100�0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

93�5
101�0
-56�4
94�8
39�2
116�1
93�1
105�8
71�5
87�2
112�8
105�7
102�0
82�5
100�0
100�0
96�4
0�0
98�9
91�6
-29�9
103�4
96�3
118�2
103�8
97�7
107�7
39�4

2005
55�8
130�9

102�0
94�0
-49�4
94�3
57�7
96�4
100�8
112�4
79�1
92�8
90�6
99�7
121�2
96�7
100�0
100�0
108�3
0�0
100�0
107�1
-21�3
96�3
103�1
100�0
105�2
102�6
104�3
71�6

2010
56�5
132�6

100�0
86�0
-53�9
69�3
73�2
118�3
77�5
100�5
95�7
100�6
102�7
101�4
65�4
106�6
109�7
100�0
99�2
0�0
101�6
97�4
3�7
98�3
88�4
135�3
91�9
85�5
115�2
50�5

2015
62�3
146�1

96�1
96�1
-8�6
85�0
87�6
24�1
103�1
91�5
79�6
97�0
102�4
100�5
100�0
85�2
90�1
100�0
99�2
0�0
96�5
84�2
-2�4
98�5
96�9
124�2
97�5
89�8
99�6
58�0

2016
61�4
144�1

94�0
83�6
-3�8
84�6
94�7
85�2
83�5
93�7
74�3
92�9
102�5
98�0
0�0
85�9
91�5
100�0
99�0
0�0
99�2
96�6
-2�1
102�3
115�4
118�2
97�2
83�4
116�8
45�0

2017
67�0
157�3

94�4
96�7
17�8
116�0
93�4
93�8
111�4
109�3
89�0
100�4
100�9
100�2
326�4
88�5
109�0
100�0
101�7
0�0
101�4
106�1
7�2
105�6
102�2
100�7
100�1
90�3
105�3
56�1

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter�
Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

73

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3.5 

Import Dependency –  
Oil and Petroleum Products *
(%)

Imports from Extra-EU
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
75�3
100�0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

100�2
96�0
95�3
-84�1
94�6
101�5
98�8
100�2
101�0
99�5
61�0
96�1
100�3
94�9
101�0
102�1
75�9
100�2
97�4
89�1
99�7
99�4
34�4
101�5
92�5
104�1
100�8
-54�4

2005
82�3
109�2

100�8
102�5
97�5
-104�4
97�3
98�8
100�0
97�7
101�2
99�5
79�4
91�8
102�3
102�2
93�4
99�4
81�6
100�0
96�2
92�1
98�4
102�3
37�5
101�2
97�3
99�1
103�9
-3�1

2010
84�7
112�4

101�3
101�9
96�5
-44�3
96�8
95�8
97�5
98�6
99�9
98�0
80�6
93�6
104�2
94�4
98�7
99�3
85�3
99�2
94�2
90�4
98�2
97�5
51�8
99�2
98�4
92�3
93�7
14�1

2015
89�2
118�4

103�8
101�8
97�8
5�3
96�5
101�6
104�6
105�5
102�1
98�7
81�4
89�4
102�8
102�9
100�7
99�3
93�7
97�9
101�3
93�8
99�5
101�7
53�4
99�6
100�6
109�6
103�5
36�7

2016
87�1
115�6

98�7
100�5
97�3
2�5
96�4
101�5
99�1
99�6
99�2
97�7
79�0
90�9
100�7
109�1
97�9
100�0
89�7
101�8
95�2
91�8
95�0
98�7
56�5
100�3
102�0
97�6
96�2
34�0

2017
86�7
115�1

97�1
101�5
97�1
-3�9
95�8
115�2
98�3
98�0
97�9
99�2
77�1
91�5
100�9
100�1
96�3
99�7
86�6
104�2
90�5
92�2
98�6
100�2
60�6
103�3
97�5
96�4
84�5
34�7

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter�
Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

74

2.3.6 

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL *
(%)

Imports from Extra-EU
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
73�9
100�0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

100�2
98�7
95�3
-120�5
93�8
0�0
89�8
99�5
100�6
98�5
72�1
95�1
98�5
0�0
94�5
0�0
78�5
0�0
96�7
87�0
99�1
99�0
43�5
87�2
97�6
101�5
100�6
-47�9

2005
81�3
110�0

99�5
97�7
99�3
-141�3
97�3
0�0
98�9
95�2
100�1
98�2
78�9
94�0
0�0
0�0
95�3
0�0
81�4
0�0
96�7
88�8
97�3
100�2
61�3
0�0
97�7
97�5
100�4
-0�2

2010
84�5
114�4

99�9
99�1
97�5
-68�8
97�3
0�0
101�6
99�5
99�3
98�2
82�3
94�5
0�0
0�0
99�0
0�0
85�3
0�0
97�6
86�5
98�4
98�8
56�5
0�0
99�9
101�1
99�0
12�8

2015
88�5
119�7

100�0
100�5
98�4
-4�9
97�1
0�0
108�2
101�5
99�5
98�8
79�6
92�2
0�0
0�0
99�5
0�0
91�4
0�0
98�0
91�1
100�5
100�9
62�3
0�0
99�3
104�2
100�7
22�9

2016
87�4
118�3

99�7
99�0
97�7
-0�6
96�7
0�0
100�1
100�5
98�7
97�1
76�4
93�3
0�0
0�0
99�4
0�0
86�2
0�0
98�8
89�5
94�5
98�7
65�0
0�0
100�7
100�5
100�0
16�2

2017
88�1
119�2

100�1
101�1
99�1
9�7
97�4
0�0
91�7
97�8
99�9
99�3
79�3
93�6
0�0
0�0
99�5
0�0
86�0
0�0
97�6
89�1
97�2
100�4
66�7
0�0
99�5
98�9
97�2
17�4

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter�
Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

75

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3.7 

Import Dependency – Natural Gas *
(%)

Imports from Extra-EU
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
48�9
100�0

Intra and Extra-EU Imports
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

99�3
93�5
99�8
-64�8
79�1
100�0
72�1
99�1
101�6
100�0
41�0
81�1
0�0
101�9
100�0
100�0
75�4
0�0
-49�1
80�6
66�3
100�3
19�8
99�3
98�8
100�0
100�0
-10�7

2005
57�1
116�8

100�5
87�7
97�8
-113�9
79�6
100�0
86�1
99�1
101�4
99�3
23�7
84�7
0�0
105�6
100�7
100�0
81�1
0�0
-59�3
88�5
69�7
103�8
30�1
99�6
97�5
100�0
100�0
7�0

2010
62�5
127�9

100�3
92�6
84�8
-68�3
81�2
100�0
95�3
99�9
99�4
92�8
18�1
90�5
0�0
61�8
99�7
100�0
78�7
0�0
-60�4
75�3
69�3
100�4
16�8
99�3
99�9
100�0
100�0
40�0

2015
69�0
141�2

99�3
97�0
95�1
-48�2
90�1
100�0
96�3
99�9
96�9
98�5
27�1
90�4
0�0
98�6
99�7
100�0
69�7
0�0
-36�7
72�6
72�2
100�4
1�8
99�6
95�1
100�0
100�0
42�8

2016
70�4
144�1

100�6
96�5
95�7
-44�6
88�6
100�0
40�0
99�2
98�7
99�0
33�5
91�8
0�0
82�9
100�6
100�0
78�9
0�0
-32�8
85�8
78�4
98�6
13�0
99�4
92�8
100�0
100�0
46�5

2017
74�3
152�1

98�4
97�6
101�9
-56�2
91�4
100�0
32�7
100�5
101�3
98�0
53�8
92�3
0�0
102�0
99�3
100�0
96�2
105�2
-4�4
90�2
77�8
100�4
9�7
99�0
105�6
99�1
102�1
45�5

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter�
Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

76

2.4  Energy Transformation

2.4.1  Transformation Input – All Fuels

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 584�2
100 %

2005
1 663�9
105 %

2010
1 584�5
100 %

2015
1 520�0
96 %

2016
1 510�0
95 %

2017
1 528�4
96 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

68�63
18�61
31�82
18�07
292�34
3�51
8�59
35�80
115�66
234�01
7�71
163�61
2�08
1�39
9�28
0�20
19�87
0�50
104�43
20�35
72�87
20�97
29�11
3�11
16�91
32�31
52�05
200�45

67�24
20�99
37�02
16�33
313�05
3�84
8�85
35�59
127�33
242�41
7�88
176�39
1�09
1�66
14�58
0�69
21�66
0�61
111�74
22�52
72�56
22�98
32�20
3�41
18�73
33�98
55�51
193�08

68�48
18�78
37�45
16�67
290�97
4�83
8�53
35�28
122�35
227�60
6�78
161�45
1�21
1�49
12�28
0�74
23�01
0�58
113�01
22�57
79�71
20�72
26�03
3�41
17�34
38�69
54�86
169�71

60�75
19�68
34�65
17�86
280�80
4�61
8�55
40�12
133�65
212�91
5�40
136�66
0�97
1�39
11�59
0�43
18�92
0�28
118�04
23�07
83�13
25�25
26�06
2�95
17�09
32�79
56�92
145�46

62�99
19�45
32�36
19�06
282�10
4�78
8�70
41�62
131�20
206�11
5�99
134�47
1�06
1�53
12�44
0�34
18�19
0�19
119�57
22�43
82�26
25�59
25�54
3�10
16�80
35�45
56�99
139�71

65�13
20�11
34�93
17�87
280�26
5�25
8�68
44�42
136�36
207�05
6�09
139�37
1�07
1�62
12�59
0�36
18�08
0�31
120�39
23�10
82�27
26�87
26�10
3�23
16�99
35�43
57�07
137�37

TRANSFORMATION INPUT – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

77

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.4.2  Transformation Input – By Fuel

2017

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T

t
u
p
n
I

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

s
l
e
u
F

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

1 528�4
786�3
231�5
100�0 % 15�1 % 51�4 %

125�3
210�7
8�2 % 13�8 %

65�13
20�11
34�93
17�87
280�26
5�25
8�68
44�42
136�36
207�05
6�09
139�37
1�07
1�62
12�59
0�36
18�08
0�31
120�39
23�10
82�27
26�87
26�10
3�23
16�99
35�43
57�07
137�37

3�23
6�04
15�16
1�45
75�56
0�00
0�87
4�60
13�64
10�58
0�32
10�22
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
2�67
0�00
10�45
3�70
45�28
3�24
4�72
1�09
4�00
3�33
2�23
9�16

43�27
8�23
8�58
10�89
131�12
0�13
3�65
35�76
84�79
67�73
4�19
83�57
1�02
0�00
11�12
0�00
7�91
0�05
94�40
9�37
29�59
16�81
12�85
0�01
6�88
18�24
23�26
72�93

3�60
1�05
1�40
0�76
18�31
0�17
2�47
2�61
9�93
7�29
0�81
25�23
0�00
0�64
0�34
0�07
2�21
0�23
9�78
2�44
2�59
3�59
3�04
0�12
0�83
1�14
0�11
24�47

11�00
3�94
7�02
0�00
19�65
0�00
0�00
0�00
15�13
103�86
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
4�08
0�00
0�79
0�00
0�00
0�00
2�91
1�49
3�99
5�39
16�35
15�12

144�6
9�5 %

2�64
0�75
1�93
4�35
29�01
0�59
0�99
1�43
12�03
15�02
0�75
18�58
0�05
0�97
0�96
0�10
0�96
0�02
3�19
6�22
3�66
2�94
2�52
0�48
1�17
5�77
13�70
13�79

e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R
-
n
o
N

,

e
t
s
a
W

10�7
0�7 %

0�51
0�00
0�06
0�40
3�39
0�05
0�06
0�00
0�25
1�34
0�00
0�89
0�00
0�00
0�03
0�02
0�09
0�00
0�82
0�41
0�15
0�10
0�00
0�01
0�02
0�24
0�82
1�04

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.4.3  Transformation Input – By Sector

2017

s
r
o
t
c
e
S

l
l

A

,
l

a
t
o
T

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

s
r
e
c
u
d
o
r
P

1 528�4
100�0 %

474�4
31�0 %

s
r
e
c
u
d
o
r
P

t
a
e
H

21�5
1�4 %

s
r
e
c
u
d
o
r
P

P
H
C

166�0
10�9 %

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

65�13
20�11
34�93
17�87
280�26
5�25
8�68
44�42
136�36
207�05
6�09
139�37
1�07
1�62
12�59
0�36
18�08
0�31
120�39
23�10
82�27
26�87
26�10
3�23
16�99
35�43
57�07
137�37

15�47
9�55
9�45
1�34
92�23
2�59
4�46
7�55
46�12
121�63
0�89
31�12
1�05
0�39
0�24
0�07
4�38
0�30
12�28
6�22
2�38
7�98
9�42
1�85
1�57
7�93
23�49
52�48

0�00
0�25
0�72
0�97
4�08
0�42
0�00
0�00
0�00
2�16
0�05
0�39
0�00
0�45
0�61
0�01
0�77
0�00
0�40
1�07
2�79
0�00
0�46
0�05
0�29
1�55
1�44
2�55

2�60
1�35
11�50
4�39
28�70
0�52
0�30
2�34
4�17
5�90
0�89
24�18
0�01
0�75
0�52
0�11
3�38
0�00
9�02
2�63
35�99
1�63
3�02
1�26
5�03
5�56
5�69
4�57

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

&
m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P
-
b
u
S

,

s
e
i
r
e
n
i
f
e
R

769�4
50�3 %

43�23
8�06
8�53
10�80
129�39
0�09
3�62
34�34
81�55
66�05
4�13
79�41
0�00
0�00
11�09
0�00
7�88
0�00
93�77
9�11
29�17
16�56
12�56
0�00
6�66
17�99
23�15
72�32

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T

r
e
h
t
O

t
u
p
n
I

93�3
6�1 %

3�70
0�81
4�60
0�37
25�15
1�64
0�26
0�18
4�22
10�70
0�10
4�06
0�01
0�03
0�06
0�01
1�67
0�01
4�93
3�59
11�87
0�52
0�60
0�04
3�41
2�40
3�28
5�12

79

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.4.4  Transformation Output – All Fuels

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 179�4
100 %

2005
1 228�9
104 %

2010
1 182�6
100 %

2015
1 152�9
98 %

2016
1 155�6
98 %

2017
1 175�6
100 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

54�28
11�62
19�91
15�60
210�06
1�87
5�62
29�13
87�19
154�54
7�00
129�85
1�47
1�18
7�38
0�11
14�07
0�16
93�36
17�16
49�29
17�04
22�32
1�57
12�09
25�53
42�33
147�60

53�70
13�30
22�89
14�07
227�71
2�15
5�89
28�38
96�34
151�28
7�06
141�64
0�38
1�47
12�36
0�43
15�67
0�19
99�32
18�51
49�65
18�73
25�96
1�54
13�68
26�94
40�66
139�03

54�62
12�01
23�27
14�23
209�98
2�55
5�98
28�72
96�56
139�32
6�13
131�20
0�46
1�29
11�86
0�47
17�08
0�18
100�58
18�70
57�00
17�71
20�62
1�69
12�72
31�16
42�84
123�66

52�00
12�91
21�58
16�85
207�49
2�42
6�47
35�62
105�15
126�20
4�85
111�22
0�39
1�12
11�46
0�30
13�98
0�12
106�61
19�51
60�84
21�38
20�65
1�53
12�48
27�25
44�06
108�48

51�27
13�02
19�61
18�02
210�54
2�51
6�39
38�00
104�80
124�76
5�35
108�99
0�42
1�27
12�33
0�25
13�37
0�08
108�16
18�98
60�40
21�80
20�63
1�65
12�29
29�65
44�23
106�89

53�50
13�34
22�63
16�96
211�96
2�89
6�52
40�05
107�28
125�47
5�48
114�14
0�44
1�38
12�59
0�26
13�14
0�15
109�60
19�38
60�41
22�42
20�83
1�66
12�43
30�13
44�09
106�43

TRANSFORMATION OUTPUT – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

80

 
 
2.4.5  Transformation Output – By Fuel

2017

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

s
l
e
u
F

s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B

i

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

31�3
2�7 %

766�5
65�2 %

0�5
0�0 %

14�3
1�2 %

283�7
24�1 %

0�87
0�36
1�95
0�00
9�80
0�01
0�00
0�00
1�37
2�27
0�00
1�20
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�72
0�00
1�41
0�96
6�63
0�00
0�00
0�00
1�12
0�64
0�77
1�16

43�02
7�83
8�61
10�70
126�04
1�05
3�69
35�07
80�50
65�63
4�14
80�03
0�00
0�00
11�04
0�00
7�85
0�00
93�51
8�84
29�01
16�59
13�03
0�00
6�94
18�16
22�99
72�21

0�00
0�00
0�00
0�12
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�03
0�00
0�01
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�00
0�00
0�11
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�01
0�00
0�21

0�48
0�17
0�32
0�22
2�78
0�00
0�10
0�17
0�99
3�34
0�01
1�07
0�00
0�02
0�06
0�00
0�10
0�01
0�40
0�26
0�56
0�26
0�27
0�04
0�18
0�40
1�10
0�95

7�45
3�92
7�48
2�67
56�21
1�11
2�65
4�75
23�71
48�34
1�03
25�44
0�43
0�65
0�36
0�19
2�83
0�14
10�08
6�13
14�66
5�11
5�53
1�40
2�39
5�81
14�12
29�09

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

l
l

A

,
l

a
t
o
T

Mtoe
EU-28
1 175�6
Share (%) 100�0 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

53�50
13�34
22�63
16�96
211�96
2�89
6�52
40�05
107�28
125�47
5�48
114�14
0�44
1�38
12�59
0�26
13�14
0�15
109�60
19�38
60�41
22�42
20�83
1�66
12�43
30�13
44�09
106�43

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

t
a
e
H

59�4
5�1 %

0�80
1�05
2�94
3�24
11�22
0�58
0�00
0�05
0�00
4�24
0�30
5�58
0�00
0�72
1�12
0�07
1�26
0�00
2�79
2�12
7�16
0�46
1�78
0�23
0�90
4�60
4�54
1�66

81

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.4.6  Transformation Output – By Sector

2017

s
r
o
t
c
e
S

l
l

A

,
l

a
t
o
T

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

s
r
e
c
u
d
o
r
P

1 175�6
100�0 %

219�7
18�7 %

s
r
e
c
u
d
o
r
P

t
a
e
H

17�7
1�5 %

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

53�50
13�34
22�63
16�96
211�96
2�89
6�52
40�05
107�28
125�47
5�48
114�14
0�44
1�38
12�59
0�26
13�14
0�15
109�60
19�38
60�41
22�42
20�83
1�66
12�43
30�13
44�09
106�43

6�03
3�54
3�61
1�34
44�19
0�98
2�45
3�92
20�75
46�06
0�69
15�75
0�43
0�39
0�17
0�05
1�66
0�14
6�27
4�92
1�86
4�35
4�69
0�90
0�81
3�93
12�78
27�04

0�00
0�23
0�63
0�95
3�03
0�31
0�00
0�00
0�00
1�81
0�04
0�32
0�00
0�39
0�52
0�01
0�70
0�00
0�33
0�88
2�45
0�00
0�41
0�04
0�24
1�40
1�31
1�66

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P
-
b
u
S
&

,

s
e
i
r
e
n
i
f
e
R

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P

763�7
65�0 %

43�02
7�61
8�61
10�70
126�04
0�09
3�64
35�07
80�50
65�63
4�06
80�03
0�00
0�00
11�04
0�00
7�82
0�00
93�51
8�84
28�42
16�36
12�94
0�00
6�58
17�92
22�99
72�21

s
r
e
c
u
d
o
r
P

P
H
C

101�1
8�6 %

1�80
1�10
6�03
3�53
19�37
0�39
0�19
0�87
2�75
4�11
0�58
14�72
0�01
0�59
0�43
0�09
1�65
0�00
6�13
2�12
17�44
1�07
2�18
0�66
2�20
4�70
4�57
1�80

n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
s
n
a
r
T

r
e
h
t
O

t
u
p
t
u
O

70�8
6�0 %

2�55
0�80
3�64
0�44
18�81
1�11
0�22
0�17
3�08
7�40
0�09
3�16
0�00
0�02
0�37
0�01
1�30
0�01
3�36
2�29
10�20
0�49
0�58
0�04
2�58
2�18
2�43
3�46

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5  Final Energy

2.5.1  Available for Final Consumption

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 173�0
100 %

2005
1 239�2
106 %

2010
1 208�1
103 %

2015
1 119�5
95 %

2016
1 141�7
97 %

2017
1 165�9
99 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

40�82
9�69
26�40
14�33
234�79
2�69
10�37
18�31
85�38
156�67
6�59
128�77
1�47
3�26
4�25
3�24
17�22
0�32
58�81
23�57
57�14
19�54
24�12
4�68
11�68
23�73
34�91
150�27

41�57
10�52
28�13
14�68
234�88
3�15
11�12
20�64
101�91
167�10
7�83
139�59
1�49
4�05
5�34
4�10
20�34
0�40
62�11
27�10
61�70
20�94
25�91
5�20
11�69
25�26
33�68
148�72

42�72
9�25
27�76
15�00
229�64
2�99
11�31
18�94
91�10
161�69
7�71
131�73
1�69
4�06
5�42
3�93
18�86
0�42
64�82
27�36
70�36
18�93
24�80
5�24
11�47
26�36
35�32
139�22

40�88
10�07
25�88
13�56
219�42
2�83
10�75
16�32
79�00
156�01
7�00
117�63
1�43
3�79
5�90
3�57
18�62
0�46
55�14
27�06
65�09
16�26
22�79
4�79
10�03
24�30
32�31
128�60

40�93
10�06
25�86
13�95
222�55
3�27
11�24
16�66
81�81
157�37
7�03
116�75
1�50
3�78
6�05
3�57
19�03
0�46
56�87
27�55
70�35
16�14
23�08
4�99
10�23
25�24
34�52
130�81

40�55
10�28
27�83
14�39
228�76
2�97
11�00
16�75
85�25
157�29
7�31
121�17
1�58
3�95
6�44
3�65
19�93
0�51
58�12
27�86
74�66
16�40
24�36
4�98
11�04
25�80
33�99
129�03

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

83

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.5.2  Final Non-Energy Consumption

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
112�1
100 %

2005
116�1
104 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

7�00
0�98
2�14
0�30
25�30
0�18
0�68
0�73
9�49
16�27
0�66
8�43
0�09
0�07
0�66
0�05
1�59
0�00
11�33
1�72
4�37
2�42
1�89
0�24
1�38
1�04
1�75
11�30

7�49
0�85
3�01
0�29
24�66
0�22
0�52
0�77
8�43
16�08
0�67
8�61
0�07
0�10
0�73
0�03
2�17
0�02
13�58
1�59
4�60
2�59
2�63
0�31
1�28
1�15
2�29
11�35

2010
106�2
95 %

7�01
0�42
2�88
0�26
22�58
0�09
0�34
1�11
7�11
13�93
0�60
9�56
0�09
0�07
0�66
0�03
1�97
0�01
14�37
1�81
4�97
1�73
2�06
0�21
1�05
1�22
2�12
7�90

2015
95�6
85 %

7�65
0�60
2�50
0�25
21�26
0�11
0�22
0�70
4�35
13�94
0�53
6�61
0�02
0�11
1�12
0�03
1�91
0�01
12�23
1�76
5�63
1�34
1�12
0�13
1�05
1�33
1�78
7�36

2016
95�6
85 %

7�53
0�50
1�78
0�25
21�42
0�10
0�27
0�59
4�98
13�49
0�52
6�31
0�04
0�10
1�04
0�04
1�85
0�01
12�76
1�85
5�57
1�16
1�14
0�13
0�98
1�46
2�19
7�55

2017
102�2
91 %

7�45
0�48
2�95
0�25
22�80
0�12
0�24
0�82
4�93
14�16
0�53
7�91
0�04
0�09
1�21
0�03
2�19
0�01
13�57
1�65
5�91
1�20
1�07
0�14
1�10
1�44
2�44
7�48

FINAL NON-ENERGY CONSUMPTION – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

84

 
2.5.3  Final Energy Consumption

TOTAL

Mtoe
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 066�1
100 %

2005
1 123�2
105 %

2010
1 098�6
103 %

2015
1 024�9
96 %

2016
1 046�3
98 %

2017
1 060�0
99 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

33�64
8�59
23�99
14�02
207�17
2�41
10�22
17�86
76�32
145�74
5�93
119�74
1�37
3�23
3�74
3�18
15�64
0�32
47�53
21�81
53�56
17�21
21�95
4�43
9�93
23�28
33�67
139�59

33�96
9�60
25�04
14�74
206�12
2�83
11�84
20�16
93�82
150�81
7�15
131�51
1�53
3�96
4�62
4�05
18�16
0�38
48�97
25�48
57�48
18�26
23�59
4�87
10�40
24�01
32�13
137�73

35�03
8�71
24�12
14�85
206�43
2�87
11�27
18�28
85�16
146�31
7�11
123�05
1�64
4�00
4�76
3�90
16�88
0�40
50�75
25�55
65�24
17�22
22�02
5�01
10�37
25�09
32�51
130�08

33�11
9�39
23�08
13�34
198�39
2�73
10�37
15�68
75�96
138�70
6�47
112�11
1�41
3�68
4�78
3�54
16�91
0�46
44�08
25�31
60�78
14�96
21�60
4�66
8�94
23�05
31�25
120�11

33�46
9�52
23�67
13�71
202�53
2�78
10�73
15�82
78�01
141�23
6�52
111�55
1�48
3�70
5�00
3�54
17�41
0�46
44�68
25�71
65�03
15�04
21�94
4�85
9�23
23�99
32�16
122�61

32�89
9�74
24�41
13�86
204�60
2�81
10�74
16�05
79�40
141�00
6�78
113�61
1�54
3�88
5�24
3�61
17�98
0�50
44�95
26�21
69�14
15�28
22�86
4�84
9�90
24�64
32�37
121�22

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

EU-28

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

85

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.5.3  Final Energy Consumption

BY FUEL

2017

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

s
l
e
u
F

e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R
-
n
o
N

,

e
t
s
a
W

d
e
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M

&
t
a
e
P

,

s
e
s
a
G

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

t
a
e
H

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

394�1
239�3
37�2% 22�6%

102�4
9�7%

25�6
2�4%

3�8

240�6
0�4% 22�7%

48�5
5�7
4�6% 0�5 %

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

13�27
3�37
6�63
5�10
73�66
0�99
5�78
8�33
38�81
54�97
2�85
38�27
1�00
1�34
2�02
2�15
5�35
0�27
14�22
9�51
24�13
7�06
7�57
2�17
2�64
6�14
7�75
48�80

9�43
1�35
5�53
1�51
52�77
0�24
1�80
1�18
13�49
28�67
1�08
33�92
0�00
0�33
0�57
0�62
5�71
0�00
17�43
4�78
9�19
1�74
5�52
0�61
2�75
0�63
0�51
37�91

1�93
1�38
2�91
1�84
15�87
0�43
0�44
1�66
6�04
14�87
1�15
11�31
0�12
0�98
0�68
0�17
2�08
0�03
1�48
3�99
5�82
2�15
3�78
0�63
0�60
6�36
8�24
5�40

0�48
0�37
1�75
0�12
4�55
0�02
0�23
0�20
0�65
1�14
0�08
0�49
0�00
0�04
0�16
0�05
0�28
0�00
0�10
0�32
11�27
0�01
0�63
0�04
0�41
0�14
0�37
1�70

0�14
0�04
0�24
0�02
1�13
0�02
0�07
0�00
0�01
0�11
0�01
0�25
0�02
0�03
0�00
0�01
0�08
0�00
0�03
0�30
0�73
0�10
0�09
0�04
0�19
0�05
0�00
0�15

7�04
2�57
4�93
2�69
44�62
0�62
2�22
4�64
20�17
37�56
1�37
25�10
0�39
0�56
0�86
0�55
3�31
0�20
9�08
5�40
11�68
4�01
3�84
1�16
2�22
6�97
10�94
25�85

0�42
0�66
2�13
2�57
9�81
0�48
0�00
0�05
0�00
3�67
0�23
4�11
0�00
0�60
0�92
0�06
1�04
0�00
2�11
1�81
5�82
0�21
1�26
0�18
0�67
4�02
4�37
1�33

0�2
0�0
0�3
0�0
2�2
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�5
0�1
0�5
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�4
0�3
0�2
0�1

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5.3  Final Energy Consumption

BY SECTOR

2017

l

a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

s
e
c
i
v
r
e
S

y
r
t
s
u
d
n
I

t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
T

261�0
24�6 %

326�9
30�8 %

288�0
27�2 %

154�0
14�5 %

e
r
u
t
l
u
c
i
r
g
A

i

g
n
h
s
i
F
&

25�8
2�4 %

s
r
e
h
t
O

4�3
0�4 %

Mtoe
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

10�49
2�72
6�70
2�34
56�27
0�46
2�51
3�10
18�97
26�54
1�18
24�93
0�23
0�79
1�07
0�64
4�35
0�06
13�84
8�05
15�84
4�53
6�39
1�30
3�45
10�72
10�82
22�75

8�86
3�33
6�62
4�22
57�24
0�80
4�04
5�82
31�72
45�36
2�19
34�53
0�68
1�08
1�96
1�97
4�53
0�21
10�67
8�66
21�43
5�79
6�15
1�85
2�77
4�19
8�36
41�85

8�11
2�32
7�19
4�55
56�55
0�94
2�58
4�41
15�44
40�65
2�38
32�90
0�34
1�20
1�46
0�52
6�30
0�09
9�70
6�59
19�94
2�57
7�68
1�12
2�11
5�76
7�51
37�08

4�60
1�20
3�19
2�01
34�45
0�47
1�37
2�19
10�41
23�83
0�80
18�24
0�23
0�61
0�63
0�46
2�16
0�13
6�83
2�39
8�05
1�90
1�84
0�48
1�43
2�97
4�07
17�11

0�79
0�17
0�64
0�72
0�00
0�13
0�24
0�30
2�65
4�14
0�23
2�92
0�05
0�20
0�11
0�03
0�61
0�01
3�83
0�52
3�88
0�46
0�49
0�07
0�14
0�75
0�33
1�36

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

0�04
0�00
0�07
0�02
0�09
0�00
0�00
0�23
0�20
0�48
0�00
0�10
0�02
0�00
0�01
0�00
0�03
0�00
0�08
0�00
0�00
0�02
0�31
0�02
0�00
0�24
1�29
1�07

87

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.5.3  Final Energy Consumption

BY SECTOR – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (Mtoe)

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Industry

Residential

Agriculture and Fishing

Transport

Services

Others

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – BY FUEL – EU-28 – 
1990-2017 (Mtoe)

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Solid Fossil Fuels

Waste, Non-Renewable

Oil and Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Heat

Renewables and Biofuels

Electricity

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

88

 
2.6  Electricity

2.6.1 

Installed Electricity Capacity

TOTAL

MW
EU-28*
Index 2000

2000
691 626
100 %

2005
757 903
110 %

2010
883 680
128 %

2015
985 808
143 %

2016

2017
993 317 1 010 998
146 %

144 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

15 685
11 085
15 323
12 316
118 884
2 800
4 709
10 904
53 922
114 518
2 079
75 510
988
2 092
5 716
1 217
8 282
0
21 062
17 802
30 559
10 908
16 820
2 614
7 454
16 260
33 724
78 393

16 096
12 260
17 406
13 036
128 485
2 559
6 151
13 306
76 566
115 730
3 862
85 498
1 125
2 166
4 556
1 682
8 586
0
21 800
18 936
32 257
13 374
18 951
2 992
8 257
16 468
33 419
82 379

18 793
10 031
20 073
13 438
162 874
2 751
8 034
15 312
101 740
124 138
4 115
106 610
1 560
2 557
3 570
1 712
8 993
572
26 688
21 158
33 360
18 932
19 912
3 193
7 873
15 554
36 452
93 685

21 166
10 913
21 866
14 002
203 419
2 857
9 567
18 942
106 753
132 180
4 779
116 964
1 756
2 931
3 587
2 024
8 634
668
33 866
24 466
37 327
19 625
23 830
3 360
7 782
16 614
39 691
96 239

21 666
10 739
21 989
14 226
208 500
2 567
9 904
19 165
105 948
133 095
4 859
114 162
1 760
2 927
3 665
1 710
8 758
573
34 176
25 216
38 105
20 612
23 580
3 536
7 742
16 285
40 317
97 535

22 261
10 858
22 267
14 364
215 510
2 527
10 490
19 426
103 840
133 101
4 982
114 241
1 785
2 941
3 326
1 697
8 858
707
33 815
24 919
42 850
20 933
23 574
3 618
7 671
17 166
39 798
103 473

INSTALLED ELECTRICITY CAPACITY – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (MW)

EU-28

1 000 000

800 000

600 000

400 000

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* No complete EU-28 data available for 1990-2004�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

89

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.1 

Installed Electricity Capacity

BY FUEL

2017

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

d
e
l
l

a
t
s
n
I

y
t
i
c
a
p
a
C

e
l
b
i
t
s
u
b
m
o
C

s
l
e
u
F

d
n
W

i

o
r
d
y
H

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

r
a
l
o
S

1 010 998 455 115 168 933 155 118 120 884 109 014
100�0 % 45�0 % 16�7 % 15�3 % 12�0 % 10�8 %

MW
EU-28
Share (  %)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

22 261
10 858
22 267
14 364
215 510
2 527
10 490
19 426
103 840
133 101
4 982
114 241
1 785
2 941
3 326
1 697
8 858
707
33 815
24 919
42 850
20 933
23 574
3 618
7 671
17 166
39 798
103 473

8 502
3 785
13 334
7 926
95 134
2 208
6 628
10 804
46 510
21 907
2 141
61 289
1 517
1 299
1 832
119
6 088
595
26 151
6 613
34 412
7 975
11 067
1 332
2 645
8 997
7 442
56 864

2 806
698
308
5 522
55 718
312
3 318
2 624
23 100
13 512
576
9 737
158
77
518
120
329
0
4 202
2 887
5 758
5 124
3 030
5
4
2 044
6 611
19 835

1 423
3 372
2 265
9
11 120
7
529
3 392
20 079
25 706
2 205
22 426
0
1 564
877
1 331
57
0
37
14 150
2 390
7 226
6 692
1 347
2 523
3 272
16 502
4 619

5 918
1 967
4 290
0
10 799
0
0
0
7 117
63 130
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 000
0
485
0
0
0
1 411
688
1 940
2 779
8 999
9 361

3 610
1 036
2 070
906
42 339
0
16
2 606
7 029
8 610
60
19 682
110
1
74
128
344
112
2 903
1 269
287
579
1 374
247
528
74
244
12 776

s
e
c
r
u
o
S

r
e
h
t
O

1 934
0�2 %

3
0
0
0
400
0
0
0
5
235
0
1 107
0
0
25
0
40
0
37
1
2
29
0
0
31
0
0
18

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
2.6.1 

Installed Electricity Capacity *

RENEWABLES

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

l

a
t
o
T

o
r
d
y
H

d
n
W

i

2017

l

a
m
r
e
h
T

r
a
l
o
S

l

a
m
r
e
h
t
o
e
G

V
P

r
a
l
o
S

434 156 155 118 168 933
100�0 % 35�7 % 38�9 %

2 306 106 708
0�5 % 24�6 %

848
0�2 %

MW
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

7 838
5 106
4 642
6 438
109 209
319
3 863
8 622
50 213
48 064
2 841
52 612
268
1 642
1 469
1 578
733
112
7 142
18 307
8 436
12 959
11 096
1 598
3 055
5 390
23 357
37 248

1 423
3 372
2 265
9
11 120
7
529
3 392
20 079
25 706
2 205
22 426
0
1 564
877
1 331
57
0
37
14 150
2 390
7 226
6 692
1 347
2 523
3 272
16 502
4 619

2 806
698
308
5 522
55 718
312
3 318
2 624
23 100
13 512
576
9 737
158
77
518
120
329
0
4 202
2 887
5 758
5 124
3 030
5
4
2 044
6 611
19 835

0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2 304
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3 610
1 036
2 070
906
42 337
0
16
2 606
4 725
8 610
60
19 682
110
1
74
128
344
112
2 903
1 269
287
579
1 374
247
528
74
244
12 776

0
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
0
16
0
767
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
29
0
0
0
0
0
0

* Net maximum capacity�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

e
v
a
W

,

e
d
T

i

n
a
e
c
O
&

242
0�1 %

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
219
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18

91

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.2  Gross Electricity Generation

TOTAL

TWh
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
3 034�0
100 %

2005
3 315�2
109 %

2010
3 362�0
111 %

2015
3 239�4
107 %

2016
3 261�8
108 %

2017
3 294�3
109 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

84�01
40�92
73�46
36�01
576�54
8�51
23�98
53�84
224�47
539�95
11�28
275�86
3�37
4�14
11�33
1�17
35�19
1�92
89�38
61�24
145�18
43�76
51�56
13�62
31�16
69�78
145�27
377�07

86�76
44�36
82�58
36�25
619�34
10�21
25�97
60�02
289�09
576�06
13�16
302�59
4�38
4�91
14�58
4�13
35�76
2�24
99�66
66�83
156�63
46�57
59�41
15�12
31�44
70�34
158�43
398�35

94�93
46�64
85�82
38�86
630�67
12�96
28�35
57�39
301�37
569�15
14�90
301�28
5�32
6�63
5�50
4�59
37�37
2�11
119�12
71�11
157�58
54�09
60�98
16�44
27�82
80�36
148�55
382�07

69�40
49�20
83�81
28�93
645�07
10�42
28�39
51�87
280�70
578�48
11�40
282�40
4�53
5�53
4�67
2�77
30�30
1�30
110�23
65�18
164�83
52�41
66�29
15�10
26�80
68�35
162�11
338�88

85�30
45�24
83�21
30�54
647�23
12�18
30�51
54�44
274�67
563�85
12�82
289�03
4�89
6�43
4�00
2�20
31�82
0�86
115�07
68�29
166�57
60�33
65�10
16�50
26�93
68�49
156�01
339�30

86�08
45�58
86�95
31�04
652�04
12�90
30�87
55�27
275�64
561�46
11�98
295�17
5�00
7�53
3�94
2�24
32�79
1�64
117�14
71�31
170�40
59�43
64�30
16�33
27�58
67�12
164�25
338�34

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

92

 
2.6.2  Gross Electricity Generation

BY FUEL

y
t
i
c
i
r
t
c
e
l
E

s
s
o
r
G

n
o
i
t
a
r
e
n
e
G

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
o
S

l
i

O

,
t
a
e
P

,

s
l
e
u
F

s
d
n
a
S
&
e
l
a
h
S

2017

&
s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

d
e
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M

s
e
s
a
G

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

3 294�3
677�0
100�0 % 20�6 %

60�7
1 005�6
1�8 % 21�1 % 25�2 % 30�5 %

695�9

829�7

86�08
45�58
86�95
31�04
652�04
12�90
30�87
55�27
275�64
561�46
11�98
295�17
5�00
7�53
3�94
2�24
32�79
1�64
117�14
71�31
170�40
59�43
64�30
16�33
27�58
67�12
164�25
338�34

0�1
20�9
41�4
6�2
241�9
10�0
5�8
18�8
45�1
12�6
1�4
32�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�9
0�0
31�3
1�8
131�2
14�7
16�8
4�8
3�0
8�6
0�5
22�5

0�16
0�40
0�12
0�28
5�57
0�12
0�14
5�51
15�77
7�39
0�21
11�53
4�57
0�00
0�14
0�00
0�09
0�19
1�18
0�81
2�02
1�28
0�63
0�01
0�44
0�18
0�29
1�61

25�24
1�92
6�16
1�91
98�58
0�82
15�68
17�11
65�26
42�86
3�09
142�82
0�00
2�07
0�60
0�22
8�00
1�29
62�15
13�14
12�31
18�89
10�73
0�47
2�22
3�89
0�98
137�50

42�23
15�55
28�34
0�00
76�32
0�00
0�00
0�00
58�04
398�36
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
16�10
0�00
3�40
0�00
0�00
0�00
11�51
6�29
15�08
22�48
65�70
70�34

16�96
6�80
10�79
21�92
222�34
1�79
9�08
13�88
90�67
97�74
7�32
105�72
0�44
5�46
3�12
1�94
3�47
0�17
17�43
54�74
24�60
24�31
24�64
4�72
6�83
31�48
95�08
102�20

TWh
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

S
E
R
-
n
o
n

s
e
t
s
a
W

25�4
0�8 %

1�40
0�00
0�09
0�72
7�29
0�14
0�16
0�00
0�77
2�47
0�00
2�47
0�00
0�00
0�08
0�08
0�20
0�00
1�69
0�87
0�31
0�28
0�00
0�01
0�03
0�47
1�68
4�15

93

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.2  Gross Electricity Generation

RENEWABLES 

2017

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

d
n
W

i

o
r
d
y
H

r
a
l
o
S

TWh
EU-28
121�8
Share (%) 100�0 % 36�0 % 32�9 % 11�9 % 12�1 %

1 005�6

331�3

119�4

362�4

e
t
s
a
W
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

i

i

d
u
q
L
&
d
i
l
o
S

,

s
l
e
u
f
o
B

i

s
e
s
a
g
o
B

i

l

a
m
r
e
h
t
o
e
G

e
v
a
W

,

e
d
T

i

n
a
e
c
O
&

63�4
6�3 %

6�7
0�7 %

0�5
0�1 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

16�96
6�80
10�79
21�92

6�51
1�50
0�59
14�78
222�34 105�69
0�72
7�44
5�54
49�13
24�71
1�20
17�74
0�21
0�15
1�36
0�23
0�76
0�00
10�57
6�57
14�91
12�25
7�41
0�01
0�01
4�80
17�61
50�00

1�79
9�08
13�88
90�67
97�74
7�32
105�72
0�44
5�46
3�12
1�94
3�47
0�17
17�43
54�74
24�60
24�31
24�64
4�72
6�83
31�48
95�08
102�20

1�40
3�49
3�04
0�02
26�16
0�03
0�90
4�04
21�07
55�11
5�51
38�02
0�00
4�38
1�18
1�42
0�22
0�00
0�06
42�25
3�03
7�63
14�85
4�14
4�62
14�77
65�17
8�80

3�29
1�40
2�19
0�75
39�40
0�00
0�01
3�99
14�40
9�57
0�08
24�38
0�17
0�00
0�07
0�11
0�35
0�16
2�20
1�27
0�17
0�99
1�86
0�28
0�51
0�04
0�23
11�52

4�82
0�18
2�33
5�68
17�05
1�00
0�53
0�01
5�14
5�61
0�22
11�08
0�00
0�53
0�38
0�10
1�81
0�00
3�68
4�01
5�39
2�93
0�46
0�16
1�10
11�46
12�07
24�15

0�94
0�22
2�64
0�69
33�88
0�04
0�20
0�30
0�94
2�09
0�31
8�30
0�05
0�41
0�13
0�07
0�33
0�01
0�92
0�63
1�10
0�29
0�07
0�13
0�59
0�41
0�01
7�72

0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�16
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�13
0�00
6�20
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�22
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00

0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�52
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�00

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.6.2  Gross Electricity Generation

BY FUEL – EU-28

2017

l
i

O

,
t
a
e
P

l
i
s
s
o
F

,

s
d
n
a
S
&
e
l
a
h
S

s
l
e
u
F

d
i
l
o
Share of Total (%) S
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

39�3
38�7
37�2
35�5
35�1
34�5
33�6
31�6
31�2
29�8
30�8
30�2
30�4
31�1
29�9
29�0
29�2
29�2
26�6
25�5
24�7
25�8
27�4
26�8
25�3
24�5
21�6
20�6

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

&
s
a
G

l

a
r
u
t
a
N

d
e
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M

s
e
s
a
G

8�6
8�8
9�2
8�3
8�1
8�4
8�0
7�5
7�5
6�9
6�0
5�6
5�9
5�3
4�5
4�3
4�0
3�4
3�2
3�1
2�6
2�4
2�3
2�0
2�0
2�0
2�0
1�8

8�6
8�2
8�1
9�1
10�2
10�7
12�0
13�8
14�6
16�6
16�9
17�0
17�7
18�7
19�8
21�2
21�4
23�0
24�4
23�6
23�8
22�4
18�7
16�6
15�4
16�4
19�7
21�1

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

12�6
12�9
13�6
13�9
14�2
13�9
13�6
13�9
14�4
14�4
14�8
15�3
13�9
13�7
14�8
15�0
15�5
16�3
17�6
19�5
21�1
21�4
24�3
27�2
29�2
29�9
30�2
30�5

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

30�6
31�1
31�5
32�8
32�2
32�1
32�5
32�8
31�9
31�9
31�1
31�4
31�5
30�8
30�6
30�1
29�4
27�7
27�7
27�8
27�3
27�4
26�7
26�8
27�4
26�5
25�7
25�2

s
r
e
h
t
O

0�2
0�2
0�3
0�3
0�3
0�3
0�4
0�4
0�4
0�4
0�4
0�5
0�5
0�4
0�4
0�4
0�5
0�5
0�5
0�6
0�6
0�6
0�6
0�6
0�7
0�7
0�8
0�8

95

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.2  Gross Electricity Generation

BY FUEL – EU-28 – ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (TWh)

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat, Oil 
Shale and Sands

Natural Gas and  
Manufactured Gases

Renewables and Biofuels

Nuclear

Oil and Petroleum Products

Wastes non-RES

GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION – EU-28 – RENEWABLES – 
1990-2017 (TWh)

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Hydro

Geothermal

Solar

Solid Biofuels and Renewable Wastes 

Wind

Tide, Wave and Ocean

Liquid Biofuels

Biogases

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

96

 
2.6.3  Market Share of the Largest  

Electricity Producer

%
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
91�1

69�2
36�0
34�0
91�0
97�0
97�0
42�4
90�2

46�7
99�6
95�8
72�8

41�3
100�0

32�6
19�5
58�5

85�1
23�3
49�5
20�6

2005
85�0

72�0
33�0
31�0
92�0
71�0
97�0
35�0
89�1
87�0
38�6
100�0
92�7
70�3

38�7
100�0

18�5
53�9
36�4
50�1
83�6
23�0
47�0
20�5

2010
79�1

73�0
46�0
28�4
89�0
34�0
85�1
24�0
86�5
88�0
28�0
100�0
88�0
35�4
85�4
42�1
100�0

17�4
47�2
33�6
56�3
80�9
26�6
42�0
21�0

2015
48�5

55�4
33�0
32�0
79�8
55�0
70�7
24�5
85�7
77�8
27�0
100�0
57�4
22�7
43�8
53�1
100�0

17�4
42�5
25�7
51�3
73�1
25�9
40�6

2016
62�6

52�4
35�2
33�5
80�8
47�0
72�0
25�4
82�5
80�7
24�0
100�0
58�6
14�3
18�0
52�9
100�0

16�0
47�0
28�5
53�9
71�3
25�6
42�0

2017
60�7

62�2
33�3
32�2
82�5
43�0
58�7
22�5
79�9
86�1
19�0
100�0
47�1
14�2
17�8
51�3
61�0

17�7
39�5
23�1
48�5
71�4
25�6
42�4

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

97

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7  Solar and Wind Energy

2.7.1  Solar and Wind Energy –  
Cumulative Capacity

TOTAL

MW
EU-28

2000
12 886

2005
42 605

2010
115 071

2015
238 733

2016
257 618

2017
277 947

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

14
0
1
2 391
6 209
0
117
226
2 216
45
0
382
0
2
0
14
0
0
460
55
4
84
0
0
0
40
212
414

169
8
23
3 131
20 304
31
493
492
9 970
703
6
1 669
1
26
1
58
17
0
1 275
846
121
1 066
1
0
5
86
526
1 576

1 919
513
1 940
3 809
44 910
108
1 391
1 500
25 298
6 956
79
9 386
89
30
133
73
295
1
2 327
1 105
1 108
3 930
389
12
22
204
2 028
5 516

5 307
1 728
2 356
5 859
83 825
300
2 454
4 695
29 951
17 396
466
28 038
234
68
505
180
501
75
4 906
3 426
4 994
5 384
4 456
244
536
1 020
5 923
23 907

5 695
1 727
2 350
6 097
90 308
310
2 792
4 974
30 010
19 213
539
28 667
242
71
579
242
564
93
6 306
3 826
5 934
5 637
4 397
237
536
1 600
6 588
28 086

6 415
1 734
2 378
6 429
98 057
312
3 334
5 230
30 129
22 123
636
29 419
268
78
592
248
673
112
7 105
4 156
6 046
5 703
4 404
252
532
2 118
6 855
32 611

SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY – CUMULATIVE CAPACITY –  
TOTAL – 1990-2017 (MW)

EU-28

300 000

200 000

100 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

98

 
2.7.1  Solar and Wind Energy –  
Cumulative Capacity

SHARE OF TOTAL INSTALLED ELECTRICITY CAPACITY

%
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
1�9

0�09
0�00
0�01
19�41
5�22
0�00
2�47
2�07
4�11
0�04
0�00
0�51
0�00
0�10
0�00
1�15
0�00
0�00
2�18
0�31
0�01
0�77
0�00
0�00
0�00
0�25
0�63
0�53

2005
5�6

1�05
0�07
0�13
24�02
15�80
1�21
8�02
3�70
13�02
0�61
0�16
1�95
0�11
1�20
0�02
3�48
0�20
0�00
5�85
4�47
0�38
7�97
0�01
0�00
0�06
0�52
1�57
1�91

2010
13�0

10�21
5�11
9�66
28�34
27�57
3�93
17�32
9�80
24�87
5�60
1�92
8�80
5�72
1�17
3�73
4�27
3�28
0�17
8�72
5�22
3�32
20�76
1�95
0�38
0�28
1�31
5�56
5�89

2015
24�2

25�07
15�83
10�77
41�85
41�21
10�50
25�64
24�79
28�06
13�16
9�75
23�97
13�31
2�33
14�08
8�90
5�80
11�23
14�49
14�00
13�38
27�43
18�70
7�26
6�89
6�14
14�92
24�84

2016
25�9

26�29
16�08
10�69
42�86
43�31
12�08
28�19
25�95
28�33
14�44
11�09
25�11
13�74
2�41
15�80
14�13
6�44
16�24
18�45
15�17
15�57
27�35
18�65
6�70
6�92
9�82
16�34
28�80

2017
27�5

28�82
15�97
10�68
44�75
45�50
12�34
31�78
26�92
29�01
16�62
12�77
25�75
15�00
2�65
17�80
14�60
7�60
15�90
21�01
16�68
14�11
27�25
18�68
6�96
6�94
12�34
17�22
31�52

SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY – CUMULATIVE CAPACITY –  
SHARE OF TOTAL – 1990-2017 (%)

EU-28

30

20

10

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

99

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.2  Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

TOTAL

MW
EU-28

2000
12 709

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

14
0
1
2 390
6 095
0
117
226
2 206
38
0
363
0
2
0
14
0
0
447
50
4
83
0
0
0
38
209
412

2005
40 325

167
8
22
3 128
18 248
31
493
491
9 918
690
6
1 635
0
26
1
35
17
0
1 224
825
121
1 064
1
0
5
82
522
1 565

2010
84 358

2015
141 436

2016
154 273

2017
168 933

912
488
213
3 802
26 903
108
1 390
1 298
20 693
5 912
79
5 794
82
30
133
44
293
0
2 237
1 016
1 108
3 796
389
0
3
197
2 017
5 421

2 176
699
281
5 077
44 580
300
2 451
2 091
22 943
10 258
418
9 137
158
68
436
64
329
0
3 391
2 489
4 886
4 937
3 130
5
3
1 005
5 819
14 306

2 370
699
282
5 246
49 592
310
2 786
2 370
22 990
11 511
483
9 384
158
70
509
120
329
0
4 257
2 730
5 747
5 124
3 025
5
3
1 565
6 435
16 174

2 806
698
308
5 522
55 718
312
3 318
2 624
23 100
13 512
576
9 737
158
77
518
120
329
0
4 202
2 887
5 758
5 124
3 030
5
4
2 044
6 611
19 835

WIND CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (MW)

EU-28

200  000

100 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

100

 
2.7.2  Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

SHARE OF TOTAL INSTALLED ELECTRICITY CAPACITY

%
EU-28

2000
1�8

2005
5�3

2010
9�5

2015
14�3

2016
15�5

2017
16�7

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�1
0�0
0�0
19�4
5�1
0�0
2�5
2�1
4�1
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�1
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�3
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�6
0�5

1�0
0�1
0�1
24�0
14�2
1�2
8�0
3�7
13�0
0�6
0�2
1�9
0�0
1�2
0�0
2�1
0�2
0�0
5�6
4�4
0�4
8�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�5
1�6
1�9

4�9
4�9
1�1
28�3
16�5
3�9
17�3
8�5
20�3
4�8
1�9
5�4
5�3
1�2
3�7
2�6
3�3
0�0
8�4
4�8
3�3
20�1
2�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
5�5
5�8

10�3
6�4
1�3
36�3
21�9
10�5
25�6
11�0
21�5
7�8
8�7
7�8
9�0
2�3
12�2
3�2
3�8
0�0
10�0
10�2
13�1
25�2
13�1
0�1
0�0
6�0
14�7
14�9

10�9
6�5
1�3
36�9
23�8
12�1
28�1
12�4
21�7
8�6
9�9
8�2
9�0
2�4
13�9
7�0
3�8
0�0
12�5
10�8
15�1
24�9
12�8
0�1
0�0
9�6
16�0
16�6

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices –

12�6
6�4
1�4
38�4
25�9
12�3
31�6
13�5
22�2
10�2
11�6
8�5
8�8
2�6
15�6
7�1
3�7
0�0
12�4
11�6
13�4
24�5
12�9
0�1
0�1
11�9
16�6
19�2

101

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.3  Wind Gross Electricity Production

TOTAL

TWh
EU-28

2000
22�2

2005
70�5

2010
149�4

2015
302�0

2016
302�9

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�0
0�0
0�0
4�2
9�4
0�0
0�2
0�5
4�7
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�1
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�5
0�9

0�2
0�0
0�0
6�6
27�2
0�1
1�1
1�3
21�2
1�0
0�0
2�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�1
1�3
0�1
1�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�9
2�9

1�3
0�7
0�3
7�8
37�8
0�3
2�8
2�7
44�3
9�9
0�1
9�1
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�5
0�0
4�0
2�1
1�7
9�2
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�3
3�5
10�3

5�6
1�5
0�6
14�1
79�2
0�7
6�6
4�6
49�3
21�3
0�8
14�8
0�2
0�1
0�8
0�1
0�7
0�0
7�5
4�8
10�9
11�6
7�1
0�0
0�0
2�3
16�3
40�3

5�4
1�4
0�5
12�8
78�6
0�6
6�1
5�1
48�9
21�5
1�0
17�7
0�2
0�1
1�1
0�1
0�7
0�0
8�2
5�2
12�6
12�5
6�6
0�0
0�0
3�1
15�5
37�3

2017
362�4

6�5
1�5
0�6
14�8
105�7
0�7
7�4
5�5
49�1
24�7
1�2
17�7
0�2
0�2
1�4
0�2
0�8
0�0
10�6
6�6
14�9
12�2
7�4
0�0
0�0
4�8
17�6
50�0

WIND GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (TWh)

EU-28

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

102

 
2.7.4  Wind Penetration Level

IN TOTAL GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION

%
EU-28

2000
0�7

2005
2�1

2010
4�4

2015
9�3

2016
9�3

2017
11�0

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�0
0�0
0�0
11�8
1�6
0�0
1�0
0�8
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�1
0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�1
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�3
0�3

0�3
0�0
0�0
18�2
4�4
0�5
4�3
2�1
7�3
0�2
0�1
0�8
0�0
1�0
0�0
1�3
0�0
0�0
2�1
2�0
0�1
3�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�6
0�7

1�4
1�5
0�4
20�1
6�0
2�1
9�9
4�7
14�7
1�7
0�9
3�0
0�6
0�7
4�1
1�2
1�4
0�0
3�4
2�9
1�1
17�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�4
2�3
2�7

8�0
3�0
0�7
48�8
12�3
6�9
23�2
8�9
17�6
3�7
7�0
5�3
4�9
2�7
17�4
3�7
2�3
0�0
6�8
7�4
6�6
22�1
10�7
0�0
0�0
3�4
10�1
11�9

6�4
3�1
0�6
41�9
12�1
4�9
20�2
9�5
17�8
3�8
7�9
6�1
4�6
2�0
28�4
4�6
2�1
0�0
7�1
7�7
7�6
20�7
10�1
0�0
0�0
4�5
9�9
11�0

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

7�6
3�3
0�7
47�6
16�2
5�6
24�1
10�0
17�8
4�4
10�0
6�0
4�2
2�0
34�6
10�5
2�3
0�0
9�0
9�2
8�7
20�6
11�5
0�0
0�0
7�1
10�7
14�8

103

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.5  Wind Capacity Factor

ANNUAL AVERAGE

%
EU-28

2000
21�9

2005
21�8

2010
22�1

2015
26�7

2016
24�5

2017
26�8

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

14�3
0�0
11�1
22�2
19�2
0�0
26�2
24�9
26�8
15�8
0�0
19�4
0�0
27�6
0�0
22�1
0�0
0�0
23�2
16�7
15�6
25�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
25�7
27�3
28�7

17�0
7�2
12�1
26�4
18�7
21�8
28�2
32�2
26�7
17�4
20�8
17�9
19�7
22�5
22�2
18�7
7�4
0�0
21�1
20�2
14�0
20�8
2�8
0�0
15�0
25�9
22�4
23�2

17�7
17�5
19�7
25�7
17�6
32�1
25�3
26�1
26�7
21�0
22�0
19�7
4�8
20�4
21�1
15�7
22�8
0�0
22�3
25�4
18�8
30�2
9�8
0�0
25�0
18�7
21�6
23�7

32�0
26�0
25�5
34�8
22�2
29�8
33�5
27�6
26�9
26�0
23�8
20�3
17�6
27�0
23�2
20�0
26�3
0�0
27�8
24�3
27�8
29�4
28�2
15�1
25�0
28�9
35�1
35�2

28�7
25�5
22�0
30�5
19�8
24�0
27�6
27�1
26�6
23�3
26�2
23�6
18�0
22�9
27�9
10�6
26�0
7�3
24�0
24�0
27�4
30�4
27�2
14�4
25�0
24�5
30�1
28�8

29�0
26�9
24�0
33�5
23�7
29�0
28�0
26�4
26�6
22�9
26�1
22�8
16�8
24�3
32�9
24�5
28�8
7�3
31�4
28�5
32�4
29�9
30�6
14�4
18�8
29�3
33�3
31�5

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

104

 
2.7.6  Solar Collectors’ Surface

1 000 m2
EU-28

2000
11 055

2005
18 289

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

41

77

243
3 251
0
4
2 941
406
513
20
271

0
0

36

276
2 202

238

10
207
396

85
286
7 099
0
13
3 047
795
583
41
680
730
0
0
6
45

422
3 083
95
289

64
16
371
462

2010
35 658

371
194
309
480
14 044
0
185
4 100
2 376
1 447
92
2 415
909
0
0
29
140
40
576
4 559
656
752
104
178
123
31
510
1 038

2015
49 141

677
344
538
1 016
18 625
0
320
4 390
3 582
2 917
183
3 724
1 009
0
0
56
280
70
647
5 261
1 900
1 121
159
239
171
50
478
1 383

2016
50 953

721
354
569
1 369
19 122
0
343
4 477
3 796
3 006
204
3 891
1 025
0
0
60
292
72
652
5 289
2 016
1 176
174
239
177
55
475
1 400

2017
52 008

751
378
593
1 542
19 109
0
311
4 596
3 997
3 094
227
4 051
1 044
0
0
63
308
72
649
5 272
2 131
1 231
189
239
201
60
472
1 428

SOLAR COLLECTORS’ SURFACE – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (1 000 m2)

EU-28

60 000

40 000 

20 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

105

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019  
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.7  Solar Installed Capacity

TOTAL

MW
EU-28

2000
177

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0
0
0
1
114
0
0
0
10
7
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
5
0
1
0
0
0
2
3
2

2005
2 280

2
0
1
3
2 056
0
0
1
52
13
0
34
1
0
0
24
0
0
51
21
0
2
0
0
0
4
4
11

2010
30 713

1 007
25
1 727
7
18 007
0
1
202
4 605
1 044
0
3 592
7
0
0
29
2
1
90
89
0
134
0
12
19
7
11
95

2015
97 296

2016
103 345

2017
109 014

3 131
1 029
2 075
782
39 245
0
2
2 604
7 008
7 138
48
18 901
76
0
69
116
172
75
1 515
937
108
447
1 326
239
533
15
104
9 601

3 325
1 028
2 068
851
40 716
0
6
2 604
7 020
7 702
56
19 283
84
1
70
122
235
93
2 049
1 096
187
513
1 372
232
533
35
153
11 912

3 610
1 036
2 070
906
42 339
0
16
2 606
7 029
8 610
60
19 682
110
1
74
128
344
112
2 903
1 269
287
579
1 374
247
528
74
244
12 776

SOLAR INSTALLED CAPACITY – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (MW)

EU-28

150 000

100 000

50 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

106

 
2.7.8  Solar Gross Electricity Production

TOTAL

TWh
EU-28

2000
0�1

2005
1�5

2010
23�3

2015
108�4

2016
111�4

2017
119�4

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�6
0�0
0�6
0�0
11�7
0�0
0�0
0�2
7�2
0�6
0�0
1�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

3�1
1�4
2�3
0�6
38�7
0�0
0�0
3�9
13�9
7�8
0�1
22�9
0�1
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�1
0�1
1�1
0�9
0�1
0�8
2�0
0�3
0�5
0�0
0�1
7�5

3�1
1�4
2�1
0�7
38�1
0�0
0�0
3�9
13�6
8�7
0�1
22�1
0�1
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�2
0�1
1�6
1�1
0�1
0�9
1�8
0�3
0�5
0�0
0�1
10�4

3�3
1�4
2�2
0�8
39�4
0�0
0�0
4�0
14�4
9�6
0�1
24�4
0�2
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�3
0�2
2�2
1�3
0�2
1�0
1�9
0�3
0�5
0�0
0�2
11�5

SOLAR GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION – TOTAL –  
1990-2017 (TWh)

EU-28

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

107

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.9  Solar Penetration Level

IN TOTAL GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION

%
EU-28

2000
0�0

2005
0�0

2010
0�7

2015
3�3

2016
3�4

2017
3�6

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�6
0�0
0�7
0�0
1�9
0�0
0�0
0�3
2�4
0�1
0�0
0�6
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

4�4
2�8
2�7
2�1
6�0
0�0
0�0
7�5
4�9
1�3
0�5
8�1
2�8
0�0
1�6
3�7
0�5
7�3
1�0
1�4
0�0
1�5
3�0
1�8
1�9
0�0
0�1
2�2

3�6
3�1
2�6
2�4
5�9
0�0
0�0
7�2
5�0
1�5
0�5
7�6
3�0
0�0
1�7
4�6
0�8
14�8
1�4
1�6
0�1
1�4
2�8
1�6
2�0
0�0
0�1
3�1

3�8
3�1
2�5
2�4
6�0
0�0
0�0
7�2
5�2
1�7
0�7
8�3
3�4
0�0
1�7
4�9
1�1
9�4
1�9
1�8
0�1
1�7
2�9
1�7
1�8
0�1
0�1
3�4

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

108

 
2.8  CHP

2.8.1  CHP Electricity

GENERATION AND CAPACITY

CHP Electricity  
Generation

CHP Electrical  
Capacity

TWh

2016
359�7

2015
362�9

2017
371�7

2015
119�7

GW

2016
119�9

2017
122�0

EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

12�5
2�9
11�8
11�6
78�8
1�2
2�1
2�0
22�7
13�9
0�8
39�5
0�0
2�5
1�5
0�4
4�1
0�0
29�8
9�0
26�5
6�5
5�6
1�2

21�7
13�7
19�4

12�2
3�6
8�4
12�0
87�9
0�9
2�2
2�6
27�5
15�0
1�5
40�3
0�0
3�1
1�1
0�3
4�8
0�2
30�8
10�9
27�6
6�2
5�3
1�2
3�0
21�8
9�2
19�8

12�5
3�5
8�0
11�8
94�4
1�1
2�2
2�2
28�8
16�6
2�0
41�0
0�0
2�8
1�1
0�3
4�6
0�2
31�4
9�5
28�4
6�4
5�8
1�3
3�5
21�7
9�0
21�6

2�4
1�1
4�6
6�1
37�1
0�4
0�3
0�6
3�5
5�6
0�6
9�0
0�0
1�1
1�0
0�1
1�6
0�0
9�2
2�8
8�6
1�3
1�8
0�4

5�8
4�9
5�9

2�2
1�5
9�0
5�9
37�2
0�2
0�3
0�5
4�2
6�1
0�8
8�5
0�0
1�3
0�6
0�1
1�5
0�1
9�1
3�4
8�7
1�2
1�9
0�4
1�0
5�9
3�9
4�6

Source: Eurostat July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

2�3
1�2
8�0
5�8
39�6
0�0
0�3
0�3
4�6
6�3
0�8
8�4
0�0
1�3
0�6
0�1
1�5
0�1
9�4
2�9
9�2
1�2
1�8
0�4
1�7
6�5
3�0
4�5

109

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.8.2  CHP Heat

PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY

CHP Heat Production

CHP Heat Capacity

PJ

2016
2 812�5

2015
2 791�7

2017
2 881�2

2015
303�8

GW

2016
273�0

EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

104�4
31�9
106�0
93�3
669�9
12�5
12�6
10�9
120�3
154�9
10�0
213�2
0�2
12�4
12�4
2�4
24�4
0�0
189�6
105�9
238�6
59�3
51�0
10�4

242�4
151�3
124�2

104�4
39�3
101�6
94�9
698�0
3�3
11�2
18�9
138�8
163�9
16�3
219�8
0�1
14�5
9�5
2�3
24�7
0�1
174�3
114�9
246�5
61�7
45�9
10�8
34�4
241�6
91�1
129�8

108�7
40�1
103�5
94�4
703�2
13�6
11�8
14�6
139�2
177�6
18�8
219�9
0�1
14�2
10�4
2�6
25�2
0�1
180�5
116�0
253�3
60�0
47�0
11�1
36�9
246�5
92�0
139�8

5�1
3�7
21�0
9�5
95�1
1�3
0�6
0�7
5�0
14�1
1�6
14�2
0�0
1�2
1�9
0�2
3�2
0�0
18�1
8�6
23�9
4�3
9�8
0�7

15�2
12�8
7�6

5�0
4�7
20�8
8�8
94�6
0�7
0�6
1�3
6�4
14�9
2�2
14�0
0�0
1�2
1�2
0�2
2�8
0�0
16�0
8�9
23�8
3�8
6�3
0�8
4�0
14�6
8�4
7�1

2017
285�8

5�1
4�6
22�1
8�8
101�3
0�5
0�6
0�9
9�8
15�3
2�2
13�2
0�0
1�2
1�5
0�2
2�9
0�0
16�6
9�0
24�2
3�7
5�5
0�8
3�4
16�9
7�9
7�4

Source: source: Eurostat July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

110

 
2.8.3  CHP Electricity and Heat

CHP ELECTRICITY AND HEAT GENERATION 
EU-28 (PJ)*

CHP Electricity Generation

CHP Heat Production

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

* Data before 2009 is not consistent across the EU-28�

Source: Eurostat July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

111

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.9  Heat

*

2.9.1  Gross Heat Generation

TOTAL

PJ
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
2 146�8
100 %

2005
2 548�8
119 %

2010
2 644�0
123 %

2015
2 325�6
108 %

2016
2 419�6
113 %

2017
2 412�8
112 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

23�2
50�8
139�2
115�5
315�9
27�0
0�0
1�2
0�0
135�5
11�5
0�0
0�0
31�9
42�8
0�5
69�2
0�0
172�4
47�7
340�7
5�6
189�7
9�4
36�8
147�4
131�0
102�1

19�5
52�1
138�9
125�8
489�9
26�8
0�0
2�0
0�0
178�3
13�3
193�1
0�0
31�1
42�9
3�2
63�6
0�0
178�5
59�0
335�5
13�7
127�7
10�1
52�5
175�4
158�8
57�2

35�6
57�1
147�0
149�5
508�6
25�5
0�0
1�9
0�0
152�9
12�5
205�3
0�0
28�7
40�0
3�1
53�0
0�0
159�9
82�6
335�1
21�1
99�1
9�8
48�5
205�7
204�6
57�0

27�8
48�7
119�4
126�9
448�8
21�2
0�0
2�1
0�0
150�3
11�1
216�9
0�1
25�5
31�9
2�4
50�4
0�0
123�2
83�1
280�1
19�5
76�6
8�7
36�6
168�7
179�1
66�5

26�7
46�3
125�7
131�4
461�9
23�9
0�0
2�1
0�0
168�3
11�4
223�9
0�1
29�0
33�7
2�4
51�6
0�0
116�0
87�7
292�3
18�8
76�8
9�0
37�5
185�7
189�3
68�2

22�2
42�3
121�6
131�8
462�3
24�3
0�0
2�1
0�0
173�7
12�4
233�4
0�1
30�0
35�0
2�8
50�1
0�0
111�2
88�9
299�0
19�1
74�6
9�5
37�8
173�8
185�4
69�6

* Only Heat sold, as considered currently in the energy balances�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

112

 
2.9.1  Gross Heat Generation

BY FUEL

l
i

O

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t
a
e
P

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s
l
e
u
F

s
d
n
a
S
&
e
l
a
h
S

t
a
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H
s
s
o
r
G

n
o
i
t
a
r
e
n
e
G

l
i
s
s
o
F

d
i
l
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S

2017

&
s
a
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l

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a
G

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P
&

l
i

O

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

s
e
l
b
a
w
e
n
e
R

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
&

i

r
a
e
l
c
u
N

S
E
R
-
n
o
n

s
e
t
s
a
W

s
r
e
h
t
O
&

2 412�8
592�3
100�0 % 24�5 %

98�1
946�5
4�1 % 39�2 %

4�5

639�4
0�2 % 26�5 %

132�1
5�5 %

PJ
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

22�2
42�3
121�6
131�8
462�3
24�3
0�0
2�1
0�0
173�7
12�4
233�4
0�1
30�0
35�0
2�8
50�1
0�0
111�2
88�9
299�0
19�1
74�6
9�5
37�8
173�8
185�4
69�6

0�0
14�2
68�7
19�2
130�9
2�6
0�0
2�1
0�0
8�8
0�0
1�9
0�0
0�1
0�3
0�0
0�9
0�0
2�6
3�1
240�9
0�0
16�5
5�1
8�6
58�5
7�0
0�1

0�4
3�7
1�2
1�2
4�6
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
10�1
0�7
32�3
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�2
0�0
11�5
4�7
4�1
0�0
4�9
0�2
4�9
8�3
2�4
1�4

18�3
22�9
39�6
20�6
220�0
7�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
62�6
9�9
153�5
0�0
16�6
9�9
1�7
39�4
0�0
70�7
33�2
38�6
19�1
50�0
2�5
15�7
21�7
8�9
63�8

0�0
0�7
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

1�8
0�7
9�7
77�2
67�6
12�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
73�7
1�8
40�2
0�1
13�2
23�6
1�1
8�0
0�0
16�1
41�6
13�0
0�0
3�2
1�5
6�3
79�4
143�2
3�9

1�6
0�0
1�5
13�5
39�2
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
18�5
0�0
5�6
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�8
0�0
10�3
6�4
2�3
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
5�8
23�9
0�5

113

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.9.1  Gross Heat Generation

TOTAL – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (PJ)

EU-28

3 000 

2 500

2 000 

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

GROSS HEAT GENERATION – BY FUEL – 1990-2017 (PJ)

1 600

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat,  
Oil Shale and Sands

Nuclear

Wastes non-RES

Oil and Petroleum Products

Renewables and Biofuels Others

Natural Gas and  
Manufactured Gases

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

114

 
2.10 Transport

2.10.1 Fuels Final Consumption

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND BIOFUELS – EU-28 

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C

m
u
e
l
o
r
t
e
P

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

l

a
n
F

i

254 322
269 493
278 394
282 454
291 703
298 686
297 536
301 034
304 138
307 303
313 962
313 915
318 188
320 962
312 830
302 816
299 831
296 357
285 978
283 196
286 729
291 089
298 626
303 031

ktoe
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

e
n
i
l
o
s
a
G

r
o
t
o
M

G
P
L

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
C

s
l
e
u
f
o
B

i

l

a
n
F

i

l
i

O

l
e
s
e
D

i

/

s
a
G

e
n
i
l
o
s
a
g
o
B

i

i

l
e
s
e
d
o
B

i

2 710�8 136 565�1 107 853�4
3 058�0 136 520�8 123 648�6
3 196�2 138 057�3 130 254�4
3 491�0 137 570�0 134 170�3
3 575�4 137 865�5 142 480�6
3 560�7 138 453�3 148 725�2
3 684�7 132 463�2 153 516�0
3 911�5 130 143�0 159 178�6
4 180�9 128 141�2 164 346�6
4 342�7 123 459�7 171 831�6
4 679�1 119 970�1 181 265�9
4 824�0 114 530�2 186 124�4
4 989�9 110 619�6 193 750�8
4 953�3 106 926�2 199 747�9
5 103�6 101 256�2 197 962�1
97 118�2 192 326�2
5 267�3
91 430�2 195 146�5
5 313�1
87 863�1 195 582�0
5 509�5
81 938�2 191 792�8
5 478�0
79 182�7 191 917�2
5 788�6
78 952�4 195 675�0
5 859�1
77 452�9 201 102�7
5 982�4
77 711�9 207 890�2
5 987�3
77 942�2 211 512�7
6 080�0

5�7
181�7
266�5
368�1
356�3
400�3
619�8
744�1
1 015�9
1 394�5
1 902�1
3 202�8
5 357�5
7 493�9
9 501�3
11 259�4
12 719�0
13 111�3
13 702�0
12 688�9
13 767�5
13 511�4
13 297�6
14 740�0

6
0
153
25
223
39
304
55
283
64
328
60
547
59
660
66
835
159
1 141
243
1 577
306
2 454
594
3 865
902
5 683
1 188
7 435
1 806
8 959
2 243
2 810
9 871
2 879 10 220
2 826 10 864
2 679 10 006
2 665 11 094
2 699 10 808
2 650 10 643
2 778 11 961

EU-28 – FUELS CONSUMPTION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR –   
1990-2017 (ktoe)

225 000
200 000
175 000
150 000
125 000
100 000
75 000
50 000
25 000
0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

LPG

Motor Gasoline

Gas/Diesel oil

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

115

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.10.2 Biofuels

BY FUEL – EU-28 

Production

Share in Transport Fuels

n

i

i

l
e
s
e
d
o
B
f
o

i

l
i

O

i

l
e
s
e
D
/
s
a
G

0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�4 %
0�4 %
0�5 %
0�7 %
0�9 %
1�3 %
2�0 %
2�8 %
3�6 %
4�5 %
4�8 %
5�0 %
5�4 %
5�0 %
5�4 %
5�1 %
4�9 %
5�4 %

t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
T

l

a
t
o
T

s
l
e
u
F

n

i

s
l
e
u
f
o
B
f
o

i

0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�2 %
0�2 %
0�3 %
0�5 %
0�6 %
1�0 %
1�7 %
2�3 %
2�9 %
3�6 %
4�1 %
4�2 %
4�6 %
4�3 %
4�6 %
4�4 %
4�3 %
4�6 %

n

i

e
n
i
l
o
s
a
g
o
B
f
o

i

e
n
i
l
o
s
a
G
r
o
t
o
M

%

0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�0 %
0�1 %
0�1 %
0�2 %
0�3 %
0�5 %
0�8 %
1�1 %
1�8 %
2�3 %
3�0 %
3�2 %
3�3 %
3�3 %
3�3 %
3�4 %
3�3 %
3�4 %

s
l
e
u
f
o
B

i

l

a
t
o
T

e
n
i
l
o
s
a
g
o
B
e
r
u
P

i

ktoe

i

l
e
s
e
d
o
B
e
r
u
P

i

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

6
7
19
46
131
219
309
396
381
442
710
886
1 187
1 496
2 190
3 290
5 294
7 079
8 477
10 334
11 554
10 344
11 167
12 661
14 014
13 581
13 553
15 104

0
0
2
18
25
25
39
54
63
59
60
71
160
263
311
382
634
871
1 316
1 574
1 868
1 645
1 957
2 571
2 282
2 192
2 255
2 416

6
7
15
24
93
185
265
333
308
371
635
791
998
1 185
1 773
2 516
3 591
5 084
6 349
7 825
8 874
8 378
8 891
9 708
11 381
10 984
10 780
12 239

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.10.2 Biofuels

PRODUCTION BIOFUELS – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (ktoe)

Total Biofuels

Pure Biogasoline

Pure Biodiesel

16 000

14 000

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

BIOFUELS SHARE IN TRANSPORT FUELS – EU-28 – 1990-2017 (%)

of Biofuels in Total Transport Fuels

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

6 %

5%

4 %

3%

2 %

1%

0 %

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

117

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.11 Energy Efficiency

2.11.1 Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030*

ALL FUELS

toe/M€ '2010
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 619
100 %

2005
1 720
106 %

2010
1 660
103 %

2015
1 537
95 %

2016
1 547
96 %

2017
1 562
96 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

52
18
39
19
317
5
14
27
115
240
8
166
2
4
7
4
24
1
67
27
85
23
35
6
16
32
46
222

52
19
43
19
320
5
15
30
137
261
9
181
2
4
8
5
26
1
70
33
88
25
36
7
17
34
49
223

54
17
43
20
312
6
15
27
123
254
9
167
3
5
6
5
25
1
72
32
97
23
33
7
17
36
49
205

46
18
40
17
295
5
14
23
119
244
8
149
2
4
6
4
23
1
64
32
90
22
31
6
15
31
45
183

49
18
40
17
298
6
15
23
119
240
8
148
2
4
6
4
24
1
65
32
95
22
31
7
15
32
47
180

49
18
40
18
298
6
14
23
126
240
8
149
3
4
6
4
24
1
65
33
99
23
32
7
16
32
46
177

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2020-2030 –  
ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (toe/M€ '2010)

EU-28

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* This indicator should be used also for tracking progress towards Europe 2020-2030 energy  
effiicency targets� This indicator is in line to the previous Eurostat methodology, which was used  
to calculate the targets�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

118

 
2.11.2 Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030*

ALL FUELS

toe/M€ '2010
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
1 133
100 %

2005
1 193
105 %

2010
1 163
103 %

2015
1 088
96 %

2016
1 110
98 %

2017
1 123
99 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

38
9
25
15
220
2
11
19
80
155
6
125
2
3
4
4
16
0
52
24
55
18
23
4
11
24
35
153

37
10
26
16
219
3
13
21
98
160
7
137
2
4
5
4
19
0
54
28
58
19
25
5
12
25
34
153

38
9
25
16
220
3
12
19
89
154
7
129
2
4
5
4
17
1
55
28
66
18
23
5
12
26
34
143

36
9
24
14
212
3
11
17
80
147
7
116
2
4
5
4
17
1
49
27
62
16
22
5
10
24
32
133

36
10
25
14
217
3
12
17
82
149
7
116
2
4
5
4
18
1
50
28
67
16
22
5
10
25
32
134

36
10
25
15
219
3
12
17
84
149
7
115
2
4
5
4
19
1
50
28
71
17
23
5
11
25
33
133

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2020-2030 –  
ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (toe/M€ '2010)

EU-28

1 500

1 000

500

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* This indicator should be used also for tracking progress towards Europe 2020-2030 energy  
effiicency targets� This indicator is in line to the previous Eurostat methodology, which was used  
to calculate the targets�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

119

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.11.3 Energy Intensity

ALL FUELS

toe/M€ '2010
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
159
100 %

2005
154
97 %

2010
142
89 %

2015
124
78 %

2016
122
77 %

2017
121
76 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

208
766
360
92
146
454
115
165
150
147
240
113
187
315
398
119
312
272
164
115
364
156
444
231
423
211
164
149

196
628
328
86
143
359
95
147
149
146
224
118
166
266
338
135
285
267
166
123
324
161
353
221
349
196
157
131

188
470
291
87
131
399
91
137
128
136
210
112
152
274
249
116
269
362
156
116
281
138
279
200
262
197
143
117

155
454
249
70
114
324
59
139
122
125
190
101
142
219
207
91
231
266
133
107
228
137
220
176
212
175
122
95

163
428
240
70
112
343
60
136
119
121
185
99
147
218
210
89
230
271
132
106
233
135
209
178
207
177
125
92

162
426
239
69
111
317
55
141
121
119
186
101
144
213
210
90
230
302
129
105
232
137
206
173
211
173
123
88

ENERGY INTENSITY – ALL FUELS – 1990-2017  
(toe/M€ '2010)

EU-28

200

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

120

 
 
2.11.4 Energy Consumption per Capita

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – ALL FUELS

kgoe/cap
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
3 554
100 %

5 805
2 275
4 016
3 658
4 168
3 379
3 804
2 575
3 077
4 229
1 877
3 066
3 511
1 623
2 051
8 433
2 468
2 080
4 934
3 650
2 332
2 476
1 637
3 244
3 284
6 315
5 384
3 968

2005
3 713
104 %

5 653
2 612
4 465
3 663
4 181
3 880
3 759
2 815
3 349
4 416
2 277
3 273
3 476
2 040
2 617
10 411
2 825
2 324
5 134
4 171
2 425
2 614
1 807
3 667
3 480
6 629
5 735
3 902

2010
3 514
99 %

5 643
2 408
4 358
3 687
4 090
4 243
3 319
2 532
2 806
4 171
2 198
2 988
3 365
2 183
2 174
9 254
2 655
2 266
5 198
4 113
2 671
2 305
1 726
3 525
3 286
6 863
5 429
3 408

2015
3 223
91 %

4 784
2 589
4 018
3 069
3 898
4 128
3 023
2 198
2 655
3 914
2 009
2 562
2 704
2 205
2 365
7 425
2 557
1 721
4 506
3 901
2 519
2 215
1 603
3 124
3 000
5 936
4 956
2 953

2016
3 232
91 %

5 027
2 553
3 973
3 126
3 883
4 554
3 149
2 173
2 685
3 840
2 044
2 543
2 896
2 231
2 452
7 278
2 603
1 595
4 578
3 880
2 646
2 217
1 607
3 232
3 012
6 159
5 143
2 884

2017
3 275
92 %

4 989
2 661
4 106
3 167
3 904
4 382
3 063
2 250
2 819
3 832
2 134
2 633
2 996
2 334
2 589
7 343
2 723
1 801
4 583
3 924
2 767
2 327
1 703
3 282
3 173
6 163
5 049
2 817

ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (kgoe/cap)

EU-28

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

121

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.11.5 Final Electricity Consumption per Capita

ALL FUELS

kWh/cap
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
5 187
100 %

7 573
2 961
4 804
6 089
5 884
3 579
5 371
4 005
4 657
6 357
2 631
4 795
4 339
1 880
1 764
13 319
2 880
4 031
5 993
6 441
2 563
3 744
1 511
5 293
4 077
14 636
14 526
5 604

2005
5 629
109 %

7 678
3 345
5 421
6 184
6 330
4 445
5 923
4 640
5 595
6 735
3 344
5 199
5 402
2 547
2 377
13 340
3 203
4 614
6 403
7 011
2 751
4 414
1 817
6 379
4 253
15 420
14 504
5 794

2010
5 640
109 %

7 686
3 652
5 183
5 792
6 509
5 181
5 588
4 777
5 266
6 868
3 686
5 057
5 960
2 931
2 652
13 132
3 416
4 406
6 501
7 164
3 122
4 718
2 036
5 835
4 477
15 603
14 048
5 263

2015
5 409
104 %

7 271
3 933
5 169
5 451
6 339
5 211
5 360
4 677
4 995
6 507
3 631
4 729
4 830
3 253
3 198
11 056
3 682
4 808
6 175
7 115
3 363
4 416
2 166
6 199
4 495
14 341
12 810
4 681

2016
5 453
105 %

7 260
4 040
5 292
5 450
6 296
5 547
5 411
4 948
5 007
6 595
3 651
4 715
5 186
3 292
3 375
11 050
3 779
4 693
6 244
7 130
3 499
4 486
2 189
6 310
4 605
14 731
12 942
4 648

2017
5 472
105 %

7 217
4 211
5 420
5 445
6 289
5 486
5 403
5 012
5 041
6 539
3 846
4 819
5 313
3 325
3 532
10 825
3 928
5 066
6 185
7 157
3 576
4 524
2 275
6 549
4 747
14 726
12 732
4 567

FINAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA –  
ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (kWh/cap)

EU-28

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

122

 
2.11.6 Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030*

ALL FUELS

toe/M€ '2010
EU-28
Index 2000

2000
145
100 %

2005
140
97 %

2010
129
89 %

2015
113
78 %

2016
112
77 %

2017
110
76 %

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

169
723
341
85
134
427
108
142
133
136
221
107
167
308
357
117
292
150
120
108
345
137
422
223
390
200
153
141

152
597
306
81
132
336
91
131
133
136
208
111
145
246
304
134
264
153
117
117
307
142
329
211
325
187
145
123

148
455
272
82
121
378
88
120
114
128
196
104
138
256
220
115
249
141
112
110
267
126
263
193
247
190
132
111

120
435
233
65
105
302
58
125
111
116
178
96
127
202
172
90
214
87
96
101
214
126
212
171
198
166
110
89

126
412
229
65
104
322
58
124
108
113
174
94
129
199
175
88
213
78
96
100
219
124
201
172
194
168
111
86

124
412
222
65
102
295
53
124
110
110
175
93
129
198
171
90
211
83
93
100
218
126
199
166
198
161
108
83

PRIMARY ENERGY INTENSITY – ALL FUELS –  
1990-2017 (toe/M€ '2010)

EU-28

200

150

100

50

0

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

* Ratio between primary energy consumption 2020-2030 and GDP chain linked 2010�

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

123

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2 .11 .7 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Intensity  

of Fuel Combustion

ALL FUELS

kg CO2/toe
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
2 322
100 %

1 784
2 187
2 960
2 745
2 542
3 163
2 958
3 485
2 328
1 539
2 161
2 630
2 630
1 892
1 501
2 212
2 167
3 135
2 134
1 897
3 611
2 394
2 719
2 365
2 055
1 646
1 030
2 412

2005
2 245
97 %

1 787
2 274
2 649
2 560
2 413
3 184
2 958
3 469
2 369
1 453
2 200
2 532
2 800
1 755
1 486
2 406
1 962
2 784
2 067
1 963
3 579
2 331
2 653
2 258
1 977
1 547
929
2 381

2010
2 148
93 %

1 614
2 576
2 466
2 406
2 395
3 348
2 676
3 306
2 036
1 365
2 088
2 367
2 719
1 825
1 886
2 311
1 834
2 707
2 077
1 734
3 357
2 000
2 458
2 262
1 858
1 640
930
2 368

2015
2 059
89 %

1 595
2 439
2 332
1 989
2 424
2 925
2 588
2 976
2 063
1 238
1 956
2 266
2 655
1 637
1 600
2 128
1 720
2 269
2 134
1 595
3 326
2 099
2 472
2 079
1 736
1 250
784
2 156

2016
2 035
88 %

1 478
2 319
2 388
2 027
2 416
2 918
2 548
2 852
1 955
1 268
1 981
2 270
2 638
1 650
1 601
2 054
1 737
1 968
2 091
1 608
3 275
2 055
2 406
2 135
1 743
1 284
728
2 076

2017
2 011
87 %

1 470
2 361
2 278
1 858
2 376
3 215
2 509
2 895
1 974
1 278
1 957
2 168
2 584
1 587
1 538
2 024
1 730
1 951
2 046
1 635
3 256
2 134
2 259
2 065
1 707
1 210
726
2 041

GHG INTENSITY OF FUEL COMBUSTION –  
ALL FUELS – 1990-2017 (kg CO2/toe)

EU-28

3 000

2 500 

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0
9
9
1

1
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

3
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

7
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

9
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Sources: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019, Eurostat 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

124

 
2.12 Renewable Energy (RES) 

Indicators

*
2.12.1 Renewable Energy (RES) Shares

OVERALL AND HEATING & COOLING 

Overall RES with Aviation Cap**

RES-H&C – 
Renewable Heating & Cooling

%
EU-28

2005
9�1

2010
13�1

2016
17�0

2017
17�5

2005
11�1

2010
15�4

2016
19�0

2017
19�5

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2�3
9�4
7�1
16�0
7�1
17�4
2�8
7�0
8�4
9�6
23�7
7�6
3�1
32�3
16�8
1�4
6�9
0�1
2�5
23�7
6�9
19�5
17�2
16�0
6�4
28�8
40�5
1�3

5�7
14�1
10�5
22�2
11�7
24�6
5�8
9�8
13�8
12�7
25�1
13�0
6�0
30�4
19�6
2�9
12�7
1�0
3�9
29�9
9�3
24�2
23�2
20�4
9�1
32�4
47�2
3�7

8�7
18�8
14�9
32�6
14�9
28�6
9�3
15�1
17�4
15�9
28�3
17�4
9�3
37�1
25�6
5�4
14�3
6�2
5�9
33�0
11�3
28�4
25�0
21�3
12�0
39�1
53�8
9�2

9�1
18�7
14�8
35�8
15�5
29�2
10�7
16�3
17�5
16�3
27�3
18�3
9�9
39�0
25�8
6�4
13�3
7�2
6�6
32�6
10�9
28�1
24�5
21�6
11�5
41�0
54�5
10�2

3�4
14�3
10�9
22�8
7�7
32�2
3�5
12�8
9�4
12�4
30�0
8�2
10�0
42�7
29�3
3�6
9�9
1�0
2�4
21�9
10�2
32�1
17�9
18�9
5�0
39�1
51�8
0�8

6�1
24�4
14�1
31�0
12�1
43�3
4�3
17�9
12�6
16�2
32�8
15�6
18�2
40�7
32�5
4�8
18�1
7�5
3�1
28�7
11�7
33�9
27�2
28�1
7�9
44�2
60�9
2�7

8�1
30�0
19�8
42�2
13�1
51�2
6�3
24�6
17�1
21�1
37�6
18�9
23�0
51�8
46�6
7�3
20�9
16�1
5�4
32�2
14�7
35�1
26�9
34�0
9�9
53�8
68�5
7�0

8�0
29�9
19�7
46�6
13�4
51�6
6�9
26�6
17�5
21�4
36�6
20�1
24�5
54�6
46�5
8�1
19�6
19�8
5�9
32�1
14�5
34�4
26�6
33�3
9�8
54�9
69�1
7�5

* Of the Gross Final Energy�
** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules�

Source: Eurostat-RES SHARES, March 2019  
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

125

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.12.1 Renewable Energy (RES) Shares
*

ELECTRICITY AND TRANSPORT 

RES-E – Electricity Generation

RES-T – Transport**

%
EU-28

2005
14�8

2010
19�7

2016
29�6

2017
30�7

2005
1�8

2010
5�2

2016
7�1

2017
7�4

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2�4
9�3
3�8
24�7
10�5
1�0
7�2
8�2
19�1
13�7
35�4
16�3
0�0
43�0
3�8
3�2
4�4

6�3
61�9
2�7
27�7
26�9
28�7
15�7
26�9
50�9
4�1

7�1
12�7
7�5
32�7
18�2
10�2
15�6
12�3
29�8
14�8
37�5
20�1
1�4
42�1
7�4
3�8
7�1
0�0
9�6
65�6
6�7
40�6
30�4
32�2
17�8
27�7
56�0
7�5

15�8
19�2
13�6
53�9
32�2
15�2
26�8
22�7
36�6
19�2
46�6
34�0
8�6
51�3
16�9
6�7
7�3
5�7
12�6
73�3
13�4
54�0
42�7
32�1
22�5
32�9
64�9
24�6

17�2
19�1
13�7
60�4
34�4
17�0
30�1
24�5
36�3
19�9
46�4
34�1
8�9
54�4
18�3
8�1
7�5
6�6
13�8
72�2
13�1
54�2
41�6
32�4
21�3
35�2
65�9
28�1

0�6
0�8
0�9
0�4
4�0
0�2
0�1
0�1
1�3
2�1
1�0
1�1

2�4
0�6
0�2
0�9

0�5
5�1
1�6
0�5
1�7
0�8
1�6
0�9
6�2
0�5

4�7
1�4
5�1
1�2
6�4
0�4
2�5
1�9
5�0
6�5
1�1
4�7
2�0
4�0
3�8
2�1
6�1

3�4
10�7
6�6
5�6
3�4
3�1
5�3
4�4
9�2
3�3

6�0
7�2
6�4
6�8
7�0
0�4
5�2
1�6
5�3
8�7
1�3
7�4
2�7
2�8
3�6
5�9
7�6
5�4
4�9
10�6
3�9
7�7
6�2
1�6
7�7
9�0
31�1
5�0

6�6
7�2
6�6
6�9
7�0
0�4
7�4
1�8
5�9
9�1
1�2
6�5
2�6
2�5
3�7
6�4
6�8
6�8
5�9
9�7
4�2
7�9
6�6
2�7
7�0
18�8
32�1
5�1

* Of the Gross Final Energy�
** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules�

Source: Eurostat-RES SHARES, March 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

126

 
*
2.12.1 Renewable Energy (RES) Shares

IN THE GROSS FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – EU-28 (%)

35 %

Overall Renewable Share (with Aviation Cap)

RES-H&C – Renewable Heating and Cooling 

30 %

RES-E – Renewable Electricity Generation

RES-T – Renewable Energy in Transport

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

30.7 %

19.5 %

17.5 %

7.4 %

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

* Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules�

Source: Eurostat-RES SHARES, March 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

127

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13 Energy Prices and Taxes

2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL OIL – ALL TAXES INCLUDED* 

Current Prices (€/litre)
EU-28

2009
1�01

2010
1�17

2015
1�24

2017
1�21

2018
1�33

2019
1�34

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�95
0�84
0�99
1�05
1�07
0�91
1�02
0�97
0�91
1�00

1�08
0�83
0�92
0�89
0�85
0�96
0�96
1�00
0�97
0�84
1�00
0�83
1�01
1�10
0�99
1�04
1�17

1�14
0�98
1�21
1�21
1�20
1�10
1�22
1�24
1�07
1�14

1�21
1�00
1�06
1�02
0�99
1�16
1�04
1�15
1�10
1�06
1�15
1�03
1�15
1�11
1�13
1�25
1�39

1�16
1�13
1�15
1�28
1�18
1�08
1�26
1�18
1�12
1�15
1�16
1�41
1�23
1�06
1�07
1�02
1�16
1�27
1�24
1�12
1�08
1�19
1�20
1�18
1�14
1�31
1�37
1�59

1�25
1�01
1�12
1�25
1�17
1�17
1�24
1�26
1�10
1�23
1�17
1�38
1�20
1�05
1�03
0�99
1�16
1�18
1�22
1�11
1�04
1�24
1�04
1�18
1�13
1�30
1�43
1�37

1�42
1�11
1�23
1�37
1�28
1�31
1�34
1�39
1�21
1�44
1�31
1�49
1�31
1�19
1�15
1�10
1�24
1�20
1�34
1�22
1�15
1�35
1�22
1�28
1�25
1�40
1�51
1�47

1�44
1�11
1�23
1�39
1�26
1�32
1�33
1�38
1�22
1�45
1�31
1�48
1�23
1�20
1�14
1�09
1�23
1�23
1�35
1�21
1�19
1�37
1�21
1�25
1�23
1�42
1�51
1�51

* First semester 2019 (07/01/19 -24/06/19)�

Sources: DG Energy, Member States, Weekly Oil Bulletin 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

128

 
2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

EURO-SUPER 95 – ALL TAXES INCLUDED* 

Current Prices (€/litre)
EU-28

2009
1�16

2010
1�33

2015
1�40

2017
1�35

2018
1�43

2019
1�41

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

1�24
0�88
1�03
1�28
1�26
0�92
1�11
1�00
1�01
1�21

1�23
0�88
0�96
1�02
1�03
1�00
1�12
1�35
1�04
0�96
1�23
0�84
1�05
1�11
1�28
1�12
1�12

1�40
1�02
1�25
1�44
1�39
1�11
1�30
1�43
1�16
1�34

1�36
1�04
1�09
1�18
1�16
1�22
1�19
1�49
1�19
1�13
1�37
1�06
1�20
1�25
1�43
1�34
1�36

1�37
1�10
1�15
1�50
1�40
1�11
1�37
1�48
1�23
1�36
1�26
1�54
1�23
1�13
1�16
1�18
1�16
1�36
1�56
1�20
1�11
1�43
1�20
1�29
1�29
1�47
1�41
1�54

1�35
1�03
1�15
1�50
1�37
1�19
1�36
1�51
1�22
1�38
1�27
1�53
1�21
1�15
1�13
1�16
1�15
1�31
1�55
1�18
1�08
1�46
1�05
1�27
1�28
1�46
1�46
1�34

1�40
1�10
1�25
1�59
1�44
1�33
1�44
1�60
1�29
1�51
1�36
1�60
1�28
1�27
1�22
1�22
1�20
1�33
1�62
1�26
1�16
1�54
1�19
1�33
1�36
1�52
1�50
1�42

1�39
1�06
1�23
1�60
1�42
1�33
1�38
1�57
1�28
1�50
1�33
1�56
1�17
1�24
1�18
1�20
1�17
1�36
1�64
1�23
1�16
1�49
1�15
1�27
1�32
1�51
1�49
1�41

* First semester 2019 (07/01/19 -24/06/19)�

Sources: DG Energy, Member States, Weekly Oil Bulletin 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

129

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

CONSUMER PRICES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
EU-28 WEIGHTED AVERAGE * (€ per LITRE)

Euro-Super 95

Automotive Diesel Oil

Heating Gas Oil

LPG

2�0

1�8

1�6

1�4

1�2

1�0

0�8

0�6

0�4

0�2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

8
1
0
2

9
1
0
2

* First semester 2019 (07/01/19 -24/06/19)�
All Taxes Included, weekly prices�
Incomplete EU-28 series for the period 2005-2013 due to later accesion to the EU of Bulgaria, 
Croatia and Romania�

Sources: DG Energy, Member States, Weekly Oil Bulletin 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

130

 
2.13.2 Fuel Prices  – Domestic Consumers

*

GAS – BAND D2 
20GJ < CONSUMPTION < 200GJ – 2ND SEMESTER**

€/GJ (GCV)
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2009
14�62

14�33
9�67
13�11
23�64
16�35
10�07
15�29

14�88
16�20
9�10
14�84

10�52
11�29
12�82
13�23

18�73
17�23
12�78
16�52
7�45
14�96
13�21

26�12
11�84

2010
15�86

16�78
11�98
14�35
26�81
15�86
11�14
14�63

15�00
15�98
10�54
21�86

11�28
12�59
13�13
15�38

19�99
16�71
14�04
17�49
7�73
18�68
12�39

29�48
11�72

2015
19�77

17�24
10�86
16�21
24�48
18�93
10�68
20�11
20�83
26�57
20�35
12�76
25�13

13�47
12�12
13�40
9�78

22�30
19�75
13�84
27�28
9�45
16�91
13�74

32�58
18�56

2016
17�65

14�83
8�65
15�65
23�83
17�83
9�10
18�83
18�12
23�82
18�79
10�28
23�29

11�29
10�76
11�62
9�99

22�45
18�71
12�26
22�63
8�98
15�64
12�37

31�73
13�93

2017
17�60

15�32
10�42
15�73
24�30
16�93
11�46
18�04

24�03
19�31
10�16
24�28

10�91
10�98
11�06
10�14

22�65
19�40
12�27
22�19
8�55
14�76
12�36

31�26
13�32

* All Taxes and Levies Included�
** Prices from second semester each year�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

2018
18�61

17�36
12�15
15�80
25�37
16�88
11�80
21�14
18�18
24�29
21�19
9�99
26�43

12�50
11�24
11�91
9�64

23�91
19�48
12�50
21�77
9�83
16�02
12�76

33�97
14�38

131

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13.2 Fuel Prices  – Domestic Consumers

*

ELECTRICITY – BAND DC 
2 500 kWh < CONSUMPTION < 5 000 kWh 
2ND SEMESTER**

€/100 kWh
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2009
16�38

18�64
8�18
15�33
25�55
22�94
9�20
18�55
10�32
16�84
12�07
11�64
19�97
16�42
10�54
9�26
18�82
16�62
15�13
19�06
19�09
12�91
15�94
9�79
13�41
15�60
12�89
16�46
14�07

2010
17�31

19�74
8�30
15�49
27�08
24�38
10�04
18�75
12�11
18�51
13�50
11�53
19�20
20�21
10�48
12�16
17�47
15�74
16�53
17�89
19�30
13�82
16�66
10�52
14�26
16�37
13�70
19�58
14�49

2015
21�02

23�52
9�57
14�08
30�42
29�46
12�91
24�54
17�71
23�70
16�82
13�12
24�28
18�38
16�50
12�43
17�67
11�45
12�69
18�46
19�83
14�18
22�85
13�19
16�31
15�17
15�30
18�74
21�83

2016
20�38

27�45
9�38
14�21
30�84
29�77
12�38
23�38
17�23
22�84
17�11
13�31
22�61
16�21
16�24
11�71
16�98
11�25
12�74
15�92
20�10
13�52
22�98
12�33
16�29
15�37
15�45
19�62
18�31

2017
20�42

28�77
9�83
14�88
30�10
30�48
13�19
23�55
16�20
21�77
17�56
12�36
20�80
18�26
15�82
11�07
16�18
11�34
12�98
15�56
19�78
14�51
22�30
12�89
16�13
14�42
15�99
19�93
18�56

2018
21�13

29�37
10�05
15�86
31�23
30�00
14�18
25�39
16�46
24�77
17�99
13�21
21�61
21�83
15�11
10�97
16�91
11�18
13�06
17�07
20�12
13�96
22�93
13�17
16�38
14�62
16�98
19�90
20�24

* All Taxes and Levies Included�
** Prices from second semester each year�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

132

 
 
2.13.3 Fuel Prices  – Industrial Consumers

*

GAS – BAND I3 
10 000 GJ < CONSUMPTION < 100 000 GJ 
2ND SEMESTER**

€/GJ (GCV)
EU-28

2009
8�31

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

8�50
5�96
7�56
6�85
9�61
6�39
7�31

7�53
8�80
7�43
7�83

7�69
7�55
10�03
10�06

9�72
9�07
8�36
7�22
5�93
9�61
8�91
8�00
12�47
6�06

2010
9�06

8�20
8�41
10�07
10�72
11�09
7�85
8�80

8�08
9�69
10�95
8�34

8�84
9�40
11�72
9�93

8�62
9�78
9�02
9�28
6�11
11�81
10�22
9�13
13�43
6�33

2015
9�56

7�94
7�49
8�17
10�19
10�47
7�54
10�28
10�00
8�81
10�19
9�74
8�87

8�17
6�05
10�33
9�38

8�91
10�50
9�39
10�52
8�05
10�57
9�63
11�73
11�61
9�75

2016
8�31

7�15
5�34
7�16
9�01
9�21
6�50
9�43
7�85
7�22
10�51
7�63
7�58

6�89
6�81
9�17
7�63

7�91
9�48
7�26
7�68
7�27
9�07
8�67
12�21
10�67
6�91

2017
7�84

6�36
7�02
6�82
9�30
8�51
7�69
8�96
7�64
7�40
9�59
6�87
7�02

7�92
9�19
8�71
6�84

7�48
9�22
7�66
7�52
7�10
8�88
8�07
14�79
12�95
6�22

* Excluding VAT and other recoverable Taxes and Levies�
** Prices from second semester each year�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

2018
8�69

6�99
8�03
7�41
10�67
8�76
9�04
10�78
9�32
8�29
10�85
7�87
8�13

9�00
10�74
9�22
7�91

8�25
9�44
8�66
8�21
7�81
9�53
8�56
16�28
13�35
7�70

133

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13.3 Fuel Prices  – Industrial Consumers

*

ELECTRICITY – BAND IC 
500 MWh < CONSUMPTION < 2 000 MWh 
2ND SEMESTER**

€/100 kWh
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2009
10�11

10�79
6�39
11�22
9�20
11�34
6�45
11�75
9�36
11�20
6�48
9�04
13�70
14�94
8�93
7�90
11�58
12�97
12�91
10�61
11�62
9�33
9�44
8�28
9�62
14�03
6�83
6�89
10�12

2010
10�38

10�54
6�64
10�81
9�61
11�90
7�27
11�31
10�26
10�93
7�16
9�04
14�43
17�30
9�07
10�46
10�24
10�53
18�10
9�70
11�28
9�87
9�20
8�08
10�05
11�98
6�83
8�41
10�00

2015
11�81

10�81
7�82
7�83
8�99
14�93
9�58
13�57
11�50
11�33
9�51
9�28
15�97
14�12
11�83
9�97
8�93
8�70
14�05
8�46
10�47
8�61
11�54
8�02
8�70
11�22
7�06
5�90
15�20

2016
11�29

11�58
7�88
7�32
9�36
14�92
8�96
12�45
11�15
10�29
9�03
8�77
15�56
12�95
12�01
8�82
8�58
7�96
13�99
8�05
10�04
8�15
11�32
7�71
8�32
11�12
6�94
6�56
12�78

2017
11�18

10�87
7�90
7�10
8�46
15�14
8�46
12�41
11�90
10�32
9�20
9�20
14�49
13�92
11�59
8�25
8�03
7�79
13�64
7�64
9�97
8�62
11�47
7�86
7�84
11�13
6�76
6�47
12�46

2018
11�49

11�42
8�46
7�21
7�88
15�16
9�24
13�49
10�59
10�98
8�89
10�13
14�34
18�11
10�47
8�99
8�46
8�22
13�56
8�09
10�11
8�84
11�70
8�66
8�66
12�01
7�07
7�27
14�23

* Excluding VAT and other recoverable Taxes and Levies�
** Prices from second semester each year�

Source: Eurostat, May 2019
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

134

 
 
S TAT I S T I C A L  P O C K E T B O O K   2019

Socio-Economic
         Indicators 

     in the EU

#3 
 
 
 
 
 
Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

Socio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSummary

3.1 

Classification of the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 138
Comparative Table � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 138
3.1.1 

3.2 

Enterprises in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139
Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139
3.2.1 

3.2.2 

Turnover in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 143

3.2.3 

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector  147

3.3 

Economy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151
GDP at Current Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151
3.3.1 

3.3.2 

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 152

3.3.3 

3.3.4 

GDP at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 153

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 154

3.4  Demography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 155
Population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 155

3.4.1 

3.5 

Employment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 156
Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)  � � � 156
3.5.1 

3.5.2 

3.5.3 

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 157

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158

137

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Socio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EUSocio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.1  Classification of  
the Energy Sector

*

3.1.1  Comparative Table

EUROSTAT (NACE) AND UN (ISIC) CLASSIFICATIONS

NACE rev 2
B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite
05�10: Mining of Hard Coal
05�20: Mining of Lignite

B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas

06�10: Extraction of Crude Petroleum
06�20: Extraction of Natural Gas

B07: Mining of Metal Ores

07�21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores

B08: Other Mining and Quarrying

08�92: Extraction of Peat

B09: Mining Support Service Activities

09�10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction

C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products

19�10: Manufacture of Coke Oven Products
19�20: Manufacture of Refined Petroleum Products
D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 

35�11: Production of Electricity

Power Generation, Hydroelectric
Power Generation, Fossil Fuel
Power Generation, Nuclear
Electric Power Generation, Solar
Electric Power Generation, Wind
Electric Power Generation, Geothermal
Electric Power Generation, Biomass 
Electric Power Generation, Tidal

35�12: Transmission of Electricity
35�13: Distribution of Electricity
35�14: Trade of Electricity

35�21: Manufacture of Gas
35�22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains
35�23: Trade of Gas through Mains

35�30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

ISIC 4

05�10
05�20

06�10
06�20

07�21

08�92

09�10 

19�10
19�20

35�10

35�20

35�30

* Broad Definition, The Narrow Definition only Includes Division D35�

Sources: Eurostat, UN, July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

138

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
3.2  Enterprises in  

the Energy Sector
3.2.1  Number of Enterprises  

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY – EU-28

B05:  Mining of Coal and Lignite
B06: 

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and  
Natural Gas

B07�21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores
B08�92: Extraction of Peat
B09�1:   Support Activities for Petroleum and  

Natural Gas Extraction

C19:  Manufacture of Coke and  
Refined Petroleum Products
Electricity, Gas, Steam and  
Air Conditioning Supply

D35: 

D35�1:   Electricity Power Generation, Transmis-

sion and Distribution
35�11: Production of Electricity
35�12: Transmission of Electricity
35�13: Distribution of Electricity
35�14: Trade of Electricity
D35�2:  Manufacture of Gas; Distribution  
             of Gaseous Fuels through Mains

35�21: Manufacture of Gas
35�22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels 
           through Mains
35�23: Trade of Gas through Mains
D35�3:   Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35�30: Steam & Air Conditioning Supply

2015
260

463

1 000

1 050

2016
242

417

4
947

1 151

1 075

2017
256

413

4
893

1 150

1 065

101 172

110 065

106 094

90 000

100 000

100 000

8 6 842

95 561

2 235
4 450

2 000

400

715

874
5 379
5 379

2 188
4 627

2 000

712

874
5 390
5 390

2 000

5 135
5 135

Broad Sector – no� of Enterprises Reported

103 945

113 901

109 875

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), Áugust 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

139

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
3.2.1  Number of Enterprises  

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum  
and Natural Gas (B06)

EU-28

2010
228

2015
260

2016
242

2017
256

2010
322

2015
463

2016
417

2017
413

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

23
12
0
6
0

48
6
1

0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
48
0
35
2

0

23

0
22
12
0
7
0

12
81
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
62
0
27
1

0
0

0
22
12
0
7
0

77
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
59
0
23
1

0
0

0
20
10
0
7
0

14

0
0

0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
57
0
20
1

0
0

0
7
5
9
4
1

4
32
4
3
0
1
4
0
13
0
48
2
54
0
21
1
0
0

98

0
4
5
12
4
2

19

4
12
0
2
4
0
8
0
41
2
62
0
38
1

0
4
5
11
4
2

22

5
8
0
2
5
0
13
0
42
2
57
0
35
3

0
4
5
19
4
2

3
19
42
3

0
2
5
0
15
0
41
2
52
0
30
3

0
0
140

0
0
138

0
2
146

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

140

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
3.2.1  Number of Enterprises  

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

Support Activities for Petroleum  
and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

2010
1 010

2015
1 000

2016
947

2017
893

2010
810

2015

2016
1 100

2017
1 150

EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0
10

4
74
39

0
6
23
0
12
0
49
24
0
15
0
7
7
45
1
8
0

463
82
25

0
4
17
2
91
41

7
39
0
4
0
91
26
0
13
0
6
5
32
1
5
0
42
450
70
19

0
3
13
2
97
37

0
7
12
0
4
0
95
23
0
14
0
5
5
31
1
4
0

417
69
18

72
34

7
9
0

84
24

15
0
5
5

1

0

6
7
35

0
34

36
7

0
0
0
0
40

116
8
90
1
91
3

0
45
270

14
6
55

0
35
9
46
54
4
52

2
0
0
37

251
7
104
4
106
2

0
63
251

12
6
57

1
35
9
43
45
4
49

2
0
0
34

256
7
109
6
109
2

0
63
237

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

10
6
58

0
37
9

38
5

1
0
0
36

280
7
128
8
93
3

0
61
214

141

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
3.2.1  Number of Enterprises  

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Mio 
EUR

EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Manufacture of Coke and Refined
Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and  
Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2010
1 189

2015
1 050

2016
1 075

2017
1 065

2010

2017
52 106 101 172 110 065 106 094

2015

2016

22
17
28
5
95
5

7
18
52
17
328

13
6
0
9

42
4
165
10
54
3

15
45
170

11
25
3
54
5

40
14
43
14
281

16
9
0
8

45
5
176
18
44
4

17
34
132

11
10
29
5
73
6

41
18
37
15
291

11
5
0
8

29
5
203
15
37
2

16
37
120

12
9
28
5
84
4

43
17
25
13

14
7
0
9

31
5
195
17
44
4

14
38
115

301
1 091
3 267
1 681
1 722
223
403
10
13 098
14 337
234
4 028
4
381
253
67
611

678
1 878
2 047
745
885
648
294
736
1 828
651

851
1 745
10 996
1 745
2 059
230
515
7 036
14 044
27 062
573
10 775
58
533
1 488
80
610
3
1 130
2 390
3 192
1 209
1 460
1 530
451
907
4 221
4 279

727
1 704
11 026
1 600
1 974
235
551
6 920
14 077
29 687
670
11 523
61
567
1 441
83
678
14
1 201
2 430
3 670
3 977
1 350
1 503
551
934
5 910
5 001

816
1 677
11 296
1 604
2 028
236
537
6 975
14 787
26 333
681

70
574
1 439
73
780
11
1 256
2 475
4 313
4 062
1 206
1 483
547
936
3 364
5 372

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

142

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
3.2.2  Turnover in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY – EU-28

Mio EUR
B05:  Mining of Coal and Lignite
B06:  Extraction of Crude Petroleum and  

Natural Gas

B07�21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores
B08�92: Extraction of Peat
B09�1: Support Activities for Petroleum and  

Natural Gas Extraction

C19:  Manufacture of Coke and  
Refined Petroleum Products
D35:  Electricity, Gas, Steam and  
Air Conditioning Supply
D35�1: Electricity Power Generation,  
Transmission and Distribution
35�11: Production of Electricity
35�12: Transmission of Electricity
35�13: Distribution of Electricity
35�14: Trade of Electricity
D35�2: Manufacture of Gas; Distribution  
           of Gaseous Fuels through Mains
35�21: Manufacture of Gas
35�22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels 
           through Mains
35�23: Trade of Gas through Mains
D35�3: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35�30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

2015
11 102�3

2016
9 594�6

2017
11 078�0

118 176�1

90 689�2

97 021�3

1 698�4

1 679�3

1 600.0

20 196�9

13 767�0

11 489�4

422 998�2

416 144�2

443 774�5

1 460 000�0 1 340 000�0 1 390 000�0

1 203 380�0 1 102 084�5 1 128 013�4

321 171�0
73 471�4
244 506�9
564 230�8

295 567�0
68 563�9
236 071�4
501 882�2

220 145�5

200 806�8

6 230�8

10 579�4

50 008�1

46 267�3

163 893�1

143 956�9
36 000.0
36 000.0

34 325�1
34 325�1

Broad Sector – Turnover Reported

2 034 171�9 1 871 874�3 1 954 963.0

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

143

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.2.2  Turnover in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Mio 
EUR

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum 
and Natural Gas (B06)

2010

2017
2017
EU-28 15 960.0 11 102�3 9 594�6 11 078�0 145 432.0 118 176�1 90 689�2 97 021�3

2010

2015

2016

2015

2016

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

331�1

0�0
301�0

0�0
348�8

0�0
345�0
2 811�7 1 578�0 1 391�8 1 559�7
0�0
3 921�4 2 161�5 1 968�0 2 113�2
0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0
25�5

0�0
30�4

0�0
30�4

0�0

7 049�9 3 896�0 3 010�9 3 692�5
2 762�1 2 978�4 2 479�0 2 599�6

595�6

92�7
235�6
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
8�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
5 974�2 5 754�9
0�0
20�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
7�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�0
357�9

187�7
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�3
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�0
18�1

28�8

79�7
728�4

126�2

225�6

28�6
621�4

0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
52�0
0�0 46 241�0 46 394�8 39 719�4 39 719�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
38�6
29�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�1
33�2
58�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0 34 861�9 26 734�8 17 614�2 17 170�9
0�0
6 204�5
0�0
15�0

0�0
4 191�4 4 246�2 3 657�7 4 340�3

29�3
0�0
36�5
0�0

68�5
0�0
81�1
0�0

124�0
0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0

0�0
0�0

1112�4

44 979�9 28 916�7 21 299�1 25 712�5

* Provisional data�
Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

144

 
 
EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019

3.2.2  Turnover in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Mio 
EUR

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

Support Activities for Petroleum 
and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

2010

2017
2017
EU-28 1 700.0 1 698�4 1 679�3 1 600.0 14 500.0 20 196�9 13 767�0 11 489�4

2010

2015

2015

2016

2016

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0�0
0�6

417�5
77�3

0�0
10�5
74�2
0�0
11�8
0�0
101�4
39�9
0�0
3�2
0�0

0�3
0�0

554�4
30�7

0�0

6�7

0�0

6�8

399�6
83�5

334�5
85�8

312�0
92�5

11�0
38�9
0�0

5�5
0�0

0�0

0�0
10�0
44�1
0�0
5�1
0�0
167�2

0�0
5�0
0�0

50�5

0�8
0�0

214�2
25�9
108�8

9�9
51�9
0�0
4�7
0�0
150�7
61�1
0�0
5�3
0�0

0�7
0�0
12�3
472�0
29�3
101�6

0�2

633�0

0�0
10�0
28�9
98�6
266�1

12�8
23�2
57�8
240�3

2 238�1

945�4

0�0
4�2
20�2

289�8
147�5
920�4

0�0
0�0
133�4

0�0
0�0
100�9

0�0
0�0
140�7

325�5

190�7

206�2

46�3

0�0
73�6

301�7

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
94�8

13�6
377�7

874�0

637�5

425�5

379�7

0�0

0�0
83�8

135�0
8 374�6 9 776�7 6 545�2 5 839�5

0�0

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

145

 
 
3.2.2  Turnover in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Mio 
EUR

Manufacture of Coke and Refined 
Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and  
Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2010

2017
EU-28 522 200.0 422 998�2 416 144�2 443 774�5 1 225 837.0 1 460 000�0 1 340 000�0 1 390 000�0

2017

2015

2016

2010

2015

2016

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

48 074�1

35 665�9 42 643�5

43 772�3

36 969�2

31 311�1

31 244�6

4 558�3

7 279�0

8 357�4

7 751�6

8 233�4

37 371�0

40 927�3

36 571�0

41 956�0

20 377�5

21 487�0

21 750�9

24 890�4

120 831�6 107 407�8 97 982�7 95 949�5

426 881�7

537 677�0

491 909�7

536 534�9

178�0

253�8

193�7

15 339�6 14 818�1 11 320�4 13 069�3

1 833�5

7 186�3

5 942�7

1 764�7

8 012�8

1 772�2

8 212�8

2 020�9

8 660�1

19 683�8

18 328�2

18 574�8

34 773�4 36 051�4 30 810�1 38 156�4

59 705�8

93 787�0

83 242�0

88 248�3

61 248�1 39 383�1 33 732�1

109 648�6

110 123�2

109 833�4

126 595�0

3 684�4

4 358�9

4 270�5

5 031�4

46 037�6 35 595�7 31 269�9 34 297�5

160 950�4

195 056�2

168 758�3

169 154�3

0�6

0�0

7�5

0�0

0�0

0�0

782�3

2 310�5

3 279�1

1 951�3

630�0

2 081�6

2 375�8

4 646�6

579�1

2 011�2

2 305�3

3 961�0

683�4

2 070�8

2 280�2

3 769�9

8 297�8

6 529�2

5 860�7

6 854�6

22 059�2

16 726�6

14 392�5

15 608�2

37 272�3 34 361�9 26 441�9 30 283�7

41 196�8

31 408�8

28 410�2

27 085�5

7 225�8

6 400�0

7 460�7

29 297�1

35 906�3

33 871�1

40 334�9

27 575�0 27 045�0 24 091�8 30 333�4

42 566�6

47 825�8

44 374�7

46 699�2

6 767�0

7 130�6

5 736�0

7 168�5

17 842�1

21 119�1

20 571�5

21 317�9

3 272�0

3 374�3

3 100�0

3 672�2

12 077�5

13 174�7

12 752�0

12 412�2

11 224�9

4 034�3

6 075�6

5 583�3

7 305�1

11 351�0

11 283�9

11 486�6

12 683�3

14 454�6

12 422�2

12 902�4

12 860�8

28 485�9

26 219�6

25 319�1

25 358�2

44 763�5 40 197�8 68 984�1 72 907�9

109 515�1

148 344�2

136 043�3

130 290�1

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

146

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
3.2.3  Number of Persons Declared as Employed 

in the Energy Sector 

ENTERPRISES SURVEY – EU-28

B05:   Mining of Coal and Lignite
B06:  Extraction of Crude Petroleum and  

Natural Gas

B07�21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores
B08�92: Extraction of Peat
B09�1: Support Activities for Petroleum and  

Natural Gas Extraction

C19:  Manufacture of Coke and  
Refined Petroleum Products
D35:  Electricity, Gas, Steam and  
Air Conditioning Supply

D35�1: Electricity Power Generation, Transmission 

and Distribution
35�11: Production of Electricity
35�12: Transmission of Electricity
35�13: Distribution of Electricity
35�14: Trade of Electricity
D35�2: Manufacture of Gas; Distribution  
           of Gaseous Fuels through Mains
35�21: Manufacture of Gas
35�22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels 
           through Mains
35�23: Trade of Gas through Mains
D35�3: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35�30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

2015
156 135

2016
150 229

2017
129 748

77 025

65 834

60 623

11 114

56 816

9 947

9 650

47 988

41 384

124 733

129 808

126 499

1 231 808

1 230 000

1242 274

941 130

947 202

953 336

450 003
65 320
331 383
100 496

450 642
57 236
337 511
95 743

146 357

7 801

70 172

67 600

68 370
144 321
144 321

69 670
141 767
141 767

150 000

140 000

Broad Sector – Employment Reported

1 657 631

1 633 806

1 610 178

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

147

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
3.2.3  Number of Persons Declared as Employed 

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

2010

2017
2015
EU-28 236 000 156 135 150 229 129 748

2016

13 269
24 265
0
33 672
0

6 105
28

0
0
0
0
111
0
0
0
124 925
0
18 011

0
11 995
18 716
0
17 468
0

316
1 684
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
124
0
0
0
96 076
0
1 843

0
11 332
17 299
0
16 729
0

1 690
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
97
0
0
0

0
1 246

0

0

0

0
10 300
15 145
0
13 011
0

194

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
76
0
0
0
82 036
0
953

0

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Extraction of Crude Petroleum  
and Natural Gas (B06)

2010
73 000

2015
77 025

2016
65 834

2017
60 623

0

0

0

0

566
3 754

1051
3 927

699
3 679

1 049
3 526

368

908

242
814

12 116
0
1
252
0
75
0
3 173

7 852
12 681
0
20
212
0
68
0
3 913

0
30 546

0
23 486

63
12 899
0
15
154
0
134
0
3 764

653
0
20 823

61
995

63
12 899
0
12
149
0
125
0
3 252

0
19 752

0
0

0
0
17 127

0
0
16 953

13 540

6 023

2 844

1 420

15 300

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

148

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
3.2.3  Number of Persons Declared as Employed 

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

Support Activities for Petroleum  
and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

2010
EU-28 11 144

2015
11 114

2016
9 947

2017
9 650

2010
47 730

2015
56 816

2016
47 988

2017
41 384

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

0
52

2 003
1 153

0
48
248
0
12
0
1 977
1 126
0
116
0
22

26
0

1 845
306
355

0
55
71

1 762
963

36
130
0
21
0
2 158
1 149
0
97
0
104

25
0
114
1 977
165

0

48

1 585
859

0
39
123
0
23
0
2 157

0
94
0
107

523

20
0

1 436
162
101

1 599
781

38
130
0

2 061

89
0
223

0

14
421

0
35

110

0
0
0
0
1 089

27
4 082

25

24

1587

0
29
276
191
386
2 273
2 188

2
0
0
1 062

28
282
176
411
2 005
1 876

2
0
0
877

0
32
280

524
1 842
1 824

1
0
0
848

4 638

3 345

2 780

6 267

6 771

5 202

4 776

0

22 879

0
75

0

62

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

149

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
3.2.3  Number of Persons Declared as Employed 

in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

Manufacture of Coke and Refined 
Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam  
and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2017
2017
EU-28 152 705 124 733 129 808 126 499 1 234 450 1 231 808 1 230 000 1 242 274

2010

2010

2015

2016

2015

2016

4 091

2747

2 078

4 650
1 989

4 559
2 449

19 452
1 406

22 302
1 679

22 251

21 715
1 297

4 333
8 954
15095

16 493

3 588
8 453

3 405
8 918

3 608
8 755

262
11 065

5 018
11 006

4 616
10 998

12

65

56

58

0
6 329

5 908

13 623
1 971
3 960

0
5 691

0
5 648

0
5 711

5 416
1 217
13 587
1 790
2 382

5 577
1 268
13 886
1 778
2 091

5 299
1 180
13 495
1 830
2 560
26

2 879

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

19 193
34 191
31 480
11 235

20 293
31 751
34 536
13 815

18 394
32 137
34 799
11 373

5 681
9 117
22 834
48 687

4 930
9 206
30 677
41 022

4 949
8 846
25 764
39 764

18 166
31 845
37 095
11 537
221 264 224 669 227 843 234 461
5 121
9 224
32 581
41 844
170 194 190 364 189 412 239 570
15 218
88 000
2 084
10 981
12 185
1 672
24 991

16 619
86 414
2 470
10 907
15 876
1 196
25 715

15 076
88 287
2 102
11 320
12 692
1 611
24 712

14 893
89 109
2 130
11 344
13 522
1 529
24 601
10
27 969
29 168

22 882
28 685

27 721
29 340

27 216
28 847
162 409 128 183 125 805 125 569
12 709
66 385
8 797
17 364
13 921
32 118
123 965 141 099 134 716 147 788

12 343
70 559
8 861
17 525
13 847
31 788

9 589
72 333
8 958
17 873
13 368
31 379

9 496
81 111
8 207
20 034
13 463
31 115

Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), August 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

150

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
3.3  Economy

3.3.1  GDP at Current Market Prices

Mrd EUR*
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2005

2018
11 605�4 12 841�5 14 828�7 14 958�3 15 382�3 15 872�3

2017

2010

2015

2016

311�5
23�9
109�6
212�8
2 300�9
11�3
170�2
199�2
930�6
1 765�9
36�5
1 489�7
15�0
13�7
21�0
30�0
90�9
5�1
550�9
254�1
246�2
158�7
80�2
29�2
39�3
164�4
313�6
2 030�9

365�1
38�2
156�7
243�2
2 580�1
14�7
167�7
226�0
1 080�9
1 995�3
45�2
1 604�5
19�3
17�8
28�0
40�2
98�8
6�6
639�2
295�9
361�8
179�9
125�4
36�3
67�6
187�1
369�5
1 850�5

411�0
45�3
168�5
273�0
3 048�9
20�7
262�5
177�3
1 081�2
2 198�4
44�6
1 652�1
17�7
24�3
37�4
51�6
110�9
9�6
690�0
344�3
430�3
179�8
160�3
38�9
79�1
210�0
449�2
2 611�9

424�7
48�1
176�4
282�1
3 159�8
21�7
273�2
176�5
1 118�7
2 228�6
46�6
1 689�8
18�5
25�0
38�8
53�3
113�9
10�3
708�3
356�2
426�5
186�5
170�4
40�4
81�2
216�1
463�1
2 403�4

439�1
51�7
191�7
292�8
3 277�3
23�6
294�1
180�2
1 166�3
2 291�7
49�0
1 724�2
19�6
27�0
42�2
55�3
124�0
11�3
737�0
369�9
467�2
194�6
187�5
43�0
84�9
223�9
475�2
2 338�0

450�6
54�9
207�4
297�3
3 386�0
25�7
322�5
184�9
1 206�9
2 349�0
51�5
1 753�9
20�8
29�5
45�1
58�1
131�9
12�2
772�7
386�1
494�7
201�5
203�1
45�9
90�5
232�4
467�0
2 390�2

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = €1 000 Million�

Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

151

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20193.3.2  GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices

Thousand EUR/cap*
EU-28

2005
23�5

2010
25�5

2015
29�2

2016
29�3

2017
30�1

2018
31�0

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

29�8
3�1
10�7
39�3
27�9
8�3
41�4
18�2
21�5
28�1
8�5
25�7
20�5
6�1
6�3
65�1
9�0
12�8
33�8
31�0
6�4
15�1
3�8
14�6
7�3
31�4
34�8
33�7

33�7
5�2
15�0
43�9
31�5
11�0
36�9
20�3
23�3
30�9
10�5
27�1
23�6
8�4
8�9
80�0
9�9
15�9
38�6
35�4
9�5
17�0
6�2
17�7
12�5
35�0
39�6
29�6

36�6
6�3
16�0
48�2
37�5
15�7
56�1
16�3
23�3
33�1
10�6
27�2
21�0
12�2
12�8
91�6
11�3
21�9
40�8
40�1
11�3
17�3
8�1
18�8
14�6
38�4
46�1
40�3

37�5
6�7
16�7
49�4
38�5
16�5
57�8
16�4
24�1
33�4
11�1
27�9
21�8
12�7
13�4
92�5
11�6
23�0
41�7
40�9
11�2
18�0
8�6
19�6
15�0
39�4
47�0
36�8

38�7
7�3
18�1
50�9
39�7
17�9
61�5
16�7
25�1
34�3
11�8
28�5
22�9
13�9
14�8
93�6
12�7
24�5
43�1
42�2
12�3
18�9
9�5
20�8
15�6
40�7
47�5
35�5

39�5
7�8
19�5
51�4
40�9
19�4
66�8
17�2
25�9
35�1
12�5
29�0
24�0
15�3
16�1
96�6
13�5
25�6
45�0
43�8
13�0
19�6
10�4
22�2
16�6
42�2
46�1
36�1

* €1 000' per Capita�

Sources: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, July 2019; 

Eurostat, Demography and Migration, July 2019 

Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

152

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
3.3.3  GDP at 2010 Market Prices

Mrd EUR*
EU-28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2005

2018
12 270�9 12 841�5 13 593�3 13 870�6 14 211�2 14 491�7

2010

2016

2017

2015

340�2
32�2
138�9
240�6
2 426�5
15�0
163�8
229�8
1 025�4
1 915�4
43�9
1 629�9
17�0
18�2
26�4
35�6
99�9
6�0
596�9
277�3
286�7
174�5
109�4
33�3
53�6
179�6
341�5
1 813�1

365�1
38�2
156�7
243�2
2 580�1
14�7
167�7
226�0
1 080�9
1 995�3
45�2
1 604�5
19�3
17�8
28�0
40�2
98�8
6�6
639�2
295�9
361�8
179�9
125�4
36�3
67�6
187�1
369�5
1 850�5

384�5
41�3
170�3
259�3
2 807�6
17�7
240�4
184�8
1 072�9
2 100�0
44�8
1 557�2
17�8
21�2
33�7
46�1
108�9
8�6
663�5
312�3
420�0
172�2
145�2
37�0
76�7
187�5
410�4
2 051�7

390�2
42�9
174�5
265�5
2 870�6
18�3
252�4
184�4
1 106�9
2 124�6
46�3
1 574�6
18�7
21�6
34�5
47�2
111�4
9�1
678�0
318�6
432�8
175�5
152�2
38�1
79�1
192�7
421�4
2 088�4

396�8
44�5
182�1
271�5
2 932�5
19�2
270�6
187�2
1 139�9
2 170�5
47�7
1 599�8
19�5
22�6
36�0
48�0
116�0
9�7
697�5
326�7
453�6
180�4
162�8
40�0
81�7
197�8
430�3
2 126�5

402�5
46�1
187�6
274�8
2 974�3
19�9
291�8
191�0
1 168�8
2 203�5
49�0
1 613�9
20�2
23�7
37�2
49�5
121�7
10�2
715�2
335�7
475�5
184�2
168�6
41�8
84�9
203�5
440�4
2 156�4

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = €1 000 Million�

Sources: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, July 2019; 

Eurostat, Demography and Migration, July 2019 

Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

153

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
3.3.4  GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices

Thousand EUR/cap*
EU-28

2005
24�8

2010
25�5

2015
26�7

2016
27�2

2017
27�8

2018
28�3

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

32�6
4�2
13�6
44�5
29�4
11�1
39�8
20�9
23�7
30�5
10�2
28�2
23�2
8�1
7�9
77�2
9�9
14�8
36�6
33�8
7�5
16�6
5�1
16�7
10�0
34�3
37�9
30�1

33�7
5�2
15�0
43�9
31�5
11�0
36�9
20�3
23�3
30�9
10�5
27�1
23�6
8�4
8�9
80�0
9�9
15�9
38�6
35�4
9�5
17�0
6�2
17�7
12�5
35�0
39�6
29�6

34�2
5�7
16�2
45�8
34�6
13�4
51�4
17�0
23�1
31�6
10�6
25�6
21�1
10�6
11�5
81�9
11�0
19�6
39�3
36�4
11�0
16�6
7�3
17�9
14�2
34�3
42�1
31�6

34�5
6�0
16�5
46�5
34�9
13�9
53�4
17�1
23�8
31�9
11�1
26�0
22�0
11�0
12�0
82�0
11�3
20�2
39�9
36�6
11�4
17�0
7�7
18�5
14�6
35�1
42�8
31�9

35�0
6�3
17�2
47�2
35�5
14�6
56�6
17�4
24�5
32�5
11�5
26�4
22�8
11�6
12�6
81�2
11�8
21�1
40�8
37�2
11�9
17�5
8�3
19�4
15�0
35�9
43�0
32�3

35�3
6�5
17�7
47�5
35�9
15�1
60�4
17�8
25�0
32�9
11�9
26�7
23�4
12�2
13�2
82�2
12�4
21�5
41�6
38�0
12�5
17�9
8�6
20�2
15�6
36�9
43�5
32�5

* €1 000' 2010 per Capita�

Sources: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, July 2019; 

Eurostat, Demography and Migration, July 2019 

Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

154

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
3.4  Demography

3.4.1  Population

ON 1ST JANUARY

Thousand 
Inhabitants
EU-28

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018

494 598�3 503 170�6 508 520�2 510 181�9 511 373�3 512 379�2

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

10 445�9
7 688�6
10 198�9
5 411�4
82 500�8
1 358�9
4 111�7
10 969�9
43 296�3
62 772�9
4 310�9
57 874�8
733�1
2 249�7
3 355�2
461�2
10 097�5
402�7
16 305�5
8 201�4
38 173�8
10 494�7
21 382�4
1 997�6
5 372�7
5 236�6
9 011�4
60 182�1

10 839�9
7 421�8
10 462�1
5 534�7
81 802�3
1 333�3
4 549�4
11 119�3
46 486�6
64 658�9
4 302�8
59 190�1
819�1
2 120�5
3 142�0
502�1
10 014�3
414�0
16 575�0
8 351�6
38 022�9
10 573�5
20 294�7
2 047�0
5 390�4
5 351�4
9 340�7
62 510�2

11 237�3
7 202�2
10 538�3
5 659�7
81 197�5
1 314�9
4 677�6
10 858�0
46 449�6
66 458�2
4 225�3
60 795�6
847�0
1 986�1
2 921�3
563�0
9 855�6
439�7
16 900�7
8 584�9
38 005�6
10 374�8
19 870�6
2 062�9
5 421�3
5 471�8
9 747�4
64 853�4

11 311�1
7 153�8
10 553�8
5 707�3
82 175�7
1 315�9
4 726�3
10 783�7
46 440�1
66 638�4
4 190�7
60 665�6
848�3
1 969�0
2 888�6
576�2
9 830�5
450�4
16 979�1
8 700�5
37 967�2
10 341�3
19 760�6
2 064�2
5 426�3
5 487�3
9 851�0
65 379�0

11 351�7
7 101�9
10 578�8
5 748�8
82 521�7
1 315�6
4 784�4
10 768�2
46 528�0
66 804�1
4 154�2
60 589�4
854�8
1 950�1
2 847�9
590�7
9 797�6
460�3
17 081�5
8 772�9
37 973�0
10 309�6
19 644�4
2 065�9
5 435�3
5 503�3
9 995�2
65 844�1

11 398�6
7 050�0
10 610�1
5 781�2
82 792�4
1 319�1
4 830�4
10 741�2
46 658�4
66 926�2
4 105�5
60 484�0
864�2
1 934�4
2 808�9
602�0
9 778�4
475�7
17 181�1
8 822�3
37 976�7
10 291�0
19 530�6
2 066�9
5 443�1
5 513�1
10 120�2
66 273�6

Source: Eurostat, Demography and Migration, July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

155

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
3.5  Employment

3.5.1  Total Persons Employed  

in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)

MEMBER STATES DATA – EU-28

Thousands

2010

2015

2016

2017

2018

B05:  Mining of Coal and Lignite

331�2

294�5

274�1

258�9

247�6

B06:  Extraction of Crude Petroleum and 

Natural Gas

B0892: Extraction of Peat*

B091:  Support Activities for Petroleum and 

Natural Gas Extraction*

103�8

88�9

81�4

70�0

60�7

11.1

47.7

11�1

9�9

9�7

9.7

56�8

48�0

41�4

41.4

C19:   Manufacture of Coke and  
refined Petroleum Products
D35:   Electricity, Gas, Steam and  
Air Conditioning Supply

218�7

190�0

186�5

188�6

193�6

1 645�3 1 550�5 1 553�0 1 546�0 1 569�1

Broad Sector Total Employment**

2 357�9 2 191�8 2 152�9 2 114�5 2 122.0

* According to the Structural Business Survey (SBS), August 2019� 
** Estimate of total employment as a sum of available figures presented in the table� 
Italics: DG Energy Estimates�

Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

156

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
3.5.2  Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors

MEMBER STATES’ DATA – ALL SECTORS (15-64 YEARS)

%
EU-28

2005
63�3

2010
64�1

2015
65�7

2016
66�7

2017
67�7

2018
68�6

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

61�1
55�8
64�8
75�9
65�5
64�8
70�4
59�6
63�6
63�8
55�0
57�6
68�5
62�1
62�9
63�6
56�9
53�6
70�6
67�4
52�8
67�3
57�6
66�0
57�7
68�4
72�3
71�8

62�0
59�8
65�0
73�3
71�3
61�2
61�0
59�1
58�8
64�0
57�4
56�8
68�9
58�5
57�6
65�2
54�9
56�2
73�9
70�8
58�9
65�3
60�2
66�2
58�8
68�1
72�1
69�4

61�8
62�9
70�2
73�5
74�0
71�9
64�8
50�8
57�8
64�3
56�0
56�3
62�7
68�1
67�2
66�1
63�9
65�1
74�1
71�1
62�9
63�9
61�4
65�2
62�7
68�5
75�5
72�7

62�3
63�4
72�0
74�9
74�7
72�1
66�4
52�0
59�5
64�6
56�9
57�2
63�7
68�7
69�4
65�6
66�5
67�2
74�8
71�5
64�5
65�2
61�6
65�8
64�9
69�1
76�2
73�5

63�1
66�9
73�6
74�2
75�2
74�1
67�7
53�5
61�1
65�2
58�9
58�0
65�6
70�1
70�4
66�3
68�2
69�2
75�8
72�2
66�1
67�8
63�9
69�3
66�2
70�0
76�9
74�1

Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

64�5
67�7
74�8
75�4
75�9
74�8
68�6
54�9
62�4
65�9
60�6
58�5
68�6
71�8
72�4
67�1
69�2
71�4
77�2
73�0
67�4
69�7
64�8
71�1
67�6
72�1
77�5
74�7

157

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
3.5.3  Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors

*

MEMBER STATES’ DATA – ALL SECTORS

%
EU-28

2005
9�0

2010
9�6

2015
9�4

2016
8�6

2017
7�6

2018
6�8

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

8�5
10�1
7�9
4�8
11�2
8�0
4�6
10�0
9�2
8�9
13�0
7�7
5�3
10�0
8�3
4�6
7�2
6�9
5�9
5�6
17�9
8�8
7�1
6�5
16�4
8�4
7�7
4�8

8�3
10�3
7�3
7�5
7�0
16�7
14�6
12�7
19�9
9�3
11�8
8�4
6�3
19�5
17�8
4�6
11�2
6�8
5�0
4�8
9�7
12�0
7�0
7�3
14�5
8�4
8�6
7�8

8�5
9�2
5�1
6�2
4�6
6�2
10�0
24�9
22�1
10�4
16�1
11�9
15�0
9�9
9�1
6�5
6�8
5�4
6�9
5�7
7�5
12�6
6�8
9�0
11�5
9�4
7�4
5�3

7�8
7�6
4�0
6�2
4�1
6�8
8�4
23�6
19�6
10�1
13�4
11�7
13�0
9�6
7�9
6�3
5�1
4�7
6�0
6�0
6�2
11�2
5�9
8�0
9�7
8�8
6�9
4�8

7�1
6�2
2�9
5�7
3�8
5�8
6�7
21�5
17�2
9�4
11�0
11�2
11�1
8�7
7�1
5�6
4�2
4�0
4�9
5�5
4�9
9�0
4�9
6�6
8�1
8�6
6�7
4�3

6�0
5�2
2�2
5�0
3�4
5�4
5�8
19�3
15�3
9�1
8�4
10�6
8�4
7�4
6�2
5�5
3�7
3�7
3�8
4�9
3�9
7�0
4�2
5�1
6�5
7�4
6�3
4�0

* Percentage of active population�

Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), July 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

158

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 
 
S TAT I S T I C A L  P O C K E T B O O K   2019

Environment 
       Indicators
in the EU

#4 
 
 
 
Environment Indicators in the EU

Environment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUSummary

4.1  Gases Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162

4.1.1 

 EU-28 and Member States – Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162

 EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 163

 EU-28 and Member States – Other than Fuel Combustion  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 164

 EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 165

 EU-28 – Other than Fuel Combustion�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 166

4.1.2 

CO2 Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 167

 EU-28 and Member States – Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 167

 EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168

 EU-28 and Member States – Other than Fuel Combustion  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 169

 EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 170

 EU-28 – Other than Fuel Combustion�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 171

4.2  Main Emissions Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 172
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 172

4.2.1 

4.2.2 

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions to GDP Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 173

Environment Indicators in the EU

161

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Environment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EUEnvironment Indicators in the EU4.1  Gases Emissions

*
4.1.1  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – TOTAL

Million ton CO2 equiv.
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2005

2000

2017
5 287�2 5 362�0 4 917�5 4 470�3 4 453�1 4 483�1
100�0 % 101�4 % 93�0 % 84�5 % 84�2 % 84�8 %

2010

2015

2016

154�5
59�8
151�1
73�2

148�9
64�5
149�5
68�8
1 064�7 1 016�5
19�3
72�0
138�9
452�6
570�7
30�3
589�2
10�2
11�6
23�0
14�3
76�2
3�2
225�8
94�5
404�3
88�1
151�7
20�6
51�3
71�2
68�6
726�2

17�4
70�3
128�9
397�1
567�0
26�1
562�1
9�2
10�6
19�6
10�6
73�9
3�1
229�8
82�1
396�3
84�3
143�6
19�1
49�2
71�3
70�4
741�9

137�1
61�1
141�7
65�5
967�0
21�3
63�4
121�0
370�1
528�0
28�4
514�7
10�3
12�7
20�9
13�4
65�7
3�2
224�1
86�8
413�1
71�7
124�4
19�7
46�4
77�4
66�4
642�1

121�6
62�2
129�5
50�8
931�8
18�3
61�7
98�2
351�8
477�3
24�6
443�7
9�1
11�6
20�5
11�6
61�3
2�5
207�5
81�0
392�3
71�1
117�2
16�9
41�8
57�2
55�7
541�5

120�2
59�7
131�5
53�0
937�7
19�8
63�9
94�8
342�2
477�8
24�8
442�5
9�6
11�7
20�5
11�6
61�7
2�3
207�6
81�9
401�1
69�5
115�2
17�7
42�3
60�1
55�5
517�0

119�4
62�1
130�5
50�8
936�0
21�1
63�8
98�9
357�3
482�0
25�5
439�0
10�0
11�8
20�7
11�9
64�5
2�6
205�8
84�5
416�3
74�6
114�8
17�5
43�5
57�5
55�5
505�4

* GHG emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation�
Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

162

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 
 
4.1.1  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – FUEL COMBUSTION 

2017

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3 367�8 1 179�3 499�8 945�9 161�8 407�1
86�2
100�0 % 35�0 % 14�8 % 28�1 % 4�8 % 12�1 % 2�4 % 0�2 % 2�6 %

80�9

6�8

l
Million ton 
e
u
CO2 equiv. F
EU-28
Share ( %)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

13�5
3�6
10�4
4�0

83�3
44�6
98�9
33�8

20�2
27�7
51�8
11�6

18�5
36�8
70�2
258�9
327�3
17�3

25�8
9�5
18�7
13�2
765�7 313�4 135�6 168�0
2�4
0�6
12�0
4�7
17�2
5�8
43�5
88�8
51�4 134�7
6�6
99�5
2�1
3�3
5�8
5�6
13�1
0�6
31�2
24�3
63�4
17�1
18�0
5�5
7�7
11�5
16�6
51�4 123�7

14�7
11�6
39�9
81�2
49�6
4�5
345�9 104�8
3�3
1�5
2�6
0�2
14�0
0�7
63�5
11�2
342�1 164�9
20�8
23�9
4�9
7�5
17�6
9�2
378�6 102�6

2�4
51�1
0�7
0�7
1�2
1�1
4�9
0�0
29�1
11�1
31�2
7�6
11�7
1�7
7�1
6�9
6�9

6�6
7�2
11�3
8�8
46�2
1�6
160�2
56�3

51�2
75�5
14�0
29�4
41�0
36�6

5�5
0�4
3�0
0�7
38�2
0�1
2�0
0�7
10�7
28�7
0�6
23�7
0�1
0�4
0�3
0�6
3�1
0�2
7�7
1�2
7�4
1�2
2�2
0�4
1�6
1�0
0�8
19�3

15�2
1�2
9�8
2�1
92�9
0�3
5�7
4�8
17�8
48�1
2�0
51�5
0�4
0�6
0�9
1�1
8�6
0�0
17�0
7�2
38�8
2�0
7�7
0�8
3�3
1�4
0�7
65�2

2�3
0�5
1�2
1�5
6�8
0�3
0�6
0�5
11�8
10�6
0�7
7�8
0�1
0�5
0�2
0�0
1�4
0�0
10�0
0�9
12�1
1�2
1�3
0�2
0�4
1�4
1�4
4�9

0�1
0�0
0�5
0�3
0�9
0�1
0�0
0�2
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�1
1�1
0�2
1�6

0�7
1�9
3�6
0�4
9�9
0�0
0�1
1�0
4�6
4�0
0�5
7�1
0�0
0�2
0�3
0�0
1�0
0�0
1�7
0�4
24�3
1�3
10�1
0�4
1�7
0�2
0�9
10�1

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

163

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1.1  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES –  
OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION 

2017

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1 115�3
138�9
100�0 % 33�8 % 39�4 % 12�5 %

439�0

377�5

36�1
17�5
31�5
17�0
170�3
2�5
27�0
28�7
98�4
154�7
8�1
93�1
3�3
4�5
9�4
3�2
18�3
1�0
45�7
28�3
74�2
23�4
39�3
3�5
14�0
16�5
18�8
126�8

19�7
6�4
15�7
2�0
64�5
0�6
3�5
12�8
28�2
43�9
2�7
32�8
1�3
0�7
3�6
0�7
7�2
0�3
11�1
17�2
27�0
7�8
13�1
1�2
9�6
5�9
7�6
30�2

10�1
6�6
8�4
10�6
66�3
1�4
19�6
7�9
39�5
76�2
2�8
30�8
0�5
2�8
4�4
0�7
7�1
0�1
18�9
7�3
31�7
6�9
19�3
1�7
2�5
6�5
7�2
41�2

1�5
3�8
5�6
1�1
10�2
0�3
0�9
4�6
13�5
17�2
2�1
18�2
0�6
0�6
1�0
0�1
3�4
0�2
3�1
1�5
13�0
4�7
5�9
0�6
1�7
1�9
1�3
20�4

1�7

158�3
0�2 % 14�2 %

0�0
0�0
0�7
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

4�8
0�7
1�1
2�9
29�4
0�2
3�1
3�5
17�1
17�4
0�5
11�3
1�0
0�4
0�3
1�7
0�7
0�4
12�1
2�3
2�5
3�9
1�0
0�1
0�2
2�1
2�8
34�9

Million ton CO2 equiv.
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

164

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1.1  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION

2
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M

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*

l

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A

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F

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s
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F

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t
c
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s
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u
F
&
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t

n
o
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s
s
i
m
E

1990 5 723 4 348�7 1 675�7 836�1 793�2 201�0 527�5
1995 5 398 4 090�1 1 524�1 747�7 847�3 176�0 519�6
2000 5 287 4 020�6 1 511�2 685�0 926�9 174�6 491�6
2001 5 340 4 100�3 1 553�5 667�3 940�0 187�8 525�3
2002 5 296 4 074�8 1 570�5 647�6 951�3 178�2 504�8
2003 5 383 4 153�9 1 620�7 653�0 960�3 179�4 518�4
2004 5 391 4 144�9 1 609�2 645�0 979�6 184�3 510�8
2005 5 362 4 122�6 1 599�2 638�6 978�8 184�1 507�0
2006 5 354 4 119�7 1 610�2 628�8 986�0 190�3 497�2
2007 5 306 4 060�6 1 619�7 632�2 995�4 168�7 444�3
2008 5 191 3 981�1 1 548�1 603�8 970�7 185�6 475�4
2009 4 815 3 702�1 1 424�2 501�0 943�2 179�3 466�0
2010 4 918 3 798�1 1 450�9 533�0 937�6 187�3 499�6
2011 4 764 3 650�6 1 425�2 518�0 925�5 165�8 429�2
2012 4 699 3 606�2 1 417�9 497�0 896�0 169�9 442�2
2013 4 605 3 517�2 1 342�3 488�4 888�7 171�7 445�0
2014 4 436 3 337�9 1 258�2 481�1 896�1 151�1 374�5
2015 4 470 3 373�6 1 245�2 483�5 913�3 161�2 395�2
2016 4 453 3 354�7 1 197�9 484�0 932�5 161�2 406�1
2017 4 483 3 367�8 1 179�3 499�8 945�9 161�8 407�1

98�4 23�7 193�0
97�1 14�0 164�3
9�9 130�3
91�0
9�1 126�2
91�1
9�1 124�3
88�9
89�2
9�7 123�1
89�8 10�8 115�4
90�1 11�3 113�5
86�8 10�8 109�7
83�7 11�1 105�6
84�3 10�2 103�1
96�8
9�0
82�5
96�2
8�7
84�8
95�3
8�5
83�1
94�2
7�5
81�5
92�3
7�3
81�3
89�5
7�0
80�3
88�9
6�8
79�6
85�7
6�7
80�6
86�2
6�8
80�9

GHGs EMISSIONS – EU-28 – FUEL COMBUSTION  
(MILLION ton CO2 EQUIV.)

1 800

1 500

1 200

900

600

300

0

0
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Energy Industries

Commercial/Institutional

Other Sectors

Manufacturing Industries and Construction Residential

Transport

Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

Other Combus-
tion and Fugitive 
Emission

* GHG emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation�
Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

165

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1.1  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION

-

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
E
G
H
G

*

l

a
t
o
T

l

a
n
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t
a
N

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m
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F

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5 723
5 398
5 287
5 340
5 296
5 383
5 391
5 362
5 354
5 306
5 191
4 815
4 918
4 764
4 699
4 605
4 436
4 470
4 453
4 483

1 374�2
1 307�7
1 266�6
1 239�4
1 221�5
1 229�5
1 245�9
1 239�4
1 233�8
1 245�3
1 209�9
1 113�0
1 119�4
1 113�3
1 092�4
1 088�3
1 098�3
1 096�7
1 098�4
1 115�3

Million ton 
CO2 equiv.
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

s
r
e
h
t
O
&
e
t
s
a
W

240�4
247�4
231�5
227�4
223�5
217�4
208�9
202�0
195�8
189�1
181�1
175�1
167�8
162�1
157�9
151�2
145�5
143�2
140�1
138�9

e
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l
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r
g
A

543�3
472�6
461�3
455�0
448�0
444�0
444�7
438�0
434�3
436�7
433�9
427�8
423�4
423�9
421�7
425�2
432�9
433�8
434�8
439�0

2
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t
c
e
r
i
d
n
I

4�2
3�5
2�9
2�7
2�6
2�6
2�5
2�5
2�5
2�4
2�3
2�1
2�2
2�1
2�0
1�8
1�8
1�8
1�7
1�7

l

a
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i
t
a
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n
I

n
o
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t
a
v
a

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69�1
85�8
115�4
113�8
110�8
115�2
123�0
131�1
136�5
141�1
141�8
131�1
131�7
135�4
133�5
134�7
136�9
141�2
148�0
158�3

&
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P

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s
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d
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I

517�2
498�4
455�6
440�4
436�6
450�4
466�9
465�8
464�7
476�0
450�8
376�8
394�3
389�8
377�3
375�3
381�3
376�7
373�7
377�5

GHGs EMISSIONS – EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION  
(MILLION ton CO2 EQUIV.)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Industrial Processes and Product Use

Agriculture

Waste and Others

Indirect CO2
International Aviation

* GHG emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation�
Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

166

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1.2  CO2 Emissions *

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – TOTAL

Million ton CO2
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000

2005

2017
4 298�1 4 438�9 4 073�9 3 656�3 3 646�0 3 674�1
100�0 % 103�3 % 94�8 % 85�1 % 84�8 % 85�5 %

2010

2015

2016

131�5
45�5
128�8
57�4
919�7
15�4
47�0
105�5
320�4
430�3
19�9
478�2
8�0
7�2
11�9
9�7
59�3
2�9
182�4
68�0
319�0
68�4
95�9
15�5
41�3
58�2
56�6
594�5

129�1
51�2
127�7
54�7
889�6
17�3
50�6
116�5
379�5
442�7
23�6
502�9
8�9
8�0
14�2
13�4
61�3
2�9
188�9
81�4
323�4
72�0
103�0
17�0
43�0
58�4
55�7
601�9

118�0
48�3
119�4
52�0
856�6
19�1
44�0
99�9
295�4
405�7
21�4
435�2
8�9
8�9
13�9
12�5
52�8
2�8
192�9
74�3
334�9
55�8
84�5
16�4
38�6
65�8
55�0
540�9

104�1
48�6
106�5
38�1
820�4
16�0
40�9
77�8
285�2
358�3
18�2
365�4
7�7
7�6
13�4
10�7
47�2
2�1
178�3
68�9
314�2
55�5
78�5
13�7
34�6
46�1
45�2
453�0

102�8
45�9
108�3
40�1
828�0
17�6
42�5
74�4
276�0
359�9
18�5
363�8
8�2
7�6
13�4
10�6
48�0
1�8
178�5
69�6
325�0
53�9
76�7
14�5
35�0
49�3
45�1
430�8

102�4
48�1
107�4
38�0
827�1
18�8
41�8
78�3
291�4
363�7
19�2
360�2
8�5
7�7
13�7
10�9
50�3
2�0
176�9
72�2
339�1
58�7
76�0
14�3
36�2
46�9
44�8
419�5

* CO2 emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation�
Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

167

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
4.1.2  CO2 Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES –  
FUEL COMBUSTION

2017

n
o
i
t
s
u
b
m
o
C

s
e
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t
i
v
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t
c
A

l
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F

g
n
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t
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a
f
u
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a
M

&
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n
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C

s
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s
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d
n
I

y
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n
E

l

/
l
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c
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m
m
o
C

a
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I

t
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l

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t
l
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g
A

/
y
r
t
s
e
r
o
F

s
e
i
r
e
h
s
i
F

Million  
ton CO2
EU-28
26�5
Share (%) 100�0 % 35�9 % 15�2 % 28�7 % 4�9 % 12�0 % 2�3 % 0�2 % 0�8 %

3 253�7 1 167�3 493�7 934�9 160�4 388�8

75�2

6�6

n
o
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t
s
u
b
m
o
C
r
e
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t
O

e
v
i
t
i
g
u
F
&

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
E

s
r
o
t
c
e
S

r
e
h
t
O

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

81�6
42�9
93�7
33�1
747�9
18�2
36�1
68�5
254�0
320�6
16�6
333�4
6�6
6�7
10�7
8�7
44�3
1�6
157�3
55�1
315�9
50�2
64�3
13�4
27�2
40�2
35�7
369�1

13�3
3�6
10�3
4�0

20�0
27�6
51�5
11�4

25�5
9�4
18�4
13�1
307�9 134�4 166�2
2�4
0�6
11�9
4�6
16�9
5�7
42�4
87�8
50�7 133�0
6�6
98�4
2�1
3�3
5�7
5�6
13�0
0�6
30�9
24�0
62�5
17�0
17�7
5�5
7�6
11�4
16�4
51�0 122�3

14�6
11�5
39�8
80�5
49�2
4�5
104�2
3�3
1�5
2�5
0�2
13�9
0�7
63�1
11�1
164�0
20�6
23�8
4�9
7�4
17�3
8�9
101�4

2�4
50�1
0�7
0�6
1�2
1�1
4�9
0�0
29�0
10�9
30�8
7�4
11�6
1�7
7�1
6�7
6�8

5�5
0�3
3�0
0�7
38�1
0�1
2�0
0�7
10�6
28�6
0�6
23�2
0�1
0�4
0�3
0�6
3�1
0�2
7�6
1�2
7�3
1�2
2�2
0�4
1�6
1�0
0�7
19�2

14�9
0�8
8�8
1�9
91�8
0�2
5�6
4�7
16�8
46�4
1�6
47�8
0�4
0�5
0�8
1�1
7�9
0�0
16�5
6�8
35�7
1�7
6�5
0�7
3�1
1�2
0�6
64�1

2�1
0�4
1�2
1�5
6�4
0�2
0�6
0�5
11�7
9�7
0�6
7�0
0�1
0�4
0�2
0�0
1�4
0�0
9�0
0�8
10�9
1�1
1�2
0�2
0�4
1�4
1�3
4�9

0�1
0�0
0�4
0�3
0�8
0�1
0�0
0�2
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�1
1�1
0�2
1�6

0�1
0�8
0�1
0�2
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
3�8
2�9
0�3
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
1�1
0�1
4�7
1�2
0�5
0�1
0�0
0�1
0�8
4�6

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

168

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1.2  CO2 Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES –  
OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION 

2017

e
r
u
t
l
u
c
i
r
g
A

s
r
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t
O
&
e
t
s
a
W

2
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n
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r
e
2
h
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o

n
o
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t
s
u
b
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C

420�4

248�3
100�0% 59�1%

10�4
2�5%

3�2
0�8%

1�7

156�9
0�4% 37�3%

20�8
5�2
13�6
4�9
79�2
0�6
5�6
9�8
37�3
43�1
2�6
26�7
2�0
1�0
3�0
2�3
6�0
0�4
19�7
17�2
23�1
8�5
11�7
0�9
9�0
6�7
9�1
50�4

15�5
4�5
11�4
1�5
47�1
0�4
2�2
6�3
19�8
22�3
2�1
15�0
1�0
0�5
2�7
0�6
5�1
0�0
7�1
14�8
19�1
4�4
10�6
0�8
8�7
4�3
6�1
14�3

0�2
0�0
0�3
0�2
2�9
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�6
1�9
0�1
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�9
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�1
0�2
0�1
1�3

0�3
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�6
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�3

0�0
0�0
0�7
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

Million ton CO2
EU-28
Share (%)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

4�8
0�7
1�1
2�9
29�1
0�2
3�0
3�4
16�9
17�2
0�4
11�2
1�0
0�4
0�3
1�7
0�7
0�4
12�0
2�2
2�5
3�8
1�0
0�1
0�2
2�1
2�8
34�6

169

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1.2  CO2 Emissions

EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION

-
a
n
r
e
t
n

i

l

a
t
o
T

i

g
n
d
u
l
c
n
i
(

l

a
n
o
i
t
a
N

-

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
E

2
O
C

)
n
o
i
t
a
v
a

i

l

a
n
o
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t

n
o
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t
s
u
b
m
o
C

l
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F

s
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t
i
v
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c
A

s
e
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r
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s
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d
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I

y
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n
E

g
n
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c
a
f
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M

&
s
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n
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t
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p
s
n
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/
l
a
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c
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m
m
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C

l

a
n
o
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t
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t
s
n
I

s
e
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r
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h
s
i
F
/
y
r
t
s
e
r
o
F

/
e
r
u
t
l
u
c
i
r
g
A

l

a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

s
r
o
t
c
e
S

r
e
h
t
O

n
o
i
t
s
u
b
m
o
C

r
e
h
t
O

e
v
i
t
i
g
u
F

d
n
a

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
E

4 542 4 123�6 1 666�1 829�4 778�7 198�4 504�2 93�7 23�2
4 305 3 896�5 1 514�8 741�6 830�8 174�6 499�1 92�0 13�8
9�7
4 298 3 862�4 1 501�9 678�8 911�7 173�3 474�1 86�0
8�9
4 367 3 945�4 1 543�9 660�9 925�6 186�5 507�8 86�1
8�9
4 342 3 924�3 1 560�6 641�1 937�9 176�9 488�8 84�0
4 437 4 003�8 1 610�2 646�2 947�3 178�1 501�3 84�3
9�6
4 454 4 001�7 1 598�5 638�0 966�9 183�0 494�3 84�8 10�6
4 439 3 982�3 1 588�4 631�6 966�9 182�7 489�9 85�0 11�0
4 449 3 984�3 1 598�9 622�1 974�3 188�9 479�9 81�8 10�5
4 403 3 929�0 1 608�2 625�4 984�0 167�3 426�6 78�5 10�8
4 305 3 849�5 1 536�5 597�2 959�8 184�1 456�5 78�8 10�0
8�8
3 957 3 576�9 1 413�0 495�4 933�0 177�7 446�9 77�0
8�5
4 074 3 671�3 1 439�2 527�0 927�4 185�7 479�1 79�1
8�3
3 933 3 527�6 1 413�3 512�0 915�4 164�2 411�4 77�4
7�4
3 872 3 482�4 1 405�9 491�1 886�0 168�4 422�9 75�7
7�2
3 785 3 397�0 1 330�3 482�6 878�7 170�3 425�6 75�7
6�9
3 618 3 222�7 1 246�5 475�4 886�0 149�8 357�4 74�8
6�6
3 656 3 257�6 1 233�2 477�6 902�9 159�8 377�3 74�1
6�5
3 646 3 241�1 1 186�1 478�2 921�8 159�8 388�0 75�1
6�6
3 674 3 253�7 1 167�3 493�7 934�9 160�4 388�8 75�2

29�9
29�9
26�8
25�7
26�1
26�8
25�6
26�8
27�9
28�0
26�7
25�1
25�4
25�5
25�1
26�6
26�0
26�1
25�6
26�5

2
O
C

n
o
t

n
o
i
l
l
i

M

1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

CO2 EMISSIONS – EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION  
(MILLION ton CO2)

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

0
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Fuel Combustion Activities

Energy Industries

Transport

Residential

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Commercial/Institutional

Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

170

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.1.2  CO2 Emissions

EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION

-

*

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
E

2
O
C

l

a
t
o
T

l

a
n
o
i
t
a
N

4 541�8
4 304�9
4 298�1
4 367�4
4 342�4
4 437�1
4 454�3
4 438�9
4 448�8
4 403�0
4 304�8
3 957�1
4 073�9
3 932�7
3 871�8
3 785�4
3 618�1
3 656�3
3 646�0
3 674�1

Million  
ton CO2
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

l
e
u
F

n
a
h
t

r
e
h
t
o

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
E

2
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C

n
o
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t
s
u
b
m
o
C
c

&
s
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s
s
e
c
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P

e
s
U
t
c
u
d
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r
P

l

a
i
r
t
s
u
d
n
I

418�2
408�4
435�7
422�0
418�1
433�3
452�7
456�6
464�5
474�0
455�3
380�2
402�6
405�1
389�5
388�5
395�4
398�6
404�8
420�4

325�5
304�5
304�9
293�2
292�1
302�2
314�4
310�5
313�4
318�3
299�2
234�9
257�0
255�7
242�1
239�8
244�2
243�6
242�7
248�3

s
r
e
h
t
O
&
e
t
s
a
W

5�2
4�7
3�4
3�5
3�7
4�0
3�7
3�8
3�8
3�8
3�7
3�6
3�7
3�5
3�5
3�3
3�4
3�0
3�1
3�2

2
O
C

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
I

4�2
3�5
2�9
2�7
2�6
2�6
2�5
2�5
2�5
2�4
2�3
2�1
2�2
2�1
2�0
1�8
1�8
1�8
1�7
1�7

e
r
u
t
l
u
c
i
r
g
A

14�7
10�7
10�2
9�8
9�8
10�4
10�3
9�9
9�6
9�7
9�6
9�6
9�3
9�7
9�6
10�0
10�5
10�3
10�6
10�4

l

a
n
o
i
t
a
n
r
e
t
n
I

n
o
i
t
a
v
a

i

68�5
85�0
114�4
112�8
109�8
114�2
121�9
129�9
135�3
139�9
140�5
130�0
130�5
134�2
132�3
133�5
135�7
140�0
146�7
156�9

CO2 EMISSIONS – EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION  
(MILLION ton CO2)

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

CO2 Emissions other than Fuel Combustion Agriculture
Industrial Processes and Product Use

Waste and Others

International Aviation

Indirect CO2

* CO2 emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation�
Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

171

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.2  Main Emissions Indicators

4.2.1  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 

per Capita

ton CO2/cap
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
10�9

2017
8�8
100�0 % 99�9 % 90�1 % 81�0 % 80�4 % 80�8 %

2005
10�8

2016
8�7

2015
8�8

2010
9�8

15�1
7�3
14�7
13�7
13�0
12�4
18�6
12�0
9�8
9�4
5�8
9�9
13�4
4�4
5�6
24�5
7�2
8�0
14�5
10�3
10�4
8�2
6�4
9�6
9�1
13�8
7�9
12�6

14�3
8�4
14�7
12�7
12�3
14�2
17�5
12�7
10�5
9�1
7�0
10�2
13�9
5�2
6�9
31�0
7�5
7�9
13�8
11�5
10�6
8�4
7�1
10�3
9�5
13�6
7�6
12�1

12�7
8�2
13�5
11�8
11�8
16�0
13�9
10�9
8�0
8�2
6�6
8�7
12�6
6�0
6�6
26�8
6�6
7�8
13�5
10�4
10�9
6�8
6�1
9�6
8�6
14�5
7�1
10�3

10�8
8�6
12�3
9�0
11�5
13�9
13�2
9�0
7�6
7�2
5�8
7�3
10�7
5�8
7�0
20�7
6�2
5�8
12�3
9�4
10�3
6�9
5�9
8�2
7�7
10�4
5�7
8�3

10�6
8�3
12�5
9�3
11�4
15�0
13�5
8�8
7�4
7�2
5�9
7�3
11�3
5�9
7�1
20�0
6�3
5�0
12�2
9�4
10�6
6�7
5�8
8�6
7�8
10�9
5�6
7�9

10�5
8�7
12�3
8�8
11�3
16�0
13�3
9�2
7�7
7�2
6�1
7�2
11�6
6�0
7�3
20�2
6�6
5�6
12�0
9�6
11�0
7�2
5�8
8�5
8�0
10�4
5�5
7�7

GHG PER CAPITA – EU-28 – ton CO2 / cap

EU-28

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019, Eurostat 2019  
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

172

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 
4.2.2  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions  

to GDP Intensity

ton CO2/M€'10
EU-28
Index 2000

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2000
473�9

2017
315�5
100�0 % 92�2 % 80�8 % 69�4 % 67�7 % 66�6 %

2015
328�9

2010
382�9

2016
321�0

2005
437�0

496�8

437�7

375�6

316�2

308�1

324�8
451�4

760�1
195�9
331�9

753�4
199�7
326�7

904�0
269�2
374�8

555�0
678�7
457�6
321�8
738�7
361�4
659�4
861�8
1 068�4
345�1
913�8
574�0
411�6
323�3

300�9
2 450�1 2 003�9 1 597�0 1 508�1 1 392�4 1 394�2
716�5
1 317�3 1 076�3
187�2
286�0
319�2
418�9
1 634�2 1 287�9 1 448�4 1 035�5 1 084�1 1 099�5
235�8
528�2
313�4
222�1
534�0
274�4
510�7
520�5
576�7
248�8
556�1
265�6
295�1
258�7
917�7
413�5
705�2
438�5
532�5
290�7
128�9
237�7

378�2
439�5
535�5
604�5
342�4
441�4
264�6
298�0
628�6
689�9
320�8
361�5
533�4
597�0
711�5
635�9
744�8
869�6
334�8
401�7
664�5
762�2
487�3
532�2
350�6
378�2
340�9
293�4
1 609�3 1 410�4 1 141�8
398�3
505�0
992�0
1 735�6 1 386�6
543�4
618�5
687�0
956�9
413�5
396�4
179�8
200�7
347�0
400�5

256�8
531�6
327�9
227�3
549�7
284�9
507�9
548�6
606�3
252�6
563�2
294�5
312�7
259�6
934�2
412�7
807�1
456�8
544�6
304�9
135�6
263�9

253�1
514�1
309�2
224�9
534�3
281�0
514�8
540�3
593�0
244�6
554�5
249�3
306�2
257�2
926�8
395�9
756�7
465�5
534�7
311�8
131�7
247�5

686�5
1 175�4
451�1
234�8
470�5

504�5

GHG TO GDP INTENSITY – EU-28 – ton CO2 / M€'10

EU-28

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

0
9
9
1

5
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

1
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

7
1
0
2

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_22 May 2019, Eurostat 2019 
Methodology and Notes: See Appendices

173

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
  
S TAT I S T I C A L  P O C K E T B O O K   2019

Country
          Profiles

#5Country Profiles

Country ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesSummary

5.0 

5.1 

5.2 

5.3 

European Union 28 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 178

EU-28

Belgium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180

BE

Bulgaria � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 182

BG

Czechia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 184

CZ

5.4  Denmark � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 186

DK

5.5  Germany � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 188

DE

5.6 

5.7 

Estonia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 190

EE

Ireland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 192

IE

5.8  Greece � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 194

GR

5.9 

Spain � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196

ES

5.10  France � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 198

FR

5.11  Croatia  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 200

HR

5.12 

Italy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 202

IT

5.13  Cyprus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 204

CY

5.14  Latvia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 206

LV

5.15  Lithuania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 208

LT

5.16  Luxembourg � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 210

LU

5.17  Hungary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 212

HU

5.18  Malta � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 214

MT

5.19  The Netherlands � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 216

NL

5.20  Austria � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 218

AT

5.21  Poland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 220

PL

5.22  Portugal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 222

PT

5.23  Romania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 224

RO

5.24  Slovenia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 226

SI

5.25  Slovakia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 228

SK

5.26  Finland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230

FI

5.27  Sweden � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 232

SE

5.28  United Kingdom � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 234

UK

Sources: ESTAT – Database – May 2019; EEA – UNFCCC Database – June 2019; ECFIN – AMECO Data-
base – May 2019; ESTAT – SHARES – March 2019; ESTAT – CHP Survey, data 2016 – March 2019; ESTAT 
– Market Survey – May 2019

177

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Country ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry ProfilesCountry Profiles 
5.0  European Union 28

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

840.0
158�2
74�3
83�8
99�4
96�4
159�3
234�6
170�6
11�0
957.6
109�8
108�3
561�3
527�2
279�7
6�0
0�7

773.7
139�4
57�7
81�7
76�5
73�4
107�3
220�1
211�4
13�0
905.8
110�3
109�6
540�9
534�2
247�0
5�9
1�2

760.2
127�6
51�1
76�5
75�7
72�5
107�3
213�5
216�7
14�2
910.7
98�2
98�4
535�0
525�5
269�4
6�1
1�6

950.0
209�6
119�4
90�2
177�3
174�0
209�8
244�0
98�3
6�1
826.0
97�7
93�4
532�2
499�7
193�5
0�3
2�0

908.8
189�9
99�3
90�6
135�6
131�3
190�5
257�8
120�6
7�9
985.9
125�2
121�5
603�6
569�9
254�1
1�6
1�3

759.8
124�9
46�3
78�6
74�5
71�2
103�1
210�7
226�6
14�2
947.8
100�4
100�7
543�3
541�2
296�1
6�6
0�9
1 731.5 1 836.5 1 768.2 1 638.7 1 648.9 1 674.9
228�4
150�3
79�2
582�1
614�4
398�4
210�7
233�5
0�9
14�6
1 173.0 1 239.2 1 208.1 1 119.5 1 141.7 1 165.9
102.2
1 066.1 1 123.2 1 098.6 1 024.9 1 046.3 1 060.0

312�0
217�8
92�5
684�2
701�2
445�1
257�8
122�2
1�3
7�9

236�8
160�2
77�6
570�1
601�0
382�7
213�5
222�9
1�6
14�6

315�5
219�3
91�9
664�0
676�2
396�0
244�0
98�6
2�0
6�1

258�4
176�0
82�6
564�2
603�9
357�9
220�1
217�4
1�2
13�4

276�9
191�7
84�9
613�5
623�8
447�6
234�6
176�7
0�7
11�0

116.1

112.1

106.2

95.6

95.6

37�2
450�2
256�5
49�1

31�0
458�8
272�6
59�7

29�6
414�7
264�2
84�1

25�7
385�6
229�5
91�8

25�6
391�3
238�1
94�4

25�6
394�1
239�3
102�4

47�2

54�3

65�8

67�5

69�2

70�6

0�4
0�4
0�6
0�4
1�0
217�3
45�3

305�6
305�0
291�3
121�8
29�6
12�8

0�7
0�4
3�3
0�6
1�5
239�4
52�6

305�4
325�3
310�1
144�0
29�0
9�3

1�5
0�4
13�1
1�4
2�7
244�0
53�0

267�9
320�4
321�9
157�3
26�3
4�7

2�1
0�5
13�8
2�6
3�4
236�5
46�3

254�5
313�3
278�6
148�7
25�0
4�7

2�1
0�5
13�6
2�9
3�8
239�2
48�1

257�1
320�8
287�6
151�1
25�3
4�4

2�3
0�6
15�0
3�0
3�8
240�6
48�5

261�0
326�9
288�0
154�0
25�8
4�3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

178

PART 5 Country Profiles2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

487�7
131�7
147�3
84�4
30�7
0�8
0�2

435�1
135�0
143�4
40�3
2�3
0�7
0�2

470�5
122�0
152�7
141�4
97�3
0�8
0�2

457�2
122�1
154�5
154�3
103�3
0�8
0�2

3 034.0 3 315.2 3 362.0 3 239.4 3 261.8 3 294.3

691.6 757.9 883.7 985.8 993.3 1 011.0
455�1
401�3
120�9
137�3
155�1
139�0
168�9
12�7
109�0
0�2
0�8
0�6
0�2
0�2

Installed Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products 297 536 313 915 299 831 291 089 298 626 303 031
6 080
3 685
132 463 114 530 91 430 77 453 77 712 77 942
153 516 186 124 195 146 201 103 207 890 211 513
3 203 12 719 13 511 13 298 14 740
2 810
2 778
2 699
9 871 10 808 10 643 11 961

122�0
371�7
11�3
3 038�4 2 791�7 2 812�5 2 881�2

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

677�0
704�9
60�7
63�9
695�9
643�6
839�7
829�7
983�7 1 005�6
25�4

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

829�2
86�9
799�4
916�6
710�8
19�0

960�3
142�8
704�0
997�7
496�0
14�4

933�9
181�3
513�1
945�0
448�6
12�1

794�8
65�4
531�1
857�0
967�8
23�2

119�9
359�7
11�0

119�7
362�9
11�2

107�6
394�6
11�8

620
59
547

594
2 454

4 824

5 313

5 982

5 987

2 650

25�9

140

145

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030 1 619�4 1 720�0 1 660�2 1 537�5 1 546�9 1 561�6
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
1 133�2 1 192�8 1 163�1 1 088�3 1 110�1 1 122�8
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

122
3 232
5 453
53.8
41�5
61�4
87�1
87�4
70�4

159
3 554
5 187
46.6
31�0
42�6
75�3
73�9
48�9

154
3 713
5 629
52.3
40�1
55�8
82�3
81�3
57�1

124
3 223
5 409
53.9
42�7
62�3
89�2
88�5
69�0

142
3 514
5 640
52.7
39�6
56�5
84�7
84�5
62�5

121
3 275
5 472
55.1
43�9
67�0
86�7
88�1
74�3

129

113

112

110

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

9�1
1�8
14�8
11�1

13�1
5�2
19�7
15�4

16�7
6�6
28�8
18�8

17�0
7�1
29�6
19�0

17�5
7�4
30�7
19�5

4 298�1 4 438�9 4 073�9 3 656�3 3 646�0 3 674�1
5 287�2 5 362�0 4 917�5 4 470�3 4 453�1 4 483�1

92�4
10�9

93�7
10�8

85�9
9�8

78�1
8�8

77�8
8�7

78�3
8�8

179

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.1  Belgium

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

13.6
0�2
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
12�4
0�5
0�4
50.6
7�3
6�6
29�6
34�2
13�3
0�1
0�4
59.4
8�0
7�0
0�2
24�2
34�1
13�4
12�4
0�6
0�4
0�4
40.8
7.0
33.6

0�9
15�1
9�3
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
6�7
0�5

11�6
8�2
9�5
3�5
0�8
0�1

13.7
0�1
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
12�3
0�9
0�5
53.4
5�2
5�0
32�5
32�0
14�8
0�3
0�5
59.0
5�2
4�9
0�0
24�7
32�1
14�7
12�3
1�2
0�5
0�5
41.6
7.5
34.0

0�6
15�3
9�4
0�6

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
6�9
0�4

10�3
8�7
10�0
4�1
0�8
0�1

15.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
12�5
2�3
0�7
53.6
3�7
3�7
32�5
33�5
16�8
0�6
0�0
61.2
3�8
3�7
0�0
24�5
33�5
16�7
12�5
2�9
0�0
0�7
42.7
7.0
35.0

0�5
14�8
10�0
1�5

1�1

0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�1
7�2
0�6

10�8
9�0
9�5
4�9
0�8
0�1

10.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
6�8
3�0
0�7
50.0
3�3
2�7
30�4
32�4
13�9
0�7
1�8
53.8
3�4
2�8
0�0
23�4
32�4
14�0
6�8
3�7
1�8
0�7
40.9
7.6
33.1

0�5
14�1
8�9
1�6

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�1
0�2
7�0
0�5

10�6
8�9
8�3
4�6
0�7
0�0

15.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
11�3
3�1
0�7
47.9
3�0
2�4
29�2
32�2
14�4
0�9
0�5
56.9
3�2
2�6
0�0
22�9
32�3
14�3
11�3
4�0
0�5
0�7
40.9
7.5
33.5

0�5
13�8
9�4
1�9

1�3

0�0
0�0
0�4
0�1
0�2
7�1
0�5

10�7
9�0
8�3
4�7
0�8
0�0

14.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
11�0
3�2
0�7
48.0
2�9
2�4
29�4
34�4
14�3
0�9
0�5
56.6
3�1
2�5
0�0
22�8
34�4
14�5
11�0
4�1
0�5
0�7
40.6
7.5
32.9

0�5
13�3
9�4
1�9

1�3

0�0
0�0
0�5
0�1
0�1
7�0
0�4

10�5
8�9
8�1
4�6
0�8
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

180

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

15.7
8�5
5�7
1�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

16.1
8�7
5�8
1�4
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0

18.8
9�5
5�9
1�4
0�9
1�0
0�0
0�0

21.2
8�5
5�9
1�4
2�2
3�1
0�0
0�0

21.7
8�6
5�9
1�4
2�4
3�3
0�0
0�0

22.3
8�5
5�9
1�4
2�8
3�6
0�0
0�0

84.0

86.8

94.9

69.4

85.3

86.1

12�9
0�8
19�1
48�2
2�3
0�8

8�2
1�7
25�1
47�6
3�4
0�7

8 051
98
2 323
5 486
0
0
0

52�4
37�7

169

208
5 805
7 573
78.2
91�2
93�5
100�2
100�2
99�3

8 536
84
1 847
6 534
0
0
0

51�6
36�6

152

196
5 653
7 678
80.1
101�3
102�0
100�8
99�5
100�5

2�3
0�6
2�4
3�4

4�2
0�4
33�2
47�9
7�9
1�4

2�6
15�2
16�0

8 374
53
1 235
7 072
365
57
309

54�1
37�7

148

188
5 643
7 686
78.0
97�5
100�0
101�3
99�9
100�3

5�6
4�7
7�1
6�1

2�2
0�2
24�1
26�1
15�6
1�3

2�4
12�5
17�7
104�4

8 475
64
1 324
7 081
261
41
221

46�1
35�9

120

155
4 784
7 271
83.9
96�9
96�1
103�8
100�0
99�3

7�9
3�9
15�5
7�7

0�4
0�2
24�4
43�5
15�5
1�4

2�2
12�2
14�2
104�4

8 389
65
1 432
6 885
441
43
398

49�3
36�5

126

163
5 027
7 260
75.4
94�6
94�0
98�7
99�7
100�6

8�6
6�0
15�8
8�1

0�1
0�2
25�2
42�2
17�0
1�4

2�3
12�5
14�4
108�7

8 197
59
1 432
6 700
479
97
382

49�1
36�1

124

162
4 989
7 217
74.8
95�4
94�4
97�1
100�1
98�4

9�1
6�6
17�2
8�0

131�5
154�5

129�1
148�9

118�0
137�1

104�1
121�6

102�8
120�2

102�4
119�4

103�2
15�1

99�4
14�3

91�6
12�7

81�2
10�8

80�3
10�6

79�7
10�5

181

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.2  Bulgaria

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

9.9
4�3
0�0
4�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�7
0�8
0�0
8.7
2�3
2�2
4�1
5�3
2�7
0�0
-0�4
18.6
6�4
2�2
4�2
4�2
5�4
2�9
4�7
0�8
-0�4
0�0
9.7
1.0
8.6

0�6
3�0
1�4
0�5

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�9

3�6
1�9
2�1
0�7
0�3
0�0

10.6
4�2
0�0
4�2
0�0
0�0
0�4
4�9
1�1
0�1
9.6
2�6
2�5
5�2
6�1
2�5
0�0
-0�7
20.1
6�9
2�6
4�2
5�0
6�3
2�8
4�9
1�1
-0�7
0�1
10.5
0.8
9.6

0�7
3�5
1�4
0�7

0�7

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
2�2
0�9

3�6
2�7
2�1
0�8
0�3
0�0

10.4
4�9
0�0
4�9
0�0
0�0
0�1
3�8
1�5
0�0
7.2
1�7
1�7
4�2
5�5
2�1
-0�1
-0�7
17.9
6�9
1�9
4�9
4�0
5�6
2�3
3�8
1�5
-0�7
0�0
9.3
0.4
8.7

0�4
3�0
1�1
1�0

0�9

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�3
1�0

2�6
2�7
2�2
1�0
0�2
0�0

12.0
5�9
0�0
5�8
0�0
0�0
0�1
3�9
2�1
0�0
6.8
0�7
0�7
4�5
6�2
2�5
0�0
-0�9
18.6
6�6
0�7
5�8
4�3
6�1
2�6
3�9
2�1
-0�9
0�0
10.1
0.6
9.4

0�3
3�2
1�3
1�3

1�0

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�8

2�7
3�2
2�2
1�1
0�2
0�0

11.3
5�1
0�0
5�1
0�0
0�0
0�1
4�0
2�0
0�0
7.1
0�6
0�5
4�5
6�3
2�6
0�0
-0�5
18.3
5�7
0�6
5�0
4�4
6�4
2�7
4�0
2�0
-0�5
0�0
10.1
0.5
9.5

0�3
3�2
1�3
1�3

1�0

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
2�5
0�8

2�6
3�3
2�3
1�2
0�2
0�0

11.7
5�7
0�0
5�7
0�0
0�0
0�1
3�9
1�9
0�0
7.5
0�6
0�5
4�7
7�0
2�7
0�0
-0�5
18.9
6�1
0�6
5�6
4�6
6�9
2�8
3�9
2�0
-0�5
0�0
10.3
0.5
9.7

0�4
3�4
1�4
1�4

1�1

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�7

2�7
3�3
2�3
1�2
0�2
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

182

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

11.1
5�7
3�5
1�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

12.3
6�7
2�7
2�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

10.0
4�6
1�9
3�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�0

10.9
4�0
2�0
3�2
0�7
1�0
0�0
0�0

10.7
3�8
2�0
3�2
0�7
1�0
0�0
0�0

10.9
3�8
2�0
3�4
0�7
1�0
0�0
0�0

40.9

44.4

46.6

49.2

45.2

45.6

16�9
0�7
2�2
18�2
3�0
0�0

18�5
0�6
1�9
18�7
4�7
0�0

1 722
223
697
781
0
0
0

17�7
9�1

723

766
2 275
2 961
46.4
35�2
101�0
96�0
98�7
93�5

45�5
59�8

58�3
7�3

2 439
434
571
1 419
0
0
0

19�2
10�1

597

628
2 612
3 345
47.3
36�9
94�0
102�5
97�7
87�7

9�4
0�8
9�3
14�3

51�2
64�5

62�9
8�4

22�6
0�4
2�0
15�2
6�4
0�0

1�0
3�7
8�0
40�4

2 440
374
611
1 441
13
0
10

17�4
8�8

455

470
2 408
3 652
40.2
24�5
86�0
101�9
99�1
92�6

14�1
1�4
12�7
24�4

48�3
61�1

59�5
8�2

22�5
0�2
1�9
15�4
9�3
0�0

1�1
2�9
6�0
31�9

2 811
463
520
1 815
146
32
114

18�0
9�5

435

454
2 589
3 933
36.5
11�2
96�1
101�8
100�5
97�0

18�2
6�4
19�1
28�6

48�6
62�2

60�7
8�6

19�4
0�3
2�1
15�8
7�7
0�0

1�5
3�6
8�0
39�3

2 856
496
492
1 849
163
33
130

17�7
9�6

412

428
2 553
4 040
38.6
9�8
83�6
100�5
99�0
96�5

18�8
7�2
19�2
30�0

45�9
59�7

58�2
8�3

20�9
0�4
1�9
15�5
6�8
0�0

1�2
3�5
7�7
40�1

2 881
479
505
1 876
166
27
140

18�3
9�9

412

426
2 661
4 211
39.5
9�4
96�7
101�5
101�1
97�6

18�7
7�2
19�1
29�9

48�1
62�1

60�5
8�7

183

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.3  Czechia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

30.8
25�0
9�4
15�6
0�4
0�2
0�2
3�5
1�6
0�1
9.4
-4�7
-3�5
7�5
5�5
7�5
0�0
-0�9
41.3
21�6
6�2
15�6
7�9
5�8
7�5
3�5
1�6
-0�9
0�1
26.4
2.1
24.0

4�2
5�2
5�9
1�2

1�1

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�1
4�2
2�6

9�2
4�2
6�4
3�0
0�7
0�5

33.2
23�6
8�4
15�2
0�6
0�3
0�2
6�5
2�3
0�2
12.7
-3�3
-2�8
9�7
7�7
7�5
-0�2
-1�1
45.5
20�2
5�6
14�8
10�0
7�8
7�7
6�5
2�1
-1�1
0�2
28.1
3.0
25.0

2�9
6�5
6�2
1�7

1�6

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
4�8
2�5

8�7
5�8
6�7
3�1
0�5
0�3

32.1
20�8
7�5
13�3
0�3
0�2
0�2
7�3
3�3
0�2
11.5
-2�9
-2�7
9�0
7�8
6�8
-0�1
-1�3
45.6
18�8
5�1
13�5
9�3
8�0
8�1
7�3
3�2
-1�3
0�2
27.8
2.9
24.1

1�9
6�3
6�1
2�3

2�0

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�2
4�7
2�4

6�9
5�9
7�4
3�3
0�5
0�1

29.0
16�9
5�4
11�5
0�2
0�1
0�2
7�0
4�4
0�3
13.5
-0�3
-0�4
8�7
7�2
6�2
0�0
-1�1
42.3
16�4
4�9
11�2
8�9
7�3
6�5
7�0
4�4
-1�1
0�3
25.9
2.5
23.1

1�6
6�4
5�0
2�8

2�3

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�1
0�2
4�7
2�0

6�5
6�2
6�8
3�0
0�6
0�1

27.5
16�1
4�6
11�5
0�2
0�1
0�2
6�3
4�4
0�3
13.7
-0�2
-0�2
8�1
5�4
6�7
0�0
-0�9
41.9
16�6
4�9
11�3
8�3
5�5
7�0
6�3
4�4
-0�9
0�3
25.9
1.8
23.7

1�6
6�5
5�3
2�9

2�3

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�2
0�2
4�8
2�1

6�4
6�4
7�1
3�1
0�6
0�0

27.5
15�3
3�6
11�7
0�2
0�1
0�2
7�0
4�4
0�3
16.2
0�5
0�8
9�4
7�9
7�3
0�1
-1�1
43.4
15�8
4�4
11�4
9�7
8�0
7�2
7�0
4�5
-1�1
0�3
27.8
2.9
24.4

1�7
6�6
5�5
2�9

2�3

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�2
0�2
4�9
2�1

6�7
6�6
7�2
3�2
0�6
0�1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

184

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

15.3
11�5
1�8
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

17.4
11�5
3�8
2�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

20.1
12�0
3�9
2�2
0�2
1�7
0�0
0�0

21.9
13�0
4�3
2�3
0�3
2�1
0�0
0�0

22.0
13�1
4�3
2�3
0�3
2�1
0�0
0�0

22.3
13�3
4�3
2�3
0�3
2�1
0�0
0�0

73.5

82.6

85.8

83.8

83.2

86.9

52�8
0�4
3�9
13�6
2�8
0�0

49�5
0�3
4�2
24�7
3�8
0�0

3 915
68
1 922
1 886
62
0
62

39�1
25�1

341

360
4 016
4 804
22.7
-22�0
-56�4
95�3
95�3
99�8

5 551
74
2 125
3 322
3
0
3

42�5
26�3

306

328
4 465
5 421
27.8
-16�2
-49�4
97�5
99�3
97�8

7�1
0�9
3�8
10�9

46�9
0�2
4�2
28�0
6�5
0�0

4�8
12�2
14�2
135�7

5 470
81
1 868
3 492
231
58
173

42�7
25�3

272

291
4 358
5 183
25.3
-15�3
-53�9
96�5
97�5
84�8

10�5
5�1
7�5
14�1

41�1
0�1
5�0
26�8
10�7
0�1

4�6
11�8
14�0
106�0

5 693
104
1 570
3 981
297
63
233

39�8
24�2

233

249
4 018
5 169
31.9
-1�8
-8�6
97�8
98�4
95�1

15�0
6�5
14�1
19�7

42�0
0�1
6�4
24�1
10�6
0�1

9�0
8�4
10�1
101�6

5 920
104
1 617
4 156
301
48
253

40�0
24�8

229

240
3 973
5 292
32.6
-1�3
-3�8
97�3
97�7
95�7

14�9
6�4
13�6
19�8

41�4
0�1
6�2
28�3
10�8
0�1

8�0
8�0
9�2
103�5

6 086
100
1 600
4 332
314
59
255

40�4
25�5

222

239
4 106
5 420
37.2
3�0
17�8
97�1
99�1
101�9

14�8
6�6
13�7
19�7

128�8
151�1

127�7
149�5

119�4
141�7

106�5
129�5

108�3
131�5

107�4
130�5

75�6
14�7

74�9
14�7

70�9
13�5

64�8
12�3

65�8
12�5

65�3
12�3

185

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.4  Denmark

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

27.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
18�3
18�3
7�4
0�0
1�8
0�3
-7.5
3�8
3�8
-8�5
-10�0
-2�9
0�1
0�1
19.5
4�0
4�0
0�0
8�8
8�3
4�4
0�0
1�9
0�1
0�3
14.3
0.3
14.0

0�3
6�3
1�7
0�7

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�8
2�3

2�9
4�0
4�2
1�8
1�0
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

186

2005

31.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
19�0
19�0
9�4
0�0
2�6
0�4
-10.5
3�5
3�5
-9�4
-11�2
-5�0
0�3
0�1
19.8
3�7
3�7
0�0
8�3
7�9
4�4
0�0
2�9
0�1
0�4
14.7
0.3
14.7

0�3
6�4
1�7
1�0

0�9

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�9
2�4

2�9
4�5
4�5
2�0
0�9
0�0

2010

2015

2016

2017

23.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
12�5
12�5
7�3
0�0
3�2
0�4
-3.4
2�6
2�6
-3�8
-5�1
-3�0
0�8
-0�1
20.4
3�8
3�8
0�0
7�8
7�4
4�4
0�0
4�0
-0�1
0�4
15.0
0.3
14.8

0�1
5�9
1�7
1�4

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�8
2�8

2�4
4�4
5�0
2�1
0�9
0�0

16.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
7�9
7�9
4�1
0�0
3�8
0�4
2.4
1�5
1�5
0�4
-0�4
-1�4
1�2
0�5
17.4
1�8
1�8
0�0
6�7
7�5
2�9
0�0
5�1
0�5
0�4
13.6
0.3
13.3

0�1
5�0
1�4
1�7

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
2�7
2�5

2�2
4�1
4�4
1�9
0�8
0�0

15.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
7�1
7�1
4�1
0�0
3�9
0�4
2.5
1�7
1�7
0�2
0�0
-1�3
1�4
0�4
17.8
2�0
2�0
0�0
6�8
7�1
2�9
0�0
5�3
0�4
0�4
14.0
0.3
13.7

0�1
5�1
1�5
1�8

1�3

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
2�7
2�6

2�2
4�1
4�6
2�0
0�8
0�0

15.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
6�9
6�9
4�4
0�0
4�2
0�4
2.2
1�8
1�8
-0�3
0�7
-1�5
1�8
0�4
18.2
1�5
1�5
0�0
7�1
7�7
2�7
0�0
6�0
0�4
0�4
14.4
0.2
13.9

0�1
5�1
1�5
1�8

1�3

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
2�7
2�6

2�3
4�2
4�5
2�0
0�7
0�0

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

12.3
9�9
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0

13.0
9�9
0�0
0�0
3�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

13.4
9�6
0�0
0�0
3�8
0�0
0�0
0�0

14.0
8�1
0�0
0�0
5�1
0�8
0�0
0�0

14.2
8�1
0�0
0�0
5�2
0�9
0�0
0�0

14.4
7�9
0�0
0�0
5�5
0�9
0�0
0�0

36.0

36.2

38.9

28.9

30.5

31.0

16�7
4�4
8�8
0�0
5�6
0�6

15�5
1�4
8�8
0�0
9�8
0�8

4 007
10
2 019
1 863
0
0
0

19�1
14�7

85

4 437
8
1 922
2 372
0
0
0

19�4
15�5

81

86
92
3 663
3 658
6 184
6 089
-50.9
-35.9
94�4
94�9
94�8
94�3
-84�1 -104�4
-120�5 -141�3
-64�8 -113�9

16�0
0�4
24�6
22�8

54�7
68�8

95�5
12�7

57�4
73�2

101�5
13�7

17�0
0�8
7�9
0�0
12�4
0�7

5�8
19�1
49�2
124�7

4 308
0
1 574
2 649
27
27
0

20�0
15�5

82

87
3 687
5 792
-16.3
69�4
69�3
-44�3
-68�8
-68�3

22�1
1�2
32�7
31�0

52�0
65�5

90�8
11�8

7�1
0�3
1�8
0�0
18�9
0�8

6�1
11�6
40�0
93�3

3 803
0
1 317
2 437
214
0
214

16�9
14�0

65

70
3 069
5 451
13.0
85�0
85�0
5�3
-4�9
-48�2

31�4
6�7
51�4
40�7

38�1
50�8

70�5
9�0

8�9
0�3
2�2
0�0
18�5
0�7

5�9
12�0
39�4
94�9

3 886
0
1 306
2 532
217
0
217

17�4
14�4

65

70
3 126
5 450
13.4
84�6
84�6
2�5
-0�6
-44�6

32�6
6�8
53�9
42�2

40�1
53�0

73�5
9�3

6�2
0�3
1�9
0�0
21�9
0�7

5�8
11�8
38�1
94�4

3 963
0
1 312
2 589
215
0
215

17�7
14�6

65

69
3 167
5 445
11.7
115�9
116�0
-3�9
9�7
-56�2

35�8
6�8
60�4
46�5

38�0
50�8

70�5
8�8

187

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.5  Germany

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

2000

135.5
60�6
24�2
36�4
4�6
3�2
15�8
43�8
9�0
1�7
204.9
21�7
17�2
126�1
101�5
56�9
0�0
0�3
342.4
84�8
43�8
37�2
131�1
108�2
71�9
43�8
9�0
0�3
1�7
234.8
25.3
207.2

5�6
92�3
53�0
4�8

4�4

0�1
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
41�6
6�8

51�4
60�0
65�3
25�8
0�3
4�3

2005

137.0
56�5
18�0
38�4
5�5
3�6
14�3
42�1
16�9
1�8
211.5
26�0
23�8
123�7
114�5
61�9
0�4
-0�4
344.9
81�8
41�2
38�4
124�6
117�7
77�8
42�1
17�2
-0�4
1�8
234.9
24.7
206.1

4�0
82�2
52�6
8�8

6�4

0�3
0�0
1�9
0�2
0�3
44�9
10�8

54�2
54�9
63�5
33�2
0�0
0�3

2010

128.9
45�9
9�2
36�7
4�1
2�5
11�1
36�2
27�7
3�9
204.1
31�6
29�1
112�2
94�0
61�6
-0�1
-1�3
334.6
79�1
39�8
36�7
113�2
96�6
75�9
36�2
27�6
-1�3
3�9
229.6
22.6
206.4

4�4
74�9
54�0
12�7

8�2

0�5
0�1
3�2
0�8
1�0
45�8
11�3

55�3
53�2
62�5
35�4
0�0
0�2

2015

120.1
43�0
4�6
38�4
4�0
2�5
6�3
23�6
38�9
4�3
198.5
36�1
35�2
108�4
92�3
58�7
-0�5
-4�2
316.5
79�4
40�2
38�1
109�9
95�1
65�2
23�6
38�4
-4�2
4�3
219.4
21.3
198.4

4�7
73�0
49�3
14�0

9�1

0�7
0�1
2�7
1�5
1�0
44�3
9�6

55�2
55�2
53�2
34�7
0�0
0�1

2016

116.2
39�7
2�8
36�9
4�1
2�4
6�6
21�8
39�5
4�5
205.1
38�3
37�7
109�5
92�5
62�3
-0�6
-4�3
319.1
77�1
39�8
36�8
110�8
95�7
70�3
21�8
38�9
-4�3
4�5
222.5
21.4
202.5

4�6
73�6
52�4
14�3

9�3

0�7
0�1
2�7
1�5
1�1
44�5
9�8

55�8
56�6
56�0
34�0
0�0
0�1

2017

116.3
39�4
2�7
36�8
4�0
2�3
6�0
19�7
42�6
4�5
207.4
32�3
32�0
110�7
92�1
68�8
0�1
-4�5
322.2
71�3
34�2
36�8
113�2
94�6
75�3
19�7
42�7
-4�5
4�5
228.8
22.8
204.6

4�5
73�7
52�8
15�9

9�8

0�7
0�1
2�7
1�5
1�1
44�6
9�8

56�3
57�2
56�6
34�5
0�0
0�1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

188

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

118.9 128.5 162.9 203.4 208.5 215.5
95�1
10�8
11�1
55�7
42�3
0�0
0�0

97�0
10�8
11�4
44�6
39�2
0�0
0�0

85�8
20�5
11�2
26�9
18�0
0�0
0�0

95�7
10�8
11�3
49�6
40�7
0�0
0�0

76�4
20�4
10�9
18�2
2�1
0�0
0�0

80�8
22�4
9�5
6�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

576.5 619.3 630.7 645.1 647.2 652.0

296�7
4�8
60�0
169�6
39�7
5�8

288�1
12�0
83�6
163�1
69�3
3�3

262�9
8�7
100�9
140�6
111�2
6�4

24�6
83�2
13�2
675�8

272�2
6�2
74�5
91�8
193�3
7�1

37�1
78�8
12�2
669�9

261�7
5�8
93�7
84�6
193�9
7�3

37�2
87�9
13�5
698�0

241�9
5�6
98�6
76�3
222�3
7�3

39�6
94�4
14�4
703�2

71

536

594

619

122

58 362 51 045 48 714 51 194 52 530 53 158
497
30 241 23 722 18 859 16 926 16 938 17 187
27 110 26 364 28 449 32 944 34 278 34 801
2 561
733
1 827

2 884
749
2 104

2 537
744
1 792

2 539
745
1 792

1 859
153
1 552

236
0
222

317�1
220�2

320�3
218�7

312�0
220�0

295�3
212�0

297�7
216�7

298�3
218�7

134

132

121

105

104

102

146
4 168
5 884
59.4
25�6
39�2
94�6
93�8
79�1

143
4 181
6 330
60.9
31�7
57�7
97�3
97�3
79�6

7�1
4�0
10�5
7�7

131
4 090
6 509
60.5
40�0
73�2
96�8
97�3
81�2

11�7
6�4
18�2
12�1

114
3 898
6 339
62.2
45�4
87�6
96�5
97�1
90�1

14�9
6�6
30�8
13�5

112
3 883
6 296
63.7
49�6
94�7
96�4
96�7
88�6

14�9
7�0
32�2
13�1

111
3 904
6 289
63.9
45�3
93�4
95�8
97�4
91�4

15�5
7�0
34�4
13�4

919�7

889�6
1 064�7 1 016�5

856�6
967�0

820�4
931�8

828�0
937�7

827�1
936�0

84�3
13�0

80�5
12�3

76�5
11�8

73�8
11�5

74�2
11�4

74�1
11�3

189

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.6  Estonia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

3.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
1.6
0�1
0�1
0�8
0�0
0�7
0�0
-0�1
4.7
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�5
-0�1
0�0
2.7
0.2
2.4

0�1
0�7
0�2
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�5

0�6
0�6
0�9
0�3
0�1
0�0

3.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�0
1.5
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�8
-0�1
-0�1
5.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�6
-0�1
0�0
3.2
0.2
2.8

0�0
0�9
0�3
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�5

0�7
0�7
0�9
0�4
0�1
0�0

4.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
0�0
0.9
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�6
-0�2
-0�3
5.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�8
-0�3
0�0
3.0
0.1
2.9

0�0
0�9
0�2
0�6

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�5

0�6
0�7
1�0
0�4
0�1
0�0

5.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
0�1
0.6
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�4
-0�4
-0�1
5.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�9
-0�1
0�1
2.8
0.1
2.7

0�0
1�0
0�2
0�5

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�4

0�5
0�8
0�9
0�5
0�1
0�0

5.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�1
0.5
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�4
-0�5
-0�2
6.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�4
0�0
1�0
-0�2
0�1
3.3
0.1
2.8

0�0
1�0
0�3
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�5

0�5
0�8
0�9
0�5
0�1
0�0

5.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�6
0�1
0.2
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�4
-0�5
-0�2
5.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�4
0�0
1�1
-0�2
0�1
3.0
0.1
2.8

0�0
1�0
0�2
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�5

0�5
0�8
0�9
0�5
0�1
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

190

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2.8
2�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

8.5

7�7
0�1
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0

554
0
295
258
0
0
0

4�6
2�4

2.6
2�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

2.8
2�6
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

2.9
2�6
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0

2.6
2�3
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0

2.5
2�2
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0

10.2

13.0

10.4

12.2

12.9

9�3
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�1
0�0

716
0
305
409
0
0
0

5�1
2�9

11�2
0�0
0�7
0�0
1�0
0�0

0�4
1�3
10�3
12�3

741
0
289
451
0
0
0

5�6
2�9

8�0
0�1
0�6
0�0
1�5
0�1

0�4
1�2
11�9
12�5

745
0
241
503
3
3
0

5�3
2�8

9�7
0�3
0�6
0�0
1�5
0�1

0�2
0�9
7�7
3�3

766
5
254
505
3
3
0

5�9
2�8

10�0
0�1
0�8
0�0
1�8
0�1

0�0
1�1
8�4
13�6

793
8
267
517
1
1
0

5�6
2�9

427

336

378

302

322

295

454
3 379
3 579
33.8
125�2
116�1
101�5
0�0
100�0

15�4
17�4

43�0
12�4

359
3 880
4 445
28.2
88�4
96�4
98�8
0�0
100�0

17�4
0�2
1�0
32�2

17�3
19�3

47�7
14�2

399
4 243
5 181
15.3
132�6
118�3
95�8
0�0
100�0

24�6
0�4
10�2
43�3

19�1
21�3

52�6
16�0

324
4 128
5 211
9.6
-6�8
24�1
101�6
0�0
100�0

28�4
0�4
14�9
49�6

16�0
18�3

45�1
13�9

343
4 554
5 547
7.9
70�1
85�2
101�5
0�0
100�0

28�6
0�4
15�2
51�2

17�6
19�8

48�9
15�0

317
4 382
5 486
4.1
87�2
93�8
115�2
0�0
100�0

29�2
0�4
17�0
51�6

18�8
21�1

52�0
16�0

191

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.7  Ireland

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

2.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
12.4
1�7
1�7
8�2
3�0
2�5
0�0
0�0
14.4
1�8
1�8
0�0
8�2
3�4
3�4
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
10.4
0.7
10.2

0�4
6�5
1�2
0�1

0�1

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�7
0�0

2�5
3�5
2�5
1�3
0�4
0�0

1.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�4
0�0
14.0
1�9
1�9
8�9
3�3
3�0
0�0
0�2
15.5
1�9
1�9
0�0
8�8
3�4
3�5
0�0
0�4
0�2
0�0
11.1
0.5
11.8

0�5
7�5
1�4
0�2

0�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�0

2�6
4�3
2�9
1�6
0�4
0�0

1.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�6
0�0
13.2
1�0
0�9
7�7
3�0
4�5
0�0
0�0
15.1
1�2
1�2
0�0
7�8
3�0
4�7
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�0
11.3
0.3
11.3

0�3
6�6
1�6
0�3

0�2

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�2
0�0

2�1
4�0
3�3
1�5
0�3
0�0

1.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
1�0
0�1
12.7
1�5
1�5
7�5
3�7
3�6
0�1
0�1
14.1
1�4
1�4
0�0
7�0
3�4
3�8
0�0
1�1
0�1
0�1
10.7
0.2
10.4

0�3
5�6
1�7
0�3

0�2

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�2
0�0

2�4
3�8
2�7
1�3
0�2
0�0

4.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�5
0�0
1�0
0�1
10.4
1�1
1�1
7�5
3�3
1�7
0�1
-0�1
14.9
1�4
1�4
0�0
7�4
3�3
4�2
0�0
1�1
-0�1
0�1
11.2
0.3
10.7

0�3
5�9
1�8
0�4

0�2

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�2
0�0

2�4
4�1
2�7
1�3
0�2
0�0

4.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�8
0�0
1�1
0�1
9.9
1�2
1�2
7�2
3�0
1�4
0�2
-0�1
14.7
1�1
1�1
0�0
7�2
3�3
4�3
0�0
1�3
-0�1
0�1
11.0
0.2
10.7

0�2
5�8
1�8
0�4

0�2

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�1
2�2
0�0

2�5
4�0
2�6
1�4
0�2
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

192

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

4.7
4�1
0�0
0�5
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

6.2
5�1
0�0
0�5
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�0

8.0
6�4
0�0
0�2
1�4
0�0
0�0
0�0

9.6
6�6
0�0
0�5
2�5
0�0
0�0
0�0

9.9
6�6
0�0
0�5
2�8
0�0
0�0
0�0

10.5
6�6
0�0
0�5
3�3
0�0
0�0
0�0

24.0

26.0

28.4

28.4

30.5

30.9

8�6
4�6
9�3
0�0
1�5
0�0

8�8
3�3
11�6
0�0
2�2
0�0

3 509
6
1 590
1 856
0
0
0

13�7
10�8

108

115
3 804
5 371
85.4
93�3
93�1
98�8
89�8
72�1

4 309
6
1 823
2 417
1
0
1

14�9
12�7

91

95
3 759
5 923
89.6
100�8
100�8
100�0
98�9
86�1

2�8
0�1
7�2
3�4

47�0
70�3

50�6
72�0

5�7
0�6
18�1
0�0
3�9
0�0

0�3
1�9
6�7
12�0

3 939
1
1 527
2 365
93
30
63

14�8
12�0

88

91
3 319
5 588
87.2
77�7
77�5
97�5
101�6
95�3

5�8
2�5
15�6
4�3

44�0
63�4

7�4
0�4
12�4
0�0
8�1
0�1

0�3
2�1
7�5
12�6

3 693
2
1 020
2 665
88
24
64

13�9
11�2

58

59
3 023
5 360
88.9
103�1
103�1
104�6
108�2
96�3

9�1
5�9
25�5
6�3

40�9
61�7

7�0
0�3
15�3
0�0
7�8
0�1

0�3
2�2
7�1
11�2

3 960
2
1 003
2 951
118
32
86

14�6
11�6

58

60
3 149
5 411
69.1
83�6
83�5
99�1
100�1
40�0

9�3
5�2
26�8
6�3

42�5
63�9

5�8
0�1
15�7
0�0
9�1
0�2

0�3
2�2
7�0
11�8

3 863
1
905
2 954
175
44
131

14�4
11�8

53

55
3 063
5 403
67.1
111�0
111�4
98�3
91�7
32�7

10�7
7�4
30�1
6�9

41�8
63�8

124�4
18�6

127�5
17�5

112�3
13�9

109�3
13�2

113�1
13�5

112�9
13�3

193

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.8  Greece

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

10.0
8�2
0�0
8�2
0�3
0�3
0�0
0�0
1�4
0�1
21.6
0�8
0�8
19�2
19�1
1�7
0�0
0�0
27.7
9�0
0�7
8�3
15�5
19�2
1�7
0�0
1�4
0�0
0�1
18.3
0.7
17.9

0�9
11�9
0�3
1�0

0�9

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
3�7
0�0

4�5
6�5
4�5
1�3
1�1
0�0

10.3
8�5
0�0
8�5
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
1�6
0�0
23.0
0�4
0�4
20�0
17�5
2�3
0�0
0�3
30.9
9�0
0�3
8�6
17�6
18�4
2�4
0�0
1�6
0�3
0�0
20.6
0.8
20.2

0�4
13�6
0�6
1�1

1�0

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�4
0�0

4�2
7�4
5�5
1�9
1�2
0�0

9.4
7�3
0�0
7�3
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�0
0�0
21.2
0�4
0�4
16�9
19�0
3�2
0�2
0�5
28.2
7�9
0�4
7�5
14�4
19�1
3�2
0�0
2�1
0�5
0�0
18.9
1.1
18.3

0�3
11�4
0�8
1�2

0�9

0�2
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
4�6
0�0

3�5
7�4
4�6
2�0
0�8
0�0

8.5
5�7
0�0
5�7
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�1
18.2
0�2
0�2
14�4
21�7
2�7
0�1
0�8
23.9
5�6
0�2
5�4
11�9
21�4
2�7
0�0
2�8
0�8
0�1
16.3
0.7
15.7

0�2
8�6
1�0
1�4

1�1

0�2
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�1
4�4
0�0

3�1
5�8
4�4
1�9
0�3
0�3

6.8
4�0
0�0
4�0
0�2
0�2
0�0
0�0
2�5
0�1
18.3
0�2
0�2
13�8
22�9
3�5
0�1
0�8
23.4
4�4
0�2
4�2
12�1
22�8
3�5
0�0
2�6
0�8
0�1
16.7
0.6
15.8

0�2
8�6
1�0
1�3

0�9

0�2
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
4�6
0�1

3�1
5�9
4�3
2�0
0�3
0�2

7.5
4�6
0�0
4�6
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�8
0�0
18.7
0�2
0�2
13�6
23�1
4�2
0�1
0�5
24.2
4�8
0�2
4�6
11�8
23�7
4�2
0�0
2�9
0�5
0�0
16.7
0.8
16.1

0�2
8�3
1�2
1�7

0�9

0�3
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
4�6
0�1

3�1
5�8
4�4
2�2
0�3
0�2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

194

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

10.9
7�6
0�0
3�1
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0

13.3
9�7
0�0
3�1
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�0

15.3
10�6
0�0
3�2
1�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

18.9
10�9
0�0
3�4
2�1
2�6
0�0
0�0

19.2
10�8
0�0
3�4
2�4
2�6
0�0
0�0

19.4
10�8
0�0
3�4
2�6
2�6
0�0
0�0

53.8

60.0

57.4

51.9

54.4

55.3

34�3
8�9
5�9
0�0
4�6
0�2

35�5
9�2
8�2
0�0
7�0
0�1

6 438
17
3 418
2 252
0
0
0

27�0
18�7

142

165
2 575
4 005
69.0
8�5
105�8
100�2
99�5
99�1

7 343
12
4 114
2 489
0
0
0

30�1
21�0

131

147
2 815
4 640
68.2
4�1
112�4
97�7
95�2
99�1

7�0
0�1
8�2
12�8

30�8
6�1
9�8
0�0
10�5
0�1

0�6
2�5
4�3
12�7

7 322
46
3 867
2 730
91
0
91

27�1
19�0

120

137
2 532
4 777
68.6
5�1
100�5
98�6
99�5
99�9

9�8
1�9
12�3
17�9

105�5
128�9

116�5
138�9

99�9
121�0

122�1
12�0

131�5
12�7

114�6
10�9

22�1
5�7
9�1
0�0
14�9
0�1

0�6
2�0
3�9
10�9

5 563
257
2 574
2 254
142
0
142

23�2
16�5

125

139
2 198
4 677
71.0
2�8
91�5
105�5
101�5
99�9

15�4
1�1
22�1
25�8

77�8
98�2

93�0
9�0

18�9
5�6
14�9
0�0
14�9
0�2

0�5
2�6
4�8
18�9

5 713
261
2 537
2 419
149
0
149

22�8
16�7

124

136
2 173
4 948
72.9
4�4
93�7
99�6
100�5
99�2

15�1
1�6
22�7
24�6

74�4
94�8

89�8
8�8

18�8
5�5
17�1
0�0
13�9
0�0

0�3
2�2
3�9
14�6

5 621
246
2 451
2 415
166
0
166

23�1
16�8

124

141
2 250
5 012
71.1
4�8
109�3
98�0
97�8
100�5

16�3
1�8
24�5
26�6

78�3
98�9

93�6
9�2

195

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.9  Spain

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

2000

31.4
8�0
5�4
2�6
0�2
0�2
0�1
16�0
6�8
0�2
100.4
12�8
13�3
71�7
58�6
15�5
0�0
0�4
124.5
20�9
18�5
2�8
64�9
58�2
15�2
16�0
6�8
0�4
0�2
85.4
9.5
76.3

0�8
43�7
11�8
3�4

3�3

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
16�2
0�0

24�5
30�5
12�1
6�7
2�6
0�0

2005

30.0
6�3
4�1
2�1
0�2
0�2
0�1
14�8
8�4
0�2
124.8
14�4
14�7
80�2
60�7
30�2
0�0
-0�1
145.0
20�5
18�6
2�3
71�3
60�6
29�8
14�8
8�4
-0�1
0�2
101.9
8.4
93.8

0�8
50�5
17�7
3�8

3�4

0�1
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
20�8
0�0

30�1
36�8
15�2
8�4
3�1
0�2

2010

34.4
3�3
2�5
0�8
0�1
0�1
0�0
16�1
14�6
0�2
107.1
6�8
6�9
69�7
53�5
30�9
0�4
-0�7
130.4
7�3
7�2
0�2
61�4
53�8
31�1
16�1
15�0
-0�7
0�2
91.1
7.1
85.2

0�5
43�9
14�3
5�0

3�7

0�2
0�0
1�1
0�1
0�0
21�0
0�0

20�8
33�9
17�0
9�8
2�2
1�5

2015

34.0
1�2
0�8
0�4
0�2
0�2
0�1
14�9
17�3
0�3
95.4
10�2
10�1
61�8
66�0
23�8
-0�4
0�0
123.3
13�6
12�7
0�7
53�0
66�3
24�5
14�9
17�0
0�0
0�3
79.0
4.3
76.0

0�4
36�7
13�1
5�5

4�0

0�3
0�0
0�8
0�1
0�0
20�0
0�0

18�2
29�5
15�0
10�3
2�5
0�5

2016

34.6
0�7
0�5
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�0
15�3
18�2
0�2
94.5
7�7
7�7
61�8
65�4
24�7
-0�4
0�7
124.7
10�8
10�4
0�4
54�7
66�2
25�0
15�3
17�9
0�7
0�2
81.8
5.0
78.0

0�6
38�0
13�4
5�7

4�0

0�3
0�0
0�9
0�1
0�0
20�0
0�0

18�4
30�6
15�2
10�9
2�7
0�2

2017

34.2
1�1
0�5
0�6
0�1
0�1
0�0
15�1
17�6
0�3
101.9
10�9
10�8
63�2
67�2
27�6
-0�6
0�8
131.1
12�7
12�2
0�6
57�9
67�3
27�3
15�1
17�1
0�8
0�3
85.2
4.9
79.4

0�6
38�8
13�5
6�0

4�1

0�3
0�0
1�0
0�1
0�0
20�2
0�0

19�0
31�7
15�4
10�4
2�6
0�2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

196

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

53.9
26�2
7�5
18�0
2�2
0�0
0�0
0�0

76.6 101.7 106.8 105.9 103.8
46�5
49�4
40�8
7�1
7�4
7�6
20�1
20�1
18�2
23�1
22�9
9�9
7�0
7�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

50�5
7�5
18�5
20�7
4�6
0�0
0�0

48�5
7�4
20�1
23�0
7�0
0�0
0�0

224.5 289.1 301.4 280.7 274.7 275.6

79�1
22�6
21�9
62�2
38�0
0�6

79�1
24�4
80�7
57�5
46�9
0�5

25�3
16�6
95�8
62�0
101�0
0�7

3�4
22�4
7�4
153�3

51�4
17�2
53�8
57�2
100�3
0�8

3�5
22�7
8�1
120�3

36�4
16�9
53�8
58�6
108�1
0�7

4�2
27�5
10�0
138�8

45�1
15�8
65�3
58�0
90�7
0�8

4�6
28�8
10�4
139�2

49
4 561

21
5 620

51
7 682

85
9 019

30 053 36 144 32 407 27 979 29 017 29 935
58
4 871
18 903 26 037 24 228 21 433 21 982 22 352
960
138
822

1 099
232
867

836
134
702

756
190
565

219
114
104

53
4 768

52
0
52

115�0
80�0

136�6
98�1

123�3
89�1

118�6
80�4

119�2
82�5

125�6
84�3

133

133

114

111

108

110

150
3 077
4 657
76.9
61�3
71�5
101�0
100�6
101�6

149
3 349
5 595
81.6
70�3
79�1
101�2
100�1
101�4

8�4
1�3
19�1
9�4

128
2 806
5 266
77.2
92�8
95�7
99�9
99�3
99�4

13�8
5�0
29�8
12�6

122
2 655
4 995
72.9
75�4
79�6
102�1
99�5
96�9

16�2
1�3
37�0
17�0

119
2 685
5 007
71.5
71�7
74�3
99�2
98�7
98�7

17�4
5�3
36�6
17�1

121
2 819
5 041
73.9
85�6
89�0
97�9
99�9
101�3

17�5
5�9
36�3
17�5

320�4
397�1

379�5
452�6

295�4
370�1

285�2
351�8

276�0
342�2

291�4
357�3

135�4
9�8

154�3
10�5

126�2
8�0

120�0
7�6

116�7
7�4

121�8
7�7

197

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.10 France

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

2000

129.7
2�5
2�4
0�1
2�0
1�7
1�5
107�1
15�7
0�9
132.7
12�8
12�3
90�0
85�4
35�8
0�0
-6�0
256.1
14�9
14�1
0�1
87�6
86�8
35�8
107�1
15�7
-6�0
0�9
156.7
16.3
145.7

2�3
68�2
29�8
8�9

8�4

0�0
0�1
0�3
0�1
0�2
33�1
3�2

32�9
45�2
40�6
18�7
4�3
4�1

2005

136.3
0�4
0�4
0�0
1�5
1�3
0�9
116�5
16�0
1�1
144.6
13�4
12�7
95�8
86�0
40�7
-0�1
-5�2
277.2
14�2
13�6
0�0
93�7
87�6
41�0
116�5
15�9
-5�2
1�1
167.1
16.1
150.8

2�0
65�5
33�3
9�4

8�5

0�0
0�0
0�6
0�1
0�1
36�4
4�2

32�5
44�4
43�0
21�0
4�7
5�3

2010

137.0
0�2
0�2
0�0
1�1
0�9
0�6
111�6
22�2
1�3
132.3
12�1
11�2
83�2
65�5
39�6
0�2
-2�6
269.7
12�0
11�1
0�0
82�6
66�7
42�6
111�6
22�3
-2�6
1�3
161.7
13.9
146.3

1�8
58�4
32�0
12�9

9�1

0�1
0�0
2�4
0�1
0�1
38�2
2�8

27�7
43�6
45�4
24�1
4�5
1�0

2015

140.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�1
0�9
0�0
114�0
24�2
1�4
120.4
9�2
8�8
81�8
59�1
34�5
0�4
-5�5
260.1
9�3
9�1
0�1
81�2
59�9
35�0
114�0
24�6
-5�5
1�4
156.0
13.9
138.7

1�1
56�0
27�7
13�7

8�5

0�2
0�0
3�0
0�2
0�1
37�2
2�9

26�1
44�9
39�2
23�2
4�6
0�7

2016

133.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
0�8
0�0
105�1
26�1
1�5
121.9
8�5
8�3
78�3
56�9
37�9
0�7
-3�6
255.9
9�1
8�9
0�0
78�7
58�6
38�3
105�1
26�8
-3�6
1�5
157.4
13.5
141.2

1�1
55�0
29�1
14�7

9�1

0�2
0�0
3�1
0�2
0�1
37�8
3�3

26�8
45�0
41�3
23�5
4�1
0�5

2017

132.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
0�8
0�0
103�9
25�9
1�5
125.2
10�1
9�7
80�1
58�9
37�7
0�7
-3�4
256.0
9�9
9�6
0�0
79�1
59�3
38�5
103�9
26�6
-3�4
1�5
157.3
14.2
141.0

1�1
55�0
28�7
14�9

8�8

0�2
0�0
3�3
0�3
0�1
37�6
3�7

26�5
45�4
40�6
23�8
4�1
0�5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

198

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

114.5 115.7 124.1 132.2 133.1 133.1
21�9
63�1
25�7
13�5
8�6
0�0
0�2

24�9
63�1
25�6
11�5
7�7
0�0
0�2

25�9
63�1
25�6
10�3
7�1
0�0
0�2

25�9
63�2
25�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2

26�4
63�3
25�1
0�7
0�0
0�0
0�2

28�4
63�1
25�4
5�9
1�0
0�0
0�2

540.0 576.1 569.2 578.5 563.9 561.5

27�0
7�2
15�4
415�2
74�2
1�1

27�5
7�9
26�3
451�5
61�2
1�7

23�4
5�5
26�7
428�5
83�0
2�0

4�6
15�7
2�8
173�9

11�9
6�7
23�8
437�4
96�4
2�3

5�6
13�9
2�5
154�9

10�3
6�9
37�0
403�2
104�0
2�4

6�1
15�0
2�7
163�9

12�6
7�4
42�9
398�4
97�7
2�5

6�3
16�6
3�0
177�6

245

89
7 048

126
7 713

44 093 42 923 40 254 40 902 40 903 40 998
70
153
14 459 11 198
7 441
28 237 30 600 31 532 32 917 32 779 32 641
3 335
537
2 798

2 420
399
2 021

3 106
476
2 630

2 996
432
2 564

254
59
195

585
101
484

79
7 207

239�8
155�4

260�9
160�2

254�4
154�0

244�3
146�7

240�2
148�7

239�5
148�9

136

136

128

116

113

110

147
4 229
6 357
51.2
86�3
87�2
99�5
98�5
100�0

146
4 416
6 735
51.7
94�4
92�8
99�5
98�2
99�3

9�6
2�1
13�7
12�4

136
4 171
6 868
48.7
101�0
100�6
98�0
98�2
92�8

12�7
6�5
14�8
16�2

125
3 914
6 507
46.0
98�4
97�0
98�7
98�8
98�5

15�2
8�4
18�8
19�9

121
3 840
6 595
47.4
93�7
92�9
97�7
97�1
99�0

15�9
8�7
19�2
21�1

119
3 832
6 539
48.6
101�9
100�4
99�2
99�3
98�0

16�3
9�1
19�9
21�3

430�3
567�0

442�7
570�7

405�7
528�0

358�3
477�3

359�9
477�8

363�7
482�0

101�9
9�4

102�5
9�1

94�9
8�2

85�7
7�2

85�8
7�2

86�6
7�2

199

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.11 Croatia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

4.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
1�3
1�4
0�0
1�6
0�0
4.1
0�5
0�4
2�4
3�9
0�9
0�0
0�3
8.4
0�4
0�4
0�0
4�0
5�5
2�2
0�0
1�6
0�3
0�0
6.6
0.7
5.9

0�1
2�6
1�0
1�0

1�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
0�2

1�4
1�5
2�3
0�5
0�3
0�0

4.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
1�0
1�9
0�0
1�9
0�0
5.2
0�6
0�6
3�6
4�0
0�6
0�0
0�4
9.8
0�7
0�6
0�0
4�5
5�1
2�4
0�0
1�9
0�4
0�0
7.8
0.7
7.2

0�1
3�0
1�2
1�2

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�2
0�3

1�6
1�8
2�8
0�7
0�2
0�0

5.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�8
2�2
0�0
2�2
0�0
4.4
0�7
0�6
3�0
3�6
0�5
-0�1
0�3
9.5
0�7
0�6
0�0
3�7
4�4
2�6
0�0
2�1
0�3
0�0
7.7
0.6
7.1

0�2
2�8
1�3
1�3

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�4
0�2

1�4
2�0
2�8
0�8
0�2
0�0

4.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�7
1�5
0�0
2�2
0�0
4.2
0�6
0�6
2�6
2�4
0�6
-0�3
0�6
8.5
0�6
0�6
0�0
3�2
3�0
2�1
0�0
2�0
0�6
0�0
7.0
0.5
6.5

0�1
2�6
1�0
1�2

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
0�2

1�1
2�0
2�4
0�7
0�2
0�0

4.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�8
1�4
0�0
2�3
0�0
4.2
0�7
0�6
2�6
2�6
0�7
-0�3
0�5
8.6
0�7
0�6
0�0
3�3
3�4
2�2
0�0
2�0
0�5
0�0
7.0
0.5
6.5

0�1
2�7
1�0
1�2

1�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
0�2

1�1
2�0
2�4
0�8
0�2
0�0

4.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�8
1�2
0�0
2�2
0�0
4.7
0�4
0�4
2�7
2�9
1�3
-0�3
0�6
8.9
0�4
0�4
0�0
3�5
3�6
2�5
0�0
1�9
0�6
0�0
7.3
0.5
6.8

0�1
2�8
1�1
1�2

1�1

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�4
0�2

1�2
2�2
2�4
0�8
0�2
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

200

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2.1
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

3.9
1�8
0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.1
1�9
0�0
2�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.8
2�1
0�0
2�2
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.9
2�1
0�0
2�2
0�5
0�1
0�0
0�0

5.0
2�1
0�0
2�2
0�6
0�1
0�0
0�0

11.3

13.2

14.9

11.4

12.8

12.0

1�6
1�7
1�6
0�0
6�5
0�0

2�3
1�9
1�8
0�0
7�2
0�0

1 459
11
815
623
0
0
0

1 815
25
739
1 038
0
0
0

2�4
0�6
2�6
0�0
9�4
0�0

0�7
2�0
15�8
14�9

1 943
66
678
1 186
3
0
3

2�3
0�2
1�2
0�0
7�7
0�0

0�6
0�8
7�1
10�0

1 942
75
554
1 303
24
0
24

2�6
0�1
1�6
0�0
8�6
0�0

0�8
1�5
11�5
16�3

2 013
80
557
1 366
1
0
1

1�4
0�2
3�1
0�0
7�3
0�0

0�8
2�0
16�7
18�8

2 161
79
535
1 537
0
0
0

7�8
6�0

9�1
7�2

8�9
7�2

8�0
6�6

8�0
6�6

8�3
6�9

221

208

196

178

174

175

240
1 877
2 631
48.5
110�9
112�8
61�0
72�1
41�0

19�9
26�1

80�5
5�8

224
2 277
3 344
52.6
91�3
90�6
79�4
78�9
23�7

23�7
1�0
35�4
30�0

23�6
30�3

93�6
7�0

210
2 198
3 686
46.8
102�5
102�7
80�6
82�3
18�1

25�1
1�1
37�5
32�8

21�4
28�4

87�7
6�6

190
2 009
3 631
48.9
103�0
102�4
81�4
79�6
27�1

29�0
3�6
45�4
38�5

18�2
24�6

76�0
5�8

185
2 044
3 651
48.5
102�0
102�5
79�0
76�4
33�5

28�3
1�3
46�6
37�6

18�5
24�8

76�5
5�9

186
2 134
3 846
53.3
100�7
100�9
77�1
79�3
53�8

27�3
1�2
46�4
36�5

19�2
25�5

78�7
6�1

201

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.12 Italy

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

2000

28.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�9
4�6
13�6
0�0
9�6
0�3
152.4
13�1
12�9
88�0
83�6
47�0
0�5
3�8
174.5
12�6
12�2
0�0
89�9
87�9
57�9
0�0
10�1
3�8
0�3
128.8
8.4
119.7

1�5
55�0
37�6
1�7

1�5

0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�1
23�5
0�0

37�6
39�7
27�6
11�5
3�2
0�2

2005

30.3
0�1
0�1
0�0
6�3
6�1
9�9
0�0
13�3
0�7
159.8
16�4
15�9
78�5
88�5
59�8
0�8
4�2
189.4
16�5
16�0
0�0
83�3
94�1
70�7
0�0
14�1
4�2
0�7
139.6
8.6
131.5

1�3
56�0
40�6
4�5

4�1

0�0
0�2
0�2
0�0
0�1
25�9
3�1

37�2
41�8
33�9
15�1
3�3
0�2

2010

32.9
0�1
0�1
0�0
5�6
5�1
6�9
0�0
19�4
1�0
148.5
13�8
13�8
66�8
78�2
61�6
2�5
3�8
176.8
13�7
13�6
0�2
68�4
82�8
68�1
0�0
21�9
3�8
1�0
131.7
9.6
123.1

0�6
45�6
38�5
9�1

7�4

0�1
0�1
1�4
0�0
0�2
25�7
3�3

29�0
38�6
35�4
17�0
2�9
0�2

2015

36.1
0�1
0�1
0�0
5�8
5�5
5�5
0�0
23�6
1�1
121.4
12�3
11�9
52�4
61�7
50�0
2�7
4�0
155.7
12�3
11�8
0�2
56�7
67�0
55�3
0�0
26�3
4�0
1�1
117.6
6.6
112.1

0�5
41�2
33�0
8�4

6�8

0�2
0�1
1�2
0�0
0�3
24�7
3�9

24�9
36�4
32�5
15�4
2�9
0�1

2016

33.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�0
3�7
4�7
0�0
23�6
1�2
121.5
10�7
10�2
51�9
60�3
53�3
2�5
3�2
154.3
11�0
10�4
0�1
54�8
64�6
58�1
0�0
26�0
3�2
1�2
116.8
6.3
111.6

0�7
40�5
33�2
8�0

6�6

0�2
0�1
1�0
0�0
0�3
24�6
4�0

25�1
35�8
32�2
15�4
2�9
0�2

2017

36.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�5
4�1
4�5
0�0
26�5
1�1
124.6
9�4
9�1
52�8
65�7
56�8
2�3
3�2
159.5
9�3
9�1
0�0
55�4
70�1
61�5
0�0
28�8
3�2
1�1
121.2
7.9
113.6

0�5
38�3
33�9
11�3

7�2

0�2
0�1
1�1
0�0
0�2
25�1
4�1

24�9
34�5
32�9
18�2
2�9
0�1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

202

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

75.5
54�0
0�0
20�3
0�4
0�0
0�6
0�0

85.5 106.6 117.0 114.2 114.2
61�3
65�6
61�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
22�4
22�2
21�0
9�7
9�1
1�6
19�7
18�9
0�0
0�8
0�8
0�7
0�0
0�0
0�0

62�1
0�0
22�3
9�4
19�3
0�8
0�0

74�7
0�0
21�5
5�8
3�6
0�7
0�0

275.9 302.6 301.3 282.4 289.0 295.2

26�3
85�9
105�6
0�0
57�6
0�5

43�6
47�1
155�1
0�0
55�3
1�5

39�7
21�7
157�4
0�0
80�3
2�1

7�4
34�7
11�5
202�5

43�2
13�4
113�0
0�0
110�3
2�4

9�0
39�5
14�0
213�2

35�6
12�1
128�9
0�0
109�8
2�5

8�5
40�3
13�9
219�8

32�6
11�5
142�8
0�0
105�7
2�5

8�4
41�0
13�8
219�9

1 562

1 817
8 192

38 633 40 430 35 534 33 187 32 708 31 421
1 832
1 334
1 131
17 556 14 175 10 276
7 433
18 415 23 793 22 703 22 090 22 136 20 987
1 062
33
1 029

1 419
122
1 297

1 167
25
1 142

1 041
33
1 008

177
0
177

1 756
7 650

0
0
0

166�1
124�8

180�8
137�2

167�3
128�5

149�1
116�2

148�0
115�9

148�9
115�2

107

111

104

96

94

93

113
3 066
4 795
86.5
104�6
105�7
96�1
95�1
81�1

118
3 273
5 199
83.3
99�4
99�7
91�8
94�0
84�7

7�5
1�0
16�3
8�2

112
2 988
5 057
82.6
100�8
101�4
93�6
94�5
90�5

13�0
4�7
20�1
15�6

101
2 562
4 729
77.0
100�2
100�5
89�4
92�2
90�4

17�5
6�5
33�5
19�3

99
2 543
4 715
77.7
97�5
98�0
90�9
93�3
91�8

17�4
7�4
34�0
18�9

101
2 633
4 819
77.0
100�2
100�2
91�5
93�6
92�3

18�3
6�5
34�1
20�1

478�2
562�1

502�9
589�2

435�2
514�7

365�4
443�7

363�8
442�5

360�2
439�0

107�7
9�9

112�9
10�2

98�6
8�7

85�0
7�3

84�8
7�3

84�1
7�2

203

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.13 Cyprus

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.6
0�0
0�0
2�5
1�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�3
1�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1.5
0.1
1.4

0�0
1�0
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0

0�4
0�6
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�1

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.9
0�0
0�0
2�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
1.5
0.1
1.5

0�0
1�1
0�0
0�1

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0

0�3
0�7
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
3.0
0�0
0�0
2�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
1.7
0.1
1.6

0�0
1�1
0�0
0�1

0�0

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�2
0�8
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
2.5
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
1.4
0.0
1.4

0�0
0�9
0�0
0�1

0�0

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�2
0�6
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
2.6
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
1.5
0.0
1.5

0�0
1�0
0�0
0�1

0�0

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�2
0�7
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
2.7
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
1.6
0.0
1.5

0�0
1�0
0�0
0�1

0�0

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�2
0�7
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

204

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

1.0
1�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

3.4

0�0
3�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

577
0
218
359
0
0
0

2�3
1�6

1.1
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.4

0�0
4�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

676
0
321
355
0
0
0

2�5
1�8

1.6
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

5.3

0�0
5�2
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0

0�0
0�1
1�0
0�1

750
0
413
338
15
0
15

2�7
1�9

1.8
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�0

4.5

0�0
4�1
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�2

612
0
365
247
10
0
10

2�3
1�7

1.8
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�0

4.9

0�0
4�5
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�6
0�1

645
0
375
271
9
0
9

2�4
1�8

1.8
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�0

5.0

0�0
4�6
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�6
0�1

668
0
371
297
9
0
9

2�5
1�9

167

145

138

127

129

129

152
166
187
3 365
3 476
3 511
4 339
5 960
5 402
98.6 100.7 100.8
65�6
121�1
102�0
65�4
121�2
102�0
104�2
102�3
100�3
0�0
0�0
98�5
0�0
0�0
0�0

3�1

0�0
10�0

8�9
10�2

6�0
2�0
1�4
18�2

8�9
10�3

8�0
9�2

142
2 704
4 830
97.7
100�0
100�0
102�8
0�0
0�0

9�4
2�5
8�4
22�5

7�7
9�1

147
2 896
5 186
96.2
0�0
0�0
100�7
0�0
0�0

9�3
2�7
8�6
23�0

8�2
9�6

144
2 996
5 313
96.3
326�4
326�4
100�9
0�0
0�0

9�9
2�6
8�9
24�5

8�5
10�0

144�2
13�4

159�1
13�9

161�0
12�6

141�7
10�7

150�6
11�3

155�7
11�6

205

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.14 Latvia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

1.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�4
0�0
2.4
0�1
0�1
1�2
0�0
1�1
-0�2
0�2
3.9
0�1
0�1
0�0
1�3
0�0
1�1
0�0
1�2
0�2
0�0
3.3
0.1
3.2

0�1
1�0
0�3
0�8

0�8

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�4
0�6

0�6
0�7
1�3
0�5
0�1
0�0

1.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�9
0�0
3.1
0�1
0�1
1�8
0�0
1�4
-0�4
0�2
4.6
0�1
0�1
0�0
1�5
0�0
1�4
0�0
1�5
0�2
0�0
4.0
0.1
4.0

0�1
1�3
0�5
1�0

1�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�6

0�7
1�0
1�5
0�6
0�2
0�0

2.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�0
0�0
2.2
0�1
0�1
1�7
0�0
0�9
-0�6
0�1
4.6
0�1
0�1
0�0
1�5
0�0
1�5
0�0
1�4
0�1
0�0
4.1
0.1
4.0

0�1
1�3
0�5
0�9

0�9

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�6

0�8
1�1
1�4
0�6
0�2
0�0

2.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�3
0�0
2.4
0�0
0�0
1�8
0�0
1�1
-0�7
0�2
4.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�0
1�1
0�0
1�5
0�2
0�1
3.8
0.1
3.7

0�0
1�3
0�3
0�9

0�9

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�6
0�5

0�8
1�0
1�1
0�6
0�2
0�0

2.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�0
2.2
0�0
0�0
2�0
0�0
0�9
-0�8
0�1
4.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�0
1�1
0�0
1�6
0�1
0�0
3.8
0.1
3.7

0�0
1�3
0�3
0�9

0�9

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�6

0�7
1�0
1�1
0�6
0�2
0�0

2.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
2.1
0�0
0�0
1�8
0�0
1�0
-0�8
0�0
4.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�6
0�0
1�0
0�0
1�9
0�0
0�0
3.9
0.1
3.9

0�0
1�3
0�3
1�0

1�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�6

0�8
1�1
1�2
0�6
0�2
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

206

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2.1
0�6
0�0
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.1

0�1
0�1
1�1
0�0
2�8
0�0

707
21
347
340
0
0
0

3�8
3�3

2.2
0�6
0�0
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.9

0�0
0�0
1�5
0�0
3�4
0�0

991
26
352
613
3
0
3

4�5
4�0

2.6
1�0
0�0
1�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

6.6

0�0
0�0
3�0
0�0
3�6
0�0

2.9
1�3
0�0
1�6
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

5.5

0�0
0�0
2�8
0�0
2�8
0�0

2.9
1�3
0�0
1�6
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

6.4

0�0
0�0
2�9
0�0
3�5
0�0

2.9
1�3
0�0
1�6
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

7.5

0�0
0�0
2�1
0�0
5�5
0�0

0�9
3�0
45�0
10�4

1 046
24
294
728
27
8
19

1�1
2�5
44�7
12�4

1 006
64
205
737
23
8
15

1�3
3�1
48�5
14�5

1 014
62
200
752
11
8
3

1�3
2�8
37�7
14�2

1 063
58
192
811
9
8
1

4�6
4�1

4�3
3�8

4�3
3�8

4�5
4�0

308

246

256

202

199

198

315
1 623
1 880
61.0
84�1
82�5
94�9
0�0
101�9

7�2
10�6

39�9
4�4

266
2 040
2 547
63.8
97�7
96�7
102�2
0�0
105�6

32�3
2�4
43�0
42�7

8�0
11�6

43�7
5�2

274
2 183
2 931
45.5
106�5
106�6
94�4
0�0
61�8

30�4
4�0
42�1
40�7

8�9
12�7

47�7
6�0

219
2 205
3 253
51.2
85�2
85�2
102�9
0�0
98�6

37�5
3�9
52�2
51�7

7�6
11�6

43�7
5�8

218
2 231
3 292
47.2
85�9
85�9
109�1
0�0
82�9

37�1
2�8
51�3
51�8

7�6
11�7

44�0
5�9

213
2 334
3 325
44.1
88�5
88�5
100�1
0�0
102�0

39�0
2�5
54�4
54�6

7�7
11�8

44�3
6�0

207

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.15 Lithuania

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

3.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�3
0�3
0�0
2�3
0�7
0�0
4.3
0�1
0�0
2�3
4�6
2�1
0�0
-0�1
7.2
0�1
0�0
0�1
2�2
4�9
2�1
2�3
0�7
-0�1
0�0
4.3
0.7
3.7

0�1
1�3
0�4
0�6

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�8

0�8
1�0
1�4
0�5
0�1
0�0

3.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�2
0�0
2�8
0�9
0�0
5.0
0�2
0�0
2�6
8�9
2�5
0�0
-0�3
8.8
0�2
0�0
0�2
2�7
9�4
2�5
2�8
0�9
-0�3
0�0
5.3
0.7
4.6

0�2
1�6
0�6
0�7

0�7

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�9

1�1
1�4
1�5
0�6
0�1
0�0

1.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
1�2
0�0
5.7
0�2
0�1
2�7
9�1
2�5
-0�1
0�5
6.8
0�2
0�1
0�1
2�6
9�2
2�5
0�0
1�1
0�5
0�0
5.4
0.7
4.8

0�2
1�6
0�6
0�7

0�7

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�9

0�9
1�5
1�6
0�6
0�1
0�0

1.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�0
5.5
0�1
0�1
2�7
8�7
2�1
-0�1
0�6
6.9
0�2
0�2
0�0
2�6
8�7
2�1
0�0
1�4
0�6
0�0
5.9
1.1
4.8

0�2
1�8
0�5
0�7

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�8

1�0
1�8
1�4
0�6
0�1
0�0

1.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�0
5.6
0�1
0�1
2�9
9�4
1�9
0�0
0�7
7.1
0�2
0�1
0�0
2�8
9�4
1�8
0�0
1�5
0�7
0�0
6.0
1.0
5.0

0�2
1�9
0�6
0�7

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�8

1�0
1�9
1�4
0�6
0�1
0�0

1.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0
1�7
0�0
5.7
0�2
0�2
3�0
9�9
1�9
-0�1
0�7
7.4
0�2
0�1
0�0
2�9
9�9
1�9
0�0
1�6
0�7
0�0
6.4
1.2
5.2

0�2
2�0
0�6
0�7

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�9

1�1
2�0
1�5
0�6
0�1
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

208

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

5.7
2�5
2�4
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.6
2�5
1�2
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

11.3

14.6

0�0
0�7
1�6
8�4
0�6
0�0

0�0
0�4
3�0
10�3
0�8
0�0

3.6
2�5
0�0
0�9
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

5.5

0�0
0�6
3�2
0�0
1�7
0�0

3.6
2�2
0�0
0�9
0�4
0�1
0�0
0�0

4.7

0�0
0�3
2�0
0�0
2�4
0�1

3.7
2�2
0�0
0�9
0�5
0�1
0�0
0�0

4.0

0�0
0�2
1�0
0�0
2�7
0�1

3.3
1�8
0�0
0�9
0�5
0�1
0�0
0�0

3.9

0�0
0�1
0�6
0�0
3�1
0�1

1�1
2�0
34�6
19�3

1 421
174
296
951
45
10
34

1�0
1�5
31�3
12�4

1 647
133
200
1 313
68
10
58

0�6
1�1
25�9
9�5

1 770
126
216
1 429
57
6
50

0�6
1�1
26�2
10�4

1 861
116
214
1 530
61
7
54

1 026
120
390
513
0
0
0

1 359
229
351
779
3
1
3

6�5
3�8

8�0
4�7

6�2
4�8

5�8
4�9

6�0
5�1

6�2
5�3

357

304

220

172

175

171

398
2 051
1 764
58.9
101�7
100�0
101�0
94�5
100�0

11�9
19�6

40�3
5�6

338
2 617
2 377
56.6
101�0
100�0
93�4
95�3
100�7

16�8
0�6
3�8
29�3

14�2
23�0

47�3
6�9

249
2 174
2 652
81.9
95�7
109�7
98�7
99�0
99�7

19�6
3�8
7�4
32�5

13�9
20�9

42�9
6�6

207
2 365
3 198
78.4
90�6
90�1
100�7
99�5
99�7

25�8
4�6
15�5
46�1

13�4
20�5

42�1
7�0

210
2 452
3 375
77.6
91�8
91�5
97�9
99�4
100�6

25�6
3�6
16�9
46�6

13�4
20�5

42�1
7�1

210
2 589
3 532
75.6
107�8
109�0
96�3
99�5
99�3

25�8
3�7
18�3
46�5

13�7
20�7

42�7
7�3

209

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.16 Luxembourg

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
3.6
0�1
0�1
2�4
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�5
3.7
0�1
0�1
0�0
2�3
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
3.2
0.1
3.2

0�1
1�9
0�6
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0

0�7
1�6
0�5
0�4
0�0
0�0

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
4.7
0�1
0�1
3�1
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�3
4.8
0�1
0�1
0�0
3�2
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�1
0�3
0�0
4.1
0.0
4.0

0�1
2�7
0�6
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�1

0�8
2�3
0�5
0�4
0�0
0�0

0.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
4.5
0�1
0�1
2�9
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�3
4.6
0�1
0�1
0�0
2�9
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�1
0�3
0�0
3.9
0.0
3.9

0�1
2�4
0�7
0�1

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�1

0�8
2�2
0�5
0�4
0�0
0�0

0.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
4.0
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�8
0�1
0�5
4.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�2
0�5
0�0
3.6
0.0
3.5

0�0
2�1
0�6
0�1

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�1

0�6
2�0
0�5
0�4
0�0
0�0

0.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
4.0
0�1
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�7
0�1
0�5
4.2
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�2
0�5
0�0
3.6
0.0
3.5

0�1
2�1
0�6
0�1

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�1

0�7
1�9
0�5
0�4
0�0
0�0

0.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
4.1
0�0
0�0
2�7
0�0
0�7
0�1
0�5
4.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�8
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�3
0�5
0�0
3.6
0.0
3.6

0�0
2�1
0�6
0�2

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�1

0�6
2�0
0�5
0�5
0�0
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

210

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

1.2
0�1
0�0
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

1.2

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�9
0�0

1.7
0�5
0�0
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.1

0�0
0�0
3�1
0�0
1�0
0�0

1.7
0�5
0�0
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

4.6

0�0
0�0
2�9
0�0
1�6
0�0

0�1
0�4
9�6
3�2

1 588
2
595
990
0
0
0

2 341
2
514
1 824
1
0
0

2 124
1
362
1 760
42
1
41

3�6
3�5

4�8
4�5

4�6
4�3

117

134

115

2.0
0�5
0�0
1�3
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

2.8

0�0
0�0
0�8
0�0
1�9
0�1

0�1
0�4
12�7
2�4

1 863
1
293
1 570
83
7
76

4�1
4�0

90

1.7
0�1
0�0
1�3
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

2.2

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
1�9
0�1

0�1
0�3
15�7
2�3

1 807
1
285
1 521
89
9
81

4�2
4�0

88

1.7
0�1
0�0
1�3
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

2.2

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
1�9
0�1

0�1
0�3
15�5
2�6

1 843
1
301
1 542
113
7
107

4�3
4�2

90

119

91
7 425

89
7 278

116
9 254

135
8 433 10 411

90
7 343
13 319 13 340 13 132 11 056 11 050 10 825
95.4
100�0
100�0
99�7
0�0
100�0

99.6
100�0
100�0
102�1
0�0
100�0

96.1
100�0
100�0
100�0
0�0
100�0

97.4
100�0
100�0
99�4
0�0
100�0

95.9
100�0
100�0
99�3
0�0
100�0

97.0
100�0
100�0
99�3
0�0
100�0

1�4
0�1
3�2
3�6

2�9
2�1
3�8
4�7

9�7
10�6

13�4
14�3

12�5
13�4

80�8
24�5

108�8
31�0

102�3
26�8

5�1
6�7
6�2
7�1

10�7
11�6

88�6
20�7

5�4
5�9
6�7
7�3

10�6
11�6

87�9
20�0

6�4
6�4
8�1
8�1

10�9
11�9

90�8
20�2

211

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.17 Hungary

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

11.6
2�9
0�0
2�9
1�7
1�7
2�5
3�7
0�8
0�0
13.9
1�1
0�9
5�2
5�8
7�3
0�0
0�3
25.2
3�8
0�9
3�0
6�9
7�4
9�7
3�7
0�8
0�3
0�0
17.2
1.6
15.6

0�4
4�0
6�4
0�8

0�7

0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�5
1�4

3�3
3�1
5�6
3�0
0�7
0�0

10.9
1�7
0�0
1�7
1�5
1�4
2�3
3�6
1�7
0�1
17.7
1�3
1�0
6�1
6�2
9�8
0�0
0�5
28.5
3�1
0�9
2�1
7�5
7�6
12�1
3�6
1�7
0�5
0�1
20.3
2.2
18.2

0�5
4�6
7�7
1�2

1�1

0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�8
1�3

3�1
4�0
7�0
3�5
0�6
0�0

11.7
1�6
0�0
1�6
1�1
1�1
2�2
4�0
2�7
0�1
15.1
1�1
1�3
5�8
5�8
7�7
0�0
0�4
26.6
2�7
1�3
1�7
6�8
6�8
9�8
4�0
2�8
0�4
0�1
18.9
2.0
16.9

0�2
4�4
6�1
2�0

1�7

0�0
0�1
0�2
0�0
0�0
2�9
1�1

2�6
4�1
6�6
3�0
0�5
0�0

11.1
1�5
0�0
1�5
0�9
0�9
1�4
4�0
3�2
0�1
13.6
0�8
1�0
6�6
6�2
5�2
-0�2
1�2
25.2
2�4
1�0
1�6
7�0
6�8
7�5
4�0
3�0
1�2
0�1
18.6
1.9
16.9

0�2
5�0
5�3
2�2

1�9

0�0
0�1
0�2
0�0
0�1
3�1
1�0

3�9
4�2
6�0
2�2
0�6
0�0

11.3
1�5
0�0
1�5
1�0
1�0
1�4
4�1
3�2
0�1
14.3
0�7
1�0
6�3
5�9
6�3
-0�2
1�1
25.6
2�2
1�0
1�5
7�0
6�9
8�0
4�1
3�0
1�1
0�2
19.0
1.8
17.4

0�2
5�1
5�5
2�2

1�9

0�0
0�1
0�2
0�0
0�1
3�2
1�1

4�0
4�3
6�2
2�2
0�6
0�0

11.1
1�3
0�0
1�3
1�0
1�0
1�4
4�1
3�2
0�1
16.7
1�0
1�1
6�6
5�8
8�2
-0�2
1�1
26.7
2�2
1�1
1�4
7�6
6�7
8�5
4�1
3�0
1�1
0�2
19.9
2.2
18.0

0�3
5�3
5�7
2�1

1�8

0�0
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�1
3�3
1�0

4�3
4�5
6�3
2�2
0�6
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

212

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

8.3
6�4
1�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

8.6
6�7
1�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

9.0
6�6
2�0
0�1
0�3
0�0
0�0
0�0

8.6
6�1
2�0
0�1
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

8.8
6�1
2�0
0�1
0�3
0�2
0�0
0�0

8.9
6�1
2�0
0�1
0�3
0�3
0�0
0�0

35.2

35.8

37.4

30.3

31.8

32.8

9�6
4�4
6�7
14�2
0�2
0�1

7�0
0�5
12�5
13�8
1�9
0�1

2 971
0
1 414
1 557
0
0
0

23�6
16�2

292

312
2 468
2 880
55.0
28�1
96�4
75�9
78�5
75�4

59�3
73�9

78�5
7�2

3 932
33
1 568
2 328
3
3
0

26�4
18�7

264

285
2 825
3 203
62.2
42�5
108�3
81�6
81�4
81�1

6�9
0�9
4�4
9�9

61�3
76�2

80�9
7�5

6�2
0�5
11�7
15�8
3�0
0�2

1�9
7�3
19�6
42�2

3 791
29
1 348
2 414
175
57
118

24�6
17�5

249

269
2 655
3 416
56.9
41�9
99�2
85�3
85�3
78�7

12�7
6�1
7�1
18�1

52�8
65�7

69�7
6�6

5�8
0�1
5�2
15�8
3�2
0�1

1�6
4�1
13�5
24�4

3 873
30
1 283
2 559
175
43
133

23�3
17�4

214

231
2 557
3 682
53.9
33�7
99�2
93�7
91�4
69�7

14�4
7�1
7�3
21�2

47�2
61�3

65�1
6�2

5�6
0�1
6�6
16�1
3�3
0�2

1�5
4�8
15�1
24�7

4 006
28
1 388
2 590
187
44
143

23�7
17�8

213

230
2 603
3 779
55.8
32�5
99�0
89�7
86�2
78�9

14�3
7�6
7�3
20�9

48�0
61�7

65�6
6�3

4�9
0�1
8�0
16�1
3�5
0�2

1�5
4�6
14�1
25�2

4 207
26
1 366
2 815
148
40
108

24�5
18�5

211

230
2 723
3 928
62.6
44�1
101�7
86�6
86�0
96�2

13�3
6�8
7�5
19�6

50�3
64�5

68�5
6�6

213

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.18 Malta

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1.5
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0.3
0.0
0.3

0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0

0�0
0�2
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1.6
0�0
0�0
1�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0.4
0.0
0.4

0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0

0�1
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.4
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0.4
0.0
0.4

0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0

0�0
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.2
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0.5
0.0
0.5

0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0

0�0
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2.5
0�0
0�0
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0.5
0.0
0.5

0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0

0�0
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
3.0
0�0
0�0
2�7
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
0.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0.5
0.0
0.5

0�0
0�3
0�0
0�0

0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0

0�1
0�2
0�1
0�1
0�0
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

214

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

1.9

0�0
1�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

153
0
75
78
0
0
0

0�8
0�4

0.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

2.2

0�0
2�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

165
0
67
94
0
0
0

0�9
0�5

0.6
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

2.1

0�0
2�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

185
0
74
108
1
0
1

0�9
0�5

150

153

141

0.7
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

1.3

0�0
1�2
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

192
0
77
111
5
0
5

0�8
0�6

87

0.6
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

0.9

0�0
0�7
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0

0�1
0�2
28�3
0�1

191
0
78
110
6
0
6

0�7
0�6

78

0.7
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

1.6

0�0
0�2
1�3
0�0
0�2
0�0

0�1
0�2
12�6
0�1

200
1
79
119
9
0
9

0�8
0�6

83

267
272
2 324
2 080
4 031
4 614
100.2 100.0
0�0
0�0
100�0
0�0
0�0

0�0
0�0
100�2
0�0
0�0

0�1

1�0

2�9
3�2

2�9
3�1

362
2 266
4 406
99.0
0�0
0�0
99�2
0�0
0�0

1�0

0�0
7�5

2�8
3�2

302
271
266
1 801
1 595
1 721
4 808
5 066
4 693
97.3 101.1 102.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
104�2
101�8
0�0
0�0
105�2
0�0

0�0
0�0
97�9
0�0
0�0

5�2
4�8
4�3
14�8

2�1
2�5

6�2
5�4
5�7
16�1

1�8
2�3

7�2
6�8
6�6
19�8

2�0
2�6

134�5
8�0

138�1
7�9

139�7
7�8

110�4
5�8

98�8
5�0

112�2
5�6

215

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.19 The Netherlands

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

58.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
3�0
2�4
52�8
1�0
1�5
0�6
35.0
7�7
7�7
42�9
60�7
-17�2
-0�1
1�6
78.3
7�8
7�8
0�0
30�9
62�8
35�0
1�0
1�4
1�6
0�6
58.8
11.3
47.5

0�1
14�0
20�7
0�5

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
8�2
3�7

15�2
10�6
10�8
6�2
4�5
0�1

62.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�8
2�3
56�2
1�0
2�0
0�7
37.5
8�2
8�2
48�4
61�4
-20�9
0�3
1�6
83.7
8�1
8�2
0�0
34�7
63�5
35�3
1�0
2�3
1�6
0�7
62.1
13.6
49.0

0�1
14�9
20�0
0�6

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
9�0
3�8

15�6
11�4
10�7
6�9
4�2
0�1

71.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�0
1�5
64�7
0�9
3�1
0�7
28.3
7�6
7�5
44�5
60�4
-24�2
0�1
0�2
86.2
7�5
7�4
0�0
33�4
61�9
40�1
0�9
3�3
0�2
0�7
64.8
14.4
50.8

0�1
15�3
21�6
1�0

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�1
0�1
9�3
3�0

14�4
11�7
12�5
7�8
4�2
0�1

48.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�5
1�8
39�4
0�9
4�9
0�6
42.7
10�5
10�6
42�8
60�0
-10�5
-1�1
0�8
76.2
10�9
11�0
0�0
30�4
61�2
28�6
0�9
3�8
0�8
0�8
55.1
12.2
44.1

0�1
13�7
17�2
1�4

0�7

0�0
0�1
0�3
0�1
0�0
9�0
2�2

13�4
10�4
9�6
6�8
3�8
0�1

46.5
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�0
1�3
38�1
0�9
4�9
0�7
41.1
10�1
10�1
41�2
61�4
-9�9
-1�0
0�4
77.7
10�1
10�2
0�0
31�5
62�1
30�0
0�9
3�9
0�4
0�9
56.9
12.8
44.7

0�1
14�0
17�4
1�3

0�7

0�0
0�1
0�3
0�1
0�0
9�1
2�2

13�8
10�4
9�9
6�7
3�8
0�1

42.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�9
1�2
33�2
0�8
5�6
0�7
46.6
9�2
9�3
39�5
60�7
-1�4
-1�2
0�3
78.3
9�1
9�2
0�0
32�0
62�2
30�9
0�8
4�3
0�3
0�9
58.1
13.6
45.0

0�1
14�2
17�4
1�5

0�8

0�0
0�1
0�3
0�1
0�0
9�1
2�1

13�8
10�7
9�7
6�8
3�8
0�1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

216

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

21.1
20�1
0�4
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0

21.8
20�0
0�4
0�0
1�2
0�1
0�0
0�0

26.7
23�7
0�5
0�0
2�2
0�1
0�0
0�0

33.9
28�4
0�5
0�0
3�4
1�5
0�0
0�0

34.2
27�3
0�5
0�0
4�3
2�0
0�0
0�0

33.8
26�2
0�5
0�0
4�2
2�9
0�0
0�0

89.4

99.7 119.1 110.2 115.1 117.1

24�3
2�6
54�4
3�9
3�0
1�2

23�5
2�3
61�0
4�0
7�4
1�4

22�6
1�3
78�5
4�0
11�2
1�6

9�3
39�2
33�2
233�6

10 501 11 239 11 268
343
4 048
6 863
229
134
95

602
3 964
5 916
0
0
0

448
4 039
6 738
0
0
0

66�9
52�1

120

164
4 934
5 993
38.3
99�4
98�9
97�4
96�7
-49�1

70�1
54�1

117

166
5 134
6 403
37.8
101�3
100�0
96�2
96�7
-59�3

2�5
0�5
6�3
2�4

71�7
55�3

112

156
5 198
6 501
28.3
101�4
101�6
94�2
97�6
-60�4

3�9
3�3
9�6
3�1

39�4
1�3
50�1
4�1
13�7
1�6

9�2
29�8
27�1
189�6

9 897
192
3 783
5 911
298
142
156

63�8
49�2

96

133
4 506
6 175
48.4
96�5
96�5
101�3
98�0
-36�7

5�7
5�4
11�0
5�4

36�7
1�3
56�6
4�0
14�8
1�7

31�3
1�2
62�2
3�4
17�4
1�7

9�1
30�8
26�7
174�3

9�4
31�4
26�8
180�5

9 947 10 155
163
4 036
5 946
307
129
178

181
3 906
5 849
240
121
119

64�8
49�9

96

132
4 578
6 244
45.9
99�6
99�2
95�2
98�8
-32�8

5�9
4�9
12�5
5�4

64�5
50�3

93

129
4 583
6 185
51.8
100�8
101�4
90�5
97�6
-4�4

6�6
5�9
13�8
5�9

182�4
229�8

188�9
225�8

192�9
224�1

178�3
207�5

178�5
207�6

176�9
205�8

101�5
14�5

99�7
13�8

99�0
13�5

91�7
12�3

91�7
12�2

90�9
12�0

217

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.20 Austria

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

9.8
0�3
0�0
0�3
1�1
1�1
1�5
0�0
6�6
0�3
19.2
3�0
2�3
11�0
7�4
5�3
0�0
-0�1
29.2
3�6
2�5
0�3
12�3
8�5
6�6
0�0
6�6
-0�1
0�3
23.6
1.7
21.8

0�7
9�0
4�0
2�4

2�3

0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
4�4
1�0

6�0
6�4
6�3
2�6
0�5
0�0

9.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�9
1�3
0�0
7�0
0�4
24.7
4�0
3�0
13�3
8�0
7�2
0�0
0�2
34.2
4�0
2�8
0�3
14�4
9�0
8�1
0�0
7�0
0�2
0�4
27.1
1.6
25.5

0�5
11�2
4�6
2�8

2�5

0�1
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�2
4�9
1�2

7�2
8�4
6�4
3�0
0�5
0�0

11.7
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�1
1�1
1�4
0�0
8�6
0�6
21.9
3�4
2�4
11�8
6�9
6�1
0�4
0�2
34.3
3�4
2�5
0�0
13�0
8�0
8�1
0�0
9�0
0�2
0�6
27.4
1.8
25.6

0�4
9�7
4�7
3�6

2�8

0�2
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�2
5�1
1�7

7�5
8�2
6�6
2�8
0�5
0�0

12.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�9
1�0
0�0
9�4
0�7
20.3
2�8
2�1
11�3
8�2
5�0
0�4
0�9
33.5
3�2
2�5
0�0
12�0
9�0
6�9
0�0
9�8
0�9
0�7
27.1
1.8
25.3

0�3
9�1
4�5
4�0

2�9

0�2
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�3
5�3
1�7

7�6
8�4
6�3
2�4
0�5
0�0

12.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�8
0�8
1�0
0�0
9�8
0�8
21.1
2�9
2�3
11�3
7�4
6�1
0�3
0�6
33.8
3�0
2�3
0�0
12�3
8�3
7�1
0�0
10�0
0�6
0�8
27.6
1.8
25.7

0�3
9�3
4�6
4�0

3�0

0�2
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�3
5�3
1�8

7�8
8�5
6�5
2�3
0�5
0�0

12.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�7
0�7
1�0
0�0
9�8
0�7
22.2
3�1
2�4
11�4
7�3
7�0
0�2
0�6
34.4
3�1
2�3
0�0
12�3
8�2
7�8
0�0
9�9
0�6
0�7
27.9
1.7
26.2

0�3
9�5
4�8
4�0

3�0

0�2
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�3
5�4
1�8

8�1
8�7
6�6
2�4
0�5
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

218

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

17.8
6�1
0�0
11�6
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

18.9
6�5
0�0
11�6
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0

21.2
7�3
0�0
12�7
1�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

24.5
7�7
0�0
13�4
2�5
0�9
0�0
0�0

25.2
7�3
0�0
14�1
2�7
1�1
0�0
0�0

24.9
6�6
0�0
14�1
2�9
1�3
0�0
0�0

61.2

66.8

71.1

65.2

68.3

71.3

5�7
1�7
8�9
0�0
44�8
0�1

7�2
1�6
14�3
0�0
43�2
0�4

5 960
16
2 016
3 892
16
0
16

27�5
23�7

108

115
3 650
6 441
65.6
83�9
91�6
89�1
87�0
80�6

68�0
82�1

7 892
22
2 137
5 693
74
0
74

32�6
27�7

117

123
4 171
7 011
72.1
100�0
107�1
92�1
88�8
88�5

23�7
5�1
61�9
21�9

81�4
94�5

4�9
1�3
16�1
0�0
48�2
0�6

3�2
11�0
15�4
110�6

7 181
21
1 767
5 351
496
78
418

32�4
27�7

110

116
4 113
7 164
63.7
100�0
97�4
90�4
86�5
75�3

29�9
10�7
65�6
28�7

74�3
86�8

2�9
0�9
9�8
0�0
50�8
0�8

2�8
9�0
13�8
105�9

7 237
14
1 542
5 637
652
60
592

31�5
27�4

101

107
3 901
7 115
60.6
86�5
84�2
93�8
91�1
72�6

32�8
11�4
70�6
32�0

68�9
81�0

2�0
1�0
10�4
0�0
54�0
0�9

3�4
10�9
16�0
114�9

7 437
12
1 524
5 858
540
57
483

31�7
27�8

100

106
3 880
7 130
62.5
96�0
96�6
91�8
89�5
85�8

33�0
10�6
73�3
32�2

69�6
81�9

1�8
0�8
13�1
0�0
54�7
0�9

2�9
9�5
13�4
116�0

7 621
12
1 507
6 060
468
56
412

32�5
28�4

100

105
3 924
7 157
64.4
99�8
106�1
92�2
89�1
90�2

32�6
9�7
72�2
32�1

72�2
84�5

103�2
10�3

118�8
11�5

109�1
10�4

101�9
9�4

103�0
9�4

106�2
9�6

219

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.21 Poland

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

79.4
71�3
59�2
12�1
0�9
0�7
3�3
0�0
3�8
0�1
9.6
-16�3
-13�8
19�9
18�1
6�6
0�0
-0�5
89.2
56�3
46�3
12�1
19�6
18�3
10�0
0�0
3�8
-0�5
0�1
57.1
4.4
53.6

11�9
15�2
6�3
3�5

3�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
8�4
6�9

17�1
9�6
17�2
5�0
4�6
0�0

78.4
68�9
56�2
12�7
1�0
0�9
3�9
0�0
4�5
0�2
16.5
-13�0
-9�7
22�0
18�0
8�5
-0�1
-1�0
92.6
54�7
45�5
12�7
22�0
18�5
12�2
0�0
4�5
-1�0
0�2
61.7
4.6
57.5

11�5
17�6
7�9
3�9

3�8

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
9�0
6�6

14�6
12�2
19�5
6�7
4�4
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

220

2010

67.2
55�4
43�9
11�6
0�8
0�7
3�7
0�0
6�9
0�4
32.1
-2�7
1�8
25�7
22�8
8�9
0�4
-0�1
101.6
55�2
48�5
11�6
26�0
23�2
12�8
0�0
7�3
-0�1
0�4
70.4
5.0
65.2

13�2
20�2
8�9
5�3

4�3

0�0
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�4
10�2
6�5

13�5
17�2
22�0
8�8
3�7
0�0

2015

68.0
53�9
41�6
12�3
1�0
0�9
3�7
0�0
8�9
0�5
28.7
-5�5
-1�0
24�1
26�6
9�9
0�1
0�0
95.7
48�4
40�7
12�3
24�1
26�5
13�8
0�0
9�0
0�0
0�5
65.1
5.6
60.8

10�7
18�6
8�5
5�5

4�6

0�0
0�0
0�7
0�1
0�5
11�0
5�5

14�1
16�6
18�9
7�8
3�3
0�0

2016

66.8
52�3
40�7
11�7
1�1
1�0
3�6
0�0
9�1
0�7
31.0
-5�8
-0�9
25�4
24�7
11�5
-0�2
0�2
100.5
49�5
42�7
11�7
26�6
26�2
14�6
0�0
8�8
0�2
0�7
70.4
5.6
65.0

11�1
20�9
9�2
5�6

4�9

0�1
0�0
0�5
0�1
0�6
11�4
5�7

14�7
18�6
19�8
8�5
3�5
0�0

2017

64.4
49�8
37�7
12�2
1�0
1�0
3�5
0�0
9�1
0�9
40.4
-1�5
3�0
29�8
24�8
12�0
-0�2
0�2
105.1
49�7
41�9
12�2
30�0
25�5
15�4
0�0
8�9
0�2
0�9
74.7
5.9
69.1

11�3
24�1
9�2
5�8

5�0

0�1
0�0
0�6
0�1
0�7
11�7
5�8

15�8
21�4
19�9
8�0
3�9
0�0

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

30.6
28�4
0�0
2�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

32.3
29�8
0�0
2�3
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

33.4
29�9
0�0
2�3
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

37.3
30�0
0�0
2�4
4�9
0�1
0�0
0�0

38.1
29�8
0�0
2�4
5�7
0�2
0�0
0�0

42.8
34�4
0�0
2�4
5�8
0�3
0�0
0�0

145.2 156.6 157.6 164.8 166.6 170.4

135�9
1�9
3�0
0�0
4�3
0�1

141�9
2�8
6�5
0�0
5�4
0�0

136�5
2�9
6�7
0�0
11�5
0�0

8�7
27�7
17�6
277�1

130�5
2�1
8�8
0�0
23�3
0�1

8�6
26�5
16�1
238�6

130�3
2�3
10�4
0�0
23�3
0�2

8�7
27�6
16�6
246�5

131�2
2�0
12�3
0�0
24�6
0�3

9�2
28�4
16�7
253�3

9 135 11 597 15 811 15 281 17 434 20 158
2 012
1 896
1 791
3 654
4 219
3 860
9 817 11 654 13 900
605
457
176
168
429
290

1 824
4 243
9 740
867
170
698

1 750
4 173
5 670
46
34
12

480
5 248
3 404
0
0
0

653
153
500

84�9
55�1

345

364
2 332
2 563
10.7
-29�0
-29�9
99�7
99�1
66�3

88�0
58�5

307

324
2 425
2 751
17.7
-23�8
-21�3
98�4
97�3
69�7

6�9
1�6
2�7
10�2

96�6
66�3

267

281
2 671
3 122
31.6
-5�0
3�7
98�2
98�4
69�3

9�3
6�6
6�6
11�7

90�1
62�3

214

228
2 519
3 363
29.9
-11�4
-2�4
99�5
100�5
72�2

11�7
5�6
13�4
14�5

94�8
66�6

219

233
2 646
3 499
30.8
-11�7
-2�1
95�0
94�5
78�4

11�3
3�9
13�4
14�7

99�1
70�9

218

232
2 767
3 576
38.3
-3�0
7�2
98�6
97�2
77�8

10�9
4�2
13�1
14�5

319�0
396�3

323�4
404�3

334�9
413�1

314�2
392�3

325�0
401�1

339�1
416�3

83�4
10�4

85�1
10�6

87�0
10�9

82�6
10�3

84�5
10�6

87�6
11�0

221

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.22 Portugal

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

3.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
3�8
0�1
22.2
3�9
4�0
16�2
11�7
2�0
0�0
0�1
25.4
3�8
3�8
0�0
15�6
11�8
2�0
0�0
3�8
0�1
0�1
19.5
2.4
17.2

0�4
10�1
0�8
2�4

2�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
3�3
0�1

6�3
6�0
2�8
1�4
0�7
0�0

3.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
3�5
0�1
24.8
3�2
3�2
17�1
13�4
3�9
0�0
0�6
27.4
3�3
3�3
0�0
16�1
13�4
3�8
0�0
3�5
0�6
0�1
20.9
2.6
18.3

0�0
10�1
1�3
2�5

2�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
4�0
0�3

5�8
6�4
3�2
2�2
0�6
0�0

5.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�6
0�2
18.7
1�6
1�6
12�5
11�5
4�5
-0�2
0�2
24.4
1�7
1�7
0�0
12�4
11�6
4�5
0�0
5�5
0�2
0�2
18.9
1.7
17.2

0�1
8�4
1�6
2�5

2�2

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
4�3
0�3

5�5
6�4
3�0
1�9
0�5
0�0

5.3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�2
0�1
18.5
3�2
3�2
11�2
14�4
4�1
-0�2
0�2
23.0
3�3
3�3
0�0
10�4
14�2
4�1
0�0
5�0
0�2
0�2
16.3
1.3
15.0

0�0
6�9
1�6
2�2

1�7

0�1
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
3�9
0�2

4�4
5�6
2�5
2�0
0�4
0�0

6.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�8
0�2
17.5
2�9
2�9
11�0
14�1
4�3
-0�2
-0�4
22.9
2�8
2�8
0�0
10�4
14�3
4�3
0�0
5�6
-0�4
0�2
16.1
1.2
15.0

0�0
6�9
1�6
2�2

1�8

0�1
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
4�0
0�2

4�4
5�7
2�6
1�9
0�4
0�0

5.2
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�1
0�2
19.8
3�4
3�4
11�3
14�6
5�4
-0�2
-0�2
24.0
3�2
3�2
0�0
10�5
14�5
5�4
0�0
4�8
-0�2
0�2
16.4
1.2
15.3

0�0
7�1
1�7
2�2

1�8

0�1
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
4�0
0�2

4�5
5�8
2�6
1�9
0�5
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

222

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

10.9
6�3
0�0
4�5
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

13.4
7�3
0�0
5�0
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

18.9
9�9
0�0
5�1
3�8
0�1
0�0
0�0

19.6
8�0
0�0
6�2
4�9
0�4
0�0
0�0

20.6
8�0
0�0
7�0
5�1
0�5
0�0
0�0

20.9
8�0
0�0
7�2
5�1
0�6
0�0
0�0

43.8

46.6

54.1

52.4

60.3

59.4

14�6
8�4
7�2
0�0
13�3
0�3

15�2
8�8
13�6
0�0
8�6
0�3

5 932
23
2 272
3 523
0
0
0

23�0
18�0

137

156
2 476
3 744
85.3
102�9
103�4
99�4
99�0
100�3

68�4
84�3

6 382
25
1 935
4 286
0
0
0

24�9
19�0

142

161
2 614
4 414
88.6
96�3
96�3
102�3
100�2
103�8

19�5
0�5
27�7
32�1

72�0
88�1

7�1
3�0
14�9
0�0
28�8
0�3

1�3
6�4
11�8
67�2

6 062
32
1 450
4 366
309
0
305

22�6
18�1

126

138
2 305
4 718
75.2
98�3
98�3
97�5
98�8
100�4

24�2
5�5
40�6
33�9

55�8
71�7

14�7
1�3
10�6
0�0
25�5
0�3

1�3
6�5
12�3
59�3

5 199
40
1 099
3 886
328
22
302

21�6
16�0

126

137
2 215
4 416
78.2
98�5
98�5
101�7
100�9
100�4

28�0
7�4
52�6
33�5

55�5
71�1

12�6
1�3
12�6
0�0
33�5
0�3

1�2
6�2
10�4
61�7

5 374
41
1 082
4 040
265
26
237

21�8
16�2

124

135
2 217
4 486
74.0
102�3
102�3
98�7
98�7
98�6

28�4
7�7
54�0
35�1

53�9
69�5

14�7
1�3
18�9
0�0
24�3
0�3

1�2
6�4
10�8
60�0

5 495
48
1 080
4 139
242
3
239

22�8
16�6

126

137
2 327
4 524
79.9
105�6
105�6
100�2
100�4
100�4

28�1
7�9
54�2
34�4

58�7
74�6

138�8
8�2

145�0
8�4

117�9
6�8

117�0
6�9

114�4
6�7

122�8
7�2

223

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.23 Romania

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

28.5
5�6
0�2
5�4
6�4
6�4
11�0
1�4
4�0
0�1
8.0
1�9
1�6
3�5
4�8
2�7
0�0
-0�1
36.8
7�5
1�7
5�5
10�1
11�1
13�7
1�4
4�0
-0�1
0�1
24.1
1.9
21.9

0�3
5�4
6�5
2�7

2�7

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
2�9
3�6

8�6
3�3
8�4
0�7
0�4
0�5

28.0
5�8
0�0
5�8
6�0
5�4
9�7
1�4
5�0
0�1
10.5
2�9
2�1
3�7
8�6
4�2
0�0
-0�2
38.6
8�8
2�0
6�4
9�7
14�0
13�9
1�4
4�9
-0�2
0�1
25.9
2.6
23.6

0�6
6�5
7�2
3�2

3�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
3�3
2�1

9�0
4�2
8�0
1�7
0�2
0�6

27.4
5�9
0�0
5�9
4�3
4�3
8�6
2�9
5�7
0�0
7.4
1�2
0�1
4�5
5�7
1�8
0�1
-0�2
35.0
6�9
0�1
6�2
8�7
10�1
10�8
2�9
5�9
-0�2
0�0
24.8
2.1
22.0

0�5
6�0
6�0
4�0

3�9

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
3�6
1�6

6�5
4�9
8�1
1�9
0�4
0�2

26.4
4�7
0�0
4�7
4�0
4�0
8�8
2�9
5�9
0�1
5.2
1�0
0�1
4�6
6�5
0�2
0�0
-0�6
31.9
5�9
0�1
5�3
8�6
10�4
8�9
2�9
6�0
-0�6
0�1
22.8
1.1
21.6

0�8
6�8
5�3
3�5

3�3

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�1
3�7
1�3

6�4
5�3
7�4
1�8
0�5
0�2

24.8
4�2
0�0
4�2
3�8
3�8
7�8
2�8
6�1
0�1
6.9
1�0
0�1
5�0
7�3
1�2
0�1
-0�4
31.8
5�3
0�1
4�7
8�8
11�3
9�0
2�8
6�2
-0�4
0�1
23.1
1.1
21.9

0�7
7�1
5�2
3�7

3�4

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
3�7
1�3

6�3
5�7
7�4
1�8
0�5
0�3

25.5
4�5
0�0
4�5
3�6
3�6
8�5
2�9
5�8
0�1
7.7
1�0
0�1
5�9
7�6
0�9
0�2
-0�2
33.4
5�4
0�1
4�8
9�6
11�4
9�6
2�9
6�0
-0�2
0�1
24.4
1.1
22.9

0�6
7�6
5�5
3�8

3�4

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�0
0�1
3�8
1�3

6�4
6�1
7�7
1�8
0�5
0�3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

224

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

16.8
10�0
0�7
6�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

19.0
12�0
0�7
6�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

19.9
11�6
1�4
6�5
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0

23.8
11�2
1�4
6�7
3�1
1�3
0�0
0�0

23.6
11�0
1�4
6�7
3�0
1�4
0�0
0�0

23.6
11�1
1�4
6�7
3�0
1�4
0�0
0�0

51.6

59.4

61.0

66.3

65.1

64.3

18�9
3�4
9�0
5�5
14�8
0�0

21�9
1�9
9�8
5�6
20�2
0�0

3 134
0
1 304
1 760
0
0
0

34�9
22�7

422

444
1 637
1 511
21.9
25�5
96�3
34�4
43�5
19�8

3 983
55
1 600
2 304
0
0
0

36�0
24�6

329

353
1 807
1 817
27.2
33�2
103�1
37�5
61�3
30�1

17�2
1�6
26�9
17�9

20�7
0�7
7�3
11�6
20�7
0�0

4�6
6�5
10�8
69�0

4 723
20
1 412
3 180
98
47
51

33�0
22�5

263

279
1 726
2 036
21.2
16�9
88�4
51�8
56�5
16�8

23�1
3�4
30�4
27�2

18�1
0�5
9�5
11�6
26�6
0�0

1�8
5�6
8�4
51�0

5 041
63
1 269
3 676
202
61
141

30�7
21�8

212

220
1 603
2 166
16.4
16�7
96�9
53�4
62�3
1�8

24�8
5�5
43�2
25�9

15�9
0�7
9�8
11�3
27�5
0�0

1�9
5�3
8�1
45�9

5 390
75
1 326
3 961
257
81
176

30�6
22�2

201

209
1 607
2 189
21.6
19�5
115�4
56�5
65�0
13�0

25�0
6�2
42�7
26�9

16�8
0�6
10�7
11�5
24�6
0�0

1�8
5�8
9�0
47�0

5 758
90
1 333
4 285
297
91
206

32�4
23�2

199

206
1 703
2 275
23.1
18�4
102�2
60�6
66�7
9�7

24�5
6�6
41�6
26�6

95�9
143�6

103�0
151�7

84�5
124�4

78�5
117�2

76�7
115�2

76�0
114�8

57�7
6�4

61�0
7�1

50�0
6�1

47�1
5�9

46�3
5�8

46�1
5�8

225

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.24 Slovenia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

3.1
1�1
0�0
1�1
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�2
0�8
0�0
3.4
0�2
0�0
2�5
0�1
0�8
0�0
-0�1
6.4
1�3
0�0
1�2
2�4
0�1
0�8
1�2
0�8
-0�1
0�0
4.7
0.2
4.4

0�1
2�2
0�6
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�9
0�2

1�4
1�2
1�1
0�5
0�1
0�0

3.5
1�2
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�5
0�8
0�0
3.9
0�3
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�0
7.3
1�5
0�0
1�5
2�6
0�0
0�9
1�5
0�8
0�0
0�0
5.2
0.3
4.9

0�1
2�4
0�7
0�4

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�1
0�2

1�6
1�5
1�2
0�5
0�1
0�0

3.7
1�2
0�0
1�2
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
1�1
0�0
3.6
0�3
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�9
0�0
-0�2
7.2
1�5
0�0
1�4
2�6
0�0
0�9
1�3
1�1
-0�2
0�0
5.2
0.2
5.0

0�0
2�4
0�6
0�7

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�0
0�2

1�3
1�8
1�3
0�5
0�1
0�0

3.3
0�9
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
1�0
0�0
3.2
0�2
0�0
2�3
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�0
6.4
1�1
0�0
1�0
2�3
0�0
0�7
1�3
1�1
0�0
0�0
4.8
0.1
4.7

0�0
2�1
0�6
0�6

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�1
0�2

1�2
1�8
1�1
0�5
0�1
0�0

3.4
0�9
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�3
1�1
0�0
3.3
0�2
0�0
2�5
0�0
0�7
0�0
-0�1
6.7
1�1
0�0
1�1
2�4
0�0
0�7
1�3
1�1
-0�1
0�0
5.0
0.1
4.9

0�0
2�3
0�6
0�6

0�6

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�1
0�2

1�2
1�9
1�1
0�5
0�1
0�0

3.5
0�9
0�0
0�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�5
1�0
0�1
3.5
0�2
0�0
2�6
0�0
0�7
0�0
0�0
6.8
1�1
0�0
1�1
2�3
0�0
0�7
1�5
1�1
0�0
0�1
5.0
0.1
4.8

0�0
2�2
0�6
0�6

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
1�2
0�2

1�3
1�8
1�1
0�5
0�1
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

226

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

2.6
1�1
0�7
0�8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

3.0
1�4
0�7
1�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

3.2
1�3
0�7
1�3
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

3.4
1�1
0�7
1�3
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0

3.5
1�3
0�7
1�3
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0

3.6
1�3
0�7
1�3
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0

13.6

15.1

16.4

15.1

16.5

16.3

4�6
0�1
0�3
4�8
3�9
0�0

5�3
0�0
0�3
5�9
3�6
0�0

1 201
0
849
351
0
0
0

1 446
0
689
756
0
0
0

5�3
0�0
0�5
5�7
4�9
0�0

0�3
1�1
6�9
11�6

1 718
5
600
1 111
46
4
41

4�4
0�0
0�4
5�6
4�6
0�0

0�4
1�2
7�7
10�4

1 728
14
437
1 276
29
7
23

5�0
0�0
0�4
5�7
5�3
0�0

0�4
1�2
7�3
10�8

1 847
15
434
1 397
18
4
14

4�8
0�0
0�5
6�3
4�7
0�0

0�4
1�3
7�7
11�1

1 782
15
417
1 349
43
9
35

6�2
4�5

7�0
4�9

7�0
5�0

6�3
4�7

6�5
4�9

6�6
4�9

223

211

193

171

172

166

231
3 244
5 293
52.8
18�8
118�2
101�5
87�2
99�3

15�5
19�1

221
3 667
6 379
52.5
21�0
100�0
101�2
0�0
99�6

16�0
0�8
28�7
18�9

17�0
20�6

200
3 525
5 835
49.5
19�3
135�3
99�2
0�0
99�3

20�4
3�1
32�2
28�1

16�4
19�7

102�4
9�6

110�1
10�3

105�4
9�6

176
3 124
6 199
49.7
19�1
124�2
99�6
0�0
99�6

21�9
2�2
32�7
33�9

13�7
16�9

90�4
8�2

178
3 232
6 310
49.3
17�3
118�2
100�3
0�0
99�4

21�3
1�6
32�1
34�0

14�5
17�7

94�9
8�6

173
3 282
6 549
50.4
17�4
100�7
103�3
0�0
99�0

21�5
2�7
32�4
33�2

14�3
17�5

93�8
8�5

227

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.25 Slovakia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

6.3
1�0
0�0
1�0
0�1
0�1
0�1
4�3
0�5
0�3
11.5
3�4
3�1
2�6
5�3
5�7
0�0
-0�2
17.7
4�3
3�0
1�2
2�9
5�4
5�8
4�3
0�5
-0�2
0�3
11.7
1.4
9.9

0�9
1�7
4�2
0�1

0�1

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
1�9
0�6

3�5
1�4
2�6
2�2
0�2
0�0

6.4
0�6
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�1
4�7
0�9
0�1
12.3
3�7
3�5
3�2
5�3
5�7
0�0
-0�3
18.7
4�2
3�3
0�9
3�3
5�5
5�9
4�7
0�8
-0�3
0�1
11.7
1.3
10.4

0�6
2�1
3�9
0�3

0�3

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
2�0
1�0

3�6
2�4
2�5
1�8
0�2
0�0

6.0
0�6
0�0
0�6
0�0
0�0
0�1
3�9
1�4
0�0
11.4
3�0
2�6
3�4
5�5
5�0
-0�1
0�1
17.7
3�9
2�8
0�8
3�5
5�5
5�0
3�9
1�3
0�1
0�0
11.5
1.1
10.4

0�7
2�3
3�5
0�5

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
2�1
0�9

3�2
2�6
2�3
2�1
0�1
0�0

6.4
0�5
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�1
4�0
1�6
0�2
9.8
2�8
2�5
3�1
5�9
3�7
0�0
0�2
16.3
3�3
2�6
0�7
3�1
6�0
3�9
4�0
1�6
0�2
0�2
10.0
1.0
8.9

0�4
2�1
2�5
0�6

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�2
2�1
0�6

3�3
2�2
2�0
1�3
0�2
0�0

6.2
0�5
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�1
3�9
1�6
0�2
9.9
2�7
2�5
3�4
5�8
3�6
0�0
0�2
16.3
3�2
2�5
0�6
3�3
5�8
3�9
3�9
1�6
0�2
0�2
10.2
1.0
9.2

0�4
2�3
2�6
0�6

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�2
2�1
0�7

3�3
2�4
2�0
1�3
0�1
0�0

6.4
0�4
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�1
4�0
1�6
0�2
11.2
3�0
2�6
3�6
5�5
4�4
0�0
0�3
17.2
3�4
2�6
0�6
3�7
5�6
4�1
4�0
1�6
0�3
0�2
11.0
1.1
9.9

0�4
2�6
2�7
0�6

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�2
2�2
0�7

3�5
2�8
2�1
1�4
0�1
0�0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

228

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

7.5
2�4
2�6
2�4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

8.3
3�1
2�6
2�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

7.9
3�5
1�8
2�5
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

7.8
2�8
1�9
2�5
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0

7.7
2�7
1�9
2�5
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0

7.7
2�6
1�9
2�5
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0

31.2

31.4

27.8

26.8

26.9

27.6

5�6
0�2
3�9
16�5
5�0
0�0

5�5
0�7
2�6
17�7
4�8
0�0

1 347
0
605
742
0
0
0

16�4
11�0

390

423
3 284
4 077
65.1
80�2
103�8
92�5
97�6
98�8

41�3
49�2

67�1
9�1

1 694
1
667
1 014
11
0
11

17�4
11�6

325

349
3 480
4 253
66.0
88�3
105�2
97�3
97�7
97�5

6�4
1�6
15�7
5�0

43�0
51�3

69�8
9�5

3�6
0�6
2�7
14�6
6�3
0�0

2�8
4�4
15�9
20�1

2 055
2
600
1 453
98
24
74

16�7
11�5

247

262
3 286
4 477
64.4
75�7
91�9
98�4
99�9
99�9

9�1
5�3
17�8
7�9

38�6
46�4

63�2
8�6

2�8
0�4
2�1
15�1
6�3
0�0

3�7
21�1
78�5
27�3

1 881
37
577
1 267
144
23
121

15�2
10�1

198

212
3 000
4 495
60.1
84�5
97�5
100�6
99�3
95�1

12�9
8�5
22�7
10�8

34�6
41�8

56�9
7�7

2�8
0�5
2�0
14�8
6�9
0�0

1�0
3�0
11�1
34�4

2 091
36
609
1 446
145
16
129

15�4
10�4

194

207
3 012
4 605
60.6
83�3
97�2
102�0
100�7
92�8

12�0
7�7
22�5
9�9

35�0
42�3

57�6
7�8

3�0
0�4
2�2
15�1
6�8
0�0

1�7
3�5
12�5
36�9

2 422
34
609
1 779
149
20
130

16�1
11�1

198

211
3 173
4 747
64.8
87�8
100�1
97�5
99�5
105�6

11�5
7�0
21�3
9�8

36�2
43�5

59�2
8�0

229

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.26 Finland

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

14.8
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
5�8
7�8
0�1
18.6
3�5
3�2
10�6
11�9
3�4
0�0
1�0
32.7
3�6
3�3
0�0
9�5
11�7
3�4
5�8
7�8
1�0
0�1
23.7
1.0
23.3

0�3
7�2
0�9
4�5

4�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
6�5
3�3

11�5
3�9
4�5
2�3
0�8
0�3

16.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
6�0
8�2
0�1
19.3
3�3
3�0
10�9
10�8
3�6
-0�1
1�5
34.7
3�3
2�9
0�0
10�5
11�1
3�6
6�0
8�1
1�5
0�1
25.3
1.2
24.0

0�3
7�4
0�8
4�2

4�2

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
6�9
3�8

11�1
4�2
5�0
2�6
0�8
0�3

17.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
5�6
9�4
0�1
18.1
4�0
3�7
9�5
11�4
3�8
-0�1
0�9
36.7
4�6
4�3
0�0
10�0
11�3
3�8
5�6
9�4
0�9
0�1
26.4
1.2
25.1

0�2
6�9
0�8
4�9

4�7

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
7�2
4�6

10�7
4�3
5�9
3�1
0�8
0�3

17.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�6
10�4
0�2
15.8
2�5
2�3
9�6
11�1
2�2
0�1
1�4
32.5
2�7
2�5
0�0
8�4
10�7
2�2
5�6
10�5
1�4
0�2
24.3
1.3
23.1

0�1
6�0
0�6
5�4

4�9

0�0
0�0
0�5
0�0
0�0
6�7
3�8

10�2
4�1
5�0
2�7
0�7
0�3

17.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�6
10�5
0�3
15.7
2�7
2�6
9�2
12�4
2�1
0�1
1�6
33.8
3�2
3�1
0�0
9�1
12�4
2�1
5�6
10�6
1�6
0�3
25.2
1.5
24.0

0�1
6�4
0�6
5�4

5�2

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�1
7�0
4�1

10�5
4�2
5�3
2�9
0�8
0�3

18.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
5�4
11�7
0�3
15.1
2�6
2�5
8�7
12�7
1�9
0�1
1�8
33.9
2�8
2�8
0�0
8�7
12�8
1�9
5�4
11�8
1�8
0�3
25.8
1.4
24.6

0�1
6�1
0�6
6�4

5�4

0�0
0�0
0�4
0�0
0�1
7�0
4�0

10�7
4�2
5�8
3�0
0�7
0�2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

230

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

16.3
10�7
2�6
2�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

16.5
10�7
2�7
3�0
0�1
0�0
0�0
0�0

15.6
9�5
2�7
3�2
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0

16.6
9�6
2�8
3�2
1�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

16.3
8�7
2�8
3�2
1�6
0�0
0�0
0�0

17.2
9�0
2�8
3�3
2�0
0�1
0�0
0�0

69.8

70.3

80.4

68.3

68.5

67.1

12�5
0�6
10�8
22�5
23�4
0�1

11�0
0�5
11�9
23�3
23�5
0�2

3 872
0
1 748
1 947
0
0
0

31�6
24�4

200

4 147
0
1 835
2 167
0
0
0

33�6
25�2

187

20�8
0�5
11�8
22�8
24�2
0�2

6�2
29�2
36�2
272�8

4 086
0
1 531
2 435
140
78
63

35�5
26�3

190

8�2
0�2
5�8
23�2
30�5
0�4

5�8
21�7
31�7
242�4

3 540
0
1 361
2 107
498
66
432

31�2
24�2

166

9�9
0�2
4�4
23�2
30�4
0�4

5�9
21�8
31�8
241�6

3 931
0
1 355
2 504
177
68
110

32�3
25�2

168

8�6
0�2
3�9
22�5
31�5
0�5

6�5
21�7
32�1
246�5

3 728
0
1 302
2 351
391
81
310

31�9
25�3

161

177
6 159

175
5 936

197
6 863

196
6 629

211
6 315

173
6 163
14 636 15 420 15 603 14 341 14 731 14 726
44.0
91�6
90�3
96�4
98�9
99�1

48.9
86�3
85�5
92�3
101�1
100�0

48.2
92�4
89�8
109�6
104�2
100�0

55.6
97�6
97�7
104�1
101�5
100�0

46.0
85�7
83�4
97�6
100�5
100�0

54.7
102�0
102�6
99�1
97�5
100�0

28�8
0�9
26�9
39�1

58�4
71�2

32�4
4�4
27�7
44�2

65�8
77�4

98�5
13�6

107�0
14�5

39�3
24�8
32�5
52�6

46�1
57�2

79�0
10�4

39�0
9�0
32�9
53�7

49�3
60�1

83�1
10�9

58�2
71�3

98�6
13�8

41�0
18�8
35�2
54�8

46�9
57�5

79�5
10�4

231

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.27 Sweden

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

30.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
14�8
14�7
0�3
19.3
2�3
2�1
15�7
20�8
0�8
0�0
0�4
47.7
2�2
2�0
0�0
14�2
20�7
0�8
14�8
14�7
0�4
0�3
34.9
1.7
33.7

0�5
12�6
0�4
5�3

5�3

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
11�1
3�6

13�7
7�5
7�3
4�4
0�8
0�0

34.1
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
18�7
14�7
0�5
20.3
2�5
2�2
17�4
20�2
0�8
0�1
-0�6
51.7
2�3
2�1
0�0
14�8
20�1
0�8
18�7
14�9
-0�6
0�5
33.7
2.3
32.1

0�4
10�8
0�5
4�7

4�6

0�0
0�0
0�2
0�0
0�0
11�2
4�2

11�8
8�0
7�3
4�3
0�8
0�0

32.0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
14�5
16�8
0�5
19.9
2�4
2�3
15�5
20�0
1�5
0�2
0�2
50.7
2�1
2�0
0�0
14�6
20�2
1�5
14�5
17�0
0�2
0�5
35.3
2.1
32.5

0�4
9�3
0�6
5�6

5�2

0�0
0�0
0�3
0�1
0�0
11�3
5�1

11�4
7�8
8�0
4�6
0�7
0�0

35.9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
15�5
19�7
0�6
14.7
1�9
1�9
13�0
20�3
0�7
0�9
-1�9
48.3
2�0
1�9
0�0
10�7
20�1
0�7
15�5
20�5
-1�9
0�6
32.3
1.8
31.2

0�4
7�8
0�6
7�4

5�4

0�0
0�0
0�8
0�1
0�0
10�7
4�2

10�9
7�7
7�2
4�0
0�4
1�1

35.4
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
15�7
18�9
0�7
17.0
2�2
2�2
13�9
19�8
0�8
1�0
-1�0
50.7
1�9
1�8
0�0
12�5
19�8
0�8
15�7
19�9
-1�0
0�8
34.5
2.2
32.2

0�4
8�0
0�5
7�8

5�4

0�0
0�0
1�0
0�1
0�0
11�0
4�4

10�8
8�0
7�5
4�3
0�3
1�3

36.6
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0
16�4
19�4
0�7
14.0
1�9
1�9
11�3
19�2
0�9
1�4
-1�6
50.5
1�9
1�8
0�0
11�0
19�7
0�9
16�4
20�9
-1�6
0�8
34.0
2.4
32.4

0�4
7�7
0�5
8�2

5�3

0�0
0�0
1�5
0�1
0�0
10�9
4�4

10�8
8�4
7�5
4�1
0�3
1�3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

232

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

33.7
7�5
9�5
16�5
0�2
0�0
0�0
0�0

33.4
7�1
9�5
16�3
0�5
0�0
0�0
0�0

36.5
8�7
9�0
16�7
2�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

39.7
7�8
9�7
16�3
5�8
0�1
0�0
0�0

40.3
7�5
9�8
16�5
6�4
0�2
0�0
0�0

39.8
7�4
9�0
16�5
6�6
0�2
0�0
0�0

145.3 158.4 148.5 162.1 156.0 164.3

1�7
1�5
1�3
57�3
83�2
0�2

1�2
1�4
1�3
72�4
81�3
0�9

7 168
0
4 208
2 677
0
0
0

46�0
35�0

153

7 544
0
4 086
3 161
151
146
5

49�4
33�7

145

1�8
1�8
3�8
57�8
82�2
1�2

5�1
18�5
12�5
187�2

7 239
0
3 276
3 661
336
204
131

48�6
34�0

132

0�6
0�3
1�1
56�3
102�6
1�2

4�9
13�7
8�4
151�3

6 547
0
2 534
3 857
779
139
640

45�1
31�5

110

0�5
0�4
1�2
63�1
89�2
1�6

3�9
9�2
5�9
91�1

6 655
0
2 530
3 939
976
109
867

46�9
32�4

111

0�5
0�3
1�0
65�7
95�1
1�7

3�0
9�0
5�5
92�0

6 497
0
2 425
3 885
1 520
99
1 421

46�5
32�6

108

125
5 143

122
4 956

143
5 429

157
5 735

164
5 384

123
5 049
14 526 14 504 14 048 12 810 12 942 12 732
26.6
101�3
105�3
84�5
97�2
102�1

32.3
115�7
116�8
96�2
100�0
100�0

37.8
113�7
115�2
93�7
99�0
100�0

29.3
97�4
99�6
103�5
100�7
100�0

39.3
105�4
107�7
100�8
100�6
100�0

37.9
105�9
104�3
103�9
100�4
100�0

40�5
6�2
50�9
51�8

55�7
68�6

94�3
7�6

47�2
9�2
56�0
60�9

55�0
66�4

91�4
7�1

53�6
25�1
65�8
68�6

45�2
55�7

76�6
5�7

53�8
31�1
64�9
68�5

45�1
55�5

76�4
5�6

56�6
70�4

96�9
7�9

54�5
32�1
65�9
69�1

44�8
55�5

76�3
5�5

233

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20195.28 United Kingdom

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated

Production
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude Oil

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes, Non-Renewable
Net Imports
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products

of which Crude Oil and NGL

Natural gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Gross Inland Consumption
Solid Fossil Fuels

of which Hard Coal
of which Brown Coal
Oil and Petroleum Products
of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Electricity
Waste, Non-Renewable
Available for Final Consumption
Final Non-Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
by Fuel/Product

Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Renewables and Biofuels
Solid Biofuels and  
Renewable Waste
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Liquid Biofuels
Biogases

Waste, Non-Renewable
Electricity
Heat
by Sector

Industry
Transport
Residential
Services
Agriculture and Fishing
Others

2000

272.3
18�7
18�7
0�0
131�7
131�6
97�6
21�9
2�3
0�2
-40.3
14�5
14�4
-46�7
-43�0
-9�3
0�0
1�2
233.3
36�5
36�6
0�0
83�7
89�8
87�4
21�9
2�3
1�2
0�2
150.3
11.3
139.6

3�7
52�8
51�4
0�6

0�5

0�0
0�0
0�0
0�1
0�0
28�3
2�4

33�9
42�2
43�1
16�9
1�2
2�4

2005

205.5
12�1
12�1
0�0
88�8
88�5
79�4
21�1
3�5
0�7
31.7
27�3
26�7
-2�7
-0�2
6�0
0�4
0�7
234.8
37�7
37�3
0�0
85�3
88�1
85�5
21�1
3�9
0�7
0�7
148.7
11.4
137.7

2�5
53�4
49�8
0�6

0�4

0�0
0�0
0�1
0�1
0�1
30�0
1�3

30�5
43�3
44�2
16�8
0�9
2�0

2010

146.4
10�9
10�9
0�0
65�4
65�4
49�8
13�9
5�8
0�5
62.6
16�0
16�3
10�9
9�6
33�9
1�6
0�2
213.0
31�9
32�3
0�0
74�3
75�3
84�8
13�9
7�4
0�2
0�5
139.2
7.9
130.1

2�4
48�6
46�5
2�8

1�6

0�0
0�0
1�2
0�1
0�1
28�3
1�3

25�6
40�4
45�5
16�5
1�0
1�0

2015

116.4
5�1
5�1
0�0
47�0
47�0
35�0
15�5
12�8
1�0
72.8
14�6
13�9
27�0
14�0
26�5
2�9
1�8
191.5
24�7
23�9
0�0
71�0
61�0
61�9
15�5
15�7
1�8
1�0
128.6
7.4
120.1

2�3
47�8
37�7
4�7

2�5

0�1
0�0
0�9
0�1
0�1
26�1
1�3

22�9
40�9
37�3
16�9
1�2
1�0

2016

118.0
2�5
2�5
0�0
49�3
49�3
35�9
15�4
13�6
1�3
68.2
6�1
5�2
25�4
9�5
32�3
2�9
1�5
188.6
12�3
11�6
0�0
71�9
58�8
69�5
15�4
16�5
1�5
1�3
130.8
7.5
122.6

1�9
48�8
39�0
5�3

2�8

0�1
0�0
0�9
0�3
0�1
26�1
1�3

22�5
41�8
38�5
17�5
1�3
1�1

2017

118.1
1�8
1�8
0�0
48�3
48�3
36�0
15�1
15�6
1�2
66.4
5�9
5�2
25�8
10�3
30�9
2�6
1�3
185.5
9�9
9�2
0�0
71�9
59�0
67�8
15�1
18�2
1�3
1�2
129.0
7.5
121.2

1�7
48�8
37�9
5�4

3�0

0�1
0�0
0�9
0�3
0�1
25�9
1�3

22�7
41�9
37�1
17�1
1�4
1�1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendices

234

PART 5 Country ProfilesInstalled Electricity Capacity (GW)
Combustible Fuels
Nuclear
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Gross Electricity Generation,  
by Fuel (TWh)
Solid Fossil Fuels, Peat & Products, Oil Shale
Oil and Petroleum Products
Natural Gas 
Nuclear
Renewables and Biofuels
Wastes non-RES
Cogeneration Heat and Power
CHP Electrical Capacity (GW)
CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)
CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)
CHP Heat Production (PJ)
Transport Fuels (ktoe)
Final Consumption Petroleum Products

of which LPG
of which Motor Gasoline
of which Gas/Diesel Oil
Final Consumption Biofuels

Pure and Blended Biogasoline
Pure and Blended Biodiesel

Main Energy Indicators
Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Final Energy Consumption 2020-2030
Primary Energy Intensity 2020-2030  
(toe/M€'10)
Energy Intensity GAE/GDP2010 (toe/M€'10)
Energy per Capita - GIC/pop (kgoe/cap)
Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap)
Import Dependency (%)
of Solid Fossil Fuels
of Hard Coal
of Oil and Petroleum Products
of Crude and NGL
of Natural Gas

Renewable in Gross Final Energy (%)
Overall RES (with aviation cap)
RE-T – Transport
RES-E – Electricity Generation
RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling
Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2)
CO2 Emissions – National total*
GHG Emissions – National total*
Main Emissions Indicators
GHG National Total Emissions/index 1990
Total GHG per Capita (t CO2 eq�/cap)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2016

2017

78.4
61�2
12�5
4�3
0�4
0�0
0�0
0�0

82.4
64�7
11�9
4�3
1�6
0�0
0�0
0�0

93.7
72�9
10�9
4�4
5�4
0�1
0�0
0�0

96.2
58�3
9�5
4�5
14�3
9�6
0�0
0�0

97.5 103.5
56�9
55�4
9�4
9�5
4�6
4�6
19�8
16�2
12�8
11�9
0�0
0�0
0�0
0�0

377.1 398.4 382.1 338.9 339.3 338.3

120�0
8�4
150�4
85�1
12�7
0�5

134�6
5�3
154�3
81�6
19�9
2�6

107�6
4�8
176�8
62�1
29�3
1�4

6�1
23�6
6�2
155�5

75�9
2�0
101�0
70�3
86�1
3�6

5�9
19�4
5�7
124�2

30�7
1�9
144�1
71�7
86�1
4�8

4�6
19�8
5�8
129�8

22�5
1�6
137�5
70�3
102�2
4�2

4�5
21�6
6�4
139�8

25

90

135

116

41 468 42 839 38 924 39 559 40 428 40 496
74
22 858 19 975 15 598 12 926 12 784 12 553
17 795 21 547 22 392 25 710 26 730 27 004
934
383
551

1 151
321
830

946
386
560

933
404
529

69
43
26

0
0
0

78

222�0
153�3

223�5
153�0

205�1
143�1

183�0
132�6

179�8
134�4

176�8
133�3

141

123

111

89

86

83

149
3 968
5 604
-17.1
39�6
39�4
-54�4
-47�9
-10�7

131
3 902
5 794
13.4
72�3
71�6
-3�1
-0�2
7�0

1�3
0�5
4�1
0�8

117
3 408
5 263
29.0
50�3
50�5
14�1
12�8
40�0

3�7
3�3
7�5
2�6

95
2 953
4 681
37.5
59�2
58�0
36�7
22�9
42�8

8�4
4�5
22�3
6�1

92
2 884
4 648
35.7
49�2
45�0
34�0
16�2
46�5

9�2
5�0
24�6
7�0

88
2 817
4 567
35.3
59�2
56�1
34�7
17�4
45�5

10�2
5�1
28�1
7�5

594�5
741�9

601�9
726�2

540�9
642�1

453�0
541�5

430�8
517�0

419�5
505�4

91�6
12�6

89�7
12�1

79�3
10�3

66�9
8�3

63�8
7�9

62�4
7�7

235

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport.  EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019S TAT I S T I C A L  P O C K E T B O O K   2019

Appendices

%

€

#6Appendices

AppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesSummary

Appendices Methodology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 240
Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 240

Appendix 2 – Main Energy Flows in Eurostat Energy Balances – EN � � � � � � � 241

Appendix 3 – Main Energy Products in Eurostat Energy Balances – EN � � � 242

Appendix 4 – Symbols and Abbreviations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 244

Appendix 5 – Conversion Factors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245

Appendix 6 – Average Calorific Values � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 246

Appendix Glossary  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247
Appendix 7 – Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247

Appendix Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 258
Appendix 8 – Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 258

Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 263

239

Appendices

AppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesAppendicesEU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Appendices Methodology

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature

l

a
n
o
i
t
u
t
i
t
s
n
i
r
e
t
n
I

)
G
S
I
(

i

e
d
u
G
e
l
y
t
S

e
d
o
C

y
r
t
n
u
o
C

e
m
a
N
t
r
o
h
S
G
S
I

N
E

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechia
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Croatia
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom

,

e
m
a
N
t
r
o
h
S
G
S
I

*
e
g
a
u
g
n
a
L

e
c
r
u
o
S

Belgique/België
Bulgaria*
Česko
Danmark
Deutschland
Eesti
Éire/Ireland
Elláda*
España
France
Hrvatska
Italia
Kýpros*
Latvija
Lietuva
Luxembourg
Magyarország
Malta
Nederland
Österreich
Polska
Portugal
România
Slovenija
Slovensko
Suomi/Finland
Sverige
United Kingdom

l
o
c
o
t
o
r
P
G
S
I

r
e
d
r
O

s
e
d
o
C

2
-
a
h
p
l
A

y
r
t
n
u
o
C

6
6
1
3
O
S
I

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
 20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
GR
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
GB

* Latin translitteration�

Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG): http://publications�europa�eu/code/ 
Eurostat Website: http://ec�europa�eu/eurostat/  
ISO 3166 Country Codes Maintenance Agency: https://www�iso�org/iso-3166-country-codes�html

240

Appendices 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Appendix 2 – Main Energy Flows in Eurostat 

Energy Balances – EN

ESTAT Energy Database – EN

Code
PPRD
RCV_RCY
IMP
EXP
STK_CHG
NRGSUP
INTMARB
GIC
INTAVI
GAE
INTMARB
TI_E
TO
NRG_E
DL
AFC
FC_NE
FC_E
FC_IND_E

FC_IND_IS_E
FC_IND_CPC_E
FC_IND_NFM_E
FC_IND_NMM_E
FC_IND_TE_E
FC_IND_MAC_E
FC_IND_MQ_E
FC_IND_FBT_E
FC_IND_PPP_E
FC_IND_WP_E
FC_IND_CON_E
FC_IND_TL_E
FC_IND_NSP_E

FC_TRA_E

FC_TRA_RAIL_E
FC_TRA_ROAD_E
FC_TRA_DAVI_E
FC_TRA_DNAVI_E
FC_TRA_PIPE_E
FC_TRA_NSP_E

Dissemination Label
Primary production
Recovered and recycled products
Imports
Exports
Change in stock
Total energy supply
International maritime bunkers
Gross inland consumption 
International aviation
Gross available energy
International maritime bunkers
Transformation input
Transformation output
Energy sector
Distribution losses
Available for final consumption
Final non-energy consumption
Final energy consumption
Final energy consumption – Industry 

Iron and steel
Chemical and petrochemical
Non-ferrous metals
Non-metallic minerals
Transport equipment
Machinery
Mining and quarrying
Food, beverages and tobacco
Paper, pulp and printing
Wood and wood products
Construction
Textile and leather
Not elsewhere specified (industry)

Transport
Rail
Road
Domestic aviation
Domestic navigation
Pipeline transport
Not elsewhere specified (transport)

FC_OTH_E

Other

FC_OTH_CP_E
FC_OTH_HH_E
FC_OTH_AF_E
FC_OTH_FISH_E
FC_OTH_NSP_E

Commercial and public services
Households
Agriculture and forestry
Fishing
Not elsewhere specified (other)

STATDIFF

Statistical differences

Source: Energy Balance Guide: https://ec�europa�eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances

241

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Appendix 3 – Main Energy Products in Eurostat 
Energy Balances – EN

ESTAT Energy Database – EN

Dissemination label
Solid fossil fuels
Anthracite
Coking coal
Other bituminous coal
Sub-bituminous coal
Lignite
Patent fuels
Coke oven coke
Gas coke
Coal tar
Brown coal briquettes

Manufactured gases
Gas works gas
Coke oven gas
Blast furnace gas
Other recovered gases
Peat and peat products

Peat
Peat products

Oil shale and oil sands
Oil and petroleum products

Crude oil
Natural gas liquids
Refinery feedstocks
Additives and oxygenates (excluding biofuel portion)
Other hydrocarbons
Refinery gas
Ethane
Liquefied petroleum gas
Motor gasoline (excluding biofuel portion)
Aviation gasoline
Gasoline-type jet fuel
Kerosene-type jet fuel (excluding biofuel portion)
Other kerosene
Naphtha
Gas oil and diesel oil (excluding biofuel portion)
Fuel oil
White spirit and special boiling point industrial spirits
Lubricants
Bitumen
Petroleum coke
Paraffin waxes
Other oil products n�e�c�

Code
C0000X0350-0370

C0110
C0121
C0129
C0210
C0220
C0320
C0311
C0312
C0340
C0330
C0350-0370
C0360
C0350
C0371
C0379

P1000

P1100
P1200

S2000
O4000XBIO

O4100_TOT
O4200
O4300
O4400X4410
O4500
O4610
O4620
O4630
O4652XR5210B
O4651
O4653
O4661XR5230B
O4669
O4640
O4671XR5220B
O4680
O4691
O4692
O4695
O4694
O4693
O4699

242

AppendicesCode
G3000
RA000

RA100
RA500
RA300
RA420
RA410
RA200
R5110-5150_W6000RI
R5160
R5300
W6210
R5210P
R5210B
R5220P
R5220B
R5230P
R5230B
R5290
RA600

Dissemination label
Natural gas
Renewables and biofuels

Hydro power
Tide, wave and ocean
Wind power
Solar photovoltaic
Solar thermal
Geothermal
Primary solid biofuels
Charcoal
Biogases
Renewable municipal waste
Pure biogasoline
Blended biogasoline
Pure biodiesels
Blended biodiesels
Pure bio jet kerosene
Blended bio jet kerosene
Other liquid biofuels
Ambient heat (heat pumps)

W6100_6220

Non-renewable waste

W6100
W6220

N900H
H8000
E7000

Industrial waste (non-renewable)
Non-renewable municipal waste

Nuclear heat
Heat
Electricity

Source: Energy Balance Guide https://ec�europa�eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances

243

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Appendix 4 – Symbols and Abbreviations
%
€ 
0
bbl
bcm
Blank
CHP
CO2
DG
EEA
equiv�
ESTAT 
GCV
GDP
GHG
GJ 
IEA
k
kgoe
ktoe
kton
kWh
LPG

per cent
euro
zero or figure less than half of the unit represented
barrel
billion cubic meters
data not available
combined heat and power
carbon dioxide
Directorate-General of the European Commission
European Environment Agency
equivalent
Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Union
gross calorific value
gross domestic product
greenhouse gas
gigajoule
International Energy Agency
thousand
kilogram of oil equivalent
kiloton of oil equivalent
kiloton
kilowatt hour
liquefied petroleum gas
millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2010,  
at 2010 exchange rates
cubic meter
million
European Union Member State
municipal solid waste
million ton of oil equivalent
megawatt
megawatt hour
net calorific value
natural gas liquid
per capita
petajoule
photovoltaic
renewable energy
renewable energy – electricity generation
renewable energy – heating and cooling
renewable energy – transport
International System of Units
terajoule
ton of oil equivalent
metric ton, metric tonne, mt
Total Primary Energy Supply
terawatt hour
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
value added tax

M€ '2010 

m3
Mio
MS
MSW
Mtoe
MW
MWh
NCV
NGL
p/cap
PJ
PV
RES
RES-E
RES-H&C
RES-T
SI Units
TJ
toe
ton 
TPES
TWh
UNFCCC
VAT

244

AppendicesAppendix 5 – Conversion Factors

ENERGY

TO:

TJ

Mtoe

GWh

Multiply by

: Terajoule (TJ)
M
O
R
F

Gigawatt-hour (GWh)

Million ton of oil equivalent (Mtoe)

1

1/41 868

/3�6

X 41 868

1

X 11 630

X 3�6

/11 630

1

VOLUME

TO:

l

bbl

gal US

gal UK

Multiply by

:

M
O
R
F

Litre (l)

Barrel (bbl)

U.S. gallon (gal US)

U.K. gallon (gal UK)

1

0�6290 x 10 -2

0�2642

158�99

3�7854

4�5461

1

0�2381 x 10 -1

42

1

0�2859 x 10 -1

1�2009

MASS

TO:

t

lt

0�2200

34�9723

0�8327

1

st

: Ton, Tonne (t)
M
O
R
F

Long ton (lt) UK

Short ton (st) US

Multiply by

1

1�0160

0�9072

0�9842

1

0�8929

1�1023

1�1200

1

245

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019 
 
 
 
Appendix 6 – Average Calorific Values*

Product
Anthracite
Coking coal
Other bituminous coal
Sub-bituminous coal
Lignite
Patent fuels
Coke oven coke
Gas coke
Coal tar
Brown coal briquettes**
Peat
Peat products*
Oil shale and oil sands
Crude oil
Natural gas liquids
Refinery feedstocks
Additives and oxygenates**
Other hydrocarbons (w/o bio)**
Refinery gas
Ethane
Liquefied petroleum gases
Motor gasoline (w/o bio)
Aviation gasoline**
Gasoline-type jet fuel**
Kerosene-type jet fuel**
Other kerosene
Naphtha
Gas oil and diesel oil (w/o bio)
(Residual) Fuel oil
White spirit and SPB
Lubricants
Bitumen
Petroleum coke
Paraffin waxes
Other oil products
Charcoal
Pure biogasoline
Blended biogasoline
Pure biodiesels
Blended biodiesels
Pure bio jet kerosene**
Blended bio jet kerosene**
Other liquid biofuels

Net calorific value (TJ/kt)
26�7
28�2
25�8
18�9
11�9
20�7
28�2
28�2
28�0
19�0
9�76
16�0
8�9
42�3
44�2
43�0
42�5
42�5
49�5
46�4
47�3
44�3
44�3
44�3
44�1
43�8
44�5
43�0
40�4
40�2
40�2
40�2
32�5
40�2
40�2
29�5
27�0
27�0
27�0
27�0
44�0
44�0
27�4

*  If no calorific values are provided by a reporting country, Eurostat uses the net calorific values en-

acted in Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse 
gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council�

** Eurostat estimates for products not covered by the Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012� 

These estimates take into account the Commission Decision 2007/589/EC establishing guidelines 
for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC  
of the European Parliament and of the Council�

246

AppendicesAppendix Glossary

Appendix 7 – Glossary

In  parenthesis  are  the  codes  for  energy  products  and  energy  flows  and 
indicators  from  the  EUROSTAT  Energy  database/EUROBASE  as  of  June 
2019.  More  extensive  explanations  is  available  on  Eurostat  website  at: 
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances

ALL FUELS

‘All fuel’ (WHICH corresponds to the code ‘Total’), covers all energy prod-
ucts. These consist of solid fossil fuels (including hard coal and derivatives, 
brown coal and derivatives, peat and derivatives, oil shale and oil sands, oil 
and petroleum products (such as LPG, refinery gas, motor spirit, kerosene, 
gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil), natural gas, manufactured gases, renew-
able  and  biofuels  (such  as  hydro  power,  wind  energy,  biomass,  wastes, 
geothermal energy, ambient heat for heat pumps), electrical energy, heat 
energy and nuclear heat.

AMBIENT HEAT (HEAT PUMPS)

It is the ambient heat (RA600) captured by heat pumps as a fuel. It is included 
at the renewable energy category and can either be used to produced heat 
for  sale  (input  in  transformation  for  heat  production)  or  used  directly  by 
end-users (final energy consumption). The ambient heat captured by heat 
pumps is included in Eurostat’s energy balances as of January 2019 edition.

ANNUAL INSTALLED CAPACITY

Annual installed or new installed capacity of a given source refers to the 
capacity entering in operation, during a year period.

AUTOPRODUCER: ELECTRICITY AND HEAT GENERATION

Autoproducers are plants which generate electricity and/or heat for their 
own use.

AVAILABLE FOR FINAL CONSUMPTION (ENERGY)

Energy  available  for  final  consumption  covers  the  energy  placed  at  the 
disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: total energy sup-
ply (NRGSUP) + transformation output (TO) - transformation input (TI_E) 
- consumption of the energy sector (NRG_E) - distribution losses (DL).

BIOFUELS

Biofuels are fuels derived directly or indirectly from biomass. Biofuels used 
for non-energy purposes are excluded from the scope of energy statistics. 
Biofuels  can  be  split  up  into  three  categories:  Solid  biofuels,  liquid  bio-
fuels and biogases. Liquid or gaseous fuels used primarily for transport, 
produced from biomass and renewable waste. The liquid biofuels groups 
pure biogasoline (R5210P), blended biogasoline (R5210B), pure biodiesel 

247

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019(R5220P),  blended  biodiesel  (R5220B),  pure  bio  jet  kerosene  (R5230P), 
blended bio jet kerosene (R5230B) and other liquid biofuels (R5290).

BIOFUELS AND RES WASTE

Biofuels  and  RES  municipal  wastes  (W6210),  covers  organic,  non-fossil 
material  of  biological  origin,  which  may  be  used  for  heat  production  or 
electricity generation. They comprise primary solid biofuels such as wood 
and  wood  waste  (R5110-5150_W6000RI),  biogases  (R5300),  renewable 
municipal  waste  (W6210),  charcoal  (R5160)  and  biofuels  such  as:  pure 
gasoline  (R5210P),  blended  gasoline  (R5210B),  pure  biodiesel  (R5220P), 
blended biodiesel (R5220B), pure bio jet kerosene (R5230P), blended bio 
jet kerosene (R5230B) and other liquid biofuels (R5290). 
The  non-renewable  part  of  municipal  waste  (W6220)  and  the  industrial 
waste (W6100) are included in non-renewable waste (W6100_6220).

CAPACITY FACTOR – ANNUAL AVERAGE

It is a measure of efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of actual energy 
output  of  a  source  against  its  annual  maximum  potential  output,  or  in 
other words, to the energy it would produce if operated at full rated power 
for 8000 hours a year (i.e. 24 hours per day for about 11 months, assum-
ing one month per year for annual maintenance). It is equal to the total 
annual energy production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to 
average statistical year base.

CHP – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER

A combined heat and power unit is an installation in which energy released 
from fuel combustion is partly used for generating electrical energy and 
partly for supplying heat for various purposes.
The definition of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or ‘cogeneration’ implies 
that heat and electricity are produced simultaneously in one process. 

CONVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER

It is a technology for the production of electricity by fuel combustion. It will in-
clude biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity.
Thermal power stations cover conventional public utility power stations for 
the production of electricity and heat, as well as in auto-producer power 
stations for the generation of electricity and heat sold to third parties only.

CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY 

This represents the running sum for consecutive periods of a given installed 
source. It indicates the total capacity availability in each of those periods.

ELECTRICITY MIX

The electricity mix is the proportion of different sources in electricity pro-
duction. While energy mix is measured at gross inland consumption level, 
electricity mix is measured at energy transformation into electricity level 
(i.e. in gross electricity generation). 

248

AppendicesENERGY AVAILABLE FOR FINAL CONSUMPTION

Energy  available  for  final  consumption,  [AFC],  covers  the  energy  placed 
at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: total en-
ergy supply [NGSUP] + transformation output [TO] - transformation input 
[TI] - consumption of the energy sector [NRG_E] - distribution losses [DL]. 
It includes final non-energy consumption [FC_NE] and Final energy con-
sumption [FC_E].

ENERGY IMPORT DEPENDENCY

Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon im-
ports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the following 
formula: net imports (as imports – exports, i.e. [IMP]-[EXP])/(gross inland 
consumption [GIC] +international maritime bunkers [INTMARB]).

ENERGY INTENSITY

Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy 
is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of Gross 
available energy [GAE] to Gross Domestic Product [GDP]. 

ENERGY MIX

The energy mix is the proportion of main sources in gross inland consump-
tion (excluding electricity and heat).

ENERGY SECTOR BROAD DEFINITION

It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector as 
well as the energy commodities production activities, mining and extrac-
tion, support activities and manufacture of energy products.

ENERGY SECTOR NARROW DEFINITION

It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector.

EUROBASE

The Eurostat, web based, dissemination database contains the full range 
of publically available data from Eurostat. The Eurobase is available at: 
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database 

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (FEC)

Final  energy  consumption  covers  energy  supplied  to  the  final  consum-
er’s  sectors  for  all  energy  uses  [FC_E].  It  excludes  deliveries  to  the  en-
ergy transformation sector and to the energy industries themselves. It is 
the  sum  of  final  energy  consumption  by  industry  [FC_IND_E],  transport 
[FC_TRA_E],  household  [FC_OTH_HH_E],  commercial  &  public  services 
[FC_OTH_CP_E], agriculture & forestry [FC_OTH_AF_E], fishing [FC_OTH_
FISH_E] and other unspecified [FC_OTH_NSP_E].

249

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2020-2030

In order to allow comparison with Europe 2020 targets established prior 
to the actual methodology of energy balance, this Eurostat indicator [FEC 
2020-2030] estimates Final energy consumption to that calculated under 
the old methodology – the methodology in place at the time of establish-
ing the Directive 2012/27/EU and Europe 2020 energy efficiency targets. 
This indicator should be used also for tracking progress towards Europe 
2030 energy efficiency targets.

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – TRANSPORT

Final energy consumption – transport [FC_TRA_E], covers the consumption in 
all types of transportation, i.e., rail, road, domestic aviation, domestic naviga-
tion, pipeline transport and transport consumption not elsewhere specified.

FINAL NON-ENERGY CONSUMPTION 

Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for non-
energy purposes [FC_NE]. 

GDP – GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

The  gross  domestic  product  is  the  value  of  the  output  of  all  goods  and 
services produced within the borders of a country. The income measure 
of gross domestic product (GDP) is derived as compensation of employees 
plus gross operating surplus plus gross mixed incomes plus taxes less sub-
sidies on both production and imports.

GDP AT CONSTANT MARKET PRICES

GDP values, used, were referenced to year 2010, in millions of euro, chain-
linked volumes, at 2010 exchange rates.

GHG – GREENHOUSE GAS

GHG includes gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. The 
Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced 
by human activities: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluoro-
carbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride.

GHG INTENSITY OF THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

GHG Intensity of the Energy Consumption [kg CO2 eq./toe] represents the 
average emission rate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fuel com-
bustion activities of an economy relative to its gross inland consumption.

GHG GDP INTENSITY

This represents the average emission rate of GHG emissions of an econo-
my relative to its GDP.

250

AppendicesGROSS AVAILABLE ENERGY

Gross available energy [GAE] represents the quantity of energy necessary to 
satisfy all energy demand of entities operating under the authorities of the 
geographical entity under consideration. Gross available energy is defined 
by the formula: primary production [PPRD] + Recovered & Recycled Products 
[RCV_RCY] + Imports [IMP] – Exports [EXP] + Stock changes [STK_CHG].

GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE (GCV)

The  gross  calorific  value  is  the  total  amount  of  heat  released  by  a  unit 
quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the 
products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quanti-
ty includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the 
fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen 
contained in the fuel.

GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION

The  gross  electricity  generation  is  measured  at  the  outlet  of  the  main 
transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and 
in transformers is included.

GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION PENETRATION LEVEL

Electricity penetration level refers to the fraction of gross electricity pro-
duction of a source, compared with the total gross electricity generation, 
all sources.

GROSS FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Gross final consumption of energy means the energy commodities deliv-
ered for energy purposes to industry, transport, households and services 
(including public services), agriculture, forestry and fisheries, including the 
consumption  of  electricity  and  heat  by  the  energy  branch  for  electricity 
and  heat  production  and  including  losses  of  electricity  and  heat  in  dis-
tribution  and  transmission.  The  gross  (overall)  final  consumption  of  en-
ergy from renewable sources is calculated as the sum of: (a) gross final 
consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources; (b) gross final 
consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling; 
and (c) final consumption of energy from renewable sources in transport.

GROSS HEAT PRODUCED

It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network 
heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary 
energy form. For auto-producers, the heat used by the undertaking for its 
own processes is not included here. Only heat sold to third parties should 
be reported.

251

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION 

Gross inland consumption [GIC] represents the quantity of energy necessary 
to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under considera-
tion, i.e. the Total Energy Supply [NRGSUP], plus the international aviation 
[INTAVI].  It  is  also  calculated  using  the  following  formula:  gross  available 
energy [GAE] – International maritime bunkers [INTMARB]. Gross inland con-
sumption is calculated to ensure continuity and transition from the old Eu-
rostat energy balance into the new Eurostat energy balance methodology.

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION 2020-2030

This  indicator  [GIC  20202-2030]  estimates  Gross  inland  consumption  to 
that calculated under the old methodology – the methodology in place at 
the time of establishing the Europe 2020 targets. This indicator should be 
used also for tracking progress towards Europe 2030 targets.

GROSS INSTALLED (ELECTRICITY) CAPACITY

This covers the gross installed electrical capacity of thermal, nuclear, hy-
dro, geothermal, wind and any other types of power plants. 

ISIC

The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activi-
ties is a United Nations system for classifying economic activity data, in 
the fields of production, employment, gross domestic product and other 
statistical areas. 

ISG 

The Inter-institutional style guide is intended to serve as a reference tool 
for written works for all European Union institutions, bodies and organisa-
tions, representing an achievement in linguistic harmonisation. 

INHABITANTS

This represents the group of persons fulfilling the requirements for legal 
permanent residency in a region/country.

LFS

The EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a large sample survey among private 
households which provides detailed annual and quarterly data on: employ-
ment, unemployment and inactivity. 
The  LFS  is  an  important  source  of  information  about  the  situation  and 
trends  in  the  EU  labour  market,  with  a  sample  size  is  about  1.5  million 
people every quarter.
The data can be broken down along many dimensions including age, sex, 
educational attainment, and distinctions between permanent/temporary 
and full-time/part-time employment. In terms of employment figures are 
more  representative of the total sector, but unfortunately not so disag-
gregated as the SBS survey.

252

AppendicesLONG SCALE – SHORT SCALE

The long and short scales are two of several different large-number nam-
ing systems used for integer powers of ten. 
Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale 
whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries 
use the short scale. 
In the long scale every new term greater than a million is a million times the 
previous term. Thus, billion means a million millions, trillion means a million 
billions, and so on.
In the short scale every new term greater than million is 1 000 times the previ-
ous term. Thus, billion means a thousand millions, trillion means a thousand 
billions. 

Name

million

billion

trillion

Long Scale Value  
in Scientific notation

Short Scale Value  
in Scientific notation

 10 6

 10 12

 10 18

10 6

10 9

10 12

to the next:

multiply by 1 000 000

to the next:

multiply by 1 000

Milliard, is used in several languages that use the long scale to represent 
a corresponding value to billions in short scale, i.e. 109.

MANUFACTURED GASES

Manufactured  gases  [C0350-0370]  covers  coke  oven  gas  [4210],  blast 
furnace gas [4220], gas work gas [4230], and other recovered gas [4240]. 

NACE

NACE is the acronym used to designate the various statistical classifica-
tions of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union.
It provides the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of 
statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic 
statistics  (e.g.  production,  employment,  national  accounts)  and  in  other 
statistical domains. 

NET CALORIFIC VALUE (NCV)

The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity 
of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products 
of  combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity does 
not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the 
fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen 
contained in the fuel.

NET IMPORTS 

Net import is calculated as the difference between imports [IMP] and ex-
ports [EXP].

253

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019NET ELECTRICITY GENERATION

It is the amount of gross generation a generator produces less the electric-
ity used to operate the plant.

OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Oil and petroleum products [O4000XBIO] include crude oil [O4100_TOT], 
natural  gas  liquids  [O4200],  refinery  feedstocks  [O4300],  additives  and 
oxygenates  (excl  biofuel  portion)  [O4400X4410],  other  hydrocarbons 
[O4500] and the oil products such as LPG [O4630], refinery gas [O4620], 
ethane  [O4620],  motor  gasoline  [O4652XR5210B],  aviation  gasoline 
[O4651], gasoline-type jet fuel [O4653], kerosene-type jet fuels [O4661X-
R5230B],  other  kerosene  [O4669],  naphtha  [O4640],  gas/diesel  oil 
[O4671XR5220B], fuel oil [4680], white spirit [O4691], lubricants [O4692], 
bitumen [O4695], petroleum coke [O4694], paraffin waxes [O4693] and 
other oil products [O4699]. 

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Primary energy consumption corresponds to the Gross Inland consumption 
minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption.

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2020-2030

This indicator [PEC 2020-2030] reflects on the definition given in Article 2 
of  the  Directive  2012/27/EU  as  well  as  the  methodology  of  energy  bal-
ances in place at the time of establishing the Directive and Europe 2020 
energy efficiency targets. This indicator should be used also for tracking 
progress  towards  Europe  energy  efficiency  2030  targets.  This  is  an  ag-
gregate with the following arithmetic definition: [PEC 20202-2030] = [GIC 
2020-2030] – Final non-energy consumption [FC_NE].

PRIMARY ENERGY INTENSITY 2020-2030

Primary energy intensity 2020-2030 gives an indication of the effective-
ness with which primary energy consumption produces added value. It is 
defined as the ratio of Primary Energy Consumption 2020-2030 to Gross 
Domestic Product. 

PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION – INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION

Primary  production  [PPRD]  is  any  kind  of  extraction  of  energy  products 
from natural sources to a usable form is called primary production. Primary 
production takes place when the natural sources are exploited, for example 
in coal mines, crude oil fields, hydro power plants or fabrication of biofuels. 
Transformation of energy from one form to another, such as electricity or 
heat generation in thermal power plants, or coke production in coke ovens, 
is not included in primary production. In general for solid fossil fuels and 
peat, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during 
the production as well as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers 
of energy for transformation or other uses. For oil and petroleum products, 

254

Appendicesproduction includes only marketable production, and excludes any quan-
tities  returned  to  formation.  For  natural  gas,  the  production  includes  all 
quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline 
systems  and  processing  plants.  For  nuclear,  the  production  is  the  actual 
heat produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity 
generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant. For renewables 
generating electricity (hydro, wind, solar thermal-electric and photovoltaic) 
production is calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and 
a conversion factor of 3600 kJ/kWh. For geothermal, production is calcu-
lated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid pro-
duced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed of via the 
re-injection borehole. In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, 
wood wastes and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after 
combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the 
case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content 
(NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all quantities of 
gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes, and ex-
cludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of bioliquids, the produc-
tion is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

PUMPING, PUMPED STORAGE

Method  for  storing  electrical  energy  at  hydroelectric  installations  by 
pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes

RENEWABLES AND BIOFUELS (RES):

Renewables and biofuels [RA000] cover hydro power [RA100], tide, wave 
and ocean power [RA500], wind power [RA300], solar photovoltaic [RA420] 
and  solar  thermal  [RA410],  geothermal  [RA200],  renewable  municipal 
waste  [W6210],  ambient  heat  [RA600]  and  biofuels  such  as:  primary 
solid  biofuels  [R5110-5150_W6000RI],  charcoal  [R5160],  pure  biogaso-
line  [R5210P],  blended  biogasoline  [R5210B],  pure  biodiesels  [R5220P], 
blended biodiesels [R5220B], pure bio jet kerosene [R5230P], blended bio 
jet kerosene [R5230B] and other liquid biofuels [R5290]. 

SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is solar radiation exploited for hot water production - solar 
thermal [RA410] and electricity generation – solar photovoltaic [RA420]. 
This energy production, is the heat available to the heat transfer medium, 
i.e. the incident solar energy less the optical and collectors’ losses. 

SBS

Structural business statistics cover industry, construction, trade and ser-
vices.  Presented  according  to  the  NACE  activity  classification,  they  de-
scribe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses across the 
European Union.

255

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019SOLID FOSSIL FUELS 

Solid  fossil  fuels  [C0000X0350-0370]  category  of  energy  products  in-
cludes  Hard  coal  [C0100]  (further  including  Anthracite  [C0110],  Coking 
coal [C0121] and Other bituminous coal [C0129]), Brown coal [C0200] (fur-
ther including Sub-bituminous coal [C0210] and Lignite [C220]) and Coal 
products [C0300] (further including Patent fuel [C0320], Coke oven coke 
[C0311],  Gas  coke  [C0312],  Coal  tar  [C0340]  and  Brown  coal  briquettes 
[C0330]). Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any 
operation for removal of inert matter. 

TONNE OF OIL EQUIVALENT (toe)

The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measur-
ing energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value 
of 41 868 kilojoules/kg.

TOTAL ENERGY SUPPLY

Total energy supply [NRGSUP] is one of the most important aggregate of 
energy balance and represents the quantity of energy necessary to sat-
isfy inland consumption (inland fuel deliveries) of the geographical entity 
under consideration. 
Total energy supply is the sum of Primary production [PPRD], Recovered 
& recycled products [RCV_RCY], Imports [IMP] from which are subtracted: 
Exports [EXP], Stock changes [STK_CHG], International maritime bunkers 
[INTMARB] and international aviation [INTAVI]. 
Total Energy Supply is also equivalent to Gross Inland Consumption [GIC] 
minus International Aviation [INTAVI].

TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY 

Total primary energy supply [TPES] is an IEA energy flow, defined as the 
quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geo-
graphical entity under consideration. It is equal to the indigenous produc-
tion  +  imports  –  exports  -  international  marine  bunkers  -  international 
aviation bunkers +/- stock changes. It corresponds to the Eurostat’s Total 
energy supply [NRGSUP].

TRANSFORMATION INPUT 

Transformation  input  [TI_E]  covers  all  inputs  into  the  transformation 
plants  destined  to  be  converted  into  derived  products.  Transformation 
is  only  recorded  when  the  energy  products  are  physically  or  chemically 
modified to produce other energy products, electricity and/or heat. Quan-
tities of fuels used for heating, operation of equipment and in general in 
support of the transformation are not included in Transformation input but 
in Energy sector [NRG_E].

256

AppendicesTransformation Input is the sum of the inputs for electricity & heat gener-
ation plants [TI_EHG_E], coke ovens [TI_CO_E], blast furnaces [TI_BF_E], 
gas works [TI_GW_E], refineries & petrochemical industry [TI_RPI_E], pat-
ent fuel plants [TI_PF_E], BKB & PB plants [TI_BKBPB_E], coal liquefac-
tion plants [TI_CL_E], for blended natural gas [TI_BNG_E], liquid biofuels 
blended [TI_LBB_E], charcoal production plants [TI_CPP_E], gas-TI-liquids 
plants [TI_GTL_E] and others not elsewhere specified [TI_NSP_E].

TRANSFORMATION OUTPUT 

Transformation output [TO_E] is the result of the transformation process 
of  energy  products.  This  output  covers  production  of  derived  products 
(secondary products, by-products and co-products). Transformation out-
put refers always to gross production of derived products, i.e. the products 
used for the own consumption of the transformation plants are included 
in the transformation output and their use is reported in the Energy sector.
TransformaTOon output is the sum of the output from electricity & heat 
generaTOon  plants  [TO_EHG_E],  coke  ovens  [TO_CO_E],  blast  furnaces 
[TO_BF_E],  gas  works  [TO_GW_E],  refineries  &  petrochemical  industry 
[TO_RPI_E], patent fuel plants [TO_PF_E], BKB & PB plants [TO_BKBPB_E], 
coal liquefaction plants [TO_CL_E], for blended natural gas [TO_BNG_E], 
liquid  biofuels  blended  [TO_LBB_E],  charcoal  production  plants  [TO_
CPP_E], gas-TO-liquids plants [TO_GTL_E] and others not elsewhere speci-
fied [TO_NSP_E].

TRANSFORMATION LOSSES

The difference between transformation input and transformation output 
constitutes transformation losses.

TURNOVER 

Or Gross Premium Written comprises the totals invoiced by the observa-
tion unit during the reference period, and this corresponds to market sales 
of goods or services supplied to third parties.

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

The unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage 
of the active population. 

257

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Appendix Notes

Appendix 8 – Notes

APPENDIX 8.1  

1.1.1, 1.1.2 PAGES 10, 11

Energy  production  corresponds  to  the  indigenous  energy  production  
(IEA methodology). It does not include production from other sources.
Asia aggregation does not include China data.

1.1.2, 1.1.4, 1.1.6, 1.1.8, PAGES 11, 13, 15 AND 17

Solid fuels, includes hard coal, lignite and peat, as well as derived fuels.
Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products comprises crude oil, NGL, feed-
stock, additives as well as other hydrocarbons.
RES  (renewables)  is  equal  to  the  sum  of  hydro,  geothermal,  solar  PV,  
solar thermal, tide, wind, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases,  
bio  gasoline,  biodiesel,  other  liquid  biofuels,  non-specified  biofuels  and 
charcoal energy. Industrial waste not included.

1.1.3, 1.1.4, PAGES 12, 13

Total Energy Supply according to EUROSTAT methodology (see glossary) 
corresponds  to  the  Total  Primary  Energy  Supply  (see  glossary  TPES),  of 
the IEA methodology.
Asia aggregation does not include China data.

1.1.5, 1.1.6, PAGES 14, 15

Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s 
door for all energy uses.
Asia aggregation does not include China data.

1.1.8, PAGE 17

It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network 
heat exchanges. However only autoproducers heat sold to third parties is 
here included. Auto-producers heat, used by the undertaking for their own 
processes, is excluded. 

1.1.10, PAGE 19
CO2  Intensity  refers  to  CO2  emissions  activity  intensity,  measured  by  its 
energy gross inland consumption.

1.3.1, PAGE 27

Overall  RES  share  is  measured  against  the  total  gross  final  energy  
consumption.

258

AppendicesAPPENDIX 8.2

2.1.1, PAGES 35-37

Production comprises primary production [PPRD] and products recovered 
& recycled [RCV_RCY].

2.1.2, PAGES 38-40 

Net  imports  correspond  to  the  difference  between  imports  [IMP]  and  
exports [EXP].

2.1.4, PAGES 42-45

Gross  inland  consumption  [GIC]  represents  the  quantity  of  energy  nec-
essary  to  satisfy  inland  consumption  of  the  geographical  entity  under  
consideration, including the international aviation [INTAVI]. This aggregate 
is  calculated  to  ensure  continuity  and  transition  from  the  old  Eurostat  
energy balance into the new Eurostat energy balance.

2.2.1, PAGES 47-51

Solid fossil fuels – see glossary 

2.2.2, PAGES 52-56

Total  oil  and  petroleum  products  –  see  glossary.  Crude  oil  and  NGL  is  
a subgroup containing only crude oil [O4100_TOT] and natural gas liquids 
[O4200] codes.

2.3, PAGES 68-74

See glossary energy import dependency.
Please  note  that  hard  coal  dependency  is  a  part  of  the  solid  fuels  
dependency, natural gas, of the gases dependency, and crude and NGL of  
the  total  petroleum  and  petroleum  sub-products  dependency.  The  total  
import dependency covers all fuels and it is not a simple average of the 
upper mentioned products.

2.5.1, PAGE 81

Energy  available  for  final  consumption  covers  the  energy  placed  at  the 
disposal of final users. It includes final non-energy consumption. 

2.5.2, PAGE 82

Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products in non-
energy purposes.

2.5.3, PAGES 83-86

Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s 
door for all energy uses. It does not include final non-energy consumption.

259

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 20192.6.1, PAGES 87-89

Installed capacity represents the maximum active power that can be sup-
plied, continuously, with all systems running.
Please  note  that  combustible  fuels  include  not  only  fossil  fuels,  as  well 
as  biomass  and  wastes,  that  are  later  included,  also,  in  the  renewables 
installed capacity.

2.6.2, PAGES 90-94

The  gross  electricity  generation  is  measured  at  the  outlet  of  the  main 
transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and 
in transformers is included.

2.7.1, PAGES 96-97

Intermittent energy only includes wind and solar energy. Tide is not includ-
ed in the totals. The share of the intermittent energy is measured against 
to total installed capacity, all sources.

2.7.2-2.7.8, PAGES 98-105

Wind and solar energy generated by all producers. Annual installed capac-
ity  includes  new  installations  and  replacement  of  former  wind  or  solar 
systems.

2.7.3, 2.7.4, PAGES 100-101

Gross electricity production wind share measures the percentage of wind 
produced electricity in the total production.
Average  capacity  factor  it  is  the  ratio  of  actual  energy  output  of  wind 
sources against its annual maximum potential output. It is equal to the 
total  annual  electricity  production,  divided  by  the  cumulative  capacity 
converted to an average statistical year base.

2.7.8, PAGE 105

Gross electricity production solar share measures the percentage of solar 
produced electricity in the total production.

2.8, PAGES 107-109

The  data  collection  for  CHP  generation  is  not  based  in  the  annual  Heat 
survey,  but  instead  on  a  specific  survey  in  accordance  with  the  Energy 
Efficiency Directive 2018/2002/EU. Differences can appear between the 
two datasets. 

2.9, PAGES 110-112

Data is generated by the annual heat survey. Heat, in these tables, include  
the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat 
exchanges,  as  well  as  heat  from  chemical  processes  used  as  primary  
energy form. Only heat sold to third parties is here reported.

260

Appendices2.10, PAGES 113-115

The  tables  include  the  total  final  energy  consumption  of  petroleum  
products, and two of its main products: motor gasoline [O4652XR5210B], 
and  Gas  oil  and  diesel  oil  [O4671XR5220B],  and  the  total  final  energy 
consumption of biofuels with its two main products: biogasoline [R5210] 
and biodiesel [R5220].

2.11.1, PAGE 116

Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy 
is being used (GIC) to produce an added value (GDP).

2.11.4, PAGE 119

Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which 
primary energy is being used to produce an unit of added value (GDP).

2.13, PAGES 126-132

All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide fuel 
price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in the indi-
vidual countries weighted by their consumption.

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Heating  gasoil,  low  sulphur  fuel  oil,  unleaded  petrol  and  automotive  
diesel prices are supplied by the Member States to DG ENERGY as those  
being the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of sales.  
The prices are as of January 15th in each year. 
The  heating  gasoil  prices  given  are  for  deliveries  of  between  2 000  and  
5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries 
of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes. 
The average pump prices are given for motor fuels.
The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each 
country by the corresponding final energy consumption.

ELECTRICITY AND GAS

The  legal  basis  for  the  collection  of  industrial  gas  and  electricity  prices  
is  defined  by  EC  Directive  2008/92/EC.  The  collection  of  prices  includes 
national  average  prices  of  the  last  6  months  reported  by  different  
consumer bands. All taxes are included in the current prices.
Consumption  bands  have  been  selected  as  the  most  representative  for 
the exercise.

261

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019APPENDIX 8.3

3.1.1, PAGE 134

Energy activities sector in its broad and narrow definition as defined by 
EUROSTAT/NACE  and  UN/SIC  nomenclatures  (sector  D35  according  to 
NACE codes).

3.2, PAGES 135-146

Includes  data  on  number  of  enterprises,  turnover,  and  persons  declared 
as  employed,  as  originated  from  the  SBS  survey  that  targets  especially 
enterprises business. At employment level is more disaggregated but less 
complete than the LFS survey.

3.3, PAGES 147-150

Data is extracted from DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO data-
base.  Differences  mainly  due  to  data  freshness,  constant  revisions,  and 
methodology can appear when comparing with Eurostat economic data.

3.5, PAGES 152-154

Data  from  the  LFS  survey.  At  employment  level,  this  dataset  presents 
larger  figures  than  the  SBS,  due  to  the  difference  of  methodology,  and 
its sample size.

APPENDIX 8.4

4.1.1, PAGES 158-162

GHG, greenhouse gases, are gases that contribute to the natural green-
house  effect.  GHG  emissions  aggregate  includes  Fuel  combustion 
emissions  and  other  non-fuel  linked  emissions  (Industrial  processes,  
agriculture…). Fuel combustion emissions include combustion in Energy in-
dustries, Manufacturing Industries and construction, Transport, Commer-
cial and Institutional, Residential, Agriculture, Forestry/Fisheries and other 
combustion and fugitive emissions.

4.1.2 PAGES 163-167

Structure of emissions similar to the GHG emissions.

APPENDIX 8.5

For products see appendix 3 and the glossary from appendix 7. For energy 
flows see appendix 2 and the glossary from appendix 7. For abbreviations, 
conversion factors and units see the explanations provided in appendices 
6 and 7.

262

AppendicesNotes

263

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2019Statistical pocketbook 2019

264

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