Insolvency : report.
Date: 2016-12-09
Institutions: Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers
Subjects: European company, claim, cross-border cooperation, exchange of information, financial solvency, foreign enterprise, international law - national law, judicial cooperation in civil matters in the EU, judicial proceedings, report, sample survey

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Insolvency 

Fieldwork 
June 2016 
Publication 
November 2016 

Survey requested by the European Commission,  
Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers 
and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication 

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. 
The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors. 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 – TNS Political & Social 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Insolvency 

November 2016 

Survey conducted by TNS political & social at the request of the European Commission, 
Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers 

Survey co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication 
(DG COMM “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Project number 
Project title 

Linguistic version 
Catalogue number 
ISBN 

© European Union, 2016 

2016.6563 
Flash Eurobarometer 442 - November 2016 
“Insolvency” 
Report 
EN 
DS-04-16-850-EN-N 
978-92-79-62364-6 
doi:10.2838/05518 

http://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/PublicOpinion 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

KEY FINDINGS 

I. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEBT CLAIMS 

1	 DEBT CLAIMS IN EU COUNTRIES 

a.	 Debt claims in the EU per country of debtors 

b.	 EU companies’ debt claims duration 

2	 OVERDUE DEBT CLAIMS IN EU COUNTRIES 

a.	 Overdue debt claims by location of debtors 

b.	 EU companies’ overdue debt claims by duration 

3	 SHARE OF FOREIGN DEBT CLAIMS IN 2015 TURNOVER 

II. RECOVERY OF UNPAID DEBT CLAIMS 

1	 HOW EASY IS IT TO RECOVER UNPAID DEBT CLAIMS? 

a.	 Domestic debt claims 

b.	 Foreign debt claims 

2	 ACTIONS TAKEN TO RECOVER UNPAID DEBT CLAIMS 

a.	 Enforcement of unpaid debt claims 

b.	 Enforcement of foreign unpaid debt claims 

III. INSOLVENCY AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROSPECTS 

1	 RIGHTS AGAINST THE DEBTOR AND DOING BUSINESS ABROAD 

a.	 Companies with foreign debt claims 

2	 ACCESS TO INFORMATION ABOUT RIGHTS AGAINST THE DEBTOR ABROAD 

a.	 Companies with foreign debt claims 

3	 OBSTACLES TO INVESTMENT AND TRADING ABROAD 

a.	 Companies with foreign debt claims 

ANNEXES 

Technical specifications 

Questionnaire 

Tables  

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Insolvency 

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INTRODUCTION 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Increasingly, European companies and individuals are establishing businesses or acquiring economic 
interests  beyond  the  borders  of  the  country  where  they  have  their  core  activities.  Although  this 
provides  greater  opportunities,  it  has  the  potential  to  pose  risks  to  the  functioning  of  the  internal 
market – for instance if these businesses become insolvent1.  

Since  2000,  there  have  been  common  rules  in  place  to  manage  cross-border  insolvency 
proceedings,  with  the  aim  of  avoiding  the  transfer  of  assets  or  judicial  proceedings  from  one  EU 
country to another to obtain a more favourable legal position to the detriment of the general body 
of creditors (forum shopping). The European Commission has recently updated those rules with the 
adoption of the recast Insolvency Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament 
and  of  the  Council  of  20  May  2015  on  insolvency  proceedings).  This  instrument,  which  will  be 
effective  from  26  June  2017  aims  to  improve  the  efficiency  and  effectiveness  of  insolvency 
proceedings with a cross-border dimension. 

On  12  March  2014  the  Commission  issued  a  Recommendation  to  develop  new  approaches  to 
protecting  the  rights  of  creditors  and  to  assisting  businesses  in  financial  difficulty.  The  current 
Insolvency Initiative will follow up this Recommendation and will lead to a new legislative proposal 
on restructuring and second chance by the end of 2016. 

As  well  as  conducting  public  consultations,  the  Directorate  General  –  Justice  and  Consumers 
commissioned  this  survey  of  businesses  to  explore  the  issues  around  cross  border  debt.  Topics 
covered include: 

§ 

§ 

the proportion of companies with domestic or foreign debt in the 2015 fiscal year, 

the proportion of foreign debt in 2015 turnover, 

§  how easy it is to recover domestic and foreign debt, 

§ 

§ 

the use of judicial and non-judicial procedures to enforce unpaid debt claims, 

the influence of rights against foreign debtors on decisions to invest in or trade with foreign 
firms, 

§  potential obstacles to investing in or trading with foreign firms. 

The  survey  was  carried  out  by  TNS  Political  &  Social  network  in  the  28  Member  States  of  the 
European  Union  between  15  and  24  June  2016.  Some  13,128  interviews  were  conducted  among 
enterprises  employing  one  or  more  persons  in  manufacturing  (NACE  category  C),  services  (NACE 
categories G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N) and industry (NACE categories B, D, E, F). The sample was selected 
from an international database, with an additional sample from local sources where necessary. 

Interviews  were  conducted  with  key  company  decision-makers  over  the  telephone  in  their  mother 
tongue  on  behalf  of  the  European  Commission,  DG  JUST.  The  methodology  used  is  that  of 
Eurobarometer  surveys  as  carried  out  by  the  Directorate-General  for  Communication  (“Strategy, 
Corporate  Communication  Actions  and  Eurobarometer”  Unit)2.  A  technical  note  on  the  manner  in 
which  interviews  were  conducted  by  the  Institutes  within  the  TNS  Political  &  Social  network  is 
appended  as  an  annex  to  this  report.  Also  included  are  the  interview  methods  and  confidence 
intervals3. 

1 http://ec.europa.eu/justice/civil/commercial/insolvency/index_en.htm  
2	http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm 
3	The results tables are included in the annex. It should be noted that the total of the percentages in the tables 
of this report may exceed 100% when the respondent had the possibility of giving several answers to the question.	

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Note: In this report, countries are referred to by their official abbreviation. The abbreviations used in 
this report correspond to: 

Belgium 
Bulgaria 
Czech Republic 
Denmark  
Germany 
Estonia 
Ireland 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Croatia 
Italy 
Republic of Cyprus 
Latvia 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY * 
LV 

Lithuania 
Luxembourg  
Hungary 
Malta 
The Netherlands 
Austria 
Poland 
Portugal  
Romania 
Slovenia 
Slovakia 
Finland 
Sweden 
United Kingdom 

LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK  

European Union – weighted average for the 
28 Member States 

EU28 

* Cyprus as a whole is one of the 28 European Union Member States. However, the ‘acquis communautaire’ 
has been suspended in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government of the Republic of 
Cyprus.  For  practical  reasons,  only  the  interviews  carried  out  in  the  part  of  the  country  controlled  by  the 
government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the ‘CY’ category and in the EU28 average. 

We wish to thank the companies throughout the European Union 

who have given their time to take part in this survey. 

Without their active participation, this study would not have been possible. 

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KEY FINDINGS 

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Report 

DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEBT CLAIMS 

§ 

Just  over  two-thirds  of  companies  had  debt  claims  on  domestic  debtors  during  the  2015 
fiscal year (68%), while almost one in five (17%) had debt claims on foreign debtors during 
this period. 

§  More than one in four companies had overdue domestic debt claims in 2015 (43%) while 9% 

had overdue foreign debt claims. 

§  Half (50%) of all companies with foreign debtors say foreign debt claims represented at least 

6% of their 2015 turnover. 

RECOVERY OF UNPAID DEBT CLAIMS 

§ 

Just  over  half  of  companies  with  domestic  debtors  say  it  was  easy  to  recover  unpaid 
domestic debt claims in 2015 (54%). 

§  More  than  two-thirds  of  companies  with  foreign  debtors  say  it  was  easy  to  recover  unpaid 

foreign debt claims in 2015 (69%). 

§  Approaching  a  quarter  of  companies  with  domestic  debtors  enforced  unpaid  debt  via  a 
judicial or out-of-court procedure (23%), while 10% of companies with foreign debtors did so. 

INSOLVENCY AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROSPECTS 

§  Almost one-third of companies say it is likely that decisions to invest in or trade with foreign 
companies  would  depend  on  their  rights  against  debtors  in  other  countries  (32%).  Among 
companies with foreign debtors, this figure increases to 47%.  

§  More  than  one-third  of  companies  expect  it  would  be  easy  to  find  out  about  their  rights 

against debtors in the debtor’s country (37%).  

§  A  lack  of  knowledge  of  foreign  law  is  the  most  commonly  identified  potential  obstacle  to 

investing in or trading with foreign firms (47%). 

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I.  DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEBT CLAIMS 

1  Debt claims in EU countries  

All  companies  were  asked  whether  they  had  any  domestic  or  foreign  debtors  in  the  fiscal  year 
2015, and for how long they had had these debt claims.   This chapter will first focus on the overall 
proportions  of  companies  with  domestic,  foreign  and  no  debtors  and  will  then  consider  in  detail 
each type of debtor and debt duration  at the EU and national level. 

a.  Debt claims in the EU per country of debtors  

- A majority of companies had debt claims on domestic debtors during the 2015 fiscal 
year. Around one in five had claims on foreign debtors - 

Nearly seven in ten companies had debt claims on domestic debtors in 2015 (68%), while 17% had 
debt claims on foreign debtors4.  

In  closer  detail,  more  than  half  of  all  companies  had  domestic  debt  claims  only  (53%),  15%  had 
domestic and foreign debt claims, and just 2% had foreign debt claims only during the 2015 fiscal 
year.  

Three in ten companies had no debtors during that period (30%). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

4 Q1 Thinking of your company’s debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…1.1 Domestic debtors; 1.2 
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland; 1.3 Foreign debtors in other countries.  Yes, but all 
debt claims were within 30 days; Yes, and you had debt claims past 30 days but less than 6 months; Yes and you had debt claims at 6 
months or more; o; DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT) 

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Companies in Estonia (70%), the Netherlands (66%) and Finland (64%) are the most likely to have 
had only domestic debt claims in the 2015 fiscal year. This compares with less than four in ten 
companies in the United Kingdom (30%), Bulgaria (33%) and Luxembourg (37%). 

Fewer than one in ten companies in Luxembourg (7%) and Malta and Cyprus (both 6%) had  only 
foreign debt claims in the 2015 fiscal year. Almost no companies in Ireland, Spain and Portugal 
(all 0%) say they had foreign debt claims only. 

More than four in ten companies in Slovenia (43%) and Luxembourg (42%), and 30% in Austria say 
they had both domestic and foreign debt claims. At the opposite end of the scale, companies in 
Bulgaria  (3%),  the  United  Kingdom  (4%)  and  Slovakia  (5%)  are  the  least  likely  to  have  had  both 
domestic and foreign claims. In three Member States companies were most likely to have had no 
debt  claims:  the  United  Kingdom  (65%),  Bulgaria  (61%)  and  Slovakia  (55%).  Companies  in 
Slovenia, the Netherlands (both 7%) and Estonia (8%) are the least likely to say they had no debt 
claims in the 2015 fiscal year. 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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We now turn to the proportions of companies with domestic debtors and foreign debtors. 

In 25 Member States an absolute majority of companies had domestic debtors. At least nine in ten 
companies in Estonia, the Netherlands and Slovenia (all three 90%) had domestic debtors. The only 
three  countries  where  the  majority  of  companies  did  not  have  domestic  debtors  are  the  United 
Kingdom (34%), Bulgaria (36%) and Slovakia (43%). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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Companies in Luxembourg (49%), Slovenia (45%) and Austria (31%) are the most likely to have had 
debt  claims  on  foreign  debtors  in  2015.  However,  less  than  one  in  ten  companies  in  the  United 
Kingdom (5%), Bulgaria (6%) and Slovakia, Portugal, Poland and Spain (all 7%) did so. 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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b.  EU companies’ debt claims duration 

This subchapter will focus on a detailed analysis at the EU and country level of each type of debtor 
and the debt duration. 

Overall, nearly seven in ten companies had domestic debtors (69%)5 in 2015. Most of their debt 
claims  were  overdue,  meaning  that  they  were  past  thirty  days  (43%).  More  than  a  quarter  of 
companies (28%) had domestic debtors with debt claims past 30 days but less than 6 months 
and less than one in six companies had domestic debtors with debt claims at 6 months or more 
(15%). Just over a quarter of companies (26%) had domestic debtors with debt claims within 30 
days while three in ten companies had no domestic debtors during the 2015 fiscal year (30%). 

Less  than  one  in  six  companies  had  foreign  debtors  in  the  European  Union,  Iceland, 
Lichtenstein,  Norway  or  Switzerland  during  the  2015  fiscal  year  (14%).  For  7%,these  debt 
claims  were  all  within  30  days,  while  6%  had  overdue  claims  past  30  days  but  less  than  6 
months and only 1% had debt claims in these countries at 6 months or more (1%). However, the 
large  majority  of  companies  (85%)  had  no  debt  claims  in  the  European  Union,  Iceland, 
Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland during the 2015 fiscal year. 

Less  than  one  in  ten  companies  (8%)  had  foreign  debtors  in  countries  outside  the  European 
Economic Area6 during the 2015 fiscal year, with 4% of debt claims within 30 days, 3% past 30 
days  but  less  than  6  months  and  only  1%  at  6  months  or  more.  More  than  nine  in  ten 
companies (91%) had no debt claims in countries outside the European Economic Area in the last 
fiscal year (2015). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

5 Due to the rounding rules, the percentage presented here for companies with domestic debtors is 69%, while in the previous section 
this percentage is given as 68%. The base size of companies with domestic debt is (8971 out of 13128 companies interviewed). 
6 This  is  the  area  in  which  the  Agreement  on  the  European  Economic  Area  (EEA)  provides  for  the free  movement of  persons,  goods, 
services and capital within the European Single Market. It comprises the European Union countries plus Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway and 
Switzerland. 

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In 25 Member States, an absolute majority of companies had domestic debtors.  

In Estonia (67%) and Denmark (55%), the majority of companies had domestic debtors, but all of 
their  debt  claims  were  within  30  days,  compared  with  4%  of  companies  in  Slovakia  and  7%  of 
companies in Bulgaria and Malta.  

Almost half of companies in Greece (49%) and 44% of companies in Malta in Italy had domestic 
debt claims past 30 days, but less than 6 months. In comparison, only 11% of companies in 
Bulgaria, 14% in Estonia and 15% in Denmark had domestic debt claims of this duration. 

The countries with the highest percentage of domestic debtors with debt claims at 6 months 
or  more  are  Malta  (31%),  Slovenia  (27%)  and  Croatia  (24%).  No  more  than  one  in  twenty 
companies in Italy (2%), Denmark (3%) and Sweden (5%) had domestic debt claims at 6 months or 
more. In the United Kingdom and Bulgaria (both 63%) and Slovakia (56%), majority of companies 
had no domestic debtors at all.  

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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Only a minority of companies in each Member State had foreign debtors in the European Economic 
Area during the 2015 fiscal year.  

In  Slovenia,  29%  of  companies  had  foreign  debtors  in  the  EEA  with  debt  claims  within  30 
days, as did 19% of companies in Luxembourg and 17% of companies in Denmark. In the United 
Kingdom, Bulgaria, Portugal and Slovakia only 1% of companies did so.  

Luxembourg (17%), Malta (13%) and Slovenia (11%) had the highest proportions of companies with 
foreign debtors in the EEA with debt claims past 30 days but less than 6 months.  

Throughout the Member States, no more than one in fifteen companies had foreign debt claims 
in  the  EEA  at  6  months  or  more. In Luxembourg and Malta, 7% of companies had such debts, 
while in the majority of Member States a very small proportion of companies did so (0%-2%).  

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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Only  a  small  minority  of  companies  in  each  Member  State  had  foreign  debtors  outside  the  EEA 
during the 2015 fiscal year.  

In Slovenia (18%), almost one in five companies had foreign debtors outside the EEA with debt 
claims within 30 days, as did 12% of companies in Luxembourg. In all other Member States the 
proportions of companies with such debts do not rise above 10%. 

Around one in ten companies in Luxembourg (12%) and Malta (8%) had foreign debtors outside 
the EEA with debt claims past 30 days but less than 6 months.  

Malta  (5%)  is  also  the  country  with  the  highest  percentage  of  companies  with  foreign  debtors 
outside the EEA with debt claims at 6 months or more.  

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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The  graphic  below  illustrates  the  distribution  of  debt  claims  in  those  companies  that  reported 
having debtors.  

For companies with domestic debtors, the highest proportion (41%) of domestic debt claims was 
past  30  days  but  less  than  6  months.  Around  one  in  five  (21%)  of  these  claims  were  at  6 
months  or  more.  Almost  four  in  ten  of  these  companies  (38%)  had  domestic  debtors  with  debt 
claims within 30 days.  

The  majority  (52%)  of  the  debt  claims  on  foreign  debtors  in  the  European  Union,  Iceland, 
Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland were within 30 days. Almost four in ten (38%) of these 
debt claims were past 30 days but less than 6 months, while only 10% were past 6 months 
or more. 

Almost  half  (49%)  of  the  debt  claims  on  foreign  debtors  in  countries  outside  the  European 
Economic Area were within 30 days, 37% were past 30 days but less than 6 months, while 
14% were at 6 months or more.  

Base: Item1: Companies with domestic debtors (N=8,970) 
Base: Item2: Companies with foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland 
(N=1,857) 
Base: Item3: Companies with foreign debtors in other countries (N=1,111) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this restricted target. 

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A review of the analysis of company characteristics highlights the following differences:  

§  Companies  with  10-249  employees  are  the  most  likely  to  have  had  debt  claims  from 
domestic  debtors  in  2015  (80%-84%),  compared  with  the  smallest  companies  (67%)7.  The 
smallest companies are the most likely to have had no debtors (31% vs 13%-18%). 

§  Manufacturing companies are the most likely to have had domestic (73%) or foreign (24%) 

debt claims.  

§  The older the company, the more likely it is to have had either domestic debtors (70%-65% 
versus 50%) or foreign debtors (13%-18%), while those established after 2015 are the most 
likely to have no  debtors (48% vs. 29%-31%). 

§  The larger a company’s turnover, the more likely they are to have had foreign debtors: 9% of 
companies with the smallest turnover had foreign debtors in the 2015 fiscal year, compared 
to 40% of those with the highest turnover.  

Q1T

Thinking of your company's
fiscal	year	2015,	did	your	company	have	any…	
(%	-	EU)

debt claims during the last

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b
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68

67
80
84
82

73
67
70

70
65
50

59
75
80
81

73
68
66

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17

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28
45
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24
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9
16
26
40

21
17
14

EU28

Company	size

1-9
10-49
50-249
250	or	more

Sectors	grouped		(NACE)

Manufacturing	(C)
Services	(G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N)
Industry	(B/D/E/F)

Company	age

Before	2010
Between	2010	and	2015
After	2015

Company's	turnover	in	2015

Up	to	100	000	euros
More	than	100	000	to	500	000	euros
More	than	500	000	to	2	mil.	euros
More	than	2	mil.	euros

Company's	turnover	since	2015

Risen	by	5%	or	more
Remained	approx.	the	same
Fallen	by	5%	or	more

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

7
 Due to low base size, companies with 250+ employees are not included in the analysis. 

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2  Overdue debt claims in EU countries 

We continue our analysis of debt claims in the fiscal year 2015 by examining those companies that 
reported  overdue  claims,  namely  those  past  the  first  30  days.  As  in  the  previous  chapter,  the 
analysis  will  first  focus  on  the  overall  proportions  of  companies  with  overdue  debt  claims  on 
domestic and foreign debtors and will address the question of debtor type and debt duration at EU 
level and country levels for these overdue claims. 

a.  Overdue debt claims by location of debtors 

- Almost half the companies had overdue debt claims during the 2015 fiscal year - 

More than four in ten companies had overdue debt claims during the 2015 fiscal year (45%). These 
companies were most likely to have had only domestic debtors (36%).  

Overall, just under one in ten companies (9%) had overdue debt claims on foreign debtors: 7% had 
overdue claims on both domestic and foreign debtors and just 2% only had such claims on foreign 
debtors.  

The majority of companies (55%), however, had overdue debt claims in 2015. 

Q1TT

Thinking	of	your	company's	debt	claims	during	the	last	fiscal	year	2015,	did	your	company	have	any…
(%	-	EU)

No	overdue	debt	
claims
55

Overdue	debt	claims	
only	on	domestic	
debtors
36

Overdue	debt	claims	only	
on	foreign	debtors
2

Overdue	debt	claims	on	
domestic	and	foreign	debtors
7

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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At  least  half  of  all  companies  in  Malta  (60%),  Greece  (59%)  and  Croatia  (54%)  mention  only 
domestic  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims,  compared  with  no  more  than  one  in  five  in 
Denmark (10%), Sweden (16%) and Estonia (20%). 

Very few companies only had foreign debtors with overdue debt claims. These companies were 
most  likely  to  be  found  in  Luxembourg  (12%),  Malta  (7%)  and  Austria,  Hungary,  Lithuania  and 
Cyprus  (all  4%).  No  such  companies  were  found  in  Ireland  or  Portugal  (both  0%).  All  other  the 
Member States were within one percentage point of the EU average (2%). 

Companies in Luxembourg (16%) are the most likely to have had overdue debt  claims  on  both 
foreign  and  domestic  debtors  in  the  2015  fiscal  year,  followed  by  companies  in  Malta  (15%) 
and Slovenia (14%). Companies in the United Kingdom, Bulgaria and Finland (all 2%) are the least 
likely to have had both foreign and domestic overdue debt. 

In 19 countries, the majority of companies had no  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims. At least 
three-quarters of companies in Denmark (79%), Sweden (77%) and the United Kingdom (75%) had 
no overdue debts in 2015, compared with 18%  in Malta, 31% in Greece and 34% in Slovenia. 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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A majority of companies had overdue debt claims on domestic debtors  in nine Member States, 
led by Malta (75%), Greece (67%), and Slovenia and Croatia (both 63%). Fewer than a quarter did 
so in Denmark (18%), Sweden (21%) and Estonia (24%).  

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

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Far  fewer  companies  had  foreign  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  in  the  2015  fiscal  year. 
Businesses in Luxembourg (28%), Malta (22%) and Slovenia (17%) are the most likely to have had 
overdue  foreign  debt  claims,  while  those  in  the  United  Kingdom  (3%),  Spain  (4%),  and  Bulgaria, 
Poland and Portugal (all 5%) are the least likely to have done so. 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

18 

 
 
  
 
 
	
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

b.  EU companies’ overdue debt claims by duration 

This  subchapter  will  focus  on  a  detailed  EU  and  national-level  analysis  of  debtor  type  and  debt 
duration for overdue debt claims. 

Just over four in ten companies had domestic  debtors  with  overdue debt  claims in the 2015 
fiscal year (43%). Just over three-quarters had debt claims that were past 30 days but less than 6 
months  (28%),  while  15%  had  claims  at  6  months  or  more.  However,  the  majority  of  companies 
had no domestic debtors with overdue debt claims during the 2015 fiscal year (56%). 

Less  than  one  in  ten  companies  had  foreign  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  in  the  European 
Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland during the 2015 fiscal year (7%). Almost 
all of these were debt claims past 30 days but less than 6 months (6%), while just 1% had  debt 
claims at 6 months or more. However, the large majority of companies had no foreign debtors with 
overdue debt claims in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (92%). 

Less  than  one  in  twenty  companies  had  foreign  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  in  other 
countries  (4%):  3%  had  claims  past  30  days  but  less  than  6  months,  and  1%  had  claims  at  6 
months or more. However, almost all companies had no foreign debtors with overdue debt claims in 
other countries in the last fiscal year (2015) (95%). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

19 

 
 
  
 
 
	
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

In  2015,  at  least  half  of  all  companies  had  domestic  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  in  nine 
countries, led by Malta (75%), Greece (67%), and Slovenia and Croatia (both 63%). At the other end 
of the scale, less than a quarter of companies in Denmark (18%), Sweden (21%) and Estonia (24%) 
did so.  

In  more  detail,  companies  are  the  most  likely  to  have  had  domestic  debtors  with  overdue  debt 
claims past 30 days but less than 6 months in Greece (49%) and Malta and Italy (both 44%), 
and least likely to have done so in Bulgaria (11%), Estonia (14%) and Denmark (15%). 

Companies  in  Malta  (31%),  Slovenia  (27%)  and  Croatia  (24%)  are  the  most  likely  to  have  had 
domestic  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  at  6  months  or  more;  companies  in  Italy  (2%), 
Denmark (3%) and Sweden (5%) had fewest such debtors. 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

20 

 
 
  
 
 
	
	
 
 
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Less  than  a  quarter  of  companies  in  any  Member  State  had  foreign  debtors  with  overdue  debt 
claims  in  the  European  Union,  Iceland,  Lichtenstein,  Norway  or  Switzerland  during  the  2015  fiscal 
year. These were most likely to be found  in Luxembourg (24%), Malta (20%) and  Slovenia (14%), 
while the proportions were lowest  in the United Kingdom (2%), and Spain and Portugal (both 3%).  

Companies in Luxembourg (17%), Malta (13%) and Slovenia (11%) are the most likely to have had 
claims  past  30  days  but  less  than  6  months  in  these  countries,  while  those  in  the  United 
Kingdom and Portugal (both 2%), and Bulgaria, Poland, Spain, Latvia and Slovakia (all 3%) are the 
least likely to have done so. 

Less than one in ten companies in Luxembourg and Malta (both 7%) and Hungary (5%) had overdue 
debt  claims  at  6  months  or  more  in  these  countries,  while  almost  no  companies  did  so  in  the 
United Kingdom, Finland, Ireland, Spain, France and Italy  (all 0%). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

21 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Very few companies in any Member State had overdue foreign debt claims in other countries 
during  the  2015  fiscal  year.  Companies  in  Luxembourg  (15%),  Malta  (13%)  and  Germany  (10%) 
were the most likely to have done so, while those in the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Spain 
and Poland (all 2%) were the least likely. 

Companies  in  Luxembourg  (12%),  Malta  (8%)  and  Belgium  (7%)  are  the  most  likely  to  have  had 
overdue  foreign  debt  claims  past  30  days  but  less  than  6  months  in  other  countries.  
Slovakia, Spain and Poland (all 1%) were the least likely to have done so. 

No  more  than  one  in  twenty  companies  in  Malta  (5%),  Germany  (4%)  and  Luxembourg  (3%)  had 
with  overdue  foreign  debt  claims  at  6  months  or  more  in  other  countries.  In  contrast,  no 
companies in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Bulgaria, Ireland, Greece, Italy and Belgium (all 0%) say 
this.  

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

22 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

The  table  below  shows  companies  which  had  overdue  debt  claims  at  different  due  dates  against 
domestic  debtors,  foreign  debtors  in  the  European  Union,  Iceland,  Lichtenstein,  Norway  or 
Switzerland and  foreign debtors in other countries.  

The  majority  (65%)  of  overdue  domestic  debt  claims  were  past  30  days  but  less  than  6 
months. The remaining 35% were at 6 months or more. 

A large majority (80%) of the overdue debt claims on foreign  debtors  in  the  European  Union, 
Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland were past 30 days but within 6 months, while 
one in five were at 6 months or more. 

Almost  three-quarters  (73%)  of  the  overdue  debt  claims  on  debtors  in  other  countries  were 
past 30 days but less than 6 months, while the remaining 27% were at 6 months or more.  

Base: Item1: Companies with overdue debt claims on domestic debtors (N=6,284) 
Base: Item2: Companies with overdue debt claims on foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway 
or Switzerland (N=1,367) 
Base: Item3: Companies with overdue debt claims on foreign debtors in other countries (N=948) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this limited target. 

An analysis of company characteristics shows a range of differences:  

§  The  larger  the  company,  the  more  likely  it  is  to  have  had  domestic  or  foreign  debtors  with 
overdue  debt claims8. For example, 8% of the smallest companies had foreign debtors with 
overdue debt claims, compared with 30% of companies with 50-249 employees.  

§  Manufacturing  companies  are  the  most  likely  to  have  had  overdue  claims  on  domestic 
debtors  (51%  vs.  41%-44%)  or  on  foreign  debtors      (13%  vs.  5%-9%).  Service  (56%)  and 
industrial (55%) companies are more likely than manufacturing companies (45%) to have no 
overdue debt claims.    

8 Due to low base size, companies with 250+ employees are not included in the discussion. 

23 

 
 
  
 
 
	
	
	
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

§  The  older  the  company,  the  more  likely  it  is  to  have  had  domestic  debtors.  Companies 
established  after  2015  are  the  least  likely  to  have  had  foreign  debtors  with  overdue  debt 
claims (3% vs. 8%-9%). 

§  The higher a company’s turnover the more likely it is to have had either domestic or foreign 
debtors with overdue debt claims. For example, in 2015 4% of companies with the smallest 
turnover had overdue foreign debt claims compared with 24% of companies with the highest 
turnover.  The  lower  a  company’s  turnover,  the  more  likely  it  is  to  have  no  debtors  with 
overdue debt claims. 

§  Companies  whose  turnover  has  remained  approximately  the  same  since  January  2015  are 
the  most  likely  to  have  no  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  (57%  vs.  51%-52%),  and  the 
least likely to have had domestic debtors with overdue debt claims (40% vs. 46%). 

Q1TT

Thinking of your company's
fiscal	year	2015,	did	your	company	have	any…	
(%	-	EU)

debt claims during the last

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11
9
8

EU28

Company	size

1-9
10-49
50-249
250	or	more

Sectors	grouped		(NACE)

Manufacturing	(C)
Services	(G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N)
Industry	(B/D/E/F)

Company	age

Before	2010
Between	2010	and	2015
After	2015

Company's	turnover	in	2015

Up	to	100	000	euros
More	than	100	000	to	500	000	euros
More	than	500	000	to	2	mil.	euros
More	than	2	mil.	euros

Company's	turnover	since	2015

Risen	by	5%	or	more
Remained	approx.	the	same
Fallen	by	5%	or	more

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

24 

 
 
  
 
 
 
	
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

3  Share of foreign debt claims in 2015 turnover  

Companies with foreign debtors were asked about the share of foreign debt in their 2015 turnover9. 

- Half of companies with foreign debtors say foreign debt claims represented at least 
6% of their 2015 turnover - 

Just over four in ten companies with foreign debtors say their 2015 turnover included up to 5% of 
foreign debt claims (43%), while just over a quarter of companies say these claims represented 6% 
to 25%, or 26% or more, of turnover (both 25%).  

Base: Companies with foreign debtors (N=2,293) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this question. 

9 Q2 What was the approximate share of the foreign debt claims in your 2015 turnover? Up to 5 %; 6 % to 25 %; 26 % or more; Don't 
know. 

25 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
 
	
	
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

An analysis of company characteristics illustrates the following: 

§  Companies with less than 50 employees are the most likely to say that foreign debt claims 
represented up to 5% of 2015 turnover (44% vs. 36%), while those with 50-249 employees 
are the most likely to say 26% or more10.  

§ 

Industrial companies (50%) are the most likely to say that foreign debt claims represented up 
to 5% of their 2015 turnover, while manufacturing companies are the most likely to say that 
they accounted for 26% or more (29%).  

§  The  younger  the  company  the  more  likely  it  is  to  say  that  foreign  debt  claims  represented 
26% or more of 2015 turnover, and the less likely to say that they accounted for  up to 5%. 

§  Companies with a turnover of more than 2 million euros are the most likely to report foreign 
debt accounting for 26% or more of turnover in 2015 (29%).   Along with companies with the 
smallest turnover, they are also the least likely to say that these claims represented up to 5% 
(both 43%). 

§  Companies  that  had  both  domestic  and  foreign  debt  claims  are  more  likely  to  say  that 
foreign debt claims represented up to 25% of their turnover, and less likely to say that they 
accounted for 26% or more, than companies that only had foreign debtors. For example, 47% 
of companies that only had foreign debtors reported that foreign claims accounted for 26% 
or more of their turnover in 2015, compared with 22% of companies that had both domestic 
and foreign debtors. 

Base: Companies with foreign debtors (N=2,293) 

10 Due to low base size, companies with 250+ employees are not included in the discussion. 

26 

 
 
  
 
 
 
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

II.  RECOVERY OF UNPAID DEBT CLAIMS  

1  How easy is it to recover unpaid debt claims?  

a.  Domestic debt claims  

Companies  with  domestic  debtors  were  asked  how  easy  or  difficult  it  was  to  recover  unpaid 
domestic claims in 201511. 

- More than half say it was easy to recover unpaid domestic debt claims in 2015 - 

Overall,  more  than  half  of  companies  with  domestic  debtors  say  it  was  easy  to  recover  unpaid 
domestic debt claims in 2015 (54%). Just over one in five companies (22%) say it was very easy, 
while almost a third (32%) say it was fairly easy. 

Four  in  ten  companies  found  it  difficult  to  recover  unpaid  domestic  debt  claims  in  2015  (40%):  
23% say it was fairly difficult and 17% found it very difficult. 

Base: Companies with domestic debtors (N=8,971) 

11 Q4 How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid domestic debt claims in 2015? Very easy; Fairly easy; Fairly difficult; Very difficult; 
You did not try to recover any domestic debt claims in 2015 (SPONTANEOUS); DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT). 

27 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
	
	
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

A  majority  of  companies  reported  that  it  was  easy  to  recover  unpaid  domestic  debt  claims  in  18 
Member  States,  led  by  Denmark  (85%),  Estonia  (81%),  and  Germany  and  the  Netherlands  (both 
77%). Respondent companies in Slovakia (17%), Greece (23%) and Cyprus (24%) are the least likely 
to have done so. 

Finland (14%) and Sweden (15%) are the only countries where more than one company in ten had 
not tried to recover any domestic debt claims in 2015. 

Base: Companies with domestic debtors (N=8,971) 

28 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

An analysis of company characteristics reveals the following: 

§  Companies with 50-249 employees are the most likely to say it was easy to recover unpaid 

domestic debt claims in 2015 (60% vs. 54%-55%)12.  

§  Services  (56%)  and  manufacturing  companies  (54%)  are  more  likely  than  industrial 

companies (49%) to say it was easy to recover unpaid domestic debt claims.  

§  The  younger  the  company,  the  more  likely  it  is  to  report  that  it  was  easy  to  recover  these 

claims. 

§  Companies  whose  turnover  remained  the  same  (59%)  or  rose  (56%)  are  more  likely  than 

companies whose turnover fell (44%) to say recovering these claims was easy.  

§  Companies who had both domestic and foreign debtors are more likely than businesses with 

domestic debtors only to say recovering domestic claims was easy (61% vs. 53%). 

Q4

How easy or difficult was
2015?	
(%	-	EU)

it to recover unpaid domestic debt claims

in

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EU28

Company	size

1-9
10-49
50-249
250	or	more

Sectors	grouped		(NACE)

Manufacturing	(C)
Services	(G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N)
Industry	(B/D/E/F)

Company	age

Before	2010
Between	2010	and	2015
After	2015

Company's	turnover	since	2015

Risen	by	5%	or	more
Remained	approx.	the	same
Fallen	by	5%	or	more

Company	Debtors

Only	domestic	debtors
Only	foreign	debtors
Domestic	and	foreign	debtors
No	debtors

Base: Companies with domestic debtors (N=8,971) 

12 Due to low base size, companies with 250+ employees are not included in the discussion. 

29 

 
 
  
 
	
	
 
	
 
																																																								
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

b.  Foreign debt claims  

Companies with foreign debtors were asked how easy or difficult it was to recover unpaid foreign 
debt claims in 201513. 

- Almost one in four say it was very easy to recover unpaid foreign debt claims - 

Overall, almost seven in ten companies with foreign debtors found it easy to recover unpaid foreign 
debt claims in 2015 (69%). In fact, 38% say it was very easy (38%), while a further three in ten say 
it was fairly easy (31%). 

Just over one in five companies (22%) say it was difficult to recover unpaid foreign debt claims in 
2015, with one in ten saying it was very difficult (10%).  

Just over one in twenty say they had not tried to recover any foreign debt claims in 2015 (6%). 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  these  findings  with  the  results  for  recovering  unpaid  domestic  debt 
claims in 2015. Fewer companies with domestic debt claims say it was easy to recover debt than 
companies with foreign claims:  around half of companies with domestic debtors said it was very or 
fairly easy to recover domestic debt, but this rose to almost seven in ten for foreign debt. 

Base: Companies with foreign debtors (N=2,293) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this question. 

13 Q3 How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid foreign debt claims in 2015? Very easy; Fairly easy; Fairly difficult; Very difficult; 
You did not try to recover any domestic debt claims in 2015 (SPONTANEOUS); DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT). 

30 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

An analysis of company characteristics reveals the following: 

§  Services  (70%)  and  manufacturing  companies  (69%)  are  more  likely  than  industrial 

companies (61%) to say it was easy to recover unpaid foreign debt claims in 2015. 

§  Companies with the lowest turnover are the least likely to say it was easy to recover these 
debt claims, particularly compared to companies with the highest turnover (66% vs. 72%). 

§  Companies whose turnover has risen (72%), or stayed the same since January 2015 (69%) 
are more likely to say it was easy to recover this debt than those whose turnover fell (60%).  

§  Companies  with  both  domestic  and  foreign  debtors  are  more  likely  to  say  it  was  easy  to 

recover foreign debt in 2015 than those who only had foreign debtors (70% vs. 61%).	

Base: Companies with foreign debtors (N=2,293) 

31 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

2  Actions taken to recover unpaid debt claims 

a.  Enforcement of unpaid debt claims  

Companies  with debtors (either domestic, foreign or  both)  were asked whether they had enforced 
unpaid debt using any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure in 201514. 

- The majority of companies had not enforced unpaid debts via judicial or out-of-court 
procedures - 

Almost a quarter of companies with debtors had enforced unpaid debt via a judicial or out-of-court 
procedure in 2015 (23%). However, the large majority had not taken such proceedings (77%). 

Q5T1 In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court

procedure?
(%	-	EU)

Enforcement	of	
unpaid	 debt	claims
23

No	enforcement	of	
unpaid	 debt	claims
77

Base: Companies with domestic or foreign debtors (N=9,252) 

14 Q5 In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 5.1 Domestic debtors; 
5.2  Foreign  debtors  in  the  European  Union,  Iceland,  Lichtenstein,  Norway  or  Switzerland;  5.3  Foreign  debtors  in  other  countries.  Yes, 
irrespective of the amount; Yes, for values above an amount lower than 5% of company turnover; Yes, for values greater than 5% of  
company turnover; No, the issues were resolved amicably; DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT). 

32 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
 
	
	
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Minorities  of  companies  in  all  Member  States  had  enforced  unpaid  debts  via  a  judicial  or  out-of-
court  procedure  in  2015,  ranging  from  around  four  in  ten  businesses  in  Slovenia  (42%),  Malta 
(40%) and Italy (37%) to around one in ten in Latvia, Estonia (both 10%), Sweden and France (both 
11%). 

The  map  demonstrates  that  companies  in  southern  parts  of  Europe  are  the  most  likely  to  have 
enforced unpaid debt via a judicial or out-of-court procedure. 

Base: Companies with domestic or foreign debtors (N=9,252) 

33 

 
 
  
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Almost  a  quarter  of  companies  had  enforced  domestic  debt  claims  using  a  judicial  or  out-of-
court  procedure  in  2015  (23%).  One  in  ten  had  done  so  irrespective  of  the  amount  (10%),  or  for 
values  above  an  amount  lower  than  5%  of  company  turnover  (10%).  Less  than  one  in  twenty 
companies (3%) had enforced unpaid domestic debt claims for values greater than 5% of company 
turnover. Just over seven in ten companies had not enforced claims against domestic debtors in this 
way (71%). 

Fewer than one in ten companies had enforced unpaid debt claims against foreign debtors in the 
European  Union,  Iceland,  Lichtenstein,  Norway  or  Switzerland  (9%).  No  more  than  one  in 
twenty  companies  had  done  so  irrespective  of  the  amount  (4%),  or  for  values  above  an  amount 
lower  than  5%  of  company  turnover  (5%).  No  companies  had  enforced  unpaid  debt  claims  for 
values greater than 5% of company turnover (0%). The majority, however, had enforced no unpaid 
debt claims against foreign debtors in these countries (83%). 

One  in  ten  companies  had  enforced  unpaid  debt  claims  against  foreign  debtors  in  other 
countries (10%). No more than one in twenty companies had done so irrespective of the amount 
(4%) or for values above an amount lower than 5% of company turnover (5%). Only one company 
in a hundred had enforced these claims for values greater than 5% of turnover (1%). Once again, 
the majority had not enforced any unpaid debt claims against foreign debtors in other countries in 
these ways (81%). 

Base: Item1: Companies with domestic debtors (N=8,971) 
Base: Item2: Companies with foreign debtors in other counties (N=1,111) 
Base: Item2: Companies with foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland 
(N=1,857) 

34 

 
 
  
 
	
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

The graphic below illustrates the enforcement of unpaid debt claims by companies that had debtors 
with overdue claims.  

The  majority  (64%)  of  companies  with  overdue  domestic  debt  claims  had  not  enforced  these 
claims  in  any  form  of  judicial  or  out-of-court  procedure.  However,  compared  with  all  companies 
with  domestic  debtors,  companies  with  overdue  domestic  debt  are  more  likely  to  have  enforced 
these claims (23% vs. 30%). More specifically, 12% of companies with overdue domestic debt had 
enforced  the  debt  claims  irrespective  of  the  amount,    and  14%  had  done  so  for  values  above  an 
amount lower than 5% of company turnover. Less than one in twenty (4%) had enforced overdue 
unpaid domestic debt claims from debtors only for values greater than 5% of company turnover. 

Only 15% of companies that had foreign debtors from European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, 
Norway  or  Switzerland  with  overdue  debt  claims  had  enforced  these  claims,  while  over  three-
quarters (77%) had resolved the issues amicably. 6% had enforced overdue claims irrespective of 
the amount, 8% for values above an amount lower than 5% of company turnover and only one in 
one hundred (1%) had done so only for values greater than 5% of company turnover. Companies 
that reported overdue debt claims in the EU, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland are more 
likely  to  have  enforced  unpaid  debt  claims  than  all  companies  that  have  reported  having  foreign 
debtors in these countries (15%  and 9% respectively).  

Only 16% companies that had foreign debtors in other countries with overdue debt claims had 
enforced these claims in any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure. These companies are more 
likely to have enforced unpaid debt claims than all companies who reported having debtors in other 
countries (16% and 10% respectively). Over one in twenty had done so irrespective of the amount, 
8%  for  values  above  an  amount  lower  than  5%  of  company  turnover  and  only  one  in  fifty  for 
values greater than 5% of company turnover.  

Base: Item1: Companies with overdue domestic debt claims (N=6,284) 
Base: Item2: Companies with overdue foreign debt claims in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or 
Switzerland with (N=1,367) 
Base: Item3: Companies with overdue foreign debt claims in other countries(N=948) 

35 

 
 
  
 
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Around four in ten companies in Malta (43%), Slovenia (41%) and Italy (38%) had enforced unpaid 
debt  claims  against  domestic  debtors  via  judicial  or  out-of-court  procedure.  Companies  in  Latvia 
(9%), Estonia (10%) and France (11%) are the least likely to have done this. 

Base: Companies with domestic debtors (N=8,971) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis for the questions on foreign debtors could not be 
performed. 

36 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

An analysis of company characteristics shows the following: 

§  The  larger  the  company,  the  more  likely  it  is  to  have  enforced  unpaid  debt  claims  through 
judicial  or  out-of-court  processes  in  2015:  22%  of  the  smallest  companies  had  done  so, 
compared with 37% of those with 50-249 employees15. 

§  The older the company, the more likely it is to have enforced unpaid debts by these means: 
25% of the oldest companies had done so, compared with 8% of those established after 1 
January 2015. 

§  The higher a company’s turnover, the more likely it is to have enforced unpaid debt claims by 
these  means.  Just  over  one  in  ten  of  those  with  the  lowest  turnover  had  done  so  (13%) 
compared with 39% of companies with the highest turnover. 

§  Companies who have domestic and foreign debtors with overdue debt claims (36%) are more 
likely  to  have  enforced  these  debts  through  judicial  or  out-of-court  procedures  than  those 
that have only domestic (30%) or only foreign (17%) debtors with overdue debt claims. 

Q5T1

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial
or	out-of-court	procedure?	
(%	-	EU)

t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
E

s

i

m
a
l
c

i

t
b
e
d
d
a
p
n
u
f
o

23

22
32
37
44

25
14
8

13
22
31
39

23
23
24

30
17
36
12

t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
e
o
N

s

i

m
a
l
c

i

t
b
e
d
d
a
p
n
u
f
o

77

78
68
63
56

75
86
92

87
78
69
61

77
77
76

70
83
64
88

EU28

Company	size

1-9
10-49
50-249
250	or	more

Company	age

Before	2010
Between	2010	and	2015
After	2015

Company's	turnover	in	2015

Up	to	100	000	euros
More	than	100	000	to	500	000	euros
More	than	500	000	to	2	mil.	euros
More	than	2	mil.	euros

Company's	turnover	since	2015

Risen	by	5%	or	more
Remained	approx.	the	same
Fallen	by	5%	or	more

Company	overdue	debt	claims

Overdue	debt	claism	only	on	domestic	debtors
overdue	debt	claims	only	on	foreign	debtors
Overdue	debt	claims	on	domestic	and	foreign	debtors
No	overdue	debt	claims

Base: Companies with domestic or foreign debtors (N=9,252) 

15 Due to low base size, companies with 250+ employees are not included in the discussion. 

37 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
	
 
																																																								
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

b.  Enforcement of foreign unpaid debt claims  

- One in six companies had enforced overdue foreign debt claims via judicial or out-of-
court procedures – 

Only one in six companies with foreign debtors had enforced foreign unpaid debt via judicial or out-
of-court procedures (16%). The large majority - 84% - had not done so. 

Q5TT3 In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court

procedure?
(%	-	EU)

Enforcement	of	
unpaid	 foreign	debt	
claims
16

No	enforcement	of	
unpaid	 foreign	debt	
claims
84

Base: Companies with overdue foreign debt claims (N=1,184) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this question. 

38 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

An analysis of company characteristics highlights the following: 

§  The higher a company’s turnover, the more likely it is to have enforced unpaid foreign debt 
claims through judicial or out-of-court proceedings in 2015. Just 12% of those with turnover 
up to 500 000 had done so, compared to 21% of companies with the highest turnover. 

Q5TT3

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of
judicial	or	out-of-court	procedure?	
(%	-	EU)

f
o
t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
E

i

t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f
d
a
p
n
u

i

s

i

m
a
l
c

f
o
t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
e
o
N

i

t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f
d
a
p
n
u

i

s

i

m
a
l
c

EU28

Company's	turnover	in	2015

Up	to	100	000	euros
More	than	100	000	to	500	000	euros
More	than	500	000	to	2	mil.	euros
More	than	2	mil.	euros

16

12
12
14
21

84

88
88
86
79

Base: Companies with overdue foreign debt claims (N=1,184) 

39 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
	
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

III.  INSOLVENCY AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROSPECTS  

1  Rights against the debtor and doing business abroad   

Companies were asked whether their rights against foreign debtors would influence a decision on 
whether to invest in or trade with foreign firms16.  

- For a minority of companies, a decision to invest in or trade with foreign firms would 
depend on the rights they would have against foreign debtors - 

Almost  one-third  of  companies  (32%)  say  it  is  likely  that  any  decision  to  invest  in  or  trade  with 
foreign  companies  will  depend  on  the  rights  they  would  have  against  debtors  in  other  countries, 
with 15% saying that this is ‘very likely’ to influence their decision. 

Half of all companies say that this decision is unlikely to depend on these rights (50%), with more 
than one-third (35%) saying this it ‘not at all likely’ to do so. Almost one in five companies say they 
do not know (18%). 

Q6

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision will depend on the
rights	you	will	have	against	any	debtors	in	their	country?
(%	-	EU)

Don't	know
18

Very	likely
15

Not	at	all	likely
35

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

Fairly	likely
17

Not	likely
15

16	Q6. Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision will depend on the rights you will have 
against any debtors in their country? Very likely; Fairly likely; Not likely; Not at all likely; DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT).	

40 

 
 
  
 
 
 
	
 
	
 
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Companies in Romania (47%), Slovenia (43%) and Luxembourg and Croatia (both 42%) tend to say 
it is likely that a decision to invest in or trade with foreign companies would depend on the rights 
they  would  have  against  debtors  in  other  countries.  At  least  one  in  five  companies  in  Croatia, 
Romania  and  the  Netherlands  say  this  is  very  likely.  Companies  in  Hungary  (18%),  the  Czech 
Republic (20%), the United Kingdom and Ireland (both 21%) are the least likely say their decision 
will depend on this. 

In 14 countries at least half of all companies say it is unlikely their decision will depend on these 
rights, while the proportion of companies that gave no answer is particularly high in Estonia (38%), 
the Czech Republic (37%) and Hungary (32%). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

41 

 
 
  
 
 
	
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

a.  Companies with foreign debt claims 

- Nearly half of companies with foreign debtors say it is likely their decision would 
depend on the rights they would have against any foreign debtors in other countries - 

Almost half of companies with foreign debtors say it is likely that any decision to invest in or trade 
with foreign firms will depend on the rights they would have against foreign debtors (47%). Around 
a quarter of companies say that their decision is very likely (22%), or fairly likely (25%) to depend 
on these rights. 

More  than  four  in  ten  companies  say  their  decision  is  unlikely  to  depend  on  these  rights  (45%): 
19% say it is not likely, while 26% say it is not likely at all. 

Q6F

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision will depend on the
rights	you	will	have	against	any	debtors	in	their	country?
(%	-	EU)

Don't	know
8

Very	likely
22

Not	at	all	likely
26

Fairly	likely
25

Not	likely
19

Base: Companies with foreign debtors (N=2,293) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed. 

An analysis of company characteristics for all companies highlights the following: 

§  Manufacturing companies are the most likely to say it is likely their decision will depend on 
the  rights  they  would  have  against  debtors  in  other  countries,  particularly  compared  with 
companies in the industrial sector (35% vs. 30%). 

§  The  youngest  companies  are  the  most  likely  to  say  their  decision  would  depend  on  these 

rights (37% vs. 31%-33%).  

§  Companies  with  a  turnover  of  more  than  500,000  euros  (37%-38%)  are  the  most  likely  to 

say their decision would depend on these rights. 

§  Companies whose turnover has risen by 5% or more since January 2015 (37%) are the most 
likely  to  say  it  is  likely  their  decision  would  depend  on  rights  against  debtors  in  other 
countries (37% vs. 29%-30%). 

42 

 
 
  
 
 
	
 
 
 
 
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

§  Companies  who  had  foreign  debtors  with  overdue  debt  claims  are  more  likely  to  say  their 
decision would depend on these rights than those with overdue  domestic debt claims  (48% 
vs. 37%). 

§  Companies  that  say  it  was  fairly  difficult  (53%)  or  very  difficult  (57%)  to  recover  unpaid 
foreign  debt  claims  in  2015  are  more  likely  to  say  their  decision  would  depend  on  these 
rights, compared with those that say debt recovery was fairly (47%) or very easy (43%). 

Q6

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision
will	depend	on	the	rights	you	will	have	against	any	debtors	in	their	country?	
(%	-	EU)

EU28

Sectors	grouped		(NACE)

Manufacturing	(C)
Services	(G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N)
Industry	(B/D/E/F)

Company	age

Before	2010
Between	2010	and	2015
After	2015

Company's	turnover	in	2015

Up	to	100	000	euros
More	than	100	000	to	500	000	euros
More	than	500	000	to	2	mil.	euros
More	than	2	mil.	euros

Company's	turnover	since	2015

Risen	by	5%	or	more
Remained	approx.	the	same
Fallen	by	5%	or	more

Company	Outstanding	Debtors

Total	'Overdue	debt	claims	on	domestic	debtors'
Total	'Overdue	debt	claims	on	foreign	debtors'

Difficulty	recovering	unpaid	foreign	debt	claims	in	2015

Very	easy
Fairly	easy
Fairly	difficult	
Very	difficult	

'

y
l
e
k
i
L
'

l

a
t
o
T

32

35
31
30

31
33
37

28
33
37
38

37
29
30

37
48

43
47
53
57

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

'

y
l
e
k
i
l

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

50

49
51
49

51
51
48

53
49
49
49

49
52
52

47
44

50
46
41
31

w
o
n
k
t
'
n
o
D

18

16
18
21

18
16
15

19
18
14
13

14
19
18

16
8

7
7
6
12

43 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

2  Access to information about rights against the debtor abroad  

Companies  that  might  consider  their  rights  against  foreign  debtors  before  investing  in  or  trading 
with  foreign  companies  were  asked  how  easy  they  expected  it  would  be  to  find  out  about  these 
rights17. 

- A minority of companies think it would be easy to find out about the rights they would have 
against debtors in the debtor’s country - 

More than one-third of companies expect it to be easy to find out about their rights against debtors 
in the debtor’s country (37%), although only 7% think it would be very easy to do so. Just over half 
(55%) think it would be difficult to find this information, with 43% expecting it to be fairly difficult, 
and just over one in ten (12%) saying it would be very difficult. 

Q7

How easy or difficultwould you expect it to be to find out about the rights you would have against debtors in
their	country?
(%	-	EU)

Don't	know
8

Very	easy
7

Very	difficult
12

Fairly	difficult
43

Fairly	easy
30

Base: Companies that might consider rights against debtors  
in their country before doing business abroad (N=6,115) 

17 Q7 How easy or difficult would you expect it to be to find out about the rights you would have against debtors in their country? Very 
easy; Fairly easy; Fairly difficult; Very difficult; DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT). 

44 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
 
	
	
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Austria (59%) and Romania (51%) are the only countries where at least half of companies in this 
group  think  it  would  be  easy  to  find  out  about  the  rights  they  would  have  against  debtors  in  the 
debtor’s  country.  Almost  half  in  the  UK  (46%)  say  the  same.  At  the  other  end  of  the  scale, 
companies  in  Portugal  (20%)  and  Slovakia  and  Greece  (both  24%)  are  the  least  likely  to  say  it 
would be easy to find this information. 

Base: Companies that might consider rights against debtors  
in their country before investing abroad (N=6,115) 

45 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

In 21 countries, at least half of these companies expect it to be difficult to find information on their 
rights  against  foreign  debtors.  More  than  seven  out  of  ten  companies  in  France  and  Greece  (both 
72%) say this, as do 68% in Spain. At the opposite end of the scale, around four in ten companies 
in  Estonia,  Austria  (both  40%)  and  Croatia  (41%)  think  it  would  be  difficult,  still  a  fairly  high 
proportion. 

The map shows that companies in southern parts of Europe tend to be most likely to think finding 
this information would be difficult. 

Base: Companies that might consider rights against debtors  
in their country before investing abroad (N=6,115) 

46 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

a.  Companies with foreign debt claims  

- Nearly half of companies with foreign debtors expect it to be easy to find out about the 
rights they would have against debtors in another country - 

Nearly  half  of  companies  with  foreign  debtors  (47%)  expect  it  to  be  easy  to  find  out  about  the 
rights they would have against debtors in their country. One in ten companies expect it to be very 
easy (10%) and 37% expect it to be fairly easy to do so.  

Almost  the  same  proportion  (48%)  expect  it  to  be  difficult  to  find  this  information,  with  39% 
expecting it to be fairly difficult and 9% very difficult. 

Q7F

How easy or difficultwould you expect it to be to find out about the rights you would have against debtors in
their	country?
(%	-	EU)

Don't	know
5

Very	easy
10

Very	difficult
9

Fairly	difficult
39

Fairly	easy
37

Base: Companies that have foreign debtors and might consider rights against debtors  
in their country before investing abroad (N=1,500) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this question. 

An  analysis  of  company  characteristics  for  companies  that  might  consider  rights  against 
debtors in their country before investing abroad illustrates the following: 

§  The larger the company, the more likely it is to expect that finding this information would be 
easy:  35%  of  the  smallest  companies  say  this,  compared  with  46%  of  those  with  50-249 
employees18. 

§  Manufacturing  companies  (41%)  are  more  likely  than  service  or  industrial  companies  (both 
35%) to expect it to be easy to find out about the rights they would have against debtors in 
another country.  

18 Due to low base size, companies with 250+ employees are not included in the analysis. 

47 

 
 
  
 
	
 
 
 
 
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

§  Companies whose turnover has risen by at least 5% since January 2015 are the most likely 
to think it would be easy to find out about the rights they would have against debtors in their 
country (41% vs 32%-36%). 

§  Companies who have overdue debt claims on foreign debtors are more likely to think it would 
be easy to find this information, compared to those with overdue domestic debt claims (45% 
vs 35%). 

§  Companies that say it was very easy (57%) or fairly easy (52%) to recover unpaid debts in 
2015 are more likely to say finding this information would be easy, compared to those that 
say recovering these debts was fairly (32%) or very difficult (24%). 

Base: Companies that might consider rights against debtors  
in their country before investing abroad (N=6,115) 

48 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

3  Obstacles to investment and trading abroad  

Finally,  companies  were  asked  whether  they  thought  a  number  of  issues  would  potentially  pose 
obstacles to investing in or trading with foreign firms19. 

- Nearly half of all companies say a lack of knowledge of foreign law would be a 
potential obstacle to doing business with foreign firms - 

Nearly half of all companies say a lack of knowledge of foreign law would be a potential obstacle 
to  investing  in  or  trading  with  foreign  firms  (47%).  Four  in  ten  companies  consider  practical 
difficulties to be potential obstacles (40%). 

Almost four in ten (39%) mention the cost of pursuing a claim in another country, while almost as 
many  mention  the  cost  of  specialist  legal  advice  in  another  country  (38%),  or  the  presumed 
weaknesses  of  the  enforcement  system  in  another  country  (37%)  as  potential  obstacles  to 
investing in or trading with foreign firms.  

Just over one in ten companies say there would be other obstacles (13%), while almost a quarter 
express no opinion (24%). 

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

19 Q8 Which of the following would be the potential obstacles to investing in or trading with foreign firms? Lack of knowledge of the 
foreign  law  (e.g.  because  of  differences  between  your  domestic  law  and  the  foreign  law);  Cost  of  specialist  legal  advice  in  another 
country; Cost of pursuing your claim in another country (e.g. translations of court documents, travel to court for hearings etc.); Practical 
difficulties  (e.g.,  filing  your  claim  in  a  court  in  another  country);  Presumed  weaknesses  of  the  enforcement  system  in  another  country; 
Other; DK/NA (DO NOT READ OUT). 

49 

 
 
  
 
	
	
 
 
	
	
 
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

A  lack  of  knowledge  of  foreign  law  is  the  most  mentioned  potential  obstacle  in  23  Member 
States, led by Spain (66%), France (64%) and the United Kingdom, Finland and Belgium (all 61%). It 
is least mentioned in Denmark (24%), Hungary (31%), Ireland and Cyprus (both 35%). 

Practical difficulties are the most mentioned potential obstacle in three countries, Greece (52%), 
Cyprus (40%) and Denmark (27%). Practical difficulties are also widely mentioned by companies in 
France  (61%),  the  United  Kingdom  (59%)  and  Spain  and  Belgium  (both  57%),  but  are  least 
mentioned by companies in Croatia (20%), Hungary (24%) and Denmark (27%). 

Luxembourg is the only country where the cost of pursuing a claim in another country is the 
most  mentioned  potential  obstacle  (50%),  though  this  was  also  identified  as  a  possible  issue  by 
more  than  half  the  companies  in  France  (62%),  the  United  Kingdom  (59%)  and  Spain  (56%). 
Companies in Denmark (17%), Croatia (20%) and Hungary (25%) are the least likely to mention this 
obstacle. 

Companies  in  Malta  are  most  likely  to  mention  the  cost  of  specialist  legal  advice  in  another 
country (46%), although 57% of companies in France and the United Kingdom and 52% in Belgium 
are also concerned about this. At the other end of the scale, one in six companies in Denmark and 
Croatia (both 16%) and just under a quarter in Hungary (24%) mention this obstacle. 

Austria  is  the  only  country  where  companies  are  most  likely  to  mention  the  presumed 
weaknesses  of  the  enforcement  system  in  another  country  (47%),  although  this  obstacle  is 
also  identified  as  a  potential  problem  by  more  than  half  in  Spain  (59%),  France  (55%)  and  the 
United  Kingdom  (53%).  At  the  other  end  of  the  scale,  around  one  in  five  companies  in  Denmark 
(20%), Hungary and Lithuania (both 22%) mention this. 

Companies  in  Estonia  (28%),  Hungary  (26%)  and  Croatia  (24%)  are  the  most  likely  to  mention 
other  obstacles,  while  those  in  Malta  (2%),  the  Czech  Republic  and  Belgium  (both  7%)  are  the 
least likely to do so. 

Q8

Which	of	the	following	would	be	the	potential	obstacles	to	investing	in	or	trading	with	foreign	firms?	(MULTIPLE	ANSWERS	POSSIBLE)
(%	-	THE	MOST	MENTIONED	ANSWER	BY	COUNTRY)

66

64

61

61

61

55

55

54

53

51

50

49

47

45

42

42

41

40

40

39

38

52

40

50

46

47

35

31

27

ES

FR

BE

FI

UK

IT

BG

PL

RO

LV

PT

NL EU28 CZ

EE

SI

SK

DE

LT

HR

SE

IE

HU

EL

CY

DK

LU MT

AT

Lack	of	knowledge	of	the	foreign	law	(e.g.	because	of	differences	between	your	domestic	law	and	the	foreign	law)
Practical	difficulties	(e.g.,	filing	your	claim	in	a	court	in	another	country)
Cost	of	pursuing	your	claim	in	another	country	(e.g.	translations	of	court	documents,	travel	to	court	for	hearings	etc.)
Cost	of	specialist	legal	advice	in	another	country
Presumed	weaknesses	 of	the	enforcement	system	in	another	country

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

50 

 
 
  
 
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

a.  Companies with foreign debt claims  

- Nearly half of the companies with foreign debt claims say the lack of knowledge of 
foreign law would be a potential obstacle to doing business with foreign firms - 

Nearly half of the companies with foreign debt claims say a lack of knowledge of foreign law would 
be  a  potential  obstacle  to  investing  in  or  trading  with  foreign  firms  (46%).  At  least  four  in  ten 
companies also identify practical difficulties (42%), the cost of pursuing a claim in another country 
(40%)  or  the  presumed  weaknesses  of  the  enforcement  system  in  another  country  (40%)  as 
potential  obstacles  to  doing  business  with  foreign  firms,  and  almost  as  many  (39%)  mention  the 
cost of a specialist legal advice in another country.  

Finally, just over one in ten companies with foreign debt claims mentioned other obstacles (12%), 
while one in five could not answer (20%). 

Interestingly, companies in general and companies with foreign debtors identify the same top three 
potential  obstacles  to  doing  business  with  foreign  firms:  lack  of  knowledge  of  the  foreign  law, 
practical difficulties and the cost of pursuing a claim in another country. 

Base: Companies with foreign debtors (N=2,293) 

Due to low base sizes, a detailed country analysis could not be performed for this question. 

51 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
	
 
 
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

An analysis of company characteristics for all companies illustrates the following: 

§  The larger the company, the less likely it is to consider each issue as a potential obstacle to 
trading with or investing in foreign firms. For example, 48% of the smallest companies say a 
lack of knowledge of foreign law is a potential obstacle, compared to 40% of companies with 
50-249 employees20. 

§  Companies in  industry are the  most likely  mention both a lack of knowledge of foreign law 
(51%  compared  with  43%  of  manufacturing  companies),  and  the  cost  of  specialist  legal 
advice in another country (40% vs. 35% of manufacturing companies). 

§  The older the company, the less likely it is to mention a lack of knowledge of foreign law or 
the  cost  of  specialist  legal  advice  in  another  country.  For  example,  57%  of  the  youngest 
companies  mention  a  lack  of  foreign  legal  knowledge,  compared  with  47%  of  the  oldest 
companies.  

§  The  lower  its  turnover,  the  more  likely  a  company  is  to  mention  a  lack  of  knowledge  of 
foreign  law  or  the  cost  of  specialist  legal  advice  in  another  country.  For  instance,  52%  of 
companies with a turnover up to 100,000 euros mention a lack of foreign legal knowledge, 
compared  with  43%  of  companies  with  the  highest  turnover.  Companies  with  the  highest 
turnover are also the least likely to mention the cost of pursuing a claim in another country 
(35% vs. 40%-42%). 

§  With the exception of a lack of foreign legal knowledge, companies that found it difficult to 
recover unpaid foreign debt in 2015 are more likely to identify each these issues as potential 
obstacles  to  doing  business  with  foreign  firms.  For  example,  50%  of  companies  that  had 
found fairly difficult and 56% of those that had found it very difficult to recover foreign debt 
regard the cost of pursuing claims in another country as an obstacle. This compares to 36% 
of the companies that said foreign debt recovery was easy, and 37% that said it was fairly 
easy. 

20

 Due to low base sizes companies with 250+ employees are not included in the analysis. 

52 

 
 
  
 
																																																								
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Report 

Q8

Which	of	the	following	would	be	the	potential	obstacles	to	investing	in	or	trading	with	foreign	firms?	
(MULTIPLE	ANSWERS	POSSIBLE)
(%	-	EU)

)

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EU28

Company	size

1-9
10-49
50-249
250	or	more

Sectors	grouped		(NACE)

Manufacturing	(C)
Services	(G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N)
Industry	(B/D/E/F)

Company	age

Before	2010
Between	2010	and	2015
After	2015

Company's	turnover	in	2015

Up	to	100	000	euros
More	than	100	000	to	500	000	euros
More	than	500	000	to	2	mil.	euros
More	than	2	mil.	euros

47

48
45
40
37

43
47
51

47
50
57

52
49
46
43

Difficulty	recovering	unpaid	foreign	debt	claims	in	2015
43
50
48
50

Very	easy
Fairly	easy
Fairly	difficult	
Very	difficult	

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40

40
39
35
35

39
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42

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40
43

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43
43
41

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41
48
54

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t

39

39
37
29
28

37
39
41

39
40
44

40
42
41
35

36
37
50
56

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l

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p
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f
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t
s
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C

38

38
35
27
26

35
38
40

37
40
46

41
40
38
33

35
39
46
46

y
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f
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e

37

37
35
32
36

35
37
38

37
38
42

36
40
40
37

36
38
48
53

r
e
h
t
O

13

13
14
14
16

12
14
13

14
12
10

13
12
15
14

13
13
10
13

w
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t
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n
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D

24

24
26
26
23

25
24
22

24
21
20

21
24
22
24

23
18
14
7

Base: All companies (N=13,128) 

53 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Technical 
specifications 

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 

Between the 15 June and the  24 June 2016, TNS Political & Social, a consortium created between TNS 
political & social, TNS UK and TNS opinion, carried out the FLASH EUROBAROMETER 442 survey on request 
of  the  EUROPEAN  COMMISSION,  Directorate-General  for  Justice.  It  is  a  business  to  business  survey  co-
ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication, “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and 
Eurobarometer” Unit.  

The  FLASH  EUROBAROMETER  442  survey  covers  businesses  employing  1  or  more  persons  in  the 
Manufacturing (Nace category C), Retail (Nace category G), Services (Nace categories H/I/J/K/L/M/N/R) and 
Industry (Nace categories D/E/F) sectors within the European Union. 

Whenever  a  company  was  eligible  the  selected  respondent  had  to  be  someone  with  decision  making 
responsibilities  (managing  director,  CEO)  or  someone  leading  the  commercial  activities  of  the  company 
(Commercial managers, sales managers, marketing managers). 

All  interviews  were  carried  using  the  TNS  e-Call  center  (our  centralized  CATI  system).  The  sample  was 
selected  from  an  international  business  database,  with  some  additional  sample  from  local  sources  in 
countries where necessary. 

Quotas  were  applied  on  both  company  size  (using  four  different  ranges:  1-9  employees,  10-49 
employees, 50-249 employees and 250 employees or more) and sectors (Retail, Services, Manufacturing 
and Industry). These quotas were adjusted according to the country’s universe but were also reasoned in 
order to ensure that the sample was large enough in every cell. 

◊ 

TS 1 

	
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Technical 
specifications 

◊ 

TS 2 

	
 
  
 
 
	
	
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Technical 
specifications 

Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, 
rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, 
the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits: 

Statistical Margins due to the sampling process
(at the 95% level of confidence)

various sample sizes are in rows

various observed results are in columns

N=50
N=500
N=1000
N=1500
N=2000
N=3000
N=4000
N=5000
N=6000
N=7000
N=7500
N=8000
N=9000
N=10000
N=11000
N=12000
N=13000
N=14000
N=15000

5%
95%
6,0
1,9
1,4
1,1
1,0
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,3
5%
95%

10%
90%
8,3
2,6
1,9
1,5
1,3
1,1
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
10%
90%

15%
85%
9,9
3,1
2,2
1,8
1,6
1,3
1,1
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
15%
85%

20%
80%
11,1
3,5
2,5
2,0
1,8
1,4
1,2
1,1
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,6
20%
80%

25%
75%
12,0
3,8
2,7
2,2
1,9
1,5
1,3
1,2
1,1
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
25%
75%

30%
70%
12,7
4,0
2,8
2,3
2,0
1,6
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,1
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,7
30%
70%

35%
65%
13,2
4,2
3,0
2,4
2,1
1,7
1,5
1,3
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
35%
65%

40%
60%
13,6
4,3
3,0
2,5
2,1
1,8
1,5
1,4
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
40%
60%

45%
55%
13,8
4,4
3,1
2,5
2,2
1,8
1,5
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
45%
55%

50%
50%
13,9 N=50
4,4
3,1
2,5
2,2
1,8
1,5
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,8
0,8
50%
50%

N=500
N=1000
N=1500
N=2000
N=3000
N=4000
N=5000
N=6000
N=7000
N=7500
N=8000
N=9000
N=10000
N=11000
N=12000
N=13000
N=14000
N=15000

◊ 

TS 3 

	
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Questionnaire 

QUESTIONNAIRE 

Q1 

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company 
have any… 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

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3

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m

1 

2 

3 

Domestic debtors 

Foreign debtors in the European Union, 
Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland 
Foreign debtors in other countries 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

o
N

4 

4 

4 

A
N
K
D

/

5 

5 

5 
NEW 

ASK Q2 AND Q3 IF ‘HAS FOREIGN DEBTORS,' (CODE 1,2,3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3) - 
OTHERS GO TO Q4 

Q2  What was the approximate share of the foreign debt claims in your 2015 

turnover? 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Up to 5 % 
6 % to 25 % 
26 % or more 
DK/NA 

Q3 

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid foreign debt claims in 2015? 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very easy 
Fairly easy 
Fairly difficult 
Very difficult 
You did not try to recover any foreign debt claims in 2015 (SPONTANEOUS) 
DK/NA 

1 
2 
3 
4 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

NEW 

NEW 

Q 1 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Questionnaire 

ASK Q4 IF ‘HAS DOMESTIC DEBTORS', (CODE 1,2,3 IN Q1.1) 

Q4 

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid domestic debt claims in 2015? 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very easy 
Fairly easy 
Fairly difficult 
Very difficult 
You did not try to recover any foreign debt claims in 2015 (SPONTANEOUS) 
DK/NA 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

NEW 

ASK Q5.1 IF CODES 1,2,3 IN Q1.1 
ASK Q5.2 IF CODES 1,2,3 IN Q1.2 
ASK Q5.3 IF CODES 1,2,3 IN Q1.3 

Q5 

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-
court procedure? 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) 

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1 

1 

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%
5

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2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

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D

/

5 

5 

5 
NEW 

1 

2 

3 

Domestic debtors 

Foreign debtors in the European Union, 
Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland 
Foreign debtors in other countries 

ASK ALL 

Q6 

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your 
decision will depend on the rights you will have against any debtors in their 
country? 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very likely 
Fairly likely 
Not likely 
Not at all likely 
DK/NA 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

NEW 

Q 2 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
Insolvency 

November 2016 

Flash Eurobarometer 442 

Questionnaire 

Q7 

Q8 

ASK Q7 IF CODE 1,2,3 in Q6 

How easy or difficult would you expect it to be to find out about the rights you 
would have against debtors in their country? 
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 
Very easy 
Fairly easy 
Fairly difficult 
Very difficult 
DK/NA 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

ASK ALL 

How easy or difficult would you expect it to be to find out about the rights you 
would have against debtors in their country? 
(READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 
Lack of knowledge of the foreign law (e.g. because of differences between your 
domestic law and the foreign law) 
Cost of specialist legal advice in another country 
Cost of pursuing your claim in another country (e.g. translations of court 
documents, travel to court for hearings etc.) 
Practical difficulties (e.g., filing your claim in a court in another country) 
Presumed weaknesses of the enforcement system in another country 
Other 
DK/NA 

4, 
5, 
6, 
7 

2, 
3, 

1, 

NEW 

NEW 

Q 3 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
)

N
/
M

/
J
/
I
/
H
/
G

QB

NACE code
(%)

g
n
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c
a
f
u
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a
M

)

C
y
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g
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c

E
C
A
N

(

s
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c
i
v
r
e
S

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

10

6

9

14

9

9

11

7

10

10

9

13

11

19

11

12

4

10

18

6

8

12

9

11

18

15

9

8

7

s
e
i
r
o
g
e
t
a
c

E
C
A
N

(

74

73

82

64

70

72

74

83

78

77

72

70

71

61

79

72

81

77

70

68

77

72

80

76

69

62

70

76

75

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a
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c
n
a
n
F

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)
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t
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C
A
N

(

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n

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3

4

2

1

8

7

1

1

1

2

2

1

3

12

1

1

6

2

7

13

4

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

3

)
F
/
E
/
D
/
B

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t
a
c

E
C
A
N

(

13

17

7

21

13

12

14

9

11

11

17

16

15

8

9

15

9

11

5

13

11

15

10

11

12

22

19

15

15

w
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t
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D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D2T

How many employees (full-time equivalent) does your company currently have?
(%)

9
o
t

1

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e
y
o
p
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l

9
4
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1

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4
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0
5

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2

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o
0
0
5

s
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y
o
p
m
e

l

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

92

94

91

96

89

83

90

82

97

95

95

92

95

94

90

91

89

94

94

95

88

95

95

88

95

97

93

94

89

7

5

7

3

9

14

8

15

3

4

4

7

4

5

8

7

9

5

5

4

10

4

4

10

4

3

6

5

9

1

1

2

1

2

3

2

3

0

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

0

1

1

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D4

When was your company established?
(%)

e
r
o
f
e
B

0
1
0
2

y
r
a
u
n
a
J

1

n
e
e
w
t
e
B

0
1
0
2

y
r
a
u
n
a
J

1

5
1
0
2

y
r
a
u
n
a
J

1
d
n
a

r
e
t
f
A

5
1
0
2

y
r
a
u
n
a
J

1

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

80

80

71

77

88

77

73

95

85

89

87

93

81

85

75

58

86

86

86

77

80

88

81

68

86

74

70

67

77

18

19

26

21

12

19

27

4

13

10

12

6

17

13

24

38

13

13

13

20

16

10

18

29

13

24

24

27

17

2

1

3

2

0

4

0

1

2

1

1

1

2

2

0

3

1

0

1

3

4

2

0

3

1

2

6

6

5

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D5T

What was your company's total turnover in 2015?
(%)

n
a
h
t

s
s
e
L

s
o
r
u
e

0
0
0

5
2

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e

0
0
0

0
5
o
t

0
0
0

5
2

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e

0
0
0

0
0
1
o
t

0
0
0

0
5

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e

0
0
0

0
5
2
o
t

0
0
0

0
0
1

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e

0
0
0

0
0
5
o
t

0
0
0

0
5
2

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
2
o
t

0
0
0

0
0
5

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
0
1
o
t

2

n
a
h
t

e
r
o
M

s
o
r
u
e
n
o

i
l
l
i

m
0
1

12

5

50

6

1

4

22

7

2

6

2

4

11

6

33

20

1

5

4

13

2

24

8

32

2

26

16

3

6

8

5

13

10

0

3

16

5

6

7

2

4

11

5

19

13

4

7

3

12

4

15

11

13

2

17

10

4

7

11

5

7

12

2

5

15

7

5

12

7

12

11

4

15

10

7

9

8

13

10

13

20

14

7

9

23

10

14

15

15

8

21

13

10

14

15

11

16

23

17

9

13

9

8

7

22

11

19

14

15

20

10

13

9

18

27

15

12

16

2

13

15

11

9

13

20

14

27

15

11

11

7

10

8

16

13

11

15

7

9

4

17

7

12

15

8

16

22

5

12

24

24

10

21

24

20

26

18

14

17

8

10

25

19

24

15

19

8

10

3

35

5

9

24

11

7

10

2

6

19

10

4

11

9

7

7

5

5

12

2

5

13

5

13

6

12

3

2

4

9

1

4

9

4

3

5

0

2

10

9

1

5

3

5

1

2

2

8

1

2

10

2

4

5

5

2

2

3

1

1

2

3

4

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

16

17

13

18

16

24

9

16

20

13

5

23

26

24

6

22

25

15

20

6

19

13

18

17

14

25

6

5

31

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D6T

Since January 2015, please indicate the percentage by which your company's turnover has increased or decreased.
(%)

y
b
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

%
0
1
n
a
h
t

e
r
o
m

y
b
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

%
0
1
d
n
a
%
5
n
e
e
w
t
e
b

y
b
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
n

I

%
5
d
n
a
%
2
n
e
e
w
t
e
b

y
l
e
t
a
m
i
x
o
r
p
p
a
d
e
n
a
m
e
R

i

e
m
a
s

e
h
t

y
b
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

%
5
d
n
a
%
2
n
e
e
w
t
e
b

y
b
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

%
0
1
d
n
a
%
5
n
e
e
w
t
e
b

y
b
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
D

%
0
1
n
a
h
t

e
r
o
m

22

25

17

26

23

25

16

26

20

25

18

16

12

18

16

22

20

25

24

24

16

19

16

30

31

18

22

32

18

8

12

7

7

11

10

6

13

5

9

9

7

7

6

5

4

7

9

13

11

8

7

8

8

9

6

5

7

5

5

8

2

6

6

8

5

10

3

5

8

4

2

7

2

3

9

6

6

6

8

3

3

4

4

4

5

3

4

32

26

38

36

31

28

43

22

23

28

29

39

33

26

37

28

36

33

26

38

36

30

36

21

30

37

36

35

33

2

3

1

1

3

1

3

2

2

2

2

3

1

4

2

2

3

3

5

3

4

2

2

2

2

1

3

1

2

4

2

2

3

2

2

5

4

5

5

6

4

8

7

2

3

2

5

3

2

4

6

6

5

4

3

5

1

5

18

14

25

8

7

8

17

14

39

21

24

16

30

26

30

23

12

14

13

10

11

24

20

23

14

16

18

11

16

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

9

10

8

13

17

18

5

9

3

5

4

11

7

6

6

15

11

5

10

6

13

9

9

7

6

15

6

10

17

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.1

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Domestic debtors (%)

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

26

34

7

19

55

36

67

12

11

15

20

17

14

14

31

20

28

21

7

47

36

18

15

32

27

4

41

47

9

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

15

13

18

20

3

11

10

21

18

14

13

24

2

17

20

16

20

23

31

9

15

19

14

7

27

21

10

5

8

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

28

34

11

24

15

28

14

35

49

27

37

39

44

41

22

21

31

28

44

35

33

21

33

26

36

19

19

16

17

o
N

30

16

63

32

25

21

8

29

21

43

28

20

40

26

26

41

19

28

17

8

16

41

36

34

9

56

29

29

63

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

3

1

5

2

4

1

3

1

1

2

0

0

2

1

2

2

0

1

1

0

1

2

1

1

0

1

3

3

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

69

81

36

63

73

75

91

68

78

56

70

80

60

72

73

57

79

72

82

91

84

58

62

65

90

44

70

68

34

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1F.1

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Overdue debt claims on domestic debtors (%)

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

28

34

11

24

15

28

14

35

49

27

37

39

44

41

22

21

31

28

44

35

33

21

33

26

36

19

19

16

17

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

15

13

18

19

3

11

10

21

18

14

13

24

2

17

20

16

19

23

31

9

15

19

14

8

27

21

10

5

8

o
N

56

50

70

52

80

57

75

41

32

58

48

37

54

40

57

61

48

48

24

55

52

59

51

65

36

60

70

76

72

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

3

1

5

2

4

1

3

1

1

2

0

0

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

0

1

2

1

1

0

1

3

3

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

43

47

29

43

18

39

24

56

67

41

50

63

46

58

42

37

50

51

75

44

48

40

47

34

63

40

29

21

25

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.1_rb1

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Domestic debtors (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.1')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

38

42

19

31

75

48

74

18

15

27

28

21

23

19

42

36

36

29

8

52

44

31

24

49

30

8

59

69

26

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

41

42

31

38

21

37

15

51

63

47

53

49

74

57

30

36

39

39

54

38

39

36

54

39

40

43

27

24

50

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

21

16

50

31

4

15

11

31

22

26

19

30

3

24

28

28

25

32

38

10

17

33

22

12

30

49

14

7

24

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.1_rb2

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Domestic debtors (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.1 AND 4 OR 5 IN Q1.2 AND 4 OR 5 IN Q1.3')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

37

41

20

30

81

52

77

19

14

28

30

23

22

19

41

33

33

30

5

54

40

33

25

49

25

8

59

72

27

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

40

41

28

36

15

34

15

49

61

47

52

46

74

54

30

37

40

37

53

37

41

34

52

39

43

44

26

19

50

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

23

18

52

34

4

14

8

32

25

25

18

31

4

27

29

30

27

33

42

9

19

33

23

12

32

48

15

9

23

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.1_F_rb

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Overdue debt claims on domestic debtors (%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.1')

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

65

73

39

55

84

72

58

62

74

65

74

62

96

71

52

56

61

55

59

80

69

52

71

77

58

46

66

76

68

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

35

27

61

45

16

28

42

38

26

35

26

38

4

29

48

44

39

45

41

20

31

48

29

23

42

54

34

24

32

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.2

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (%)

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

7

11

1

4

17

9

16

4

7

2

2

8

2

4

7

4

19

5

6

13

16

2

1

5

29

1

3

10

1

6

8

3

5

8

8

4

5

6

3

5

5

5

7

3

5

17

6

13

6

10

3

3

4

11

3

4

5

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

0

1

0

0

1

0

2

1

2

7

5

7

1

2

1

1

0

3

2

0

1

0

o
N

85

79

95

88

72

77

79

86

86

95

92

85

93

86

89

88

56

83

73

79

71

94

95

91

57

94

93

82

95

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1

0

2

2

4

0

5

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

2

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

14

20

5

10

26

19

21

9

14

5

7

14

7

13

11

11

43

16

26

20

28

6

5

9

43

6

7

16

3

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1F.2

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Overdue debt claims on foreign debtors in the European Union,

Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

6

8

3

5

8

8

4

5

7

3

5

5

5

7

3

5

17

6

13

6

10

3

2

4

11

3

4

5

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

0

1

0

0

1

0

2

1

2

7

5

7

1

2

1

1

1

3

3

0

1

0

o
N

92

90

96

92

89

86

95

90

92

97

94

94

95

90

96

92

75

88

79

92

87

96

97

95

86

94

96

92

96

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1

0

2

2

4

0

5

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

2

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

7

9

4

6

9

10

5

5

8

3

5

6

5

9

4

7

24

11

20

7

12

4

3

5

14

6

4

6

2

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.2_rb1

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

42

42

19

30

61

39

70

32

36

29

18

40

22

22

49

24

39

25

21

50

52

27

18

37

64

11

34

56

23

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

31

28

40

35

29

32

16

42

35

33

36

26

40

32

23

37

35

35

46

24

33

42

34

32

24

39

43

27

33

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

8

4

21

8

3

7

7

3

7

1

1

5

0

11

6

14

15

29

23

3

7

11

8

4

7

34

3

3

8

o
N

19

26

20

22

6

21

7

23

22

36

45

29

38

35

22

23

11

11

10

23

8

20

40

27

5

16

19

14

36

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

5

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.2_rb2

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3 AND 4 OR 5 IN Q1.1')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

28

14

22

14

60

0

66

76

20

7

43

36

3

26

52

13

13

33

0

71

59

4

0

27

41

19

16

41

2

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

31

37

38

31

28

23

3

12

40

7

38

42

97

26

3

14

45

22

59

2

5

27

8

32

59

38

50

30

4

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

15

12

20

13

2

23

31

0

19

7

0

11

0

0

0

31

39

33

30

0

0

46

3

2

0

41

1

2

0

o
N

25

37

20

42

10

54

0

12

21

79

19

11

0

48

45

34

3

12

11

27

36

23

86

39

0

2

33

27

94

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.2_rb3

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

52

56

23

41

66

50

75

41

46

46

33

57

35

33

63

32

44

28

23

65

57

34

30

50

67

13

42

65

36

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

38

39

50

48

31

40

18

55

45

53

66

36

65

50

30

49

40

39

51

31

35

53

57

45

26

46

54

31

52

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

10

5

27

11

3

10

7

4

9

1

1

7

0

17

7

19

16

33

26

4

8

13

13

5

7

41

4

4

12

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.2_F_rb

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Overdue debt claims on foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway
or Switzerland (%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2')

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

80

88

65

81

91

81

71

93

83

97

98

84

100

74

80

72

71

54

66

89

82

80

81

89

78

53

94

90

82

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

20

12

35

19

9

19

29

7

17

3

2

16

0

26

20

28

29

46

34

11

18

20

19

11

22

47

6

10

18

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.3

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in other countries (%)

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

4

8

0

2

10

7

4

3

4

2

4

4

3

7

2

2

3

7

2

2

5

6

2

3

3

1

3

5

4

6

2

3

12

12

1

4

8

5

2

1

4

18

1

1

4

1

2

8

3

3

1

2

2

4

1

2

4

2

1

0

0

2

0

4

0

0

0

1

2

2

0

2

1

2

3

1

5

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

0

o
N

91

84

98

92

83

80

94

88

93

95

90

89

93

84

94

92

71

95

80

87

91

96

95

93

76

97

96

90

95

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1

0

2

2

3

0

6

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

2

1

3

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

2

2

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

8

15

2

6

15

17

6

6

7

4

9

11

7

15

5

7

27

4

17

12

9

4

4

7

24

3

4

8

3

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1F.3

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Overdue debt claims on foreign debtors in other countries (%)

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

3

7

2

2

5

6

2

3

3

1

3

5

4

6

2

3

12

2

8

3

3

1

2

2

5

1

2

4

2

1

0

0

2

1

4

1

0

0

1

2

2

0

2

1

2

3

1

5

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

0

o
N

95

92

98

94

92

87

97

91

97

97

94

93

96

91

97

94

84

96

84

95

96

97

96

97

93

98

97

94

96

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1

0

2

2

3

0

6

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

3

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

2

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

4

7

2

4

6

10

3

3

3

2

5

7

4

8

3

5

15

3

13

4

4

2

3

3

7

2

3

4

2

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.3_rb1

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in other countries (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

24

32

2

13

34

28

17

24

21

27

26

22

28

36

16

12

25

8

13

31

15

27

18

32

39

11

10

23

29

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

18

25

24

13

19

25

8

28

16

18

23

24

32

27

13

18

24

10

27

11

9

15

25

13

10

10

24

21

33

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

6

1

2

17

2

14

3

3

2

19

13

8

0

12

9

15

7

6

17

4

3

10

17

8

4

10

6

0

11

o
N

51

41

72

55

45

33

72

40

61

32

34

46

40

25

61

52

44

76

38

53

72

48

40

47

47

69

60

54

27

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

1

0

2

0

0

0

5

0

4

4

0

0

0

1

3

0

0

5

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T19 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.3_rb2

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in other countries (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3 AND 4 OR 5 IN Q1.1')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

22

25

0

28

57

8

16

88

1

7

21

13

0

38

25

18

29

12

0

55

5

25

78

32

0

1

16

41

36

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

18

37

20

1

10

46

0

12

21

93

1

14

3

48

7

1

32

1

57

16

36

2

2

8

4

1

34

27

51

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

10

0

0

40

0

23

15

0

1

0

0

0

0

12

21

26

13

11

18

0

0

0

10

17

0

2

17

1

7

o
N

49

38

80

31

33

23

69

0

77

0

77

73

97

2

47

54

26

76

13

29

59

73

10

43

96

96

33

31

6

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

12

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.3_rb3

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Foreign debtors in other countries (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.3')

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

l
l

a

t
u
b

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3
n
h
t
i

i

w
e
r
e
w

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

49

55

5

29

62

42

61

44

53

42

42

41

46

48

41

28

45

35

23

67

56

51

30

60

73

34

25

52

39

n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b
s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p

37

43

86

31

35

37

29

50

41

29

36

44

54

36

35

40

42

41

47

24

34

30

42

25

19

33

60

47

46

s
h
t
n
o
m
6

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

14

2

9

40

3

21

10

6

6

29

22

15

0

16

24

32

13

24

30

9

10

19

28

15

8

33

15

1

15

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1.3_F_rb

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
Overdue debt claims on foreign debtors in other countries (%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.3')

s
h
t
n
o
m
6
n
a
h
t

s
s
e

l

t
u
b

d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

,
s
e
Y

s
y
a
d
0
3

t
s
a
p
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d

73

97

91

44

92

64

75

90

88

50

63

75

99

70

59

56

77

63

62

72

76

60

60

63

71

50

80

97

76

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
d
a
h
u
o
y
d
n
a

s
e
Y

e
r
o
m

r
o
s
h
t
n
o
m
6

t
a

27

3

9

56

8

36

25

10

12

50

37

25

1

30

41

44

23

37

38

28

24

40

40

37

29

50

20

3

24

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

o
N

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1T

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
(%)

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
y
l
n
O

s
r
o
t
b
e
d

i

n
g
e
r
o
f

y
l
n
O

s
r
o
t
b
e
d

d
n
a

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
D

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f

i

53

57

33

52

47

52

70

57

62

49

58

62

50

58

60

46

37

57

59

66

54

53

55

56

48

38

64

52

30

2

3

3

2

2

1

2

0

2

0

2

3

1

6

1

4

7

3

6

2

1

1

0

4

2

2

2

2

1

15

24

3

11

26

23

21

12

16

7

12

18

10

14

12

10

42

15

22

24

30

6

7

9

43

5

7

16

4

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
o
N

30

16

61

35

24

24

8

32

20

44

29

17

39

22

26

40

14

25

12

7

15

40

38

31

7

55

28

29

65

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

l

a
t
o
T

'
s
r
o
t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
D

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
s
r
o
t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
F

i

'

68

81

36

63

73

75

90

68

78

56

70

80

60

72

73

57

79

72

81

90

84

58

62

65

90

43

71

68

34

17

26

6

13

28

24

22

12

18

7

14

20

11

21

14

14

49

18

29

26

31

7

7

13

45

7

9

19

5

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
y
l
n
O

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
o
N
+

83

73

94

87

71

76

78

89

82

93

87

79

89

80

86

86

51

82

71

73

69

93

93

87

55

93

92

81

95

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1TT

Thinking of your company's debt claims during the last fiscal year 2015, did your company have any…
(%)

n
o
y
l
n
o
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
O

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d

n
o
y
l
n
o
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
O

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f

i

n
o
s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
O

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

36

38

27

38

10

29

20

48

59

37

42

54

41

50

37

32

34

42

60

35

37

36

42

30

50

35

27

16

22

2

3

3

3

3

3

2

0

2

1

1

2

2

4

1

4

12

4

7

1

4

1

0

3

3

1

3

2

1

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
o
o
N
+

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f
d
n
a

i

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d

7

9

2

6

8

10

4

7

8

4

8

9

5

8

5

5

16

9

15

9

10

4

5

3

14

5

2

5

2

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
o
o
N

55

49

68

54

79

58

74

44

31

59

49

35

52

37

57

59

38

45

18

56

49

59

52

64

34

59

68

77

75

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
O

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
s
r
o
t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
n
o

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
O

'

l

a
t
o
T

'
s
r
o
t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f
n
o

i

n
o
y
l
n
o
m

s
i
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
e
u
d
r
e
v
O

43

47

29

44

18

39

24

56

67

41

50

63

46

59

42

37

50

51

75

43

47

40

47

33

63

40

29

21

25

9

12

5

8

11

13

6

7

10

4

9

11

7

12

6

9

28

13

22

9

14

5

5

6

17

6

6

7

3

s
r
o
t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d

91

87

95

92

89

87

94

92

90

96

91

89

93

87

94

91

72

87

78

91

86

95

94

94

84

94

95

93

97

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q2

What was the approximate share of the foreign debt claims in your 2015 turnover?
(%)

(ASK Q2 IF 'HAS FOREIGN DEBTORS' CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

%
5
o
t
p
U

43

50

39

38

39

39

42

43

39

57

58

39

41

21

46

46

28

55

37

48

39

41

18

35

55

33

58

42

54

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

%
5
2
o
t

%
6

25

15

33

28

24

32

26

30

26

40

20

29

26

28

20

21

30

25

33

30

19

43

43

24

15

26

24

21

14

e
r
o
m

r
o
%
6
2

25

27

26

27

23

24

26

15

29

1

17

23

30

43

26

18

36

14

15

19

37

10

38

29

22

23

18

30

21

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

7

8

2

7

14

5

6

12

6

2

5

9

3

8

8

15

6

6

15

3

5

6

1

12

8

18

0

7

11

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q2FF

What was the approximate share of the foreign debt claims in your 2015 turnover? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

%
5
o
t
p
U

36

35

38

44

28

26

33

46

41

53

50

32

36

26

47

53

20

52

34

25

28

31

24

40

40

28

55

31

49

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

%
5
2
o
t

%
6

27

15

39

25

26

38

41

34

18

42

20

34

22

15

17

20

27

25

34

43

20

49

48

27

15

25

25

26

12

e
r
o
m

r
o
%
6
2

29

44

21

27

22

28

24

12

34

2

23

26

37

45

24

9

49

16

19

28

48

12

27

20

39

25

20

38

33

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

6

2

4

24

8

2

8

7

3

7

8

5

14

12

18

4

7

13

4

4

8

1

13

6

22

0

5

6

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q3

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid foreign debt claims in 2015?
(%)

(ASK Q3 IF 'HAS FOREIGN DEBTORS' CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

38

41

17

22

47

38

55

40

28

27

29

43

46

45

36

21

21

26

31

53

40

27

10

57

47

1

39

42

31

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

31

35

47

31

41

30

24

41

48

39

34

28

24

32

32

31

37

30

23

28

37

29

42

27

19

11

23

25

24

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

12

13

10

19

4

15

12

8

10

23

13

13

15

16

7

17

23

15

22

8

7

21

26

7

9

12

14

6

10

r
e
v
o
c
e
r
o
t

y
r
t

i

t
o
n
d
d
u
o
Y

n

i

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f

i

y
n
a

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

5
1
0
2

6

2

0

7

4

1

4

4

3

0

11

1

5

0

2

3

5

8

0

8

8

9

1

5

12

5

15

16

14

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

10

3

26

18

3

12

5

2

11

7

8

15

7

7

18

26

11

19

19

0

6

14

20

4

9

62

9

7

15

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

3

6

0

3

1

4

0

5

0

4

5

0

3

0

5

2

3

2

5

3

2

0

1

0

4

9

0

4

6

'

y
s
a
E

'

l

a
t
o
T

69

76

64

53

88

68

79

81

76

66

63

71

70

77

68

52

58

56

54

81

77

56

52

84

66

12

62

67

55

'
t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i

D

'

l

a
t
o
T

22

16

36

37

7

27

17

10

21

30

21

28

22

23

25

43

34

34

41

8

13

35

46

11

18

74

23

13

25

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q3FF

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid foreign debt claims in 2015? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

21

28

7

16

45

14

15

30

21

2

19

22

35

28

20

15

12

12

26

22

15

16

2

25

29

0

33

31

20

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

36

39

48

33

38

35

26

52

41

46

37

30

29

46

35

27

41

34

19

48

49

27

47

48

27

13

28

32

19

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

19

23

12

26

6

25

32

12

18

41

19

22

19

13

14

21

26

16

23

21

16

30

28

14

18

14

14

4

17

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

5
1
0
2
n

i

r
e
v
o
c
e
r
o
t

y
r
t

i

t
o
n
d
d
u
o
Y

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f

i

y
n
a

4

0

0

4

0

2

10

0

0

0

10

0

2

0

0

4

3

10

0

4

6

6

2

5

6

5

11

19

13

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

3

0

0

3

3

0

2

0

0

3

0

4

1

0

0

1

2

7

4

4

0

1

0

0

11

0

0

7

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

18

7

33

21

8

21

17

4

20

11

12

26

11

12

31

33

17

26

25

1

10

21

20

8

20

57

14

14

24

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T28 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q4

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid domestic debt claims in 2015?
(%)

(ASK Q4 IF 'HAS DOMESTIC DEBTORS' CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.1)

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

22

22

6

12

43

33

49

12

4

15

13

9

14

6

18

15

20

19

6

42

28

13

7

21

19

5

37

41

26

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

32

41

21

36

42

44

32

42

19

28

42

27

33

18

39

36

41

30

26

35

45

34

23

32

19

12

30

30

40

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

23

24

29

25

5

15

10

26

43

32

27

33

27

36

25

25

20

21

45

15

15

24

33

24

27

30

11

8

17

r
e
v
o
c
e
r
o
t

y
r
t

i

t
o
n
d
d
u
o
Y

n

i

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
y
n
a

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

5
1
0
2

4

2

1

2

3

2

1

2

0

1

8

0

3

1

1

1

4

8

1

2

5

5

5

5

6

4

14

15

3

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

17

9

41

21

7

4

7

16

33

21

9

29

22

39

16

19

10

20

21

4

6

20

25

15

27

44

6

5

12

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

2

2

4

0

2

1

2

1

3

1

2

1

0

1

4

5

2

1

2

1

4

7

3

2

5

2

1

2

'

y
s
a
E

'

l

a
t
o
T

54

63

27

48

85

77

81

54

23

43

55

36

47

24

57

51

61

49

32

77

73

47

30

53

38

17

67

71

66

'
t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i

D

'

l

a
t
o
T

40

33

70

46

12

19

17

42

76

53

36

62

49

75

41

44

30

41

66

19

21

44

58

39

54

74

17

13

29

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q4F

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid domestic debt claims in 2015? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

25

28

4

12

46

32

37

14

6

10

3

12

17

1

14

17

23

19

14

37

39

13

6

28

20

1

32

43

27

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

36

42

60

56

44

46

36

51

25

32

48

19

33

25

50

40

40

39

37

37

40

35

22

26

17

2

44

39

50

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

22

20

18

22

2

19

18

20

50

39

28

35

33

45

15

23

16

25

29

20

11

45

64

22

25

29

12

5

9

r
e
v
o
c
e
r
o
t

y
r
t

i

t
o
n
d
d
u
o
Y

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
y
n
a

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

5
1
0
2
n

i

3

3

0

1

3

0

1

3

0

4

7

0

3

0

3

3

6

5

3

1

6

0

1

1

7

0

9

7

2

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

2

11

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

4

3

1

2

3

8

2

4

1

1

0

1

5

4

6

1

0

5

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

12

5

7

9

5

2

8

11

19

15

14

30

11

28

16

14

7

10

13

4

3

7

6

18

27

62

2

6

7

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q4FF

How easy or difficult was it to recover unpaid domestic debt claims in 2015? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

16

20

3

5

46

23

10

12

8

2

1

2

11

1

3

10

22

10

15

30

29

9

2

8

19

0

35

29

19

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

37

42

57

67

44

48

52

55

17

24

50

23

32

19

60

35

42

37

34

36

37

32

16

23

21

1

45

42

45

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

28

25

18

18

3

23

20

23

58

39

31

39

43

30

17

29

20

31

28

26

18

49

72

34

30

32

11

12

16

r
e
v
o
c
e
r
o
t

y
r
t

i

t
o
n
d
d
u
o
Y

s

i

m
a
l
c

t
b
e
d
c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
y
n
a

)
S
U
O
E
N
A
T
N
O
P
S
(

5
1
0
2
n

i

3

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

8

7

0

1

0

0

5

8

6

5

0

6

0

1

0

2

0

8

11

4

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

2

4

13

0

0

2

0

2

0

0

0

4

0

1

0

5

4

3

4

0

3

0

1

7

0

8

0

0

5

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

14

9

9

10

7

4

17

8

17

27

11

32

13

49

20

16

4

13

14

8

7

10

8

28

28

59

1

6

11

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5.1

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure?
Domestic debtors (%)

(ASK Q5.1 IF 'HAS DOMESTIC DEBTORS' CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.1)

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

10

12

7

16

9

14

3

6

11

14

4

6

21

15

1

11

17

5

9

8

17

20

4

5

18

17

7

3

6

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a
n
a

10

9

7

10

12

13

6

7

14

11

5

24

11

14

7

8

11

9

25

10

11

6

9

6

20

7

8

8

6

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

e
r
e
w

3

3

4

1

0

1

1

2

8

6

2

3

6

6

1

4

2

1

9

0

2

2

2

2

3

6

1

1

0

71

67

73

61

78

69

88

76

65

66

82

63

61

64

88

72

60

77

56

66

69

66

60

79

56

67

77

80

80

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

6

9

9

12

1

3

2

9

2

3

7

4

1

1

3

5

10

8

1

16

1

6

25

8

3

3

7

8

8

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

23

24

18

27

21

28

10

15

33

31

11

33

38

35

9

23

30

15

43

18

30

28

15

13

41

30

16

12

12

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T32 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5_1_out

 In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
(%)

 (IF 'CODE 2,3 IN Q1.1')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

12

14

9

21

8

19

10

6

11

15

4

7

20

18

2

10

25

4

9

11

21

28

5

6

23

18

12

3

7

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

4

5

5

2

0

3

2

3

8

7

2

4

7

7

1

5

2

2

9

0

2

2

3

3

4

7

1

2

0

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

14

14

8

11

13

17

16

9

15

13

7

27

12

14

11

11

15

12

24

15

16

8

8

10

26

6

17

10

6

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

64

59

68

59

77

58

71

74

64

62

83

58

60

61

82

67

52

74

57

63

60

57

58

72

45

66

63

76

79

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

6

8

10

7

2

3

1

8

2

3

4

4

1

0

4

7

6

8

1

11

1

5

26

9

2

3

7

9

8

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5F.1

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
Domestic debtors (%)

(IF 'CODE 1,2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

12

15

8

25

8

15

7

8

7

15

2

3

19

8

2

17

12

9

16

10

17

20

7

10

25

27

12

5

6

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

12

4

2

12

10

14

9

12

16

16

8

31

12

17

7

12

10

16

11

15

8

13

8

11

13

7

7

14

2

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

2

1

0

0

0

1

2

3

4

13

3

8

4

0

1

1

1

0

17

0

0

0

1

1

2

6

0

2

0

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

68

65

78

60

80

69

81

73

69

52

79

58

62

75

85

67

68

68

56

58

72

60

63

68

57

60

69

73

83

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

6

15

12

3

2

1

1

4

4

4

8

0

3

0

5

3

9

7

0

17

3

7

21

10

3

0

12

6

9

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T34 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5FF.1

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
Domestic debtors (%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

14

22

9

21

7

21

13

6

8

11

1

2

25

2

3

14

13

10

18

9

18

30

9

18

18

31

18

7

9

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

14

4

0

15

9

14

20

9

12

18

11

30

13

18

10

13

12

20

15

21

11

10

10

9

22

8

9

14

3

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

2

3

0

1

0

2

0

4

8

17

0

7

7

0

1

0

0

0

12

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

65

60

89

58

81

61

62

79

68

46

84

60

54

80

81

68

71

63

55

54

68

50

59

61

57

61

62

73

77

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

11

2

5

3

2

5

2

4

8

4

1

1

0

5

5

4

7

0

16

3

10

21

11

2

0

11

6

11

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5.2

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure?
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (%)

(ASK Q5.2 IF 'HAS FOREIGN DEBTORS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION' CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2)

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

4

4

4

7

5

6

2

1

2

2

1

5

1

7

1

4

6

2

13

2

7

7

9

1

1

12

6

3

0

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a
n
a

5

6

0

11

6

10

1

0

0

21

0

10

1

1

1

3

4

6

4

7

5

6

1

0

7

6

0

5

0

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

e
r
e
w

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

4

0

2

3

0

0

0

0

1

0

7

0

0

0

83

73

83

71

88

80

93

88

93

70

78

84

78

92

89

82

76

81

77

70

85

85

70

91

89

75

82

82

86

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

15

13

11

1

4

4

11

5

7

21

1

20

0

8

7

14

9

3

21

3

2

20

7

3

0

12

10

14

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

9

12

4

18

11

16

3

1

2

23

1

15

2

8

3

11

10

10

20

9

12

13

10

2

8

25

6

8

0

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5_2_out

 In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
(%)

 (IF 'CODE 2,3 IN Q1.2')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

6

5

5

6

5

12

2

3

4

2

1

10

1

9

3

1

11

3

13

2

10

10

12

0

1

14

9

1

0

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

1

3

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

5

0

3

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

7

1

0

0

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

8

14

0

18

10

14

2

0

0

38

0

19

1

0

2

2

6

8

5

9

10

1

1

1

17

7

0

3

0

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

77

64

87

68

85

66

78

95

91

47

81

70

81

91

89

81

70

79

78

68

74

88

70

87

81

72

79

85

82

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

14

8

7

0

7

17

2

5

13

18

1

16

0

5

11

13

7

4

21

5

1

17

12

1

0

11

11

18

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T37 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5FF.2

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
Foreign debtors in the European Union, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway or Switzerland (%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

5

4

5

6

4

10

2

3

4

2

1

9

2

9

3

1

10

3

13

6

10

10

11

0

1

14

9

1

0

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

1

4

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

5

0

3

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

7

1

0

0

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

8

13

0

18

9

15

2

0

0

37

0

17

1

0

2

3

6

8

5

9

9

0

1

1

16

7

0

8

0

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

78

61

87

68

87

67

80

95

91

49

81

73

80

91

89

80

72

77

78

66

75

89

72

87

83

72

80

80

82

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

18

8

7

0

7

15

2

5

12

18

1

16

0

5

11

12

9

4

19

5

1

16

12

0

0

10

11

18

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T38 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5.3

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure?
Foreign debtors in other countries (%)

(ASK Q5.3 IF 'HAS FOREIGN DEBTORS IN OTHER COUNTRIES' CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.3)

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a
n
a

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

e
r
e
w

4

7

5

1

3

6

1

2

5

1

1

0

10

0

7

5

4

7

4

6

8

1

8

0

2

5

3

1

0

5

3

0

6

6

8

0

0

6

8

0

6

2

1

1

13

3

15

6

6

4

1

8

1

9

0

9

1

3

1

0

0

0

0

2

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

5

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

1

1

16

0

0

1

81

60

72

81

87

81

90

86

89

89

87

93

82

99

77

72

73

63

82

66

84

87

65

88

84

78

74

90

80

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

9

30

23

12

4

3

9

11

0

2

12

1

6

0

8

5

20

15

4

22

4

11

19

10

4

1

14

8

16

'
s
e
Y

'

l

a
t
o
T

10

10

5

7

9

16

1

3

11

9

1

6

12

1

15

23

7

22

14

12

12

2

16

2

12

21

12

2

4

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T39 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5_3_out

 In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
(%)

 (IF 'CODE 2,3 IN Q1.3')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

6

16

5

0

0

7

2

3

11

2

1

0

18

0

11

7

6

11

6

18

12

1

12

0

7

6

4

0

1

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

2

0

0

0

0

3

0

3

0

0

0

1

1

0

2

7

0

0

6

0

0

0

0

2

6

2

0

1

2

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

8

7

0

8

8

14

0

0

2

13

1

10

3

0

1

17

6

22

6

8

8

1

11

0

28

1

12

2

5

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

74

51

70

84

83

74

74

91

86

83

98

88

76

100

74

62

71

56

76

48

72

79

50

75

59

90

67

82

79

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

10

26

25

8

9

2

24

3

1

2

0

1

2

0

12

7

17

11

6

26

8

19

27

23

0

1

17

15

13

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5FF.3

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
Foreign debtors in other countries (%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

e
v
i
t
c
e
p
s
e
r
r
i

,
s
e
Y

t
n
u
o
m
a

e
h
t

f
o

n
a

e
v
o
b
a

s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

%
5
n
a
h
t

r
e
w
o

l

t
n
u
o
m
a

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o

n
a
h
t

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
e
u
a
v

l

r
o
f

,
s
e
Y

r
e
v
o
n
r
u
t

y
n
a
p
m
o
c

f
o
%
5

6

16

5

0

0

7

2

3

10

2

1

0

16

0

11

7

6

11

6

14

9

1

10

0

6

6

4

0

0

8

7

0

8

8

13

0

0

1

13

1

10

2

0

1

17

5

22

6

7

6

1

10

0

25

1

12

2

4

1

0

0

0

1

3

0

2

0

0

0

0

1

0

2

7

0

0

6

0

0

0

0

2

5

2

0

1

2

e
r
e
w
s
e
u
s
s
i

e
h
t

,

o
N

y
l
b
a
c
i
m
a
d
e
v
l
o
s
e
r

76

51

70

84

82

76

77

92

88

83

98

89

79

100

74

62

74

56

76

52

78

82

55

78

63

90

66

82

82

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

9

26

25

8

9

1

21

3

1

2

0

1

2

0

12

7

15

11

6

27

7

16

25

20

1

1

18

15

12

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5T1

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure?
(%)

(ASK Q5T1 IF 'HAS DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN DEBTORS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION OR IN OTHER COUNTRIES'
CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.1, Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

f
o
t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
E

t
b
e
d
d
a
p
n
u

i

23

26

16

28

22

28

10

15

33

31

11

33

37

33

10

24

30

15

40

18

31

28

15

12

42

30

17

11

13

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
e
o
N

i

t
b
e
d
d
a
p
n
u
f
o

77

74

84

72

78

72

90

85

67

69

89

67

63

67

90

76

70

85

60

82

69

72

85

88

58

70

83

89

87

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T42 
 
 
 
 
Q5TT1

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure?
(%)

(ASK Q5TT1 IF 'HAS FOREIGN DEBTORS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION OR IN OTHER COUNTRIES'
CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

f
o
t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
E

i

t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f
d
a
p
n
u

i

f
o
t
n
e
m
e
c
r
o
f
n
e
o
N

i

t
b
e
d
n
g
e
r
o
f
d
a
p
n
u

i

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

10

14

3

16

10

16

3

2

6

16

1

13

8

5

7

18

10

11

20

10

13

11

11

2

13

26

9

7

3

90

86

97

84

90

84

97

98

94

84

99

87

92

95

93

82

90

89

80

90

87

89

89

98

87

74

91

93

97

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q5T3

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

Enforcement of
unpaid debt

No enforcement of
unpaid debt

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

31

45

5

41

22

39

32

19

28

51

12

42

40

20

18

32

29

30

32

33

37

32

22

19

42

37

26

18

13

69

55

95

59

78

61

68

81

72

49

88

58

60

80

82

68

71

70

68

67

63

68

78

81

58

63

74

82

87

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T44Q5TT3

In 2015, has your company enforced unpaid debt claims via any form of judicial or out-of-court procedure? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

Enforcement of
unpaid foreign debt

No enforcement of
unpaid foreign debt

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

16

27

4

21

12

25

5

3

8

27

1

20

12

7

11

22

17

15

19

15

20

9

15

1

26

26

14

8

5

84

73

96

79

88

75

95

97

92

73

99

80

88

93

89

78

83

85

81

85

80

91

85

99

74

74

86

92

95

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T45Q6

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision will depend on the rights
you will have against any debtors in their country?
(%)

y
l
e
k

i
l

y
r
e
V

15

20

12

11

10

13

12

13

17

21

16

28

18

17

9

11

16

6

16

22

18

15

11

24

19

10

9

15

11

y
l
e
k

i
l

y
l
r
i
a
F

17

15

11

9

13

9

17

8

24

14

22

14

19

15

22

23

26

12

24

13

13

18

19

23

24

21

17

13

10

y
l
e
k

i
l

t
o
N

15

11

17

14

10

12

16

15

11

14

9

11

22

8

21

16

11

12

18

14

21

25

28

16

16

18

14

12

10

y
l
e
k

i
l

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

35

37

41

29

54

51

17

47

27

45

40

28

29

41

27

26

31

38

22

33

41

29

34

30

28

37

38

40

44

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

18

17

19

37

13

15

38

17

21

6

13

19

12

19

21

24

16

32

20

18

7

13

8

7

13

14

22

20

25

'

y
l
e
k
i
L

'

l

a
t
o
T

32

35

23

20

23

22

29

21

41

35

38

42

37

32

31

34

42

18

40

35

31

33

30

47

43

31

26

28

21

'

y
l
e
k

i
l

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

50

48

58

43

64

63

33

62

38

59

49

39

51

49

48

42

42

50

40

47

62

54

62

46

44

55

52

52

54

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q6F

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision will depend on the rights
you will have against any debtors in their country?
(%)

(ASK Q6F IF CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

y
l
e
k

i
l

y
r
e
V

22

21

26

29

12

22

16

15

21

24

25

34

21

34

18

13

16

12

24

29

20

17

17

40

25

28

7

19

24

y
l
e
k

i
l

y
l
r
i
a
F

25

21

34

11

19

12

27

25

32

15

22

28

29

16

41

40

27

31

29

19

13

50

25

21

31

17

31

26

15

y
l
e
k

i
l

t
o
N

19

18

16

33

12

23

23

24

16

28

19

12

28

4

15

15

14

19

23

21

28

18

33

12

14

16

25

25

19

y
l
e
k

i
l

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

26

34

12

14

48

37

20

32

24

33

32

18

13

31

19

12

34

28

18

24

35

15

20

18

23

25

17

24

26

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

6

12

13

9

6

14

4

7

0

2

8

9

15

7

20

9

10

6

7

4

0

5

9

7

14

20

6

16

'

y
l
e
k
i
L

'

l

a
t
o
T

47

42

60

40

31

34

43

40

53

39

47

62

50

50

59

53

43

43

53

48

33

67

42

61

56

45

38

45

39

'

y
l
e
k

i
l

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

45

52

28

47

60

60

43

56

40

61

51

30

41

35

34

27

48

47

41

45

63

33

53

30

37

41

42

49

45

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T47 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q6FF

Thinking about investing in or trading with foreign firms, how likely is it that your decision will depend on the rights
you will have against any debtors in their country? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

y
l
e
k

i
l

y
r
e
V

22

26

20

31

11

21

16

14

21

27

27

36

16

32

27

18

19

13

28

31

17

10

17

37

28

23

11

26

21

y
l
e
k

i
l

y
l
r
i
a
F

26

20

34

2

21

18

34

25

34

13

29

35

17

20

34

36

21

42

29

19

16

51

13

25

24

19

41

40

13

y
l
e
k

i
l

t
o
N

21

27

17

36

12

20

30

23

13

32

16

12

37

6

13

11

16

19

20

23

28

24

43

18

20

18

17

21

21

y
l
e
k

i
l

l
l

a

t
a

t
o
N

23

21

15

14

48

34

7

37

25

27

25

12

16

27

22

12

38

18

20

13

34

15

20

18

23

29

18

12

31

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

6

14

17

8

7

13

1

7

1

3

5

14

15

4

23

6

8

3

14

5

0

7

2

5

11

13

1

14

'

y
l
e
k
i
L

'

l

a
t
o
T

48

46

54

33

32

39

50

39

55

40

56

71

33

52

61

54

40

55

57

50

33

61

30

62

52

42

52

66

34

'

y
l
e
k

i
l

t
o
N

'

l

a
t
o
T

44

48

32

50

60

54

37

60

38

59

41

24

53

33

35

23

54

37

40

36

62

39

63

36

43

47

35

33

52

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q7

How easy or difficult would you expect it to be to find out about the rights you would have against debtors
in their country?
(%)

(ASK Q7 IF CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q6)

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

7

6

8

5

7

8

8

8

4

10

1

12

5

5

4

5

10

5

9

8

14

6

1

10

7

5

3

4

8

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

30

25

33

21

34

31

32

33

20

18

25

33

27

26

41

34

23

32

22

34

45

27

19

41

33

19

30

31

38

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

43

55

40

39

37

38

37

38

58

51

46

29

48

45

42

49

50

47

40

41

34

43

42

36

42

49

55

48

37

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

12

11

10

18

6

15

3

13

14

17

26

12

14

13

5

5

15

13

15

11

6

14

18

8

8

13

10

11

10

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

8

3

9

17

16

8

20

8

4

4

2

14

6

11

8

7

2

3

14

6

1

10

20

5

10

14

2

6

7

'

y
s
a
E

'

l

a
t
o
T

37

31

41

26

41

39

40

41

24

28

26

45

32

31

45

39

33

37

31

42

59

33

20

51

40

24

33

35

46

'
t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i

D

'

l

a
t
o
T

55

66

50

57

43

53

40

51

72

68

72

41

62

58

47

54

65

60

55

52

40

57

60

44

50

62

65

59

47

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q7F

How easy or difficult would you expect it to be to find out about the rights you would have against debtors
in their country?
(%)

(ASK Q7F IF CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

10

11

8

10

14

9

14

4

6

18

4

15

9

14

4

11

13

6

7

14

19

13

1

22

6

9

4

9

1

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

37

33

58

18

41

41

37

58

32

24

36

35

37

50

61

38

21

36

26

38

48

26

14

39

38

25

37

39

47

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

39

42

30

38

30

29

38

27

59

44

31

34

49

35

25

38

54

41

35

38

27

49

58

33

43

50

51

42

36

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

9

10

3

21

2

14

2

10

0

13

29

12

4

0

9

9

8

13

22

8

6

6

19

6

6

8

6

3

13

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

4

1

13

13

7

9

1

3

1

0

4

1

1

1

4

4

4

10

2

0

6

8

0

7

8

2

7

3

'

y
s
a
E

'

l

a
t
o
T

47

44

66

28

55

50

51

62

38

42

40

50

46

64

65

49

34

42

33

52

67

39

15

61

44

34

41

48

48

'
t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i

D

'

l

a
t
o
T

48

52

33

59

32

43

40

37

59

57

60

46

53

35

34

47

62

54

57

46

33

55

77

39

49

58

57

45

49

EU28

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q7FF

How easy or difficult would you expect it to be to find out about the rights you would have against debtors
in their country? 
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

y
s
a
e

y
r
e
V

8

9

1

11

7

8

18

3

5

20

5

7

8

11

1

13

14

4

8

1

15

18

2

21

4

11

4

6

2

y
s
a
e

y
l
r
i
a
F

37

42

66

1

51

36

28

63

30

17

41

34

25

56

60

41

26

41

28

51

49

19

12

36

44

21

44

33

30

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
l
r
i
a
F

39

27

29

42

18

32

44

24

64

52

27

41

57

33

22

33

54

44

37

37

24

62

63

38

35

58

43

44

41

t
l
u
c
i
f
f
i
d
y
r
e
V

11

15

4

23

1

19

1

10

1

10

27

18

8

0

15

7

5

11

14

10

12

1

13

5

6

10

8

6

22

w
o
n
k

t
'
n
o
D

5

7

0

23

23

5

9

0

0

1

0

0

2

0

2

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    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q8

Which of the following would be the potential obstacles to investing in or trading with foreign firms?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

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28

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q8F

Which of the following would be the potential obstacles to investing in or trading with foreign firms?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

(ASK Q8F IF CODE 1, 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3)

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RO

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46

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53

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42

47

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28

60

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28

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T53 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q8FF

Which of the following would be the potential obstacles to investing in or trading with foreign firms?
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
(%)

(IF 'CODE 2 OR 3 IN Q1.2 OR Q1.3')

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31

37

    Insolvency   November 2016  Tablesof resultsFlash Eurobarometer 442             T54