COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 35th Annual Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the EU's Anti-Dumping, Anti-Subsidy and Safeguard activities (2016)
Date: 2017-10-17
Institutions: Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security, European Commission
Subjects: anti-dumping duty, anti-dumping measure, anti-subsidy proceeding, countervailing charge, import (EU), import restriction, originating product, surveillance concerning imports, trade dispute

EUROPEAN 
COMMISSION 

Brussels, 17.10.2017  
SWD(2017) 342 final 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
Accompanying the document 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT 

35th Annual Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament 
on the EU's Anti-Dumping, Anti-Subsidy and Safeguard activities (2016) 

{COM(2017) 598 final} 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
  
 
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
Accompanying the document 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT 

35th Annual Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament 
on the EU's Anti-Dumping, Anti-Subsidy and Safeguard activities (2016) 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 5 

1. 

Overview of the legislation .......................................................................................... 7 

Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy .................................................................................................. 7 

1.1.1.  The international framework ........................................................................................ 7 

1.1.2.  The EU legislation........................................................................................................ 7 

Safeguards .................................................................................................................................. 8 

1.2.1.  The international framework ........................................................................................ 8 

1.2.2.  The EU legislation........................................................................................................ 8 

Anti-subsidy and unfair pricing instrument for airline services ................................................. 9 

2. 

2.1. 

Basic concepts .............................................................................................................. 9 

Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy .................................................................................... 9 

2.1.1.  What is dumping and what are countervailable subsidies - the material conditions for 
the imposition of duties? .............................................................................................. 9 

2.1.2.  Procedure ................................................................................................................... 10 

2.1.3.  Review of measures ................................................................................................... 12 

2.1.4. 

Judicial reviews .......................................................................................................... 13 

2.2. 

Safeguards .................................................................................................................. 13 

2.2.1.  What are safeguard measures? ................................................................................... 13 

2.2.2.  Procedure ................................................................................................................... 13 

3. 

3.1. 

3.2. 

4. 

4.1. 

General overview of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations and measures ... 14 

Measures in place ....................................................................................................... 14 

Review investigations ................................................................................................ 15 

Overview of activities in 2016 ................................................................................... 16 

New investigations ..................................................................................................... 16 

4.1.1. 

Initiations ................................................................................................................... 16 

4.1.2.  Provisional measures .................................................................................................. 18 

4.1.3.  Definitive measures .................................................................................................... 19 

EN 

2 

   EN 

 
4.1.4.  Details on individual cases ......................................................................................... 19 

4.1.5. 

Investigations terminated without measures .............................................................. 26 

4.1.6.  Details on some individual cases ............................................................................... 26 

4.2. 

Review investigations ................................................................................................ 28 

4.2.1.  Expiry reviews ........................................................................................................... 28 

4.2.2. 

Interim reviews .......................................................................................................... 33 

4.2.3. 

 “Other” reviews ......................................................................................................... 36 

4.2.4.  New exporter reviews ................................................................................................ 37 

4.2.5.  Absorption investigations .......................................................................................... 38 

4.2.6.  Circumvention investigations .................................................................................... 38 

4.3. 

5. 

5.1. 

5.2. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

9.1. 

9.2. 

Safeguard investigations ............................................................................................ 43 

Enforcement of anti-dumping/countervailing measures ............................................ 43 

Follow-up of measures ............................................................................................... 43 

Monitoring of undertakings ....................................................................................... 43 

Refunds ...................................................................................................................... 44 

TDI Modernisation ..................................................................................................... 44 

Legislative proposal to amend the EU's AD and AS legislation ................................ 45 

Country-wide market economy status (MES) ............................................................ 46 

Information and Communication activities / Bilateral contacts ................................. 47 

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) ............................................................ 47 

Bilateral contacts/information activities – EU economic operators including their key 
stakeholder associations and third countries .............................................................. 47 

11. 

Judicial review: decisions given by the Court of Justice / Court of First Instance .... 47 

11.1.  Overview of the judicial reviews in 2016. ................................................................. 47 

11.2.  Cases pending ............................................................................................................ 47 

11.3.  New cases ................................................................................................................... 47 

11.4. 

Judgments rendered by the General Court ................................................................. 48 

11.5. 

Judgments rendered by the Court of Justice .............................................................. 52 

12. 

Activities in the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) ..................... 57 

12.1.  Dispute settlement in the field of anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and safeguards .......... 57 

12.1.1.  Overview of the WTO dispute settlement procedure ................................................. 57 

13. 

Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 60 

12.1. 

LIST OF ANNEXES ................................................................................................. 62 

12.1.1.  New investigations initiated during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016 ....... 63 

12.1.2.  New investigations initiated by product/country 2012 – 2016 (excluding the 

reopenings) ................................................................................................................. 65 

EN 

3 

   EN 

 
12.1.3.  Imposition of provisional duties  during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016  67 

12.1.4.  New investigations - imposition of definitive duties during the period 1 January – 31 
December 2016 .......................................................................................................... 68 

12.1.5.  New investigations terminated without the imposition of measures during the period 
1 January - 31 December 2016 .................................................................................. 69 

12.1.6.  Expiry reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January - 31 December 

2016 ............................................................................................................................ 70 

12.1.7.  Interim reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January - 31 December 

2016 ............................................................................................................................ 72 

12.1.8.  Other reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January - 31 December 

2016 ............................................................................................................................ 74 

12.1.9.  New exporter reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January - 31 

December 2016 .......................................................................................................... 75 

12.1.10. Anti-absorption investigations initiated or concluded during the period 1 January - 31 
December 2016 .......................................................................................................... 77 

12.1.11. Anti-circumvention investigations initiated or concluded during the period 1 January 
- 31 December 2016 ................................................................................................... 78 

12.1.12. Safeguard investigations initiated and concluded during the period 1 January - 31 

December 2016 .......................................................................................................... 80 

12.1.13. Undertakings accepted / repealed during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 81 

12.1.14. Measures which expired / lapsed during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 . 82 

12.1.15. Definitive anti-dumping measures in force on 31 December 2016 ........................... 83 

12.1.16. Definitive anti-subsidy measures in force on 31 December 2016 ........................... 132 

12.1.17. Undertakings in force on 31 December 2016 .......................................................... 137 

12.1.18. Anti-dumping & anti-subsidy investigations pending on 31 December 2016 ......... 139 

12.1.19. Court cases ............................................................................................................... 147 

12.1.20. Safeguard and surveillance measures in force on 31 December 2016 ..................... 152 

EN 

4 

   EN 

 
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This report sets out the European Union's anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and safeguard activities 
during 2016.  

The report, as in previous years, gives an overview of the EU legislation in force with regard 
to the trade defence instruments, anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and safeguards. 

The report also summarises the developments in general policy. In this respect, two important 
legislative  files  merit  particular  attention.  In  November  2016,  the  Commission  adopted  a 
proposal  to  amend  the  EU's  anti-dumping  and  anti-subsidy  legislation.  This  proposal 
introduces  a  new  method  for  calculating  dumping  margins  for  countries  which  have 
significant distortions in the economy owing to state interference. It also proposes changes to 
strengthen the anti-subsidy legislation.  

On the modernisation of the trade defence instruments, a file introduced by the Commission 
back  in  2013,  significant  progress  can  be  reported.  After  the  file  was  idle  for  around  two 
years,  the  steel  crisis  back  in  2016,  highlighted  the  continued  need  for  this  initiative.  The 
Council reached a compromise position at the end of that year. This allowed the next stage of 
the legislative process to begin, i.e. trilogues.  

The  report  also  gives  an  overview  of  all  investigations  together  with  the  most  essential 
information  such  as,  for  instance,  the  rate  of  individual  duties  imposed.  Cases  which  merit 
special attention are treated in more detail. Consequently, the report covers the essential facts 
of the year. 

The detailed annexes give a complete overview of all case-related activities carried out during 
2016. These are broken down into various categories e.g. initiations, imposition of measures 
etc.  and  are  designed  to  complement  the  narrative  of  this  report  by  providing  details  of  all 
cases including references to publications.  

With  regard  to  anti-dumping  and  anti-subsidy,  the  year  2016  saw  a  slight  increase  in  the 
number of new cases initiated when compared to the previous year, 15 as compared to 14 in 
2015. In 2016 the number of provisional measures imposed remained stable, 9 compared to 
10 while the number of definitive measures imposed dropped, 7 compared to 12 the previous 
year. The number of investigations terminated without measures increased significantly (8 in 
2016 compared to 3 in 2015).  

As regards review  investigations initiated, there was a drop from 33 in 2015 to 16 in 2016. 
These included 13 expiry reviews, 2 interim reviews, and 1 anti-circumvention investigation. 
In  the  period,  5  expiry  reviews  were  concluded  with  confirmation  of  the  measures  and  4 
interim reviews were concluded with the measures being confirmed or amended. 

The  complexity  in  particular  of  new  cases  concerning  steel  products was  in  many  instances 
significant. These cases also covered considerable import volumes.  

There was no safeguard investigation opened nor safeguard measures imposed during 2016.  

As in previous years, this report provides an overview of the Court cases relating to the trade 
policy instruments. In 2016, the Court of Justice (COJ) and the General Court (GC) rendered 
38 judgments in total relating to the areas of anti-dumping or anti-subsidy.  

The  European  Parliament's  INTA  Committee  continued  to  be  informed  about  major 
developments in the EU's trade defence activities. 

The  relevant  activities  in  the  framework  of  the  World  Trade  Organisation  (WTO)  are  also 
reported, including dispute settlement procedures initiated against the EU.  

EN 

5 

   EN 

 
In short, the Commission's activity in this area faced considerable challenges. 

The annexes to this report provide easy access to the activities in table form. 

This report is also available to the general public under the following link. 

Internet Website :  http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/accessing-markets/trade-defence/  

EN 

6 

   EN 

 
1. 

OVERVIEW OF THE LEGISLATION 

Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy 

1.1.1.  The international framework 

On an international level, unfair trading practices such as dumping and the granting of 
subsidies  were  identified  as  a  threat  to  open  markets  as  early  as  1947,  when  the  first 
GATT  agreement  was  signed.  The  agreement  contained  specific  provisions  allowing 
GATT members to take action against these practices if they caused material injury to 
the  domestic  industry  of  a  GATT  member.  Even  though,  the  beginning  of  the 
disciplines  dates  back  quite  some  time,  the  instruments  are  still  relevant  because  the 
trade distortions that underlie the application of these instruments are widespread. 

Since  the  beginning,  considerable  efforts  have  been  made  to  harmonise  the  rules 
relating  to  trade  instruments.  During  the  last  GATT  round  (the  « Uruguay  Round ») 
which led to the creation of the WTO and the detailed Anti-Dumping and Anti-Subsidy 
Agreements,  much  of  the  attention  was  focused  on  the  procedural  and  material 
conditions to be fulfilled before measures can be adopted. The EU played an active role 
in  the  negotiation  of  these  relevant  criteria  which  are  reflected  in  its  own  legislation. 
The  EU's  role  is  the  more  so  important  today  as  a  number  of  new  users  take  action 
without  the  necessary  rigor  and  restraint,  affecting  negatively  also  EU  operators.  The 
role the EU plays as a prudent user has therefore also an exemplary function at WTO 
level. Against this backdrop, the EU also continues to play an active role in the ogoing 
DDA negotiations. 

1.1.2.  The EU legislation 

The EU’s anti-dumping and anti-subsidy legislation was first enacted in 1968 and has 
since been modified several times. The current basic texts, which form the legal basis of 
anti-dumping  and  anti-subsidy  investigations  in  the  EU,  entered  into  force  in  March 
1996 and October 1997 respectively. These are in line with the Anti-Dumping and Anti-
Subsidy  Agreements  adopted  during  the  GATT/WTO  negotiations.    These  texts  were 
codified in 2016 to reflect changes previously made. The basic texts are: 

– 

– 

 Regulation  (EU)  2016/1036  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the 
Council  on  protection  against  dumped  imports  from  countries  not 
members of the European Union – Codified Version1 

Regulation  (EU)  2016/1037  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the 
Council  on  protection  against  subsidised  imports  from  countries  not 
members of the European Union – Codified Version2. 

These regulations will overall be referred to as the "basic Regulation(s)".  

The  EU  legislation  contains  a  number  of  provisions  aimed  at  ensuring  a  balanced 
application of the EU’s Anti-Dumping and Anti-Subsidy rules on all interested parties. 
These  provisions  include  the  “EU  interest  test”  and  the  “lesser  duty  rule”,  which  go 
beyond the WTO obligations. 

1 

2 

EN 

OJ  L 176, 30.6.2016, p.21   Codified version  as  last  amended by  Regulation  (EU) No  37/2014 
(OJ L 18, 21.01.2014, p. 1) 

OJ  L  176,  30.6.2016,  p.55  Codified  Version  as  last  amended  by  Regulation  (EU)  No  37/2014 
(OJ L 18 21.01.2014, p. 1) 

7 

   EN 

 
                                                 
 
 
The EU interest test is a public interest clause and provides that measures can only be 
taken if they are not contrary to the overall interest of the EU. This requires an analysis 
of  all  the  economic  interests  involved,  including  those  of  the  EU  industry,  users, 
consumers and traders of the product concerned.  

The  lesser  duty  rule  requires  the  measures  imposed  by  the  EU  to  be  lower  than  the 
dumping  or  subsidy  margin,  if  such  lower  duty  rate  is  sufficient  to  remove  the  injury 
suffered by the EU industry. Such a “no-injury” rate is usually determined by using the 
cost of production of the EU industry and a reasonable profit margin; it reduces the anti-
dumping measures for individual exporting companies in almost half of the cases. The 
EU  is  one  of  the  few  investigating  authorities  on  a  world-wide  level  that  applies  the 
lesser duty rule in such a coherent and comprehensive way.  

Safeguards 

1.2.1.  The international framework 

The  principle  of  liberalisation  of  imports  was  set  under  the  GATT  1947  and 
strengthened  under  the  1994  WTO  Agreements.  As  safeguard  measures  consist  of  the 
unilateral withdrawal or suspension of a tariff concession or of other trade liberalisation 
obligations  formerly  agreed,  they  have  to  be  considered  as  an  exception  to  this 
principle. Article XIX GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards do not only 
impose strict conditions for the application of this "escape clause”, but also put in place 
a multilateral control mechanism under the WTO Committee on Safeguards. 

Under WTO rules, safeguard action has to be viewed as a temporary defence measure 
that applies to all imports of the product covered by a measure, irrespective of origin. 
As  regards  non-WTO  members,  safeguard  measures  may  be  selective  and  apply  to 
products originating in a specific country. WTO Accession Protocols may also provide 
for  such  selective  safeguard  mechanisms  as  was  the  case  in  China's  Protocol  of 
Accession, although the provision has now expired.  

WTO  safeguards  should  only  be  adopted  after  a  comprehensive  investigation  which 
provides  evidence  of  the  existence  of  a)  unforeseen  developments  leading  to  b) 
increased imports, c) the existence of a serious injury for EU producers and d) a causal 
link between the imports and the injury. 

1.2.2.  The EU legislation 

The above-mentioned principles are all reflected in the relevant EU regulations, except 
for  the  “unforeseen  development  requirement”  (which  is  not  explicitly  in  the  EU 
legislation but has been confirmed as a self-standing condition by WTO jurisprudence). 
Additionally,  the  adoption  of  measures  in  the  EU  requires  an  analysis  of  all  interests 
concerned, i.e. the impact of the measures on producers, users and consumers. In other 
words, safeguard action can only be taken when it is in the EU’s interest to do so. The 
current EU safeguard instruments are covered by the following regulations: 

-  Regulation  (EU)  2015/478  of  the  European Parliament and of the Council of 
11 March 2015 on common rules for imports (codification)[1],  

-  Regulation  (EU)  2015/755  of  the  European Parliament and of the Council of 
29  April  2015  on  common  rules  for  imports  from  certain  third  countries 
(recast)[2]  

[1]        OJ L 83, 27.3.2015, p.16. 

EN 

8 

   EN 

 
                                                 
-  Regulation  (EU)  2015/936  on  common  rules  for  imports  of  textile  products 
from  certain  third  countries  not  covered  by  bilateral  agreements,  protocols  or 
other arrangements, or by other specific EU import rules (recast) 

The first two regulations are referred to as the "basic safeguard Regulation(s)". 

Anti-subsidy and unfair pricing instrument for airline services 

Regulation No 868/2004 dealing with the effect of subsidisation and unfair pricing for 
air  services  from  third  countries  was  adopted  by  the  EP  and  the  Council  in  2004. 
However, the Regulation  has  never  been used in practice. Therefore, following public 
consultations in 2013 and a study the following year, the Commission presented, in June 
2017, a proposal for a new Regulation, aiming at addressing, in a more effective way, 
practices affecting competition on air transport market. The Commission proposal, has 
to be now discussed by the Council and the Parliament as co-legislators.  

2. 

BASIC CONCEPTS 

2.1. 

Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy 

2.1.1.  What  is  dumping  and  what  are  countervailable  subsidies  -  the  material 

conditions for the imposition of duties? 

2.1.1.1.  Dumping and subsidies 

Dumping is traditionally defined as price discrimination between national markets, or as 
selling below cost of production, plus profit. The EU’s anti-dumping legislation defines 
anti-dumping as selling a product in the EU at a price below  its “normal value”. This 
“normal value” is usually the actual sales price on the domestic market of the exporting 
country. Therefore, a country is selling at dumped prices if the prices in its home market 
are higher than its export prices (i.e. price discrimination). 

Where  sales  in  the  domestic  market  are  not  representative,  for  instance  because  they 
have only been made in small quantities, the normal value may then be established on 
another basis, such as the sales prices of other producers on the domestic market or the 
cost of production, plus profit. In the latter case, a company is selling at dumped prices 
if its export prices are below the cost of production, plus profit. 

A certain segregation  of  the  market, triggered by a variety of distortions, exists in the 
majority  of  the  cases  where  dumping  occurs  on  a  more  than  an  incidental  basis.  That 
segregation  may  be  caused,  amongst  other  reasons,  by  government  intervention  e.g. 
high customs duties. As a result, exporters are shielded, at least to a certain degree, from 
international competition on their domestic market. 

Subsidies can have similar effects to sales at dumped prices in that they allow exporters 
to  operate  from  a  distorted  home  base.  Subsidies  involve  a  direct  support  from  a 
government or a government-directed private body which has the effect of conferring a 
benefit  to  producers  or  exporters  (e.g.  grants,  tax  and  duty  exemptions,  preferential 
loans at below commercial rates, export promotion schemes, etc.). This allows exporters 
to  sell  at  low  prices  in  the  EU.  Only  subsidies  which  are  “specific”,  i.e.  targeted  at 
individual companies or certain sectors of the economy, can be subject to trade defence 
measures. 

[2]        OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p.33. 

EN 

9 

   EN 

 
                                                                                                                                               
Both anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures are thus only second-best solutions in the 
absence of internationally agreed and enforced rules that ensure full market integration 
(for instance like in the EU internal market).  

2.1.1.2.  Material injury and causation 

For measures to be taken against these unfair trading practices, it is not sufficient that 
companies  are  exporting  their  products  to  the  EU  at  dumped  or  subsidised  prices. 
Measures can only be taken if these exports cause material injury to EU producers. 

Typical  indicators  of  injury  are  that  the  dumped  and/or  subsidised  import  volumes 
increase  over  a  certain  period  and  import  prices  undercut  the  sales  prices  of  the  EU 
industry.  As  a  consequence,  the  latter  is  forced  to  decrease  production  volumes  and 
sales  prices  thus  losing  market  shares,  making  losses  or  having  to  make  employees 
redundant.  In  extreme  cases,  exporters  may  try  to  eliminate  viable  EU  producers  by 
using a predatory, below cost, pricing strategy. In any event, the injury analysis requires 
that all relevant factors be taken into account before deciding whether the EU industry is 
in fact suffering “material injury”. 

A further condition for the imposition of measures is the need for “a causal link”: the 
injury must be caused by the dumping or the subsidy. This condition is often fulfilled 
when  the  injury  to  the  EU  industry  coincides  with  the  increase  in  dumped  and 
subsidised imports. It is important to note that the dumped or subsidised imports do not 
have to be the only cause of the injury. 

2.1.1.3.  EU interest 

Finally,  it  has  to  be  established  whether  there  are  compelling  reasons  according  to 
which measures would be contrary to the overall interest of the EU. In this respect, the 
interests of all relevant economic operators which might be affected by the outcome of 
the investigation must be taken into account. These interests typically include those of 
the EU industry, industrial users, consumers and traders of the product concerned and 
the  analysis  assesses  the  positive  impact  measures  will  have  on  some  operators  as 
opposed to the negative impact on others. Measures should not be imposed only if it can 
be clearly concluded that their negative impact would be disproportionate. 

2.1.2.  Procedure 

Investigations are carried out in accordance with the procedural rules laid down in the 
basic Regulations. These rules guarantee a transparent, fair and objective proceeding by 
granting significant procedural rights to interested parties. In addition, the results of an 
investigation  are published  in the Official Journal, and the EU is obliged to justify its 
decisions in this publication. Finally, it is ensured that each case is decided on its merits 
and  the  Commission  does  not  hesitate  to  terminate  a  case  if  the  conditions  to  impose 
measures are not met. 

Whereas  each  investigation  is  different  depending  on  the  products  and  countries 
involved, all cases follow the same procedural rules. However, certain preferential rules 
apply  to  any  candidate  countries.  The  rules  relating  to  a  new  case  are  summarised 
below. 

Initiation 

A case normally starts with a sufficiently substantiated complaint from the EU industry 
manufacturing  the  same  or  a  similar  product  to  the  one  referred  to  in  the  complaint. 
Then,  the  Commission  assesses  whether  the  complaint  contains  sufficient  evidence  to 

EN 

10 

   EN 

 
allow for the initiation of the case. A case is opened by a notice of initiation published 
in  the  Official  Journal.  In  this  notice,  all  interested  parties,  including  users,  exporting 
country  authorities  in  anti-subsidy  investigations  in  particular  and,  where  appropriate, 
consumer  organisations  are  invited  to  participate  and  co-operate  in  the  proceedings. 
Detailed questionnaires are sent to producers in the exporting countries, in anti-subsidy 
investigations also to the exporting country authorities, and in the EU to the producers, 
traders  (in  particular  importers)  and  other  interested  parties,  such  as  users.  These 
questionnaires cover all different conditions to be fulfilled, i.e. dumping/subsidy, injury, 
causation and EU interest. The parties are also informed that they can request a hearing 
and ask for access to the non-confidential files which will help them defend their case. 

The investigation up to the provisional measures 

Following  receipt  of  the  replies  to  the  questionnaire,  investigations  are  carried  out  by 
Commission officials at the premises of the co-operating parties. 

The  main  purpose  of  these  visits  is  to  verify  whether  the  information  given  in  the 
questionnaires is reliable. The verified information is subsequently used to calculate or 
determine  the  dumping  margin  and  the  injury  factors,  in  particular  the  price 
undercutting margin and injury elimination level, as well as for the EU interest analysis. 
The  respective  calculations  and  analysis  often  involve  the  processing  of  thousands  of 
transactions,  the  complex  examination  of  production  costs  and  the  assessment  of  the 
economic situation of numerous economic operators. 

The  results  of  the  calculations  and  other  findings  are  summarised  in  a  draft 
implementing  act,  on  the  basis  of  which  it  is  decided  whether  to  impose  provisional 
measures, whether to continue the investigation without proposing duties or whether to 
terminate  the  proceedings.  In  either  eventuality  the  decision  is  the  Commission's 
responsibility. 

The investigation up to the definitive stage 

Following the publication in the Official Journal of a Commission regulation imposing 
provisional duties, interested parties, which so request, receive a full disclosure which 
allows them to review the Commission’s findings and to submit comments. Comments 
can  also  be  made  at  a  hearing.  Any  submissions  and  comments  in  reaction  to 
provisional  disclosure,  are  taken  into  account  when  a  second,  definitive,  draft 
implementing act is prepared by the Commission. 

After final disclosure, assessment of comments of interested parties and after receiving 
the  opinion  of  the  Member  States  via  the  Trade  Defence  Instruments  Committee,  the 
Commission  decides  whether  or  not  to  adopt  definitive  measures.  At  definitive  stage, 
Member States can block the adoption of a draft implementing act by qualified majority. 
The Commission may also accept undertakings offered by exporters, which undertake to 
respect  minimum  prices.  In  the  latter  case,  no  duties  are  generally  imposed  on  the 
companies from which undertakings are accepted. The Commission regulation imposing 
definitive  duties/accepting  undertakings,  and  deciding  on  the  collection  of  the 
provisional duties, is published in the Official Journal. 

As set out above, throughout the process and at various specific steps, the procedure - 
consisting e.g. of requests for information, hearings, access to the file and disclosure - 
ensures that the rights of defence of interested parties are fully respected in this quasi-
judicial process. In this regard it is important to note that the interested parties can avail 
themselves of a Hearing Officer for trade proceedings. This official, independent from 

EN 

11 

   EN 

 
the  investigating  service,  can  hear  the  parties,  verify  that  their  procedural  rights  have 
been respected and issue recommendations to the investigating service. 

If  one  or  more  of  the  conditions  for  imposing  measures  are  not  met,  the  Commission 
will decide to terminate a case without the imposition of measures. The same procedure 
(disclosure, comments, hearing, draft implementing act) as described above applies. The 
termination  of  the  case  is  made  by  a  Commission  Decision  after  consultation  of  the 
Member States. 

Timing 

The  procedure  described  above  is  subject  to  strict  statutory  time  limits.  A  decision  to 
impose  provisional  duties  must  be  taken  within  nine  months  of  the  initiation  and  the 
total duration of an investigation is limited to fifteen months in anti-dumping cases and 
to  thirteen  months  in  anti-subsidy  cases.  This  leads  to  significant  time  constraints, 
taking  into  account,  inter  alia,  internal  consultations  and  the  necessity  to  publish 
regulations and decisions in all EU languages at the same time. 

Anti-dumping or countervailing measures will normally remain in force for five years, 
and may consist of duties or undertakings concluded with exporters. Measures are taken 
on  a  countrywide  basis,  but  individual  treatment,  i.e.  the  application  of  a  company-
specific  duty,  can  be  granted  to  exporters  which  have  co-operated  throughout  the 
investigation.  During  the  five-year  period,  interested  parties  may,  under  certain 
conditions,  request  a  review  of  measures  or  the  refund  of  anti-dumping  duties  paid. 
Measures may also be suspended for a certain period, subject to given criteria. 

2.1.3.  Review of measures 

The  basic  Regulations  provide  for  administrative  reviews  and  distinguish  between 
interim reviews, newcomer reviews and expiry reviews.  

The  expiry  review  is  initiated  at  the  end  of  the  five  year  life-time  of  the  measures. 
Initiation  of  such  a  review  requires  a  request  by  the  EU  industry  evidencing  that  the 
expiry of the measures would lead to the likelihood of a continuation or recurrence of 
dumping  and  injury.  Since  the  amendment  to  the  basic  Regulations,  expiry  reviews 
initiated after 20 March 2004 are subject to strict deadlines, i.e. they shall normally be 
concluded within 12 months of the date of initiation of the review, but in all cases be 
concluded within 15 months. 

During  the  five  year  life-time  of  measures,  the  Commission  may  perform  an  interim 
review.  Under  the  latter  procedure,  the  Commission  will  consider  whether  the 
circumstances with regard to subsidy/dumping and injury have changed significantly or 
whether  existing  measures  are  achieving  the  intended  results  in  removing  the  injury. 
Since 20 March 2006, the deadline for concluding an interim review is set at 12 months, 
but no later than 15 months. 

Finally,  the  basic  Regulations  provide  that  a  review  shall  be  carried  out  to  determine 
individual  margins  for  new  exporters  in  the  exporting  country  concerned.  Since  20 
March 2006, the deadline for conclusion of newcomer reviews is nine months.  

During  these  reviews,  the  main  procedural  rules  outlined  in  chapter  2.1.2  are  also 
applicable. However, in reviews there is no provisional stage.  

EN 

12 

   EN 

 
 
2.1.4. 

Judicial reviews 

The procedural rights of the parties, including hearings and access to non-confidential 
files, as well as the substantive rules, are to be respected in the course of the proceeding, 
and a system of judicial review is in place to ensure their correct implementation. The 
competence to review anti-dumping and anti-subsidy cases lies with the General Court 
and  the  Court  of  Justice  in  Luxembourg.  Furthermore,  WTO  members  may  have 
recourse to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. 

2.2. 

Safeguards 

2.2.1.  What are safeguard measures? 

Safeguard  measures  allow  temporary  protection  against  the  adverse  effects  of  import 
surges. Under the EU legislation3 implementing the WTO Safeguards Agreement, they 
can  be  applied  under  the  following  conditions:  if,  as  a  result  of  unforeseen 
developments,  a  product  is  being  imported  into  the  EU  in  such  increased  quantities 
and/or on such terms and conditions as to cause, or threaten to cause, serious injury to 
EU producers of like or directly competitive products. Safeguard measures may only be 
imposed to the extent and for such time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the 
injury.  

2.2.2.  Procedure 

Investigations are carried out in accordance with the procedural rules laid down in the 
basic  safeguard  Regulations.  These  rules  guarantee  a  transparent,  fair  and  objective 
proceeding.  In  addition,  the  results  of  safeguard  investigations  are  published  in  the 
Official Journal, and the EU is obliged to justify its decisions in this publication. 

Initiation 

The Commission is informed by one or more Member States should trends in imports of 
a certain product appear to call for safeguard measures. This information must contain 
evidence  available,  of  the  following  criteria:  a)  the  volume  of  imports,  b)  the  price  of 
imports, c) trends in certain economic factors of the Union industry such as production, 
capacity utilisation, stocks, sales, market share, prices, profits, employment, etc. Where 
there  is  a  threat  of  serious  injury,  the  Commission  must  also  examine  whether  it  is 
clearly foreseeable that a particular situation is likely to develop into actual injury. 

This information is passed on by the Commission to all other Member States. If there is 
sufficient  evidence  to  justify  an  investigation,  the  Commission  publishes  a  notice  of 
initiation  in  the  Official  Journal  within  one  month  of  receipt  of  the  information  and 
commences the investigation, acting in co-operation with the Member States. 

Provisional measures 

Provisional measures may be imposed at any stage  of the investigation. They  shall  be 
applied  in  critical  circumstances  where  delay  would  cause  damage  which  would  be 
difficult  to  repair,  making  immediate  action  necessary,  and  where  a  preliminary 
determination  provides  clear  evidence  that  increased  imports  have  caused,  or  are 
threatening to cause, serious injury. 

3 

Regulation (EU) 2015/478 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2015 on common rules for imports 
(codification - OJ L 83, 27.3.2015, p.16. 

EN 

13 

   EN 

 
                                                 
 
 
 
The  duration  of  the  provisional  measures  can,  however,  not  exceed  200  days  (i.e. 
slightly more than six months). 

Definitive measures 

If,  at  the  end  of  the  investigation,  the  Commission  considers  that  definitive  safeguard 
measures  are  necessary,  it  will  take  the  necessary  decisions  no  later  than  nine  months 
from the initiation of the investigation, at which stage the results of the investigation are 
published in the Official Journal. In exceptional circumstances, this time limit may be 
extended by a further maximum period of two months. 

Safeguard  measures  shall  be  applied  only  to  the  extent  to  prevent  or  remedy  serious 
injury, thereby maintaining as far as possible traditional trade flows. As to the form of 
the measures, the EU will choose the measures most suitable in order to achieve these 
objectives.  These  measures  could  consist  of  quantitative  quotas,  tariff  quotas,  duties, 
etc. 

Duration and review of the measures 

The duration of safeguard measures must be limited to the period of time necessary to 
prevent  or  remedy  serious  injury  and  to  facilitate  adjustments  on  the  part  of  the  EU 
producers,  but  should  not  exceed  four  years,  including  the  duration  of  the  provisional 
measures,  if  any.  Under  certain  circumstances,  extensions  may  be  necessary  but  the 
total period of application of safeguard measures should not exceed eight years. 

If  the  duration  of  the  measures  exceeds  one  year,  the  measures  must  be  progressively 
liberalised  at  regular  intervals  during  the  period  of  application.  If  the  duration  of  the 
measures  exceeds  three  years,  the  Commission  will  examine,  mid  way  through  their 
duration,  the  appropriateness  of  further  liberalisation  and  necessity  for  their  continued 
application.  This  will  be  done  either  on  the  Commission's  own  initiative  or  at  the 
request of a Member State. Where the Commission considers that the application of the 
measure  is  still  necessary,  it  shall  inform  the  Member  States  accordingly.  Where  the 
Commission considers that any surveillance or safeguard measure should be revoked or 
amended, it shall do so after having received the approval of the Member States.  

3. 

GENERAL  OVERVIEW  OF  ANTI-DUMPING  AND  ANTI-SUBSIDY  INVESTIGATIONS 
AND MEASURES 

The number of new investigations initiated in 2016 increased compared to the previous 
year,  15  compared  to  14  –  in  addition  there  were  9  cases  reopened  to  implement 
findings  following  judicial  review.  The  number  of  definitive  measures  imposed 
decreased when compared to 2015 (7 as compared to 12) and the number of provisional 
measures  imposed  in  2016  also  decreased  from  10  in  2015  to  9.  Below  are  details  on 
new investigations and review investigations. 

3.1.  Measures in place 

At  the  end  of  2016,  the  EU  had  90  definitive  anti-dumping  measures  (which  were 
extended in 31 cases) and 12 countervailing measures in force (which were extended in 
three  cases)4.  The  anti-dumping  measures  covered  65  products  and  15  countries  (see 
Annex O); the countervailing measures covered 12 products and 4 countries (see Annex 

4 

The measures are counted per product and country concerned. 

EN 

14 

   EN 

 
 
                                                 
P). The large majority of measures was in the form of duties. However, in a number of 
cases, undertakings were accepted. 

Of  the  90  anti-dumping  measures  and  31  extensions  in  force  at  the  end  of  2016,  the 
main  countries  affected  were  China  (84),  Russia  (8),  India  (5),  Indonesia  and  USA  (4 
each),  Ukraine  (3),  Taiwan,  Thailand,  Malaysia  and  Republic  of  Korea  (2  each) 
Argentina,  Belarus,  Japan,  South  Africa  and  Turkey  (1  each).  Of  the  15  anti-subsidy 
measures in place the majority concern imports from China (7) and India (5), USA was 
subject to two measures and Turkey to one measure.  

Regarding  anti-dumping measures, one has to look at the trade volume of the products 
concerned,  which  varies  considerably  depending  on  the  investigation  concerned.  It 
should be noted that in 2016, only 0,27%5 of total imports into the EU was affected by 
anti-dumping  or  anti-subsidy  measures.  Table  1  below  provides  statistical  information 
on the new investigations for the years 2012 – 2016. Although comprehensive data are 
not available, the expiry review investigations show, in many cases, that the imposition 
of measures leads to a significant reduction of the imports of the product concerned.  

TABLE 1 

Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy new investigations 
during the period 1 January 2012 - 31 December 20166 

Investigations in progress at the beginning of the 
period 
Investigations initiated during the period
Investigations in progress during the period
Investigations concluded : 
- 
of undertakings 
- 
Total investigations concluded during the period
Investigations in progress at the end of period
Provisional measures imposed during the period

terminations7 

imposition of definitive duty or acceptance 

2012
21

2013
28

2014 
11

2015 
20 

2016
20

19
40

3 

9
12
28
9

9
37

15 

11
26
11
6

16
27

3 

4
7
20
2

14 
34 

11 

3 
14 
20 
10 

15
35

7 

8 
15
20
9 

3.2. 

Review investigations 

Anti-dumping measures, including price undertakings, may be subject, under the basic 
anti-dumping  Regulation,  to  five  different  types  of  reviews:  expiry  reviews  (Article 
11(2)),  interim  reviews  (Article  11(3)),  newcomer  investigations  (Article  11(4)), 
absorption investigations (Article 12) and circumvention investigations (Article 13).  

Also anti-subsidy measures may be subject, under the basic anti-subsidy Regulation, to 
five different types of reviews: expiry reviews (Article 18), interim reviews (Article 19), 

5 
6 

7 

EN 

initiation  of  a  case  concerning  several  countries 

Source Comext. 
The 
investigations/proceedings per country involved. 
Investigations  might  be  terminated  for  reasons  such  as  the  withdrawal  of  the  complaint,  de 
minimis dumping or injury, etc. 

is  accounted  as  separate 

15 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
absorption  investigations  (Article  19(3)),  accelerated  reviews  (Article  20)  and 
circumvention investigations (Article 23). 

These reviews continue to represent a major part of the work of the Commission's TDI 
services.  In  the  period  from  2012  to  2016,  a  total  of  144  review  investigations  were 
initiated. These review investigations represented 66% of all investigations initiated in 
that period.  

In  2016,  16  reviews  were  initiated.  These  comprised  13  expiry  reviews,  2  interim 
reviews, and 1 anti-circumvention investigation. 

An  overview  of  the  review  investigations  in  2016  can  be  found  in  Annexes  F  to  K. 
Table 2 provides statistical information for the years 2012 – 2016. 

TABLE 2 

Reviews of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations 
during the period 1 January 2012 - 31 December 20168 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

21 

37 

58 

32 

26 

26 

36 

62 

39 

23 

23 

22 

45 

27 

18 

18 

33 

51 

36 

15 

15 

16 

31 

24 

7 

Reviews in progress at the beginning of the period 

Reviews initiated during the period 

Reviews in progress during the period 

Total reviews concluded during the period9 

Reviews in progress at the end of the period 

4. 

OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES IN 2016 

4.1. 

New investigations 

4.1.1. 

Initiations 

In 2016, 14 new anti-dumping investigations and 1 new anti-subsidy investigation were 
initiated.  There  was  no  safeguard 
initiated.  The  anti-dumping 
investigations involved 9 different products from 9 different countries. Details of these 
investigations  are  given  in  Annex  A.  The  country  most  affected  by  the  anti-dumping 
investigations is the Peoples' Republic of China (China) with 5 investigations. The anti-
subsidy  investigation  also  concerned  China.  The  main  sector  concerned  by  these  new 
cases is Iron and steel.  

investigation 

In the five-year period from 2012 to 2016, 73 investigations were initiated on imports 
from  9  countries.  The  sectors  concerned  by  the  investigations  are  iron  and  steel  –  40 
investigations, chemical and allied – 10 investigations, other - 13 investigations, other 
metals  –  3  investigations,  textiles  and  allied  -  3  investigations,  electronics  2 

8 

9 

EN 

initiation  of  a  case  concerning  several  countries 

The 
investigations/proceedings per country involved. 
Investigations  which  were  conducted  and  concluded  under  the  specific  provisions  of  the 
Regulation  imposing  the  original  measures  are  not  counted  as  there  was  no  publication  of  the 
initiation. 

is  accounted  as  separate 

16 

   EN 

 
 
                                                 
investigations,  and  other  mechanical  engineering  and  wood  and  paper  1  investigation 
each. A breakdown of the product sectors is given in Annex B(A). 

The breakdown of the countries concerned by initiations during the period from 2012 to 
2016 include China - 31 investigations, India - 8, Indonesia, Turkey Russia - 4 Taiwan, 
Korea-  3  each,  Argentina,  Brazil,  Ukraine -  2  each,  Belarus,  Iran,  Georgia,  Japan,  the 
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Mexico, Serbia, Thailand, USA and Vietnam 
- 1 each. A table showing all the investigations initiated over the last five years broken 
down by country of export is at Annex B(B). 

The list of cases initiated in 2016 can be found below, together with the names of the 
complainants.  More  information  can  be  obtained  from  the  Official  Journal  to  which 
reference is given in Annex A. 

Product – Type of investigation (AD or AS)

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron (other than 
cast iron) or steel (other than stainless steel), of 
circular cross section, of an external diameter 
exceeding 406,4 mm AD 

Country of 
origin

China 

Complainant 

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or 
other alloy steel AD 

China 

Heavy plate of non-alloy or other alloy steel 
AD 

China 

Lightweight thermal paper AD 

South Korea 

Concrete reinforcement bars and rods (rebars) 
AD 

Belarus 

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

European Thermal Paper 
Association (ETPA) 

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or 
other alloy steel AD 

Brazil, Iran, 
Russia, Serbia, 
Ukraine 

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

Purified terephthalic acid AD 

Rep. Of Korea 

Corrosion resistant steels AD 

Cast iron articles AD 

China

China, India

BP Aromatics Limited 
NV, Artland PTA SA and 
Indorama Ventures 
Quimica S.L.U. 

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

Fondatel Lecompte SA, 
Ulefos Niemisen Valimo 
Oy Ltd, Saint-Gobain 
PAM SA, Fonderies 

EN 

17 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dechaumont SA, 
Heinrich Meier 
Eisengießerei GmbH & 
Co. KG, Saint-Gobain 
Construction Products UK 
Ltd and Fundiciones de 
Odena SA 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or 
other alloy steel AS 

China

The European Steel 
Association (Eurofer) 

4.1.2.  Provisional measures 

In  2016,  provisional  duties  were  imposed  in  9  anti-dumping  investigations.  No 
provisional measures were imposed in anti-subsidy investigations which typically run in 
parallel  to  anti-dumping  investigation  and  were  the  provisional  anti-dumping  duty 
already provides relief to the Union industry.  

The list of cases where provisional measures were imposed during 2016 can be found 
below, together with the measure(s) imposed. More information can be obtained from 
the Official Journal to which reference is given in Annex C. 

Originating from  Type 10 and level of measure 

Product 
High fatigue performance steel 
concrete reinforcement bars 

Cold-rolled flat steel products 

China 

China  

Russia 

Aspartame 
Heavy plate of non-alloy or other 
alloy steel 

China

China 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

China 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron 
(other than cast iron) or steel 
(other than stainless steel), of 
circular cross section, of an 
external diameter exceeding 406,4 
mm 

China 

AD 9,2% -13% 

AD 

China: 13,8% - 16% 
Russia: 19,8% - 26,2% 

AD 55,4% - 59,4% 

AD 65,1% - 73,7% 

AD 45,4% - 81,1% 

Lightweight thermal paper 

Rep. Of Korea 

AD 12,1%

10 

AD = anti-dumping duty, CVD = countervailing duty, UT = undertaking. 

EN 

18 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
Concrete reinforcement bars and 
rods (rebars) 

Belarus 

AD 12,5%

4.1.3.  Definitive measures 

During 2016, definitive duties were imposed in 6 anti-dumping investigations and in 1 
anti-subsidy  investigations.  The  list  of  cases  where  definitive  measures  were  imposed 
during  2015  can  be  found  below,  together  with  the  measure(s)  imposed.  More 
information  can  be  obtained  from  the  Official  Journal  to  which  reference  is  given  in 
Annex D.  

Product 

Originating from 

Type11 and level of measure  

Tubes and pipes of ductile 
cast iron 

Sodium cyclamate (limited 
to two Chinese exporting 
producers Fang Da Food 
Additive (Shen Zhen) 
Limited and Fang Da Food 
Additive (Yang Quan) 
Limited) 

High fatigue performance 
steel concrete reinforcement 
bars 

Aspartame 

Cold-rolled flat steel 
products 

Tubes and pipes of ductile 
cast iron 

India 

AD 0 - 14.1% 

AD EUR 1,17 / kg 

China 

China 

China 

AD 18,4% - 22,5% 

AD 55,4% - 59,4% 

China, Russia 

AD 
China: 19,7% - 22,1% 
Russia: 18,4% - 36,1% 

India 

AS 4,1% - 19% 

4.1.4.  Details on individual cases  

Tubes and pipes of ductile cast iron from India (AD ) 

In December 2014, the Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on imports 
of tubes and pipes of ductile cast iron originating in India, following a complaint lodged 
by Saint-Gobain PAM Group, on behalf of producers representing more than 25% of the 
Union  production  of  the  product  concerned.  In  March  2015,  the  Commission  initiated 
an anti-subsidy investigation regarding imports of the same product from India on the 
basis of a complaint also lodged by Saint-Gobain PAM Group.  

11 

AD = anti-dumping duty, CVD = countervailing duty, UT = undertaking. 

EN 

19 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

The product concerned is tubes and pipes of ductile cast iron originating in India which 
fall under CN codes 73030010 and ex 7330090. The investigation period for dumping 
was from 1 October 2013 to 30 December 2014 and for injury covered the period from 
1 January 2010 to the end of December 2014. 

Dumping  

The  dumping  margins  ranged  between  4,1%  for  Electrosteel  Casting  and  19,0%  for 
Jindal Saw Ltd (which equals the country-wide margin).  

Injury and causation 

Most  of  the  injury  indicators  showed  a  negative  trend  in  the  period  considered.  The 
Union consumption decreased by 7% during the period considered yet the Indian import 
volumes increased by more than 10% during the period, despite the shrinking market. In 
the same period, the Indian exporting producers market share increased by almost 18%. 
The market share of the Union industry decreased by 4%, while its sales in the Union 
market  decreased  by  11%.  The  EU  capacity  utilisation  remained  low  throughout  the 
whole investigation period slightly increasing near the end as compared to the beginning 
of  the  period  considered.  Even  though  the  Union  industry,  to  some  extent,  recovered 
during the investigation period from the negative results incurred in 2012 and 2013, its 
profitability overall decreased during the period considered and was, by the end of the 
investigation  period  only  1,5%-2,0%,  well  below  the  target  profit,  which  was 
established at 5%.  

The dumped imports from India undercut the Union industry prices by 30% during the 
investigation period. Indian exporters claimed that the injury to the Union industry was 
a result of the fall in consumption. However, even when consumption started to improve 
the Union industry was unable to benefit owing to the presence of increasing dumped 
imports  from  India.  Hence,  the  Commission  concluded  that  the  material  injury  to  the 
Union industry was caused by the dumped imports from India and that others factors did 
not break the causal link.  

Union interest and definitive measures 

The  Commission  examined  if  it  was  in  the  Union  interest  to  adopt  measures  against 
India  in  this  case  and  analysed  the  interests  of  the  Union  industry,  importers, 
distributors,  users  and  assessed  potential  competition  policy  issues.  In  this  context 
concerns  were  expressed  by  interested  parties  regarding  the  alleged  almost  dominant 
position  of  the  EU  producer  and  the  fact  that  it  had  production  facilities  in  China.  In 
particular,  concerns  were  expressed  that,  if  measures  were  imposed  against  Indian 
imports, these could be replaced by imports from the complainant's production in China 
thereby further strengthening its dominant position.  

The  investigation  demonstrated  that  imports  into  the  Union  from  the  complainant's 
related Chinese facilities were insignificant during the investigation period. There were 
also  no  indications  that  the  complainant  would,  in  the  future,  use  those  Chinese 
production facilities to replace Indian imports should measures be imposed. Moreover, 
there  are  several  producers  located  in  third  countries  (China,  Turkey,  Russia,  and 
Switzerland)  who  are  already  selling  to  the  Union  market  with  their  sales  volumes 
during the period low and declining. It was concluded that it was not against the Union 
interest to impose measures.  

EN 

20 

   EN 

 
In  view  of  the  dumping  margins  found  and  the  resulting  injury  caused  to  the  Union 
industry,  definitive  anti-dumping  duties  of  14,1%  on  the  product  concerned  were 
imposed in March 2016. A countervailing duty of 9% was imposed at the same time. 

High fatigue performance steel concrete reinforcement bars from China (AD) 

In  April  2015,  the  Commission  initiated  an  anti-dumping  investigation  on  imports  of 
high fatigue performance steel concrete reinforcement bars (‘HFP rebars’) originating in 
China on the basis of a complaint lodged by Eurofer on behalf of producers representing 
more  than  25%  of  the  total  Union  production  of  HFP  rebars.  In  December  2015,  the 
Commission, following a request by the complainant, the imports of HFP rebars from 
China were made subject to registration. 

Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

The  product  concerned  is  high  fatigue  performance  steel  concrete  reinforcement  bars, 
currently  falling  within  CN  codes  ex  7214  20  00,  ex  7228  30  20,  ex  7228  30  41,  ex 
7228 30 49, ex 7228 30 61, ex 7228 30 69, ex 7228 30 70 and ex 7228 30 89. 

The investigation period for dumping was 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015 and for injury 
from 1 January 2011 to the end of March 2015. 

Dumping  

None of the exporting producers claimed Market Economy Treatment (MET) pursuant 
to  Article  2(7)(b)  of  the  basic  Regulation.  Therefore,  normal  value  for  China  was 
determined  on  the  basis  of  the  price  or  constructed  value  in  an  analogue  country, 
namely  South  Africa,  in  accordance  with  Article  2(7)(a)  of  the  basic  Regulation.  The 
Commission then compared the normal value and the export price on an ex-works basis. 
Adjustments  were  made  where  appropriate  to  ensure  a  fair  comparison  in  accordance 
with  Article  2(10)  of  the  basic  Regulation.  The  resulting  dumping  margins  ranged 
between 48,1% and 62,1%.  

Injury and causation 

Despite the fact that there was an increase in consumption in the period considered, the 
Union  industry  did  not  benefit  from  this  increase.  From  2013  onwards,  the  economic 
situation  of  the  Union  industry  deteriorated.  Indicators  such  as  production  and  sales 
volume  of  the  Union  industry  stagnated  despite  a  continued  increase  in  Union 
consumption.  The  market  share  of  the  Union  industry  dropped  significantly  as  the 
increased  Union  consumption  was  met  by  a  rapid  increase  of  Chinese  imports. 
Profitability and cash flow of the Union industry were seriously affected with a drop by 
4 percentage points in the former as a result of the price pressure which prevailed in the 
Union  market.  As  a  result  of  not  being  able  to  maintain  profitable  prices,  the  Union 
industry  became  loss-making  as  a  consequence  -  average  sales  prices  of  the  Union 
industry decreased by 16% from 2012 to the IP. Based on all this, it was concluded that 
the Union industry suffered material injury. 

Regarding the causality analysis, it was found that there was a substantial increase in the 
volume and market share of the dumped imports from China in the period considered at 
prices  which  were  undercutting  the  Union  producers  prices  -  undercutting  margins 
ranged from 8,3% to 11,8%. The imports from China coincided with the deterioration of 
the  financial  situation  of  the  Union  industry  as  of  2013.  Despite  the  recovery  in 
consumption,  the  Union  industry  was  unable  to  benefit.  Other  known  factors  which 
were  examined  were  the  effects  of  the  economic  crisis  as  well  as  claims  by  Chinese 
parties that prices of the main raw material used by Union producers (scrap rather than 

EN 

21 

   EN 

 
iron  ore)  were  increasing.  These  proved  not  to  be  the  case  and  the  investigation 
confirmed that these other factors did not break the causal link established between the 
dumped imports from China and the injury suffered by the Union industry.  

Union interest and definitive measures 

The  Commission  examined  whether  it  could  clearly  conclude  that  it  was  not  in  the 
Union  interest  to  adopt  measures  in  this  case,  despite  the  determination  of  injurious 
dumping.  

Regarding the impact of measures on users, the investigation showed that, during the IP, 
the average profitability of the cooperating unrelated users on the sales incorporating the 
product concerned was 1% on turnover. The Commission examined the impact on users 
if  they  would  continue  purchasing  from  China  and  were  unable  to  pass  any  price 
increase on to the distribution chain. It concluded that, in that scenario, given the high 
percentage  of  their  turnover  represented  by  imports  of  the  product  concerned  they 
would ultimately become loss-making. However, it was found that there would be other 
sources of supply including from the Union industry who had spare capacity, as well as 
continued  possibilities  to  import  from  China  once  the  trade  distorting  effects  of 
dumping were removed. In any event the duty rates proposed were moderate and were 
unlikely to completely eliminate imports from China, which could continue to enter the 
Union market at fair prices. 

Some interested parties argued that the imposition of measures would have a negative 
impact  on  the  importers.  The  importers  would  be  unable  to  pass  on  price  increases  to 
customers,  which  would lead  them to losses.  Considering  their  narrow  profit  margins, 
they  would  risk  going  out  of  business.  As  with  the  case  concerning  users  the 
investigation  found  that  the  importers  would  be  able  to  continue  their  activity  by 
importing  from  other  sources  of  supply  and  also  from  China  at  non-injurious  prices 
following the imposition of the duties.  

One  interested  party  claimed  that  imposing  measures  for  the  entire  Union  would  be 
unnecessary since imports from China are directed only to UK and Ireland. However the 
Commission noted that even though the consumption is limited to UK and Ireland, the 
Union  industry  is  located  in  several  Member  States  and  therefore  the  Union  interest 
must be assessed concerning the entire Union. Given the intra-Union trade flows of the 
product concerned between UK, Ireland and the other Member States, measures must be 
imposed for the entire Union in order for them to be efficient.  

In  summary,  none  of  the  arguments  put  forward  by  the  interested  parties  demonstrate 
that there were compelling reasons against the imposition of measures on imports of the 
product  concerned  from  China.  When  considering  the  overall  impact  of  the  anti-
dumping measures on the Union market, the positive effects, in particular on the Union 
industry,  appeared  to  outweigh  the  potential  negative  impacts  on  the  other  interest 
groups.  

As a result the investigation concluded that definitive anti-dumping measures should be 
imposed  on  the  imports  of  the  product  concerned  at  the  level  of  the  injury  margin,  in 
accordance  with  the  lesser  duty  rule.  Consequently,  the  Commission  imposed  a 
definitive anti-dumping duty ranging from 18,4% to 22,5% for imports  of HFP rebars 
originating in China 

Aspartame (AD)  

EN 

22 

   EN 

 
In  May  2015,  the  Commission  initiated  an  anti-dumping  investigation  on  imports  of 
aspartame  originating  in  China,  following  a  complaint  lodged  on  16  April  2015  by 
Ajinomoto  Sweeteners  Europe  SAS  (‘ASE’),  the  sole  producer  of  aspartame  in  the 
Union. 

Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

The  product  concerned  is  aspartame  originating  in  China,  currently  falling  within  CN 
code ex 2924 29 98. The investigation of dumping covered the period form 1 April 2014 
to 31 March 2015 and injury covered the period from 1 January 2011 to the end March 
2015. 

Dumping  

Regarding China, one exporting producer claimed Market Economy Treatment ('MET') 
pursuant  to  Article  2(7)(b)  of  the  basic  Regulation  but  was  refused  as  the  applicant 
failed to demonstrate that it was not subject to significant distortions carried over from 
the non-market economy system. The investigation revealed that the company benefited 
from preferential tax regime(s), grants and preferential land-use right transfer price and 
therefore  did  not  fulfil  the  requirements  for  MET.  Therefore,  normal  value  for  China 
was determined on the basis of the price or constructed value in a market economy third 
country,  namely  Japan  as  the  analogue  country,  and  in  particular  the  producer 
Ajinomoto Co., Japan (‘Ajinomoto Japan’), the parent company of the complainant. The 
Commission then compared the normal value and the export price on an ex-works basis. 
Adjustments were made where appropriate to ensure a fair comparison and the resulting 
dumping margins ranged between 121,4% und 126%.  

Injury and causation 

Most economic indicators (with the exception of market share and production capacity) 
showed  a  negative  trend  during  the  period  considered.  In  particular,  the  investigation 
established  that  due  to  the  high  volumes  of  dumped  Chinese  imports  that  were 
significantly undercutting the Union prices (by 21,1% during the investigation period) 
the  Union  industry  had  no  other  choice  than  to  decrease  its  sales  prices  despite  its 
worsening cost situation, which had a direct negative impact on its profitability, cash-
flow, investments and return on investment. The significant deterioration of those injury 
indicators was therefore a clear sign of material injury. 

The  investigation  showed  that  the  continuous  price  pressure  of  Chinese  imports 
combined with their strong presence on the Union market caused material injury to the 
Union industry. The already low prices of Chinese imports decreased markedly during 
the  period  considered  and  this  price  decrease  could  only  be  in  part  explained  by  the 
trends in the raw material prices. The depressed prices had a direct negative impact on 
the  Union  industry's  profitability  and  contributed  to  it  becoming  loss-making  on  the 
Union  market.  The  Commission  considered  the  effects  of  all  other  known  factors  that 
may have contributed to the injury suffered by the Union industry, including the decline 
in Union consumption as a result of health concerns and the replacement of the product 
with other sweeteners. However the investigation found that the Union industry adapted 
to  the  decrease  in  demand  by  adjusting  its  production  process  to  a  lower  out-put  rate. 
The  export  performance  of  the  Union  industry  was  also  examined  and  while  it 
contributed to the injury suffered it was not found to be such as to break the causal link. 
As a result it  was concluded that the dumped imports had indeed caused injury to the 
EU industry.  

EN 

23 

   EN 

 
Union interest and definitive measures 

The Commission examined whether it could clearly conclude that it was in the Union 
interest  to  adopt  measures  in  this  case  due  to  injurious  dumping.  The  investigation 
analysed  the  interest  of  the  Union  industry,  importers,  distributors,  users  and  assessed 
potential competition policy issues.  

One  interested  party  claimed  that  the  imposition  of  measures  would  be  against  the 
Union interest as the proposed measures would effectively close the Union market from 
the  Chinese  exporting  producers  leaving  users  with  a  single  source  of  supply  (i.e.  the 
Union  industry).  According  to  the  interested  party,  this  also  meant  that  the  measures 
would put the Union industry into a dominant market position which it would be able to 
take  full  advantage  of.  However,  the  Commission  found  that  there  are  alternative 
sources  available  to  the  users  including  considerable  production  in  Japan.  The 
investigation found that if the dumping practices were allowed to continue unchecked, 
the  Union  industry,  in  all  likelihood,  would  be  forced  to  quit  the  market  altogether 
leaving users with the only alternative of importation which was considered not to be in 
the  Union  interest.  The  maintenance  of  production  in  the  Union  was  considered 
essential to ensure competition.  

As  a  result  the  investigation  concluded  that  there  were  no  compelling  reasons  not  to 
impose  measures  on  imports  of  the  product  concerned  originating  in  China. 
Consequently,  the  Commission  imposed  a  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  ranging  from 
55,4% to 59,4% for imports of aspartame originating in China in July 2016. 

Cold-rolled flat steel products (AD) 

In May 2014, the Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on imports into 
the Union of certain flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, originating in  China 
and Russia, following a complaint by Eurofer on behalf of producers representing more 
than 25% of the total Union production of the product concerned. In February 2016, the 
Commission,  following  a  request  by  the  complainant,  made  imports  of  the  product 
concerned from the countries concerned subject to registration.  

Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

The product  concerned is  iron or non-alloy steel, or other alloy steel but excluding of 
stainless steel, currently falling within CN codes ex 7209 15 00, 7209 16 90, 7209 17 
90, 7209 18 91, ex 7209 18 99, ex 7209 25 00, 7209 26 90, 7209 27 90, 7209 28 90, 
7211 23 30, ex 7211 23 80, ex 7211 29 00, 7225 50 80, 7226 92 00. The investigation 
of  dumping  covered  the  period  from  1  April  2014  to  31  March  2015  and  for  the 
assessment  of  injury  covered  the  period  from  1  January  2010  to  the  end  of  the 
investigation period. 

Dumping  

None  of  the  exporting  producers  in  China  claimed  Market  Economy  Treatment. 
Therefore normal value was determined for China on the basis of data from an analogue 
country, namely Canada.   

Regarding Russia, the normal value was calculated on the basis of prices paid in Russia 
as well constructed in some instances. The export prices were established on the basis of 
prices actually paid or payable on the EU market. The Commission then compared the 
normal  values  and  the  export  prices  on  an  ex-works  basis  making  adjustments  where 

EN 

24 

   EN 

 
 
necessary.  The  resulting  dumping  margins  ranged  between  52,7%  and  59,2%  for 
CHINA and ranged between 18,7% and 38,9% for Russia. 

Injury and causation 

Most of the injury indicators of the Union industry showed a negative trend during the 
period  considered.  Production  decreased  by  5%,  leading  to  a  decrease  in  the  capacity 
utilisation by 8%. Stable sales volumes in a growing market led to a decrease of market 
share  of  5%.  Employment  decreased  by  11%  while  labour  costs  increased  by  8%. 
Investments  decreased  by  17%  while  return  on  investments  remained  negative 
throughout  the  period  considered  and  showed  a  worsening  trend.  On  the  other  hand, 
production capacity and productivity showed a slightly positive trend. In any event, this 
increase in production capacity was in line with the increase of consumption during the 
period considered. 

The  continuously  lowering  unit  sales  price  of  the  dumped  imports  meant  that  the 
producers from the countries concerned were able to significantly increase their market 
share  from  2011  (14,3%)  to  the  investigation  period  (20,1%).  These  dumped  imports 
were also found to have undercut the Union industry prices by between 9,6% and 11,3% 
during  the  investigation  period.  Other  factors  were  examined  in  relation  to  causation 
including  the  economic  crisis,  allegations  that  the  Union  industry  is  not  sufficiently 
competitive  and/or  efficient,  the  imports  from  third  countries,  the  role  of  non-
complainants, the export sales performance of the Union producers or the overcapacity 
of  the  Union  industry.  The  investigation  found  that  the  crisis  and  the  decrease  in 
consumption  as  well  as  the  rationalisation  of  the  Union  industry  may  have  somewhat 
contributed  to  the  injury.  However  it  also  found  that  the  ever  decreasing  prices  of 
dumped  imports  exacerbated  the  decline  in  the  situation  of  the  Union  industry.  In 
particular,  sales  prices  would  not  have  dropped  to  such  low  levels  and  better 
profitability would have been achieved in the absence of dumping. 

In light of this, the Commission concluded that the material injury to the Union industry 
was caused by the dumped imports from the countries concerned and that other factors 
considered did not break the causal link. 

Union interest and definitive measures 

The  Commission  examined  whether  it  was  in  the  Union  interest  to  adopt  measures  in 
this case, despite the determination of injurious dumping. The investigation analysed the 
interest  of  the  Union  industry,  importers,  distributers,  users  and  assessed  potential 
competition policy issues. 

The  majority  of  the  Union  industry  supported  the  imposition  of  measures  while  the 
largest  Union  producer  (Outokumpu)  remained  silent.  Importers  and  distributors, 
including  steel  service  centres,  were  very  active  in  this  investigation  expressing 
opposition to the imposition of measures  arguing that their possible sources of supply 
would be limited by the imposition of measures. However, the investigation found that 
all importers and distributors buy from multiple sources including the Union industry, 
the countries concerned and other third countries and as such would continue to have a 
choice  of  sources  of  supply.  A  number  of  exporting  producers  and  distributors 
expressed concerns regarding possible negative effects of measures on users. However, 
users themselves did not share these concerns and the degree of participation of users in 
the case remained very low.  

EN 

25 

   EN 

 
As  a  result  the  investigation  concluded  that  there  were  no  compelling  Union  interest 
reasons  against  the  imposition  of  measures  in  this  case  and  consequently,  the 
Commission imposed definitive anti-dumping duties ranging from 19,7% to 22,1% for 
imports  of  the  product  concerned  from  China,  and  ranging  from  18,7%  to  36,1%  on 
imports from Russia.   

4.1.5. 

Investigations terminated without measures 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  respective  basic  Regulations,  investigations 
may be terminated without the imposition of measures if a complaint is withdrawn or if 
measures  are  unnecessary  (i.e.  no  dumping/no  subsidies,  no  injury  resulting  from 
dumped  or  subsidised  imports,  measures  not  in  the  interest  of  the  Union).  In  2016,  8 
new  proceedings  (7  anti-dumping  and  1  anti-subsidy)  were  terminated  without 
measures, compared to 3 in 2015 and 4 in 2014.  

The list of cases which were terminated without the imposition of measures during 2016 
can be found in the following table. More information can be obtained from the Official 
Journal to which reference is given in Annex E. 

Product (type of 
investigation12) 

Tartaric Acid (Hangzhou 
Bioking Biochemical 
Engineering Co. Ltd) 
Silicon Manganese 

Ceramic foam filters 

Originating from 

Main reason for termination 

China 

India 

China 

Lack of material injury 

No causal link 
Withdrawal of complaint 

Manganese oxides 

European sea bass and 
gilthead sea bream 

Brazil, Georgia, 
India, Mexico 

Turkey 

Withdrawal of complaint 

Withdrawal of complaint 

4.1.6.  Details on some individual cases 

Silicon Manganese (AD) 

In December 2014, the Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on imports 
of silico-manganese originating in India, following a complaint lodged by the Comité de 
Liaison des Industries de Ferro-Alliages (‘Euroalliages’ or ‘the complainant’) on behalf 
of three Union producers representing more than 25% of the total Union producers.  

Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

is  silico-manganese  (including  ferro-silico-manganese) 
The  product  concerned 
originating in India, currently falling within CN codes numbers ex 7202 30 00 and ex 
8111 00 11. The investigation of dumping covered the period from 1 October 2013 to 
30 September 2014 and injury covered the period from 1 January 2011 to the end of the 
September 2014.  

Dumping  

12 

AD  =  anti-dumping  investigation;  AS  =  anti-subsidy  investigation,  AD  +  AS  =  parallel  anti-
dumping and anti-subsidy investigation. 

EN 

26 

   EN 

 
 
 
                                                 
The  Commission  compared  the  normal  value  and  the  export  price  of  the  exporting 
producers  on  an  ex-works  basis  making  adjustments  for  differences  affecting  price 
comparability  where  necessary.  The  resulting  dumping  margins  ranged  between  3,4% 
and 25,1%. 

Injury and causation 

Factors such as the evolution of the production volume, the capacity utilisation as well 
as sales volume and price displayed a clear negative trend for the entire Union industry.  

As regards the two cooperating Union producers, the indicators showed that they were 
loss-making  throughout  the  period  considered.  While  their  sales  price  and  volume  of 
silico-manganese  decreased  constantly  this  was  not  sufficiently  compensated  by  a 
reduction  in  the  cost  of  production.  Other  indicators  such  as  cash  flow,  return  on 
investment were negative as well throughout the period or followed a downward trend. 
Even though not all economic sectors and indices showed negative trends, most of them 
showed a negative situation for the two cooperating union producers. 

However,  the  investigation  established  that  there  was  not  the  necessary  correlation 
between  the  increase  in  volume  of  the  dumped  imports  and  the  injury  suffered  by  the 
two cooperating Union producers. In addition, the market share of the dumped imports 
increased  in  the  period  considered,  but  only  from  (18%/24%)  to  (23%/30%).  The 
market share did not show a continuously increasing trend, and prices did not, or hardly, 
undercut the prices of the Union industry.  

In  view  of  the  lack  of  coincidence  in  time  between  the  deterioration  in  the  economic 
situation of the cooperating Union producers and the trends of volume and market share 
of the dumped imports of silico-manganese from India, the Commission concluded that 
the  dumped  imports  had  not  caused  material  injury  to  the  Union  industry.  The 
investigation  did  not  find  that  the  volume  and/or  price  levels  of  the  Indian  dumped 
imports  were  responsible  for  the  injurious  situation  of  the  two  cooperating  producers, 
and hence no causal link between the dumped imports and the injurious situation of the 
Union industry could be established.  

Union interest and definitive measures 

Since the causal link between dumped imports from India and the injury suffered on by 
the  Union  industry  was  not  established,  the  Union  interest  was  not  examined. 
Consequently,  the  Commission  did  not  impose  any  measures  and  the  proceeding  was 
terminated in March 2016.  

Manganese oxides (AD) 

In December 2015, the Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on imports 
of certain manganese oxides originating in Brazil, Georgia, India and Mexico, following 
a complaint by Erachem Comilog, the sole producer of certain manganese oxides in the 
Union. Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

The product concerned is manganese oxides (chemical formula: MnO) with a purity in 
net weight of 50% and more, but less than 77% of manganese currently falling within 
CN codes ex 2820 90 90 and ex 2602 00 00.The investigation of dumping covered the 
period from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2015, and injury covered the period from 
1 January 2010 to the end of September 2015. 

Withdrawal of the complaint and termination of proceedings 

EN 

27 

   EN 

 
 
On 6 September 2016 the complainant addressed a letter to the Commission in order to 
withdraw  its  complaint.  The  investigation  did  not  identify  any  issues  showing  that  a 
termination of the case would not be in the Union interest. Interested parties were duly 
informed  of  the  intention  to  terminate  the  case  and  no  interested  party  objected.  As  a 
result,  the  Commission  terminated  the  anti-dumping  proceeding  in  December  2016 
without the imposition of measures.  

European sea bass and gilthead sea bream (AS) 

In  August  2015,  the  Commission  initiated  an  anti-subsidy  investigation  on  imports  of 
sea bass and gilthead sea bream originating in Turkey, following a complaint lodged by 
Asociación Empresarial de Productores de Cultivos Marinos (‘Apromar’), on behalf of 
producers  representing  more  than  25%  of  the  total  Union  production  of  European  sea 
bass and gilthead sea bream. 

Product concerned and investigation period (IP) 

The product concerned is sea bass and gilthead sea bream falling under CN codes 0302 
84  10,  0302  85  30,  0303  84  10,  0303  89  55,  ex  0304  49  90  and  ex  0304  89  90.  The 
investigation period for dumping was from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015, and for injury 
from 1 January 2012 to the end of June 2015. 

Withdrawal of the complaint and termination of the proceeding 

On 1 June 2016 the complainant addressed a letter to the Commission withdrawing the 
complaint. The  investigation did  not  identify any issues showing that a termination of 
the case would not be in the Union interest. Interested parties were duly informed of the 
intention  to  terminate  the  case  and  no  interested  party  objected.  As  a  result  the 
Commission  terminated  the  anti-dumping  proceeding  in  December  2016  without  the 
imposition of measures.  

4.2. 

Review investigations 

4.2.1.  Expiry reviews 

Article 11(2) and Article 18 respectively of the basic Regulations provide for the expiry 
of measures after five years, unless an expiry review demonstrates that they should be 
maintained in their original form. 

In 2016, 5 anti-dumping measures and no anti-subsidy measures expired automatically. 
The references for these measures are set out in Annex N. 

Since the expiry provision of the basic Regulations came into force in 1985, a total of 
503 measures have expired automatically. 

4.2.1.1.  Initiations 

During 2016, 11 expiry reviews were initiated of anti-dumping measures in place and 2 
concerning anti-subsidy measures. The list of the expiry reviews initiated in 2016 can be 
found  in  the  following  table,  together  with  the  name  of  the  complainant.  It  should  be 
noted  that  some  expiry  reviews  may  be  carried  out  in  parallel  with  interim  reviews. 
Where there are interim reviews and expiry reviews ongoing at the same time these are 
indiccted by an asterisk in the table below. More information can be obtained from the 
Official Journal to which reference is given in Annex F. 

Product (type of investigation AD or 
AS) 
Okoume plywood AD

Originating from

Complainant 

China

European Panel Federation

EN 

28 

   EN 

 
 
Filament glass fibre products AD 

China 

Tungsten carbide AD 

China 

Stainless steel bars and rods AD  

India 

Melamine AD  

China 

Coated fine paper (AD+AS) 

China 

Open mesh fabrics of glass fibres AD   China 

Barium carbonate AD  

Ceramic tiles AD  

China 

China 

Hand pallet trucks and their ess. parts 
AD  

China 

Seamless pipes and tubes of stainless 
steel AD  

Trichloroisocyanuric acid AD  

China 

China

"In the 

Defence Committee of the 
seamless steel tubes industry of 
the European Union 
"In the expiry of 2016 is written 
only 
Union producers" 
previous expiry of 2009 
European Association of Metals 
(Eurometaux)" 
The European Steel Association 
(Eurofer)
"Borealis
Agrolinz Melamine GmbH, 
DSM Melamine B.V. and 
Zaklady 
Azotowe Pulawy" 
Arctic Paper Grycksbo AB, 
Burgo Group SpA, Fedrigoni 
SpA, Lecta Group and Sappi 
Europe SA 
Alliance for the Defence of 
Open Mesh Fabrics 
Solvay & CPC Barium 
Strontium GmbH & Co. KG
European Ceramic Tile 
Manufacturers' Federation 
(CET)
Toyota Material Handling 
Manufacturing Sweden AB and 
PR Industrial S.r.l. 
Seamless Stainless Steel Tubes 
Industry of the European Union 
(‘ESTA’)
Ercros S.A. and Inquide S.A.

4.2.1.2.  Expiry reviews concluded with confirmation of duties 

During  2016,  5  expiry  reviews  were  concluded  with  confirmation  of  the  duties  for  a 
further five years.  

The  list  of  the  cases  which  were  concluded  with  confirmation  of  duty  during  2016, 
together with the result of the investigation, can be found below. More information can 
be obtained from the Official Journal to which reference is given in Annex F. 

Product 

Originating from 

Result  of  the  investigation/  Type13  and 
level of measure 

Ring binder 
mechanisms 

China 

Confirmation of duty (AD).  
Individual duty rate: 52,2% 
Residual: 78,8% 

13 

AD = anti-dumping duty, CVD = countervailing duty, UT = undertaking. 

EN 

29 

   EN 

 
 
                                                 
Molybdenum wires 

China 

Confirmation 
64,3% 

of 

duty 

(AD); 

Silicon metal (silicon) 

China 

Sodium cyclamate 

China 

Confirmation of duty (AD) 
Indiviudal duty rate: 16,3% 
Residual; 16,8% 

Confirmation 
Individual 
Residual: 0,26/kg 

duty 

of 

duty 

rate: 

(AD)
0,23/kg

Sodium cyclamate 

Indonesia 

Confirmation 
Individual 
Residual: 0,27/kg 

of 
duty 

duty 

rate: 

(AD). 
0,24/kg

4.2.1.3.  Details on some individual cases concluded by confirmation of duty  

Silicon metal (silicon) (AD)  

In  May  2015,  the  Commission  initiated  an  expiry  review  of  the  measures  imposed  on 
imports  of  silicon  originating  in  China.  The  request  was  lodged  by  Euroalliages  on 
behalf of producers representing 100% of the Union production of silicon. In September 
2015, the Commission initiated a partial interim review, limited to injury, with regard to 
the  same  measures.  The  interim  review  was  initiated  following  a  request  by  the 
European Users of Silicon Metal ("Eusmet"), an association of Union chemical users of 
silicon created for this investigation. 

Product concerned and IP 

The product concerned by this review is silicon currently falling within CN code 2804 
69 00 originating in China. The investigation of dumping and injury covered the period 
from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015. 

Dumping 

A sample of four out of ten exporting producers was selected.  

For  the  purposes  of  establishing  normal  value  the  USA  was  selected  as  the  analogue 
country. Despite arguments against this choice the Commission found that depite having 
only  one  producer  selling  onto  the  domestic  US  market,  there  are  imports  from  many 
sources in the US (including Canada, South Africa, Australia and Norway), both with 
and without import duties. The US producer estimated that imports covered almost 60% 
of total US market and that therefore the domestic market was competitive and prices 
representative.  As  for  export  prices,  three  of  the  sampled  exporting  producers  made 
export sales to the EU to a Chinese related company of the independent customer in the 
Union. Hence, there was no need to use constructed export prices. 

The  Commission  compared  the  normal  value  of  each  type  of  the  like  product  in  the 
analogue  country  with  the  export  prices  on  an  ex-works  basis.  Where  relevant, 
adjustments  were  made  in  respect  of  indirect  taxes,  transport,  insurance,  handling, 
loading  and  ancillary  costs,  and  packing  to  ensure  comparability.  As  a  result,  the 
Commission  found  dumping  margins  for  the  cooperating  exporting  producers, 

EN 

30 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
expressed as a percentage of the CIF Union frontier price duty unpaid, ranging between 
20% and 30%.  

Continuation of dumping 

Regarding the trends in prices of imports from China the investigation showed that all 
of  the  sampled  Chinese  cooperating  exporting  producers  were  selling  the  product 
concerned  to  users  in  the  Union,  who  were  found  to  be  using  the  inward  processing 
procedure (‘IPP’) whereby duties are not collected on the import of raw materials when 
the finished product is exported. As a result the Commission found that the low export 
prices found during the review investigation period, were a good indicator of the price 
of  imports  of  silicon  from  China  in  the  absence  of  the  anti-dumping  duty  in  force. 
Furthermore the investigation found that the prices of the sampled exporting producers 
to export markets other than the Union were in line with the export price to the Union. 
As  regards  the  export  volumes,  the  investigation  showed  that  the  Chinese  exporting 
producers  have  significant  spare  capacity  larger  than  total  Chinese  consumption  and 
larger than total consumption in the Union. There was no evidence found to suggest that 
this  spare  capacity  would  disappear  or  reduce  dramatically  in  the  near  future.  It  was 
concluded  that,  given  the  tariff  barriers  in  place  in  the  USA  and  other  markets  that 
should the measures lapse, a part of this significant spare capacity would be likely to be 
exported  to  the  Union.  In  addition  it  was  concluded  that  the  two  anti-circumvention 
measures in force concerning the product were additional evidence of the attractiveness 
of the Union market. As a result the Commission concluded that the dumped exports to 
the Union would be likely to continue if the measures were repealed.  

Injury and likelihood of recurrence of injury 

Many injury indicators such as production, capacity and sales volume showed a mixed 
picture. While they indicated a positive trend in absolute terms, the increase was so low 
that  it  did  not  allow  the  Union  industry  to  benefit  from  the  growth  in  the  market. 
Capacity utilisation and market share showed a negative trend. Employment increased 
by  4%  during  the  period  considered,  while  productivity  remained  stable.  Net 
investments  and  average  wages  per  employee  showed  also  a  negative  trend.  While 
trends  of  the  financial  indicators  such  as  profitability,  cash  flow  and  return  of 
investments  were  negative,  their  absolute  levels  did  not  show  a  sign  of  injury.  As  a 
result, the Commission concluded that the Union industry did not suffer material injury. 

The trends concerning prices and volumes of imports of the product concerned showed 
that the Chinese exporting producers significantly increased their export volumes to the 
Union by 82% despite the measures in force, holding a market share of ranging between 
17%  and  22%  during  the  review  investigation  period.  Imports  from  China  subject  to 
duties increased at an even higher rate of 121%,. In the same period the production of 
the Union industry increased by 3% and sales by 5%. It was mainly imports from China 
and Norway, and not the Union industry that replaced decreasing imports from Brazil 
and  led  to  the  9%  increase  in  the  Union  consumption  between  2011  and  the  review 
investigation  period.  Exporting  producers  in  China  have  significant  spare  capacity  to 
increase their exports very rapidly. In addition, the domestic prices in China and other 
third markets, for example Japan, are lower than prices on the Union market. Domestic 
prices in China and in Japan were more than 25% lower than in the Union during the 
review investigation period.  

Given the spare capacity and  low  prices of dumped  imports  on the  Union  market,  the 
attractiveness  of  the  Union  market  and  the  fact  that  other  markets  such  as  Australia, 

EN 

31 

   EN 

 
Canada and the USA have imposed anti-dumping duties against Chinese silicon, it was 
concluded that significant Chinese quantities currently sold to these markets could also 
be  redirected  to  the  Union  market  should  the  anti-dumping  measures  be  allowed  to 
lapse. In addition, the price levels of the Chinese imports subject to anti-dumping duty 
were  found  to  significantly  undercut  Union  industry's  prices  by  13,6%,  showing  the 
price levels at which Chinese exporting producers would likely enter the Union market 
in  the  absence  of  measures.  Therefore,  the  investigation  concluded  that  there  was  a 
likelihood of a further significant increase of Chinese imports at dumped and injurious 
prices leading to a recurrence of injury should the measures be allowed to lapse. 

Union interest 

The Commission examined whether the continued imposition of anti-dumping measures 
on imports of silicon originating in China would not be in the interest of the Union as a 
whole.  In  this  context  the  interests  of  the  Union  industry,  importers  and  users  were 
examined.  

The investigation on injury showed that the Union industry operations are viable when 
not subject to unfair competition by dumped imports.  

Only one unrelated importer submitted a sampling reply showing that the silicon trade 
constituted  only  around  10%  of  its  total  turnover.  The  importer  neither  opposed  nor 
supported the measures and it was concluded that it was not against the interest of the 
unrelated imports to maintain the measures in force.  

As regards the interests of users, the Commission examined information received from 
users in the chemical and aluminium industries. For the aluminium industry, silicon is 
only  marginally  needed  for  their  products  and  the  financial  effect  of  the  measures  on 
these users is low, due to the relatively low importance of silicon in their cost structure. 
For users in the chemical industry the investigation found that silicon is of significant 
importance  accounting  for  a  large  share  of  the  raw  materials  cost.  However,  the 
investigation found that these users almost exclusively import silicon under IPP, thereby 
being  exempted  from  the  anti-dumping  duty.  As  regards  the  security  of  supply  it  was 
concluded  that  the  measures  in  force  did  not  stop  Chinese  imports  from  entering  the 
Union  market.  These,  as  well  as  imports  from  Norway,  Brazil,  Russia,  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina,  and  a  number  of  other  countries  would  ensure  supply  where  the  Union 
industry would be unable to meet demand.  

The  lack  of  competition  on  the  Union  market  was  also  examined  given  the  fact  that 
there were in fact only two company groups manufacturing the product in the EU. The 
investigation found that the companies only held a market share of 30%, while imports 
from  a  number  of  third  countries  have  a  market  share  of  70%  giving  users  a  choice 
between silicon metal produced by the Union industry and silicon metal from a variety 
of other third countries. The Commission concluded that it was in the Union interest to 
maintain the measures on imports of silicon originating in China. 

In the context of the partial interim review the Commission examined the lasting nature 
of the changed circumstances relating mainly to the composition and the structure of the 
Union industry, to the silicon demand in the Union and to the Union supply pattern. The 
investigation did not reveal anything to suggest that the changed circumstances were not 
of a lasting nature.  

New injury elimination level and definitive measures  

EN 

32 

   EN 

 
The Commission established the injury elimination by first establishing the amount of 
duty  necessary  to  avoid  recurrence  of  injury  to  the  Union  industry.  Given  that  the 
Commission  found  that  the  sales  of  the  Union  industry  were  profitable,  the  injury 
elimination  level  was  established  at  the  level  of  the  sales  price  of  the  Union  industry 
during  the  review  investigation  period.  In  comparing  the  price  of  imports  the 
Commission  only  took  account  of  the  imports  subject  to  duties  and  imports  of  silicon 
made under IPP. The injury elimination level found was 16,8%.  

In view of the findings with regard to the expiry review, the Commission concluded that 
the anti-dumping measures applicable to imports of silicon originating in China should 
be maintained. In addition it was decided that the extension of measures for the product 
concerned  originating  in  China  to  imports  consigned  from  the  Republic  of  Korea  and 
from  Taiwan  following  previous  anti-circumvention  investigations  should  also  be 
maintained.  In  view  of  the  findings  in  the  interim  review  iit  was  concluded  that  the 
duties should be amended in accordance with the application of the lesser duty rule. As 
a  result,  definitive  anti-dumping  duties  on  imports  of  silicon  ranging  from  16,3%  to 
16,8% were imposed in July 2016.  

4.2.1.4.  Reviews concluded by termination 

During 2016, two expiry reviews were concluded by termination.  

Product 

Originating from

Fasteners, iron or steel  China 

Reason for termination 
WTO Dispute Settlement - Inconsistency with 
the ADA 

Malaysia 

4.2.2. 

Interim reviews 

Article 11(3) and Article 19 of the basic Regulations provide for the review of measures 
during  their  period  of  validity  on  the  initiative  of  the  Commission,  at  the  request  of  a 
Member State or, provided that at least one year has lapsed since the imposition of the 
definitive measure, following a request containing sufficient evidence by an exporter, an 
importer  or  by  the  EU  producers.  In  carrying  out  the  investigations,  it  is  considered, 
inter  alia,  whether  the  circumstances  with  regard  to  dumping/subsidization  and  injury 
have changed significantly and whether these changes are of a lasting nature. Reviews 
can be limited to dumping/subsidization or injury aspects. 

During  2016,  2  interim  reviews  were  initiated  (anti-dumping).  There  were  4  interim 
reviews concluded with amendment of the duties, 4 were concluded without amending 
the  duties  and  no  interim  reviews  led  to  the  termination  of  the  measures.  The  list  of 
cases  which  were  concluded  during  2016  by  amending  the  duties,  together  with  the 
result of the investigation, can be found below. More information can be obtained from 
the Official Journal to which reference is given in Annex G. 

Product 

Originating from 

Steel ropes and cables 

Ukraine 

Result 
investigation/ Type14  

of 

the 

Amended  duty  for  PJSC 
‘Stalkanat-Silur’– 
‘PA’ 

14 

AD = anti-dumping, AS = anti-subsidy, UT = undertaking. 

EN 

33 

   EN 

 
 
                                                 
Tube and pipe fittings, of iron or 
steel 

South Korea, 
Malaysia 

Silicon metal (silicon) 

China 

10,7% - AD 

Duties  for  South  Korea 
amended 
ranging 
between 32,4'% and 44% 

Duty  levels  amended  to 
16,3% - 16,8% 

4.2.2.1.  Details on individual cases 

Steel ropes and cables from Ukraine (AD)  

In  November  2014,  the  Commission  initiated  a  partial  interim  review  with  regard  to 
imports into the Union of steel ropes and cables originating in Ukraine. The review was 
initiated  following  a  request  by  PJSC  ‘PA’  ‘Stalkanat-Silur’,  an  exporting  producer 
from Ukraine. The applicants provided prima facie evidence that the changes due to the 
merger of, inter alia, two unrelated exporting producers in Ukraine (only one of which 
was previously investigated individually), are of a lasting nature.  

The applicant alleged that the dumping margin of the applicant was significantly lower 
than the current level of the measures and that, as a result, the continued imposition of 
the  measures  at  the  existing  level  was  no  longer  necessary  to  offset  the  effects  of 
injurious dumping. 

Product concerned and IP 

The  product  concerned  by  this  review  were  steel  ropes  and  cables,  falling  within  CN 
code(s) ex 7312 10 81, ex 7312 10 83, ex 7312 10 85, ex 7312 10 89 and ex 7312 10 98. 
The  investigation  of  dumping  and  injury  covered  the  period  from  1  July  2013  to  30 
September 2014. 

Dumping 

Normal value was based on prices paid in the exporting country. However, following a 
claim  by  the  applicant,  sales  to  state  owned  enterprises  (SOEs)  were  excluded.  The 
investigation  confirmed  that  the  prices  to  SOEs  were  systematically  higher  than  the 
prices charged to other customers on the domestic market due to a higher a risk of non- 
payment  or  significantly  delayed  payment,  which  was  also  reflected  in  the  company's 
internal  pricing  policy.  As  regards  exports,  given  that  there  were  only  two  sales 
transactions  of  limited  volume  to  only  one  EU  customer  with  particular  product 
specifications,  the  sales  of  the  like  product  made  by  the  applicant  to  third  countries 
during  the  review  investigation  period  were  used  as  a  basis  for  the  calculation  of  the 
export price. The average normal value and the average export price were compared on 
an ex-works basis with adjustments made in respect of transport, credit costs and level 
of trade. This resulted in a dumping margin,expressed as a percentage of the net, free-at-
Union frontier price of 10,5%. 

Lasting nature of changed circumstances 

The Commission examined whether the changed circumstances with regard to dumping 
could reasonably be considered to be of a lasting nature. Firstly given that Ukraine was 
considered an economy in transition during the original investigation the anti-dumping 

EN 

34 

   EN 

 
 
 
duty applicable to the applicant was calculated on the basis of prices paid in an analogue 
country  market  being  a  market  economy  country,  i.e.  Poland.  In  2005,  Ukraine  was 
granted  market  economy  status  and  therefore  the  provisions  regarding  economies  in 
transition no longer applied to that country. As a result normal value could be based on 
its own verified data.  Regarding the company structure, the investigation confirmed the 
changes which was the merger of two former unrelated exporting producers and a third 
entity responsible for sales and marketing, which took place in 2010. The change was 
considered to be of a lasting nature since the tasks previously carried out by the separate 
entities  were  effectively  transferred  to  the  applicant.  The  investigation  dod  not  reveal 
any indications of possible future changes. On that basis the Commission concluded that 
the  changes  were  of  a  lasting  nature  and  that  the  application  of  the  measures  at  its 
current  level  was  no  longer  justified.  In  light  of  these  findings,  in  January  2016  the 
Commission  amended  the  level  of  the  dumping  margin  in  so  far  as  it  applied  to  the 
applicant  to  10,5%,  while  the  other  dumping  margins  applicable  to  imports  of  the 
product concerned from Ukraine remained unchanged.  

Solar panels (crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and key components)  

In May 2015, the Commission initiated a partial interim review of the anti-dumping and 
anti-subsidy  measures  in  force  on  imports  of  crystalline  silicon  photovoltaic  modules 
and key components (i.e. cells) originating in China. The interim review was limited to 
the  benchmark  used  as  a  reference  for  the  minimum  import  price  ('MIP')  adaptation 
mechanism  set  out  in  the  undertaking.  The  review  was  initiated  following  a  request 
from  EU  ProSun,  an  association  of  producers  of  modules  and  cells  in  the  Union.  The 
request  was  based  on  the  grounds  that  the  then  existing  benchmark  was  no  longer 
representative  of  the  development  of  module  prices.  The  applicant  provided  evidence 
that the circumstances on which the then existing benchmark was accepted had changed 
and that these changes were of a lasting nature. The applicant requested that the existing 
benchmark  for  the  MIP  adaptation  mechanism  be  replaced  by  the  ‘International 
Average’ price sub-series published by Bloomberg, which excludes prices reported by 
Chinese respondents. 

It is recalled that in December 2013, the Council imposed definitive anti-dumping and 
countervailing duties on imports into the Union of modules and cells originating in or 
consigned  from  China  The  exporting  producers  gave  a  mandate  to  China  Chamber  of 
Commerce  for  Import  and  Export  of  Machinery  and  Electronic  Products  (‘the 
CCCME’) to submit a price undertaking on their behalf to the Commission, which was 
accepted.  The  price  undertaking  constitutes  a  bundle  of  individual  price  undertakings 
for  each  exporting  producer,  which,  for  reasons  of  practicality,  is  coordinated  by  the 
CCCME. Under the price undertaking, the minimum import price is adjusted quarterly 
by reference to international spot prices of modules including Chinese prices as reported 
by the Bloomberg database (‘the existing benchmark’). The undertaking states also that 
‘spot prices excluding Chinese prices may be used as a benchmark, if made available by 
the Bloomberg database’. 

In the interim review the Commission investigated whether the existing benchmark was 
still representative of the price development of modules and therefore still fulfilled its 
objectives as set out in the measures in force. 

The  existing  benchmark  is  the  ‘Average  all’  price  series,  which  consists  of  reported 
worldwide  module  spot  prices.  Bloomberg  also  publishes  two  sub-series  that  were  of 
relevance to the investigation i.e. the ‘Chinese Average’ - containing prices reported by 
Chinese  respondents  and  the  ‘International  Average’  containing  all  other  prices 

EN 

35 

   EN 

 
reported.  The  data  are  typically  collected  and  published  on  a  weekly  basis  in  USD. 
Bloomberg calculates the average price per week  provided they have received  at least 
three  quotes.  Bloomberg  clarifies  with  the  suppliers  quotes  which  are  more  than  20% 
above or below the average of the period selected.  

The Commission examined whether the number of Chinese respondents in the existing 
benchmark  had  increased  significantly  since  the  acceptance  of  the  undertaking,  in 
particular  since  the  beginning  of  2014,  as  alleged  by  EU  ProSun.  The  Commission 
found  that  the  average  number  of  Chinese  respondents  per  quarter  in  the  existing 
benchmark  had  increased  by  around  20  respondents  (56%)  between  2013  and  2014 
coupled  by  a  parallel  drop  in  the  average  number  of  non-Chinese  respondents  per 
quarter by more than 100 respondents (– 46%) between 2013 and 2014. However, the 
Commission  found  that,  in  fact  the  increased  proportion  of  the  Chinese  respondents 
better reflected the share of China in the worldwide solar market (estimated 78%). The 
investigation also showed that, in 2013 and 2014 both the ‘International Average’ price 
sub-series and the ‘Chinese Average’ price sub-series followed a similar trend with the 
Commission noting that the ‘Chinese Average’ price sub-series was historically below 
the  ‘International  Average’  price  sub-series  and  that  the  ‘Chinese  Average’  had  not 
fallen faster than the ‘International Average’. 

On the basis of these findings the Commission concluded that the existing benchmark 
remained representative of the development of worldwide module prices and therefore 
terminated the review. 

4.2.3.  “Other” reviews 

There  was  1  “Other”    review,  falling  outside  Article  11(3)  or  Article  19  of  the  basic 
Regulations concluded in the period with an amendment of the duty. There was 1 such 
review  terminated  with  a  repeal  of  the  measures.  These  Court  of  Justice  (CoJ)  other" 
reviews focus on the implementation of Court rulings. A list of the cases concerned is 
given in Annex H. More information can be obtained from the Official Journal to which 
reference is given in the Annex. 

Oxalic Acid 

In April 2012, the Council imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of oxalic 
acid originating in India and China in the range of 14,6% to 52,2% following an anti-
dumping  investigation.  On  20  May  2015,  the  General  Court  annulled  the  contested 
regulation  for  Yuanping  Changyuan  Chemicals  Co.  Ltd,  a  cooperating  Chinese 
exporting  producer  on  the  basis  that  two  issues  in  the  determination  of  the  injury 
elimination  level  did  not  comply  with  Article  296  of  the  Treaty  of  the  Functioning  of 
the  European  Union.  Following  the  General  Court's  judgment,  the  Commission 
published  a  Notice  informing  that  it  had  decided  to  resume  the  anti-dumping 
investigation concerning oxalic acid for the purposes of implementing the judgment in 
regard to Yuanping Changyuan Chemicals Co. Ltd.  

Implementation  

In order to implement the judgment of the Court in accordance with Article 266 TFEU, 
the Commission had to provide a statement of reasons in accordance with Article 296 
TFEU,  for  those  findings  made  in  the  original  investigation  and  for  which  the  Court 
found  that  the  statement  of  reasons  was  insufficient.  Accordingly,  the  Commission 
motivated those findings, e.g. the use of 8% as target profit, using only information that 
it had previously relied upon during the original investigation.  

EN 

36 

   EN 

 
Following dicslosure, Yuanping alleged that, in implementing the Court judgment, the 
Commission conducted a post hoc analysis in order to justify the findings of the original 
investigation.  Yuanping  claimed  that  such  a  post  hoc  analysis  could  not  be  used  to 
justify  the  original  findings.  This  claim  was  not  correct  and  it  was  rejected  as  the 
Commission  motivated  the  findings,  e.g.  the  use  of  8%  as  target  profit,  using  only 
information  that  it  had  previously  relied  upon  during  the  original  investigation. 
Yuanping  also  argued  that  an  administrative  procedure  was  not  sufficient  in  order  to 
correct the errors found by the Court. However, this argument was rejected as the Court 
had not established that the findings of the Commission were factually or substantially 
wrong.  Rather,  the  Court  established  that  in  some  instances,  the  contested  regulation 
lacked  sufficient  reasoning.  Therefore,  providing  an  enhanced  statement  of  reasons  in 
this  regulation,  in  accordance  with  Article  296  TFEU,  was  considered  the  appropriate 
means to comply with the Court judgment.  

that 

In  the  context  of  providing  an  adequate  statement  of  reasons  in  the  Court 
implementation  investigation,  the  following  issue  had  to  be  addressed.  In  the  original 
investigation  Yuanping  Changyuan  Chemicals  Co.  Ltd  had  claimed 
the 
Commission  had  failed  to  include  fully  an  allowance  of  6,5%  corresponding  to  the 
normal  customs  duty  in  the  injury  margin  calculation.  The  Commission  had  found,  in 
that investigation, that the claim was warranted and it had revised the calculations with 
regard  to  the  injury  margin  as  follows:  the  final  weighted  average  import  price  was 
calculated  by  adding,  to  the  weighted  average  CIF  Union  border  export  price  of 
Yuanping  Changyuan  Chemicals  Co.  Ltd  first,  6,5%  for  customs  duties,  and  then,  a 
fixed amount of 10 EUR/tonne for post-importation costs. This resulted in a reduction 
of  the  Yuanping  Changyuan  Chemicals  Co.  Ltd's  injury  margin  to  18,7%.  However, 
Yuanping  claimed  in  the  Court  implentation  investigation  that  the  figure  used  by  the 
Commission for post-importation costs, i.e. 10 EUR/tonne, was too low. To support this 
claim,  Yuanping  provided  the  Commission  with  evidence  in  the  form  of  several 
invoices  from  2016,  where  the  post-importation  costs  were  allegedly  higher.  The 
Commission rejected the claim citing that the figures for post-importation costs used by 
the  Commission  in  the  original  investigation  were  the  result  of  verified  information 
from  cooperating  unrelated  importers  and  Yuanping  failed  to  substantiate  why  the 
Commission should recalculate this figure using unverified data from a period outside 
the original investigation period.  

In  November  2016,  a  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  was  imposed  on  imports  of  oxalic 
acid, originating in China, produced by Yuanping Changyuan Chemicals  

4.2.4.  New exporter reviews 

As  far  as  anti-dumping  measures  are  concerned,  Article  11(4)  of  the  basic  Regulation 
allows  for  a  review  ("newcomer"  review)  to  be  carried  out  in  order  to  determine 
individual  margins  of  dumping  for  new  exporters  located  in  the  exporting  country  in 
question which did not export the product during the investigation period.  

Such  parties  have  to  show  that  they  are  genuine  new  exporters,  i.e.  that  they  are  not 
related to any of the exporters or producers in the exporting country, which are subject 
to  the  anti-dumping  measures,  and  that  they  have  actually  started  to  export  to  the  EU 
following  the  investigation  period,  or  that  they  have  entered  into  an  irrevocable 
contractual obligation to export a significant quantity to the EU. 

EN 

37 

   EN 

 
 
When a review for a new exporter is initiated, the duties are repealed with regard to that 
exporter, though its imports are made subject to registration under Article 14(5) of the 
basic Regulation in order to ensure that, should the review result in a determination of 
dumping in respect of such an exporter, anti-dumping duties may be levied retroactively 
to the date of the initiation of the review. 

As far as anti-subsidy measures are concerned, Article 20 of the basic Regulation allows 
for  a  review  (accelerated  review)  to  be  carried  out  in  order  to  establish  promptly  an 
individual  countervailing  duty.  Any  exporter  whose  exports  are  subject  to  a  definitive 
countervailing  duty  but  who  was  not  individually  investigated  during  the  original 
investigation  for  reasons  other  than  a  refusal  to  co-operate  with  the  Commission  can 
request such review. 

In  2016,  no  new  exporter  reviews  were  initiated  relating  to  anti-dumping  measures. 
Since  the  Commission  carried  out  the  first  reviews  of  this  type  in  1990,  a  total  of  71 
such  investigations  have  been  initiated  so  far.  There  were  no  new  exporter  reviews 
concluded or terminated during 2016.  

4.2.5.  Absorption investigations 

Where  there  is  sufficient  information  showing  that,  after  the  original  investigation 
period  and  prior  to  or  following  the  imposition  of  measures,  export  prices  have 
decreased  or  that  there  has  been  no  or  insufficient  movement  in  the  resale  prices  or 
subsequent selling prices of the imported product in the EU, an absorption review may 
be  opened  to  examine  whether  the  measure  has  had  effects  on  the  above-mentioned 
prices.  The  duty  may  be  increased  to  take  account  of  such  lower  export  prices.  The 
possibility  of  absorption  reviews  is  included  in  Articles  12  and  19(3)  of  the  basic 
Regulations. 

In 2016, there were no anti-absorption investigations initiated nor concluded. – Annex J. 

4.2.6.  Circumvention investigations 

The  possibility  of  investigations  being  re-opened  in  circumstances  where  evidence  is 
brought to show that measures are being circumvented was introduced by Article 13 and 
Article 23 of the basic Regulations. 

Circumvention is defined as a change in the pattern of trade between third countries and 
the EU which stems from a practice, process or work for which there is insufficient due 
cause or economic justification other than the imposition of the duty. The duties may be 
extended  to  imports  from  third  countries  of  like  products,  or  parts  thereof,  if 
circumvention is taking place. 

In  2016,  1  anti-circumvention  investigation  was  initiated.  There  were  6  anti-
circumvention investigations concluded with an extension of the duty (4 anti-dumping 
and  2  anti-subsidy).  More  information  can  be  obtained  from  the  Official  Journal  to 
which reference is given in Annex K. 

4.2.6.1.  Details on individual cases 

Solar panels (crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and key components) from 
China (extended to Malaysia and Taiwan)  

In  April  2015, 
the  possible 
circumvention  of  the  anti-dumping  and  anti-subsidy  measures  in  force  on  crystalline 
silicon  photovoltaic  modules  and  key  components  from  China.  The  investigation  was 

the  Commission 

investigation 

initiated  an 

into 

EN 

38 

   EN 

 
initiated  following  a  request  by  a  Union  producer  of  crystalline  silicon  photovoltaic, 
containing prima facie evidence that the measures in force involved a significant change 
in the pattern of trade. Furthermore, the request claimed that the measures in force were 
being  undermined  both  in  terms  of  quantity  and  quality.  When  initiating  the  case  the 
Commission also  made  imports  of  solar panels consigned from Malaysia and Taiwan, 
whether declared as originating from those countries or not, subject to registration. 

The original measures on crystalline silicon photovoltaic were imposed by the Council 
in 2013 and had since been extended following a number of investigations.  

Product under investigation and reporting period 

The  product  concerned  by  the  possible  circumvention  were  crystalline  silicon 
photovoltaic modules and key components, falling within CN codes ex 8501 31 00, ex 
8501 32 00, ex 8501 33 00, ex 8501 34 00, ex 8501 61 20, ex 8501 61 80, ex 8501 62 
00, ex 8501 63 00, ex 8501 64 00 and ex 8541 40 90 and originating in or consigned 
fromChina  –  i.e.  the  same  product  as  that  covered  by  the  measures  in  force.  The 
investigation period covered the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 March 2015 and data 
was  collected  for  the  IP  to  investigate,  inter  alia,  the  alleged  change  in  the  pattern  of 
trade. For the period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015 more detailed data were collected 
in order to examine the possible undermining of the remedial effect of the measures in 
force and existence of dumping.  

In  order  to  assess  the  existence  of  circumvention,  the  Commission  analysed  whether 
there was a change in the pattern of trade between third countries and the Union; if this 
change stemmed from a practice, process or work for which there was insufficient due 
cause  or  economic  justification  other  than  the  imposition  of  the  duty;  if  there  was 
evidence  of  injury  or  that  the  remedial  effects  of  the  duty  were  being  undermined  in 
terms of the prices and/or quantities of the like product; and whether there was evidence 
of dumping in relation to the normal values previously established for the like product. 

There  was  a  low  level  of  cooperation  by  producers/exporters  in  China,  with  only  six 
exporters/producers submitting a questionnaire reply. This was an insufficient basis for 
findings. Therefore, findings in respect of exports of solar cells and modules from China 
to  the  Union,  Malaysia  and  Taiwan  had  to  be  made  on  the  basis  of  Comext  database, 
data  reported  to  the  Commission  by  the  Member  States,  Chinese,  Malaysian  and 
Taiwanese national statistics and the information submitted in the request.  

Change in the pattern of trade  

Malaysia 

The  investigation  found  evidence  of  the  decrease  in  imports  from  China  to  the  Union 
and  the  parallel  increase  in  exports  from  China  to  Malaysia  and  of  exports  from 
Malaysia  to  the  Union  after  the  original  investigation  was  launched  in  2012  and  the 
entry into force of measures in 2013. These changes in trade flows constituted a change 
in the pattern of trade between the above mentioned countries on the one hand and the 
Union on the other hand.  

The Malaysian cooperating parties accounted for 100% of all exports of cells to the EU 
during  the  investigation  and  were  found  to  be  genuine  producers.  The  imports  of 
modules by the non-cooperating companies constituted 71% of total imports of modules 
from Malaysia in the same period. The modules are the final product and can be only 
imported  into  Malaysia  for  domestic  consumption  or  transhipment.  The  investigation 
found that the high level of imports of modules into Malaysia from China exceeded the 

EN 

39 

   EN 

 
domestic consumption and the high level  of non-cooperation  by the Malaysian parties 
showed  that  a  large  proportion  of  modules  consigned  from  China  must  have  been 
transhipped via Malaysia to the Union. In addition it was also found that a number of 
the  cooperating  Malaysian  producers  provided  misleading  information,  in  particular 
regarding  the  relationship  to  Chinese  manufacturers,  imports  of  finished  goods  from 
China and the origin of exports of the product under investigation to the Union. Some of 
them were found to export Chinese origin crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules to the 
Union, some other companies were found to have fraudulently declared key components 
as solar glass and to have falsified the invoices. As a result transhipment of the product 
under investigation via Malaysia was confirmed.  

Taiwan 

The investigation found that imports of the product concerned from China to the Union 
dropped  significantly  subsequent  to  the  imposition  of  the  measures  in  force  in 
December  2013  while  on  the  other  hand,  the  volume  of  imports  of  the  product  under 
investigation from Taiwan to the Union increased significantly (+ 30% increase) in the 
same period. In addition the parallel increase of exports from China to Taiwan after the 
original investigation was launched in 2012 and the measures in force were imposed in 
2013 constituted a change in the pattern of trade between the above mentioned countries 
on the one hand and the Union on the other hand. 

The  Commission  concluded  that  a  large  proportion  of  modules  consigned  form  China 
must  have  been  transhipped  via  Taiwan  to  the  Union.  The  Taiwanese  authorities  also 
had carried out investigations into alleged circumvention practices at the same time and 
concluded  that  several  companies,  mainly  traders,  committed  fraud  by  falsifying  the 
origin  of  solar  modules.  As  a  result  the  Commission  confirmed  the  existence  of 
transhipment of the product under investigation via Taiwan. 

Cause or justification for the changed pattern in trade 

The investigation did not bring to light any due cause or economic justification for the 
transhipment operations other than the avoidance of the measures in force on solar cells 
and  modules  originating  in  China.  Moreover,  the  investigation  confirmed  evidence  of 
dumping,  since  the  average  Taiwanese  and  Malaysian  export  prices  of  solar  cells  and 
modules  in  the  review  period  were  far  below  the  normal  value  as  established  in  the 
original investigation. 

Impact on the original measures 

The  investigation  found  that  that  the  remedial  effects  of  the  measures  in  force  were 
being undermined both in terms of quantities and prices. In this context the Commission 
used  data  concerning  quantities  and  prices  of  exports  from  the  cooperating  exporting 
producers, Comext and Article 14(6) database were used as the best data  available by 
non-cooperating  companies.  The  increase  of  imports  from  Malaysia  and  Taiwan  was 
considered to be significant in terms of quantities. The estimated Union consumption in 
the review period gave a similar indication about  the significance  of these imports.  In 
terms  of  market  share  in  the  Union,  the  modules  imported  into  the  Union  from  non-
cooperating  companies  and  the  companies  that  were  found  to  be  circumventing 
accounted  for  9%  from  Malaysia  and  7%  from  Taiwan.  The  cells  that  were  imported 
into the Union from non-cooperating companies in Taiwan accounted for 3% of the EU 
consumption. The import prices from Malaysia and Taiwan were compared to the injury 
elimination  level  established  for  Union  producers  in  the  original  investigation  and 
significant underselling was found.  

EN 

40 

   EN 

 
Extension of duties 

It  was  concluded  that  the  definitive  anti-dumping  duties  imposed  on  imports  of 
crystalline  silicon  photovoltaic  modules  or  panels  and  cells  of  the  type  used  in 
crystalline  silicon  photovoltaic  modules  or  panels  originating 
in  China  were 
circumvented by transhipment from Malaysia and Taiwan. As a result, in February 2016 
the measures were extended to imports of the product consigned, directly or indirectly, 
from China, Malaysia and Taiwan whether declared as originating in those countries or 
not.  

Exemptions 

A  number  of  companies  on  Malaysia  and  Taiwan  applied  for  exemptions  from  any 
extension of the measures. Five Malaysian and 21 Taiwanese exporting producers were 
found  not  to  be  engaged  in  circumvention  practices  and  therefore  exemptions  were 
granted  to  the  modules  and  cells  produced  and  exported  by  these  companies.  It  was 
decided  to  put  in  place  special  measures  in  this  case  in  order  to  ensure  the  proper 
application of any exemptions granted. These special measures require the presentation 
to  the  customs  authorities  of  the  Member  States  of  a  valid  commercial  invoice 
conforming  to  certain  requirements  set  out  in  implementing  Regulation.  Imports  not 
accompanied by such an invoice would be subject to the extended anti-dumping duty. 

Hand pallet trucks and their essential parts from China 

In  November  2015,  the  Commission  initiated  an  investigation  into  the  possible 
circumvention of the anti-dumping measures in force on imports of hand pallet trucks 
and  their  essential  parts  from  China,  making  imports  of  hand  pallet  trucks  and  their 
essential parts subject to registration. The investigation was lodged by BT Products AS, 
Lifter SRL and PR Industrial SRL, Union producers of hand pallet trucks. 

The original measures on hand pallet trucks were imposed by the Council in 2005, and 
have  since  been  reviewed  a  number  of  times.  In  2009,  the  Council  extended  the 
definitive  anti-dumping  duty  to  hand  pallet  trucks  consigned  from  Thailand  following 
an anti-circumvention investigation. 

Product under investigation and reporting period 

The  product  concerned  by  the  possible  circumvention  is  hand  pallet  trucks  and  their 
essential parts, i.e. chassis and hydraulics, currently falling within CN codes ex 8427 90 
00 and ex 8431 20 00 (TARIC codes 8427 90 00 19 and 8431 20 00 19). The product 
which  was  claimed  to  be  circumventing  is  presented  at  importation  with  a  so-called 
‘weight  indication  system’  consisting  of  a  weighing  mechanism  not  integrated  in  the 
chassis. This weighing device has a margin of error exceeding 1%, i.e. a very high one. 
This  product  fallswithin  the  same  CN  codes  as  the  product  concerned  but  within 
different TARIC codes not covered by the measures (8427 90 00 30 and 8431 20 00 50) 
and  originating  in  China.  Moreover,  the  weighing  mechanism  of  the  product  under 
investigation  does  not  change  the  essential  characteristics  of  the  product  under 
investigation, such as structure and use, in order to make it different from the product 
concerned. 

The  investigation  period  covered  1  January  2011  to  30  September  2015.  Data  were 
collected for the investigation period to investigate, inter alia, the alleged change in the 
pattern  of  trade.  More  detailed  data  were  collected  for  the  reporting  period  from  1 
October 2014 to 30 September 2015 in order to examine if imports were undermining 
the  remedial  effect  of  the  anti-dumping  measures  in  force  and  existence  of  dumping. 

EN 

41 

   EN 

 
None  of  the  known  exporting  producers  established  in  China  cooperated  in  the 
investigation. 

Results of the investigation 

The  investigation  first  established  a  change  in  the  pattern  of  trade,  as  total  imports  of 
hand  pallet  trucks  from  China  decreased  by  more  than  80%  during  the  investigation 
period. By contrast, imports of ‘other trucks’ including the product under investigation 
increased  in  2014  and  in  the  reporting  period  by  more  than  50%  as  compared  to  the 
beginning  of  the  investigation  period.  Two  categories  of  these  other  trucks  can  be 
distinguished,  i.e.  the  allegedly  circumventing  product  with  a  weighing  device  and 
'other  trucks'.  The  investigation  showed  that  importers  increased  the  purchases  of  the 
allegedly  circumventing  product  with  a  weighing  device  from  China  during  the 
investigation period, while imports of classic hand pallet trucks decreased in parallel. In 
contrast, import volumes of ‘other trucks’ without this weighing device barely changed 
(by  3%  during  the  investigation  period)  and  their  overall  level  in  units  remained  very 
low  in  comparison  to  imports  of  the  allegedly  circumventing  product  under 
investigation with a weighing device. 

that 

the  product  under 

investigation  established 

The 
is  clearly 
distinguishable  from  'real'  weighing  trucks  with  a  much  lower  margin  of  error  The 
applicants provided indications that the sole intent of the imports of the trucks with this 
weighing device was to avoid the duties. Indeed; one exporter offered the product under 
investigation in a brochure as ‘ADD free’ or another exporting producer recommended 
removing the weighing device after importation.  

investigation 

It was therefore concluded that  the circumvention practice consisted of the imports of 
the product under investigation.  

The  investigation  did  not  bring  to  light  any  due  cause  or  economic  justification  other 
than the circumvention of the anti-dumping duty. 

Impact of the circumvention practice on the measures in force 

The  investigation  found  that  the  imports  of  the  product  under  investigation  increased 
significantly  by  around  70%  (110  000  units)  between  2013  and  2014  and  further 
increased between 2014 and the reporting period by by around 30%(80 000 units), They 
represented,  in  total,  around  42%  of  the  total  trucks  imported  during  the  reporting 
period.  The  prices  of  these  imports  were  found  to  be  significantly  underselling  the 
Union industry non-injurious price as established in previous investigations. Therefore 
it  was  concluded  that  the  remedial  effects  of  the  measures  in  force  were  being 
undermined both in terms of quantities and prices. 

Dumping 

In order to establish whether dumping existed during the reporting period, the average 
import  prices  of  the  product  under  investigation  from  the  cooperating  importers  were 
compared to the normal value of the product concerned established in the last interim 
review.  concluded  in  2013.  Import  prices  were  adjusted  to  ex-works  level  based  on 
information  received  from  the  cooperating  importers.  The  import  prices  were  also 
adjusted  for  differences  in  the  physical  characteristics,  i.e.  the  weighing  device 
incorporated in the hand pallet trucks. The comparison showed significant dumping.  

The  investigation  concluded  that  the  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  imposed  on  hand 
pallet  trucks  originating  in  China  were  being  circumvented  by  imports  of  slightly 
modified hand pallet trucks incorporating a weight indication system not integrated in 

EN 

42 

   EN 

 
the  chassis  (the  forks)  originating  in  China.  As  a  result  the  anti-dumping  measures  in 
force ranging between 7,6% and 46,7% on imports of hand pallet trucks originating in 
China were extended to imports of hand pallet trucks equipped with ‘weight indication 
system’ consisting of a weighing mechanism not integrated in the chassis, originating in 
the PR in August 2016. There were no exemptions requested by exporters.  

4.3. 

Safeguard investigations 

Safeguard measures have always been and remain an instrument which the Commission 
would only apply in truly exceptional circumstances. Indeed, they are only used where 
it is clear that, applying the highest standards, such measures are necessary and justified 
because, due to unforeseen circumstances, there has been a surge in imports and this has 
caused or threatens to cause serious damage to the EU industry.  

The  Commission  expects  the  EU’s  commercial  partners  to  follow  a  similarly  strict 
approach. However, more and more countries are adopting safeguard measures, often in 
circumstances which do not appear to be entirely in line with Article XIX of the GATT 
1994,  the  WTO  Agreement  on  Safeguards  and  other  WTO  rules.  Consequently,  the 
activities of the Commission in relation to safeguards is more and more driven towards 
the defence of the export interests of EU producers, if necessary at WTO level. 

There was no safeguard activitity by the EU in 2016 and no measures in place – Annex 
L.  

5. 

ENFORCEMENT OF ANTI-DUMPING/COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 

Globalisation  of  trade  led  to  greater  possibilities  for  circumventing  or  otherwise 
reducing the effectiveness of anti-dumping and countervailing measures. To address this 
problem, throughout 2016 the TDI services continued their follow-up activities aimed at 
ensuring  that  measures  were  effectively  enforced.  In  the  framework  of  an  integrated 
approach  measures were considered in all their forms - duties and undertakings – and 
synergy  was  sought  between  the  TDI  services  and  enforcement-oriented  services 
(OLAF, DG Taxud and customs authorities in Member States).  

5.1. 

Follow-up of measures 

The follow-up  activities concerning  measures in force are centred on four main areas: 
(1)  to  pre-empt  fraud,  by  defining  risk-related  areas,  alerting  customs  authorities  and 
assessing the feedback from customs and economic operators; (2) to monitor trade flows 
and  market  developments;  (3)  to  improve  the  effectiveness  with  the  appropriate 
instruments (new investigation, interim review, newcomer review, contact with national 
administrations)  and  (4)  to  react  to  irregular  practices  by  enhancing  the  co-operation 
with enforcement-related services (OLAF and national customs) and by initiating anti-
absorption or anti-circumvention investigations. 

5.2.  Monitoring of undertakings 

Monitoring  of  undertakings  forms  part  of  the  enforcement  activities,  given  that 
undertakings  are  a  form  of  AD  or  CVD  measures.  They  are  accepted  by  the 
Commission if it is satisfied that they can effectively eliminate the injurious effects of 
dumping or subsidisation. 

At  the  beginning  of  2016,  there  were  122  undertakings  in  force.  During  2016,  the 
following changes to the portfolio of undertakings took place: The undertakings of 13 
companies were withdrawn as it was established that breaches had occurred or that the 

EN 

43 

   EN 

 
monitoring  of  the  undertakings  became  impracticable.  10  companies  concern  the  case 
crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and key components (i.e. cells) originating in or 
consigned  from  China,  1  company  concerns  the  case  ammonium  nitrate  originating  in 
Russia  and  2  companies  concern  the  case  citric  acid  originating  in  China.  The 
undertakings of a further 7 companies were withdrawn as these companies had notified 
the  Commission  that  they  wished  to  withdraw  from  the  undertaking.  All  these  latter 
withdrawals  concerned  the  case  crystalline  silicon  photovoltaic  modules  and  key 
components  (i.e.  cells)  originating  in  or  consigned  fromChina.  This  brought  the  total 
number of undertakings in force at the end of 2016 to 102. 

6. 

REFUNDS  

Articles  11(8)  and  21(1)  of  the  basic  Regulations  allow  importers  to  request  the 
the 
reimbursement  of 
dumping/subsidy margin, on the basis of which duties were paid, has been eliminated or 
reduced to a level below that of the duty in force. 

the  relevant  collected  duties  where 

is  shown 

that 

it 

During  2016,  42  new  refund  requests  were  submitted.  At  the  end  of  2016,  4  refund 
investigations were on-going, covering 80 requests. In 2016, no Commission Decision 
granting full or partial refund or rejecting refund requests was adopted. 

7. 

TDI MODERNISATION  

In  April  2013,  the  Commission  adopted  a  proposal  and  a  communication  in  order  to 
modernise the EU’s trade defence instruments (‘TDI’). The aim of the proposal was to 
enhance  the  efficiency  and  effectiveness  of  the  EU’s  TDI  for  the  benefit  of  all 
stakeholders,  including  producers,  importers  or  users.  Increasing  transparency,  finding 
practical solutions to real problems and making the TDI more accessible, so that these 
instruments  would  provide  a  more  adequate  response  to  the  proliferating  unfair  trade 
practices, was at the heart of the proposal.  

While the European Parliament largely supported the Commission proposal and voted a 
legislative resolution as early as April 2014, the Council was for a long period not able 
to  find  a  compromise  in  order  to  start  trilogues.  The  amendments  voted  by  the 
Parliament were essentially in favour of the Union industry and a sustainable production 
in  the  EU.  The  Council  on  the  other  hand,  was  torn  between  those  Member  States 
favouring producing interests and those favouring importing interests.  

However,  against  the  backdrop  of  the  steel  crisis  and  the  threat  of  growing  steel 
overcapacity  in  China,  voices  in  support  of  strengthening  the  EU’s  TDI  became  more 
audible.  Thus,  in  spring  2016,  the  modernisation  file  was  put  on  the  Council  agenda 
again.  Initially,  discussions  in  the  Council  at  a  technical  level  did  not  show  any  real 
progress.  When  President  Juncker,  in  his  State  of  the  Union  address  in  September, 
called on Member States to swiftly conclude the modernisation file, which was followed 
by a similar appeal from the European Council in October, things started to move. The 
Slovak Presidency, in coordination with the Commission, spared no efforts in order to 
move the file forward and the Council finally endorsed a compromise on 13 December 
2016.  

The main elements of the Council compromise include an adaptation of the lesser duty 
rule and a pre-disclosure (the two main contentious elements). It further provides for the 
earlier  imposition  of  provisional  and  definitive  measures  and  the  re-imbursement  of 
duties in expiry reviews that are terminated without renewing measures.  

EN 

44 

   EN 

 
The Commission welcomes the compromise achieved in the Council as it is fully in line 
with  the  goals  of  the  original  Commission  proposal.  If  implemented  it  would 
strengthens the EU’s TDI in a balanced way and ensure their continued effectiveness. It 
also provides for the necessary leverage when confronted with unfair trade practices by 
third countries and sends an important signal to our trading partners: free trade must be 
fair and only fair trade can be free.  

The Commission counts on the support and flexibility of the co-legislators in order to 
swiftly conclude the trilogues.  

8. 

LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE EU'S AD AND AS LEGISLATION  

On  9  November  2016,  the  Commission  adopted  a  proposal  to  change  the  EU's  anti-
dumping and anti-subsidy legislation. The main elements of the proposal are: 

(a) 

Introduction  of  a  new  anti-dumping  methodology  to  capture  market  distortions 
linked  to  State  intervention  in  third  countries.  These  distortions  can  exist  in  a 
country as a whole or in a given sector. The purpose of the new methodology is to 
address any pervasive influence of a State over the economy and to address new 
economic realities. This new methodology would be country neutral and would be 
applied  equally  to  all  WTO  countries.  This  would  mean  that  in  the  future,  there 
would  no  longer  be  a  distinction  between  WTO  Members  that  are  market 
economy countries and WTO Members that are not. However, if a third country 
maintains  State-induced  distortions  in  its  economy,  the  new  methodology  could 
apply.  

In order to facilitate the application of this methodology, the Commission could – 
where  appropriate  –  prepare  reports  setting  out  the  distortions  in  an  exporting 
country. 

(b)  Remove  all  WTO  Members  from  the  scope  of  Article  2(7)  of  the  basic  anti-
dumping  Regulation  that  provides  for  the  possibility  to  apply  the  analogue 
country methodology. The proposal also offers to introduce an orderly transitional 
period for existing measures. 

(c)  Strengthening the anti-subsidy instrument to increase our ability to capture the full 
magnitude of subsidisation (by making it possible to address also subsidies which 
were identified only in the course of an investigation). 

The  proposal  fulfils  the  main  objectives  which  the  Commission  pursues,  namely  to 
maintain  efficient  trade  defence  instrument  while,  at  the  same  time,  complying  with 
EU's international obligations. 

The  proposal  followed  an  Impact  Assessment  and  included  an  online  public 
consultation and a dedicated public event in March 2016 on the matter where all parties 
affected  by  trade  defence  investigations  were  invited  to  participate.  There  was  active 
engagement from parties representing industry, trade, users and third countries at every 
level 
social  partners 
(representatives of trade unions and employer's organisations)  were also consulted.  

representative  associations.  The 

individuals 

from 

to 

The proposal entered the first stages of the ordinary legislative procedure following its 
adoption and the Commission made presentations both to the Council and the European 

EN 

45 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
Parliament  on 
implications.  

the  changes  proposed  and 

the 

legislative  and 

implementation 

9. 

COUNTRY-WIDE MARKET ECONOMY STATUS (MES) 

In  an  anti-dumping  investigation,  Commission  services  usually  compare  the  export 
price of a product with its 'normal value', which is the price paid in the domestic market 
of the exporting country or a constructed  normal value (Article 2(1) of the basic anti-
dumping Regulation). However, this methodolgoy can only be used if costs and prices 
in  the  exporting  country  are  reliable  and  the  result  of  supply  and  demand.  For  the 
specific purpose of applying the EU basic anti-dumping regulation, the current practice 
is  that  a  country  can  be  considered  a  market  economy  if  it  fulfils  five  criteria.  These 
criteria are:  

i. 

ii. 

iii. 

iv. 

v. 

a  low  degree  of  government  influence  over  the  allocation  of  resources  and 
decisions  of  enterprises,  whether  directly  or  indirectly  (e.g.  public  bodies),  for 
example through the use of State-fixed prices, or discrimination in the tax, trade or 
currency regimes; 

an  absence  of  State-induced  distortions  in  the  operation  of  enterprises  linked  to 
privatisation and the use of non-market trading or compensation system; 

the  existence  and  implementation  of  a  transparent  and  non-discriminatory 
company  law  which  ensures  adequate  corporate  governance  (application  of 
international accounting standards, protection of shareholders, public availability 
of accurate company information); 

the  existence  and  implementation  of  a  coherent,  effective  and  transparent  set  of 
laws which ensure the respect of property rights and the operation of a functioning 
bankruptcy regime; 

the existence of a genuine financial sector which operates independently from the 
state  and  which  in  law  and  practice  is  subject  to  sufficient  guarantee  provisions 
and adequate supervision. 

There  are  6  countries  which  have  requested  country-wide  MES:  China,  Vietnam, 
Armenia,  Kazakhstan,  Mongolia  and  Belarus.  Companies  from  non-market  economy 
countries  which  are  members  of  the  WTO  have  the  possibility  to  request  market 
economy treatment on an individual basis in the context of anti-dumping investigations.  

During  2016,  any  analysis  regarding  the  MES  process  for  China,  Vietnam,  Armenia, 
Kazakhstan  and  Mongolia  was  put  on  hold  while  the  Commission  considered  making 
changes  to  the  EU's  anti-dumping  legislation  which  could  impact  on  the  legislative 
framework applicable to these countries.  

In December 2016, following the adoption of the legislative proposal, Belarus signalled 
its intention to engage in the MES process. In this context, Belarus agreed to update the 
Commission on progress in relation to its ongoing WTO accession negotiations. This is 
relevant as the scope of Article 2(7) would change once the proposal is adopted. Indeed 
WTO Members would no longer be subject to that provision – for details see above.  

EN 

46 

   EN 

 
10. 

9.1. 

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES / BILATERAL CONTACTS 

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) 

During 2016, the SME helpdesk received and dealt with many requests for information, 
relating  to  specific  cases  as  well  as  more  broad  raging  queries  addressing  procedural 
and  substantive  elements  of  proceedings.  The  TDI  website  also  specifically  highlights 
SME's  role  in  TDI  proceedings  and  offers  practical  advice  and  help.  The  special 
helpdesk  was  set  up  to  help  SMEs  deal  with  the  specific  challenges  they  face  in  TDI 
investigations due to their small size, resource limitations and their fragmentation.  

9.2. 

Bilateral  contacts/information  activities  –  EU  economic  operators 
including their key stakeholder associations and third countries 

Explaining  the  legislation  and  practice  of  the  EU's  trade  defence  activity  and 
exchanging  views  on  third  country  practices  continues  to  be  an  important  part  of  the 
work of the TDI services. 

Also in 2016, the Commission organized its yearly training seminar on trade defence for 
officials  from  third  countries  (participants  from  Egypt,  Tunisia,  Turkey,  Vietnam, 
Thailand,  Japan  and  the  WTO  secretariat).  In  addition,  there  were  a  number  of  other 
bilateral contacts dedicated to discussing various trade defence topics with a number of 
third countries including China, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, USA, Russia, 
Indonesia, Thailand, Canada, India, Switzerland. 

During  2016,  the  trade  defence  services  participated  in  numerous  meetings  with 
practically all key stakeholder organisations affected by trade defence. The main issue 
which dominated these meetings was the possible changes to the EU's anti-dumping and 
anti-subsidy legislation described supra.  

11. 

JUDICIAL REVIEW: DECISIONS GIVEN BY THE COURT OF JUSTICE / COURT OF 
FIRST INSTANCE 

11.1.  Overview of the judicial reviews in 2016. 

In 2016, the General Court ('GC') and the Court of Justice ('CJ') rendered 38 judgments 
in  total  relating  to  the  areas  of  anti-dumping  or  anti-subsidy.  Out  of  them,  23  actions 
were  brought  before  the  GC.15  The  CJ  issued  7  judgments  following  appeals  against 
decisions of the GC and issued 8 preliminary rulings in the Trade Defence Instruments 
field. 

11.2.  Cases pending 

A list of the anti-dumping/anti-subsidy cases before the GC and the CJ still pending at 
the end of 2016 is given in Annex S (19 pending before the GC and 9 before the CJ). 

11.3.  New cases 

34 new cases were lodged in 2016 (compared to 20 in 2015, 37 in 2014, 33 in 2013, 23 
in 2012, 16 in 2011 and 13 in 2010). 20 of these were lodged before the GC (19 actions 
for annulment and 1 action for failure to act) and 14 before the CJ (12 appeals and two 
preliminary ruling). 

15 

The  cases  counted  are  direct  actions  seeking  the  annulment  or  partial  annulment  of  a 
Commission Decision and interim measures. The 1 rectification request in 2016 is not counted as 
a separate request. 

EN 

47 

   EN 

 
                                                 
11.4. 

Judgments rendered by the General Court 

In  2016,  the  General  Court  (GC)  rendered  23  judgments/orders  relating  to  the  area  of 
anti-dumping policy. Details of some of the cases are set out below. 

Cotton-type bed linen originating in Pakistan - T‑199/04 RENV - Gul Ahmed Textile 
Mills Ltd v Council – Judgment of 15 December 2016. 

On  15  December  2016,  the  Court  issued  a  ruling  in  the  above  mentioned  case.  Gul 
Ahmed  Textile  Mills  Ltd  (the  applicant)  had  sought  annulment  of  Council  Regulation 
(EC)  No  397/2004  imposing  a  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  on  imports  of  cotton-type 
bed linen originating in Pakistan. The General Court rendered this ruling as a result of a 
remand  of  this  case  by  the  Court  of  Justice  back  in  2013  (judgment  of  14 November 
2013, Council v Gul Ahmed Textile Mills - C-638/11 P, EU:C:2013:732).  

In March  2004,  the  Council  imposed  definitive  anti-dumping  duties  of  13.1%  on 
imports  of  cotton-type  bed  linen  originating  in  Pakistan.  In  May  2006,  following  a 
partial interim review the rate of definitive anti-dumping duty applicable to the products 
was  reduced  to  5.6%.  The  applicant,  a  Pakistani  company,  manufactures  and  exports 
bed  linen  to  the  European  Union.  The  company  does  not  sell  any  bed  linen  on  the 
Pakistani domestic market, although it does sell various commodities. In May 2004, the 
applicant sought the annulment of the contested regulation, in so far as it concerned the 
applicant  itself.  In  September  2011,  Gul  Ahmed  succeeded  before  the  General  Court. 
The  judgement  was  appealed  by  the  Council  and  the  Court  of  Justice  set  aside  the 
judgment  of  September  2011,  Gul  Ahmed  Textile  Mills  v  Council,  (T-199/04,),  and 
referred the case back to the General Court.  

Gul Ahmed’s pleas included inter alia; the initiation of the investigation; establishment 
of injury; and finding of causation between the dumped imports and the injury suffered 
by the Union industry. 

As  regards  initiation  the  applicant  claimed  that  the  Commission  disregarded  the 
commitment  made  on  14 November  2001  during  the  WTO  Ministerial  Conference  in 
Doha (Qatar) (‘the Doha decision’), according to which: 

‘Investigating  authorities  shall  examine  with  special  care  any  application  for  the 
initiation of an anti-dumping investigation where an investigation of the same product 
from the same Member resulted in a negative finding within the 365 days prior to the 
filing  of  the  application  and  that,  unless  this  pre-initiation  examination  indicates  that 
circumstances have changed, the investigation shall not proceed.’  

In  support  of  their  claim,  the  applicant  argued  that following  a  complaint  filed  by 
Eurocoton, definitive anti-dumping duties were imposed on the Pakistani producers by 
Regulation No 2398/97. That proceeding was terminated on 30 January 2002 after being 
declared unlawful by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. The present proceeding was 
initiated only ten months after the termination of the earlier proceeding.  

The  GC  found  that  the  Council  was  correct  in  claiming  that  the  Commission  was 
entitled  to  initiate  the  present  proceedings  in  compliance  with  the  Doha  decision 
because prior to initiating the current at issue it had established that the circumstances 
had changed in comparison with the previous investigation.  

As regards the claim by the applicant that there was not sufficient evidence to justify the 
initiation  of  the  investigation  the  Court  found  that  on  the  whole,  the  complaint  was 
complete, including as regards the analysis the injury and causality.  

EN 

48 

   EN 

 
The Court found that the Council correctly assessed the individual and collective impact 
of other known factors concerning  the state of the EU industry.  The Court considered 
that it was legitimate to sustain that the causal link between the material injury and the 
imports of the product concerned was not broken by the decision of the EU industry to 
move  from  the  low-value  segment  to  the  high-value  segment  of  the  EU  bed-linen 
market and by a fall in demand in that market. The Court recalled that institutions are 
under  an  obligation  to  consider  whether  the  injury  on  which  they  intend  to  base  their 
conclusions  actually  derives  from  the  dumped  imports  and  must  disregard  any  injury 
deriving from other factors, particularly from the conduct of EU producers themselves. 
The  Court  found  that  that  consumption  of  the  product  concerned  rose  over  all  ranges. 
The  material  injury  suffered  by  the  EU  industry  could  not  therefore  be  caused  by  the 
alleged  stagnation  of  demand  in  the  upper  segment  of  the  market,  since  that  was  not 
established. The Court also referred to the contested regulation which explained that, far 
from constituting an independent strategic decision, the shifting of the EU industry was 
merely  the  consequence  of  fierce  competition  in  the  low-end  segment  of  the  market 
caused, in particular, by imports from Pakistan. The Court also found that the Council 
managed to sufficiently assess the impact of imports from other countries in the context 
of  examining  other  facts  in  the  causation  analysis  as  well  as  correctly  assessing  the 
collective impact of other factors causing injury to the EU industry.  

The applicant also alleged that the Council erred in law by failing to examine whether 
the  abolition  of  the  previous  anti-dumping  duties  on  products  from  Pakistan,  and  the 
implementation  of  a  generalised  scheme  of  preferences  at  the  start  of  2002,  had  the 
effect of breaking the causal link between the injury suffered by the EU industry and the 
imports from Pakistan, as their immediate cumulative effect was to reduce the cost of 
those  imports  by  approximately  20%.  Given  that  the  Court  of  Justice  held  in  the 
judgment of 14 November 2013 that ‘the measures at issue which facilitate and promote 
imports  are  only  indirect  causes  and  cannot  be  regarded  as  ‘other  factors’  within  the 
meaning of Article 3(7) of the basic regulation, the plea was rejected. 

The  applicant  also  alleged  that  the  Council  infringed  Article 3(7)  of  the  basic  anti-
dumping Regulation, and Article 3.5 of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, by failing 
to undertake an examination of the collective impact of other causal factors. Therefore, 
the  investigating  authority  improperly  attributed  the  effects  of  ‘other  factors’  to  the 
imports  concerned.  The  court  recalled  the  findings  of  the  Appellate  Body  in  ‘Anti-
Dumping  Duties  on  Malleable  Cast  Iron  Tube  or  Pipe  Fittings  from  Brazil’  where  it 
interpreted  Article 3.5  of  the  WTO  Anti-Dumping  Agreement  as  not  requiring  the 
authorities  responsible  for  the  investigation  to  examine  the  collective  impact  of  other 
causal factors where they fulfil their obligation not to attribute to dumped imports the 
injuries caused by other causal factors.  

In sum, the GC rules that the applicant had failed to  prove  that  the  EU had  erred and 
dismissed the case.  

Solar  glass  originating  in  China  -  T‑586/14  -  Xinyi  PV  Products  (Anhui)  Holdings 
Ltd v Commission – Judgment of 16 March 2016 

On  16  March  2016  Xinyi  PV  Products,  (the  applicant)  sought  the  annulment  of 
Commission  Implementing  Regulation  (EU)  No  470/2014  imposing  a  definitive  anti-
dumping  duty  and  collecting  definitively  the  provisional  duty  imposed  on  imports  of 
solar glass originating in China. 

EN 

49 

   EN 

 
The applicant alleged an infringement of Article 2(7)(c), third indent of the basic anti-
dumping  Regulation  when  examining  its  application  for  Market  Economy  Treatment. 
According to the applicant, the Commission wrongly concluded that its production costs 
and financial situation were distorted. 

In particular the case concerned the evaluation of the tax incentives that the exporting 
producer benefited from, and whether this tax incentive constituted a distortion in light 
of Article 2(7)(c), third indent. According to the applicant, the same tax incentives are 
used by several market economies in Europe in order to attract investments and support 
economic  activities.  Consequentially,  it  should  not  be  concluded  that,  in  relation  to 
People's  Republic  of  China,  similar  tax  incentives  are  "carried  over"  from  the  non-
market economy system of the country. 

The General Court held that the Commission committed a manifest error of assessment 
in  not  granting  market  economy  treatment  to  the  exporting  producer  in  question, 
disregarding  the  evidence  presented  that  the  costs  of  production  and  the  financial 
situation of the undertaking were not distorted. In fact, according to the General Court, 
the Commission could not prove that the tax schemes at issue did not pursue legitimate 
objectives. Therefore, the support granted by China to the high-tech sector, constituted a 
legitimate objective in a normal market economy system. Furthermore, the objective of 
attracting  foreign  investments  is  also  pursued  by  a  good  number  of  countries  with  a 
market economy, and thus does not per se belong to a non-market economy system. For 
these reasons, the General Court decided to annul the contested regulation. 

The judgment is under appeal. 

Biodiesel  originating  in  Argentina  and  Indonesia  -  T‑112/14  to  T‑116/14  and 
T‑119/14-  Molinos  Río  de  la  Plata  SA  and  others  v  Council  –  Judgment  of  15 
September 2016. 

On 15 September 2016, several Indonesian and Argentinean exporters of biodiesel (the 
applicants)  claimed,  in  Case  T‑119/14,  the  annulment  of  Council  Implementing 
Regulation (EU) No 1194/2013 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting 
definitively  the  provisional  duty  imposed  on  imports  of  biodiesel  originating  in 
Argentina  and  Indonesia,  and,  in  Cases  T‑112/14  to  T‑116/14,  the  annulment  of  that 
regulation in so far as it imposes an anti-dumping duty on the applicants. 

The crucial claim presented by the applicants related to an alleged infringement of the 
first and second subparagraphs of Article 2(5) of the basic anti-dumping Regulation and 
an infringement of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. The applicants claimed that the 
Council’s disregarded the costs of the main raw materials verified in the records of the 
exporting producers, considering it artificially low, because of distortions of prices due 
to the differential export tax (DET) system.  

The  General  Court  analysed  the  exception  provided  for  in  Article  2(5)  of  the  anti-
dumping Regulation. It affirmed that a measure issued by the public authorities of the 
exporting country can lead the European Institutions to not consider, when calculating 
the  normal  value,  the  prices  of  the  raw  materials  provided  during  the  investigation  by 
the  parties.  This  exception  however  should  be  strictly  interpreted  and  it  applies  only 
when there is an appreciable distortion of the prices of the raw materials. 

According  to  the  General  Court,  the  institutions  explained  the  effects  that  the  DET 
system had on the availability and prices of the raw materials in the domestic market. 
The Institutions also analysed and compared the relationship between the international 

EN 

50 

   EN 

 
prices and the domestic prices of the raw materials in question. However, according to 
the  General  Court,  what  the  Institutions  failed  to  do  was  to  provide  a  specific 
explanation  of  the  impact  that  this  tax  system  had  on  the  domestic  prices  of  the  raw 
material. Moreover, they did not sufficiently explain in what this system differed from a 
system without differential rates for export taxes, specifically in relation to the prices of 
the raw materials and biodiesel. 

Hence, the General Court annulled the contested regulation because of an infringement 
of Article 2(5) of the anti-dumping Regulation. According to the Court, the Institutions 
failed to meet the legal standard when affirming that there was a distortion of the prices 
of  the  main  raw  materials  attributable  to  the  DET  system,  and  consequentially, 
disregarded  the  prices  of  the  raw  material  contained  in  the  records  of  the  exporting 
producer, considering it not reasonably reflected in the books. 

These judgments are under appeal. 

Hand pallet trucks and their essential parts originating in China - T‑351/13 - Crown 
Equipment (Suzhou) Co. Ltd v Council – Judgment of 18 October 2016. 

On  18  October  2016,  Crown  Equipment  (the  applicant)  sought  annulment  of  Council 
Implementing Regulation (EU) No 372/2013 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 
No 1008/2011 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of hand pallet trucks 
and their essential parts originating in China following a partial interim review pursuant 
to Article 11(3) of the basic anti-dumping Regulation. 

The  applicant  put  forward  three  pleas  in  law.  With  the  first  plea  it  claimed  that  the 
Council made a manifest error of assessment and breached its obligation to state reasons 
when  selecting  Brazil  as  an  analogue  country.  With  the  second  plea,  the  applicant 
claimed that the Council failed to take into consideration the distorting effect caused by 
the 14% import duty in the analogue country in the adjustment of the normal value, and 
therefore,  have  breached  its  obligation  to  state  reasons.  Finally,  with  the  last  plea,  the 
applicant claimed that the Council misapplied the lesser duty rule infringing Article 9(4) 
of  the  basic  anti-dumping  Regulation,  when  comparing  the  dumping  margin  in  the 
contested  regulation  with  the  injury  elimination  level  in  the  original  investigation  in 
2005. 

Commencing  from  the  last  plea,  the  General  Court  stated  that  when  the  scope  of  an 
interim review is limited to dumping, and hence a new dumping margin is determined, it 
is  possible  to  rely  on  the  "old"  injury  margin  established  in  the  original  investigation 
and on that apply the lesser duty rule, as long as the margin established in the original 
investigation  is  still  representative.  The  institutions  started  an  interim  review  just  in 
relation to the dumping, due to insufficient evidence justifying the initiation of a review 
regarding  injury.  However,  the  applicant  could  have  requested  a  review  also  on  the 
injury, but, failed to do so. Thus, the General Court rejected this plea based on the fact 
that the Institutions did not err in law and did not commit a manifest error of assessment 
when considering that the injury margin was still valid and representative at the time of 
the review of the dumping, and used the lesser duty rule based on these margins. 

According  to  the  first  plea  in  law,  the  choice  of  Brazil  as  an  analogue  country,  the 
General Court affirmed that notwithstanding the impact that a 14% import duty has on 
the price of the hand pallet trucks sold in Brazil, the imposition of such duty, could not 
automatically lead to the conclusion that the market related to the product concerned is 
not ruled by normal market conditions and forces. Consequently, the institutions could 
consider Brazil as an appropriate analogue country. 

EN 

51 

   EN 

 
Finally, the General Court had to decide whether Article 2(7) of the basic anti-dumping 
Regulation  was  infringed  when  the  Council  did  not  take  account  of  the  effect  of  the 
14%  import  duty  imposed  by  the  Brazilian  authorities,  when  determining  the  normal 
value. 

In this regard, the Court used the same of reasoning used in relation to the first plea to 
reject this claim. It was in fact apparent that if the institutions were entitled to consider 
there was genuine competition on the Brazilian market, it was also possible to correctly 
determine the normal value on the basis of the prices of that market.  

For all the aforementioned reasons the Court dismissed the entire action. 

11.5. 

Judgments rendered by the Court of Justice 

In  2016,  the  Court  of  Justice  (CJ)  rendered  15  judgments  relating  to  the  area  of  anti-
dumping. Of those judgments, 7 concerned appeals against the judgments of the General 
Court  and  8  judgments  were  in  reply  to  requests  for  a  preliminary  ruling.  Details  of 
some of the cases are set out below. 

Citrus fruits originating in China - C-283/14 and C-284/14 - CM Eurologistik GmbH 
and  Grünwald  Logistik  Service  GmbH  (GLS)  (Preliminary  Ruling)  -  Judgment  of 
28 January 2016. 

On 28 January 2016, the parties requested a preliminary ruling concerning the validity 
of  Council  Implementing  Regulation  (EU)  No 158/2013  re-imposing  a  definitive  anti-
dumping  duty  on  imports  of  certain  prepared  or  preserved  citrus  fruits  originating  in 
China.  The  measures  were  re-imposed  as  a  result  of  an  investigation  implementing 
rulings of the Court of Justice. The preliminary ruling addresses fundamental points in 
relation to such proceedings.  

The Court of Justice observed that, where an irregularity has been committed during an 
investigation,  the  institutions  in  question  must  be  able  to  reopen  the  procedure  at  the 
stage  of  the  investigation  at  which  the  irregularity  was  committed.  Such  reopening  of 
the investigation is not subject to the 15 month deadline set out Article 6(9) of the basic 
anti-dumping  Regulation.  According  to  the  Court,  Article  6(9)  covers  only  the  initial 
procedures and not those procedures that have been reopened following a judgment of 
annulment or invalidity. 

Furthermore, the Court of Justice stated that in circumstances when the institutions are 
required  to  act  on  the  consequences  of  a  ruling  of  invalidity  in  order  to  remedy  to  an 
irregularity,  this  affects  only  the  procedural  part  undertaken  and  not  also  the  data 
collected during the investigation, as long as, it remains sufficiently recent. This line of 
reasoning  led  to  the  conclusion  that  after  the  reopening  of  the  procedure,  the  Council 
and  the  Commission  could,  without  infringing  Article 6(1)  of  the  basic  anti-dumping 
Regulation,  refrain  from  relying  on  an  updated  reference  period  for  the  purposes  of 
determining the normal value of the product concerned. 

Certain  seamless  pipes  and  tubes  of  iron  or  steel  originating  in  China -  C-186/14  P 
and  C-193/14  P  -  ArcelorMittal  Tubular  Products  Ostrava  and  Others  v  Hubei 
Xinyegang Steel Co. Ltd. (Appeal) - Judgment of 7 April 2016. 

On 7 April 2016, the Court of Justice (CJ)delivered its judgment in the above mentioned 
case.  ArcelorMittal  Tubular  Products  Ostrava  and  other  Union  producers  (the 
appellants)  had  asked  the  COJ  to  set  aside  the  judgment  of  the  General  Court  of  29 

EN 

52 

   EN 

 
 
January 2014 (T‑528/09) whereby the General Court (GC) annulled Council Regulation 
(EC)  No  926/2009  imposing  a  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  on  imports  of  certain 
seamless pipes and tubes of iron or steel originating in China.  

By way of background, in December 2009, a Chinese exporter, Hubei Xinyegang Steel 
Co.  Ltd  (‘Hubei’)  had  sought  the  annulment  of  the  regulation  concerned  before  the 
General Court.  The GC found that the Council had made a manifest error of assessment 
(i)  in  confirming  the  Commission’s  finding  that  the  EU  industry  was  in  a  vulnerable 
state at the end of the investigation period and (ii) in holding that, in the case, there was 
a threat of injury. The GC therefore annulled the regulation at issue. 

The appellants contested, in the context of the examination of the existence of a threat 
of  injury,  that  the  GC  erred  in  law  by  ascribing  to  the  concept  of  ‘vulnerability’  an 
independent meaning and importance that it does not have. The Council also maintained 
that the GC failed to take into account all the factors that had to be considered in order 
to establish the existence, not only of an injury, but also of a situation of vulnerability 
and in its assessment, distorted the evidence submitted to it. 

According to the CJ, the GC found that the economic data on which the Council and the 
Commission  had  relied  did  not  support  their  conclusion,  but,  on  the  contrary,  as  a 
whole,  painted  a  picture  of  an  industry  in  a  situation  of  strength,  not  of  fragility  or 
vulnerability. The GC did not regard the vulnerability of the EU industry as a condition 
enabling  a  threat  of  injury  to  be  found.  The  CJ  also  held  that  the  GC's  review  of  the 
evidence  on  which  the  EU  institutions  based  their  findings  did  not  constitute  a  new 
assessment of the facts replacing that made by the institutions.  Accordingly the claim 
was rejected. 

In their second claim the appellants took issue with the GC for having held that, in order 
to  determine  whether  there  was  a  threat  of  injury,  factors  such  as  the  contraction  in 
demand must not be attributed to the dumped imports. In addition it was claimed that 
the  GC  committed  an  error  of  law  by  wrongly  merging  the  analysis  of  the  ‘threat  of 
injury’  with  that  of  the  ‘causal  link’,  even  though  those  two  concepts  are  clearly 
distinguished in the basic regulation.  

The CJ found that in line with Article 3(7) of the basic anti-dumping Regulation, known 
factors  other  than  the  dumped  imports  which  at  the  same  time  are  injuring  the  EU 
industry  are  to  be  examined  to  ensure  that  injury  caused  by  these  other  factors  is  not 
attributed to the dumped imports. One of those factors mentioned in that provision is the 
contraction in demand. The Court also found that the GC had not committed an error of 
law  by  wrongly  merging  the  analysis  of  the  ‘threat  of  injury’  with  that  of  the  ‘causal 
link  and  that  in  fact  the  appellants'  arguments  were  based  on  a  misreading  of  the 
judgment under appeal. 

In their third claim the appellants maintained that the GC infringed both Article 3(9) and 
Article 6(1)  of  basic  anti-dumping  Regulation  by  using  the  post-investigation  period 
data arguing that it was not reliable.  

However, the CJ confirmed that while, as a general rule, post-investigation period data 
are not to be taken into account for the purpose of the investigation of the dumping and 
the  injury,  in  specific  circumstances  the  EU  institutions  are  entitled  to  use  post-
investigation  period  data.  In  fact,  this  is  proven  by  using  the  adverb  ‘normally’  in  the 

EN 

53 

   EN 

 
provision, from which it is possible to entail that it was not intended to exclude entirely 
the consideration of such data. Thus the claim was also rejected.  

All  the  appeals  brought  by  the  appellants  were  dismissed  in  their  entirety  and  the 
appellants were ordered to pay the costs, with the Commission ordered to bear its own 
costs. 

Ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in China - C‑31/15 P - Photo USA 
Electronic Graphic Inc. (Appeal) – Judgment of 2 June 2016. 

On 2 June 2016, the CJ delivered its judgment after a request by Photo USA to set aside 
the  judgment  of  the  General  Court  of  the  European  Union  of  November  2014  (T-
394/13),  by  which  that  court  dismissed  its  application  for  annulment  of  Council 
Implementing  Regulation  (EU)  No  412/2013  imposing  a  definitive  anti-dumping  duty 
on imports of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in China.  

By way of background, Photo USA is a Chinese company which produces and exports 
plain  polyester-coated  ceramic  mugs  to  the  European  Union.  In  the  context  of  the 
original investigation Photo USA requested that the mugs they export be excluded from 
the products concerned by the investigation. This request was rejected and the mugs in 
question  were  subject  to  the  measures  imposed  in  May  2013.  In  August  2013,  Photo 
USA  brought  an  action  for  annulment  of  the  contested  regulation  before  the  general 
court  raising  four  pleas  in  law.  The  General  Court  rejected  all  those  pleas  in  the 
judgment under appeal. 

The appeal to the CJ was mainly based on four pleas.  

In its first ground of appeal, Photo USA takes issue with the General Court for imposing 
on  it  an  unreasonable  burden  of  proof.  The  General  Court  had  taken  the  view  that, 
despite  finding  that  the  Council  had  misinterpreted  one  of  the  three  factors  deemed 
relevant for the inclusion of the mugs at issue in the definition of the goods concerned 
by  the  investigation,  it  was  for  the  appellant  to  show  that  an  error  had  been  made  in 
respect of all three of the factors identified. The CJ found that the GC did not err in law 
and did not impose an unreasonable burden of proof on the appellant when it held that 
the crucial issue was whether the product concerned (because of its characteristics and 
the  perception  which  consumers  have  of  it)  was  in  competition  with  other  goods  of 
European Union. 

In its second ground of appeal, Photo USA claimed that the General Court distorted the 
facts  and  evidence  by  asserting,  that  mugs  of  the  kind  at  issue  were  produced  in  the 
European  Union.  According  to  Photo  USA,  there  was  nothing  in  the  file  submitted  to 
the General Court to suggest that such goods are actually produced.  

The CJ recalled that the General Court has exclusive jurisdiction, first, to find the facts, 
except where the substantive inaccuracy of its findings is apparent from the documents 
submitted  to  it,  and,  second,  to  assess  those  facts.  The  second  plea  was  therefore 
rejected because it was not obvious from the arguments put forward that the facts and 
evidence were distorted. 

EN 

54 

   EN 

 
 
In its third ground of appeal, the appellant claimed that the General Court erred in its 
interpretation of Article 3(2) and (7) of the basic anti-dumping Regulation. The General 
Court  considered  that  the  institutions  were  relieved  of  any  obligation  to  analyse  the 
impact  of  anti-competitive  practices  because,  even  though  the  German  competition 
authority  was  conducting  an  investigation,  it  was  common  ground  that  that  authority 
had not taken a final decision at the time the contested regulation was adopted.  

The third ground of appeal was also rejected. At the time the contested regulation was 
adopted,  the  investigation  of  the  German  competition  authority  was  still  ongoing. 
Therefore,  the  Court  found  that  the  institutions  were  not  obliged,  when  examining 
whether there was injury, to take into account future results of that investigation, which 
at  the  time  was  still  pending.  In  this  context  the  CoJ  found  the  GC  endorsed  the 
institutions’ analysis as regards microeconomic and macroeconomic factors and did not 
have recourse to assumptions. 

In  the  fourth  ground  of  appeal,  the  appellant  claimed  a  distortion  of  the  facts  and 
evidence  insofar  as  the  General  Court  carried  out  its  review  without  knowing  the 
identity  of  the  EU  producers  that  formed  part  of  the  sample  taken  into  account  in  the 
anti-dumping investigation. Therefore, it was not able to verify whether some of those 
producers were also being investigated by the German competition authority.  

The fourth plea was rejected. According to the CJ, the GC did not need to be aware of 
the  identity  of  the  EU  producers  forming  part  of  the  sample  taken  into  account  in  the 
anti-dumping  investigation  in  order  to  be  in  a  position  to  ascertain  whether  some  of 
those producers were also being investigated by the German competition authority. The 
CJ found that the General Court’s review was carried out on the basis of other aspects of 
the  anti-dumping  investigation,  namely  the  microeconomic  indicators.  Therefore,  the 
Court  of  Justice  concluded  that  the  alleged  distortion  of  facts  and  evidence  was 
unfounded. 

The appeal was dismissed in its entirety and the appellant was ordered to pay the costs.  

Certain fatty alcohols and their blends originating in India, Indonesia and Malaysia - 
C‑468/15 P - PT Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Musim Semi Mas (PT Musim Mas) 
v Council (Appeal) – Judgment of 26 October 2016. 

On 26 October 2016, the CJ issued a judgment in the above case. PTMM, the appellant, 
seeks  to  have  set  aside  the  judgment  of  the  General  Court  of  the  European  Union  T-
26/12  by  which  that  Court  dismissed  its  action  seeking  the  annulment  of  Council 
Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1138/2011 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty 
on imports of certain fatty alcohols and their blends originating in India, Indonesia and 
Malaysia  and  of  Council  Implementing  Regulation  (EU)  No  1241/2012  amending 
Implementing  Regulation  No  1138/2011.  The  duties  applicable  to  PTMM  amount  to 
EUR 45.63 per tonne. 

PTMM is a company established in Indonesia which produces, inter alia, fatty alcohols. 
It  markets  its  products  in  the  European  Union  through,  on  the  one  hand,  two  related 
companies  established  in  Singapore  and,  on  the  other,  a  company  established  in 
Germany,  ICOF  Europe  GmbH  (‘ICOF E’).  The  companies  in  Singapore  are  Inter-
Continental  Oils  &  Fats  Pte  Ltd  (‘ICOF S’)  and  Besdale  Trading  Pte  Ltd.  ICOF  S  is 

EN 

55 

   EN 

 
 
wholly controlled by shareholders which also control PTMM, ICOF S in turn controls 
ICOF E.  

In  January  2012, PTMM  brought  an  action  for  annulment  of  the  contested  regulations 
before  the  General  Court,  relying  on  four  pleas  in  law  which  were  dismissed  in  their 
entirety. PTMM's appeal to the Court of Justice was equally rejected.  

The appellant put forward  four  grounds.  The first three grounds of  appeal related to a 
claim of an infringement of Article 2(10) of the basic anti-dumping Regulation, while 
the  fourth  ground  of  appeal  was  based  on  an  alleged  infringement  of  the  principle  of 
sound administration.  

One of the main issues addressed was the concept of "single economic entity" (SEE) in 
the  light  of  Article  2(10)(i)  of  the  basic  anti-dumping  Regulation,  which  according  to 
the appellant was wrongly applied by the General Court. In particular the central issue 
was the existence of a SEE and the adjustment for commission under Article 2(10)(i). 
The GC judgment had endorsed the Commission's/Council's finding  that  there was  no 
SEE  between  the  Indonesian  exporting  producer  of  fatty  alcohols,  PTMM,  and  its 
related trader, ICOF S, located in Singapore, as the functions of the ICOF S were not of 
an  internal  sales  department  of  PTMM.  Three  factors  were  found  important  for  this 
conclusion:  a  large  proportion  of  the  sales  of  the  trader  related  to  products  from 
unrelated producers; existence of a written contract between PTMM and ICOF S; and a 
large proportion of sales were directly invoiced by the producer, PTMM. The CJ found 
that  the  GC  did  not  err  in  law  when,  in  assessing  whether  a  SEE  existed,  it  took  into 
account  the  activities  of  the  related  trader  relating  to  products  other  than  the  product 
concerned,  as  well  as  the  proportion  of  sales  made  by  that  distributor  that  related  to 
products from unrelated producers. 

The second ground of appeal alleged a discriminatory and insufficient reasoning and the 
misuse of the evidence, as well as alleging breach of the rules pertaining to the burden 
of proof in the application of Article 2(10)(i) of the basic anti-dumping Regulation.  

Regarding  the  argument  that  the  reasoning  in  the  judgment  under  appeal  is 
discriminatory and insufficient, the CJ pointed out that, according to case-law, the GC is 
not required to provide an account that follows exhaustively and one by one all of the 
arguments articulated by the parties to the case. In this context the CJ found that the GC 
had, in its judgment, sufficiently reasoned its grounds for rejecting certain pleas. As a 
result, the appeal was rejected as unfounded. As regards the alleged misuse of evidence 
by the General Court, the CJ recalled that, according to case-law, save where evidence 
is distorted, the Court of Justice has no jurisdiction to establish the facts or, in principle, 
to examine the evidence which the General Court accepted in support of those facts.  

The  CJ  rejected  the  hypothesis  that  there  was  a  breach  of  the  rules  pertaining  to  the 
burden of proof in the application of Article 2(10)(i) of the basic regulation. In fact, the 
Court stated with clarity that no presumption exists, in the context of the application of 
Article 2(10)(i) that two related companies are not operated independently, and that they 
are tied together by compensatory arrangements. Consequentially there is no obligation 
for the EU institutions to demonstrate that the two entities are managed independently. 

As  regards  the  third  ground  of  appeal  PTMM  took  the  view  that  the  GC  ignored 
unrebutted  evidence  produced  during  the  anti-dumping  investigation  regarding  certain 

EN 

56 

   EN 

 
costs  relating  to  sales.  The  CJ  found  that  the  elements  which  PTMM  contested  fell 
within the scope of the General Court’s factual assessment. In accordance with relevant 
case-law, that assessment cannot be reviewed by the Court of Justice. Given that PTMM 
did  not  invoke  any  distortion  of  the  facts  or  evidence,  the  third  ground  of  appeal  was 
rejected as inadmissible. 

Regarding the fourth ground of appeal the appellant criticised the GC for not providing 
sufficient  reasoning  for  paragraph 117  of  the  judgment  under  appeal.  In  particular  the 
GC  did  not  indicate  to  which  documents  it  was  referring  when  it  stated  that  it  was 
‘apparent  from  the  documents  in  the  case  that  the  Council  found,  during  the 
administrative  procedure,  that  the  explanations  put  forward  by  [PTMM]  were 
unsubstantiated  and,  in  any  event,  irrelevant’.  The  CJ  found  that  while  the  General 
Court did not indicate, in paragraph 117 of the judgment under appeal, the documents to 
which it  was referring,  it  was nevertheless apparent from paragraphs 64 and 97 of the 
same judgment that the GC did explain the reasons why, and indicated the documents 
on the basis of which, it took the view that PTMM’s arguments were unsubstantiated.  
As a result the CJ rejected, as unfounded, the GC's alleged breach of the obligation to 
state reasons.  

12. 

ACTIVITIES  IN  THE  FRAMEWORK  OF  THE  WORLD  TRADE  ORGANIZATION 
(WTO) 

12.1.  Dispute  settlement  in  the  field  of  anti-dumping,  anti-subsidy  and 

safeguards 

12.1.1.  Overview of the WTO dispute settlement procedure 

The  WTO  provides  for  a  rigorous  procedure  for  the  settlement  of  disputes  between 
WTO  Members  concerning  the  application  of  the  WTO  agreements.  The  procedure  is 
divided  into  two  main  stages.  The  first  stage,  at  the  level  of  the  WTO  Members 
concerned,  consists  of  a  bilateral  consultation.  Upon  failure  of  the  consultation,  the 
second  stage  can  be  opened  by  requesting  the  WTO  Dispute  Settlement  Body  to 
establish a panel. WTO Members, other than the complaining and defending party, with 
an interest in a given case, can intervene as "third parties" before the panel. The panel 
issues  a  report,  which  can  be  appealed  before  the  Appellate  Body  ('AB')  (each  appeal 
being heard by three members of a permanent seven-member body set up by the Dispute 
Settlement Understanding (DSU)). Both the panel report and the report by the Appellate 
Body are adopted by the Dispute Settlement Body ('DSB') unless the latter rejects the 
report by unanimity. 

The findings of a panel or Appellate Body report have to be implemented by the WTO 
Member  whose  measures  have  been  found  to  be  inconsistent  with  the  relevant  WTO 
Agreements. If the complaining WTO Member is not satisfied with the way the reports 
are implemented, it can ask for the establishment of a so-called “implementation panel”. 
Here too, appeal against the findings of the panel is possible. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  anti-dumping,  anti-subsidy  and  safeguards  measures  are 
among the most common subject matters in WTO dispute settlement.  

Regarding the dispute settlement cases against the EU the main developments were:  

On 6 October 2016, the Appellate Body circulated its report in the case against the EU 
on Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Argentina. In the case concerning Anti-

EN 

57 

   EN 

 
Dumping Measures on Imports of Certain Fatty Alcohols from Indonesia (DS442), the 
panel issued its report on 16 December 2016.  

On 12 December 2016, China requested consultations with the EU on the provisions of 
the EU’s basic anti-dumping regulation which govern the establishment of normal value 
in relation to imports from China (DS516). In the second complaint by Russia against 
the  EU's  Cost  Adjustment  Methodologies  and  Certain  Anti-Dumping  Measures  on 
Imports from Russia (DS494), further consultations were held in 2016 and a panel was 
established  16  December  2016.  All  cases  with  the  exception  of  the  one  lodged  by 
Russia are described below. 

12.1.2. Dispute settlement procedures against the Union  

European Union – Measures related to Price Comparison Methodologies (DS516) 

treaty  provisions  would  apply 

On 12 December 2016, China requested consultations with the EU on the provisions of 
the EU’s basic anti-dumping regulation which govern the establishment of normal value 
in  relation  to  imports  from  China  (DS516).  In  its  request,  China  argued  that  when  it 
acceded  to  the  WTO,  China  and  other  WTO  Members  agreed  that,  for  a  transitional 
period  of  fifteen  years,  China-specific 
the 
determination  by  other  Members  of  certain  elements  of  "price  comparability"  in  anti-
dumping proceedings involving Chinese imports. Specifically, under paragraph 15(a)(ii) 
of  the  Protocol  on  the  Accession  of  China,  importing  WTO  Members  are,  subject  to 
certain  conditions,  exceptionally  permitted  to  use  a  methodology  not  based  on  a  strict 
comparison with domestic prices or costs in China. China argues that, from the date of 
expiry  of  paragraph  15(a)(ii)  on  11  December  2016,  the  European  Union  is  no  longer 
entitled to determine normal value on the basis of a special calculation methodology. A 
first round of consultations was held on 23 January 2017. The panel was subsequently 
established  on  3  April  2017.  The  panel  members  were  appointed  by  the  Director 
General of the WTO on 10 July 2017. 

to 

It should be noted that, on 12 December 2016, China also requested consultations with 
the  USA  on  the  continued  application  by  the  US  of  non-market  economy  dumping 
calculation methodology in relation to imports from China (DS515). 

European Union — Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Argentina (DS473)  

On 6 October 2016, the Appellate Body circulated its report in DS473. The main issue 
at stake in that dispute concerned the second sentence of Article 2(5) of the basic anti-
dumping EU regulation according to which "if costs associated with the production and 
sale of the product under investigation are not reasonably reflected in the records of the 
party concerned, they shall be adjusted or established on the costs of other producers or 
exporters in the same country or, where such information is not available or cannot be 
used,  on  any  other  reasonable  basis,  including  information  from  other  representative 
markets".  

The  Appellate  Body  confirmed  the  panel's  findings  that  Article  2(5)  of  the  basic  anti-
dumping EU regulation which is the provision used in the biodiesel case to adjust the 
costs  of  the  Argentinian  producers  was  WTO-consistent.  It  also  confirmed  all  other 
findings  of  the  panel  and  rejected  all  the  appeals  made  by  the  European  Union  and 
Argentina. In particular, the EU did not succeed in its appeal on the panel's finding on 
the  use  of  international  prices  in  this  case.  However,  it  did  not  follow  Argentina's 
argument that it was outright prohibited to use information or evidence from outside the 
country of origin in anti-dumping calculations. This being said, the AB confirmed that 

EN 

58 

   EN 

 
this information  needs to  be  used  to establish the cost of  production in the country of 
origin, in this case Argentina. Pursuant to Article 21.3(b) of the Understanding on Rules 
and Procedures governing the Settlement of Disputes, the EU and Argentina agreed that 
the  reasonable  period  of  time  to  implement  the  recommendation  and  ruling  of  the 
Appellate  Body  would  expire  on  10  August  2017.  On  that  basis,  the  Commission 
initiated  on  20  December  2016  a  review  based on  Articles  1(3)  and  2(3)  of  the  WTO 
enabling  Regulation  to  bring  the  anti-dumping  measures  imposed  on  imports  of 
biodiesel from Argentina into conformity with the above recommendations and rulings 
(OJ,  C  476/3).  The  Commission  considered  that  this  review  should  also  cover  the 
situation of dumping in Indonesia because in the pending WTO dispute European Union 
— Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Indonesia (DS480) essentially the same 
claims are raised. 

European  Union  -  Anti-Dumping  Measures  on  Imports  of  Certain  Fatty  Alcohols 
from Indonesia (DS442) 

The panel report was circulated on 16 December 2016. 

The  panel  rejected  Indonesia's  claims  concerning  the  consistency  of  the  EU's  analysis 
with  WTO  rules.  These  concerned  the  treatment  of  commissions  paid  by  exporters  to 
related  traders  in  dumping  calculations  and  the  analysis  of  "other  known  factors"  also 
causing  injury  to  EU  industry.  However,  the  panel  also  considered  that  the  EU 
authorities  failed  to  properly  make  available  or  disclose  the  results  of  the  verification 
visits to the Indonesian company. In relation to  the Dispute  Settlement Procedure, the 
panel rejected the EU request for a preliminary ruling that its authority had lapsed after 
the panel composition was suspended by Indonesia for more than 12 months. 

On 10 February 2017, Indonesia appealed the findings of the panel before the Appellate 
Body. The Union subsequently notified a decision of further appeal. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  anti-dumping  measures  on  imports  of  fatty  alcohol  from 
Indonesia expired on 12 November 2016. 

European  Union  –  Cost  Adjustment  Methodologies  and  Certain  Anti-Dumping 
Measures on Imports from Russia — (Second complaint) (DS494) 

In DS494, further consultations were held in 2016. Subsequently, Russia requested the 
establishment of a panel which took place on 16 December 2016.  

European  Union  –  Countervailing  Measures  on  Imports  of  PET  from  Pakistan 
(DS486) 

In DS486, the panel established in March 2015 continued its work in 2016. The EU and 
Pakistan exchanged their Second Written Submission and the Panel held two meetings 
with parties and third parties on 21 September and 29 November 2016 respectively. 

This dispute concerns countervailing measures that expired on 30 September 2015. The 
panel circulated its report on 6 July 2017. The main finding concerned the disciplines in 
relation to duty drawback schemes and the benefit accruing therefrom. The panel found 
that  the  Commission  acted  inconsistently  with  Article  1.1(a)(1)(ii)  of  the  SCM 
Agreement by failing to provide a reasoned and adequate explanation for why the entire 
amount  of  remitted  duties  was  “in  excess  of  those  which  have  accrued”  within  the 
meaning of footnote 1 of the SCM Agreement. The Commission decided to appeal the 
findings.  

12.2.  Other WTO activities 

EN 

59 

   EN 

 
Discussions on fisheries subsidies were reinvigorated following the entry into force of a 
Sustainable Development Goal 14 target 6 ('SDG 14.6') on 1 January 2016. The EU has 
a  clear  interest  in  strengthening  disciplines  on  fisheries  subsidies  in  the  WTO. 
Therefore, in October 2016 the European Union tabled, at the WTO, a concrete textual 
proposal aimed at implementing SDG 14.6, namely to prohibit certain forms of fisheries 
subsidies  which  contribute  to  overcapacity  and  overfishing,  eliminate  subsidies  that 
contribute  to  illegal,  unreported  and  unregulated  fishing  (IUU)  and  refrain  from 
introducing  new  such  subsidies.  The  proposal  also  contains  provisions  on  enhanced 
transparency as well as disciplines on special and differential treatment for developing 
and least developed countries. The EU is actively involved in WTO negotiations with 
the aim of achieving a multilateral agreement on fisheries subsidies at WTO Ministerial 
Conference 11 to be held in December 2017 in Buenos Aires. 

In 2016, in line with its WTO obligations, the EU participated in the continuing review 
of  the  2015  subsidy  notification  in  the  two  special  sessions  of  the  Subsidies  and 
Countervailing Committee which were held in April and October 2016. In addition the 
Commission  services  participated  in  the  regular  work  of  the  WTO  Anti-dumping, 
Subsidies  and  Countervailing  and  Safeguards  Committees.  In  October  2016  the  EU 
(along  with  Canada,  Japan  and  the  US)  presented  a  paper  in  the  WTO  Subsidies  and 
Countervailing  Committee  regarding  the  links  between  subsidies  and  the  creation  of 
excess capacity in various sectors of economic activity.  

At  meetings  of  the  Implementation  Group  (a  sub-group  of  the  Anti-dumping 
Committee) in April and October 2016, members shared information on 'Gathering and 
compilation  of  injury  data'  and  'Treatment  of  confidential  data  in  Anti-dumping 
investigations'. In this context, the EU presented information on the relevant rules and 
practice applicable for trade defence in the EU.  

The Technical Group, a subgroup of the DDA Negotiating Group, was convened twice 
during the year. The group discussed a number of issues relating to the practical aspects 
of conducting anti-dumping investigations including product matching and adjustments 
and alternative methods for determining normal value.  

13. 

CONCLUSION 

The year 2016 saw a slight increase in the number of new investigations opened, on the 
backdrop  of  a  prolonged  crisis  caused  largely  by  industrial  overcapacities  in  China, 
notably,  but  not  limited  to,  the  steel  sector.  This  reflects  the  number  of  complaints 
received  from  industry  that  included  sufficient  evidence  to  support  allegations  of 
injurious dumping or subsidies from EU industry. There was a decrease in the numbers 
of  provisional  and  definitive  measures  imposed,  as  well  as  in  the  number  of  review 
investigations  initiated.  As  was  the  case  with  previous  years,  no  safeguard  action  was 
taken by the EU. 

2016  was  marked  by  the  preparation  for,  and  adoption  of,  a  legislative  proposal  in 
November to change the EU's trade defence legislation in order to ensure that the EU 
would be equipped with sufficiently robust instruments to deal with the challenges faced 
by industry. In this context the Commission conducted an Impact assessment as well as 
a  public  consultation  and  actively  engaged  with  interested  parties  across  the  whole 
spectrum of economic interest in the EU and also from third countries.  

At the same time, the Commission services very actively engaged with the Council in 
relation  to  the  discussion  on  the  Trade  Defence  Instruments  Modernisation  initiative. 

EN 

60 

   EN 

 
This effort finally culminated in the Council reaching a compromise position at the end 
of 2016 allowing the next legislative step, i.e. the trilogues, to start.  

EN 

61 

   EN 

 
12.1.  LIST OF ANNEXES 

ANNEXES  

SUMMARY 

ANNEX A 

New investigations, including reopenings, initiated during the period 1 January 
– 31 December 2016 

ANNEX B 

New investigations initiated  

ANNEX C 

Imposition of provisional duties in the course of new investigations during the 
period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

ANNEX D 

New investigations concluded by the imposition of definitive duties during the 
period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

ANNEX E 

New investigations terminated without imposition of measures during the period 
1 January – 31 December 2016 

ANNEX F 

Expiry reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January – 31 
December 2016 

ANNEX G 

Interim reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January – 31 
December 2016 

ANNEX H 

Other reviews concluded during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

ANNEX I 

ANNEX J 

New exporter reviews initiated or concluded during the period 1 January – 31 
December 2016 

Anti-absorption investigations initiated or concluded during the period 1 January 
– 31 December 2016 

ANNEX K 

Anti-circumvention investigations initiated or concluded during the period 1 
January – 31 December 2016 

ANNEX L 

Safeguard investigations initiated or concluded during the period 1 January – 31 
December 2016 

ANNEX M 

Undertakings accepted or repealed during the period 1 January – 31 December 
2016 

ANNEX N  Measures which expired during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

ANNEX O 

Definitive anti-dumping measures in force on 31 December 2016 

ANNEX P 

Definitive anti-subsidy measures in force on 31 December 2016 

ANNEX Q 

Undertakings in force on 31 December 2016 

ANNEX R 

Anti-dumping & anti-subsidy investigations pending on 31 December 2016 
(including cases were provisional measures were imposed) 

ANNEX S 

Court cases pending on 31 December 2016 

ANNEX T 

Safeguard and surveillance measures in force on 31 December 2016 

EN 

62 

   EN 

 
Annex A 

12.1.1.  New 

investigations 

initiated 

during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

A. 

Anti-dumping investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

OJ Reference 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron (other than cast 
iron) or steel (other than stainless steel), of 
circular cross section, of an external diameter 
exceeding 406,4 mm 

China 

C58; 13.02.2016, p.30 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or other 
alloy steel 

China 

C58; 13.02.2016, p.9 

Heavy plate of non-alloy or other alloy steel 

China 

C58; 13.02.2016, p.20 

Lightweight thermal paper 

South Korea 

C 62; 18.02.2016, p.7 

Concrete reinforcement bars and rods (rebars) 

Belarus 

C 114; 31.03.2016, p.3 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or other 
alloy steel 

Brazil, Iran, 
Russia, Serbia, 
Ukraine 

C 246; 07.07.2016, p.7 

Purified terephthalic acid 

Rep. Of Korea 

C 281; 03.08.2016, p.18 

Corrosion resistant steels 

China 

Cast iron articles 

China, India 

C 459; 09.12.2016, p.17 

C 461; 10.12.2016, p.22 

B. 

Anti-subsidy investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

OJ Reference 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or other 
alloy steel 

China 

C 172; 13.05.2016, p.29 

Top 

List of Annexes 

C. 

Reopenings (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Biodiesel 

Country of 
origin 

Argentina, 
Indonesia 

OJ Reference 

C 476; 20.12.2016; p.3 

EN 

63 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Country of 
origin 

OJ Reference 

Oxalic acid 

India, China 

C 148; 27.04.2016, p.18 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron or steel 

China 

C 331; 09.09.2016, p.4 

Stainless steel cold-rolled flat products 

Taiwan 

C 291; 11.08.2016, p.7 

Threaded tube or pipe cast fittings, of malleable 
cast iron 

China, Thailand, 
Indonesia 

C 398; 28.10.2016, p.57 

EN 

64 

   EN 

 
Annex B 

12.1.2.  New  investigations  initiated  by  product/country  2012  –  2016  (excluding  the 

reopenings) 

Product sector 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

Chemical and allied 

Textiles and allied 

Wood and paper 

Electronics 

Other mechanical engineering 

Iron and Steel 

Other metals 

Other 

Of which 

anti-dumping 

anti-subsidy 

-

-

-

2

1

11

-

5

19

13

6

1

3

-

-

-

1

-

4

9

4

5

2

-

-

-

-

9

3

2

16

14

2

6 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

- 

2 

14 

12 

2 

1

-

1

-

-

13

-

-

-

14

1

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

65 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. 

New investigations initiated by country of export during the period 

2012 – 2016 (excluding the reopenings) 

Country of origin 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

Argentina 

Belarus 

Brazil 

China 

India 

Indonesia 

Iran 

Georgia 

Japan 

Kazakhstan 

Korea (Rep. of) 

F.Y.R.O.M. 

Mexico 

Oman 

Russia 

Serbia 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Turkey 

Ukraine 

U.S.A. 

Vietnam 

Total  

2

-

-

7

2

3

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

-

-

19

-

-

-

6

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

9

-

-

-

6

2

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

2

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

- 

- 

1 

6 

2 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

-

1

1

6

1

0

1

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

1

-

-

16

14 

15

EN 

66 

   EN 

 
 
 
Annex C 

12.1.3.  Imposition 

of 

provisional 

duties  

during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

A. 

Anti-dumping investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin 

Regulation N° 

OJ Reference 

High fatigue performance steel 
concrete reinforcement bars 

Cold-rolled flat steel products 

Aspartame 

Heavy plate of non-alloy or 
other alloy steel 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Seamless pipes and tubes of 
iron (other than cast iron) or 
steel (other than stainless 
steel), of circular cross section, 
of an external diameter 
exceeding 406,4 mm 

China 

China  

Russia 

China 

China 

China 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/113 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/181  

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/262 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1777 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1778 

L 23; 29.01.2016, 
p.16 

L 37; 12.02.2016, 
p.1 

L 50; 26.02.2016, 
p.4 

L 272; 07.10.2016, 
p.5 

L 272; 07.10.2016, 
p.33 

China 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1977 

L 305; 12.11.2016, 
p.1 

Lightweight thermal paper 

Rep. Of Korea 

Concrete reinforcement bars 
and rods (rebars) 

Belarus 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/2005 

Commission 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/2303 

L 310; 17.11.2016, 
p.1 

L 345; 
20.12.2016; p.4 

B. 

Anti-subsidy investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin 

Regulation N° 

OJ Reference 

None 

Top 

EN 

List of Annexes 

67 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex D 

12.1.4.  New 

investigations 

- 

imposition 

of 

definitive 

duties 

during the period 1 January – 31 December 2016 

A. 

Anti-dumping investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin 

Regulation N° 

OJ Reference 

Tubes and pipes of ductile 
cast iron 

India 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/388 

L 73; 18.03.2016, 
p.1 

Sodium cyclamate (limited to 
two Chinese exporting 
producers Fang Da Food 
Additive (Shen Zhen) Limited 
and Fang Da Food Additive 
(Yang Quan) Limited) 

High fatigue performance 
steel concrete reinforcement 
bars 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1159 

L 192; 16.07.2016, 
p.23 

China 

China 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1246 

L 204; 29.07.2016, 
p.70 

Aspartame 

China 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1247 

L 204; 29.07.2016, 
p.92 

Cold-rolled flat steel products 

China, Russia 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1328 

L 210; 04.08.2016, 
p.1 

B. 

Anti-subsidy investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin 

Regulation N° 

OJ Reference 

Tubes and pipes of ductile 
cast iron 

India 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/387 

L 73; 18.03.2016, 
p.1 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

68 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex E 

12.1.5.  New 

investigations 

the 
during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 

terminated  without 

imposition  of  measures 

A. 

Anti-dumping investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin 

Decision N° 

OJ Reference 

Tartaric Acid (Hangzhou 
Bioking Biochemical 
Engineering Co. Ltd) 

Silicon Manganese 

Ceramic foam filters 

China 

India 

China 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/176 

L 33; 
10.02.2016, p.14 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/299 

L 57; 
03.03.2016, p.8 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1072 

L 178; 
02.07.2016, p.22 

Manganese oxides 

Brazil, Georgia, India, 
Mexico 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/2133 

L 331; 
06.12.2016, p.12 

B. 

Anti-subsidy investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin 

Decision N° 

OJ Reference 

European sea bass and 
gilthead sea bream 

Turkey 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1360 

L 215; 
10.08.2016, p.31 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

69 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex F 

12.1.6.  Expiry 
during 

reviews 
period 

the 

initiated 

or 

1 

January 

- 

31 

December 

concluded 
2016  

Product 

Country of origin 

OJ Reference 

Initiated 

Okoume plywood 

Filament glass fibre products 

Tungsten carbide 

Stainless steel bars and rods 

Melamine 

Coated fine paper (AD+AS) 

Open mesh fabrics of glass fibres 

Barium carbonate 

Ceramic tiles 

Hand pallet trucks and their ess. 
parts 

Seamless pipes and tubes of stainless 
steel 

Trichloroisocyanuric acid 

China 

China 

China 

India 

China 

China 

China 

China 

China 

China 

China 

China 

C 34; 29.01.2016, p.5 

C 99; 15.03.2016, p.10 

C 108; 23.03.2016, p.6 

C 148; 27.04.2016, p.8 

C 167; 11.05.2016, p.7 

C 172; 13.05.2016, p.9 

C 172; 13.05.2016, 
p.19 

C 288; 09.08.2016, p.3 

C 298; 18.08.2016, p.4 

C 336; 13.09.2016, p.5 

C 373; 12.10.2016, p.3 

C 461; 10.12.2016, 
p.12 

C 476; 20.12.2016; p. 
6 

Concluded: confirmation of duty 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ Reference 

Ring binder mechanisms 

China 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/703 

L 122; 
12.05.2016, p.1 

Molybdenum wires 

China 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1046 

L 170; 
19.06.2016, p.19 

Silicon metal (silicon) 

China 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1077 

L 179; 
05.07.2016, p.1 

Sodium cyclamate 

China 

Commission Regulation 

L 192; 

EN 

70 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Concluded: confirmation of duty 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ Reference 

(EU) 2016/1160 

16.07.2016, p.49 

Sodium cyclamate 

Indonesia 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1160 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, p.49 

Concluded: termination and repeal of the measures 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ Reference 

Fasteners, iron or steel 

China 

Malaysia 

Commission Regulation 
(EU) 2016/278 

L 52; 
27.02.2016, p.24 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

71 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex G 

12.1.7.  Interim 

reviews 

initiated 

or 

concluded 

during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 

Product 

Initiated 

Country of origin 
(consigned from) 

OJ Reference 

Sodium Gluconate 

China 

C64; 19.02.2016, p.4 

High tenacity yarn of polyester 

China 

C 384; 18.10.2016, p.15 

Product 

Steel ropes and cables 

Concluded: amendment of duty 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

Ukraine 

amending Council 
Implementing Regulation 
(EU) No 102/2012 

L 19; 
27.01.2016, 
p.22 

Tube and pipe fittings, of iron or steel

South Korea 
Malaysia 

amending Implementing 
Regulation (EU) No 
1283/2014 

L58; 
04.03.2016, 
p.38 

Silicon metal (silicon) 

China 

amending Implementing 
Regulation (EU) No 
1225/2009 

L 179; 
05.07.2016, 
p.1 

Concluded: termination without amendment of duty 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Product 

Solar panels (crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic modules and key 
components) AD+AS 

(consigned 
from) 

China 

Threaded tube or pipe cast fittings, of 
malleable cast iron 

China 

COMMISSION 
IMPLEMENTING 
REGULATION (EU) 
2016/12 

COMMISSION 
IMPLEMENTING 
REGULATION (EU) 
2016/1176 

L 4; 
07.01.2016, p. 
1 

L 193; 
19.07.2016, 
p.115 

Threaded tube or pipe cast fittings, of 

Thailand 

COMMISSION 
IMPLEMENTING 

L 193; 
19.07.2016, 

EN 

72 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
malleable cast iron 

REGULATION (EU) 
2016/1176 

p.115 

Sodium gluconate 

China 

COMMISSION 
IMPLEMENTING 
REGULATION (EU) 
2016/2229 

L 336; 
10.12.2016, 
p.40 

Concluded: termination and repeal of measures 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

73 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX H 

12.1.8. 

 Other 
during 

reviews 
period 

the 

initiated 

or 

1 

January 

- 

31 

December 

concluded 
2016 

Product 

Country of origin 

OJ Reference 

Initiated 

None 

Oxalic acid 

Concluded: confirmation/amendment of duty 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

China 

COMMISSION 
IMPLEMENTING 
REGULATION (EU) 
2016/2081 

L 321; 
29.11.2016, 
p.48 

Concluded: termination and repeal of measures 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Zeolite A powder 

Bosnia and 
Herzegovina 

C 365; 04.10.2016, p.27 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

74 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX I 

12.1.9.  New 

during 

exporter 
the 

period 

reviews 

1 

January 

initiated 
- 

or 
December 

concluded 
2016 

31 

A. 

Anti-dumping investigations 

Product 

Initiated 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

None 

None 

None 

Concluded: imposition/amendment of duty 

Product 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

Concluded: termination 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

Top 

List of Annexes 

B. 

Anti-subsidy investigations ("accelerated" investigations) 

EN 

Initiated 

75 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

None 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

Concluded: imposition/amendment of duty 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

Concluded: termination 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

(consigned 
from) 

Product 

None 

Product 

None 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

76 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX J 

12.1.10. Anti-absorption 
during 

the 

investigations 
1 

period 

January 

initiated 
- 

31 

or 
December 

concluded 
2016 

Product 

Initiated 

Country of 
origin 

OJ Reference 

Concluded with increase of duty 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Concluded without increase of duty / termination 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

None 

None 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

77 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX K 

12.1.11. Anti-circumvention 

investigations 

initiated 

or 

concluded 

during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 

Product 

Aluminium foil 

Initiated 

Country of 
origin 
(consigned 
from) 

China 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Commission 
Implementing Regulation 
(EU) 2016/865 

L 144; 
01.06.2016, 
p.35 

Product 

Citric acid 

Concluded with extension of duty 

Country of 
origin 
(consigned 
from) 

Malaysia 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Commission 
Implementing Regulation 
(EU) 2016/32 

L 10; 
15.01.2016, 
p.3 

Solar panels (crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic modules and key 
components) AD+AS 

Malaysia 

Commission 
Implementing Regulation 
(EU) 2016/184 

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.56 & p76 

Solar panels (crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic modules and key 
components) AD+AS 

Taiwan 

Commission 
Implementing Regulation 
(EU) 2016/184 

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.56 & p76 

Hand pallet trucks and their ess. 
parts 

China 

Commission 
Implementing Regulation 
(EU) 2016/1346 

L 214; 
09.08.2016, 
p.1 

EN 

78 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Concluded without extension of duty / termination 

Product 

Product 

None 

None 

Country of 
origin 
(consigned 
from) 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Exemptions granted and/or rejected 

Country of 
origin 
(consigned 
from) 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

79 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX L 

12.1.12. Safeguard 

during 

the 

investigations 
period 

1 

initiated 
- 

January 

31 

and 

December 

concluded 
2016 

New investigations initiated 

Country of origin 

OJ Reference 

Product 

None 

New investigations terminated without imposition of measures 

Product 

None 

Product 

None 

Product 

None 

Country of origin  Regulation/
Decision N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Issue of licences 

Country of origin  Regulation/
Decision N° 

OJ 
Reference 

New investigations initiated 

Country of origin 

Date of expiry 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

80 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX M 

12.1.13. Undertakings 

accepted 

/ 

repealed 

during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 

Undertakings accepted 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Decision N° 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

Undertakings withdrawn or repealed 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Decision N° 

Ammonium nitrate 

Russia 

2008/577/EC 

OJ 
Reference 

L 75; 
22.03.2016, 
p.10 

Citric acid 

China 

(EU) 2015/77 

Undertakings which expired/lapsed 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Original measure (s) 
& OJ Reference 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

81 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX N 

12.1.14. Measures 

which 
during the period 1 January - 31 December 2016 

expired 

/ 

lapsed 

A. 

Anti-dumping investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin Original measure & 

OJ Reference 

Zeolite A powder 

Bosnia and 
Herzegovina 

No 464/2011 (OJ L 125, 
14.5.2011, p. 1) 

Ring binder mechanisms 

Thailand 

No 792/2011 (OJ L 204, 
9.8.2011, p. 11) 

Fatty alcohols 

India, Indonesia and 
Malaysia 

No 1138/2011 (OJ L 293, 
11.11.2011, p. 1) 

OJ 
Reference 

NoE C 172; 
13.05.2016, 
p.8 

NoE C 329; 
07.09.2016, 
p. 6 

NoE C 418; 
12.11.2016, 
p.3 

B. 

Anti-subsidy investigations (chronological by date of publication) 

Product 

Country of origin  Original measure & 

OJ Reference 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

Top 
Annexes

List of 

EN 

82 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX O 

12.1.15. Definitive anti-dumping measures in force on 31 December 2016  

A. Ranked by product (alphabetical) 

Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Acesulfame Potassium (ACE-
K) 

China 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1963 
30.10.2015 

OJ 
Reference

L 287 
31.10.2015, 
p. 52 

Aluminium foil in big rolls 

Russia 

Duties 

Aluminium foil (in rolls of a 
weight exceeding 10 kg) 

China 

Duties 

Aluminium foils (in rolls of a 
weight not exceeding 10 kg) 

China 

Duties 

Aluminium radiators 

China 

Duties 

Aluminium road wheels 

China 

Duties 

Ammonium nitrate  

Russia 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/2385 

L 332; 
18.12.2015, 
p 91 

17.12.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 925/2009 
24.09.2009 

L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 217/2013 
11.03.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1039/2012 
29.10.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 964/2010 
25.10.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 658/2002 
15.04.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 945/2005 
21.06.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 661/2008 
08.07.2008 
corrected by 
L 339, 22.12.2009,  
p. 59 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 662/2008 
08.07.2008 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 989/2009 
19.10.2009 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
999/2014 
23.09.2014 

L 69 
13.03.2013 
p. 11 

L 310 
09.11.2012 
p. 1 

L 282 
28.10.2010 
p. 1 

L 102 
18.04.2002 
p. 1 

L 160 
23.06.2005 
p. 1 

L 185 
12.07.2008 
p. 1 

L 185 
12.07.2008 
p. 35 

L 278 
23.10.2009 
p. 1 

L 280, 
24.09.2014, 
p. 19 

EN 

83 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Undertakings 

Commission Dec. 
No 2008/577/EC 
04.07.2008 
corrected by 
L 339, 22.12.2009,  
p. 59 

OJ 
Reference

L 185 
12.07.2008 
p. 43 

Aspartame 

China 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2016/1247 

L 204; 
29.07.2016, 
p.92 

Barium carbonate 

China 

Duties 

Bicycles 

Duties 

China 
Indonesia (ext.) 

Malaysia (ext.) 
Sri Lanka (ext.) 
Tunisia (ext.) 
Cambodia (ext.) 
Pakistan (ext.) 

Philippines (ext.) 

28.07.2016 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1175/2005 
18.07.2005 
corrected by 
L 181, 04.07.2006,  
p. 111 
as maintained by 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 831/2011 
16.08.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1524/2000 
10.07.2000 
and extended to 
bicycle parts by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 71/97 
10.01.97 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 1095/2005 
12.07.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 171/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 

L 189 
21.07.2005 
p. 15 

L 214, 
19.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 175 
14.07.2000 
p. 39 

L 16 
18.01.97 
p. 1 

L 183 
14.07.2005 
p. 1 

L 55 
28.02.2008 
p. 1 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

EN 

84 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Bicycle parts (extension to 
bicycles) 

China (ext.) 

Duties 

Biodiesel 

U.S.A. 
Canada (ext.) 

Duties 

Argentina 
Indonesia 

Duties 

Bioethanol 

U.S.A. 

Duties 

Ceramic tableware and 
kitchenware 

China 

Duties 

Ceramic tiles 

China 

Duties 

Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 71/97 
10.01.97 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 1095/2005 
12.07.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 171/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 599/2009 
07.07.2009 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Canada by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 444/2011 
05.05.2011 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2015/1518 
14.09.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1194/2013 
19.11.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2013 
18.02.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 412/2013 
13.05.2017 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
803/2014 
24.07.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 917/2011 
12.09.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. 
Regulation (EU) No. 
567/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/409 

OJ 
Reference

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 16 
18.01.97 
p. 1 

L 183 
14.07.05 
p. 1 

L 55 
28.02.08 
p. 1 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 179 
10.07.2009 
p. 26 

L 122 
11.05.2011 
p. 12 

L 239 
15.09.2015 
p. 69 

L 315 
26.11.2013 
p. 2 

L 49, 
22.02.2013 
p. 10 

L 131 
15.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 219 
25.07.2014 
p. 33 

L 238 
15.09.2011 
p. 1 

OJ L 169 
29.06.2012 
p. 11 

L 67 
12.03.2015 

EN 

85 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Chamois leather 

China 

Duties 

Citric acid 

China 

Duties 

Malaysia (ext.) 

Undertakings 

of 11.03.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1338/2006 
08.09.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1153/2012 
03.12.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1193/2008 
01.12.2008 
and maintained/ last 
amended by by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/82 
21.01.2015 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2016/32 

Commission Dec. 
No 2008/899/EC 
02.12.2008 
corrected by C 346, 
26.11.2011, p. 7 and 
8, 
corrected by C 3, 
06.01.2012, p. 10 
and 11, 
corrected by C 64, 
03.03.2012, p. 25, 
corrected by C 74, 
13.03.2012, p. 16 

OJ 
Reference
p. 23 

L 251 
14.09.2006 
p. 1 

L 334 
06.12.2012 
p. 31 

L 323 
03.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 15 
22.01.2015 
p. 15 
L 10; 
15.01.2016, 
p.3 
L 323 
03.12.2008 
p. 62 

Citrus fruits 

China 

Duties 

Coated fine paper 

China 

Duties 

Cold-rolled flat steel products 

China 
Russia 

Duties 

Fatty alcohols and their 
blends 

India 

Duties 

Indonesia 

Malaysia 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 158/2013 
18.02.2013 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1313/2014 
10.12.2014 

L 49 
22.02.2013 
p. 29 

L 354 

11.12.2014 

p. 17 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 451/2011 
06.05.2011 

L 128 
14.05.2011 
p. 1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/1328 
29.07.2016 

L 210; 
04.08.2016, 
p.1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1138/2011 
08.11.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1241/2012 
11.12.2012 
corrected by L 50, 

L 293 
11.11.2011 
p. 1 

L 352 
21.12.2012 
p. 1 

EN 

86 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Ferro-silicon 

China 
Russia 

Duties 

Glass fibres (certain open 
mesh fabrics) 

Duties 

China  
Malaysia (ext) 
Taiwan (ext) 
Thailand (ext) 
India (ext) 
Indonesia (ext) 

Grain-oriented flat-rolled 
products of silicon-electrical 
steel 

Duties 

China 
Japan 
Korea (Rep. of) 
Russia 
USA 

Graphite electrode systems 

India 

Duties 

20.02.2014, p. 37 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 172/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 360/2014 
09.04.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 
products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1953 
29.10.2015 

OJ 
Reference

L 55 
28.02.2008 
p. 6 

L 107 
10.04.2014 
p. 13 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

L 284 
30.10.2015, 
P. 109 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1629/2004 
13.09.2004 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 1354/2008 

L 295 
18.09.2004 
p. 10 

L 350 
30.12.2008 

EN 

87 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Hand pallet trucks and their 
essential parts 

China 
Thailand (ext) 

Duties 

High fatigue performance steel 
concrete reinforcement bars 

China 

Duties 

Ironing boards 

China 

Duties 

18.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1186/2010 
13.12.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1174/2005 
18.07.2005 

as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 684/2008 
17.07.2008 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Thailand 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 499/2009 
11.06.2009 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1008/2011 
10.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 372/2013 
22.04.2013 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
946/2014 
04.09.2014 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
2016/1346 
08.08.2016 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2016/1246 
28.07.2016 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 452/2007 
23.04.2007, as last 
amended by 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 77/2010 
19.01.2010 and  
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 270/2010 
29.03.2010 and 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 580/2010 
29.06.2010, and 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 1241/2010 
20.12.2010 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 

OJ 
Reference
p. 24 

L 332 
16.12.2010 
p. 17 

L 189 
21.07.2005 
p. 1 

L 192 
19.07.2008 
p. 1 

L 151 
16.06.2009 
p. 1 

L 268 
13.10.2011 
p.1 

L 112 
24.04.2013 
p. 1 

L 265 
05.09.2014 
p. 7 

L 214; 
09.08.2016, 
p.1 

L 204; 
29.07.2016, 
p.70 

L 109 
26.04.2007 
p. 12 
L 24 
28.01.2010 
p. 1 

L 84 
31.03.2010 
p. 13 
L 168 
02.07.2010 
p. 12 
L 338 
22.12.2010 
p. 8 
L 297 

EN 

88 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

China (Since 
Hardware) 

Duties 

Lever arch mechanisms 

China 

Duties 

Manganese dioxides 

South Africa 

Duties 

Melamine 

China 

Duties 

Molybdenum wires 

China 
Malaysia (ext.) 

Duties 

(EU) No 987/2012 
22.10.2012 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 695/2013 
15.07.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1243/2010 
20.12.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1136/2006 
24.07.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 796/2012 
30.08.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 221/2008 
10.03.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 191/2014 
24.02.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 457/2011 
10.05.2011 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 511/2010 
14.06.2010 
and extended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 14/2012 
12.01.2012 
and extended by 
Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 871/2013 
02.09.2013  
and extended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1952 of 
29.10.2015 

Commission Impl. 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1046 of 
19.06.2016 

OJ 
Reference
26.10.2012 
p. 5 

L 198, 
23.07.2013, 
p. 1 

L 338 
22.12.2010 
p. 22 

L 205 
27.07.2006 
p. 1 

L 238 
04.09.2012 
p. 5 

L 69 
13.03.2008 
p. 1 

L 59 
28.02.2014 
p. 7 

L 124 
13.05.2011 
p. 2 

L 150 
16.06.2010 
p. 17 

L 8 

12.01.2012 

p. 22 

L 243 
12.09.2013 
p. 2 

L 284 
30.10.2015 
p. 100 

L 170; 
19.06.2016, 
p.19 

Monosodium glutamate 

China 

Duties 

Indonesia 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1187/2008 
27.11.2008 

L 322 
02.12.2008 
p. 1 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/84 
21.01.2015 

L 15 
22.01.2015 
p. 54 

Okoumé plywood 

China 

Duties 

Council Reg. 

L 336 

EN 

89 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Open mesh fabrics of glass 
fibres 

China 

Duties 

Malaysia (ext.) 

Taiwan (ext.) 

Thailand(ext.) 

India (ext.) 

Indonesia (ext.) 

(EC) No 1942/2004 
02.11.2004 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 82/2011 
31.01.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EU) No 672/2012 
16.07.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EU) No 21/2013 
10.01.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.02.2013 

Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 976/2014 
15.09.2014 

Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

OJ 
Reference
12.11.2004 
p. 4 

L 28 
02.02.2011 
p. 1 

L 204 

09.08.2011 

p. 1 

L 196 

24.07.2012 

p. 1 

L 11 

16.01.2013 

p. 1 

L 346 

20.12.2013 

p. 20 

L 274 

16.09.2014 

p. 13 

L 236 

10.09.2015 

p. 1 

Organic coated steel products 

China 

Duties 

Oxalic acid 

China 
India 

Duties 

Peroxosulphates 

China 

Duties 

Polyester yarn (high tenacity) 

China 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 214/2013 
11.03.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 325/2012 
12.04.2012 

L 73 
15.03.2013 
p. 1 

L 106 
18.04.2012 
p. 1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/2081 
28.11.2016 

L 321; 
29.11.2016, 
p.48 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1184/2007 
09.10.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1343/2013 
12.12.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1105/2010 
29.11.2010 
corrected by L 16, 

L 265 
11.10.2007 
p. 1 

L 338 
17.12.2013 
p. 11 

L 315 
01.12.2010 
p. 1 

EN 

90 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Polyethylene terephthalate 
(PET) 

China 

Duties 

PSC wires and strands 

China 

Duties 

Vietnam (ext.) 
Laos (ext.) 

Duties 

Ring binder mechanisms 

China 

Vietnam (ext.) 

Laos (ext) 

23.01.2015, p. 66 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1467/2004 
13.08.2004 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2167/2005 
20.12.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1030/2010 
17.11.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 383/2009 
05.05.2009 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 986/2012 
22.10.2012 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/865 
04.06.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2074/2004 
29.11.2004 
extended to imports 
from Vietnam 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1208/2004 
28.06.2004 
and extended to 
imports from Laos  
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 33/2006 
09.01.2006 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 818/2008 
13.08.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2010 
22.02.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2074/2004 
29.11.2004 
extended to imports 
from Vietnam 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1208/2004 
28.06.2004 
and extended to 
imports from Laos  
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 33/2006 
09.01.2006 
as last amended by 

OJ 
Reference

L 271 
19.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 345 
28.12.2005 
p. 11 

L 300 
17.11.2010 
p. 1 

L 118 
13.05.2009 
p. 1 

L 297 
26.10.2012 
p.1 

L 139 
05.06.2015 
p. 12 

L 359 
04.12.2004 
p. 11 

L 232 
01.07.2004 
p. 1 

L 7 
12.01.2006 
p. 1 

L 221 
19.08.2008 
p. 1 

L 49 
26.02.2010 
p. 1 

L 359 
04.12.2004 
p. 11 

L 232 
01.07.2004 
p. 1 

L 7 
12.01.2006 
p. 1 

EN 

91 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Seamless pipes and tubes, of 
iron or steel 

Russia 
Ukraine 

Duties 

China 

Duties 

Seamless pipes and tubes, of 
stainless steel 

China 

Duties 

Silicon metal 

Duties 

China 
Korea (Rep. of) 
(ext.) 
Taiwan 
(ext.) 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 818/2008 
13.08.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2010 
22.02.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 954/2006 
27.06.2006 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 812/2008 
11.08.2008 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 540/2012 
21.06.2012 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 795/2012 
28.08.2012 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No L 1269 
21.12.2012 
corrected by 
L 298, 16.10.2014, 
p. 63 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 585/2012 
26.06.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 926/2009 
24.09.2009 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1331/2011 
14.12.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 398/2004 
02.03.2004 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Korea (Rep. of) 
by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 42/2007 
15.01.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 467/2010 
25.05.2010 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Taiwan by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 311/2013 
05.04.2013 

OJ 
Reference
L 221 
19.08.2008 
p. 1 

L 49 
26.02.2010 
p. 1 

L 175 
29.06.2006 
p. 4 

L 220 
15.08.2008 
p. 1 
L 165 
26.06.2012 
p. 1 
L 238 
04.09.2012 
p. 1 
L 357, 
28.12.2012 
p. 1 

L 174 
04.07.2012 
p. 5 

L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 19 

L 336 
20.12.2011 
p. 6 

L 66 
04.03.2004 
p. 15 

L 13 
19.01.2007 
p. 1 

L 131 
29.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 95 
05.04.2013 
p. 1 

EN 

92 

   EN 

Council Impl. Reg. 

L 179; 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Sodium cyclamate 

China 
Indonesia 

Duties 

(EU) No 2016/1077 
01.07.2016 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 435/2004 
08.03.2004 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 492/2010 
03.06.2010 
and amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 398/2012 
07.05.2012 

OJ 
Reference
05.07.2016, 
p.1 

L 72 
11.03.2004 
p. 1 

L 140 
08.06.2010 
p. 2 

L 124 
11.05.2012 
p. 1 

Sodium cyclamate (limited to 
two Chinese exporting 
producers Fang Da Food 
Additive (Shen Zhen) Limited 
and Fang Da Food Additive 
(Yang Quan) Limited) 

China 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/1159 
15.07.2016 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, 
p.23 

Sodium gluconate 

China 

Duties 

Solar glass 

China 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/1160 
15.07.2016 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, 
p.49 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/1160 
15.07.2016 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, 
p.49 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 965/2010 
25.10.2010 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
470/2014 

13.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/588 
of 14.04.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1394 of 
13.08.2015 

L 282 
28.10.2010 
p. 24 

L 142 
14.05.2014, 
p. 1 

L 98 
15.04.2015 
p. 6 

L 215 
14.08.2015 
p. 42 

Solar panels (crystalline 
silicon photovoltaic modules 
and key components) 

China 

Duties 

Malaysia (ext.) 

Taiwan (ext.) 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1238/2013 
02.12.2013 

L 325 
05.12.2013 
p. 1 

Undertakings 

Commission Dec. 
No 2013/707/EU 
05.12.2013 

L 325 
05.12.2013 
p. 214 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2016/184 

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.56 

EN 

93 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Stainless steel cold-rolled flat 
products 

China 
Taiwan 

Stainless steel fasteners and 
parts thereof 

China 
Taiwan 
Philippines (ext.) 

Duties 

Duties 

Stainless steel wires 

India 

Duties 

12.02.2016 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2016/185 

12.02.2016 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1429 
26.08.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1890/2005 
14.11.2005 
corrected by L 256, 
02.10.2007, p. 31 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2/2012 
04.01.2012 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Philippines by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 205/2013 
07.03.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 830/2014 
30.06.2007 
corrected by L 229, 
03.09.2015, p. 16 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1106/2013 
05.11.2013 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/49 
14.01.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1019 
29.06.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1483 
01.09.2015 
corrected by L 251, 
26.09.2015, p. 17 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1821 
09.10.2015 

OJ 
Reference

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.76 

L 224 
27.08.2015, 
p. 10 

L 302 
19.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 5 
07.01.2012 
p. 1 

L 68 
12.03.2013 
p. 1 

L 228, 
31.07.2014, 
p. 16 

L 298 
08.11.2013 
p. 1 

L 9 
15.01.2015 
p. 17 

L 163 
30.06.2015 
p. 18 

L 228, 
02.09.2015, 
p. 1 

L 265 
10.10.2015 
p. 4 

EN 

94 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Steel ropes and cables 

Duties 

China  
Ukraine 

Korea (Rep. of) 
(ext.) 
Moldova (Rep. of) 
(ext.) 
Morocco (ext.)  

Sulphanilic acid 

China 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1858/2005 
08.11.2005 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1459/2007 
10.12.2007 
extended as 
concerns Ukraine to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Moldova (Rep. of) by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 760/2004 
22.04.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Morocco by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1886/2004 
25.10.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Korea (Rep. of) by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 400/2010 
26.04.2010 
corrected by L 332, 
15.12.2011 and 
corrected by 
L 140, 30.05.2012, 
p. 74 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 102/2012 
27.02.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 558/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
489/2014 
12.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 493/2014 
13.05.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1339/2002 
22.07.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 123/2006 

OJ 
Reference

L 299 
16.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 326 
12.12.2007 
p. 18 

L 120 
24.04.2004 
p. 1 

L 328 
30.10.2004 
p. 1 

L 117 
11.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 36 
09.02.2012 
p. 1 

L 168 
28.06.2012 
p. 3 

L 138 
13.05.2014 
p. 80 

L 139 
14.05.2014 
p. 7 

L 196 
25.07.2002 
p. 11 

L 22 
26.01.2006 

EN 

95 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Sweet corn (prepared or 
preserved, in kernels) 

Thailand 

Duties 

Tartaric acid 

China 

Duties 

Threaded tube or pipe cast 
fittings, of malleable cast iron 

China 
Thailand 

Duties 

Trichloroisocyanuric acid 
(TCCA) 

China 

Duties 

23.01.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1000/2008 
13.10.2008 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1346/2014 
17.12.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 682/2007 
18.06.2007 
corrected by 
L 252 of 27.09.2007, 
p. 7 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 954/2008 
25.09.2008 
and by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 847/2009 
15.09.2009 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 875/2013 
02.09.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 307/2014 
24.03.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 130/2006 
23.01.2006 
as last amended by  
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 150/2008 
18.02.2008 and by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 332/2012 
13.04.2012 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 349/2012 
16.04.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 626/2012 
26.06.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 430/2013 
13.05.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1631/2005 
03.10.2005 
amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 

OJ 
Reference
p. 5 

L 275 
16.10.2008 
p. 1 

L 363 
18.12.2014 
p. 82 

L 159 
20.06.2007 
p. 14 

L 260 
30.09.2008 
p. 1 

L 246 
18.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 244 
13.09.2013 
p. 1 

L 91 
27.03.2014 
p. 1 

L 23 
27.01.2006 
p. 1 

L 48 
22.02.2008 
p. 1 
L 108 
20.04.2012 
p. 1 

L 110 
24.04.2012 
p. 3 

L 182 
13.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 129 
14.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 261 
07.10.2005 
p. 1 

L 254 

EN 

96 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Tube and pipe fittings, of iron 
or steel 

Duties 

China 
Taiwan (ext.) 
Indonesia (ext.) 
Sri Lanka (ext.) 
Philippines (ext.) 

Korea (Rep. of) 
Malaysia  

Duties 

(EU) No 855/2010 
27.09.2010 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1389/2011 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
569/2014 
23.05.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 964/2003 
02.06.2003  
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1496/2004 
18.08.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) 2052/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from Sri 
Lanka by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2053/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from the 
Philippines by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 655/2006 
27.04.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 803/2009 
27.08.2009 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1934 
27.10.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1514/2002 
19.08.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 778/2003 
06.05.2003 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1001/2008 
13.10.2008 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 363/2010 

OJ 
Reference
29.09.2010 
p.1 
L 346 
30.12.2011 
p. 6 

L 157 
27.05.2014, 
p. 80 

L 139 
06.06.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
25.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 4 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 9 

L 116 
29.04.2006 
p. 1 

L 233 
04.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 282 
28.10.2015 
p. 14 

L 228 
24.08.2002 
p. 1 

L 114 
08.05.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
16.10.2008 
p. 18 

L 107 
29.04.2010 

EN 

97 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Russia 
Turkey 

China 

Duties 

Duties 

Tungsten carbide and fused 
tungsten carbide 

Tungsten electrodes 

China 

Duties 

Tubes and pipes of ductile 
cast iron 

India 

Duties 

Welded tubes and pipes, of 
iron or non-alloy steel 

Belarus 
China 
Russia 

Duties 

Wire rod 

China 

Duties 

26.04.2010 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1283/2014 
02.12.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 78/2013 
17.01.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2268/2004 
22.12.2004 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1275/2005 
25.07.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 287/2011 
21.03.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 260/2007 
09.03.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 508/2013 
29.05.2013 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/387 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1256/2008 
16.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/110 
26.01.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 703/2009 
27.07.2009 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1846 
14.10.2015 

OJ 
Reference
p. 1 

L 347 
03.12.2014 
p. 17 

L 27 
29.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 395 
31.12.2004 
p. 56 

L 202 
03.08.2005 
p. 1 

L 78 
24.03.2011 
p. 1 

L 72 
13.03.2007 
p. 1 

L 150 
04.06.2013 
p. 1 

L 73; 
18.03.2016, 
p.1 

L 343 
19.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 20 
27.01.2015 
p. 6 

L 203 
05.08.2009 
p. 1 

L 268 
15.10.2015 
p. 9 

EN 

98 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. Ranked by country (alphabetical) 

Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Argentina 

Biodiesel 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1194/2013 
19.11.2013 

L 315 

26.11.2013 

Belarus 

Welded tubes and 
pipes, of iron or 
non-alloy steel 

Duties 

Brazil 

Aluminium foil 

Duties 

Undertakings 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1256/2008 
16.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/110 
26.01.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 925/2009 
24.09.2009 
Commission Dec. 
No 2009/736/EC 
05.10.2009 

Cambodia 

Bicycles 

Duties (ext.)  Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Canada 

Biodiesel 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 599/2009 
07.07.2009 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Canada by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 444/2011 
05.05.2011 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2015/1518 
14.09.2015 

p. 2 

L 343 
19.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 20 
27.01.2015 
p. 6 

L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 1 
L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 50 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 179 
10.07.2009 
p. 26 

L 122 
11.05.2011 
p. 12 

L 239 
15.09.2015 
p. 69 

EN 

99 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

China 

Acesulfame 
Potassium (ACE-K) 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1963 
30.10.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

L 287 
31.10.2015, 
p. 52 

Aluminium foil (in 
rolls of a weight 
exceeding 10 kg) 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 925/2009 
24.09.2009 

L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 1 

Undertakings 

Aluminium foils (in 
rolls of a weight not 
exceeding 10 kg) 

Duties 

Aluminium radiators 

Duties 

Aluminium road 
wheels 

Duties 

Barium carbonate 

Duties 

Bicycles 

Duties 

Commission Dec. 
No 2009/736/EC 
05.10.2009 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1039/2012 
29.10.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1039/2012 
29.10.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 964/2010 
25.10.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1175/2005 
18.07.2005 
corrected by 
L 181, 04.07.2006,  
p. 111 
as maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 831/2011 
16.08.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1524/2000 
10.07.2000 
and extended to 
bicycle parts by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 71/97 
10.01.97 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 1095/2005 
12.07.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 171/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 

L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 50 

L 310 
09.11.2012 
p. 1 

L 310 
09.11.2012 
p. 1 

L 282 
28.10.2010 
p. 1 

L 189 
21.07.2005 
p. 15 

L 214, 
19.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 175 
14.07.2000 
p. 39 

L 16 
18.01.97 
p. 1 

L 183 
14.07.2005 
p. 1 

L 55 
28.02.2008 
p. 1 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

EN 

100 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 71/97 
10.01.97 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 1095/2005 
12.07.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 171/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 412/2013 
13.05.2017 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
803/2014 
24.07.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 917/2011 
12.09.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. 
Regulation (EU) No. 
567/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/409 
of 11.03.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1338/2006 
08.09.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1153/2012 
03.12.2012 

Bicycle parts 

Duties 

Ceramic tableware 
and kitchenware 

Duties 

Ceramic tiles 

Duties 

Chamois leather 

Duties 

OJ 
Reference 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 16 
18.01.97 
p. 1 

L 183 
14.07.05 
p. 1 

L 55 
28.02.08 
p. 1 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 131 
15.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 219 
25.07.2014 
p. 33 

L 238 
15.09.2011 
p. 1 

OJ L 169 
29.06.2012 
p. 11 

L 67 
12.03.2015 
p. 23 

L 251 
14.09.2006 
p. 1 

L 334 
06.12.2012 
p. 31 

Citric acid 

Duties 

Council Reg. 

L 323 

EN 

101 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Undertakings 

(EC) No 1193/2008 
01.12.2008 
and maintained/ last 
amended by by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/82 
21.01.2015 

Commission Dec. 
No 2008/899/EC 
02.12.2008 
corrected by C 346, 
26.11.2011, p. 7 and 
8, 
corrected by C 3, 
06.01.2012, p. 10 
and 11, 
corrected by C 64, 
03.03.2012, p. 25, 
corrected by C 74, 
13.03.2012, p. 16 

OJ 
Reference 

03.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 15 
22.01.2015 
p. 15 

L 323 
03.12.2008 
p. 62 

Citrus fruits 

Duties 

Coated fine paper 

Duties 

Cold-rolled flat steel 
products 

Duties 

Ferro-silicon 

Duties 

Glass fibres (certain 
open mesh fabrics) 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 158/2013 
18.02.2013 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1313/2014 
10.12.2014 

L 49 
22.02.2013 
p. 29 

L 354 

11.12.2014 

p. 17 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 451/2011 
06.05.2011 

L 128 
14.05.2011 
p. 1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/1328 
29.07.2016 

L 210; 
04.08.2016, 
p.1 

L 55 
28.02.2008 
p. 6 

L 107 
10.04.2014 
p. 13 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 
p. 1 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 172/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 360/2014 
09.04.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 

EN 

102 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 
products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

Grain-oriented flat-
rolled products of 
silicon-electrical 
steel 

Hand pallet trucks 
and their essential 
parts 

Duties 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1953 

L 284 
30.10.2015, 
P. 109 

29.10.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1174/2005 
18.07.2005 

L 189 
21.07.2005 
p. 1 

as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 684/2008 
17.07.2008 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Thailand 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 499/2009 
11.06.2009 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1008/2011 
10.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 372/2013 
22.04.2013 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
946/2014 
04.09.2014 

L 192 
19.07.2008 
p. 1 

L 151 
16.06.2009 
p. 1 

L 268 
13.10.2011 
p.1 

L 112 
24.04.2013 
p. 1 

L 265 
05.09.2014 
p. 7 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/1346 
08.08.2016 

L 214; 
09.08.2016, 
p.1 

EN 

103 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Ironing boards 

Duties 

Ironing boards 
(Since Hardware) 

Lever arch 
mechanisms 

Duties 

Duties 

Melamine 

Duties 

Molybdenum wires 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 452/2007 
23.04.2007, as last 
amended by 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 77/2010 
19.01.2010 and 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 270/2010 
29.03.2010 and 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 580/2010 
29.06.2010, and 
Council Impl. Reg.  
(EU) No 1241/2010 
20.12.2010 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 987/2012 
22.10.2012 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 695/2013 
15.07.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1243/2010 
20.12.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1136/2006 
24.07.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 796/2012 
30.08.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 457/2011 
10.05.2011 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 511/2010 
14.06.2010 
and extended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 14/2012 
12.01.2012 
and extended by 
Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 871/2013 
02.09.2013  
and extended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1952 of 
29.10.2015 

Commission Impl. 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1046 

OJ 
Reference 

L 109 
26.04.2007 
p. 12 
L 24 
28.01.2010 
p. 1 

L 84 
31.03.2010 
p. 13 
L 168 
02.07.2010 
p. 12 
L 338 
22.12.2010 
p. 8 
L 297 
26.10.2012 
p. 5 

L 198, 
23.07.2013, 
p. 1 

L 338 
22.12.2010 
p. 22 

L 205 
27.07.2006 
p. 1 

L 238 
04.09.2012 
p. 5 

L 124 
13.05.2011 
p. 2 

L 150 
16.06.2010 
p. 17 

L 8 

12.01.2012 

p. 22 

L 243 
12.09.2013 
p. 2 

L 284 
30.10.2015 
p. 100 

L 170; 
19.06.2016, 
p.19 

Monosodium 

Duties 

Council Reg. 

L 322 

EN 

104 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

OJ 
Reference 

glutamate 

(EC) No 1187/2008 
27.11.2008 

02.12.2008 
p. 1 

Okoumé plywood 

Duties 

Open mesh fabrics 
of glass fibres 

Duties 

Organic coated steel 
products 

Duties 

Oxalic acid 

Duties 

Oxalic acid 

Duties 

Peroxosulphates 

Duties 

Polyester yarn (high 
tenacity) 

Duties 

Polyethylene 
terephthalate (PET) 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1942/2004 
02.11.2004 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 82/2011 
31.01.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 

Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 976/2014 
15.09.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 214/2013 
11.03.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 325/2012 
12 April 2012 

L 336 
12.11.2004 
p. 4 

L 28 
02.02.2011 
p. 1 

L 204 

09.08.2011 

p. 1 

L 274 

16.09.2014 

p. 13 

L 73 
15.03.2013 
p. 1 

L 106 
18.04.2012 
p. 1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2016/2081 
28.11.2016  

L 321; 
29.11.2016, 
p.48 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1184/2007 
09.10.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1343/2013 
12.12.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1105/2010 
29.11.2010 
corrected by L 16, 
23.01.2015, p. 66 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1467/2004 
13.08.2004 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2167/2005 
20.12.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1030/2010 
17.11.2010 

L 265 
11.10.2007 
p. 1 

L 338 
17.12.2013 
p. 11 

L 315 
01.12.2010 
p. 1 

L 271 
19.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 345 
28.12.2005 
p. 11 

L 300 
17.11.2010 
p. 1 

PSC wires and 
strands 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 383/2009 

L 118 
13.05.2009 

EN 

105 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Ring binder 
mechanisms 

Duties 

Seamless pipes and 
tubes of iron or steel 

Duties 

Seamless pipes and 
tubes of stainless 
steel 

Duties 

Silicon metal 

Duties 

05.05.2009 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 986/2012 
22.10.2012 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/865 
04.06.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2074/2004 
29.11.2004 
extended to imports 
from Vietnam 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1208/2004 
28.06.2004 
and extended to 
imports from Laos  
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 33/2006 
09.01.2006 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 818/2008 
13.08.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2010 
22.02.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 926/2009 
24.09.2009 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1331/2011 
14.12.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 398/2004 
02.03.2004 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Korea (Rep. of) 
by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 42/2007 
15.01.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 467/2010 
25.05.2010 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Korea (Rep. of) 
by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 311/2013 
05.04.2013 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 

L 297 
26.10.2012 
p.1 

L 139 
05.06.2015 
p. 12 

L 359 
04.12.2004 
p. 11 

L 232 
01.07.2004 
p. 1 

L 7 
12.01.2006 
p. 1 

L 221 
19.08.2008 
p. 1 

L 49 
26.02.2010 
p. 1 

L 262 
06.10.2009 
p. 19 

L 336 
20.12.2011 
p. 6 

L 66 
04.03.2004 
p. 15 

L 13 
19.01.2007 
p. 1 

L 131 
29.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 95 
05.04.2013 
p. 1 

EN 

106 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Sodium cyclamate 

Duties 

Sodium gluconate 

Duties 

Solar glass 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 435/2004 
08.03.2004 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 492/2010 
03.06.2010 
and amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 398/2012 
07.05.2012 

OJ 
Reference 

L 72 
11.03.2004 
p. 1 

L 140 
08.06.2010 
p. 2 

L 124 
11.05.2012 
p. 1 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 965/2010 
25.10.2010 

L 282 
28.10.2010 
p. 24 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
470/2014 

L 142 
14.05.2014, 
p. 1 

13.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/588 
of 14.04.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1394 of 
13.08.2015 

L 98 
15.04.2015 
p. 6 

L 215 
14.08.2015 
p. 42 

Commission Dec. 
No 2013/707/EU 
05.12.2013 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1429 
26.08.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1890/2005 
14.11.2005 
corrected by L 256, 
02.10.2007, p. 31 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2/2012 
04.01.2012 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Philippines by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 205/2013 

L 325 
05.12.2013 
p. 214 

L 224 
27.08.2015, 
p. 10 

L 302 
19.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 5 
07.01.2012 
p. 1 

L 68 
12.03.2013 

Solar panels 
(crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic 
modules and key 
components) 

Undertakings 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1238/2013 
02.12.2013 

L 325 
05.12.2013 
p. 1 

Stainless steel cold-
rolled flat products 

Duties 

Stainless steel 
fasteners and parts 
thereof 

Duties 

EN 

107 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Steel ropes and 
cables 

Duties 

07.03.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 830/2014 
30.06.2007 
corrected by L 229, 
03.09.2015, p. 16 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1858/2005 
08.11.2005 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1459/2007 
10.12.2007 
extended as 
concerns Ukraine to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Moldova (Rep. of) by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 760/2004 
22.04.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Morocco by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1886/2004 
25.10.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Korea (Rep. of) by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 400/2010 
26.04.2010 
corrected by L 332, 
15.12.2011 and 
corrected by 
L 140, 30.05.2012, 
p. 74 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 102/2012 
27.02.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 558/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
489/2014 
12.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 493/2014 
13.05.2014 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 

L 228, 
31.07.2014, 
p. 16 

L 299 
16.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 326 
12.12.2007 
p. 18 

L 120 
24.04.2004 
p. 1 

L 328 
30.10.2004 
p. 1 

L 117 
11.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 36 
09.02.2012 
p. 1 

L 168 
28.06.2012 
p. 3 

L 138 
13.05.2014 
p. 80 

L 139 
14.05.2014 
p. 7 

EN 

108 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Sulphanilic acid 

Duties 

Tartaric acid 

Duties 

Threaded tube or 
pipe cast fittings, of 
malleable cast iron 

Trichloroisocyanuric 
acid 

Duties 

Duties 

Tube and pipe 
fitting, of iron or 
steel 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1339/2002 
22.07.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 123/2006 
23.01.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1000/2008 
13.10.2008 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1346/2014 
17.12.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 130/2006 
23.01.2006 
as last amended by  
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 150/2008 
18.02.2008 and by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 332/2012 
13.04.2012 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 349/2012 
16.04.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 626/2012 
26.06.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 430/2013 
13.05.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1631/2005 
03.10.2005 
amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 855/2010 
27.09.2010 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1389/2011 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
569/2014 
23.05.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 964/2003 
02.06.2003  
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 

OJ 
Reference 

L 196 
25.07.2002 
p. 11 

L 22 
26.01.2006 
p. 5 

L 275 
16.10.2008 
p. 1 

L 363 
18.12.2014 
p. 82 

L 23 
27.01.2006 
p. 1 

L 48 
22.02.2008 
p. 1 
L 108 
20.04.2012 
p. 1 

L 110 
24.04.2012 
p. 3 

L 182 
13.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 129 
14.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 261 
07.10.2005 
p. 1 

L 254 
29.09.2010 
p.1 
L 346 
30.12.2011 
p. 6 

L 157 
27.05.2014, 
p. 80 

L 139 
06.06.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 

EN 

109 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

(EC) No 1496/2004 
18.08.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) 2052/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from Sri 
Lanka by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2053/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from the 
Philippines by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 655/2006 
27.04.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 803/2009 
27.08.2009 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1934 
27.10.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2268/2004 
22.12.2004 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1275/2005 
25.07.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 287/2011 
21.03.2011 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 260/2007 
09.03.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 508/2013 
29.05.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1256/2008 
16.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/110 
26.01.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 703/2009 
27.07.2009 

Tungsten carbide 
and fused tungsten 
carbide 

Duties 

Tungsten electrodes 

Duties 

Welded tubes and 
pipes, of iron or 
non-alloy steel 

Duties 

Wire rod 

Duties 

OJ 
Reference 

25.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 4 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 9 

L 116 
29.04.2006 
p. 1 

L 233 
04.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 282 
28.10.2015 
p. 14 

L 395 
31.12.2004 
p. 56 

L 202 
03.08.2005 
p. 1 

L 78 
24.03.2011 
p. 1 

L 72 
13.03.2007 
p. 1 

L 150 
04.06.2013 
p. 1 

L 343 
19.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 20 
27.01.2015 
p. 6 

L 203 
05.08.2009 
p. 1 

EN 

110 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Silicon metal (silicon) 

Duties 

Duties 

sodium cyclamate 
(limited to two 
Chinese exporting 
producers Fang Da 
Food Additive (Shen 
Zhen) Limited and 
Fang Da Food 
Additive (Yang 
Quan) Limited) 

sodium cyclamate 

Duties 

sodium cyclamate 

Duties 

High fatigue 
performance steel 
concrete 
reinforcement bars 

Duties 

Aspartame 

Duties 

India 

Fatty alcohols and 
their blends 

Duties 

Glass fibres (certain 
open mesh fabrics) 

Duties 

and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1846 
14.10.2015 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1077 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1159 

OJ 
Reference 

L 268 
15.10.2015 
p. 9 

L 179; 
05.07.2016, 
p.1 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, 
p.23 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1160 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1160 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1246 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/1247 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1138/2011 
08.11.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1241/2012 
11.12.2012 
corrected by L 50, 
20.02.2014, p. 37 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, 
p.49 

L 192; 
16.07.2016, 
p.49 

L 204; 
29.07.2016, 
p.70 

L 204; 
29.07.2016, 
p.92 

L 293 
11.11.2011 
p. 1 

L 352 
21.12.2012 
p. 1 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 

EN 

111 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 
products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

Graphite electrode 
systems 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1629/2004 
13.09.2004 

L 295 
18.09.2004 
p. 10 

as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 1354/2008 
18.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1186/2010 
13.12.2010 

L 350 
30.12.2008 
p. 24 

L 332 
16.12.2010 
p. 17 

Open mesh fabrics 
of glass fibres 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

L 346 

(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.02.2013 

Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 325/2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1106/2013 
05.11.2013 

20.12.2013 

p. 20 

L 236 

10.09.2015 

p. 1 

L 106 
18.04.2012 
p. 1 

L 298 
08.11.2013 
p. 1 

Oxalic acid 

Duties 

Stainless steel wires 

Duties 

EN 

112 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/49 
14.01.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1019 
29.06.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1483 
01.09.2015 
corrected by L 251, 
26.09.2015, p. 17 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1821 
09.10.2015 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/387 and 388 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1194/2013 
19.11.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1138/2011 
08.11.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1241/2012 

Tubes and pipes of 
ductile cast iron 

Duties (AD – 
AS) 

Indonesia 

Bicycles (ext) 

Duties 

Biodiesel 

Duties 

Fatty alcohols and 
their blends 

Duties 

OJ 
Reference 

L 9 
15.01.2015 
p. 17 

L 163 
30.06.2015 
p. 18 

L 228, 
02.09.2015, 
p. 1 

L 265 
10.10.2015 
p. 4 

L 73; 
18.03.2016, 
p.1 and 53 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 315 

26.11.2013 

p. 2 

L 293 
11.11.2011 
p. 1 

L 352 
21.12.2012 

EN 

113 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Glass fibres (certain 
open mesh fabrics) 

Duties 

11.12.2012 
corrected by L 50, 
20.02.2014, p. 37 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 
products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

Monosodium 
glutamate 

Open mesh fabrics 
of glass fibres 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/84 
21.01.2015 

L 15 
22.01.2015 
p. 54 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

L 346 

Sodium cyclamate 

Duties 

(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.02.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 435/2004 
08.03.2004 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 492/2010 
03.06.2010 
and amended by 

20.12.2013 

p. 20 

L 72 
11.03.2004 
p. 1 

L 140 
08.06.2010 
p. 2 

EN 

114 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 398/2012 
07.05.2012 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

Tube and pipe 
fitting, of iron or 
steel (ext.) 

OJ 
Reference 

L 124 
11.05.2012 
p. 1 

L 139 
06.06.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
25.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 4 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 9 

L 116 
29.04.2006 
p. 1 

L 233 
04.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 284 
30.10.2015, 
P. 109 

(EC) No 964/2003 
02.06.2003  
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1496/2004 
18.08.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) 2052/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from Sri 
Lanka by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2053/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from the 
Philippines by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 655/2006 
27.04.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 803/2009 
27.08.2009 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1953 

29.10.2015 

Japan 

Korea (Rep. of) 

Grain-oriented flat-
rolled products of 
silicon-electrical 
steel 

Grain-oriented flat-
rolled products of 
silicon-electrical 
steel 

Duties 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1953 

L 284 
30.10.2015, 
P. 109 

29.10.2015 

Silicon metal (ext.) 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 398/2004 
02.03.2004 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Korea (Rep. of) 
by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 42/2007 
15.01.2007 

Steel ropes and 
cables (ext.) 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 1858/2005 
08.11.2005 
as last amended by 

L 66 
04.03.2004 
p. 15 

L 13 
19.01.2007 
p. 1 

L 299 
16.11.2005 
p. 1 

EN 

115 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1459/2007 
10.12.2007 
extended as 
concerns Ukraine to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Moldova (Rep. of) by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 760/2004 
22.04.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Morocco by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1886/2004 
25.10.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Korea (Rep. of) by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 400/2010 
26.04.2010 
corrected by L 332, 
15.12.2011 and 
corrected by 
L 140, 30.05.2012, 
p. 74 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 102/2012 
27.02.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 558/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
489/2014 
12.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 493/2014 
13.05.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1514/2002 
19.08.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 778/2003 
06.05.2003 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1001/2008 
13.10.2008 

Tube and pipe 
fittings, of iron or 
steel 

Duties 

OJ 
Reference 

L 326 
12.12.2007 
p. 18 

L 120 
24.04.2004 
p. 1 

L 328 
30.10.2004 
p. 1 

L 117 
11.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 36 
09.02.2012 
p. 1 

L 168 
28.06.2012 
p. 3 

L 138 
13.05.2014 
p. 80 

L 139 
14.05.2014 
p. 7 

L 228 
24.08.2002 
p. 1 

L 114 
08.05.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
16.10.2008 
p. 18 

EN 

116 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

OJ 
Reference 

as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 363/2010 
26.04.2010 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1283/2014 
02.12.2014 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

Laos 

Ring binder 
mechanisms (ext.) 

L 107 
29.04.2010 
p. 1 

L 347 
03.12.2014 
p. 17 

L 359 
04.12.2004 
p. 11 

L 232 
01.07.2004 
p. 1 

L 7 
12.01.2006 
p. 1 

L 49 
26.02.2010 
p. 1 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 293 
11.11.2011 
p. 1 

L 352 
21.12.2012 
p. 1 

(EC) No 2074/2004 
29.11.2004 
extended to imports 
from Vietnam 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1208/2004 
28.06.2004 
and extended to 
imports from Laos  
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 33/2006 
09.01.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2010 
22.02.2010 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1138/2011 
08.11.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1241/2012 
11.12.2012 
corrected by L 50, 

Malaysia 

Bicycles (ext) 

Duties 

Fatty alcohols and 
their blends 

Duties 

EN 

117 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Glass fibres (certain 
open mesh fabrics) 

Molybdenum wires 

20.02.2014, p. 37 

Duties (ext.)  Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 
products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

Duties (ext.)  Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 511/2010 
14.06.2010 
and extended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 14/2012 
12.01.2012 
and extended by 
Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 871/2013 
02.09.2013  
and extended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1952 of 
29.10.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

L 150 
16.06.2010 
p. 17 

L 8 

12.01.2012 

p. 22 

L 243 
12.09.2013 
p. 2 

L 284 
30.10.2015 
p. 100 

Open mesh fabrics 
of glass fibres 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

L 196 

(EU) No 672/2012 
16.07.2012 

24.07.2012 

EN 

118 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Ringbinder 
mechanisms 

Duties 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/703 

Solar panels 
(crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic 
modules and key 
components) 

Duties (ext.)  Commission Impl. 

Reg. (EU) 2016/184 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2016/185 

Tube and pipe 
fittings, of iron or 
steel 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1514/2002 
19.08.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 778/2003 
06.05.2003 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1001/2008 
13.10.2008 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 363/2010 
26.04.2010 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1283/2014 
02.12.2014 

Moldova (Rep. of) 

Steel ropes and 
cables (ext.) 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 1858/2005 
08.11.2005 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1459/2007 
10.12.2007 
extended as 
concerns Ukraine to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Moldova (Rep. of) by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 760/2004 
22.04.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Morocco by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1886/2004 
25.10.2004 
and extended as 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 

L 122; 
12.05.2016, 
p.1 

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.56 

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.76 

L 228 
24.08.2002 
p. 1 

L 114 
08.05.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
16.10.2008 
p. 18 

L 107 
29.04.2010 
p. 1 

L 347 
03.12.2014 
p. 17 

L 299 
16.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 326 
12.12.2007 
p. 18 

L 120 
24.04.2004 
p. 1 

L 328 
30.10.2004 
p. 1 

EN 

119 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Morocco 

Steel ropes and 
cables (ext.) 

concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Korea (Rep. of) by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 400/2010 
26.04.2010 
corrected by L 332, 
15.12.2011 and 
corrected by 
L 140, 30.05.2012, 
p. 74 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 102/2012 
27.02.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 558/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
489/2014 
12.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 493/2014 
13.05.2014 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 1858/2005 
08.11.2005 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1459/2007 
10.12.2007 
extended as 
concerns Ukraine to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Moldova (Rep. of) by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 760/2004 
22.04.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Morocco by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1886/2004 
25.10.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Korea (Rep. of) by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 400/2010 
26.04.2010 

OJ 
Reference 

L 117 
11.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 36 
09.02.2012 
p. 1 

L 168 
28.06.2012 
p. 3 

L 138 
13.05.2014 
p. 80 

L 139 
14.05.2014 
p. 7 

L 299 
16.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 326 
12.12.2007 
p. 18 

L 120 
24.04.2004 
p. 1 

L 328 
30.10.2004 
p. 1 

L 117 
11.05.2010 
p. 1 

EN 

120 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

OJ 
Reference 

corrected by L 332, 
15.12.2011 and 
corrected by 
L 140, 30.05.2012, 
p. 74 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 102/2012 
27.02.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 558/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
489/2014 
12.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 493/2014 
13.05.2014 

Duties (ext.)  Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Duties (ext.)  Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 

L 36 
09.02.2012 
p. 1 

L 168 
28.06.2012 
p. 3 

L 138 
13.05.2014 
p. 80 

L 139 
14.05.2014 
p. 7 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 

Pakistan 

Bicycles 

Philippines 

Bicycles 

EN 

121 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Stainless steel 
fasteners and parts 
thereof 

Tube or pipe fittings, 
of iron or steel (ext.)

05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 1890/2005 
14.11.2005 
corrected by L 256, 
02.10.2007, p. 31 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2/2012 
04.01.2012 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Philippines by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 205/2013 
07.03.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 830/2014 
30.06.2007 
corrected by L 229, 
03.09.2015, p. 16 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 964/2003 
02.06.2003  
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1496/2004 
18.08.2004 and 
extended as 
concerns China to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) 2052/2004 
22.11.2004 and to 
imports consigned 
from Sri Lanka by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2053/2004 
22.11.2004 and 

 to imports 
consigned from the 
Philippines by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 655/2006 
27.04.2006 and 
maintained by 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 302 
19.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 5 
07.01.2012 
p. 1 

L 68 
12.03.2013 
p. 1 

L 228, 
31.07.2014, 
p. 16 

L 139 
06.06.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
25.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 4 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 9 

L 116 
29.04.2006 
p. 1 

L 233 

EN 

122 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Russia 

Ammonium nitrate  

Duties 

Undertakings 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 803/2009 
27.08.2009 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 658/2002 
15.04.2002 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 945/2005 
21.06.2005 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 661/2008 
08.07.2008 
corrected by 
L 339, 22.12.2009,  
p. 59 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 662/2008 
08.07.2008 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 989/2009 
19.10.2009 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
999/2014 
23.09.2014 

Commission Dec. 
No 2008/577/EC 
04.07.2008 
corrected by 
L 339, 22.12.2009,  
p. 59 

OJ 
Reference 

04.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 102 
18.04.2002 
p. 1 

L 160 
23.06.2005 
p. 1 

L 185 
12.07.2008 
p. 1 

L 185 
12.07.2008 
p. 35 

L 278 
23.10.2009 
p. 1 

L 280, 
24.09.2014, 
p. 19 

L 185 
12.07.2008 
p. 43 

Cold-rolled flat steel 
products 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2016/1328 

L 210; 
04.08.2016, 
p.1 

Ferro-silicon 

Duties 

Grain-oriented flat-
rolled products of 
silicon-electrical 
steel 

Duties 

Seamless pipes and 
tubes of iron or steel 

Duties 

29.07.2016 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 172/2008 
25.02.2008 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 360/2014 
09.04.2014 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1953 

29.10.2015 

L 55 
28.02.2008 
p. 6 

L 107 
10.04.2014 
p. 13 

L 284 
30.10.2015, 
P. 109 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 954/2006 
27.06.2006 
as last amended by 

L 175 
29.06.2006 
p. 4 

EN 

123 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Tube and pipe 
fittings, of iron or 
steel 

Welded tubes and 
pipes, of iron or 
non-alloy steel 

Duties 

Duties 

South Africa 

Manganese dioxides 

Duties 

Sri Lanka 

Bicycles (ext) 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 812/2008 
11.08.2008 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 540/2012 
21.06.2012 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 795/2012 
28.08.2012 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No L 1269 
21.12.2012 
corrected by 
L 298, 16.10.2014, 
p. 63 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 585/2012 
26.06.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 78/2013 
17.01.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1256/2008 
16.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/110 
26.01.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 221/2008 
10.03.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 191/2014 
24.02.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 

OJ 
Reference 

L 220 
15.08.2008 
p. 1 
L 165 
26.06.2012 
p. 1 
L 238 
04.09.2012 
p. 1 
L 357, 
28.12.2012 
p. 1 

L 174 
04.07.2012 
p. 5 

L 27 
29.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 343 
19.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 20 
27.01.2015 
p. 6 

L 69 
13.03.2008 
p. 1 

L 59 
28.02.2014 
p. 7 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 

EN 

124 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

OJ 
Reference 

of 18.05.2015 

p. 4 

Tube and pipe 
fitting, of iron or 
steel (ext.) 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

Taiwan 

Glass fibres (certain 
open mesh fabrics) 

Duties 

(EC) No 964/2003 
02.06.2003  
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1496/2004 
18.08.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) 2052/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from Sri 
Lanka by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2053/2004 
22.11.2004 and to 
imports consigned 
from the Philippines 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 655/2006 
27.04.2006 and  

maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 803/2009 
27.08.2009 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 

L 139 
06.06.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
25.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 4 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 9 

L 116 
29.04.2006 
p. 1 

L 233 
04.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

EN 

125 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

Open mesh fabrics 
of glass fibres 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

L 11 

(EU) No 21/2013 
10.01.2013 

Silicon metal 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 398/2004 
02.03.2004 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Korea (Rep. of) 
by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 42/2007 
15.01.2007 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 467/2010 
25.05.2010 
extended to imports 
of silicon consigned 
from Taiwan by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 311/2013 
05.04.2013 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2016/184 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2016/185 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1429 
26.08.2015 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1890/2005 
14.11.2005 
corrected by L 256, 
02.10.2007, p. 31 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2/2012 
04.01.2012 
and extended as 
concerns China to 

Duties 

Solar panels 
(crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic 
modules and key 
components) 

Stainless steel cold-
rolled flat products 

Duties 

Stainless steel 
fasteners and parts 
thereof 

Duties 

16.01.2013 

p. 1 

L 66 
04.03.2004 
p. 15 

L 13 
19.01.2007 
p. 1 

L 131 
29.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 95 
05.04.2013 
p. 1 

L 37; 
12.02.2016, 
p.56  

12.02.2016, 
p.76 

L 224 
27.08.2015, 
p. 10 

L 302 
19.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 5 
07.01.2012 
p. 1 

EN 

126 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Tube and pipe 
fitting, of iron or 
steel (ext.) 

Thailand 

Hand pallet trucks 
and their essential 
parts (ext.) 

such imports 
consigned from 
Philippines by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 205/2013 
07.03.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 830/2014 
30.06.2007 
corrected by L 229, 
03.09.2015, p. 16 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 964/2003 
02.06.2003  
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1496/2004 
18.08.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) 2052/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from Sri 
Lanka by  
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 2053/2004 
22.11.2004 
and to imports 
consigned from the 
Philippines by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 655/2006 
27.04.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 803/2009 
27.08.2009 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 1174/2005 
18.07.2005 

as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 684/2008 
17.07.2008 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Thailand 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 499/2009 
11.06.2009 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 

OJ 
Reference 

L 68 
12.03.2013 
p. 1 

L 228, 
31.07.2014, 
p. 16 

L 139 
06.06.2003 
p. 1 

L 275 
25.08.2004 
p. 1 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 4 

L 355 
01.12.2004 
p. 9 

L 116 
29.04.2006 
p. 1 

L 233 
04.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 189 
21.07.2005 
p. 1 

L 192 
19.07.2008 
p. 1 

L 151 
16.06.2009 
p. 1 

L 268 
13.10.2011 

EN 

127 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Glass fibres (certain 
open mesh fabrics) 

Duties 

(EU) No 1008/2011 
10.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 372/2013 
22.04.2013 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
946/2014 
04.09.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 791/2011 
03.08.2011 
and extended to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Malaysia 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
672/2012 
16.07.2012 and 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from Taiwan and 
Thailand 
by Council Impl. 
Reg. (EC) No 
21/2013 
10.01.2013 
extended to such 
imports consigned 
from India and 
Indonesia 
by Council Impl.Reg. 
(EU) No 1371/2013 
16.12.2013 
extended to certain 
slightly modified 
products by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
976/2014 
15.09.2014 

As last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1507 
09.09.2015 

OJ 
Reference 

p.1 

L 112 
24.04.2013 
p. 1 

L 265 
05.09.2014 
p. 7 

L 204 
09.08.2011 
p. 1 

L 196 
24.07.2012 
p. 1 

L 11 
16.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 346, 
20.12.2013, 
p. 20 

L 274 
16.09.2014 
p. 13 

L 236, 
10.09.2015, 
p. 1 

Open mesh fabrics 
of glass fibres 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

L 11 

(EU) No 21/2013 
10.01.2013 

16.01.2013 

p. 1 

Sweet corn 
(prepared or 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 682/2007 

L 159 
20.06.2007 

EN 

128 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

preserved, in 
kernels) 

Threaded tube or 
pipe cast fittings, of 
malleable cast iron 

Duties 

Tunisia 

Bicycles (ext) 

Duties 

Turkey 

Ukraine 

Tube and pipe 
fittings, of iron or 
steel 

Duties 

Seamless pipes and 
tubes of iron or steel 

Duties 

18.06.2007 
corrected by 
L 252 of 27.09.2007, 
p. 7 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 954/2008 
25.09.2008 
and by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 847/2009 
15.09.2009 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 875/2013 
02.09.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 307/2014 
24.03.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 430/2013 
13.05.2012 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 990/2011 
03.10.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Reg.  
(EC) No 502/2013 
29.05.2013 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Sri Lanka 
and Tunisia by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 501/2013 
05.05.2011 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Cambodia, 
Pakistan and 
Philippines by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/776 
of 18.05.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 78/2013 
17.01.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 954/2006 
27.06.2006 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 812/2008 
11.08.2008 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 540/2012 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 14 

L 260 
30.09.2008 
p. 1 

L 246 
18.09.2009 
p. 1 

L 244 
13.09.2013 
p. 1 

L 91 
27.03.2014 
p. 1 

L 129 
14.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 261 
06.10.2011 
p.2 

L 153 
05.06.2013 
p. 17 

L 153, 
05.06.2013, 
p. 1 

L 122 
19.05.2015 
p. 4 

L 27 
29.01.2013 
p. 1 

L 175 
29.06.2006 
p. 4 

L 220 
15.08.2008 
p. 1 
L 165 
26.06.2012 

EN 

129 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Steel ropes and 
cables 

Duties 

21.06.2012 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 795/2012 
28.08.2012 and 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No L 1269 

21.12.2012 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 585/2012 
26.06.2012 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1858/2005 
08.11.2005 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1459/2007 
10.12.2007 
extended as 
concerns Ukraine to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Moldova (Rep. of) by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 760/2004 
22.04.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Morocco by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1886/2004 
25.10.2004 
and extended as 
concerns China to 
such imports 
consigned from 
Korea (Rep. of) by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 400/2010 
26.04.2010 
corrected by L 332, 
15.12.2011 and 
corrected by 
L 140, 30.05.2012, 
p. 74 and 
maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EC) No 102/2012 
27.02.2012 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 558/2012 
26.06.2012 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
489/2014 

OJ 
Reference 

p. 1 
L 238 
04.09.2012 
p. 1 
L 357, 
28.12.2012 
p. 1 

L 174 
04.07.2012 
p. 5 

L 299 
16.11.2005 
p. 1 

L 326 
12.12.2007 
p. 18 

L 120 
24.04.2004 
p. 1 

L 328 
30.10.2004 
p. 1 

L 117 
11.05.2010 
p. 1 

L 36 
09.02.2012 
p. 1 

L 168 
28.06.2012 
p. 3 

L 138 
13.05.2014 
p. 80 

EN 

130 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

U.S.A. 

Biodiesel 

Duties 

Bioethanol 

Duties 

12.05.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Reg. 
(EU) No 493/2014 
13.05.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 599/2009 
07.07.2009 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Canada by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 444/2011 
05.05.2011 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 2015/1518 
14.09.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2013 
18.02.2013 

OJ 
Reference 

L 139 
14.05.2014 
p. 7 

L 179 
10.07.2009 
p. 26 

L 122 
11.05.2011 
p. 12 

L 239 
15.09.2015 
p. 69 

L 49, 
22.02.2013 
p. 10 

Vietnam 

Grain-oriented flat-
rolled products of 
silicon-electrical 
steel 

Ring binder 
mechanisms (ext.) 

Duties 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1953 

L 284 
30.10.2015, 
P. 109 

29.10.2015 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

(EC) No 2074/2004 
29.11.2004 
extended to imports 
from Vietnam 
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1208/2004 
28.06.2004 
and extended to 
imports from Laos  
by Council Reg. 
(EC) No 33/2006 
09.01.2006 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 157/2010 
22.02.2010 

L 359 
04.12.2004 
p. 11 

L 232 
01.07.2004 
p. 1 

L 7 
12.01.2006 
p. 1 

L 49 
26.02.2010 
p. 1 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

131 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX P 

12.1.16. Definitive anti-subsidy measures in force on 31 December 2016 

A. Ranked by product (alphabetical) 

Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Biodiesel (AS) 

U.S.A. 
Canada (ext.) 

Duties 

Coated fine paper (AS) 

China 

Duties 

Glass fibre products 
(continuous filament) 

China 

Duties 

Graphite electrode systems 
(AS) 

India 

Duties 

Organic coated steel products  China 

Duties 

Polyethylene terephthalate 
(PET) (AS) 

India 

Duties 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 598/2009 
07.07.2009 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Canada 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 443/2011 
05.05.2011 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 452/2011 
06.05.2011 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1379/2014 
16.12.2014 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1628/2004 
13.09.2004 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1354/2008 
18.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1185/2010 
13.12.2010 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 215/2013 
11.03.2013 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 193/2007 
22.02.2007 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1286/2008 
16.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 461/2013 
21.05.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 190/2014 
24.02.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1350 of 

OJ 
Reference 

L 179 
10.07.2009 
p. 1 

L 122 
11.05.2011 
p. 1 

L 128 
14.05.2011 
p. 18 

L 367 
23.12.2014, 
p. 22 

L 295 
18.09.2004 
p. 4 

L 350 
30.12.2008 
p. 24 

L 332 
16.12.2010 
p. 1 

L 73 
15.03.2013 
p. 16 

L 59 
27.02.2007 
p. 34 

L 340 
19.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 137 
23.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 59, 
28.02.2014, 
p. 5 

L 208 
05.08.2015 
p. 10 

EN 

132 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

OJ 
Reference 

Rainbow trout 

Turkey 

Duties 

Solar glass 

China 

Duties 

Solar panels (crystalline 
silicon photovoltaic modules 
and key components) 

China 

Duties 

Malaysia (ext.) 

Taiwan (ext.) 

Stainless steel bars and rods 
(AS) 

India 

Duties 

Stainless steel wires 

India 

Duties 

Tubes and pipes of ductile 
cast iron 

India 

Duties 

03.08.2015 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/309 
26.02.2015 

L 56 
27.02.2015 
p. 12 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
471/2014 

L 142 
14.05.2014, 
p. 23 

13.05.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1239/2013 
02.12.2013 

L 325, 
05.12.2013, 
p. 66 

Commission Dec. 
No 2013/707/EU 
05.12.2013 

Commission 
Implementation 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/185 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 405/2011 
19.04.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 721/2013 
22.07.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 861/2013 
02.09.2013 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/49 
14.01.2015  
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1019 
29.06.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1821 
09.10.2015 

Commission 
Implementing 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/388 

L 325 

05.12.2013 

p. 214 

L37 

12.02.2016, 
p. 76 

L 108 
28.04.2011 
p. 3 

L 202 
27.07.2013 
p. 2 

L 240 
07.09.2013 
p. 1 

L 9 
15.01.2015 
p. 17 

L 163 
30.06.2015 
p. 18 

L 265 
10.10.2015 
p. 4 

L 73; 
18.03.2016, 
p.53 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

133 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. Ranked by country (alphabetical) 

Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Canada 

Biodiesel (AS) 
(ext.) 

Duties (ext.)  Council Reg. 

China 

Coated fine paper 
(AS) 

Glass fibre 
products 
(continuous 
filament) 

Organic coated 
steel products 

Duties 

Duties 

Duties 

Solar glass 

Duties 

India 

Graphite electrode 
systems (AS) 

Duties 

Polyethylene 
terephthalate 
(PET) (AS) 

Duties 

Solar panels 
(crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic 
modules and key 
components) 

Duties 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1239/2013 
02.12.2013 

L 325, 
05.12.2013, 
p. 66 

OJ 
Reference 

L 179 
10.07.2009 
p. 1 

L 122 
11.05.2011 
p. 1 

L 128 
14.05.2011 
p. 18 

L 367 
23.12.2014, 
p. 22 

L 73 
15.03.2013 
p. 16 

L 142 
14.05.2014, 
p. 23 

(EC) No 598/2009 
07.07.2009 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Canada 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 443/2011 
05.05.2011 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 452/2011 
06.05.2011 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
1379/2014 
16.12.2014 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 215/2013 
11.03.2013 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) No 
471/2014 

13.05.2014 

Commission Dec. 
No 2013/707/EU 
05.12.2013 

L 325 

05.12.2013 

p. 214 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1628/2004 
13.09.2004 

L 295 
18.09.2004 
p. 4 

as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1354/2008 
18.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 1185/2010 
13.12.2010 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 193/2007 
22.02.2007 
as last amended by 
Council Reg. 
(EC) No 1286/2008 
16.12.2008 
and maintained by 
Council Impl. Reg. 

L 350 
30.12.2008 
p. 24 

L 332 
16.12.2010 
p. 1 

L 59 
27.02.2007 
p. 34 

L 340 
19.12.2008 
p. 1 

L 137 

EN 

134 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Stainless steel bars 
and rods (AS) 

Duties 

Stainless steel 
wires 

Duties 

Tubes and pipes of 
ductile cast iron 

Duties 

Malaysia 

Solar Panels (ext) 

Duties 

Taiwan 

Solar Panels (ext) 

Duties 

Turkey 

Rainbow trout 

Duties 

U.S.A. 

Biodiesel (AS) 

Duties 

(EU) No 461/2013 
21.05.2013 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 190/2014 
24.02.2014 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1350 
03.08.2015 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 405/2011 
19.04.2011 
as last amended by 
Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 721/2013 
22.07.2013 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 861/2013 
02.09.2013 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/49 
14.01.2015  
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1019 
29.06.2015 
as last amended by 
Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 
2015/1821 of 
09.10.2015 

Commission 
Implementation 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/388 

Commission 
Implementation 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/185 

Commission 
Implementation 
Regulation (EU) 
2016/185 

OJ 
Reference 

23.05.2013 
p. 1 

L 59, 
28.02.2014, 
p. 5 

L 208 
05.08.2015 
p. 10 

L 108 
28.04.2011 
p. 3 

L 202 
27.07.2013 
p. 2 

L 240 
07.09.2013 
p. 1 

L 9 
15.01.2015 
p. 17 

L 163 
30.06.2015 
p. 18 

L 265 
10.10.2015 
p. 4 

L 73 
18.03.2016, 
p. 53 

L 37 
12.02.2016, 
p. 76 

L 37 
12.02.2016, 
p. 76 

Commission Impl. 
Reg. (EU) 2015/309 
26.02.2015 

L 56 
27.02.2015 
p. 12 

Council Reg. 
(EC) No 598/2009 
07.07.2009 
and extended to 
imports consigned 
from Canada 

L 179 
10.07.2009 
p. 1 

EN 

135 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Regulation N° 

Council Impl. Reg. 
(EU) No 443/2011 
05.05.2011 

OJ 
Reference 

L 122 
11.05.2011 
p. 1 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

136 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX Q 

12.1.17. Undertakings in force on 31 December 2016 

A. Ranked by product (alphabetical) 

Product 

Origin 

Measure 

Decision N° 

Citric acid 

China 

Undertakings 

Solar panels (crystalline 
silicon photovoltaic modules 
and key components) 
(AD + AS) 

China 

Undertakings 

Commission Dec. 
No 2008/899/EC 
02.12.2008 
corrected by C 346, 
26.11.2011, p. 8 and 
by C 3, 06.01.2012, 
p. 11, corrected by C 
64, 03.03.2012, p. 
25, corrected by C 
74, 13.03.2012, p. 
16 
and amended by L 
244, 08.09.2012, p. 
27,measures 
extended after 
expiry review, 
Commission 
Implementing 
Decision (EU) 
2015/87  

Commission Dec. 
No 2013/707/EU 
05.12.2013 
corrected by L 104, 
08.04.2014, p. 82 
and amended by L 
270, 11.09.2014, p. 
6 

OJ 
Reference 

L 323 
03.12.2008 
p. 62,  

L 15, 
22.1.2015, p. 
75 

L 325 
05.12.2013 
p. 214 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

137 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. Ranked by country (alphabetical) 

Origin 

Product 

Measure 

Decision N° 

Publication 

China 

Citric acid 

Undertakings 

China 

Undertakings 

Solar panels 
(crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic 
modules and key 
components) 
(AD + AS) 

L 323 
03.12.2008 
p. 62 

L 15, 
22.1.2015, p. 
75 

L 325 
05.12.2013 
p. 214 

Commission Dec. 
No 2008/899/EC 
02.12.2008 
corrected by C 346, 
26.11.2011, p. 8 and 
by C 3, 06.01.2012, 
p. 11, corrected by C 
64, 03.03.2012, p. 
25, corrected by C 
74, 13.03.2012, p. 
16 
and amended by L 
244, 08.09.2012, p. 
27measures 
extended after 
expiry review, 
Commission 
Implementing 
Decision (EU) 
2015/87 

Commission Dec. 
No 2013/707/EU 
05.12.2013 
corrected by L 104, 
08.04.2014, p. 82 
and amended by L 
270, 11.09.2014, p. 
6 

EN 

138 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX R 

Top 

List of Annexes 

12.1.18. Anti-dumping & anti-subsidy investigations pending on 31 December 2016  

A. New investigations (ranked by product – in alphabetical order) 

Product 

Biodiesel 

AD/AS 
No 

R658 

Origin 

Type 

OJ Reference 

Argentina, 
Indonesia 

Initiation-
Reopening 

C 476; 
20.12.2016; p.3 

Cast iron articles 

AD637 

China, India 

Initiation 

Concrete reinforcement bars and 
rods (rebars) 

AD633 

Belarus 

Initiation 

Corrosion resistant steels 

AD639 

China 

Initiation 

Heavy plate of non-alloy or other 
alloy steel 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-
alloy or other alloy steel 

AD631 

China 

Initiation 

AD630 

China 

Initiation 

AS634 

China 

Initiation 

AD635 

Brazil 

Initiation 

Iran 

Russia 

Serbia 

Ukraine 

Lightweight thermal paper 

AD629 

South Korea 

Initiation 

Oxalic Acid 

AD568a 

India 

Initiation-
Reopening 

Purified terephthalic acid 

AD636 

Rep. Of Korea 

Initiation 

C 461; 
10.12.2016, p.22 

C 114; 
31.03.2016, p.3 

C 459; 
09.12.2016, p.17 

C 58; 13.02.2016, 
p.20 

C 58; 13.02.2016, 
p.9 

C 172; 
13.05.2016, p.29 

C 246; 
07.07.2016, p.7 

C 62; 18.02.2016, 
p.7 

OJ C 148; 

27.04.2016 

 p. 18 

C 281; 
03.08.2016, p.18 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron 
or steel 

R606 

China 

Initiation-
Reopening 

C 331; 
09.09.2016, p.4 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron 
(other than cast iron) or steel 
(other than stainless steel), of 
circular cross section, of an 
external diameter exceeding 406,4 
mm 

AD632 

China 

Initiation 

C58; 13.02.2016, 
p.30 

Stainless steel cold-rolled flat 
products 

AD607a 

Taiwan 

Initiation-
Reopening 

C 291; 
11.08.2016, p.7 

EN 

139 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product 

AD/AS 
No 

Origin 

Type 

OJ Reference 

Stainless steel tube and pipe butt-
welding fittings 

AD622 

China 
Taiwan 

Initiation 

C 357 
29.10.2015 
p. 5 

Threaded tube or pipe cast 
fittings, of malleable cast iron 

AD585 

China, Thailand, 
Indonesia 

Initiation-
Reopening 

C 398; 
28.10.2016, p.57 

EN 

140 

   EN 

 
B. Review investigations (ranked by product - in alphabetical order) 

Product 

R. No 

Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

Type of 
review 

OJ 
Reference 

Aluminium foil  

R646 

China 

Aluminium road wheels 

R628 

China 

Anti-
circumvention 
investigation 

Expiry review 

Barium carbonate 

R649 

China 

Expiry review 

Ceramic tiles 

R650 

China 

Expiry review 

Coated fine paper 

R645  

R647 

China 

Expiry review 
(AD+AS) 

Filament glass fibre products 

R641  

China 

Graphite electrode systems 

R633 

R634 

India 

Expiry 
review 

Expiry review 
(AD+AS) 

Hand pallet trucks and their ess. 
parts 

R654 

China 

Expiry review 

High tenacity yarn of polyester 

R653 

China 

Partial interim 
review 

Melamine 

R644 

China 

Expiry review 

Okoume plywood 

R638 

China 

Expiry review 

Open mesh fabrics of glass fibres 

R648 

China 

Expiry review 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 

R631 

China 

Expiry review 

Seamless pipes and tubes of 
stainless steel 

R657 

China 

Expiry review 

L 144; 
01.06.2016, 
p.35 

C 355 
27.10.2015 
p. 8 

C 298; 
18.08.2016, 
p.4 

C 336; 
13.09.2016, 
p.5 

C 172; 
13.05.2016, 
p.9 

C 172; 
13.05.2016, 
p.19 

C 99; 
15.03.2016, 
p.10 

C 415, 
15.12.2015, 
p.25 

C 415, 
15.12.2015, 
p.33 

C 373; 
12.10.2016, 
p.3 

C 384; 
18.10.2016, 
p.15 

C 167; 
11.05.2016, 
p.7 

C 34; 
29.01.2016, 
p.5 

C 288; 
09.08.2016, 
p.3 

C 376 
13.11.2015 
p. 13 

C 461; 
10.12.2016, 

EN 

141 

   EN 

 
 
Product 

R. No 

Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

Type of 
review 

OJ 
Reference 

p.12 

Sodium Gluconate 

R624 

China 

Expiry review 

OJ C 355; 

27.10.2015 

 p. 18 

Solar panels 

R629 

China 

Expiry review 

C 53; 

5.12.2015 

 p. 18 

Solar panels 

R630 

China 

Expiry review 

C 405; 

5.12.2015 

 p. 20 

Solar panels 

R640a 

China 

Interim review 

C 405; 

5.12.2015 

 p. 33 

Solar panels 

R640b 

China 

Interim review 

C 405; 

Stainless steel bars and rods 

R642 

India 

Expiry review 

5.12.2015 

 p. 33 

C 148; 
27.04.2016, 
p.8 

Stainless steel wire 

R635 

India 

Interim review 

C 411; 

Trichloroisocyanuric acid 

R656 

China 

Expiry review 

Tungsten carbide 

R643 

China 

Expiry review 

C. Ranked by country (new and review investigations) (alphabetical) 

Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

AD/AS/R 
No 

Argentina 

R658 

Biodiesel 

Product  

Type 

Initiation-
Reopening 

Belarus 

AD633 

Concrete reinforcement bars and 
rods (rebars 

Initiation 

Brazil 

AD635 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-
alloy or other alloy steel 

Initiation 

11.12.2015  

p. 4 

C 476; 
20.12.2016; 
p. 6 

C 108; 
23.03.2016, 
p.6 

OJ 
Reference 

C 476; 
20.12.2016; 
p.3 

C 114; 
31.03.2016, 
p.3 

C 246; 
07.07.2016, 

EN 

142 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

AD/AS/R 
No 

Product  

Type 

OJ 
Reference 

Iran 

AD635 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-
alloy or other alloy steel 

Initiation 

China 

R646 

Aluminium foil 

Anti-
circumvention 
investigation 

R628 

Aluminium road wheels 

Expiry review 

R649 

Barium carbonate 

Expiry review 

AD637 

Cast iron articles 

Initiation 

R650 

Ceramic tiles 

Expiry review 

R645  

R647 

Coated fine paper 

Expiry review 
(AD+AS) 

AD639 

Corrosion resistant steels 

Initiation 

R641 

Filament glass fibre products 

Expiry review 

AD631 

Heavy plate of non-alloy or other 
alloy steel 

Initiation 

R654 

Hand pallet trucks and their ess. 
parts 

Expiry review 

R653 

High tenacity yarn of polyester 

Partial interim 
review 

AD630 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Initiation 

AS634 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Initiation 

R644 

Melamine 

Expiry review 

p.7 

C 246; 
07.07.2016, 
p.7 

L 144; 
01.06.2016, 
p.35 

C 355 
27.10.2015 
p. 8 

C 298; 
18.08.2016, 
p.4 

C 461; 
10.12.2016, 
p.22 

C 336; 
13.09.2016, 
p.5 

C 172; 
13.05.2016, 
p.9 

C 172; 
13.05.2016, 
p.19 

C 459; 
09.12.2016, 
p.17 

C 99; 
15.03.2016, 
p.10 

C58; 
13.02.2016, 
p.20 

C 373; 
12.10.2016, 
p.3 

C 384; 
18.10.2016, 
p.15 

C58; 
13.02.2016, 
p.9 

C 172; 
13.05.2016, 
p.29 

C 167; 
11.05.2016, 

EN 

143 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

AD/AS/R 
No 

Product  

Type 

R638 

Okoume plywood 

Expiry review 

R648 

Open mesh fabrics of glass fibres 

Expiry review 

R631 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 

Expiry review 

R606 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron 
or steel 

Initiation-
Reopening  

AD632 

Seamless pipes and tubes of iron 
(other than cast iron) or steel 
(other than stainless steel), of 
circular cross section, of an 
external diameter exceeding 406,4 
mm 

Initiation 

R657 

Seamless pipes and tubes of 
stainless steel 

Expiry review 

R624 

Sodium gluconate 

Expiry review 

R629 

R630 

Solar panels (crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic modules and key 
components) 

Expiry review 

R640a 

R640b 

Solar panels (crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic modules and key 
components) 

Partial interim 
review 

AD622 

Stainless steel tube and pipe butt-
welding fittings 

Initiation 

R643 

Tungsten carbide 

Expiry review 

AD585a 

Threaded tube or pipe cast 
fittings, of malleable cast iron 

Initiation-
Reopening 

R656 

Trichloroisocyanuric acid 

Expiry review 

OJ 
Reference 

p.7 

C 34; 
29.01.2016, 
p.5 

C 288; 
09.08.2016, 
p.3 

C 376 
13.11.2015 
p. 13 

C 331; 
09.09.2016, 
p.4 

C58; 
13.02.2016, 
p.30 

C 461; 
10.12.2016, 
p.12 

C 355 
27.10.2015 
p. 18 

C 405, 
05.12.2015, 
p. 20 

C 405, 
05.12.2015, 
p. 33 

C 405, 
05.12.2015, 
p. 33 

C 411, 
11.12.2015, 
p. 4 

C 357 
29.10.2015 
p. 5 

C 108; 
23.03.2016, 
p.6 

C 398; 
28.10.2016, 
p.57 

C 476; 
20.12.2016; 
p. 6 

EN 

144 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

AD/AS/R 
No 

Product  

Type 

OJ 
Reference 

India 

AD637 

Cast iron articles 

Initiation 

R635 

Stainless steel wires 

Partial interim 
review 

R633 

R634 

Graphite electrode systems 

Expiry review 

AD568a 

Oxalic acid 

Initiation-
Reopening 

R642 

Stainless steel bars and rods 

Expiry review 

Indonesia 

R658 

Biodiesel 

Initiation-
Reopening 

AD585a 

Threaded tube or pipe cast 
fittings, of malleable cast iron 

Initiation-
Reopening 

Korea, Rep. of 

AD629 

Lightweight thermal paper 

Initiation 

AD636 

Purified terephthalic acid 

Initiation 

Russia 

AD635 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Initiation 

Serbia 

AD635 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 
non-alloy or other alloy steel 

Initiation 

Taiwan 

AD607a 

Stainless steel cold-rolled flat 
products 

Initiation-
reopening 

AD622 

Stainless steel tube and pipe butt-
welding fittings 

Initiation 

Thailand 

AD585a 

Threaded tube or pipe cast 
fittings, of malleable cast iron 

Initiation-
Reopening 

C 461; 
10.12.2016, 
p.22 

C 411, 
11.12.2015, 
p. 4 

C 415, 
15.12.2015, 
p.33 

C 415, 
15.12.2015, 
p.25 

OJ C 148; 

27.04.2016 

 p. 18 

C 148; 
27.04.2016, 
p.8 

C 476; 
20.12.2016; 
p.3 

C 398; 
28.10.2016, 
p.57 

C 62; 
18.02.2016, 
p.7 

C 281; 
03.08.2016, 
p.18 

C 246; 
07.07.2016, 
p.7 

C 246; 
07.07.2016, 
p.7 

C 291; 
11.08.2016, 
p.7 

C 357 
29.10.2015 
p. 5 

C 398; 
28.10.2016, 
p.57 

Ukraine 

AD635 

Hot-rolled flat products of iron, 

Initiation 

C 246; 

EN 

145 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Origin 
(consigned 
from) 

AD/AS/R 
No 

Product  

Type 

non-alloy or other alloy steel 

OJ 
Reference 

07.07.2016, 
p.7 

Top 

List of Annexes 

EN 

146 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX S 

12.1.19. Court cases  

A. 

Court cases pending before the Court of Justice of the European Union and the 
General Court on 31 December 2016: 

C-239/15 P 

C-253/15 P 

C-254/15 P 

C-247/15 P 

C-248/15 P 

C-259/15 P 

C-260/15 P 

C-376/15 P 

C-377/15 P 

C-61/16 P 

C-156/16 

C-204/16P 

C-205/16P 

C-222/16 

C-256/16 

C-301/16 P 

C-349/16 

C-465/16 P 

C-466/16 P 

C-602/16 P  

Court of Justice 

RFAI v Commission (appeal T-466/12) 

Commission v Chin Haur (appeal T-412/13) 

Commission v City Cycle (appeal T-413/13) 

Maxcom v Chin Haur (appeal T-412/13) 

Maxcom v City Cycle (appeal T-413/13) 

Council v Chin Haur (appeal T-412/13) 

Council v City Cycle (appeal T-413/13) 

Changshu City v Council (appeal T-558/12) 

Ningbo Jinding v Council (appeal T-559/12) 

EBMA (appeal T-425/13 Giant) 

Tigers  

SolarWorld and Others v Council (appeal T-141/14) 

SolarWorld and Others v Council (appeal T-142/14) 

MIP-TS (preliminary ruling) 

Deichmann 

Commission  v  Xinyi  PV  Products  (Anhui)  Holdings  Ltd 
(appeal in T-586/14) 

T.KUP SAS (preliminary ruling) 

Council  v  Growth  Energy  and  Renewable  fuels  association 
(appeal T-276/13) 

Council v Marquis Energy LLC (appeal T-277/13) 

Unilec Bio SÁ, Commission & European 

EN 

147 

   EN 

 
 
Biodiesel Board v Council 

C-607/16 P  

Molino Rio de la Plata SA e.a., Commission & 

European Biodiesel Board v Council 

C-608/16P  

Cargill S.A.C.I., Commission & European 

Biodiesel Board v Council 

C-609/16 P 

LDC Argentina SA, Commission et European 

Biodiesel Board v Council 

General Court 

Distillerie Bonollo SpA v Council 

Changmao Biochemical Engineering v Council 

CPME and Others v Council 

Viraj v Council 

JingAo Solar Co. Ltd and Others v Council 

JingAo Solar Co. Ltd and Others v Council 

Yingli Energy (China) and Others v Council 

Yingli Energy (China) and Others v Council 

Canadian Solar Emea and Others v Council 

Canadian Solar Emea and Others v Council 

AETMD v Council 

CHEMK v Commission 

SolarWorld AG v Commission 

RFA International v Commission 

Kolachi Raj Industrial v Commission 

Asia Leader v Commission 

Yieh United Steel (Yusco) v Commission 

Taigang v Commission 

T-431/12 

T-442/12 

T-422/13 

T-67/14 

T-157/14 

T-158/14 

T-160/14 

T-161/14 

T-162/14 

T-163/14 

T-460/14 

T-487/14 

T-783/14 

T-113/15 

T-435/15 

T-462/15 

T-607/15 

T-675/15 

T-512/09 RENV 

Rusal Armenal v Council 

EN 

148 

   EN 

 
T-211/16 

T-217/16 

T-230/16 

T-152/16 

T-300/16 

T-301/16 

T-310/16 

T-364/16 

T-442/16 

T-654/16 

T-741/16 

T-749/16 

T-752/16 

T-753/16 

T-781/16 

T-782/16 

T-783/16 

T-861/16  

T-512/09RENV 

T-790/16 

Caviro Distillerie and others v Commission 

IPM v Commission 

C&J Clarks v Commission 

Megasol Energie AG v Commission 

Jindal v Commission 

Jindal v Commission 

Foshan Lihua Ceramic Co. Ltd v Commission 

ArcelorMittal  Tubular  Products  Ostrava  a.s.  and  Others  v 
Commission 

Šroubárna Ždánice v EU (claim for damages) 

Foshan Lihua Ceramic Co. Ltd v Commission 

Changmao Biochemical Engineering Co. Ltd 

Stemcor v Commission 

NLMK v Commission 

Severstal v Commission 

Puma v Commission 

Timberland v Commission 

C & J Clark v Commission 

C & J Clark International Ltd v Commission 

Rusal Armenal ZAO c/ Conseil 

C & J Clark International Ltd c/ Commission 

B. 

Judgments, orders or other decisions rendered in 2016 

C-283/14 

C-284/14 

Court of Justice 

CM Eurologistik GmbH (preliminary ruling) 

Grünwald Logistik Service GmbH (GLS) (preliminary ruling) 

EN 

149 

   EN 

 
 
C-659/13 

C-34/14 

C-142/15 P 

C-312/15 P 

C-186/14 P 

C-193/14 P 

C-232/14 

C-571/14 

C-31/15 P 

C-345/15 P 

C-416/15 

C-468/15 P 

C-323/14 

C & J Clark International (preliminary ruling) 

Puma (preliminary ruling) 

SolarWorld AG e.a. v Commission (appeal T-507/13) 

SolarWorld v Commission (appeal T-393/13) 

ArcelorMittal  Tubular  Products  Ostrava  and  Others  v  Hubei 
Xinyegang Steel Co. (appeal T-528/09) 

Council v Hubei Xinyegang Steel Co. (appeal T-528/09) 

Portmeirion Group (preliminary ruling) 

Timberland (preliminary ruling) 

Photo USA Electronic Graphic (appeal) 

Chemk v Council (appeal T-169/12) 

Selena Romania (preliminary ruling) 

PTMM v Council (appeal T-26/12) 

Helm AG c/ Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst Douane, kantoor 
Rotterdam/Rijnmond (preliminary ruling) 

T-199/04 RENV 

Gul Ahmed v Council 

General Court 

T-141/14 

T-142/14 

T-586/14 

T-276/13 

T-277/13 

T-424/13 

T-80/14 

T-111/14 

T-112/14 

T-113/14 

SolarWorld and Others v Council 

SolarWorld and Others v Council 

Xinyi PV Products (Anhui) Holdings Ltd v Commission 

Growth Energy and Renewable fuels association v Council 

Marquis Energy LLC v Council 

Jinan Meide Casting v Council 

PT Musim Mas v Council 

Unitec Bio v Council  

Molinos Río de la Plata v Council  

Oleaginosa Moreno Hermanos v Council  

EN 

150 

   EN 

 
T-114/14 

T-115/14 

T-116/14 

T-117/14 

T-118/14 

T-119/14 

T-120/14 

T-121/14 

T-139/14 

T-351/13 

T-73/12 

T-75/12 

Vicentin v Council  

Aceitera General Deheza v Council  

Bunge Argentina v Council  

Cargill v Council  

Louis Dreyfus Commodities v Council  

Carbio v Council  

PT Ciliandra Perkasa v Council  

PT Pelita Agung Agrindustri v Council  

PT  Wilmar  Bioenergi  Indonesia  and  PT  Wilmar  Nabati 
Indonesia v Council 

Crown v Council 

Einhell Germany AG e.a. c/ Commission 

Nu Air Polska sp. z o.o.c/ Commission 

EN 

151 

   EN 

 
 
12.1.20. Safeguard and surveillance measures in force on 31 December 2016 

A. Safeguard measures 

List of safeguard measures in force 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

B. Surveillance measures 

List of surveillance measures in force 

Product 

Country of 
origin 

Regulation/Decision 
N° 

OJ 
Reference 

None 

EN 

152 

   EN