Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 : summary of data reported by companies on the production, import and export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union.
Date: 2016-12-13
Institutions: European Environment Agency
Subjects: EU environmental policy, European Union, adaptation to climate change, air quality, data processing, environmental protection, greenhouse gas, reduction of gas emissions, research report

EEA Report  No 33/2016

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015

Summary of data reported by companies on the production, import  
and export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union

ISSN 1977-8449

EEA Report  No 33/2016

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015

Summary of data reported by companies on the production, import  
and export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union

Cover design: EEA
Cover photos: 
Large photo: © Filip Bramorski/Flickr
Small photo: © James Hardy/PhotoAlto
Layout: EEA/Henriette Nilsson

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behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. 

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© European Environment Agency, 2016
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016

ISBN 978-92-9213-837-0
ISSN 1977-8449
doi:10.2800/079713

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Contents

Contents

Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 4

Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 5

1 

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 12

1.1  Background ............................................................................................................................ 12

1.2  Report structure .................................................................................................................... 13

1.3 

Institutional arrangements  .................................................................................................13

1.4  Reporting procedure .............................................................................................................14

1.5  Terminology ........................................................................................................................... 15

1.6  Confidentiality  .......................................................................................................................16

1.7  Data covered in this report ..................................................................................................16

2  Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction ............................................ 17

2.1  Production of F-gases ...........................................................................................................17

2.2 

Imports of F-gases .................................................................................................................17

2.3  Exports of F-gases .................................................................................................................20

2.4  Reclamation, feedstock use and destruction of F-gases ..................................................21

3  Supply of F-gases ................................................................................................................. 23

3.1  Bulk supply ............................................................................................................................. 23

3.2  Supply in products and equipment ....................................................................................25

3.3  Total supply  ........................................................................................................................... 26

3.4  Delivery as single gases and mixtures ................................................................................31

Abbreviations  ........................................................................................................................... 32

References ................................................................................................................................. 33

Annex 1  Fluorinated gases of Annex I of Regulation 517/2014 and their GWPs .............. 34

Annex 2  Other fluorinated gases of Annex II of Regulation 517/2014 and their GWPs... 35

Annex 3  Non-fluorinated gases of Annex IV of Regulation 517/2014 and their GWPs .... 37

Annex 4  Data tables ................................................................................................................ 38

Annex 5  Measures to protect confidential data .................................................................. 49

Annex 6  Calculation methods ................................................................................................ 51

Annex 7  BDR F-gas reporting form ........................................................................................ 53

3

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This report was prepared for the European Environment 
Agency (EEA) by its European Topic Centre on Air 
Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM). The 
authors were Graham Anderson, Benjamin Greiner and 
Wolfram Jörß (ETC/ACM partner Öko-Institut).

The EEA report coordinator was Peder Gabrielsen 
and the ETC/ACM task manager was Wolfram Jörß. 
Eva Goossens (EEA) and the European Commission 
Directorate-General for Climate Action are thanked for 
their support in finalising the report.

4

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

Executive summary

Background and policy

International policy

adopted by the EU under the new F-Gas Regulation, 
which implements an EU-wide HFC phase-down, as well 
as measures taken by other industrialised countries.

The greenhouse gases addressed by the United 
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 
(UNFCCC) include several groups of fluorinated gases, 
the so-called F-gases. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 
and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are covered by the Kyoto 
Protocol and are also included in the European Union's 
commitment under the Paris Agreement. The majority 
of these F-gases have very high global warming 
potentials (GWPs).

The EU has a target under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce 
emissions of its whole basket of greenhouse gases 
— including F-gases — by 20 % by 2020 compared 
with 1990 levels. Furthermore, the EU-28 and Iceland 
have a joint target under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce 
greenhouse gas emissions (2) by 20 % compared with 
1990 during the Protocol's second commitment period, 
2013–2020. Under the Paris Agreement, the EU is 
committed to a 40 % reduction in domestic emissions 
by 2030, compared with 1990.

As a result of the phase-out of ozone-depleting 
substances (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol and 
Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 (1) on ozone-depleting 
substances, certain F-gases came into use for the 
replacement of ODS. The use of F-gases in many 
different applications has been increasing and has 
considerable potential for growth. F-gases accounted 
for approximately 3 % of overall greenhouse gas 
emissions expressed in GWP in the 28 Member States 
of the European Union (EU) in 2014 (EEA, 2016b), and 
this proportion continues to increase.

In October 2016 in Kigali, the Montreal Protocol 
was amended to regulate HFCs. Both developed 
and developing countries have taken on mandatory 
commitments on reducing production and 
consumption of HFCs in the next three decades. 
Developing countries are supported through the 
Multilateral Fund. Reporting on emissions of HFCs 
remains within the remit of the UNFCCC. This global 
development reflects the strong policy mechanisms 

EU F-gas policy

Following a review of the 2006 F-Gas Regulation (3), a 
revision was adopted by the European Parliament and 
the European Council, Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 (4), 
the 'new F-Gas Regulation', which aims to reduce F-gas 
emissions by two thirds of the 2010 level by 2030. 
The new regulation maintains many of the previous 
measures, in particular related to leak prevention, 
recovery, certification of technicians and selected 
restrictions on the use and marketing of F-gases.

Large reductions in F-gas use and emissions are 
expected to result from a new phase-down measure, 
which will progressively cap sales of HFCs allowed 
on the EU market, bringing maximum sales down to 
21 % of baseline levels by 2030. Reductions are also 
expected to result from bans on the use of F-gases that 
have high GWPs. Box ES.1 summarises the changes to 
the reporting obligations.

(1)  Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer 

(EU, 2009).

(2)  The joint EU-28 and Iceland target for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol also covers emissions of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), 

another fluorinated gas covered by this report.

(3)  Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases (EU, 2006).
(4)  Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing 

Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 (EU, 2014b).

5

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

Box ES.1   Changes to reporting obligations under the new F-Gas Regulation

The 'new' F-Gas Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 introduces requirements additional to those set out in the 2006 F-Gas 
Regulation. The annual reporting obligations for producers, importers and exporters have changed. The list of F-gases 
subject to the reporting obligations has been extended, and there are revised reporting thresholds that are defined both 
in terms of physical quantities (metric tonnes) of gases and by their carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq.). There are new 
reporting obligations for feedstock users, equipment importers and destruction companies. Producers also need to report 
on any destruction of their own production.

Data covered in this report

This report is based on submissions for 2015 as 
received by 2 June 2016. With the legal reporting 
deadline being 31 March 2016, this approach allowed 
for the inclusion of data from some companies that 
delivered late as well as for resubmissions of corrected 
data.

The new regulation requires, among other things, that 
companies report on produced, imported and exported 
quantities of F-gases, including mixtures. Reporting 
obligations are also established for companies that:

2015 confidential European Environment Agency (EEA) 
report on fluorinated greenhouse gases (EEA, 2015). 
Data for 2007–2013 had been reported under the old 
F-Gas Regulation. Reporting under the new regulation 
covers the years from 2014 onwards.

This report applies confidentiality rules to protect data 
reported by specific companies. Where applicable, the 
confidentiality measures mean that some F-gas data 
are only shown at higher levels of aggregation. An 
account of the confidentiality measures is included in 
Annex 5.

•  use F-gases as a feedstock for a chemical reaction 

Reporting process

process;

•  destroy F-gases; or

• 

import products or equipment containing F-gases.

The specification of fluorinated gases in the new F-Gas 
Regulation extends the list of gases beyond the HFCs, 
PFCs and SF6 covered by the old F-Gas Regulation to 
include:

•  unsaturated hydro(chloro)fluorocarbons;

• 

fluorinated ethers and alcohols; 

•  other perfluorinated compounds.

By the end of May 2016, 763 companies had reported 
on their F-gas activity during 2015. This is an increase 
of 295 new reporters over the previous year. A further 
333 companies reported no activity during 2015 
('nil report').

For the reporting years 2007–2014 (5), this report relies 
on data reported in previous years as presented in the 

Registration for reporting is centralised in the 
European Commission's F-gas portal at https://
webgate.ec.europa.eu/ods2, which hosts the HFC 
registry provided for under Article 17 of the new F-Gas 
Regulation. The F-gas portal also links directly to the 
EEA's reporting platform.

This reporting platform ensures that the reporting 
process maintains traceability and transparency for all 
relevant stakeholders while protecting the confidentiality 
and commercial sensitivity of company data. The system 
includes automated quality checks and facilitates data 
processing after companies have submitted their 
reports. The completeness and consistency of the 
reported data are further assured by manual data 
quality checks, followed by bilateral communication with 
the reporting companies where necessary.

While the legal obligation to report is to the European 
Commission, following Article 19 of the F-gas 
Regulation, the EEA has been tasked with collecting, 
archiving, checking and aggregating information from 
the companies' reports. The EEA also provides active 
support to assist reporters in fulfilling their obligations.

(5) 

'Reporting  year'  means  the  calendar  year  on  which  companies  report.  For  example,  in  2016  companies  reported  on  their  activities  in  the 
reporting year 2015.

6

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

Key findings

The assessment of trends is dependent upon the unit 
used to express the amounts of F-gases, i.e. physical 
tonnes or GWP-weighted tonnes (i.e. as CO2-equivalent, 
or CO2-eq.) (6). Statistics in physical tonnes reflect the 
use patterns of F-gases in European industries, while 
statistics expressed as CO2-eq. are relevant for climate 
change policy.

The overall trends that can be identified from 
companies reporting on F-gases in 2015 can be 
summarised as follows:

(by weight and as CO2-eq.). Compared with 2013, 
bulk imports in 2015 increased by about 8 %.

•  Exports have decreased by 2 % (tonnes) or 1 % 

(CO2-eq.) since 2014. Compared with 2013, exports 
in 2015 increased by 18 % (tonnes) and 23 % 
(CO2-eq.).

•  Supply has decreased by about 24 % (by weight and 
as CO2-eq.) since 2014. Compared with 2013, bulk 
supply (7) increased by 9 % by weight but decreased 
by 3 % as CO2-eq. in 2015.

•  Production of F-gas continued to decline, with 2015 

levels 5 % (as CO2-eq.) below those reported for 2014.

• 

Imports decreased by about 40 % compared with 
the exceptionally high amounts reported for 2014 

The analysis of trends in production, imports, exports 
and supply from 2007 to 2015 (Figure ES.1 in tonnes, 
Figure ES.2 in CO2-eq.) is based on comparable 
reporting that took place under the old F-Gas 
Regulation and continues under the new regulation. 
Data presented for import and supply between 2007 

Figure ES.1 

Production, import, export and supply of F-gases (tonnes)

Tonnes 

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

Production

Import

Export

Supply

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs and alcohols, and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) and HFCs, PFCs and SF6 in 
products and equipment were not subject to reporting for the 2007–2013 period. Data presented for import and supply between 2007 
and 2013 are thus limited to bulk import and bulk supply. Export is limited to bulk export for the whole time series.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

(6)  The GWP values used in this report are those published in the IPCC's Fourth assessment report (AR4) (IPCC, 2007).
(7)  Bulk supply excludes imports in products and equipment, which has only been reported since 2014.

7

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

Figure ES.2 

Production, import, export and supply of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Million tonnes of CO2-eq.

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Production

Import

Export

Supply

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs and alcohols, and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) and HFCs, PFCs and SF6 in 
products and equipment were not subject to reporting for the 2007–2013 period. Data presented for import and supply between 2007 
and 2013 are thus limited to bulk import and bulk supply. Export is limited to bulk export for the whole time series.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

and 2013 are thus limited to bulk import and bulk 
supply. Export is limited to bulk export for the whole 
time series.

•  HFCs account for more than 90 % of production 
by weight, while SF6 accounts for a considerable 
proportion when measured as CO2-eq. Most SF6 
production is designated for export.

EU production of F-gases in 2015

•  Production of F-gases involved 10 gases: five HFCs 
(HFC-23, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-227ea and 
HFC-365mfc), three PFCs, SF6 and unsaturated 
HFC-1234yf. 

•  Production of F-gases has seen an overall decline 
since 2010; however, in 2015 physical production 
increased by 1 kt or 4 % compared with 2014. When 
measured as CO2-eq., production nevertheless 
continued to decline: 2015 production was 
6 Mt CO2-eq. or 5 % below the amounts reported 
for 2014.

Imports in 2015

•  Total imports of F-gases (bulk imports plus imports 
within products and equipment) were considerably 
lower than in 2014.

•  Bulk imports of F-gases were 40 % below the 

exceptionally high amounts reported for 2014, both 
by mass and as CO2-eq. Compared with 2013, bulk 
imports in 2015 were about 8 % higher.

•  Excluding 2014, bulk imports in 2015 were the 

highest since reporting started in 2007. 

•  A 75 % decrease in the production of HFC-143a 

(GWP: 4 470) led to a 14 % decrease in the average 
GWP of HFCs produced.

•  HFCs accounted for about 94 % of total bulk imports 
(89 % in CO2-eq.). About 6 % (both by weight and 
as CO2-eq.) of the increase can be attributed to SF6, 
PFCs and the new reportable gases.

8

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

• 

Imports of F-gases within products and equipment 
rose by 24 % by weight or 17 % as CO2-eq. 
compared with 2014. This increase is due to the 
reported imports of companies that reported for 
the first time in 2015. The number of companies 
reporting on equipment imports more than doubled 
from 199 in 2014 to 412 in 2015.

Exports to non-EU countries in 2015

Supply in 2015

•  The total supply of F-gases comprises both the 

supply in bulk and the supply of gases contained 
in imported products and equipment, and is 
corrected for bulk exports of gases. 

•  HFCs dominate total supply, making up 95 % by 
mass or 85 % as CO2-eq. SF6 played a role only in 
terms of CO2-eq.

•  Data on exports were limited to bulk exports. 

•  After the exceptionally high figures in 2014, bulk 

Exports in products or equipment are not subject 
to reporting, although HFCs exported in products 
and equipment can be reported voluntarily by 
manufacturers.

•  Bulk exports of F-gases declined by 2 % (tonnes) or 
1 % (CO2-eq.) compared with 2014. Before that, bulk 
exports had seen an increase for five consecutive 
years. For 2014, there was an increase of 22 % 
measured in tonnes, or 24 % in CO2-eq., compared 
with 2013; however, 2015 exports were still 
above the 2007–2013 time series level. Compared 
with 2013, HFC exports in 2015 increased by 
approximately 20 % and SF6 exports by 30 %. 

•  HFCs make up 90 % of bulk F-gas exports when 
measured in tonnes. If measured in CO2-eq., SF6 
accounts for a considerable proportion of exports in 
the whole time series since 2007. 

•  Measured as CO2-eq., bulk HFC exports in 2014 and 

2015 were at their highest level since 2007.

supply for 2015 was back to 2010 levels in tonnes 
or 2013 levels as CO2-eq.

•  The decrease in supply reflects a return to the 

long-term trend after the large increases in bulk 
HFC imports in 2014, the last year before the 
commencement of the HFC phase-down.

•  By weight, 93 % (94 % as CO2-eq.) of 2015 total 

supplies were supplied in bulk; the balance of 7 % 
(by mass) or 6 % (as CO2-eq.) was supplied within 
products and equipment.

•  HFCs accounted for 95 % of 2014 total supply by 
mass or 85 % as CO2-eq. (Figures ES.3 and ES.4).

•  Supply was reported for 29 out of the 70 reportable 
F-gases: 13 HFCs, seven PFCs, SF6, four unsaturated 
HFCs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), three 
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and alcohols, and also 
NF3.

Figure ES.3   Total supply of F-gases, 2015 (tonnes)

Figure ES.4   Total supply of F-gases, 2015 (CO2-eq.)

HFCs (bulk)
88 %

HFCs (bulk)
79 %

HFCs 
(equipment)
7 %

PFCs, SF6 and 
Annex II gases 
(bulk and equipment)
5 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

HFCs 
(equipment)
6 %

PFCs, SF6 and 
Annex II gases 
(bulk and equipment)
15 %

9

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

Intended applications in 2015

Trends in intended applications 

Intended applications for F-gases are shown in 
Figures ES.5 and ES.6.

Most trends are similar whether measured in tonnes or 
in CO2-eq.

•  Approximately 75 % (both in tonnes and CO2-eq.) 
of F-gases supplied to the market in 2015 were 
intended for use as refrigerants for refrigeration, 
air conditioning and heating purposes. These were 
almost exclusively HFCs.

•  Of 2015 total supply, 10 % (by mass) was intended 
for use in foams; 96 % of this was HFCs. Measured 
in CO2-eq., the proportion of F-gases intended for 
use in foams was only 3 %.

•  Aerosols (both medical and non-medical) were the 
intended application of 10 % (tonnes) of 2014 total 
supply, 6 % as CO2-eq. The gases used for aerosols 
were almost entirely HFCs.

•  SF6 intended for electrical equipment (switchgear) 
contributed only a small fraction when measured 
in tonnes but a considerable portion of supply as 
CO2-eq.

•  Changes in HFC supply since 2013 can be almost 

entirely attributed to the refrigeration, air conditioning 
and heating sector. Compared with 2014, which had 
an exceptionally high supply of refrigerants, volumes 
decreased by 21 % (27 % in CO2-eq.). Compared with 
2013, however, the amounts in tonnes increased by 
16 % while amounts measured as CO2-eq. increased by 
3 %. This may indicate a trend to refrigerants of lower 
GWPs.

•  Reported supply intended for foams approximately 

tripled in 2014 compared with 2013. The level reported 
for 2015 was 17 % higher than that for 2013.

•  Aerosol use was approximately 5 % above that 

reported in 2014. However, amounts intended for 
aerosol use do not show a consistent trend.

•  SF6 use in electrical equipment maintained the low level 
of increase seen in 2014, with only a slight increase in 
2015.

Figure ES.5   Total supply by intended applications 

Figure ES.6   Total supply by intended applications  

(tonnes)

Refrigeration, 
air conditioning 
and heating 
and other heat 
transfer ﬂuids
77 %

(CO2-eq.)

Refrigeration, 
air conditioning 
and heating 
and other heat 
transfer ﬂuids
74 %

Foams, incl. 
pre-blended
polyols
10 %

Aerosols
9 %

Fire protection
1 %

Semiconductor, 
photovoltaics, 
electrics 
and other 
3 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Foams, incl. 
pre-blended
polyols
3 %

Aerosols
6 %

Fire protection
2 %

Semiconductor, 
photovoltaics, 
electrics 
and other 
15 %

10

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Executive summary

Trends in reclamation, feedstock use and destruction of 
F-gases, 2007–2015

less than 1 % by mass or between 1.5 % and 4.5 % 
as CO2-eq.

•  Reclamation of F-gases has been at low levels, 
overall making up less than 1 % of bulk supply.

•  Gases used as feedstock are not included in the 

bulk supply/total supply metrics, and the trend in 
feedstock use is irregular (both by mass and as 
CO2-eq.). If 2007–2015 levels of feedstock use were 
compared with bulk supply, they would represent 

•  Destruction of F-gases has been increasing 

consistently since 2008, with the exception of very 
low numbers reported for 2013. While destroyed 
gases are not accounted for in the bulk supply/total 
supply metrics, if compared with bulk supply, the 
2015 level of destruction would be 1.5 % of bulk 
supply by mass or 5 % as CO2-eq.

11

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Introduction

1 

Introduction

1.1  Background

International policy framework

The greenhouse gases addressed by the United 
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 
(UNFCCC) include several groups of fluorinated gases, 
the so-called F-gases. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 
and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are covered by the Kyoto 
Protocol and are also included in the European Union's 
commitment under the Paris Agreement. The majority 
of these F-gases have very high global warming 
potentials (GWPs).

As a result of the phase-out of ozone-depleting 
substances (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol and 
Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 (8) on ozone-depleting 
substances, certain F-gases came into use for the 
replacement of ODS. The use of F-gases in many 
different applications has been increasing and has 
considerable potential for growth. F-gases accounted 
for approximately 3 % of overall greenhouse gas 
emissions expressed in GWP in the 28 Member States 
of the European Union (EU) in 2014 (EEA, 2016b), and 
this proportion continues to increase.

In October 2016 in Kigali, the Montreal Protocol 
was amended to regulate HFCs. Both developed 
and developing countries have taken on mandatory 
commitments on reducing production and 
consumption of HFCs in the next three decades. 
Developing countries are supported through the 
Multilateral Fund. Reporting on emissions of HFCs 
remains within the remit of the UNFCCC. This global 
development reflects the strong policy mechanisms 
adopted by the EU under the new F-Gas Regulation, 
which implements an EU-wide HFC phase-down, as well 
as measures taken by other industrialised countries.

The EU has a target under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce 
emissions of its whole basket of greenhouse gases 
— including F-gases — by 20 % by 2020 compared 
with 1990 levels. Furthermore, the EU-28 and Iceland 
have a joint target under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce 
greenhouse gas emissions (9) by 20 % compared with 
1990 levels during the Protocol's second commitment 
period, 2013–2020. Under the Paris Agreement, the EU 
is committed to a 40 % reduction in domestic emissions 
by 2030, compared with 1990.

Fluorinated gases legal framework

Old F-Gas Regulation

Regulation (EU) 842/2006, the 'old F-Gas Regulation', 
employed two tracks of action from 2007:

• 

Improving the leak-tightness of equipment 
containing F-gases. Measures comprised labelling 
of equipment containing F-gases, training and 
certification of personnel and companies handling 
these gases, containment of F-gases within 
equipment, and proper recovery of F-gases from 
equipment that is no longer used.

•  Avoiding the use of F-gases in some applications in 
which more environmentally superior alternatives 
are already cost-effective. Measures included 
restrictions on the use and marketing of F-gases in 
these cases.

New F-Gas Regulation

Following a review of the old F-Gas Regulation, a revision 
was adopted by the European Parliament and the 
European Council (i.e. Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 (10), 

(8)  Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer 

(EU, 2009).

(9)  The joint EU-28 and Iceland target for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol also covers emissions of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), 

another fluorinated gas covered by this report.

(10)  Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing 

Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 (EU, 2014b).

12

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Introduction

the 'new F-Gas Regulation'), which aims to reduce F-gas 
emissions by two thirds of the 2010 level by 2030. 
The new regulation maintains many of the previous 
measures, in particular related to leak prevention, 
recovery, certification of technicians and selected 
restrictions on the use and marketing of F-gases.

Large reductions in F-gas use and emissions are 
expected to result from a new phase-down measure, 
which will progressively cap sales of HFCs allowed 
on the market, bringing maximum sales down to of 
21 % of baseline levels by 2030. Reductions are also 
expected to result from bans on the use of F-gases that 
have high GWPs.

This report summarises the data reported by 
companies in accordance with Article 19 of the new 
F-Gas Regulation. The new regulation continues to 
require companies to report on produced, imported 
and exported quantities of F-gases, including mixtures. 
Additional reporting obligations were established under 
Article 19 for companies that:

•  use F-gases as a feedstock for a chemical reaction 

process;

•  destroy F-gases; or

• 

import products or equipment containing F-gases.

Furthermore, under the new regulation, the list of 
reportable fluorinated gases was extended beyond 
HFCs, PFCs and SF6 (as listed in Annex I of the new 
F-Gas Regulation) to include:

•  unsaturated hydro(chloro)fluorocarbons (section 1 

of Annex II of the new F-Gas Regulation);

• 

fluorinated ethers and alcohols (section 2 of 
Annex II);

•  other perfluorinated compounds (section 3 of 

Annex II).

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
No 1191/2014 (11) establishes the format in which the 
reports are to be submitted.

1.2  Report structure

This introduction has given a brief summary of the 
policy framework, and Sections 1.3 to 1.4 go on to 
outline the institutional arrangements, reporting 
procedures, quality control and reporting companies. 
Sections 1.5 to 1.7 explain the terminology and data 
covered.

Chapter 2 provides an analysis of F-gas production, 
import, export, reclamation, feedstock use and 
destruction. In Chapter 3, reported data are analysed 
to calculate the supply to the market and its intended 
applications. The calculation methodologies used in 
this report are described in Annex 6. Tables containing 
reported and calculated data on a detailed level are 
contained in Annex 4.

1.3 

Institutional arrangements 

In 2016, companies reported for the reporting year 
2015, which was the second reporting year under the 
new F-Gas Regulation. The reporting process under 
the new F-Gas Regulation was similar to that of the 
previous 7 years, during which reporting took place 
according to the old F-Gas Regulation. Since 2012, the 
European Commission has given the responsibility 
for collecting, archiving, checking and aggregating 
information from each companies' reports to the 
European Environment Agency (EEA). The EEA is also 
responsible for supporting the reporters in fulfilling 
their obligation. To that end, technical support to 
the F-gas reporting process is provided by the EEA's 
European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate 
Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) (12). Until 2011, collection, 
quality control, analysis and support had been 
performed by consultants in the context of service 
contracts with the European Commission.

As of 2015, registration of companies for reporting 
is carried out in the European Commission's F-gas 
portal (13) which also hosts the HFC registry provided 
for under Article 17 of the 'new' F-Gas Regulation. 
The F-gas portal links directly to the Business Data 
Repository (BDR).

(11)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1191/2014 of 30 October 2014 determining the format and means for submitting the report 
referred to in Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on fluorinated greenhouse gases 
(EU, 2014a).

(12)  http://acm.eionet.europa.eu.
(13)  https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ods2.

13

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Introduction

1.4  Reporting procedure

Reporting format and quality control 

The format for reporting by companies in accordance 
with Article 19 of the new F-Gas Regulation is laid 
down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
1191/2014.

Company registration for reporting and the reporting 
process are two separate procedures. Registration for 
reporting is centralised in the European Commission's 
F-gas portal at https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ods2. 
This provides 'one-stop-shop' access for both the HFC 
Registry (for quota purposes) and for reporting under 
Article 19.

From their account in the F-gas portal, companies 
have a direct link to the BDR at https://bdr.eionet.
europa.eu. This reporting platform ensures that 

the reporting process maintains traceability and 
transparency for all stakeholders. The system 
includes automated quality checks and facilitates 
the data processing after companies' submissions. 
The completeness and consistency of the reported 
data is further assured by manual data quality 
checks, followed by bilateral communication with the 
reporting companies where necessary.

Reporting companies in 2016

By 2 June 2016, 763 companies had reported on their 
F-gas activity during 2015. Four of these reports had 
such severe quality problems that their data are not 
included in the aggregation report on 2015. This is an 
increase of 295 new reporters over the previous year. 
A further 333 companies reported no activity during 
2015 ('nil report').

Figure 1.1 

Reporting companies by Member State for the 2015 reporting year

Reporting companies 

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

United Kingdom 
Italy 
Germany 

Spain 

France 

Poland 
Belgium 

Portugal 
Czech Republic 
Netherlands 
Sweden 
Greece 
Hungary 

Bulgaria 
Romania 
Denmark 

Cyprus 

Estonia 

Finland 

Austria 

Croatia 

Ireland 
Lithuania 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 
Malta 

Non-EU 
Latvia 

EU

Non -EU

Note:  

Non-EU countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Switzerland, Turkey, United States of America. 

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

14

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Introduction

In line with previous years, a few large Member States 
have most of the reporting companies, but there was 
increased reporting activity in smaller eastern Member 
States. Luxembourg remains the only Member State 
without a reporting company. The number of reporting 
companies outside the EU, most of whom are located 
in China, more than doubled from 19 to 39. Figure 1.1 
shows the number of reporting companies per Member 
State. 

More detail on the distribution of reporting companies 
by Member State and activity (i.e. producers, importers, 
exporters, feedstock users, destruction companies, and 
equipment importers) and on the development over 
time of numbers of reporting companies is provided in 
Tables A4.1, A4.2 and A4.3 in Annex 4. 

Perfluorocarbons

PFCs are relatively short aliphatic organic compounds 
that contain fluorine and carbon only. They are most 
commonly used in semiconductor manufacture. Seven 
PFCs and their GWPs are listed in Annex 1. All PFCs 
in Annex 1 were previously covered by the old F-Gas 
Regulation.

Sulphur hexafluoride

SF6 is an inorganic compound; as an excellent electrical 
insulator, its main use is in the electrical industry. SF6 is 
a potent greenhouse gas; its GWP is listed in Annex 1. 
SF6 was also covered by the old F-Gas Regulation.

1.5  Terminology

Annex II F-gases

Fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases)

F-gases covered by this report can be grouped into:

'Other fluorinated greenhouse gases' are listed in 
Annex II of the new F-Gas Regulation and include:

•  unsaturated hydro(chloro)fluorocarbons (section 1 

•  gases contained in Annex I of the new F-Gas 

of Annex II);

Regulation, as listed in Annex 1 of this report; 

•  gases contained in Annex II of the new F-Gas 
Regulation, as listed in Annex 2 of this report.

• 

fluorinated ethers and alcohols (section 2 of 
Annex II); 

•  other perfluorinated compounds (section 3 of 

Jointly, those gases are referred to in this report as 
'fluorinated gases' or 'F-gases'. 

Annex II).

The list of reportable fluorinated gases under the old 
F-Gas Regulation was restricted to HFCs, PFCs and SF6. 
These are listed in Annex 1.

All these gases and their GWPs are listed in Annex 2 
of this report. The Annex II gases were not subject 
to the reporting obligations under the old F-Gas 
Regulation 842/2006.

Annex I F-gases

Bulk gases and gases contained in equipment

F-gases under Annex I of the new F-gas Regulation 
include HFCs, PFCs and SF6. The majority of these gases 
have high GWPs.

The gases in Annex I of the new F-Gas Regulation are 
given in Annex 1 to this report.

Gases contained in gas containers, including bottles 
and isotanks, are referred to as bulk gases, irrespective 
of the absolute amounts of gases handled. Bulk 
gases are to be differentiated from gases contained 
in products or equipment, as different reporting 
obligations apply.

Hydrofluorocarbons

Mixtures 

HFCs are relatively short aliphatic organic 
compounds that contain fluorine, carbon and 
hydrogen. They are most commonly used as 
refrigerants. Nineteen HFCs and their GWPs are listed 
in Annex 1. All HFCs in Annex 1 except HFC152 and 
HFC161 were previously covered by the old F-Gas 
Regulation 842/2006.

Mixtures of F-gases are often used in industrial 
applications. Annex IV of the new F-Gas Regulation lists 
some non-F-gases that have GWPs that also need to be 
considered when determining the GWP of a mixture. 
These are listed in Annex 3. In their reports under 
Article 19 of the new F-Gas Regulation, companies 
report on their transactions (import, export, etc.) of such 

15

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Introduction

mixtures while specifying the mixture's composition. The 
GWPs of mixtures are calculated according to the GWP 
of the proportion of their constituent gases (listed in 
Annexes 1, 2 and 3); for all other substances, the default 
value of zero is used.

Nil report

A nil report is a notification by a company that it 
considers itself not obliged to report under the F-Gas 
Regulation.

Global warming potentials 

GWPs are used to make different gases comparable in 
terms of their potential impact on climate change. The 
multiplication of a quantity of a gas by its GWP results in 
that quantity expressed as CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.).

The GWPs used under the new F-Gas Regulation are in 
line with those published in the Intergovernmental Panel 
on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report 
(AR4) (IPCC, 2007). The old F-Gas Regulation 842/2006 
used the earlier set of GWPs published by the IPCC in its 
Third Assessment Report (TAR) (IPCC, 2001). Accordingly, 
previous EEA technical reports on fluorinated gases up 
to 2014 used TAR GWPs.

Quantities of F-gases are reported in physical tonnes. 
Conversion of the figures into CO2-eq. based on 
gas-specific GWPs facilitates a focus on the potential 
warming effect caused by these gases after release to 
the atmosphere. Both metrics are used in this report 
when analysing the data. 

The GWPs of gases are listed in Annexes 1, 2 and 3. 

1.6  Confidentiality 

The new F-Gas regulation maintains the confidentiality 
provisions of the earlier F-Gas Regulation 842/2006, 
and the EEA continues to take appropriate measures 
to protect confidentiality and prevent publication of 
commercially sensitive information. These measures 
include public reporting of F-gases data only at higher 
levels of aggregation, to protect data that are the result 
of reports from fewer than three corporate groups, 
and additional steps to prevent deduction of sensitive 
information. It is for confidentiality reasons that some 
of the statements about fluorinated gas activity in 
this report are of a general nature and do not refer 
to figures or percentages. A detailed account of the 
confidentiality measures applied to the data published 
in this report is included in Annex 5.

1.7  Data covered in this report

The report is based on submissions for the reporting 
year (14) 2015 as received by 2 June 2016 (end of 
business). With 31 March 2016 as the legal reporting 
deadline, this approach allowed for the inclusion of 
data from companies delivering late as well as for 
resubmissions of corrected data. 

For the reporting years 2007–2014, this report relies 
on data reported by companies in previous years as 
presented in the 2015 EEA report on F-gases (15). Data 
for 2007–2013 had been reported under the old F-Gas 
Regulation. Reporting under the new regulation covers 
the years from 2014 onwards.

(14)  'Reporting year' means the calendar year on which companies report. For example, in 2015 companies reported on their activities in the 

reporting year 2014.

(15)  Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2014 — Data reported by companies on the production, import and export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the 

European Union (EEA, 2015).

16

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction

2  Production, import, export, reclamation 

and destruction

2.1  Production of F-gases

Production of F-gases in Europe has seen an ongoing 
decline since 2010 (Figure 2.1). The dip for F-gases 
in 2009, which is also visible in the respective graphs 
for imports (Figure 2.2) and exports (Figure 2.6), 
corresponds to the global financial downturn at that 
time. In 2015, however, production increased by 
1 kt or 4 % compared with 2014. In terms of CO2-eq., 
production nevertheless continued to decline: 2015 
production was 6 Mt CO2-eq. or 5 % below the amounts 
reported for 2014. 

Production of F-gases is dominated by HFCs, which 
account for more than 90 % of the total. For 2015, 
production was reported for 10 gases: 5 HFCs, 3 PFCs, 
SF6 and one unsaturated HFC. HFC-134a is the main 
gas and HFC-365mfc was also produced in significant 
amounts, while the proportion of PFC production 
was relatively small. SF6 accounts for a considerable 
proportion of production when reported as CO2-eq.

Figure 2.1 

Production of F-gases

Tonnes 

70 000 

60 000 

50 000 

40 000 

30 000 

20 000 

10 000 

0 

Mt CO2-eq.
200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq.

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Reporting on the production of Annex II gases 
(see Annex 2) has been required since 2014. For 2015, 
such production was reported for the first time, albeit 
in very small amounts.

The trends visible in total production, for both the 
increase in physical tonnes and the decrease in 
CO2-eq., reflect changes in the mix of HFC production. 
In particular, a 75 % decrease in the production of 
HFC-143a (GWP: 4 470) led to a 14 % decrease in the 
average GWP of HFCs produced. Following the closure 
of production facilities of HFC-125 in 2013, production 
of HFC-32 ceased in 2014. Measured as CO2-eq., HFC 
production was at its lowest level since reporting began 
in 2007. 

For confidentiality reasons, the data on production 
shown in Tables A4.4 and A4.5 in Annex 4 can only 
include totals for HFCs and all F-gases.

2.2 

Imports of F-gases

Imports of F-gases can be differentiated into bulk 
imports, i.e. gases imported in gas containers, and 
imports of gases contained in products and equipment.

Bulk import

Bulk import of F-gases declined from 2010 to 2012 
and has been increasing since then (Figure 2.2). The 
earlier dip in 2009 was induced by the global financial 
downturn at that time. Bulk imports of F-gases were 
40 % below the exceptionally high amounts reported 
for 2014, both by mass and as CO2-eq. Except for 2014, 
bulk imports in 2015 were the highest since reporting 
started in 2007.

The 2014 bulk imports were extraordinarily high. 
As noted in last year's report (EEA, 2015), this is 
likely to have been a one-off episode before the HFC 
phase-down entered into force in 2015.

Companies had an incentive to import HFCs and 
stockpile them for use or later sales in 2015 and 
beyond. Quota restrictions were not yet applicable 

17

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction

Figure 2.2 

Bulk imports of F-gases

Tonnes 

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

Mt CO2-eq.
300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq.

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

because these imports would be considered to have 
been placed on the market in 2014. Moreover, because 
new entrants to the market receive only small quotas, 
2014 presented an opportunity for companies that 
had not previously reported to maximise their imports 
of HFCs before the quota system entered into force. 
Furthermore, a number of companies that had not 
previously reported may have been alerted to both the 
existing and new reporting obligations through the HFC 
phase-down and quota system.

In 2015, bulk imports returned to the range of the 
2007–2013 time series, albeit 15 % above 2013 levels 
(in CO2-eq.: 12 %). Considering that Annex II F-gases 
were not subject to reporting until 2014, the increase 
in the bulk import of Annex I F-gases (HFCs, PFCs and 
SF6) in 2015 compared with 2013 was only 9 % (8 % in 
CO2-eq.).

For 2015, imports were reported for 25 gases: 12 HFCs, 
four PFCs, SF6, four unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs, three 
HFEs and NF3.

Bulk import of F-gases is dominated by HFCs, which in 
2015 accounted for 94 % of total bulk imports (89 % 
in CO2-eq.). The trends visible in bulk imports are 
largely determined by the respective trends in HFC 
imports, which by weight were 9 % above 2013 and 
42 % (in CO2-eq.: 43 %) below 2014. HFC-134a and 
HFC-125 continued to be the HFCs imported in largest 
quantities, followed by HFC-32 and HFC-143a. In 
terms of CO2-eq., the bulk imports of HFC-125 (39 %), 
HFC-134a (32 %) and HFC-143a (20 %) were most 
relevant. The bulk import of unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs 
increased by more than 70 % compared with 2014 and 
consisted mainly of HFC-1234yf. PFC imports showed 
a year-on-year increase of more than 10 % and the 
highest quantity since reporting started in 2007. In 
contrast, SF6 imports decreased by 6 % and NF3 by 
9 %. 2015 bulk imports of SF6 were slightly above 2012 
imports, which were the lowest in the time series. For 
confidentiality reasons, data on bulk imports can only 
be shown at a high level of aggregation in Tables A4.6 
and A4.7 in Annex 4.

Imports in products and equipment

Imports of F-gases within products and equipment (16) 
has risen by 24 % in tonnes of gases or by 17 % in 
CO2-eq. since 2014 (17) (Figure 2.3). 

Figure 2.3 

Imports of F-gases within products 
and equipment

Tonnes 

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

2014

2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq. 

Sources:   EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Mt CO2-eq.
16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

(16)  Under the 'new' F-Gas Regulation 517/2014, importers of products or equipment containing Fgases are required to report on quantities 

imported and placed on the market. Products and equipment imported but not placed on the market (e.g. for re-export) are not to be reported. 
Considering this limitation, the import of gases within products and equipment can be approximated with these reported data. 

(17)  As reporting by importers of products and equipment was not required under the old F-Gas Regulation (842/2006), the time series presented in 

this section does not reach back further than 2014.

18

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction

The increase in reported amounts reflects the number 
of companies reporting on equipment imports, 
which doubled to more than 400 in 2015, since 2015 
equipment imports reported by companies which 
had already reported on 2014 imports were 10 % 
(tonnes) or 12 % (CO2-eq.) below 2014 imports. Thus, 
the increase in reported equipment imports can be 
fully attributed to the new reporting companies. The 
number of equipment importers per country is listed in 
Table A4.1 and the total for 2014 and 2015 is shown in 
Table A4.3 (Annex 4). 

The F-gases contained in imported equipment are 
limited to very few gases/mixtures. In 2015, 95 % of 
those gases (both in tonnes and CO2-eq.) were the 
refrigerants R-410A and R-134a.

The 22 gases imported in products and equipment in 
2015 include 12 HFCs, 5 PFCs, 2 unsaturated HFCs and 
2 HFEs.

The import of F-gases within products and equipment is 
dominated by HFCs, which in 2015 accounted for 96 % 
of total imports (98 % in CO2-eq.). The most relevant 
HFCs in this respect were HFC-134a (as refrigerant 
R-134a), and HFC-32 and HFC-125 (as the constituents 
of the refrigerant R-410A).

The import in equipment of unsaturated HFCs, in 
particular as the refrigerant in vehicle air-conditioning 
units, has more than doubled compared with 2014, 
however. It should be borne in mind that the reported 
data of unsaturated HFC-1234yf contained in imported 
equipment may not be fully complete. This is due to 
its low GWP of 4, in combination with the threshold for 
the reporting obligation for equipment importers of 
500 t CO2-eq. HFC-1234yf is used as a refrigerant in the 
air-conditioning systems of road vehicles and with a 
specific charge of approximately 0.5 kg per passenger 
car, the 500 t CO2-eq. threshold correlates with 
250 000 passenger cars. For air-conditioning systems 
still using the traditional R-134a (GWP: 1 430), however, 
the 500 t CO2-eq. threshold correlates to approximately 
700 passenger cars. Thus, car importers specialising in 
models using HFC-1234yf may often be unaffected by 
the reporting obligation. 

For confidentiality reasons, data on F-gases imported 
within products or equipment can be shown only at a 
high level of aggregation in Table A4.8 in Annex 4.

Total imports

Since 2014, total imports can be calculated as the 
sum of bulk imports and imports within products 

and equipment as shown in Figures 2.4 and 2.5. The 
2015 share of equipment imports in the total was 9 % 
(tonnes) or 8 % (CO2-eq.).

Figure 2.4 

Imports of F-gases (tonnes)

Tonnes 

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bulk import

Import in products and equipment

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Figure 2.5 

Imports of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Mt CO2-eq.
350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bulk import

Import in products and equipment

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

19

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction

2.3  Exports of F-gases

Figure 2.7 

Bulk exports of F-gases (tonnes)

Bulk exports (18) of F-gases declined slightly compared 
with 2014 (2 % in tonnes or 1 % as CO2-eq.). Exports 
had previously seen an increase for five consecutive 
years (Figure 2.6). The dip in 2009 probably reflects the 
global financial downturn at that time. Notwithstanding 
2014, 2015 exports were still above the 2007–2013 time 
series levels.

For 2015, bulk exports were reported for 27 gases: 
13 HFCs, six PFCs, SF6, four unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs 
and NF3. Figures 2.7 and 2.8 show the proportions of 
gases in these groups (HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and Annex II 
F-gases) in exports over time, by mass and as CO2-eq.

HFCs accounted for approximately 90 % of bulk exports 
of F-gases, if measured in tonnes. If measured in 
CO2-eq., however, SF6 accounted for approximately 
50 % over the whole time series since 2007. The 
proportion of SF6 in 2015 exports was 55 % (in CO2-eq.).

The overall trend in exports (a decrease of 2 % in 
tonnes compared with 2014, 1 % in CO2-eq.) was 
affected by a 4 % drop in SF6 exports and a 50 % 
increase in exports of unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs. 
HFC exports measured in tonnes decreased by 3 % 
over the time series. Measured in CO2-eq., however, 

Figure 2.6 

Bulk exports of F-gases

Tonnes 

35 000

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

HFCs

PFCs, SF6 and Annex II gasses

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Figure 2.8 

Bulk exports of Fgases (CO2-eq.)

Million tonnes of CO2-eq.
120

Tonnes 

35 000

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

Mt CO2-eq.
120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq.

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

HFCs

PFCs, SF6 and Annex II gasses

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

(18)  Both under the 'old' F-Gas Regulation 842/2006 and under the 'new' F-Gas Regulation 517/2014, no systematic collection of data on exports of 

F-gases within products and equipment has taken place. Thus, this chapter is limited in scope to bulk exports.

20

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction

HFC exports increased by 2 %. This was mostly due to 
decreasing HFC-134a exports (14 %) offset by increasing 
HFC-143a exports (72 %).

Data on bulk exports, aggregated for confidentiality 
reasons, are shown in Tables A4.9 and A4.10 in 
Annex 4.

2.4  Reclamation, feedstock use and 

destruction of F-gases

Reclamation

Reclamation was reported for 11 gases: Eight HFCs, 
one PFC and two unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs. Unlike for 
previous years, reclamation of SF6 was not reported. 
Reclamation of F-gases increased in mass, but 
decreased in CO2-eq. compared with 2014 (Figure 2.9). 
This was due to an increase in HFC reclamation and no 
SF6 reclamation being reported for 2015.

Annual totals of reclaimed F-gases are shown in 
Table 2.1. Together with the supply of virgin gases, 
reclamation is included in the bulk supply/total supply 
metrics (see Chapter 3). Compared with the use of 
virgin gases, overall reclamation levels of F-gases were 
still quite low, at less than 1 % of bulk supply.

Feedstock use

Figure 2.9 

Reclamation of F-gases

Tonnes 

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Mt CO2-eq.
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq.

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Destruction

Destruction of F-gases has been increasing since 2008, 
with the exception of very low reported levels for 2013. 
Compared with 2014, the increase was 44 % in tonnes, 
or 23 % as CO2-eq. (Figure 2.10).

Feedstock use has been declining since 2013, with 
2015 having the lowest level since 2007. For 2015, 
feedstock use was reported primarily for HFC-23 but 
also in smaller amounts for HFC-134a and HFC-245fa. 
Except for small amounts of unsaturated HCFC-1233zd 
in 2014, only HFCs have been reported for feedstock 
use. Gases used as feedstock are not included in bulk 
supply/total supply metrics. The reported feedstock 
amounts are confidential and so are not shown in 
Table 2.1.

Destruction was reported for 12 gases: Four HFCs, four 
PFCs, SF6 and three Annex II F-gases. Destruction is 
strongly focused on HFCs, which in 2015 represented 
98 % (tonnes) or 95 % (CO2-eq.) of total destroyed 
amounts. The destruction of HFC-23 is the most 
prominent, as it is formed as a by-product in certain 
production processes of F-gases and its destruction (or 
recovery for subsequent use) is obligatory under the 
F-Gas Regulation. The proportion of HFC-23 in overall 
HFC destruction declined in 2015.

Table 2.1 

Reclamation and destruction of F-gases

Reclamation

Tonnes

Mt CO2-eq.

Destruction

Tonnes

Mt CO2-eq.

2007

417

2.1

56

0.1

2008

398

1.9

49

0.1

2009

177

1.9

96

0.4

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

326

1.3

179

1.7

508

1.8

221

2.1

487

1.6

487

1.8

484

1.2

101

1.1

416

1.8

887

7.9

648

1.7

1 227

9.7

Note:  

Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting 
for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

21

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
Production, import, export, reclamation and destruction

Figure 2.10  Destruction of F-gases

Tonnes 

1 400

1 200

 000

800

600

400

200

0

Gases used as feedstock are not included in the bulk 
supply/total supply metrics (Chapter 3). If compared 
with bulk supply, however, destruction has risen by up 
to approximately 1.5 % (tonnes) or 5 % (CO2-eq.) of bulk 
supply. Following publication of the previous report 
(EEA, 2015), there was some concern that reporting 
on 2014 may not have been complete. For 2015, the 
number of companies reporting on destruction rose 
from 10 to 15 (see Table A4.1 in Annex 4).

Mt CO2-eq.
12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq.

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

The 2014 data on CO2-eq. presented in this graph deviate 
from the data presented in the previous report (EEA, 2015), 
as the EEA reassessed some amounts reported in 2015 
as 'unspecified gas for destruction', using composition 
estimates provided by the operator of the same facility 
in 2016.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

22

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
Supply of F-gases 

3 

 Supply of F-gases

'Total supply' is a parameter that provides information 
on the actual use of F-gases by EU industries. 'Total 
supply' is focused on potentially emission-relevant 
supplies of gases to EU industries and thus does not 
cover gases intended for feedstock use or destruction. 
'Total supply' is the sum of 'bulk supply' and 'supply in 
products/equipment'. For methodological details on the 
calculation of supply, please refer to Annex 6.

3.1  Bulk supply

Bulk supply of F-gases declined from 2010 to 2013. 
Following an exceptionally high amount calculated 
for 2014 (see comment on 2014 bulk imports in 
Section 2.2), bulk supply calculated for 2015 met 2010 
levels if calculated in tonnes or 2013 levels if calculated 
in CO2-eq. (Figure 3.1). 

Bulk supply for 2015 was 13 % above 2013 levels if 
measured in tonnes, but almost constant compared 

as CO2-eq. for 2013. Bearing in mind that Annex II 
F-gases had not been subject to reporting for 2013, the 
increase in the bulk supply of Annex I F-gases (HFCs, 
PFCs and SF6) in 2015 compared with 2013 was only 9 % 
(tonnes). Measured as CO2-eq., the 2015 bulk supply 
of Annex I F-gases declined by 3 % compared with 
2013. Compared with the exceptionally high amounts 
calculated for 2014, the decline was 25 % in tonnes or 
27 % as CO2-eq.

For 2015, bulk supply was reported for 28 gases: 
13 HFCs, six PFCs, SF6, four unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs, 
three HFEs and NF3. 

The proportion of non-HFC gas groups (PFCs, SF6, 
Annex II F-gases) in bulk supply for 2007–2015 by mass 
was only 2.5 % (not shown). Figure 3.2 presents bulk 
supply by gas group as CO2-eq.

Figure 3.1 

Bulk supply of F-gases

Million tonnes of CO2-eq.

Figure 3.2 

Bulk supply by group of F -gases 
(CO2-eq.)

Tonnes 

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

Mt CO2-eq.
300

250

200

150

100

50

0

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-eq.

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

HFCs

PFCs, SF6 and Annex II gasses

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

23

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

With declining levels of production, for most gases 
the trends in bulk supply align to an increasing degree 
with the trends observed for bulk imports. Bulk 
supply of F-gases was dominated by HFCs, which in 
2015 accounted for 95 % of total bulk supply (85 % in 
CO2-eq.), with unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs making 
up most of the balance. In terms of CO2-eq., however, 
SF6 contributed a significant fraction of 2015 bulk 
supply. HFEs and alcohols contributed only a very small 
fraction. 

HFC-134a and HFC-125 continued to be the HFCs 
supplied in bulk in the largest quantities, followed by 
HFC-143a and HFC-32. These gases are the constituents 
of the most commonly used refrigerants. In addition to 
refrigeration, HFC-134a is also used for aerosols and 
(less frequently) as a foam-blowing agent. Reported as 
CO2-eq., the bulk imports of HFC-125 (38 %), HFC-134a 

(32 %) and HFC-143a (19 %) were most relevant. Other 
HFCs included HFC-152a, HFC-365mfc, HFC-227ea and 
HFC-245fa, which are used as foam-blowing agents, in 
aerosol applications or in fire protection systems.

Data on bulk supply are shown in Tables A4.11 and 
A4.12 in Annex 4.

Intended applications of bulk supply

Figures 3.3 and 3.4 show bulk supply allocated by 
intended application (for calculation details, please 
refer to Annex 6). Tables A4.13 and A4.14 in Annex 4 
provide the data at a slightly less aggregated level.

Figure 3.3 

Intended applications of bulk supply 
(tonnes)

Figure 3.4 

Intended applications of bulk supply 
(CO2-eq.)

Million tonnes of CO2-eq.

Tonnes 

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Other or unknown applications

Semiconductor, photovoltaics, electronics and 
electrical equipment

Fire protection and solvents

Aerosols

Foams, incl. pre-blended polyols

Refrigeration, air-conditioning, heating and 
other heat transfer ﬂuids

Other or unknown applications

Semiconductor, photovoltaics, electronics and 
electrical equipment

Fire protection and solvents

Aerosols

Foams, incl. pre-blended polyols

Refrigeration, air-conditioning, heating and 
other heat transfer ﬂuids

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013. Data shown 
may not match the previous EEA report as the calculation 
methodology was updated (Annex 6).

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013. Data shown 
may not match the previous EEA report as the calculation 
methodology was updated (Annex 6).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

24

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Refrigeration, air conditioning and heating is by 
far the most relevant application of bulk supplies 
to the EU. The refrigerant quantities constitute 
approximately 70 % (in tonnes) or 80 % (in CO2-eq.) 
of 2015 bulk supply. Compared with 2014, which had 
an exceptionally high bulk supply of refrigerants, 
the amounts decreased by 23 % (29 % in CO2-eq.). 
Compared with 2013, however, the amounts in tonnes 
increased by 16 %, while amounts measured in CO2-eq. 
increased by 3 %. This may indicate a trend towards 
use of refrigerants with lower GWPs. 

Foams and aerosols each accounted for 10 % of 2015 
bulk supply, if measured in tonnes. Measured in 
CO2-eq., however, the proportion of those applications 
is approximately half that size, at 4 % for foams and 6 % 
for aerosols. HFC supplied for foam blowing decreased 
considerably compared with the high amounts in 
2014. However, 2015 supply was above the declining 
amounts that had been reported for 2011–2013. The 
use of F-gases as aerosols appears to be fairly constant 
over time; the low amounts in 2011 appear to have 
been an anomaly.

Electrical equipment (8 % in 2015) and semiconductor, 
photovoltaics and other electronics manufacturing 
(5 %) are relevant applications of F-gases, in particular 
SF6 and PFCs, if measured in CO2-eq. SF6 quantities 
reported for electrical equipment decreased by 19 % 
compared with 2014. However, SF6 supplied for 
electrical equipment was still approximately 50 % 
below 2013 amounts. Amounts supplied in bulk for 
semiconductor and photovoltaics manufacturing 
decreased by 32 % compared with 2014, but increased 
by 4 % if measured in CO2-eq. The substantive increase 
from 2013 to 2014 can be attributed to the fact that NF3 
was included in the list of reportable fluorinated gases 
for the first time in 2014.

A tabular overview of the amounts of single F-gases 
in tonnes and CO2-eq. calculated for the intended 
applications of bulk supply in 2015 is given in 
Tables A4.13 and A4.14 in Annex 4.

3.2  Supply in products and equipment

The supply in products and equipment equals the 
amounts reported as imported in products and 
equipment. For a description of trends in gases 
supplied in products and equipment, please refer to 
Section 2.2 and the summary data in Table A4.8 in 
Annex 4.

Supply of fluorinated gases

Product and equipment categories 

The most important equipment category is stationary 
equipment for comfort cooling or heating (72 % by 
mass or 78 % as CO2-eq. in 2015) and mobile air 
conditioning (mostly in passenger cars and light-duty 
vehicles), which accounts for 17 % by mass or 10 % as 
CO2-eq. The stationary equipment in question consists 
mainly of split units (approximately 60 % of refrigerant 
charge) or multi-split units (approximately 25 %), both 
operated with R-410A.

Figures 3.5 and 3.6 present how the supply in 
products and equipment is spread across product and 
equipment categories over time.

A summary of F-gases supplied in products and 
equipment is included in Table A4.8 in Annex 4. The 
increase in reported supply in products and equipment 
compared with 2014 (see caveat mentioned above) is 
linked to the stationary equipment for comfort cooling 
or heating, mobile air-conditioning equipment, and 
non-medical aerosols. 

Figure 3.5 

Categories of supply in products and 
equipment of F-gases (tonnes)

Tonnes

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

2014

2015

Other products and equipment

Other refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump equipment

Mobile air-conditioning equipment

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling or heating

Sources:   EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

25

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

Figure 3.6 

Categories of supply in products and 
equipment of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Figure 3.7 

Supply of F-gases by supply types 
(tonnes)

Mt CO2-eq.
16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Tonnes 

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

2014

2015

Other products and equipment

Other refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump equipment

Mobile air-conditioning equipment

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling or heating

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bulk supply

Supply in products and equipment

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Sources:   EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

3.3  Total supply 

The reported amounts of bulk supply and supply 
in products and equipment are jointly presented in 
Figure 3.7 (tonnes) and Figure 3.8 (CO2-eq.). 

Since 2014, the total supply can be calculated as the 
sum of both types of supply. As the result of trends 
described for bulk supply (Section 3.1) and supply in 
products and equipment (Section 3.2), total supply 
declined by 23 % compared with 2014 (25 % in CO2-eq.). 
The 2015 proportion of supply in products and 
equipment imports in total supply was 7 % (tonnes) or 
6 % (CO2-eq.).

In 2015, HFCs accounted for 95 % of total supply 
measured in tonnes or 85 % measured in CO2-eq. 
(Figures 3.9 and 3.10). The majority of HFCs are 
supplied in bulk, with only 7 % supplied within products 
and equipment (6 % as CO2-eq.). SF6 accounted for a 
significant proportion, when measured as CO2-eq. 

Figure 3.8 

Supply of F-gases by supply types 
(CO2-eq.)

Mt CO2-eq.

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bulk supply

Supply in products and equipment

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not 
subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

26

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

Figure 3.9 

Total supply of F-gases, 2015 (tonnes)

Intended applications of total supply

HFCs (bulk)
88 %

Figures 3.11 and 3.12 depict the timeline of intended 
applications of total supply. 

HFCs 
(equipment)
7 %

Limitations in the consistency of time-series between 
2013 and 2014 should be kept in mind when 
interpreting trends. Given the predominant weight of 
bulk supply in total supply, the assessment made for 
bulk supply in Section 3.1 also applies to total supply. 
A summary of F-gases and intended application is 
included in Tables A4.13 and A4.14 in Annex 4.

PFCs, SF6 and 
Annex II gases 
(bulk and equipment)
5 %

Figure 3.11 

Intended applications of total supply 
of F-gases (tonnes)

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Figure 3.10 

Total supply of F-gases, 2015 (CO2-eq.)

HFCs (bulk)
79 %

HFCs 
(equipment)
6 %

Tonnes

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

PFCs, SF6 and 
Annex II gases 
(bulk and equipment)
15 %

Note:  

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Other or unknown applications
Semiconductor, photovoltaics, electronics and 
electrical equipment
Fire protection and solvents
Aerosols
Foams, incl. pre-blended polyols
Refrigeration, air-conditioning, heating and other 
heat transfer ﬂuids

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) and HFCs, 
PFCs and SF6 in products and equipment were not subject 
to reporting for the years 2007–2013. The data shown for 
2007–2013 are thus limited to bulk supply.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

27

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

Figure 3.12 

Intended applications of total supply 
of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Figure 3.13 

Million tonnes of CO2-eq.
350

Total supply for refrigeration, air 
conditioning and heating, including 
other heat transfer fluids, 2015 
(tonnes)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Other or unknown applications
Semiconductor, photovoltaics, electronics and 
electrical equipment
Fire protection and solvents
Aerosols
Foams, incl. pre-blended polyols
Refrigeration, air-conditioning, heating and other 
heat transfer ﬂuids

Note:  

Annex II F-gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) and HFCs, 
PFCs and SF6 in products and equipment were not subject 
to reporting for the years 2007–2013. The data shown for 
2007–2013 are thus limited to bulk supply.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Refrigeration, air-conditioning and heating is the 
most relevant application category. Approximately 
75 % of the total supply of F-gases in 2015 was 
intended for refrigerant use. The gases primarily used 
as refrigerants are HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-32 and 
HFC-143a (Figures 3.13 and 3.14). These gases are the 
constituents of the most common refrigerants R-134a, 
R-404A, R-407C, R-410A and R-507A. The market share 
of the novel low-GWP unsaturated HFC-1234yf (GWP: 4) 
has grown to 3 % of F-refrigerants from below 1 % 
in 2014. 

HFC-125
24 %

HFC-32
12 %

HFC-143a
10 %

HFC-1234yf
3 %

Other gases

0 %

HFC-134a
51 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Figure 3.14 

Total supply for refrigeration, air 
conditioning and heating, including 
other heat transfer fluids, 2015 
(CO2-eq.)

HFC-32
4 %

HFC-125
40 %

HFC-143a
35 %

HFC-1234yf
0 %

Other gases

1 %

HFC-134a
20 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

28

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

Foam blowing is the second most common application 
with 10 % (by mass) of F-gas supply in 2015 (3 % as 
CO2-eq.). The gases reported for foam blowing are 
typically used within mixtures. The most commonly 
used F-gases in this context are HFC-365mfc, HFC-152a 
and HFC-245fa, (Figures 3.15 and 3.16). HFC-134a 
and HFC-227ea play minor roles. The new low-GWP 
unsaturated HFC-1234ze (GWP: 7) is included among 
'PFCs and unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs' and has a 
market share (in tonnes) of almost 2 % in 2015, but 
obviously this group is much smaller when shown as 
CO2-eq.

Aerosol use accounted for 10 % (by mass) of the 
reported applications of total supply in 2015 (6 % in 
CO2-eq.). This is the sum of medical and non-medical 
aerosols. HFC-134a, HFC-152a and HFC-227ea had 
98 % of the 2014 market share of fluorinated aerosol 
carriers (Figures 3.17 and 3.18); the novel unsaturated 
HFC-1234ze gained 2 %, compared with below 0.1 % 
in 2014. For medical aerosols, HFC-134a accounted for 
89 % (by mass) of F-gases; the remainder was covered 
by HFC-227ea. For non-medical aerosols, however, 
the HFC-134a proportion was limited to 61 %, HFC-152 
accounted for 32 % and unsaturated HFC-1234ze for 
7 % (all by mass).

Figure 3.15 

Total supply for foams, 2015 (tonnes)

Figure 3.17 

Total supply for aerosol use, 2015 
(tonnes)

HFC-227ea, HFC-245fa 
and HFC-365mfc

59 %

PFCs and unsaturated HFCs 
and HCFCs 

4 %

HFC-134a
79 %

HFC-152a
30 %

HFC-152a, 
HFC-227ea, 
HFC-1234ze 
and other gases
21 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

HFC-134a
7 %

Figure 3.16 

Total supply for foams, 2015 (CO2-eq.)

Figure 3.18 

Total supply for aerosol use, 2015 
(CO2-eq.)

HFC-227ea, HFC-245fa 
and HFC-365mfc

81 %

HFC-134a
82 %

PFCs and 
unsaturated HFCs 
and HCFCs 
1 %

HFC-152a
5 %

HFC-134a
13 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

HFC-152a, 
HFC-227ea, 
HFC-1234ze 
and other gases
18 %

29

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

Fire protection accounted for 1 % of total supply 
of F-gases in 2015, both by mass and as CO2-eq. 
HFC-227ea is the gas generally used, representing 90 % 
(by mass) or 79 % (as CO2-eq.). For the rest, few other 
HFCs were reported (Figures 3.19 and 3.20).

Electrical equipment (switchgear) is the major 
application for SF6. No other F-gases are used for this 
application, which accounted for less than 1 % of the 
total 2015 supply by mass. However, due to the high 
GWP of SF6, electrical equipment represented 8 % of 
the 2015 total supply when reported as CO2-eq.

Figure 3.19 

Total supply for fire protection, 2015 
(tonnes)

HFC-227ea
90 %

Less than 1 % (by mass) of 2015 total supply of F-gases 
was intended for semiconductor, photovoltaic or other 
electronics manufacturing industries. Due to the high 
GWPs of the majority of these gases, the proportion 
was above 5 % as CO2-eq. The most relevant F-gases 
for these industries are NF3 (nitrogen fluoride), PFC-116 
and PFC-14 (Figures 3.21 and 3.22).

HFC-236fa
4 %

HFC-125
4 %
Other HFCs

2 %

Figure 3.21 

Total supply for semiconductor, 
photovoltaics and other electronics 
manufacture, 2015 (tonnes)

PFC-116
22 %

PFC-14
18 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Figure 3.20 

Total supply for fire protection, 2015 
(CO2-eq.)

HFC-227ea
79 %

NF3
47 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Other PFCs
8 %

HFCs
3 %

SF6
2 %

HFC-236fa
12 %

HFC-125
3 %

Other HFCs

6 %

Figure 3.22 

Total supply for semiconductor, 
photovoltaics and other electronics 
manufacture, 2015 (CO2-eq.)

PFC-116
19 %

PFC-14
10 %

Other PFCs
5 %

HFCs
3 %

SF6
4 %

NF3
59 %

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

30

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Supply of fluorinated gases

A summary of bulk F-gases in tonnes and CO2-eq. 
for the intended applications is given in Tables A4.13 
and A4.14).

3.4  Delivery as single gases and mixtures

Data that were reported by producers and importers 
as physically placed on the market (19), can be assessed 
in combination with data reported by companies 
that blend F-gases into mixtures (20) in order to 
derive information on the extent to which the market 
deliveries take place as single gases or as mixtures 
(for calculation details, please see Annex 6).

According to this analysis, in 2014 and 2015, 
approximately 60 % (both in tonnes and CO2-eq.) of 

F-gases placed on the market (21) were delivered as single 
gases while 40 % were delivered as mixtures (Figures 3.23 
and 3.24). The single gas HFC-134a and the refrigerant 
mixtures R-404A and R-410A jointly constituted 
approximately two thirds of deliveries in 2015 (slightly 
above half, if measured in CO2-eq.). The data for these 
graphs are included in Table A4.17 in Annex 4.

For some HFCs, significant amounts that were reported 
as delivered to the market as single gases are not 
commonly used as such. For example, HFC-125 and 
HFC-143a are typically used only in refrigerant mixtures 
such as R-404A or R-507A. From this and the fact that 
only nine companies reported on blending in 2014 or 
2015, it is clear that the reporting on blending was not 
complete. Many companies probably reported mixtures 
as their component substances.

Figure 3.23  Delivery of F-gases as single gases or 

Figure 3.24  Delivery of F-gases as single gases or 

mixtures (tonnes)

mixtures (CO2-eq.)

Tonnes 

160 000

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

2014

Mixtures:

2015

Single gases:

Other mixtures not containing HFCs
Other mixtures containing HFCs
R-410A
R-404A

Annex II gases
PFCs and SF6
Other HFCs
HFC-134a

Mt CO2-eq.

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2014

Mixtures:

2015

Single gases:

Other mixtures not containing HFCs
Other mixtures containing HFCs
R-410A
R-404A

Annex II gases
PFCs and SF6
Other HFCs
HFC-134a

Note:  

Annex II gases: unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds.

Note:  

Annex II gases: unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and 
alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds.

Sources:   EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Sources:   EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

(19)  In section [4M] of the reporting questionnaire, see Annex 7.
(20)  In sections [1F] and [1G] of the reporting questionnaire, see Annex 7.
(21)  Amounts placed on the market are calculated as the sum of quantities reported by companies in Section [4M] (in bulk) and in [11Q] (in products 

and equipment). Amounts placed on the market do not fully coincide with total supply, as presented in Section 3.3. For details of calculation of 
total supply, please refer to Annex 6.

31

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Abbreviations

Abbreviations 

BDR

CO2

CO2-eq.

EC

Business Data Repository of the EEA

Carbon dioxide

CO2-equivalent

European Commission

DG CLIMA

Directorate-General for Climate Action of the European Commission

EEA

European Environment Agency

ETC/ACM

European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation

EU

EU-28

AR4

F-gases

GWP

HCFCs

HFCs

HFEs

IPCC

kg

kt

Mt

NF3

ODS

PFCs

PFPMIE

POM

QA/QC

R-134a

R-404A

R-407C

R-410A

R-507A

SF6

t

TAR

European Union

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, 
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United 
Kingdom

Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC

Fluorinated gases

Global warming potential

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

Hydrofluorocarbons

Hydrofluoroethers

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Kilogrammes

Kilotonnes

Megatonnes

Nitrogen trifluoride

Ozone-depleting substances

Perfluorocarbons

Perfluoropolymethylisopropylether

Placing on the market

Quality Assurance/Quality Control

Refrigerant classification of HFC-134a

Refrigerant mixture of HFCs (52 % HFC-143a, 44 % HFC-125, 4 % HFC-134a)

Refrigerant mixture of HFCs (52 % HFC-134a, 25 % HFC-125, 23 % HFC-32)

Refrigerant mixture of HFCs (50 % HFC-125, 50 % HFC-32)

Refrigerant mixture of HFCs (50 % HFC-143a, 50 % HFC-125)

Sulphur hexafluoride

Tonne

Third Assessment Report of the IPCC

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

32

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015References

References

EC, 2011, Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2010 — Data 
reported by companies on the production, import 
and export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in 2010, 
confidential report to the European Commission 
and Member States' Competent Authorities, 
Umweltbundesamt, Vienna, 2011.

EEA, 2015, Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2014 — Data 
reported by companies on the production, import and 
export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European 
Union, confidential report, European Environment 
Agency.

EEA, 2016a, Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 — 
Confidential dataset: Compilation and analysis of data 
reported by companies on the production, import, export, 
destruction and feedstock use of fluorinated greenhouse 
gases in the European Union, European Environment 
Agency.

EEA, 2016b, 'EEA greenhouse gas data viewer', 
European Environment Agency (http://www.eea.
europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/
greenhouse-gases-viewer), last accessed 1 August 2016.

EU, 2006, Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of the European 
Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on 
certain fluorinated greenhouse gases (OJ L 161, 
14.6.2006, pp. 1–11).

EU, 2009, Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the 
European Parliament and of the Council of 
16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the 
ozone layer (OJ L 286, 31.10.2009, pp. 1–30).

EU, 2014a, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
No 1191/2014 of 30 October 2014 determining the 
format and means for submitting the report referred 
to in Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of 
the European Parliament and of the Council on 
fluorinated greenhouse gases (OJ L 318, 5.11.2014, 
pp. 5–20).

EU, 2014b, Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the 
European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 
2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing 
Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 (OJ L 150, 20.5.2014, 
pp. 195–230).

IPCC, 2001, Third assessment report (TAR) — Climate 
change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 
(http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar), last 
accessed 1 August 2016.

IPCC, 2006, IPCC Guidelines for national greenhouse 
gas inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change (http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/
public/2006gl), last accessed 1 August 2016.

IPCC, 2007, Fourth assessment report (AR4) — Climate 
change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 
(http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/
en/contents.html), last accessed 1 August 2016.

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the 
Ozone Layer, international treaty, adopted in Montreal 
on 16 September 1987 (http://ozone.unep.org/en/
treaties-decisions/montreal-protocol-substances-
deplete-ozone-layer), last accessed 1 August 2016.

33

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 1

Annex 1 

Gas

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-143

HFC-143a

HFC-152

HFC-152a

HFC-161

HFC-227ea

HFC-236cb

HFC-236ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245ca

HFC-245fa

HFC-365mfc

HFC-43-10mee

PFC-14 (CF4)

PFC-116 (C2F6)

PFC-218 (C3F8)

PFC-3-1-10 (C4F10)

PFC-4-1-12 (C5F12)

PFC-5-1-14 (C6F14)

PFC-c-318 (c-C4F8)

SF6

Sources:   EU, 2006; EU, 2014b.

 Fluorinated gases of Annex I of 
Regulation 517/2014 and their 
GWPs

GWP (AR4)

Gas group

Reference

Coverage in the 'old' F-Gas 
Regulation 842/2006

14 800

675

92

3 500

1 100

1 430

353

4 470

53

124

12

3 220

1 340

1 370

9 810

693

1 030

794

1 640

7 390

12 200

8 830

8 860

9 160

9 300

10 300

22 800

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

PFCs

PFCs

PFCs

PFCs

PFCs

PFCs

PFCs

SF6

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 1

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 2

Annex I Section 3

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Not covered

Covered

Not covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

Covered

34

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 2

Annex 2 

 Other fluorinated gases of Annex II 
of Regulation 517/2014 and their 
GWPs

Gas

HFC-1234yf

HFC-1234ze

HFC-1336mzz

HCFC-1233zd

HCFC-1233xf

HFE-125

HFE-134

HFE-143a

HCFE-235da2 (isofluorane)

HFE-245cb2

HFE-245fa2

HFE-254cb2

HFE-347 mcc3 (HFE-7000)

HFE-347pcf2

HFE-356pcc3

HFE-449sl (HFE-7100)

HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200)

HFE-43-10pccc124

HFE-236ca12 (HG-10)

HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01) 

HFE-347mmy1

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol

bis(trifluoromethyl)-methanol

HFE-227ea

HFE-236ea2 (desfluoran)

HFE-236fa

HFE-245fa1

HFE 263fb2

HFE-329mcc2

HFE-338mcf2

HFE-338mmz1

HFE-347mcf2

HFE-356mec3

HFE-356mm1

HFE-356pcf2

HFE-356pcf3

HFE 365mcf3

HFE-374pc2

- (CF2)4CH(OH) -

GWP (AR4)

Gas group

Reference

4

7

9

5

1

14 900

6 320

756

350

708

659

359

575

580

110

297

59

1 870

2 800

1 500

343

42

195

1 540

989

487

286

11

919

552

380

374

101

27

265

502

11

557

73

Unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs

Annex II Section 1

Unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs

Annex II Section 1

Unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs

Annex II Section 1

Unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs

Annex II Section 1

Unsaturated HFCs/HCFCs

Annex II Section 1

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

HFEs and alcohols

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

Annex II Section 2

35

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 2

Gas

GWP (AR4)

Gas group

Reference

NF3 (nitrogen trifluoride)

c-C3F6 (perfluorocyclopropane)

PFPMIE

SF5CF3

17 200

17 340

10 300

17 700

Other perfluorinated compounds

Annex II, Section 3

Other perfluorinated compounds

Annex II, Section 3

Other perfluorinated compounds

Annex II, Section 3

Other perfluorinated compounds

Annex II, Section 3

Note:  

Annex II gases were not covered under the old F-Gas Regulation 842/2006.

Source:   EU, 2014b.

36

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 3

Annex 3 

 Non-fluorinated gases of Annex IV 
of Regulation 517/2014 and their 
GWPs

According to Annex IV of the new F-Gas Regulation, the 
global warming potential (GWP) of mixtures containing 
gases outside the scope of Annexes I and II of the new 
F-Gas Regulation (22) are to be calculated using the 

GWPs given here for the non-fluorinated gases. For 
other constituents of mixtures that are not listed here 
(e.g. ozone-depleting substances), a GWP value of zero 
shall be used.

Substance

R-170 (Ethane)

R-290 (Propane)

R-600 (Butane)

R-600A (Isobutane)

R-601 (Pentane)

R-601A (Isopentane)

C5H10 (Cyclopentane)

R-610 (Ethoxyethane, diethyl ether)

R-611 (Methyl formate)

R-702 (Hydrogen)

R-717 (Ammonia)

R-744 (Carbon dioxide)

R-1150 (Ethylene)

R-1270 (Propylene)

E-170 (Dimethyl ether)

CH3Cl (Methyl chloride)

CHCl3 (Chloroform)

Methylene chloride

CH4 (Methane)

N2O (nitrous oxide)

Source:   EU, 2014b.

Formula

CH3CH3

CH3CH2CH3

CH3CH2CH2CH3

CH(CH3)2CH3

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

(CH3)2CHCH2CH3

C5H10

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

HCOOCH3

H2

NH3

CO2

C2H4

C3H6

CH3OCH3

CH3Cl

CHCl3

CH2Cl2

CH4

N2O

GWP (AR4)

6

3

4

3

5

5

5

4

25

6

0

1

4

2

1

13

31

9

25

298

(22)  The gases listed in those Annexes are given in Annexes 1 and 2 of this report.

37

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 4

Annex 4  Data tables

List of tables in Annex 4

Table A4.1 

Reporting companies by Member State and activity 

Table A4.2 

Non-EU companies: activities and location of Only Representative, 2015 

Table A4.3 

Number of companies reporting on 2007–2015 and activities 

Table A4.4 

Production of F-gases (tonnes) 

Table A4.5 

Production of F-gases (CO2-eq.) 

Table A4.6 

Bulk imports of F-gases (tonnes) 

Table A4.7 

Bulk imports of F-gases (CO2-eq.) 

Table A4.8 

Imports of F-gases within products and equipment 

Table A4.9 

Bulk exports of F-gases (tonnes) 

Table A4.10 

Bulk exports of F-gases (CO2-eq.) 

Table A4.11 

Bulk supply of F-gases (tonnes) 

Table A4.12 

Bulk supply of F-gases (CO2-eq.) 

Table A4.13 

Intended applications of bulk supply of F-gases (tonnes) 

Table A4.14 

Intended applications of bulk supply of F-gases (Mt CO2-eq.) 

Table A4.15 

Total supply of F-gases (tonnes) 

Table A4.16 

Total supply of F-gases (CO2-eq.) 

Table A4.17 

Delivery of F-gases as single gases or mixtures 

39

40

40

41

41

42

42

42

43

44

45

46

47

47

48

48

48

38

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 4

Table A4.1 

Reporting companies by Member State and activity

Country

Total

thereof:

Producers

Importers

Exporters

Feedstock 
users

Destruction 
companies

Equipment 
importers

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

11

32

16

11

13

21

14

13

11

60

78

26

17

9

85

5

8

7

29

46

21

16

8

6

61

30

70

United Kingdom

EU-28 total

Non-EU

724

39

19

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

9

n.a.

n.a.

2

14

10

5

7

10

5

7

4

22

29

9

7

6

29

3

5

1

14

27

4

5

4

1

22

11

31

294

23

14

0

6

1

2

0

0

5

0

0

11

20

2

2

0

13

0

2

1

4

2

1

0

0

0

8

3

15

98

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

4

n.a.

n.a.

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

2

8

17

6

7

6

10

7

5

7

35

46

17

11

3

52

3

3

5

16

18

16

11

3

5

34

19

36

15

n.a.

n.a.

406

8

6

Note:  

Companies may report for more than one activity type. 
n.a., not applicable (non-EU companies are not eligible to report as producers, feedstock users or destruction companies).

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

39

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 4

Table A4.2  Non-EU companies: activities and location of Only Representative, 2015

Country

China

Represented in Germany

Represented in Ireland

Represented in Italy

Represented in the Netherlands

Hong Kong

Represented in Germany

Japan

Represented in Belgium

Represented in Germany

Represented in Italy

Represented in the Netherlands

Malaysia

Represented in Germany

Switzerland

Represented in Spain

Represented in the United Kingdom

Turkey

Represented in Germany

United States

Represented in Germany

Represented in Italy

Represented in the United Kingdom

Total

thereof:

Bulk importers

Bulk exporters

Equipment 
importers

26

3

21

1

1

1

1

5

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

18

2

15

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

3

1

1

1

0

0

0

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

Note:  

Companies may report for more than one activity type.

Source:   EEA, 2016a.

Table A4.3  Number of companies reporting on 2007–2015 and activities

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Total

Producers

Bulk 
importers

Bulk 
exporters

Feedstock 
users

Destruction 
companies

Equipment 
importers

78

87

91

108

122

129

154

468

763

6

11

8

8

9

9

9

11

9

60

64

56

70

78

88

114

195

317

42

48

58

72

78

78

83

97

98

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

5

4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

10

15

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

238

414

Note:  

n.a., not applicable (the reporting obligations for feedstock users, destruction companies and equipment importers applied for the first 
time on reporting for 2014).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015, 2016a.

40

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 4

Table A4.4 

Production of F-gases (tonnes)

Gas group

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

55 235

38 519

33 106

43 792

41 040

40 854

36 717

31 050

32 339

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

–

–

–

209

C

C

–

–

Total F-gases

Average GWP

58 098

41 359

35 123

46 440

44 030

44 220

39 909

34 049

35 377

3 012

3 361

3 088

3 226

3 432

3 508

3 573

3 723

3 419

Note:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013). 

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Table A4.5 

Production of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

Total F-gases

Average GWP

2007

112

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

175

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

76

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

139

63

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

108

91

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

150

85

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

151

81

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

155

73

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

143

61

55

C

C

–

–

–

2

C

C

–

–

127

121

3 012

3 361

3 088

3 226

3 432

3 508

3 573

3 723

3 419

Note:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

41

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 4

Table A4.6 

Bulk imports of F-gases (tonnes)

Gas group

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

58 667

68 094

57 612

68 794

65 940

60 778

65 301

122 781

71 038

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

129

671

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

230

539

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

310

374

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

155

483

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

412

C

C

C

388

386

C

C

305

Total F-gases

59 666

69 091

58 411

69 564

66 765

61 462

65 939

125 986

75 659

Note:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Table A4.7 

Bulk imports of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated 
compounds

Total F-gases

Average GWP

2007

112.7

2008

135.1

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

132.4

2 218

154.1

2 230

2009

124.2

1.4

15.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

140.9

2 412

2010

144.2

2.5

12.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

158.9

2 285

2011

133.1

2012

121.7

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

3.2

8.5

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

148.9

2 231

133.4

2 171

2013

136.4

1.6

11.0

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

149.0

2 259

2014

260.9

2015

148.4

C

9.4

C

C

C

3.8

8.8

C

C

5.2

279.4

2 218

166.3

2 198

Notes:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Table A4.8 

Imports of F-gases within products and equipment

Tonnes

Mt CO2-equivalent

Tonnes 

Mt CO2-equivalent

2014

5 670

C

C

C

–

2014

11.2

C

C

C

–

2015

6 921

22

C

C

C

5 808

11.7

7 191

2015

13.4

0.2

C

C

C

13.7

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Total F-gases

Note:  

C, confidential; – , no data reported.

Sources:   EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

42

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Table A4.9 

Bulk exports of F-gases (tonnes)

Annex 4

Gas

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-143a

HFC-152a

HFC-227ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245fa

HFC-365mfc

HFC-43-10mee

PFC-14

PFC-116

PFC-218

PFC-c-318

PFC-3-1-10

PFC-5-1-14

SF6

HCFC-1233zd

HFC-1234yf

HFC-1234ze

HFC-1336mzz

HFE-449sl

HFE-569sf2

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol

NF3

PFPMIE

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

C

1 310

–

C

771

–

17

706

–

12

8

1 534

1 335

–

–

11

883

–

C

1 414

–

3

840

C

20

926

C

2 854

2 038

1 758

2 871

3 521

2 160

1 938

2 048

2 238

C

–

–

C

–

–

–

–

C

15 999

12 318

9 925

10 703

11 080

12 481

12 102

14 635

12 575

1 352

1 450

937

1 295

1 237

1 076

1 137

1 011

1 742

C

204

C

271

C

187

632

352

262

433

186

460

C

78

526

1 261

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

-

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

0

C

C

C

-

C

1 670

1 499

1 423

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

-

C

C

C

C

138

4 292

6 220

C

C

C

C

C

-

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

936

C

128

C

C

7

4

C

C

C

C

2 021

1 871

2 522

2 426

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

-

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

24 162

19 187

15 564

20 292

21 162

21 044

21 699

26 239

25 568

83

57

25

1 670

1 499

1 423

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

255

253

91

95

2 021

1 871

2 522

2 426

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

Total F-gases

25 915

20 742

17 012

22 070

23 214

23 320

23 822

29 065

28 408

Note:  

C: confidential, –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

43

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 4

Table A4.10  Bulk exports of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Gas

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-143a

HFC-152a

HFC-227ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245fa

HFC-365mfc

HFC-43-10mee

PFC-14

PFC-116

PFC-218

PFC-c-318

PFC-3-1-10

PFC-5-1-14

SF6

HCFC-1233zd

HFC-1234yf

HFC-1234ze

HFC-1336mzz

HFE-449sl

HFE-569sf2

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol

NF3

PFPMIE

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

Total F-gases

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

C

0.9

–

10.0

C

C

0.5

–

7.1

–

0.3

0.5

–

6.2

–

0.2

1.0

–

0.1

0.9

–

10.0

12.3

C

–

0.2

0.6

–

7.6

–

C

1.0

–

6.8

–

0.0

0.6

C

7.2

–

0.3

0.6

C

7.8

C

22.9

17.6

14.2

15.3

15.8

17.8

17.3

20.9

18.0

6.0

C

0.7

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

–

C

C

6.5

C

0.9

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

4.2

C

0.6

C

C

C

C

0.0

C

C

C

–

C

5.8

0.1

1.1

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

38.1

34.2

32.4

38.7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

42.5

0.8

38.1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

81.4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

34.6

0.5

34.2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

69.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

27.5

0.2

32.4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

60.2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

36.0

0.7

38.7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

75.4

5.5

0.0

1.4

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

38.8

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

84.4

4.8

0.0

1.5

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

–

C

5.1

C

1.7

C

C

3.4

C

C

C

C

C

–

C

4.5

0.0

4.1

C

0.1

4.9

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

7.8

C

3.0

C

0.1

C

C

0.1

0.0

C

C

C

C

46.1

42.7

57.5

55.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

35.5

2.4

46.1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

84.0

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

36.0

2.4

42.7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

–

C

C

C

C

C

42.4

0.8

57.5

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

43.2

0.9

55.3

C

C

C

81.1

100.8

99.6

Note:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

44

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 4

Table A4.11  Bulk supply of F-gases (tonnes)

Gas

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-143a

HFC-152a

HFC-227ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245fa

HFC-365mfc

HFC-43–10mee

PFC-14

PFC-116

PFC-218

PFC-c-318

PFC-3–1-10

PFC-5–1-14

SF6

HCFC-1233zd

HFC-1234yf

HFC-1234ze

HFC-1336mzz

HFE-449sl

HFE-569sf2

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro propanol

NF3

PFPMIE

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

2007

2008

2009

C

C

C

2010

299

2011

306

2012

137

2013

2014

2015

C

94

74

3 987

5 086

4 406

5 378

4 914

5 009

5 334

8 710

6 920

C

–

C

C

C

C

C

1

2

12 429

12 556

13 942

18 218

15 321

15 580

15 147

23 124

15 616

C

C

–

C

–

–

–

–

C

49 102

46 196

41 310

43 588

40 095

40 007

39 337

59 813

45 558

9 066

3 816

9 883

6 162

9 590

10 552

5 182

4 468

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

50

C

C

C

C

–

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

8 845

4 676

C

43

9 005

4 175

C

30

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

8 853

13 506

3 657

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

6 227

2 695

52

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

321

C

7 257

3 914

C

40

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

339

–

86 148

87 454

80 771

89 564

81 673

80 892

79 293

118 737

86 773

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

321

339

Total F-gases

88 257

89 712

82 447

91 389

83 464

82 625

80 967

121 739

91 168

Note:  

C: confidential, –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

45

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 4

Table A4.12  Bulk supply of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Gas

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-143a

HFC-152a

HFC-227ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245fa

HFC-365mfc

HFC-43-10mee

PFC-14

PFC-116

PFC-218

PFC-c-318

PFC-3-1-10

PFC-5-1-14

SF6

HCFC-1233zd

HFC-1234yf

HFC-1234ze

HFC-1336mzz

HFE-449sl

HFE-569sf2

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol

NF3

PFPMIE

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

C

2.7

C

C

3.4

–

C

3.0

C

4.4

3.6

C

4.5

3.3

C

2.0

3.4

C

C

3.6

C

1.4

5.9

0.0

1.1

4.7

0.0

43.5

43.9

48.8

63.8

53.6

54.5

53.0

80.9

54.7

C

70.2

40.5

0.5

C

66.1

44.2

0.8

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

–

59.1

42.9

0.6

C

C

C

C

0.1

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

62.3

47.2

0.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

–

57.3

39.5

0.6

C

0.4

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

–

57.2

40.3

0.5

C

0.3

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

–

56.3

39.6

0.5

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

–

85.5

60.4

0.8

8.7

0.5

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

5.5

C

C

65.1

32.4

0.5

C

0.4

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

n.a.

5.8

–

169.7

172.0

166.9

193.2

170.7

167.7

164.0

248.0

169.9

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

5.5

5.8

Total F-gases

214.0

218.5

202.1

231.0

207.9

204.2

200.4

274.1

200.8

Note:  

C, confidential; – , no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013). 

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

46

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex 4

Table A4.13 

Intended applications of bulk supply of F-gases (tonnes)

Intended application

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Refrigeration, air-conditioning, 
heating and other heat 
transfer fluids

Foams, incl. pre-blended 
polyols

61 510

58 862

58 479

65 852

60 913

58 506

59 069

89 984

68 930

13 971

15 284

11 697

11 358

9 232

8 524

8 202

12 960

9 556

Aerosols

8 997

11 131

8 402

Fire protection and solvents

874

647

693

Semiconductor, photovoltaics, 
electronics and electrical

1 323

1 723

1 153

9 474

1 881

1 555

7 790

10 931

2 759

1 588

1 746

1 530

9 689

1 622

1 490

8 875

2 283

1 661

8 937

1 307

1 434

Other or unknown applications

1 582

2 063

2 022

1 269

1 182

1 387

896

5 977

1 004

Total bulk supply

88 257

89 712

82 447

91 389

83 464

82 625

80 967

121 739

91 168

Note:  

Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting 
for the years 2007–2013. Data shown may not match the previous EEA report as the calculation methodology was updated (Annex 6).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Table A4.14 

Intended applications of bulk supply of F-gases (Mt CO2-eq.)

Intended application

Refrigeration, air-conditioning, 
heating and other heat 
transfer fluids

Foams, incl. pre-blended 
polyols

Aerosols

Fire protection and solvents

Semiconductor, photovoltaics, 
electronics and electrical

2007

139.0

2008

137.0

2009

139.1

2010

161.4

2011

143.5

2012

140.1

2013

140.7

2014

205.4

2015

145.9

13.3

12.9

9.8

10.4

6.5

6.1

5.9

11.6

7.1

12.2

4.4

28.8

14.5

3.3

35.6

11.1

3.5

24.2

12.5

7.9

32.5

9.8

10.2

33.5

14.1

6.4

33.1

12.7

3.0

33.4

11.6

7.3

23.2

12.4

3.8

26.3

Other or unknown applications

16.3

15.1

14.4

6.3

4.4

4.4

4.8

15.0

5.3

Total bulk supply

214.0

218.5

202.1

231.0

207.9

204.2

200.4

274.1

200.8

Note:  

Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting 
for the years 2007–2013. Data shown may not match the previous EEA report as the calculation methodology was updated (Annex 6). 
Feedstock use does not appear in this table as it is excluded from the scope of bulk supply.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

47

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 4

Table A4.15  Total supply of F-gases (tonnes)

Gas group

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

86 148

87 454

80 771

89 564

81 673

80 892

79 293 124 408

93 693

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

C

C

1 306

2 544

C

321

C

339

Total F-gases

Average GWP

88 257

89 712

82 447

91 389

83 464

82 625

80 967 127 547

98 359

2 425

2 435

2 451

2 528

2 490

2 471

2 475

2 241

2 181

Note:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Table A4.16  Total supply of F-gases (CO2-eq.)

Gas group

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

HFEs and alcohols

Other perfluorinated compounds

2007

169.7

2008

172.0

2009

166.9

2010

193.2

2011

170.7

2012

167.7

2013

164.0

2014

259.2

2015

183.3

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

C

C

0.0

C

5.5

C

C

0.0

C

5.8

Total F-gases

Average GWP

214.0

2 425

218.5

2 435

202.1

2 451

231.0

2 528

207.9

2 490

204.2

2 471

200.4

2 475

285.8

2 241

214.5

2 181

Note:  

C, confidential; –, no data reported; n.a., not applicable (Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' 
perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting for the years 2007–2013).

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

Table A4.17  Delivery of F-gases as single gases or mixtures

Gas/gas group

Tonnes

Mt CO2-eq.

2014

2015

2014

2015

Single gases HFC-134a

Other HFCs

PFCs and SF6

Annex II gases

R-404A

R-410A

Mixtures

Other mixtures containing HFCs

Other mixtures not containing HFCs

Total

63 403

22 488

1 590

2 309

20 048

15 455

16 052

7

141 352

38 891

13 352

2 506

3 642

10 361

12 236

12 849

5

93 843

90.7

53.3

30.1

5.6

78.6

32.3

35.9

0.1

55.6

26.4

50.3

5.3

40.6

25.5

24.2

0.0

326.5

228.0

Note:  

Annex II gases (unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, HFEs, and alcohols and 'other' perfluorinated compounds) were not subject to reporting 
for the years 2007–2013. The calculations, and hence totals, for market delivery differ from those for total supply. See Annex 6.

Sources:   EC, 2011; EEA, 2015 and 2016a.

48

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
Annex 5

Annex 5 

 Measures to protect confidential 
data

The new F-Gas regulation maintains the confidentiality 
provisions of the earlier Regulation, and the EEA 
continues to take appropriate steps to protect the 
confidentiality and prevent publication of commercially 
sensitive information. Article 19(8) of the new F-Gas 
Regulation states that the Commission shall take 
appropriate measures to protect the confidentiality of 
the information reported. Hence, the EEA, in agreement 
with the European Commission, has applied a number 
of rules to prevent the deduction of commercially 
sensitive information. These include:

 Application of a three-company group rule, 
whereby the data presented in the report must 
be the result of reporting by at least three 
company groups (i.e. corporate groups).

 Application of a 5 % significance rule, 
whereby company groups whose reported 
data add up to less than 5 % of the total 
amount reported for any data-point 
represented in the report, are ignored for 
counting under the three-company group rule. 

companies, they were considered as belonging to the 
same company group. Information on 2014 affiliations 
was also applied for the 2007–2013 period. Once 
company groups have been determined in this way, at 
least three of them must contribute to each reported 
value. 

5 % significance rule

As a second measure, company groups are only 
included in the above count if they contribute 
significantly to the reported value. This means that 
the smallest contributors up to an accumulated share 
of 5 % are not considered when applying the above 
three-company group rule. This ensures that at least 
three corporate entities contributed significantly to 
each reported transaction value.

Preventing deduction of sensitive data

Additional measures were applied to prevent deduction 
of confidential data. 

 Application of additional measures preventing 
the deduction of sensitive information.

All transactions

All measures apply both for amounts reported in metric 
tonnes and GWP tonnes. Each of the measures is 
explained in more depth below. These measures have 
been applied consistently for all the data presented in 
this report, thus covering the 2007–2014 period.

Three-company group rule

This measure concerns the treatment of data reported 
by different legal entities across the EU, which belong to 
the same company group. For that purpose, company 
groups are defined as 'one or more companies legally 
belonging to the same corporate group'. The agreed 
principle is that companies belonging to the same 
company group need to be seen as a single entity 
when it comes to confidentiality rules. During the 
2015 reporting, companies were invited to identify 
affiliates and thus increase the protection level of their 
data. Wherever affiliations were confirmed by both 

Deduction might be possible in cases where transaction 
data for certain substances or substance groups 
(i.e. HFCs or PFCs) remain confidential, yet data for 
other substances or substance groups, along with a 
total for the transaction in question, were published. 
Confidential data, which were in danger of such 
deduction, were protected by hiding additional data 
as confidential — although these additional values 
had been identified as non-confidential — so that at 
least values for three (or none) of the substances or 
substance groups were confidential in the published 
data for that transaction.

Aggregated transactions

Transaction data are hidden where other confidential 
transaction data could be implied from their 
publication. In order to understand this additional 
measure, it should be remembered that bulk supply 
of F-gases is a calculated transaction that involves 

49

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
 
Annex 5

Box A5.1   Applying the three-company group rule and the 5 % significance rule

Operationalisation of the combined three-company group rule and the 5 % significance rule

Step 1: All values reported by companies of a given company group for a given transaction year are summed for a given 
transaction and substance or substance group:

∑ Xi = X1 + X2 + ... Xn

Xi = individual reported value by a single reporting undertaking

∑ Xi = sum of individual reported values by reporting undertakings belonging to the same company group

Step 2: The sum of all absolute contributions (|∑ Xi|) across company groups is calculated. 

Step 3: The percentage share of (2) in relation to (3) is calculated for each company group:

% =

 |∑Xi| 
∑|∑Xi| 

Step 4: The company groups are sorted in ascending order of the percentages calculated in step 3.

Step 5: An accumulated percentage share is calculated across the sorted company groups.

Step 6: The number of company groups for which the accumulated share is larger than 5% is counted.

Where the count is one or two, the full aggregated value across company groups is hidden as it is confidential. 
Where the count is three or more, the full aggregated value across company groups is reported and thus not 
confidential.

production, import, export and other data for each 
substance or substance group. This rather complicated 
calculation can be simplified as:

Bulk supply = Production + Import – Export + Remainder

The remainder may appear irrelevant and a confidential 
value on e.g. production might be deductible based 
on non-confidential information on consumption, 

import and export. In such cases, data are published 
only where the remainder equalled or exceeded 5 % 
of the bulk supply. In cases where the remainder 
was below 5 %, and where one term (i.e. bulk supply, 
production, import or export) of the above equation 
was confidential according to the three-company rule 
and 5 % significance rule, a second term of the above 
equation was treated as confidential in order to prevent 
deduction.

50

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
Annex 6 

 Calculation methods

Annex 6

The codes [1A], [2A] etc. used in the following 
paragraphs refer to the codes of transactions used 
in the reporting questionnaire, outlined in Annex 7. 
The reporting questionnaire is the online rendering 
of the format and means reporting specified by 
the Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1191/2014. 
Companies submit their report using the electronic 
reporting tool provided by the EEA, accessible from the 
F-gas portal (https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ods2) on the 
website of the European Commission. The electronic 
reporting tool is part of the EEA's Business Data 
Repository (BDR) (http://bdr.eionet.europa.eu).

Calculation of EU supply

Total supply

'EU total supply' is a parameter that provides 
information on the actual use of F-gases by EU 
industries. 'EU total supply' is the sum of 'bulk supply' 
and 'supply in products/equipment'.

Bulk supply

The 'bulk supply' metric is focused on emission-relevant 
supplies of bulk gases to industries and thus does not 
cover supplies intended for feedstock or destruction. 
The formula for calculating bulk supply (BS) based 
on data reported under Article 19 of the new F-Gas 
Regulation reads as follows (the codes [1A], [2A], etc. 
used in the following paragraphs refer to the codes of 
transactions):

 bulk supply (BS) = (net) production 
[1E = 1A–1D] + full imports [2A] – full exports 
[3A] + 1 January stocks from own import/
production [4B] – 31 December stocks from 
own import/production [4G] + reclamation 
[4K] – intended application: destruction 
[6B] – feedstock use [7A]

Note that the calculation of 'bulk supply' is closely 
analogous to that of the 'net supply' metric that 
was used in previous EEA reports on F-gases. The 

calculation is based on 2007–2013 data reported under 
Article 6 of the 'old' F-Gas Regulation 842/2006. Thus, 
for bulk supply, a time series back to 2007 has been 
established.

Supply in products/equipment

The 'supply in products/equipment' (SPE) metric 
covers the amount of F-gases that are imported into 
the EU within products or equipment and placed on 
the market. As exports of F-gases within products and 
equipment are not systematically reported under the 
new F-Gas Regulation, no such exports are subtracted 
for the SPE metric. Thus the SPE metric covers imports 
only, and it is not intended to cover the net flows 
of F-gases within products or equipment across EU 
borders. SPE is calculated as the sum of all gases 
reported in section 11 of the reporting questionnaire.

In accordance with the logic of the supply metrics used 
in this report, gases contained in exported products or 
equipment are part of the gas demand of industries 
and are thus included in the total supply metric.

As reporting on imported products and equipment has 
been established with the new F-Gas Regulation for the 
first time, no time series for the years prior to 2014 can 
be established for SPE. Thus, no data for total supply 
for the period 2007–2013 can be calculated.

Intended applications of bulk supply

In section 6 of the reporting questionnaire, companies 
report on the intended applications of bulk gases 
supplied to the market [6X] in 22 categories. These bulk 
amounts [6X] are calculated as follows:

 6X = (net) production [1E = 1A–1D] + full 
imports [2A] – re-exports within products of 
own bulk imports [2B] – bulk re-exports of 
own imports [3B] + 1 January stocks from 
own import/production [4B] – 31 December 
stocks from own import/production 
[4G] + reclamation [4K]

51

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
Annex 6

Thus, the formulae for calculating 'bulk supply' and 
'[6X] amounts supplied to the market' differ in the way 
they account for re-exports and for amounts intended 
for destruction and feedstock, and the data reported 
by companies on intended applications do not match 
the scope of bulk supply.

gases are often blended into mixtures. Given the 
reporting scheme under the new F-Gas Regulation, 
it can be calculated whether amounts placed on the 
market are actually delivered to the customers as a 
mixture or as a single gas.

Estimating the intended applications of bulk supply, 
uses the following steps:

1.  per gas, determine the shares of each reported 
application in a subset of categories without 
Export (6A), Destruction (6B), Leakage (6U) and 
Accountancy adjustments (6V);

2.  assume leakage and accountancy adjustments in 
bulk supply to be equal to the amounts reported 
in section 6 and subtract those from total bulk 
supply;

3.  apply the shares determined in step 1 to the 

remainder of bulk supply;

4.  assign any remainder to the category 'Other or 

unknown applications' (6T).

Market deliveries as single gases or mixtures

Supply of F-gases is calculated at the level of single 
gases, as listed in Annex 1 or Annex 2, and then 
aggregated to the level of gas groups (e.g. HFCs or 
PFCs). However, before delivery of gases to customers, 

In section 1F, companies that perform blending of 
mixtures report on amounts of self-blended mixtures 
placed on the market (23). In section 1G, these 
companies additionally report if mixtures were used 
as input into the blending process. The exact share of 
mixtures feeding into the blending process of other 
mixtures is not reported, however. 

Blending from single gases is thus be approximated as 
follows for each EU blended mixture

 Blending from single gases = 1F – 1G/2

Using the information on the composition of mixtures, 
the quantities of blending from single gases can be 
converted into quantities of single gases used for 
blending.

The market delivery (MD) as single gases or mixtures of 
amounts physically placed on the market are calculated 
as follows:

 MD = 4M (physical placing on the market, bulk 
gases, as reported) – single gases used for 
blending + blending from single gases + 11Q 
(physical placing on the market, gases in 
products and equipment, as reported)

(23)  In this context, 'placing on the market' is to be understood as 'placing on the market as a mixture' and must not be double-counted with section 

4M (which reports on the placing on the market of single gases or mixtures that may be used by EU companies as input into the blending 
process).

52

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
Annex 7 

 BDR F-gas reporting form

Annex 7

The reporting format for submitting the F-gas reports 
under Article 19 of the new F-Gas Regulation is laid 
out in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
No 1191/2014. The contents of that Implementing 
Regulation were transformed into an online 
questionnaire on the BDR reporting platform at  
https://bdr.eionet.europa.eu.

Reportable information in the questionnaire applicable 
to reporting in 2016 on transactions in 2015 is 
structured as follows: the data are mandatory for 
every company that engages in the activities listed in 
Article 19 of the new F-Gas Regulation.

Cover sheet

On the cover sheet, companies give a full account of 
their up-to-date data as well as their activities during 
the reporting year, which may be one or more of the 
following:

Large companies with subsidiaries in several EU 
Member States are required to report separately 
for each country. To protect their data, companies 
may voluntarily list affiliated companies on the cover 
sheet, thus creating a 'company group'. Numbers for 
company groups are treated in aggregate when the 
confidentiality of figures is determined, decreasing 
the number of companies and thus increasing the 
likelihood that an aggregate figure turns out to be 
confidential under the rules detailed in Section 1.6.

Section 1 (producers only)

Section 1 contains data about production of F-gases 
and mixtures:

• 

total quantity of production (1A);

•  destroyed side-products, mandatory specification of 

destruction company (1B, 1C);

•  producer of HFCs or other F-gases;

•  sum of destroyed production (1D);

• 

importer of HFCs or other F-gases;

•  net production (1E = 1A minus 1D);

•  exporter of bulk gases;

•  production of mixtures (1F–1H);

•  EU feedstock user;

•  voluntary: sales and purchases on the market 

•  EU destruction company;

• 

importer of products or equipment containing 
Annex I or II F-Gases;

•  undertaking having given an authorisation to use its 

HFC quota to another undertaking.

(1I–1K).

From the data specified by the reporters, the total 
production available for sale (1E), relevant for 
calculating supply, is determined by subtracting 
destroyed side-products (1B, 1C) from total 
production (1A).

Depending on their activities, they specify one or more 
gases to report on, as well as mixtures if applicable. If 
necessary, companies can specify the composition of 
the custom mixtures they have used.

Section 2 (importers only)

•  Total imports of bulk gases (2A).

If none of these sections apply, companies may state 
that they are not obliged to report, skipping the 
quantitative part of the reporting process ('nil report').

• 

Imports that were destined for re-export contained 
in products or equipment and never released for 
free circulation in the EU (2B).

53

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 7

Section 3 (exporters only)

•  supply to other undertakings for re-export in bulk 

Section 3 contains data about bulk exports only. 
Exporters of products containing F-gases must not 
report here.

• 

total exports (3A);

• 

• 

thereof: amounts from own production or 
purchased amounts (3B);

thereof: determined amount of exports purchased 
in the Union (3C);

•  breakdown of destination of exports (recycling, 

reclamation, destruction) (3D–3F).

Section 4 (producers and importers)

Section 4 contains data on stocks of F-Gases and their 
sources.

(5C_exempted);

•  military equipment (5D);

•  semiconductor manufacturing (5E);

•  production of medical dose inhalers (5F).

From the values, the total amounts of HFCs supplied 
to exempted uses and the resulting quota need are 
determined (5G–5H). Reporters may voluntarily state 
their supply to other undertakings for production 
of equipment, which is destined for re-export (5C_
voluntary); however, this figure does not feed into 
the total amount for exempted uses. If reporters do 
specify exempted uses, they are required to confirm 
in section 9 that the report must be verified according 
to Article 19 of the Regulation and agree to make 
that verification report available on request to the 
Commission and/or competent authorities.

•  1 January stocks (4A) and breakdown by source and 

Section 6 (producers and importers)

previous status of free circulation (4B–4E);

•  31 December stocks (4F) and breakdown by source 

and previous status of free circulation (4G–4J);

• 

reclaimed and recycled amounts (4K, 4L).

From the data provided on production, imports, 
exports, and stocks, the total amount physically placed 
on the market by the reporter (4M) is determined using 
the formula:

 4M = Net production (1E) + Total imports (2A) 
– Imports for reexport (2B)  
– Export of own production (3B)  
+ 1 January stocks previously not placed on the 
market (4C)  
– 31 December stocks previously not placed on 
the market (4D)

Section 6 contains a breakdown of the intended 
applications of the total amounts supplied to the EU 
market by the reporting company. In this section, 
companies must account for the full amount as 
determined by the formula:

 6X = Net production (1E) + Total imports (2A) – 
Imports for reexport (2B)  
– Export of own production (3B)  
+ 1 January stocks of own production (4B)  
– 31 December stocks of own production (4G) – 
Own reclamation (4K)

Note that this formula differs from the placing on the 
market determination in Section 4 in the method of 
correction for stocks. The full list of applications is:

•  export (in bulk, not in equipment or smaller 

packages);

Section 5 (producers and importers of HFCs)

•  destruction;

Section 5 contains data about quantities of HFCs 
imported for uses exempted under the F-Gas 
Regulation, Article 15(2). For all these transactions, 
trade partners must be specified and uses broken 
down by company:

•  military equipment;

• 

refrigeration, air-conditioning and heating;

•  other heat transfer fluids;

•  destruction (5A);

• 

foams;

• 

feedstock applications (5B);

•  production of pre-blended polyols, e. g. for PU 

foam;

54

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015 
 
• 

fire protection;

•  aerosols — medical dose inhalers;

•  aerosols — other uses;

•  solvents;

• 

feedstock;

•  semiconductor manufacture;

•  photovoltaics manufacture;

•  other electronics manufacture;

•  electrical equipment;

•  particle accelerators;

•  magnesium die casting operations;

•  anaesthetics;

•  other or unknown application;

• 

leakage during storage, transport or transfer.

Section 7 (feedstock users) 

Annex 7

Section 10 (Producers and importers who received their 
quota through the New Entrants Reserve) 

In section 10, companies specify physical supplies of 
F-Gases, accompanying authorisations as reported in 
section 9A. Reporters specify each recipient and are 
required to supplement proof of delivery (receipts etc.) 
for each one. This reporting section applies only to 
companies that received their HFC quota fully based on 
a declaration according to Article 16(2) of the new F-Gas 
Regulation, and was used for the first time in 2016.

Section 11 (importers of equipment containing F-gases)

Section 11 contains a detailed breakdown of the types 
of equipment imported by the reporting company. It 
differentiates between:

•  equipment for refrigeration, air conditioning, and 
heat pumps ('RACHP') containing HFCs in lines 
11A–11G;

•  other types of equipment (11H–11P).

The total content is found in line 11Q.

For each type of equipment, users must specify the:

• 

total quantity of equipment expressed in a suitable 
unit;

Section 7 (feedstock users) contains the amount of gas 
used as feedstock by the undertaking itself (7A).

• 

total amount of F-gases contained therein.

Section 8 (destruction companies)

Section 8 contains data on destruction during the 
reporting year using different methods (8A–8D) as well 
as stocks intended for destruction (8E, 8F).

From these numbers, specific charges per piece of 
equipment are determined. Where equipment does 
not fall into pre-defined categories, users must report 
them in the respective 'Other' sections and provide a 
description of the equipment (11A3, 11D, 11E4, 11F9, 
11H4, 11P) and/or the intended use of the equipment 
(11A9, 11A12, 11B3, 11B5, 11B7, 11B9, 11D). The full list 
of categories is contained in Table A7.1.

Section 9 (producers and importers)

In 2016, companies report for the first time on 
authorisations they have issued to third parties to use 
their HFC quota, specifying each recipient in section 9A. 
This reporting section was used in 2016 for the first time.

Sections 12 and 13

Sections 12 and 13 will be applied for the first time in 
2018, when reporting on 2017 is done.

55

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 7

Table A7.1 

Full list of equipment categories for reporting

Code

Description

11A

11A1

11A2

11A3

11A4

11A5

11A6

11A7

11A8

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling or heating

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, direct design: Standalone/monobloc units of moveable type

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, direct design: standalone/monobloc units of rooftop type 

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, direct design: standalone/monobloc units of other type 

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, direct design: single split units charged with 3 kilograms or more of 
refrigerant

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, direct design: single split units charged with less than 3 kilograms of 
refrigerant

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, direct design: multi split units

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, indirect design: standalone/monobloc units for domestic use

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, indirect design: standalone/monobloc units for commercial or industrial 
use

11A9

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, indirect design: standalone/monobloc units for other use 

11A10

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, indirect design: split units for domestic use

11A11

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, indirect design: split units for commercial or industrial use 

11A12

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, indirect design: split units for other use

11A13

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, both direct and indirect: standalone/monobloc units

11A14

Stationary equipment for comfort cooling/heating, both direct and indirect: split units

11B

11B1

11B2

11B3

11B4

11B5

11B6

11B7

11B8

11B9

Stationary equipment for refrigeration

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, direct design: standalone/monobloc units for domestic use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, direct design: standalone/monobloc units for commercial or industrial use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, direct design: standalone/monobloc units for other use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, direct design: split units for commercial or industrial use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, direct design: split units for other use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, indirect design: standalone/monobloc units for commercial or industrial use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, indirect design: standalone/monobloc units for other use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, indirect design: split units for commercial or industrial use

Stationary equipment for refrigeration in indirect design: split units for other use

11B10

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, both direct and indirect: standalone/monobloc units

11B11

Stationary equipment for refrigeration, both direct and indirect: split units

11B12

Stationary equipment for process cooling or heating in direct design

11B13

Stationary equipment for process cooling or heating in indirect design

11B14

Stationary equipment for process cooling or heating, both direct and indirect

Heat pump tumble dryers

Stationary heating/air conditioning including heat pumps as well as refrigeration (HACR) equipment for any other 
purposes

Stationary HACR equipment for any other purposes, direct design

Stationary HACR equipment for any other purposes, indirect design

Stationary HACR equipment for any other purposes, both direct and indirect

Mobile refrigeration equipment

Mobile refrigeration equipment for refrigerated light duty vehicles (e.g. vans)

Mobile refrigeration equipment for refrigerated heavy duty vehicles (including trucks and trailers)

Mobile refrigeration equipment for refrigerated ships

Any other mobile refrigeration equipment

11C

11D

11D1

11D2

11D3

11E

11E1

11E2

11E3

11E4

56

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015Annex 7

Table A7.1 

Full list of equipment categories for reporting (cont.)

Code

Description

11F

11F1

11F2

11F3

11F4

11F5

11F6

11F7

11F8

11F9

11G

11H

11H1

11H2

11H3

11H4

11I

11J

11K

11L

11M

11N

11O

11P

11Q

Mobile air conditioning equipment 

Mobile air conditioning equipment for passenger cars

Mobile air conditioning equipment for buses

Mobile air conditioning equipment for vans (light duty vehicles)

Mobile air conditioning equipment for trucks and trailers (heavy duty vehicles)

Mobile air conditioning equipment for agricultural, forestry and construction vehicles and machinery

Mobile air conditioning equipment for rail vehicles

Mobile air conditioning equipment for ships

Mobile air conditioning equipment for aircrafts and helicopters

Any other mobile air conditioning equipment

Total refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment 

Foam products

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) (e. g. for insulation boards)

Polyurethane (PU) (e. g. for insulation boards)

One component foam (OCF)

Other foam products

Fire protection equipment (including systems incorporated in vehicles) 

Medical or pharmaceutical aerosols

Non-medical aerosols

Medical equipment (without aerosols)

Switch gear for transmission and distribution of electricity

Other electrical transmission and distribution equipment

Particle accelerators

Other products and equipment containing gases listed in Annex I or Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

Total of products and equipment containing fluorinates gases listed in Annex I or Annex II of Regulation (EU) 
No 517/2014

Source:   EU, 2014a.

57

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015European Environment Agency

Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2015

2016 — 57 pp. — 21 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 978-92-9213-837-0
doi:10.2800/079713

HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS

Free publications:

•  one copy: 

via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu);

•  more than one copy or posters/maps: 

from the European Union's representations (http://ec.europa.eu/represent_en.htm); 
from the delegations in non-EU countries (http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/index_en.htm);  
by contacting the Europe Direct service (http://europa.eu/europedirect/index_en.htm) or calling 
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) (*).

(*)  The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you).

Priced publications:

• 

via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu).

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European Environment Agency
Kongens Nytorv 6
1050 Copenhagen K
Denmark

Tel.: +45 33 36 71 00
Web: eea.europa.eu
Enquiries: eea.europa.eu/enquiries