Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1221 of 22 June 2017 amending Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 as regards the methodology for the determination of evaporative emissions (Type 4 test) (Text with EEA relevance. )
Date: 2017-06-22
Institutions: Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, European Commission
Subjects: access to EU information, approval, commercial vehicle, general mechanical engineering, motor vehicle, motor vehicle pollution, pollution control measures, technical standard




L_2017174EN.01000301.xml










7.7.2017   


EN


Official Journal of the European Union


L 174/3








            COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/1221
of 22 June 2017
         
amending Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 as regards the methodology for the determination of evaporative emissions (Type 4 test)
(Text with EEA relevance)


THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,


Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (1), and in particular Article 14(3) thereof,

Whereas:







(1)


Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 requires new light-duty vehicles to comply with certain emission limits including evaporative emissions. The specific technical provisions necessary to implement that Regulation were adopted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 (2).












(2)


The Commission established a working group in March 2011 involving all interested stakeholders for reviewing the existing methodology for measuring evaporative emissions and developing a new one, addressing mainly the issues of purging strategy, effect of ethanol on canister working capacity, durability, fuel permeation and refuelling emissions.












(3)


The working group based its work on many elements contained in two reports published by the Joint Research Centre of the Commission entitled ‘Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Introducing a new European Evaporative Emissions Test Procedure’ and ‘Review of the European Test Procedure for Evaporative Emissions: Main Issues and Proposed Solutions’.












(4)


The analysis of the working group has identified a number of shortfalls which undermine the efficacy of the evaporative emissions control and need to be remedied in order to ensure an satisfactory level of environmental protection. It is therefore appropriate to introduce two new procedures for aging of the carbon canister and for the definition of a permeability of the fuel system in the existing type-approval procedure.












(5)


The addition of ethanol in the European petrol fuels, especially when splash-blended has an effect in the vapour pressure of the fuel. The E10 reference fuel should therefore be used in testing in order to better reflect the currently used fuel in the Union.












(6)


Monolayer plastic tanks are still being sold in the Union and are expected to be a significant part of the European fleet until the year 2030. However, such tanks are permeable to ethanol, which is thus emitted in the environment. Therefore, a dedicated procedure to measure the permeation of ethanol is needed in order to take into account this effect.












(7)


The addition of ethanol was also proven to affect the durability of carbon canisters in studies performed by the Swedish Road Administration and TUV Nord. For this reason, a new procedure should be added in order to age the canister. The aged canister should then be used in the tested vehicle during the SHED test.












(8)


The current purging strategies employed in vehicles in the Union are not adequate especially for urban driving and thus may lead to increased bleed emissions. Therefore, the test drive before the SHED test was reviewed and the duration of the diurnal test should be increased to 48 hours.












(9)


Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 should therefore be amended accordingly.












(10)


The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee — Motor Vehicles,





HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:



Article 1

Amendments to Regulation (EC) No 692/2008

Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 is amended as follows:






(1)


In Article 2, the following points 45 to 48 are added:






‘45.


“Fuel Storage System” means devices which allow storing the fuel, comprising of the fuel tank, the fuel filler, the filler cap and the fuel pump;










46.


“Permeability Factor (PF)” means the hydrocarbon emissions as reflected in the permeability of the fuel storage system;










47.


“Monolayer tank” means a fuel tank constructed with a single layer of material;










48.


“Multilayer tank” means a fuel tank constructed with at least two different layered materials, one of which is impermeable to hydrocarbons, including ethanol.’














(2)


In Article 17, the following paragraph is inserted after the second subparagraph:
‘Annex VI as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1221 (*1) shall apply from 1 September 2019 to all new vehicles registered on and after that date.

(*1)  
                                    OJ L 174, 7.7.2017, p. 3
                                    ’."
                        










(3)


Annex VI is replaced by the text set out in the Annex to this Regulation.






Article 2

Entry into force and application

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.




This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 22 June 2017.


For the Commission


The President

Jean-Claude JUNCKER
            





(1)  
            OJ L 171, 29.6.2007, p. 1.

(2)  Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ L 199, 28.7.2008, p. 1).




ANNEX



‘ANNEX VI
1.   Introduction

1.1.   This Annex describes the procedure for the Type 4 test, which determines the emission of hydrocarbons by evaporation from the fuel systems of vehicles with positive ignition engines.
2.   Technical requirements

2.1.   Introduction
The procedure includes the evaporative emissions test and two additional tests, one for the aging of the carbon canister, as described in point 5.1, and one for the permeability of the fuel storage system, as described in point 5.2.
The evaporative emissions test (Figure 1) is designed to determine hydrocarbon evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperatures fluctuation, hot soaks during parking, and urban driving.
2.2   The evaporative emissions test consists of:






(a)


Test drive including an urban (Part One) and an extra-urban (Part Two) driving cycle, followed by two urban (Part One) driving cycles,










(b)


Hot soak loss determination,










(c)


Diurnal loss determination.




The mass emissions of hydrocarbons from the hot soak and the diurnal loss phases are added up together with the permeability factor to provide an overall result for the test.
3.   Vehicle and fuel

3.1.   Vehicle
3.1.1.   The vehicle shall be in good mechanical condition and have been run in and driven at least 3 000 km before the test. For the purpose of the determination of evaporative emissions, the mileage and the age of the vehicle used for certification shall be recorded. The evaporative emission control system shall be connected and have been functioning correctly over the run in period and the carbon canister(s) shall have been subject to normal use, neither undergoing abnormal purging nor abnormal loading. The carbon canister(s) aged according to the Procedure set out in point 5.1 shall be connected as described in Figure 1.
3.2.   Fuel
3.2.1.   The Type I E10 reference fuel specified in Annex IX to Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 shall be used. For the purposes of this Regulation, E10 reference shall mean the Type I reference fuel, except for the canister aging, as set out in point 5.1.
4.   Test equipment for evaporative test

4.1.   Chassis dynamometer
The chassis dynamometer shall meet the requirements of Appendix 1 of Annex 4a to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
4.2.   Evaporative emission measurement enclosure
The evaporative emission measurement enclosure shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.2 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.

Figure 1


Determination of evaporative emissions



                                 3 000 km run-in period (no excessive purge/load)


Use of aged of canister(s)


Steam-clean of vehicle (if necessary)


Reducing or removing non-fuel background emission sources (if agreed)




Soak between 20 °C and 30 °C between 12 to 36 h
Soak between 20 °C and 30 °C between 12 to 36 h
Fuel system Aging
Duration 5 months approx.
End
Hot start in < 2 min, the two Part 1
MHS + MD1 + MD2 +2PF < 2,0 g/test
2nd day diurnal MD2
1st day diurnal: MD1
Soak at 293 K for the last 6 h
Permeability Factor: PF
Hoat soak test: MHS
293 K ± 2 K (20 °C ± 2 °C)
Tstart = 293 K (20 °C)
Tmin = 308 K; ΔT = 15 K
24 hours, No of diurnals = 2
Tmin = 296 K (23 °C)
Tmax = 304 K (31 °C)
60 min ± 0,5 min
Test drive NEDC
and max 2 min before engine shut-off
Type 1: one Part 1 + one Part 2
Tstart = 293 K to 303 K (20 °C - 30 °C)
And then two Part 1
Type 1: one Part 1 + two Part 2
Tstart = 293 K to 303 K (20 °C - 30 °C)
Fuel temperature 291 K ± 8 K (18 °C ± 8 °C)
40 % ± 2 % of nominal tank capacity
Ambient temperature: 293 K to 303 K (20 °C - 30 °C)
6 h to 36 h
Max 7 min
Max 1 h
Aged canister load to breakthrough
Fuel drain and refill
Pre-conditioning drive
Max 5 min
Canister Bench Aging
Duration 2 months approx.
Max 1 h
Start







Notes:










1.


Evaporative emission control families — as in point 3.2 of Annex I










2.


Exhaust emissions may be measured during Type I test drive but these are not used for legislative purposes. Exhaust emission legislative test remains separate.









4.3.   Analytical systems
The analytical systems shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.3 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
4.4.   Temperature recording
The temperature recording shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.5 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
4.5.   Pressure recording
The pressure recording shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.6 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
4.6.   Fans
The fans shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.7 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
4.7.   Gases
The gases shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.8 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
4.8.   Additional Equipment
The additional equipment shall meet the requirements of paragraph 4.9 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
5.   Test procedure

5.1.   Canister(s) bench aging
Before performing the hot soak and diurnal losses sequences, the canister(s) must be aged according the following procedure described in Figure 2.

Figure 2


Canister bench aging procedure




× 50
3. Fuel aging for 300 cycles (BWC)
2. Canister vibration conditioning test: Canister is shaken along the vertical axis for 12 h. Overall Grms > 1,5 with frequency of 30 ± 10 Hz
1. Temperature conditioning test: Canister brought from – 15 °C to 60 °C, 210 min; temp gradient 1 °C/min
Select new canister sample
Test start
5.1.1.   Temperature conditioning test
In a dedicated temperature chamber, the canister(s) is (are) cycled between temperatures from – 15 °C to 60 °C, with 30 min of stabilisation at – 15 °C and 60 °C. Each cycle shall last 210 min as in Figure 3. The temperature gradient shall be as close as possible to 1 °C/min. No forced air flow should pass through the canister(s).
The cycle is repeated 50 times consecutively. In total, this operation will last 175 hours.

Figure 3


Temperature conditioning cycle




Temperature (°C) vs time (min)
5.1.2.   Canister vibration conditioning test
After the temperature aging procedure, the canister(s) is (are) shaken along the vertical axis with the canister(s) mounted as per its orientation in the vehicle with overall Grms (1) > 1,5 m/sec2 with frequency of 30 ± 10 Hz. The test shall last 12 hours.
5.1.3.   Canister Fuel aging test
5.1.3.1.   Fuel Aging for 300 cycles
5.1.3.1.1.   After the temperature conditioning test and vibration test, the canister(s) is aged with a mixture of Type I E10 market fuel as specified in point 5.1.3.1.1.1 below and nitrogen or air with a 50 ± 15 percent fuel vapour volume. The fuel vapour fill rate must be kept between 60 ± 20 g/h.
The canister(s) is (are) loaded to the corresponding breakthrough. Breakthrough shall be considered as the point at which the cumulative quantity of hydrocarbons emitted is equal to 2 grams. As an alternative, the loading is deemed completed when the equivalent concentration level at the vent hole reaches 3 000 ppm.
5.1.3.1.1.1   The E10 market fuel used for this test shall fulfil the same requirements as an E10 reference fuel for the following points:






—


Density at 15 °C










—


Vapour Pressure (DVPE)










—


Distillation (evaporates only)










—


Hydrocarbon analysis (olefins, aromatics, benzene only)










—


Oxygen content










—


Ethanol content




5.1.3.1.2.   The canister(s) shall be purged according the procedure of paragraph 5.1.3.8 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The standard conditions are 273,2 K and 101,33 kPa.
The canister must be purged between 5 minutes to 1 hour maximum after loading.
5.1.3.1.3.   The steps of the procedure set out in points 5.1.3.1.1 and.5.1.3.1.2 shall be repeated 50 times, followed by a measurement of the Butane Working Capacity (BWC), meant as the ability of an activated carbon canister to absorb and desorb butane from dry air under specified conditions, in 5 butane cycles, as described in point 5.1.3.1.4 below. The fuel vapour ageing will continue until 300 cycles are reached. A measurement of the BWC in 5 butane cycles, as set out in point 5.1.3.1.4, will be made after the 300 cycles.
5.1.3.1.4.   After 50 and 300 Fuel aging cycles, a measurement of BWC is performed. This measurement consists of loading the canister according to paragraph 5.1.6.3, of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83 until breakthrough. The BWC is recorded.
Then, the canister(s) shall be purged according the procedure of paragraph 5.1.3.8 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
The canister must be purged between 5 minutes to 1 hour maximum after loading.
The operation of butane loading is repeated 5 times. The BWC is recorded after each butane loading step. The BWC50 is calculated as the average of the 5 BWC and recorded.
In total, the canister(s) will be aged with 300 fuel aging cycles + 10 butane cycles and considered to be stabilised.
5.1.3.2.   If the canister(s) is (are) provided by the Suppliers, the Manufacturers shall inform in advance the Type-Approval Authorities to allow them to witness any part of the aging in the Supplier's facilities.
5.1.3.3.   The manufacturer shall provide to the Type-Approval Authorities a test report including at least the following elements:






—


Type of activated carbon,










—


Loading rate,










—


Fuel specifications,










—


BWC measurements




5.2.   Determination of the Permeability Factor of the Fuel System (Figure 4)

Figure 4


Determination of the Permeability Factor




Drain and fill the tank with reference fuel at 40 %
Permeability Factor = HC20W – HC3W
Measurement of HC in the same conditions as in Diurnal Emission test: HC3W
Measurement of HC in the same conditions as in Diurnal Emission test: HC20W
Drain and fill the tank with reference fuel at 40 %
Fill the tank with fresh reference fuel at 40 %
Soak for the remaining 17 weeks at 40 °C +/– 2 °C
Soak for 3 weeks at 40 °C +/– 2 °C
Test start
The fuel storage system representative of a family is selected and fixed to a rig, then soaked with E10 reference fuel for 20 weeks at 40 °C +/– 2 °C. The orientation of the fuel storage system on the rig has to be similar to the original orientation on the vehicle.
5.2.1.   The tank is filled with fresh E10 reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 8 °C. The tank is filled at 40 % +/– 2 % of the nominal tank capacity. Then, the rig with the fuel system is placed in a specific and secure room with a controlled temperature of 40 °C +/– 2 °C for 3 weeks.
5.2.2.   At the end of the third week, the tank is drained and refilled with fresh E10 reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 8 °C at 40 % +/– 2 % of the nominal tank capacity.
Within 6 to 36 hours, the last 6 hours at 20 °C ± 2 °C the rig with the fuel system is placed in a VT-SHED a diurnal procedure is performed over a period of 24 hours, according to the procedure described according to paragraph 5.7 of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The fuel system is vented to the outside of the VT-SHED to eliminate the possibility of the tank venting emissions being counted as permeation. The HC emissions are measured and the value is recorded as HC3W.
5.2.3.   The rig with the fuel system is placed again in a specific and secure room with a controlled temperature of 40 °C +/– 2 °C for the remaining 17 weeks.
5.2.4.   At the end of the remaining 17th week, the tank is drained and refilled with fresh reference fuel at a temperature of 18 °C ± 8 °C at 40 % +/– 2 % of the nominal tank capacity.
Within 6 to 36 hours, the last 6 hours at 20 °C ± 2 °C, the rig with the fuel system is placed in a VT-SHED a diurnal procedure is performed over a period of 24 hours, according to the procedure described according to paragraph 5.7 of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The fuel system is vented to the outside of the VT-SHED to eliminate the possibility of the tank venting emissions being counted as permeation. The HC emissions are measured and the value is recorded as HC20W.
5.2.5.   The Permeability Factor is the difference between HC20W and HC3W in g/24 h with 3 digits.
5.2.6.   If the Permeability Factor is determined by the Suppliers, the Manufacturers shall inform in advance the Type-Approval Authorities to allow witness check in Supplier's facilities.
5.2.7.   The manufacturer shall provide to the Type-Approval Authorities a test report containing at least the following elements:






(a)


A full description of the fuel storage system tested, including information on the type of tank tested, whether the tank is monolayer or multilayer and which types of materials are used for the tank and other parts of the fuel storage system,










(b)


the weekly mean temperatures at which the ageing was performed,










(c)


the HC measured at week 3 (HC3W),










(d)


the HC measured at week 20 (HC20W)










(e)


the resulting Permeability Factor (PF)




5.2.8.   As an exception to points 5.2.1 to 5.2.7 above, the Manufacturers using multilayer tanks may choose to use the following assigned permeability factor (APF) instead of the complete measurement procedure mentioned above:
APF multilayer tank = 120 mg/24 h
5.2.8.1   Where the manufacturer chooses to use Assigned Permeability Factors, the manufacturer shall provide to the Type-Approval Authority, a declaration in which the type of tank is clearly specified, as well as a declaration of the type of materials used.
5.3.   Sequence of measurement of hot soak and diurnal losses
The vehicle is prepared in accordance to paragraph 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83. At the request of the manufacturer and with the approval of the responsible authority, non-fuel background emission sources may be removed or reduced before testing (e.g. baking tire or vehicle, removing washer fluid).
5.3.1.   Soak
The vehicle is parked for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 36 hours in the soak area. The engine oil and coolant temperatures shall have reached the temperature of the area or within ± 3 °C of it at the end of the period.
5.3.2.   Fuel drain and refill
The fuel drain and refill is performed in accordance to the procedure of paragraph 5.1.7 of Annex 7 of UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
5.3.3.   Preconditioning drive
Within one hour from the completing of fuel drain and refill, the vehicle is placed on the chassis dynamometer and driven through one Part One and two Part Two driving cycles of Type I according to Annex 4a to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
Exhaust emissions are not sampled during this operation.
5.3.4.   Soak
Within five minutes of completing the preconditioning operation the vehicle is parked for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 36 hours in the soak area. The engine oil and coolant temperatures shall have reached the temperature of the area or within ± 3 °C of it at the end of the period.
5.3.5.   Canister breakthrough
The canister(s) aged according to the sequence described in point 5.1 is loaded to breakthrough according to the procedure paragraph 5.1.4 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
5.3.6.   Dynamometer test
5.3.6.1.   Within one hour from completing of canister loading, the vehicle is placed on the chassis dynamometer and driven through one Part One and one Part Two driving cycles of Type I according to Annex 4a to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. Then the engine is shut off. Exhaust emissions may be sampled during this operation but the results shall not be used for the purpose of exhaust emission type-approval.
5.3.6.2.   Within two minutes of completing the Type I Test drive specified in point 5.3.6.1 the vehicle is driven a further conditioning drive consisting of two Part One test cycles (hot start) of Type I. Then the engine is shut off again. Exhaust emissions need not be sampled during this operation.
5.3.7.   Hot Soak
After the Dynamometer test, hot soak evaporative emissions test is performed in accordance to paragraph 5.5 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The hot soak losses result is calculated according to paragraph 6 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83 and recorded as MHS.
5.3.8.   Soak
After hot soak evaporative emissions test, a soak is performed according to paragraph 5.6 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83.
5.3.9.   Diurnal test
5.3.9.1.   After the soak, a first measurement of Diurnal Losses over 24 hours is performed according to paragraph 5.7 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. Emissions are calculated according to paragraph 6 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The obtained value is recorded as MD1.
5.3.9.2.   After the first 24 hours diurnal test, a second measurement of Diurnal Losses over 24 hours is performed according to paragraph 5.7 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. Emissions are calculated according to paragraph 6 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 83. The obtained value is recorded as MD2.
5.3.10.   Calculation
The result of MHS + MD1 + MD2 + 2PF shall be below the limit defined in Table 3 of Annex 1 to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007.
5.3.11   The manufacturer shall provide to the Type-Approval Authorities a test report containing at least the following elements:






(a)


description of the soak periods, including time and mean temperatures










(b)


description to aged canister used and reference to exact ageing report










(c)


mean temperature during the hot soak test










(d)


measurement during hot soak test, HSL










(e)


measurement of first diurnal, DL1st day











(f)


measurement of second diurnal, DL2nd day











(g)


final evaporative test result, calculated as “MHS + MD1 + MD2 + 2PF”






            ’
         


(1)  

Grms: The root mean square (rms) value of the vibration signal is calculated by squaring the magnitude of the signal at every point, finding the average (mean) value of the squared magnitude, then taking the square root of the average value. The resulting number is the Grms metric.