COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT STATISTICAL ANNEX Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE Alert Mechanism Report 2017 (prepared in accordance with Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 on the prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances)
Date: 2016-11-16
Institutions: Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Commission
Subjects: EU Member State, economic disparity, economic growth, economic recovery, economic statistics, euro area, macroeconomics, multilateral surveillance, national accounts, public debt

EUROPEAN 
COMMISSION 

Brussels, 16.11.2016  
SWD(2016) 354 final 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 

STATISTICAL ANNEX 

Accompanying the document 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, 
THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK 
AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE 

Alert Mechanism Report 2017 

(prepared in accordance with Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation 
(EU) No 1176/2011 on the prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances) 

{COM(2016) 728 final} 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................................................................................................9 

STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS ...............................................................................10 

IMPROVING THE QUALITY FRAMEWORK AND ONGOING WORK .......................................................13 

Chapter 1: Tables by year - Headline indicators ..........................................................................14 

Table 1.1: MIP Scoreboard 2015...................................................................................................14 

Table 1.2: MIP Scoreboard 2014...................................................................................................16 

Table 1.3: MIP Scoreboard 2013...................................................................................................17 

Table 1.4: MIP Scoreboard 2012...................................................................................................18 

Table 1.5: MIP Scoreboard 2011...................................................................................................19 

Table 1.6: MIP Scoreboard 2010...................................................................................................20 

Table 1.7: MIP Scoreboard 2009...................................................................................................21 

Table 1.8: MIP Scoreboard 2008...................................................................................................22 

Table 1.9: MIP Scoreboard 2007...................................................................................................23 

Table 1.10: MIP Scoreboard 2006.................................................................................................24 

Chapter  2:  Tables  by  year  -  Auxiliary  indicators  used  in  the  economic  reading  of  the  MIP 
scoreboard.........................................................................................................................................25 

Table 2.1: Auxiliary indicators, 2015 ............................................................................................25 

Table 2.1 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2015 .........................................................................26 

Table 2.2: Auxiliary indicators, 2014 ............................................................................................27 

Table 2.2 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2014 .........................................................................28 

Table 2.3: Auxiliary indicators, 2013 ............................................................................................29 

Table 2.3 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2013 .........................................................................30 

Table 2.4: Auxiliary indicators, 2012 ............................................................................................31 

Table 2.4 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2012 .........................................................................32 

Table 2.5: Auxiliary indicators, 2011 ............................................................................................33 

Table 2.5 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2011 .........................................................................34 

Table 2.6: Auxiliary indicators, 2010 ............................................................................................35 

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Table 2.6 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2010 .........................................................................36 

Table 2.7: Auxiliary indicators, 2009 ............................................................................................37 

Table 2.7 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2009 .........................................................................38 

Table 2.8: Auxiliary indicators, 2008 ............................................................................................39 

Table 2.8 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2008 .........................................................................40 

Table 2.9: Auxiliary indicators, 2007 ............................................................................................41 

Table 2.9 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2007 .........................................................................42 

Table 2.10: Auxiliary indicators, 2006 ..........................................................................................43 

Table 2.10 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2006 .......................................................................44 

Chapter 3: Tables by indicator .......................................................................................................45 

Table 3.1: Current account balance, % of GDP (3 year average) ................................................45 

Table 3.2: Current account balance (% of GDP) ..........................................................................46 

Table 3.3: Net international investment position (% of GDP).......................................................47 

Table 3.4: Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, HICP deflator (3 years % change)
........................................................................................................................................................48 

Table 3.5: Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, HICP deflator (1 year % change)49 

Table 3.6: Export market share - % of world exports (5 years % change)....................................50 

Table 3.7: Export market share - % of world exports (1 year % change) .....................................51 

Table 3.8: Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (3 years % change)..................................52 

Table 3.9: Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (1 year % change) ...................................53 

Table 3.10: House price index (2010=100), deflated (1 year % change)......................................54 

Table 3.11: Private sector credit flow, consolidated (% of GDP) .................................................55 

Table 3.12: Private sector debt, consolidated (% of GDP) ...........................................................56 

Table 3.13: General government gross debt (% of GDP)..............................................................57 

Table 3.14: Unemployment rate (3 year average) .........................................................................58 

Table 3.15: Unemployment rate (%)..............................................................................................59 

Table 3.16: Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated (1 year % change)......................60 

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Table 3.17: Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated (Millions NC).............................61 

Table 3.18: Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64 (3 years change in p.p.) .................62 

Table 3.19: Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64 ........................................................63 

Table 3.20: Long-term unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-74 (3 years change 
in p.p.).............................................................................................................................................64 

Table 3.21: Long-term unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-74 .........................65 

Table  3.22:  Youth  unemployment  rate  -  %  of  active  population  aged  15-24  (3  years  change  in 
p.p.).................................................................................................................................................66 

Table 3.23: Youth unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-24.................................67 

Table 3.24: Real GDP (1 year % change) .....................................................................................68 

Table 3.25: Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .................................................................69 

Table 3.26: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) .....................................................70 

Table 3.27: Current plus capital account - Net lending-borrowing (% of GDP) ..........................71 

Table 3.28: Net external debt (% of GDP).....................................................................................72 

Table 3.29: Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy - flows (% of GDP)..................73 

Table 3.30: Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy - stocks (% of GDP) ................74 

Table 3.31: Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP).....................................................75 

Table 3.32: Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 years % change)........76 

Table 3.33: Export performance against advanced economies (5 years % change) .....................77 

Table 3.34: Terms of trade (5 years % change).............................................................................78 

Table 3.35: Export market share, volume (1 year % change) .......................................................79 

Table 3.36: Real labour productivity (1 year % change)...............................................................80 

Table 3.37: Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)..............................81 

Table 3.38: Unit labour cost performance relative to EA (10 years % change) ...........................82 

Table 3.39: House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change) ..................................83 

Table 3.40: Residential construction (% of GDP) .........................................................................84 

Table 3.41: Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) ....................................................85 

Table 3.42: Financial sector leverage (debt-to-equity), non-consolidated (%).............................86 
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Table 3.43: Employment rate (1 year % change) ..........................................................................87 

Table  3.44:  Young  people  neither  in  employment  nor  in  education  and  training  -  %  of  total 
population aged 15-24....................................................................................................................88 

Table 3.45: People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of total population.........................89 

Table 3.46: People at risk of poverty after social transfers - % of total population .....................90 

Table 3.47: Severely materially deprived people - % of total population .....................................91 

Table 3.48: People living in households with very low work intensity - % of total population aged 
0-59.................................................................................................................................................92 

Chapter 4: Tables by Member States - Headline indicators........................................................93 

Table 4.1: The MIP scoreboard for Belgium .................................................................................93 

Table 4.2: The MIP scoreboard for Bulgaria ................................................................................94 

Table 4.3: The MIP scoreboard for Czech Republic......................................................................95 

Table 4.4: The MIP scoreboard for Denmark................................................................................96 

Table 4.5: The MIP scoreboard for Germany................................................................................97 

Table 4.6: The MIP scoreboard for Estonia ..................................................................................98 

Table 4.7: The MIP scoreboard for Ireland...................................................................................99 

Table 4.8: The MIP scoreboard for Greece .................................................................................100 

Table 4.9: The MIP scoreboard for Spain ...................................................................................101 

Table 4.10: The MIP scoreboard for France ...............................................................................102 

Table 4.11: The MIP scoreboard for Croatia ..............................................................................103 

Table 4.12: The MIP scoreboard for Italy ...................................................................................104 

Table 4.13: The MIP scoreboard for Cyprus ...............................................................................105 

Table 4.14: The MIP scoreboard for Latvia ................................................................................106 

Table 4.15: The MIP scoreboard for Lithuania ...........................................................................107 

Table 4.16: The MIP scoreboard for Luxembourg ......................................................................108 

Table 4.17: The MIP scoreboard for Hungary ............................................................................109 

Table 4.18: The MIP scoreboard for Malta .................................................................................110 

Table 4.19: The MIP scoreboard for Netherlands .......................................................................111 
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Table 4.20: The MIP scoreboard for Austria...............................................................................112 

Table 4.21: The MIP scoreboard for Poland ...............................................................................113 

Table 4.22: The MIP scoreboard for Portugal ............................................................................114 

Table 4.23: The MIP scoreboard for Romania ............................................................................115 

Table 4.24: The MIP scoreboard for Slovenia.............................................................................116 

Table 4.25: The MIP scoreboard for Slovakia.............................................................................117 

Table 4.26: The MIP scoreboard for Finland..............................................................................118 

Table 4.27: The MIP scoreboard for Sweden ..............................................................................119 

Table 4.28: The MIP scoreboard for United Kingdom ................................................................120 

Chapter 5: Tables by Member States - Auxiliary indicators used in the economic reading of 
the MIP scoreboard .......................................................................................................................121 

Table 5.1: Auxiliary indicators for Belgium ................................................................................121 

Table 5.1 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Belgium .............................................................122 

Table 5.2: Auxiliary indicators for Bulgaria................................................................................123 

Table 5.2 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Bulgaria ............................................................124 

Table 5.3: Auxiliary indicators for Czech Republic.....................................................................125 

Table 5.3 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Czech Republic .................................................126 

Table 5.4: Auxiliary indicators for Denmark...............................................................................127 

Table 5.4 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Denmark ...........................................................128 

Table 5.5: Auxiliary indicators for Germany...............................................................................129 

Table 5.5 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Germany ...........................................................130 

Table 5.6: Auxiliary indicators for Estonia..................................................................................131 

Table 5.6 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Estonia ..............................................................132 

Table 5.7: Auxiliary indicators for Ireland ..................................................................................133 

Table 5.7 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Ireland...............................................................134 

Table 5.8: Auxiliary indicators for Greece ..................................................................................135 

Table 5.8 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Greece...............................................................136 

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Table 5.9: Auxiliary indicators for Spain.....................................................................................137 

Table 5.9 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Spain .................................................................138 

Table 5.10: Auxiliary indicators for France ................................................................................139 

Table 5.10 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for France.............................................................140 

Table 5.11: Auxiliary indicators for Croatia ...............................................................................141 

Table 5.11 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Croatia............................................................142 

Table 5.12: Auxiliary indicators for Italy ....................................................................................143 

Table 5.12 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Italy .................................................................144 

Table 5.13: Auxiliary indicators for Cyprus ................................................................................145 

Table 5.13 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Cyprus.............................................................146 

Table 5.14: Auxiliary indicators for Latvia..................................................................................147 

Table 5.14 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Latvia ..............................................................148 

Table 5.15: Auxiliary indicators for Lithuania ............................................................................149 

Table 5.15 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Lithuania.........................................................150 

Table 5.16: Auxiliary indicators for Luxembourg........................................................................151 

Table 5.16 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Luxembourg ....................................................152 

Table 5.17: Auxiliary indicators for Hungary..............................................................................153 

Table 5.17 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Hungary ..........................................................154 

Table 5.18: Auxiliary indicators for Malta ..................................................................................155 

Table 5.18 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Malta...............................................................156 

Table 5.19: Auxiliary indicators for Netherlands ........................................................................157 

Table 5.19 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Netherlands.....................................................158 

Table 5.20: Auxiliary indicators for Austria ................................................................................159 

Table 5.20 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Austria.............................................................160 

Table 5.21: Auxiliary indicators for Poland ................................................................................161 

Table 5.21 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Poland.............................................................162 

Table 5.22: Auxiliary indicators for Portugal..............................................................................163 

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Table 5.22 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Portugal ..........................................................164 

Table 5.23: Auxiliary indicators for Romania .............................................................................165 

Table 5.23 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Romania..........................................................166 

Table 5.24: Auxiliary indicators for Slovenia ..............................................................................167 

Table 5.24 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Slovenia...........................................................168 

Table 5.25: Auxiliary indicators for Slovakia ..............................................................................169 

Table 5.25 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Slovakia...........................................................170 

Table 5.26: Auxiliary indicators for Finland ...............................................................................171 

Table 5.26 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Finland............................................................172 

Table 5.27: Auxiliary indicators for Sweden................................................................................173 

Table 5.27 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Sweden ............................................................174 

Table 5.28: Auxiliary indicators for United Kingdom .................................................................175 

Table 5.28 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for United Kingdom..............................................176 

Chapter 6: Tables by year - MIP Scoreboard (base indicators)................................................177 

Table 6.1: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2015.....................................................................177 

Table 6.2: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2014.....................................................................178 

Table 6.3: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2013.....................................................................179 

Table 6.4: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2012.....................................................................180 

Table 6.5: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2011.....................................................................181 

Table 6.6: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2010.....................................................................182 

Table 6.7: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2009.....................................................................183 

Table 6.8: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2008.....................................................................184 

Table 6.9: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2007.....................................................................185 

Table 6.10: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2006...................................................................186 

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BACKGROUND INFORMATION 

This  Statistical  Annex  to  the  2017  Alert  Mechanism  Report  (AMR  2017)  presents  the 
Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP) scoreboard indicators and auxiliary indicators used in 
the  economic  reading  of  the  MIP  scoreboard.  The  MIP  scoreboard  and  auxiliary  indicators  are 
mainly  compiled  by  Eurostat,  from  the  data  transmitted  by  Member  States,  following  European 
legislation.  The  MIP  scoreboard  indicators  are  presented  with  their  indicative  thresholds  (used  in 
the AMR) while no thresholds are applied to the auxiliary indicators. 

The policy framework  of  the  MIP  relies on timely and high quality socio-economic and financial 
statistics. Since the publication of the first Statistical Annex in 2012, significant progress has been 
achieved towards enhancing the standards and methods used for the compilation of underlying data 
as well as strengthening the statistical quality assurance framework. 

The  MIP  Scoreboard  consists  of  fourteen  scoreboard  indicators  measuring  internal  and  external 
imbalances as well as social and labour market developments. The 10-year time series of the MIP 
scoreboard indicators are displayed in this statistical annex in Chapter 1 (by year) and Chapter 4 (by 
country).  Table  1  lists  the  MIP  scoreboard  indicators  together  with  detailed  information  on  their 
data sources. 

The  cut-off  date  for  the  data,  that  is  the  date  on  which  the  data  were  extracted  from  the  Eurostat 
database  for  the  preparation  of  this  document,  was  the  24th  October  2016.  For  additional 
information about the data, please contact ESTAT-MIP@ec.europa.eu. 

Table 1. MIP scoreboard indicators (AMR 2017) 

Indicator 

Unit 

Data source 

Statistical 
domain 

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100) 

3 years % change 

Current account balance (% of GDP) 

Net international investment position  
Real effective exchange rate (42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator) 
Export market share (% of world exports) 

House price index (2010=100), deflated 
Private sector credit flow, consolidated 
Private sector debt, consolidated 
General government gross debt  
Unemployment rate 
Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated 
Activity rate (% of total population aged 15-64) 
Long-term unemployment rate (% of active 
population aged 15-74) 
Youth unemployment rate (% of active population 
aged 15-24) 

3 year average 

% of GDP 

Eurostat 

Eurostat 

BOP/NA 

BOP/NA 

3 years % change 

DG ECFIN 

5 years % change  

Eurostat, IMF 

1 year % change  
% of GDP 
% of GDP 
% of GDP 
3 year average 
1 year % change  
3 years change in p.p. 

Eurostat 

Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 

BOP 

NA 

Price statistics / NA 
NA (FA) 
NA (FA) 
GFS 
EU-LFS 
NA (FA) 
EU-LFS 

3 years change in p.p. 

Eurostat 

EU-LFS 

3 years change in p.p. 

Eurostat 

EU-LFS 

Note:  NA  –  National  Accounts;  BOP  –  Balance  of  Payments;  FA  –  Financial  Accounts;  GFS  –  Government  Finance 
Statistics; and LFS – Labour Force Survey/Labour Market Statistics; p.p. – percentage points 

Supplementing  the  MIP  scoreboard  indicators,  a  list  of  25  auxiliary  indicators  (see  Table  2) 
provides additional information on aspects linked to the general macroeconomic situation, nominal 
and  real  convergence  inside  and  outside  the  European  Union  and  the  euro  area,  detailed  data  on 
external  liabilities,  including  foreign  direct  investment  and  net  external  debt,  and  social  statistics. 
The  auxiliary  indicators  enhance  the  information  base  for  understanding  potential  imbalances,  as 
well as the adjustment capacity of the economy. The auxiliary indicators are also presented in this 
Statistical Annex by year (in Chapter 2) and by country (in Chapter 5). 

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Table 2. MIP auxiliary indicators (AMR 2017) 

Indicator 

Unit 

Data source 

Real GDP 
Gross fixed capital formation 
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D 

1 year % change 
% of GDP 
% of GDP 

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing)  % of GDP 
% of GDP 
Net external debt 
% of GDP 
Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy – 
net inward flows 
Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy - 
stocks 
Net trade balance of energy products 

% of GDP 

% of GDP 

Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 

Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 

Statistical 
domain 

NA 
NA 
Business  Statistics/ 
NA 
BOP/NA 
BOP/ NA 
BOP/NA 

Eurostat 

BOP/NA 

Eurostat 

International  Trade/ 
NA 

3 years % change 

DG ECFIN 

Real  effective  exchange  rates  –  euro  area  trading 
partners 
Export performance against advanced economies 
Terms of trade 
Export market share - in volume 
Labour productivity 
Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100) 
Unit labour cost performance relative to euro area 
House price index (2010=100) - nominal 
Residential construction 
Private sector debt, non-consolidated 
Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated  
Employment rate 
Young  people  neither 
education and training 
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion  
People at risk of poverty after social transfers  
Severely materially deprived people  
People  living  in  households  with  very  low  work 
intensity  

5 years % change 
5 years % change 
1 year % change 
1 year % change  
10 years % change  
10 years % change 
3 years % change 
% of GDP 
% of GDP 
% debt to equity 
1 year % change 
%  of  total  population 
aged 15-24 
% of total population  
% of total population 
% of total population 
%  of  total  population 
aged 0-59 
Note: NA – National Accounts; BOP – Balance of Payments; FA – Financial Accounts; LFS – Labour Force Survey/Labour 
Market Statistics; SILC – Statistics on Income and Living Conditions; p.p. – percentage points 

Eurostat/OECD  BOP 
NA 
Eurostat 
Eurostat /IMF 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
DG ECFIN 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 

Price statistics / NA 
NA 
NA (FA) 
NA (FA) 
NA 
EU-LFS 

Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 
Eurostat 

SILC 
SILC 
SILC 
SILC 

in  employment  nor 

NA 
NA 

in 

In Chapter 3, the data is displayed for each MIP indicator separately to allow easy comparisons of 
Member States for the 10-year time series. In addition, in the same chapter short descriptions of the 
indicators  as  well  as  detailed  information  on  data  sources  and  methods  employed  for  their 
compilation are provided. 

STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS 

In 2014 the new statistical standards (the European System of Accounts, ESA 2010 and the Balance 
of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition, BPM6) and improvements 
in  the  statistical  production  process  in  the  Member  States  entered  into  force.  The  successful 
implementation  improved  the  quality  of  the  MIP  underlying  data.  Detailed  information  on  ESA 
2010 is made available on the Eurostat website – ESA2010 web section. 

BOP/IIP underlying MIP indicators 

The  revision  of  international  standards  and  changeover  to  the  6th  edition  of  the  Balance  of 
Payments  and  International  Investment  Position  Manual  (BPM6)  was  translated  into  new  data 
requirements  via  the  adoption  of  Commission  Regulation  (EU)  No  555/2012  and  ECB  Guideline 
(ECB/2011/23). According to the new legislation, Member States shall submit to the Commission 

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(Eurostat)  data  following  the  BPM6  requirements  from  2014  onwards  only.  The  length  of  time 
series available for the computation of MIP indicators based on the BPM6 is thus limited. 

However,  in  order  to  maintain  comparability  over  time,  the  majority  of  countries  has  back-
calculated the main BOP time series according to the new standards. As the transmission of back 
data by Member States is voluntary, some data gaps remained for a minority of countries. In order 
to  enlarge  data  coverage  and  support  policy  analysis,  Eurostat  has  taken  measures  in  close 
cooperation with Member States to improve the situation with regard to the availability of BOP/IIP 
back data. 

As a result, data coverage for the ten years timespan needed for this year's Statistical Annex (2006-
2015),  improved  considerably.  Moreover,  Eurostat  has  complemented  Member  States  efforts  by 
producing  some  estimates  which  were  then  approved  by  the  concerned  Member  State.  Thanks  to 
those efforts, coverage has substantially increased, reaching full coverage for the Net international 
investment position and only one value missing for the three years average of the Current account 
balance. The only indicator where some past values are missing for years before 2010 is the Export 
market  shares,  mainly  due  to  its  definition  which  requires  five  years  longer  time  series.  Table  3 
below summarise the improvement in coverage of the three Balance of Payments indicators. 

Table 3. Data coverage of the three BOP headline indicators for ten annual values (in %) 

Indicator 

Current account balance (% of GDP) – 3 years backward 
moving average  

Net international investment position – % of GDP  

Export market shares (% of world exports) – 5 years % change 

BPM6 data coverage 

2015 

90.0 

91.1 

78.9 

2016 

99.6 

100.0 

96.8 

Following  the  adoption  of  the  new  statistical  standards  and  according  to  the  Commission 
Regulation  (EU)  No  555/2012,  which  entered  into  force  on  January  2014,  some  BOP  series  have 
been discontinued. Therefore, values for the MIP auxiliary indicator on Net external debt could not 
be made available for some countries (see Chapter 3, Table 3.28) neither according the BPM5 nor 
the BPM6 methodology. 

Additional changes in 2016 

Ireland’s  Central  Statistics  Office  (CSO)  released  on  12  July  2016  the  new  national  accounts  for 
2015 with a large upward level shift of GDP by 26.3%. This was primarily due to the relocation to 
Ireland of a limited number of big economic operators and can be seen as an effect of increasing 
globalisation. This resulted not only in substantial changes to the indicators expressed as GDP ratios 
for 2015, but also affected other indicators, such as unit labour costs. 

The level shift of GDP was consistent with the revision of BOP data largely on the back of higher 
net  exports.  Reflecting  the  large  revision  of  net  exports,  the  current  account  surplus  was  revised 
upward  to  10.2%  of  GDP  from  4.4%  of  GDP.  The  recording  of  new  large  direct  and  portfolio 
investments  led  to  a  significant  deterioration  of  Ireland’s  negative  net  international  investment 
position (NIIP) to -208.0% of GDP from 69.6% of GDP.  

In  the  context  of  ESA  2010  implementation,  Hungary  is  refining  its  method  of  consolidating  the 
data  for  non-financial  corporations,  specifically  for  holding-like  units  inside  large  resident 

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corporation  groups.  This  has  a  significant  downward  impact  on  the  values  for  private  debt  and 
private credit flow.  

In  the  domain  of  Financial  Accounts  Germany  has  revised  its  compilation  of  the  monetary 
financial institutions, with an impact on the total financial sector liabilities indicator. Bulgaria has 
reclassified various enterprises between the institutional sectors of the economy, with an impact on 
private  sector  debt  and  credit  flow,  and  total  financial  sector  liabilities.  For  Estonia,  some 
methodological improvements have been made to the data for 2011-2015 but not for earlier years. 

The United Kingdom published in June 2016 a new House Price Index (HPI) which is calculated 
using new administrative data sources and methodology. The new HPI offers now full coverage of 
the  UK  housing  market,  improving  on  the  previous  ONS  HPI  which  was  calculated  using  only 
mortgage transactions. The new HPI also introduces improved methodology to address limitations 
with the previous house price indices published by Land Registry and ONS. 

Ireland's house price index was revised in September 2016 principally because the data source has 
changed. Previously, the house price index was based on mortgage transaction data. Now the house 
price index is based on Stamp Duty returns matched with Building Energy Rating data, a national 
database of buildings and census small area population statistics. These new data sources extend the 
coverage of the house price index to cover all transactions in the state, mortgage-based and cash-
based.  

From  2014  France  started  extending  the  Labour  Force  Survey  (LFS)  to  the  new  regions  of 
Guadeloupe,  Martinique,  Guyane,  La  Réunion,  and  Mayotte.  Due  to  the  different  situation  of  the 
labour market in these regions, breaks in the time series of the MIP indicators calculated on the LFS 
data may occur. The transition is not yet complete and not all indicators are available for the last 12 
years according to the new geographical definitions. 

Therefore  the  dissemination  policy  will  differ  among  indicators  depending  on  the  availability  of 
data according to the new definitions and the availability of back calculated series. Unemployment 
(by age groups) is available only for France including the additional regions, and back calculations 
are made available. As a consequence, and in line with last year's edition, the only option is to use 
the  definition  including  DROM1  for  both  MIP  indicators  unemployment  rate  and  youth 
unemployment rate. However, for active population and long-term unemployment back calculated 
data  are  not  available.  Here  the  only  option  is  to  publish  MIP  activity  rate  and  long  term 
unemployment rate according to the old geographical definition. 

The  activity  rate  for  metropolitan  France  in  2015  was  71.5%,  the  same  indicator  for  France 
including the additional regions was 71.3%. 

General Government Gross Debt data notified for the years 2012 to 2015 have been released on the 
21st October 2016 within the EDP notification; Eurostat expressed reservations on reported data of 
Cyprus, Belgium and Hungary. For more information on reservations and main revisions between 
the April 2016 and the October 2016 notifications please see the latest EDP news release. 

1 The Overseas departments and Regions (DROM) are: Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion Island and 
Mayotte (since April 2011). They are territorial authorities integrated into the French Republic with the same capacity 
as the departments and regions in Metropolitan France" 

12 

 
 
                                                            
IMPROVING THE QUALITY FRAMEWORK AND ONGOING WORK 

The credibility of the MIP and its smooth implementation depends critically on the availability and 
quality  of  the  MIP  relevant  statistics.  The  statistics  used  in  the  procedure  have  to  be  fit  for  the 
purpose, reliable and comparable among Member States and in time. For that reason, the scoreboard 
indicators  are  regularly  reviewed;  the  underlying  statistical  methodology  and  the  statistical 
production processes are constantly improved. 
On several occasions since 2011 the ECOFIN2 Council invited the Commission (Eurostat) to take 
all necessary initiatives to assure a reliable procedure for the compilation of these indicators as well 
as  a  continuous  improvement  of  the  underlying  statistical  information.  At  the  same  time,  the 
Council invited the European Statistical System (ESS) and the European System of Central Banks 
(ESCB) to work together on improving underlying statistics and to ensure their comparability. 

The  statistics  underlying  the  MIP  indicators  are  based  on  EU  legislation  but  compiled  by  the 
European  Statistical  System  (ESS)  and  the  European  System  of  Central  Banks  (ESCB).  
Following  the  three-level  approach  providing  the  frame  for  the  work  on  quality  assurance  of  the 
MIP indicators, in 2016 the following actions were performed: 

•  Level  1:  Preparation  of  an  annual  ESS-ESCB  quality  assessment  report  on  MIP  statistics  by 
Eurostat and the ECB aimed at policy makers and the public at large addressing the reliability 
and  comparability  of  the  MIP  related  statistics  and  actions  to  address  most  relevant  quality 
issues (second report prepared in 2016) 

•  Level  2:  Outline  of  the  harmonization  of  the  existing  Quality  Reports  on  Balance  of 
Payments/International  Investment  Position  produced  by  the  ESS  and  the  ESCB  taking  into 
account MIP requirements. In the area of National Accounts, a draft Commission Implementing 
Regulation  on  the  modalities,  structure,  periodicity  and  assessment  indicators  of  the  quality 
reports  on  data  transmitted  under  Regulation  (EU)  No  549/2013  is  under  consultation  with  a 
view  of  its  adoption  by  the  end  of  2016.  In  addition  the  Commission  (DG  ECFIN),  in  its 
capacity  as  the  compiler  of  the  Real  Effective  Exchange  Rate  (REER)  indicator,  publishes 
quality  information  on  real  effective  exchange  rate  indicators  on  its  website3  and  a  level  2 
quality report on the Labour Force Survey is available on the Eurostat website. 

•  Level 3: Development of condensed country specific self-assessment reports on the quality and 
statistical processes for statistics underlying the MIP indicators which are easily understandable 
by  users.  They  should  provide  the  basis  for  assuring  the  quality  of  the  statistics  and  their 
comparability  between  countries.  Member  States  are  encouraged  to  publish  such  reports.  In 
2016 information for the statistical domains Balance of Payments, Financial Accounts, Housing 
Price  statistics  and  the  Labour  Force  Survey  have  been  prepared  for  at  least  27  countries. 
Technical work has been undertaken to facilitate the implementation of the ESA 2010 country 
quality reports in 2017.  

2 ECOFIN – Economic  and Financial Affairs Council  
3 http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/competitiveness/documents/quality_report_en.pdf 

13 

 
 
                                                            
Chapter 1: Tables by year - Headline indicators 

Table 1.1: MIP Scoreboard 2015 

14 

 
 
 
Year 
2015 

Current 
account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Net 
international 
investment 
position 
(% of GDP) 

External imbalances and competitiveness

Internal imbalances

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP) 

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators¹
Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(3 year change in 
pp)

6%

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

-6%

10%

60%

14%

133%

0.5 pp

16.5%

-0.2 pp

Thresholds
BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 
Note: * The level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 1) See page 2 of the AMR 2016. 2)House price index e = source NCB of EL. 3) The level of TFSL in Greece is higher than would 

166.3
110.5
68.6 
212.8
98.9 
116.6
303.4
126.4
154.0
144.3
115.0
117.0
353.7
88.8 
55.0 
343.1
83.9 
139.1
228.8p 
126.4
79.0 
181.5
59.1 
87.3 
81.4 
155.7
188.6
157.8

-4/6%
-0.2 
0.6 
0.2 
8.8 
7.5 
0.9 
4.7* 
-1.2 
1.3 
-0.7 
2.7 
1.5 
-4.1 
-1.8 
0.9 
5.3 
3.0 
4.3 
9.1 
2.1 
-1.3 
0.7 
-1.0 
5.4 
1.1 
-1.0 
5.0 
-4.8 

-35% 
61.3
-60.0
-30.7
39.0
48.7
-40.9
-208.0*
-134.6
-89.9
-16.4
-77.7
-23.6
-130.3
-62.5
-44.7
35.8
-60.8
48.5
63.9
2.9
-62.8
-109.3
-51.9
-38.7
-61.0
0.6
4.1
-14.4

1.5
14.9p
0.5
4.9
5.7
14.4
-18.1
-11.1p
-0.7p
2.5p
-5.0
1.5
-10.5p
16.0
11.6
0.6
3.9
3.9
0.2p
6.1
-0.4p
0.0e
0.5p
-0.6
2.2
3.6
3.6
1.7

1.3p
1.6bp
3.9p
6.3
4.1
6.8
8.3
-3.5e
3.8
-1.3
-2.4
-2.6p
2.9bp
-2.7
4.6
6.1
11.6
2.8p
3.6
3.5
2.8
2.3
1.7
1.5
5.5
-0.4
12.0
5.7

-11.3
12.8
0.1
-8.8
-2.8
8.5
38.3*
-20.6
-3.5
-5.4
-3.5
-8.9
-16.8
10.5
15.5
22.9
-8.0
-8.8
-8.3
-9.6
9.7
2.8
21.1
-3.6
6.7
-20.5
-9.3
1.0

105.8
26.0
40.3
40.4
71.2
10.1
78.6
177.4
99.8
96.2
86.7
132.3
107.5
36.3
42.7
22.1
74.7
64.0
65.1
85.5
51.1
129.0
37.9
83.1
52.5
63.6
43.9
89.1

4.5
-0.3
0.9
-3.3
3.0
3.3
-6.7
-3.1
-2.7
4.4
-1.3
-1.7
4.4
0.7
2.2
24.2
-3.1
5.4
-1.6p
2.1
3.2
-2.3
0.2
-5.1
8.2
9.5
6.5
2.5

-1.0
7.0
7.7
-2.0
2.8
8.1
9.5
15.7
-2.1
1.8
2.1
1.7
2.8
12.2
6.7
15.5
0.4
1.3
3.2p
0.6
2.4
-1.6
4.1
-3.4
4.5
1.5
2.3
-7.8

8.5
11.2
6.1
6.6
4.9
7.4
11.3
26.3
24.2
10.3
17.0
12.2
15.7
10.9
10.5
6.1
8.2
5.9
7.2
5.6
8.9
14.4
6.9
9.6
13.0
8.8
7.8
6.3

0.7
2.2
2.4
-0.1
0.4
1.9
0.8
0.3
0.0
0.8
2.9
0.5
0.4
1.3
2.3
1.5b
4.9
4.5
0.6
0.4
1.6
0.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
0.6
1.4
0.8

1.0
-1.2
-0.6
-0.4
-0.4
-3.1
-3.7
3.7
0.4
0.6
0.1
1.3
3.2
-3.3
-2.7
0.3
-1.9
-0.7
1.1
0.5
-1.1
-0.5
0.0
0.4
-1.8
0.7
0.0
-1.1

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

otherwise have been recorded, due to the improved treatment of banks' holdings of short-term debt securities issued by banks.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

Real effective 
exchange rate - 
42 trading 
partners, HICP 
deflator 
(3 year % change) 
±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA) 
-1.2 
-4.1 
-8.0 
-1.5 
-1.4 
6.4 
-5.9 
-5.5 
-2.9 
-2.7 
0.1 
-2.2 
-6.2 
3.1 
4.0 
-0.5 
-6.9 
-0.2 
-0.6 
1.8 
-1.0 
-2.8 
2.7 
0.6 
-0.7 
2.3 
-7.9 
11.3 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(3 year change in 
pp) 
2 pp 
2.3 
-6.5 
-6.9 
-3.3 
-0.8 
-7.8 
-9.5 
-5.5 
-4.6 
0.3 
0.9 
5.0 
5.1 
-12.2 
-10.4 
-1.4 
-10.9 
-2.3 
-0.4 
1.2 
-5.7 
-6.0 
-0.9 
-4.3 
-7.5 
3.4 
-3.3 
-6.6 

15 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.2: MIP Scoreboard 2014 

External imbalances and competitiveness

Internal imbalances

Employment indicators¹

Year 
2014

Current 
account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Net 
international 
investment 
position 
(% of GDP) 

Real effective 
exchange rate - 
42 trading 
partners, HICP 
deflator 
(3 year % change) 

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP) 

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Thresholds 
BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
HR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 

-4/6%

-0.3

0.2

-0.6

7.7

7.0

-0.5

0.4

-2.5

0.8

-1.1

1.0

0.8

-5.1

-2.8

1.3

5.5

2.5

3.8

9.7

1.9

-2.4

-0.1

-2.2

4.5

1.3

-1.6

5.2

-4.2

-35% 
59.4 
-75.2 
-36.6 
52.5 
40.2 
-46.7 
-162.1 
-132.5 
-97.5 
-16.9 
-86.8 
-24.5 
-147.3 
-64.3 
-45.8 
33.5 
-75.8 
41.3 
57.8 
2.2 
-69.1 
-114.9 
-57.3 
-44.2 
-63.8 
-2.6 
-0.4 
-17.6 

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA) 
-0.6 
-2.8 
-10.0 
-1.2 
-0.4 
4.7 
-3.6 
-5.6 
-1.0 
-1.3 
-1.0 
0.2 
-1.7 
0.2 
1.5 
0.5 
-7.0 
0.1 
0.7 
1.9 
-1.3 
-1.8 
-1.1 
1.2 
1.2 
2.6 
-3.6 
10.0 

-6%

-12.1

6.0

-5.7

-15.7

-8.9

21.2

-12.0

-18.0

-12.0

-14.1

-18.6

-14.8

-23.7

9.4

34.4

11.3

-15.8

-16.6

-10.8

-16.3

5.3

-5.5

20.8

-12.4

2.4

-25.1

-9.1

-9.9

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

5.5

18.0p

4.0

4.1

7.3

10.8

-0.5

-10.9p

-3.5p

4.6p

-5.8

2.2

-7.8p

15.6

8.8

4.8

6.7

7.2

4.1p

7.7

2.9

-2.7

7.3

-0.1

1.9

7.9

6.9

2.6

6%

-1.3

1.5p

1.8

3.0

2.2

13.1

15.1

-5.1e

0.2

-1.7

-1.1

-4.5p

-1.3p

4.2

6.3

4.1

3.2

2.4

0.0

1.4

1.1

3.9

-3.2

-6.6

1.5

-1.8

8.2

6.2

14%

0.9

-1.1

1.7

-0.2

0.2

4.5

2.5

-2.8

-7.2

3.0

0.4

-0.5

0.2

-11.8

0.2

20.1

-0.5

7.4

-1.7

0.9

4.6

-5.9

-2.4

-4.7

5.7

0.8

5.9

2.3

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) See page 2 of the AMR 2016. 2) House price index e = source NCB of EL.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

133%

60%

163.5

123.6
71.5 
218.8
99.5 
116.7

281.3

128.5

165.4

142.4

119.5

120.1

354.3
96.3 
54.0 
327.9
91.0 
146.7

229.6

126.2
78.1 
192.4
62.1 
98.1 
77.6 
147.4

192.9

160.0

106.5

27.0

42.2

44.8

74.9

10.7

105.2

179.7

100.4

95.3

86.6

131.9

107.1

40.7

40.5

22.7

75.7

67.0

67.9

84.4

50.2

130.6

39.4

80.9

53.6

60.2

45.2

88.1

10%

8.2

12.2

6.7

7.0

5.2

8.7

13.0

26.2

25.1

10.1

16.9

11.8

14.6

12.6

12.0

5.7

9.6

6.2

6.8

5.3

9.8

15.4

6.9

9.6

13.8

8.2

8.0

7.2

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(3 year change in
pp)

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

3.5

5.6

5.2

6.8

4.2

13.0

23.1

-6.7

-1.2

4.2

0.9

0.7

-3.5

10.4

16.3

29.9

8.5

6.3

8.7

-1.1

0.7

-7.3

1.2

-0.2

6.9

8.8

13.5

4.7

1.0

3.1

3.0

-1.2

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.1

0.3

1.3

2.0

1.8

0.8

1.8

2.3

2.9

4.6

4.5

0.9

0.8

2.2

-0.4

1.6

0.6

1.6

0.5

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.0

-0.1

-0.6

-3.8

-2.0

10.7

4.0

0.6

1.7

3.4

6.1

-4.2

-3.2

0.2

-1.5

-0.3

1.3

0.3

0.2

2.2

-0.1

1.7

0.0

0.2

-0.1

-0.5

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(3 year change in 
pp) 
2 pp
4.5 
-1.2 
-2.2 
-1.6 
-0.8 
-7.4 
-5.2 
7.7 
7.0 
1.6 
8.8 
13.5 
13.6 
-11.4 
-13.3 
5.9 
-5.6 
-1.6 
2.7 
1.4 
-1.9 
4.5 
0.1 
4.5 
-4.0 
0.4 
0.1 
-4.3 

16 

 
 
 
Table 1.3: MIP Scoreboard 2013 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2013

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

-4/6%

-35%

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-0.5

0.3

-1.4

6.9

6.6

-0.3

-0.8

-5.3

-0.6

-1.0

0.0

-0.8

-5.0

-3.2

-1.2

5.9

2.1

1.4

9.6

1.7

-3.4

-2.1

-3.6

2.5

-0.7

-1.8

5.5

-3.3

51.9

-73.3

-41.4

37.8

33.8

-50.1

-131.7

-130.4

-94.3

-16.6

-88.9

-25.3

-138.9

-66.4

-47.0

44.4

-83.5

20.2

31.0

1.3

-69.0

-116.3

-62.6

-46.6

-62.3

3.9

-12.7

-16.2

-0.2

-1.0

-3.1

-2.6

-1.9

3.1

-3.9

-4.4

-0.4

-2.3

-4.0

0.0

-0.8

-1.7

-0.6

0.7

-4.0

-1.3

0.4

0.7

-4.3

-0.6

0.3

-0.7

2.1

0.1

5.1

3.4

-6%

-12.4

0.6

-9.1

-17.2

-11.9

10.4

-7.5

-25.2

-10.6

-14.3

-22.8

-19.6

-14.6

6.6

20.2

3.8

-22.2

-0.7

-10.7

-17.8

0.5

-6.8

14.6

-17.8

-3.5

-30.8

-16.6

-12.0

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

8.6

15.6p

4.2

2.9

5.9

8.2

4.0

-10.0p

-4.1p

4.6

-3.0

2.9

-2.3

7.8

6.2

7.1

5.9

9.0

5.2

6.3

3.1

-3.4

-3.2

0.4

2.2

9.1

8.6

2.9

6%

0.3

0.4p

-0.8

3.1

2.0

7.7

1.1

-9.1e

-10.1

-2.6

-5.7

-6.9p

-4.1p

6.6

0.2

3.4

-4.3

-1.5

-8.2

2.9

-4.7

-2.7

-2.8

-6.0

-0.4

-1.3

4.7

0.3

14%

9.4

7.2

4.4

-4.2

1.7

4.0

-1.4

-6.4

-10.3

2.1

-0.6

-3.0

-11.7

0.9

-1.2

-5.5

-0.9

2.7

2.1

0.7

3.3

-1.9

-1.4

-4.0

5.1

2.8

4.8

3.9

133%

163.8

131.9

73.7

218.5

102.8

115.9

267.3

129.1

176.7

137.7

118.4

121.9

340.9

92.7

56.3

321.3

95.4

146.6

226.9

128.0

75.4

204.4

66.6

108.2

74.0

147.7

192.1

167.8

60%

105.4

17.0

44.9

44.7

77.5

10.2

119.5

177.4

95.4

92.3

82.2

129.0

102.2

39.0

38.7

23.5

76.6

68.4

67.7

81.3

55.7

129.0

37.8

71.0

54.7

56.5

40.4

86.2

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB of EL.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

10%

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

7.7

12.2

6.9

7.4

5.5

10.3

14.2

23.3

24.1

9.8

15.7

10.4

11.9

14.4

13.5

5.3

10.7

6.4

6.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

7.0

9.1

14.0

7.9

7.9

7.9

-1.3

4.3

11.4

1.8

-6.1

10.5

-2.7

-17.2

-11.6

0.4

2.8

-2.5

-15.0

5.2

-1.3

11.2

-1.9

1.7

-2.4

-3.2

7.4

-5.3

0.8

-10.3

0.0

-11.8

8.6

-6.9

-0.2

1.7

2.7

-1.3

0.9

1.2

0.4

-0.3

0.8

0.8

-1.4

1.4

0.0

1.0

2.2

1.7

2.8

4.6

1.2

1.1

1.7

-0.7

0.0

-1.0

1.2

0.7

2.0

1.0

-0.1

2.7

0.0

0.3

-1.0

-3.8

1.0

12.8

5.7

0.5

4.4

2.9

4.8

-3.1

-2.3

0.5

-0.6

-0.2

1.3

0.1

1.4

3.6

0.8

2.0

0.7

-0.3

-0.2

0.2

2 pp

1.3

6.5

0.6

-0.9

-2.0

-14.2

-0.8

25.3

14.0

1.6

17.6

12.1

22.3

-13.0

-13.8

1.1

0.2

-0.2

2.1

0.2

3.6

9.9

1.6

6.9

-0.2

-1.5

-1.2

0.8

17 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.4: MIP Scoreboard 2012 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2012

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

-4/6%

-35%

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

0.2

-0.7

-2.4

6.5

6.2

0.4

-2.1

-8.4

-2.4

-1.0

-0.7

-2.3

-7.1

-1.6

-1.8

6.2

0.9

-1.1

8.7

2.0

-4.8

-6.0

-4.9

0.9

-2.9

-0.8

5.7

51.8

-77.9

-45.9

36.3

28.0

-51.1

-137.3

-115.9

-89.9

-12.8

-90.8

-23.9

-129.2

-67.4

-53.4

52.2

-94.0

19.5

27.0

-3.2

-65.4

-116.5

-67.4

-49.9

-61.8

11.7

-14.6

UK

-2.7
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

-22.4

-4.2

-4.0

0.4

-7.8

-9.0

-3.6

-12.2

-5.0

-5.3

-7.8

-8.3

-6.2

-5.9

-8.6

-6.7

-2.4

-1.0

-7.6

-6.0

-4.7

1.2

-4.0

-1.9

-4.5

-3.1

-8.2

10.1

5.8

-6%

-14.9

-0.3

-3.8

-17.1

-16.0

7.6

-15.7

-24.7

-17.6

-18.0

-23.5

-25.1

-21.5e

8.7

33.3

-9.6

-20.8

13.0

-12.2

-21.1

2.1

-16.0

13.1

-20.4

-9.6

-30.8

-18.9

-20.7

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

5.6

12.2p

3.5

0.6

2.7

-1.1

-8.3

-2.3p

-5.1p

4.4

-0.6

2.1

3.1

-6.9

-4.2

5.9

4.1

8.0

2.3

3.7

5.3

-6.3

-0.2b

0.6

0.8

6.0

4.0

3.2

6%

0.2

-5.3p

-3.5

-5.0

2.0

3.2

-15.2

-12.0e

-16.8

-1.9

-4.6

-5.4p

-5.4p

-0.4

-3.2

2.2

-9.3

0.6

-8.0

4.8

-6.6

-8.7

-9.1

-8.2

-5.9

-0.4

0.7

-1.5

14%

14.4

3.0

2.9

8.0

1.2

6.8

-0.6

-5.9

-11.2

4.4

-3.0

-0.8

15.5

-2.1

0.3

31.0

-6.1

0.4

2.1

1.3

4.8

-3.7

0.3

-2.9

3.1

7.4

2.3

0.5

133%

186.7

125.0

70.7

225.5

102.1

117.8

278.8

131.5

187.8

138.5

119.7

125.1

327.4

98.1

61.1

351.2

102.0

153.6

229.1

129.2

73.5

211.7

71.9

112.5

70.6

148.6

192.3

174.0

60%

104.1

16.7

44.5

45.2

79.9

9.7

119.5

159.6

85.7

89.5

70.7

123.3

79.3

41.3

39.8

21.8

78.2

67.6

66.4

82.0

53.7

126.2

37.3

53.9

52.2

53.9

37.8

85.1

10%

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

7.7

11.3

7.0

7.5

6.1

13.0

14.4

18.4

22.0

9.4

13.8

9.2

8.7

16.9

15.5

4.8

11.1

6.5

5.3

4.8

9.8

13.6

7.0

8.1

14.1

8.0

8.1

7.9

-6.3

10.2

5.2

2.5

3.3

10.4

-1.8

-2.6

2.7

1.2

1.7

7.3

6.3

5.2

-0.6

14.8

-5.9

6.2

5.4

0.4

10.6

-1.8

4.4

-0.7

3.5

-0.6

5.3

-2.9

0.0

-0.1

1.5

-1.6

0.9

0.8

-1.4

0.1

1.2

0.4

-1.7

1.2

0.5

0.9

2.2

0.7

2.5

3.7

-0.7

0.8

1.8

0.0

1.7

-1.4

1.0

0.2

1.4

0.4

-0.1

3.9

1.0

1.5

-1.1

1.8

5.5

10.6

6.7

0.7

5.1

2.2

3.0

3.3

3.3

0.4

0.8

0.2

1.1

0.0

1.5

3.5

0.8

2.5

2.8

0.2

0.4

0.8

2 pp

-2.1

13.0

2.9

2.3

-3.1

-6.5

6.4

29.6

15.2

0.8

16.9

10.0

13.9

-4.8

-2.9

1.5

1.8

-0.4

1.5

-1.3

5.9

12.7

2.6

7.0

6.4

-2.5

-1.3

2.1

Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: RO break in time series. Since the indicator is three years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index e = source NCB for EL.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

18 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.5: MIP Scoreboard 2011 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2011

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

-4/6%

-35%

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-0.1

-3.2

-2.7

5.6

5.8

1.9

-2.8

-11.2

-3.8

-0.9

-2.4

-2.8

-7.7

2.2

-0.7

6.7

0.1

-3.8

7.1

2.4

-4.8

-8.9

-4.9

-0.2

-4.4

0.5

5.8

-2.5

60.9

-82.8

-45.2

28.0

23.2

-54.8

-138.3

-88.8

-91.9

-8.7

-91.7

-19.2

-129.9

-74.6

-52.5

29.1

-106.3

6.2

20.4

-1.9

-62.4

-100.7

-65.4

-45.2

-64.4

15.1

-8.0

-5.9

-1.6

1.9

-0.6

-2.5

-4.9

-0.8

-9.6

1.8

-2.5

-4.4

-4.4

-3.2

-3.0

-2.5

1.7

0.1

-4.2

-5.0

-2.4

-1.9

-11.5

-3.0

-3.3

-1.1

3.4

-2.8

2.9

-8.3

-6%

-7.2

11.6

7.9

-13.4

-8.8

24.8

-10.5

-15.5

-8.2

-15.1

-15.8

-18.9

-11.2e

27.1

30.1

-3.4

-2.0

18.2

-7.9

-12.1

15.7

-8.2

50.6

-5.4

-2.3

-23.3

-11.8

-25.6

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

5.3

17.7

3.2

4.4

5.7

-2.6

-13.5b

6.8p

-1.0p

5.5

7.6

5.3

9.4

-21.0

-7.8

10.3

3.2

10.5

4.8

5.9

4.2

-0.6

-0.5

8.3

6.1

9.4

5.6

7.0

6%

1.0

-8.7p

-1.3

-4.0

1.4

2.6

-16.9

-7.6e

-9.8

3.9

-2.2

-2.1p

-4.5p

4.0

2.4

0.7

-6.9

-3.5

-4.0

3.0

-4.6

-6.5

-15.8

0.9

-5.2

0.0

0.8

-4.8

14%

21.3

1.4

2.1

4.5

1.6

-1.1

16.2

-6.5

-3.7

6.4

-2.3

3.1

13.0

-2.0

-2.2

48.6

-4.4

7.2

3.6

3.0

6.7

-0.9

2.8

0.4

3.0

3.6

6.9

-1.2

133%

174.1

124.2

68.3

222.6

102.7

120.4

270.9

130.2

196.2

135.3

122.6

122.7

321.6

115.5

64.7

328.3

114.9

158.5

228.1

130.1

73.9

204.1

72.9

113.0

70.2

145.4

190.7

173.1

60%

102.3

15.2

39.8

46.4

78.7

6.1

109.6

172.1

69.5

85.2

65.2

116.5

65.2

42.8

37.2

18.8

80.7

70.0

61.6

82.6

54.1

111.4

34.2

46.6

43.7

48.5

37.5

81.6

10%

16.5%

7.8

9.5

6.9

7.0

6.8

14.2

13.5

13.4

19.7

9.2

11.5

8.2

6.5

17.7

15.7

4.8

10.7

6.7

4.8

4.9

9.2

11.9

6.9

7.1

13.4i

8.1

8.2

7.8

7.4

5.4

3.5

1.6

2.9

-0.6

-2.2

-3.7

2.8

6.7

2.4

4.9

-6.1

-4.1

2.5

10.1

6.2

10.9

9.1

1.5

4.9

-4.5

4.6

-1.2

0.3

28.4

3.4

10.9

-0.2 pp

-0.4

-1.9b

0.8b

-1.4

1.4b

0.5

-2.9

0.6

1.2

0.2

-1.7

-0.8

-0.1

-1.4

3.0

1.1

1.2

2.7

-1.2b

0.7

1.9

-0.3b

1.2

-1.5

-0.1b

-1.1

0.6

-0.3

0.5 pp

0.2

3.4

0.5

1.3

-1.1

5.4

6.9

5.1

6.9

1.0

3.1

1.3

1.1

6.9

6.7

-0.2

1.6

0.4

0.7

0.2

1.1

2.6

0.5

1.7

2.6

0.5

0.7

1.3

2 pp

0.7

13.1

8.2

6.2

-1.9

10.4

15.8

22.8

21.7

3.7

13.0

8.0

13.4

17.4

19.3

-0.9

6.5

1.6

1.4

0.4

8.6

8.6

6.3

5.3

14.4i

3.6

2.6

6.3

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: IE break in time series. Since the indicator is three years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index e = source NCB for EL. 3) Unemployment rate for SK, i= Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census. 4) Youth unemployment rate for SK, i = Eurostat
back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

19 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.6: MIP Scoreboard 2010 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2010

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-4/6%

-0.1

-10.7

-2.6

4.3

5.7

-1.5

-4.3

-12.9

-5.8

-0.9

-5.2

-2.7

-11.5

-0.8

-3.9

7.2

-2.5

-4.1

5.9

3.3

-5.3

-10.9

-7.2

-2.0

-4.9

1.8

6.6

-3.1

-35%

65.2

-91.9

-46.1

12.9

25.7

-71.2

-114.9

-99.0

-88.6

-9.3

-94.3

-20.7

-111.2

-82.9

-55.9

-20.5

-108.8

12.1

11.2

-5.2

-65.1

-104.3

-63.4

-47.2

-61.9

16.5

-5.6

-4.0

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

0.5

9.7

12.0

0.2

-3.7

4.6

-5.4

2.9

-0.3

-2.2

2.0

-1.9

0.0

6.7

7.2

1.2

-1.2

-0.7

-1.5

-2.0

-1.4

-3.1

-10.8

1.2

10.9

-1.2

-3.3

-20.4

-6%

-11.1

8.3

11.7

-10.3

-7.5

9.7

-6.8

-14.0

-11.4

-17.2

-12.9

-18.7

-15.7e

22.0

19.4

3.6

3.7

38.3

-7.9

-12.3

25.1

-6.6

53.8

-1.3

4.2

-19.3

-12.5

-23.5

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

7.5

29.5

6.2

10.3

7.5

13.8

-6.5

14.0

5.7p

7.5

12.5

8.9

10.6

-2.3

0.3

16.5

6.1

9.2

7.6

8.9

11.3b

4.2

28.8

16.1

9.5

13.2

8.3

9.1

6%

1.4

-12.3p

-2.3

0.3

-0.9

2.1

-11.6

-8.0e

-3.7

3.6

-7.8

-2.2b

-7.6p

-8.7

-8.6

4.0

-5.9

-1.1

-2.7

4.4be

-6.1e

-1.0

-13.8

-1.3

-5.0

4.8

6.4

3.5

14%

3.2

3.7

2.7

-2.9

0.0

-7.6

2.2

5.5

0.9

4.6

4.9

5.0

13.2

2.5

-5.9

-16.7

-4.2

6.8

2.8

0.3

4.3

5.3

0.9

1.9

2.9

7.3

5.3

-2.7

133%

60%

10%

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

161.6

132.5

68.1

222.1

106.6

140.4

257.9

128.1

200.3

131.8

125.2

123.3

315.6

134.0

74.5

302.2

115.5

162.0

229.5

132.9

69.7

201.5

73.9

115.1

67.4

148.9

189.0

175.5

99.7

15.3

38.2

42.9

81.0

6.6

86.3

146.2

60.1

81.6

58.3

115.4

55.8

47.4

36.2

19.9

80.5

67.6

59.3

82.8

53.1

96.2

29.9

38.4

41.2

47.1

38.3

76.0

7.7

7.6i

6.1

5.6

7.3

11.9

10.8

10.0

16.4

8.6

9.8

7.6

5.1

14.9

12.5

4.9

9.7

6.6

4.4

4.7

8.3

10.5

6.4

5.9

12.1

7.7

7.7

7.0

-0.5

-5.4

3.1

9.7

-1.1

-8.9

6.3

8.3

-2.0

3.3

3.3

4.2

8.4

-0.3

0.3

11.3

-0.2

12.4

5.9

-1.9

13.5

11.5

5.0

-3.4

1.6

9.2

2.9

8.3

0.6

0.4b

0.3

-0.7

1.1b

0.7

-3.2

1.3

1.7

0.6

-0.6

-0.4

-0.3

0.4

2.3

1.3

0.3

1.6

-0.3b

0.9

2.1b

-0.2

1.9b

0.2

0.4

-1.1

0.0

-0.1

0.2

0.7

0.2

0.9

-1.6

5.3

5.4

1.5

5.6

0.5

0.6

1.1

0.6

7.2

6.0

0.1

2.0

0.4

0.0

-0.1

-2.1

1.9

-0.8

1.0

0.9

0.5

0.8

1.2

2 pp

3.6

7.8i

7.6

6.4

-2.0

22.8

18.5

10.3

23.4

3.8

7.2

7.5

6.4

25.6

27.3

0.2

8.3

-0.3

1.7

0.1

2.1

6.8

2.8

4.6

13.3

4.9

5.6

5.6

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: PL break in time series. Since the indicator is three years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index e = NSI estimates for PL; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 3) Unemployment rate: BG for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 4)
Youth unemployment rate: BG for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

20 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.7: MIP Scoreboard 2009 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2009

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-4/6%

0.0

-18.1

-2.8

2.6

6.0

-7.1

-6.0

-14.2

-7.7

-0.7

-7.2

-2.0

-11.7

-8.4

-8.8

8.3

-5.0

-3.2

5.8

3.7

-5.7

-10.8

-10.2

-3.3

-5.3

2.7

7.3

-3.0

-35%

57.5

-49.7

-44.0

0.9

25.0

-80.1

-116.8

-87.5

-93.5

-14.8

-86.9

-22.3

-100.3

-82.7

-58.4

-29.5

-115.5

12.6

1.4

-5.1

-57.3

-107.9

-62.0

-43.6

-66.5

3.2

-7.2

-10.6

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

3.9

18.3

13.7

5.5

2.9

13.6

5.1

4.8

4.6

2.6

5.8

3.6

3.5

23.4

16.6

3.8

7.8

5.8

2.6

2.0

-3.9

1.0

-5.0

5.2

26.9

4.9

-8.5

-19.9

-6%

-8.9

19.4

27.3

na

-6.5

16.5

2.0

-10.2

-8.8

-14.3

-5.0

-17.7

-9.0e

52.8

31.1

12.0

13.1

46.0

-5.2

-5.9

34.7

-7.9

69.7

9.8

9.7

-12.8

-15.7

-19.8

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

10.1

34.6

9.1

17.1

8.1

39.2

9.7

15.8

11.8p

8.2

27.8

11.1

12.4

37.3

13.0

18.3

13.0

11.2

12.1

10.3

12.3

6.6

37.0

18.5

10.9

15.2

15.9

11.3

6%

-0.1

-21.0p

-4.7

-13.1

1.2

-37.1

-13.6

-4.6e

-5.8

-4.9

-8.0

-0.1

-6.6

-34.9

-32.8

-1.8

-9.0

-6.2

-3.5

3.5e

-5.3e

1.0

-27.1e

-10.3

-12.8

-0.4p

0.7

-9.7

14%

6.2

4.7

0.7

-1.9

-0.9

-6.0

-4.6

2.2

-1.2

3.3

2.6

0.8

7.9

-8.6

-9.4

-32.1

6.0

10.6

8.5

1.3

4.4

5.3

-1.7

2.9

3.0

0.8

5.9

-7.7

133%

60%

10%

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

164.7

133.8

66.0

233.3

113.1

153.2

256.7

116.5

201.4

130.5

118.6

122.5

306.0

125.4

83.3

350.1

117.0

167.6

231.4

132.8

67.1

204.2

71.9

113.5

69.2

142.8

201.5

185.5

99.5

13.7

34.1

40.4

72.6

7.0

61.7

126.7

52.7

78.9

49.0

112.5

53.4

36.6

28.0

16.0

77.8

67.8

56.9

80.1

49.4

83.6

23.2

34.6

36.3

41.7

41.0

64.5

7.5

6.4

5.5

4.4

7.8

7.9

7.7

8.6

12.5

8.2

9.2

6.8

4.3

10.4

8.0

4.7

8.4

6.5

4.1

4.8

8.3i

9.5

6.2

5.1

11.0

7.2

6.9

6.2

-1.4

1.3

2.4

5.6

-6.4

-7.8

3.4

10.1

3.7

0.1

5.0

5.0

11.6

-9.2

-4.7

6.4

1.9

4.4

7.8

-2.0

8.9

8.9

16.0

7.7

-4.7

18.2

3.3

-16.9

0.4

2.7

-0.2

-0.4

1.4

1.2

-1.3b

0.7b

2.0

0.7

2.6

-0.3

0.0b

2.5

2.0

2.0b

-0.8

1.5

2.3

1.9

1.3

-0.2

-0.5

0.9

-0.2

-0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.7

-2.1

-1.9

-0.2

-2.2

0.8

2.1

-1.0

2.5

-0.5

-1.3

0.1

-0.3

2.1

0.7

-0.2

0.8

0.2

-0.9

-0.3

-5.3

0.3

-1.9

-1.1

-3.7

-0.5

0.1

0.7

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for PL, RO; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unemployment rate: PL for 2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 3) Youth unemployment rate: PL for 2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

2 pp

1.4

-3.2

-0.9

4.1

-2.5

15.3

15.3

0.7

19.8

1.6

-3.6

3.5

3.8

19.7

19.6

1.0

7.3

-1.0

0.2

0.9

-9.2i

4.1

-0.2

-0.3

0.6

2.8

3.5

5.2

21 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.8: MIP Scoreboard 2008 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2008

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-4/6%

1.0

-21.0

-2.8

2.6

6.0

-12.9

-6.1

-13.9

-9.3

-0.4

-7.6

-1.9

-11.8

-17.9

-13.0

9.2

-7.1

-3.2

7.1

3.9

-5.7

-10.8

-12.0

-3.8

-7.3

3.3

8.1

-2.7

-35%

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

51.8

-48.0

-38.2

-5.1

18.2

-75.4

-95.8

-75.8

-80.2

-13.8

-73.8

-21.7

-79.1

-74.2

-51.5

16.5

-102.2

4.2

-8.1

-10.1

-55.6

-95.1

-52.5

-39.4

-58.1

-4.6

-7.9

9.0

3.4

18.5

23.3

2.1

0.9

12.6

7.3

2.3

5.2

1.5

5.3

1.8

2.2

20.8

8.9

3.4

8.1

5.8

-0.1

-0.1

14.3

2.1

9.5

2.1

24.9

-0.4

-2.1

-11.2

-6%

-11.0

35.6

53.1

na

-4.5

37.0

-16.7

4.8

-14.3

-18.8

-5.7

-15.9

-25.3e

76.8

43.0e

15.7

25.3

10.9

-6.1

-4.5

51.4e

-11.1

91.9

16.3

na

-4.3

-6.8

-22.6

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

9.0

25.5

6.8

13.7

-0.1

48.7

18.5

7.4

13.7p

6.5

22.2

8.5

6.1

78.5

28.8

12.3

11.8

9.5

6.6

6.4

10.5

4.5

39.1

10.6

6.0

7.5

9.8

10.3

6%

1.2

17.6p

7.8e

-7.9

-0.3

-16.5

-8.4

-2.5e

-4.8

-1.8

-2.5

-0.5

0.6

-10.8

-1.7

1.1

-3.1

7.2

0.0

-1.1e

na

1.0b

na

1.3

12.8

-2.5p

-2.0

-8.1

14%

17.0

33.3

9.1

18.8

0.5

10.5

22.0

15.5

11.7

9.8

16.0

6.6

29.8

9.1

10.3

-35.2

12.6

14.1

9.7

5.4

14.2

15.9

13.1

15.5

10.9

16.7

18.7

10.4

133%

60%

10%

162.2

131.4

63.7

222.8

109.8

136.7

236.5

113.0

195.7

122.2

110.3

113.9

285.0

104.5

76.7

357.4

105.5

152.9

216.3

127.5

67.3

196.2

65.5

105.6

64.9

132.7

189.0

181.5

92.5

13.0

28.7

33.4

65.1

4.5

42.4

109.4

39.4

68.0

39.6

102.4

44.7

18.7

14.6

15.1

71.6

62.7

54.8

68.8

46.3

71.7

13.2

21.8

28.5

32.7

37.5

50.2

7.6

7.2

5.6

3.7

8.7

5.3i

5.2

8.4

9.3

8.1

10.0

6.5

4.1

6.9

5.3

4.6

7.6i

6.4

4.3

4.8

10.2

8.9

6.4

5.1

11.4

7.0

6.5

5.4

16.5%

-1.8

-0.8

6.2

0.0

4.6

4.3

6.5

4.4

3.8

1.9

-9.1

-0.6

115.7

9.0

4.2

-6.9

26.2

13.3

3.8

10.9

6.8

4.4

14.0

6.6

10.5

16.8

11.9

48.3

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

0.4

5.7

-0.7

0.9

2.1

3.5

1.3

0.3

2.7

0.2

2.5

0.4

1.2

5.1

-0.3

0.2

-0.1

1.5

2.4

2.5

-0.6

0.7

0.6

1.1

-0.1

1.3

1.1

0.4b

-1.1

-3.1

-2.0

-0.6

-2.0

-2.7

0.3

-1.5

-0.2

-0.8

-1.7

-0.7

-0.8

-2.6

-3.1u

0.4

0.4

-0.8

-1.0

-0.4

-7.9

-0.1

-1.6

-1.2

-5.2

-0.9

-0.3

0.4

2 pp

-3.5

-9.1

-9.4

-0.6

-5.0

-3.1i

4.6

-3.9

4.9

-2.0

-8.2

-2.9

-4.9

-1.5

-2.5

2.7

0.1i

-4.4

-3.2

-2.5

-19.7

0.8

-1.5

-5.5

-11.1

-3.6

-2.4

2.2

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT.  2) Unemployment rate for EE and HU, i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.  3) Youth unemployment rate for EE and HU, i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

22 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.9: MIP Scoreboard 2007 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2007

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-4/6%

2.0

-17.5

-2.5

3.0

5.7

-12.9

-5.1

-11.8

-8.7

-0.1

-6.4

-1.3

-8.6

-17.7

-11.0

10.3

-7.1

-5.0

7.8

3.1

-4.3

-10.1

-10.9

-2.6

-8.7

3.6

7.5

-2.0

-35%

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

33.6

-39.4

-37.0

-5.8

18.7

-71.3

-31.4

-93.7

-79.6

-8.9

-89.1

-21.2

-56.5

-69.0

-54.6

-18.4

-88.5

21.4

-15.0

-9.8

-49.2

-88.8

-46.9

-25.5

-56.4

-27.9

1.2

-8.9

0.2

9.9

12.6

-1.3

-1.5

6.5

3.1

-0.4

2.7

-1.6

1.8

-1.2

-1.3

7.7

0.9

2.4

6.6

1.2

-2.1

-1.8

16.4

0.6

35.9

-1.2

18.1

-4.9

-4.2

-0.4

-6%

-6.7

45.7

58.5

na

2.1

53.9

-12.0

9.3

-4.8

-17.0

12.9

-8.9

-18.7e

95.6

30.5e

25.6

28.7

na

-2.5

1.6

55.7e

-3.3

84.2

23.6

na

-4.6

1.3

-15.1

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

5.2

16.7

2.6

9.9

-2.9

31.8

14.6

11.0

11.3p

5.7

18.7

6.5

9.8

69.7

25.0

7.2

10.2

4.9

2.3

3.8

3.2

5.1

39.3

5.4

5.7

3.8

4.9

9.9

6%

4.8

18.4p

15.9e

0.9

-3.7

12.1

4.3

2.2e

6.3

3.6b

8.8

2.7

8.1

22.0

19.3

4.6b

na

19.5

2.5

2.1e

na

-1.9

na

18.8

25.7

3.9p

10.9

7.7

14%

16.8

41.2

9.2

17.1

2.2

12.3

24.8

16.2

26.4

11.2

16.7

12.0

29.0

29.5

22.8

223.6

16.0

3.2

12.9

7.3

12.5

18.2

20.3

21.5

9.6

13.2

20.1

17.0

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

133%

60%

10%

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

134.4

123.4

57.5

208.4

110.9

123.0

198.0

101.5

191.2

115.6

100.7

109.7

265.5

102.6

74.7

402.3

94.1

145.3

214.9

124.6

54.4

185.0

57.8

96.3

60.4

123.6

167.9

172.1

87.0

16.3

27.8

27.3

63.7

3.7

23.9

103.1

35.5

64.3

37.7

99.8

53.5

8.4

15.9

7.8

65.6

62.4

42.7

65.1

44.2

68.4

12.7

22.8

30.1

34.0

39.0

42.0

8.1

8.7

6.8

4.2

9.9

6.2

4.5

9.1

8.6

8.6

11.5

6.9

4.6

7.7

6.1

4.5

7.4

6.7

5.0

5.3

13.8

8.9

6.9

5.8

13.7

7.7

7.0

5.2

14.9

29.3

15.5

10.2

8.2

27.9

9.6

22.2

16.8

12.6

24.2

0.4

27.2

36.7

34.6

13.3

23.7

43.8

14.9

11.0

18.3

10.2

35.3

28.6

25.7

10.2

9.4

16.2

1.2

4.5

-0.1

0.0

3.0

2.7

3.1b

0.3

2.9

-0.1

2.2

-0.4

1.3

3.3

-1.3

1.1b

1.1

0.6

1.9

3.1b

-0.8

1.2

0.0

1.5

-1.4

1.4

1.9

0.2b

-0.3

-3.1

-1.4

-0.6

-0.6

-2.9

-0.2

-1.4

-1.8

-0.3

-1.3

-0.9

-0.6

-3.4

-4.2u

0.1

0.8

-0.7

-0.3

-0.2

-5.3

0.8

-1.6

-1.1

-3.6

-0.6

-0.4

0.3

2 pp

-2.4

-10.2

-9.7

-0.7

-1.9

-13.8

0.4

-3.8

-3.9

-0.9

-7.6

-3.1

0.0

-9.4

-13.4

-0.8

2.6

-3.1

-2.0

-1.1

-18.0

1.7

-1.2

-6.0

-12.8

-4.2

-1.2

2.3

23 

 
 
 
 
Table 1.10: MIP Scoreboard 2006 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(3 year average)

Year
2006

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(3 year % change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(5 year % 
change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(3 year % 
change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(1 year % 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(3 year average)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(1 year % 
change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(3 year change in 
pp)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(3 year change in pp)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(3 year change in pp)

Thresholds

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-4/6%

2.4

-11.7

-2.4

na

4.9

-11.9

-3.0

-9.4

-7.4

0.2

-5.4

-0.9

-6.4

-14.7

-8.5

11.0

-7.5

-5.6

8.0

2.6

-4.0

-9.6

-9.1

-2.1

-10.1

4.2

6.8

-1.7

-35%

±5% (EA)
±11% (Non-EA)

34.4

-28.9

-30.9

-0.3

19.8

-73.3

-25.8

-82.6

-67.9

-4.8

-73.6

-20.1

-45.4

-64.1

-48.0

21.6

-95.1

27.8

-1.9

-12.9

-44.9

-79.3

-36.0

-16.8

-64.8

-14.2

-9.8

-11.3

0.5

9.2

10.2

-1.6

-1.5

3.5

2.6

0.2

3.1

-0.5

2.8

-0.5

0.1

1.8

-2.6

3.4

1.8

2.8

-2.1

-1.7

11.6

0.7

28.1

-2.8

18.3

-5.5

-3.8

1.8

-6%

-13.9

43.3

57.8

na

2.0

44.2

-9.6

-3.9e

-7.6

-14.9

18.8

-12.6

-24.8e

73.6

48.2e

17.2

24.4

na

-5.2

1.3

50.2e

-4.4

73.9

21.4

na

-8.0

-1.4

-8.1

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

2.5

10.2

2.6

4.3

-2.9

18.7

9.8

10.0

10.0p

4.8

6.1

7.0

9.9

41.7

24.1

8.6

8.4

5.8

-0.2

2.6

-1.5

4.3

32.0

6.3

8.0

3.7

-0.1

9.5

6%

6.4

12.3p

5.7e

21.4

-1.5

41.0

12.1

9.7e

9.5e

9.7

13.9

3.1

8.5

41.0e

22.6e

8.4

na

17.0

1.6

2.0e

na

-1.4

na

14.1

na

5.6p

11.1

5.0

14%

5.0

28.0

8.7

23.8

1.0

34.5

40.9

16.4

35.0

9.2

18.0

10.4

12.4

33.6

18.8

27.4

13.9

6.5

13.5

5.3

9.2

12.6

15.1

13.6

8.5

8.9

10.3

14.7

133%

60%

122.7

91.2

53.0

199.9

114.1

114.0

190.5

92.5

177.3

112.6

91.1

102.2

259.2

97.2

62.4

202.4

83.7

142.0

215.3

122.9

47.6

176.5

44.5

82.5

51.8

119.2

154.0

167.7

91.0

21.0

27.9

31.5

66.5

4.4

23.6

103.6

38.9

64.4

38.9

102.6

58.7

9.9

17.2

7.9

64.6

64.6

44.8

67.3

46.9

69.2

12.3

26.0

31.0

38.2

43.7

41.0

10%

8.4

10.4

7.8

4.7i

10.6

8.0

4.5

9.9

9.6

8.9

12.8i

7.5

4.8

9.6

8.3

4.7i

6.9

7.0

5.5

5.5

17.0

8.5

7.4

6.3

16.1

8.3

7.4

5.0

16.5%

-0.2 pp

0.5 pp

11.1

51.9

3.6

11.9

4.8

15.1

21.6

14.3

20.0

15.1

27.1

10.4

29.5

47.6

32.6

17.5

17.8

36.7

12.3

9.7

24.4

13.8

35.3

13.8

-8.2

12.2

9.6

10.2

1.6

3.6

0.1

1.1

2.8

2.3

3.1

1.7

3.1

-0.1

0.4e

1.1

0.8

2.1

-2.3

2.1

1.4

-0.7

0.9

0.4

-0.5

0.8

1.4

3.8

-1.4

0.7

1.5

0.4

0.5

-3.9

0.1

-0.3

0.8

-1.9

-0.1

-0.5

-2.0

0.5

-1.6e

-1.7

-0.3

-2.6

-3.4

0.5

1.0

-0.4

0.7

0.4

-3.2

1.7

-0.2

-0.6

-1.3

-0.4

0.0e

0.1

2 pp

-1.3

-8.3

-0.1

-1.5i

2.1

-8.8

0.0

-1.8

-4.8

3.2

-5.9i

-1.8

1.2

-6.0

-14.8

4.3i

5.9

-1.9

0.1

2.2

-12.1

2.6

1.7

-3.4

-6.8

-3.1

4.1

1.7

Flags: e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = Eurostat estimates for ES, LV, LT; e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unemployment rate for DK, HR and LU i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 3) Youth unemployment rate for DK, HR and LU i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011
Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

24 

 
 
 
 
Chapter 2: Tables by year - Auxiliary indicators used in the economic reading of the MIP scoreboard 

Table 2.1: Auxiliary indicators, 2015 

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

1.5

3.6

4.5

1.0

1.7

1.4

26.3

-0.2p

3.2p

1.3p

1.6

0.7

1.7p

2.7

1.8

3.5

3.1

6.2

2.0p

1.0

3.9

1.6e

3.7p

2.3

3.8

0.2

4.1

Year 
2015

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

23.0

21.0

26.3

19.0

19.9

23.7

21.2

11.5p

19.7p

21.5p

19.5

16.6

13.3p

22.6

19.3

19.0

21.7

25.4

19.4p

22.6

20.1

15.3e

24.7p

19.5

23.0

20.4

23.7

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

 na

1.0p

 na

 na

2.9ep

1.5p
 na

1.0p
 na
 na
 0.9
 na
 na

0.6p

1.0p

 na

 1.4

0.8p

 na

3.1ep

 1.0

 na

 na

 na

 1.2

2.9p

 na

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t

a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

-67.7

-4.7

213.6

9.7*

-289.0*

 0.5

 3.5

 3.2

 9.0
 8.4
 4.3

 1.2
 2.0

-0.1
 5.6
 1.8

-2.6

 2.0

 0.7

 4.1

 7.8

 4.9

 3.6

 1.4

 1.7

 1.7

 1.2

 6.1

 3.8

-0.3

 5.0

 3.4

-9.8

 3.6

-10.2

-10.3

138.1

93.1

37.3

52.7

59.7

133.4

28.6

26.4

 3.7

 1.3

 0.7
 1.4

-2.9

72.3*

 0.6
 2.1
 1.5
 0.4
 0.7

41.0

 2.8

 2.3

-2220.9

766.4

23.0

-262.7

40.0

20.1

35.7

100.8

24.5

31.2

27.3

43.9

46.3

-2.2

25.8

13.4

 1.1

 3.0

 0.3

 2.4

 3.9

 1.3

 7.3

 3.4

88.9

74.2

49.8

41.0

99.9

495.9*

14.5

59.8

43.3

55.0

25.6

911.2

60.1

40.0

8616.9

222.1

1867.3

580.5

80.9

48.6

71.7

42.6

34.5

60.5

58.0

78.0

-2.8

-3.8

-2.5

0.1

-2.0

-1.4

-1.6

-2.2p

-2.1p

-1.8p

-3.5

-2.0

-4.2p

-2.9

-3.5

-3.1

-4.2

-9.8

-1.0p

-2.3

-1.6

-2.3e

-0.9p

-2.9

-3.5

-1.5

-0.9

0.2

-3.9

-8.0

-1.3

0.5

1.6

-1.3

-5.2

-1.3

-0.4

-1.1

-0.5

-2.4

-2.0

-1.4

0.3

-7.1

1.0

1.0

2.3

-1.9

-1.0

2.4

-0.7

-1.2

1.1

-7.8

-9.4

15.2

 2.3

-6.8

-0.7

10.8

41.2*

-18.9

-1.5

-3.4

-1.5

-7.0

-15.0

12.8

17.9

25.5

-6.0

-6.8

-6.4

-7.7

12.1

 5.0

23.7

-1.5

 8.9

-18.8

-7.4

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

0.1

3.5

0.7

0.7

2.0

2.8

3.6

5.8p

-4.7p

2.1p

0.6

2.1

-0.8p

0.2

2.2

0.0

-0.2

0.8

-0.9p

-0.2

2.8

4.8e

6.1p

0.7

-3.2

2.7

0.6

n

i

e
r
a
h
s
t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

1.6

3.0

5.0

-2.4

2.5

-3.3

31.7

0.7p

2.2p

3.4p

7.3

1.6

-2.7

-0.1

-3.1

10.1

5.0

-0.6

2.3p

0.9

5.0

3.4e

2.8p

2.9

4.3

-2.9

2.9

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

 0.6

3.3p

 3.1

-0.1
 0.8

-1.4

23.2

-0.7p

0.7p

0.8p
 0.1
 0.2

0.9p

 1.4

 0.5

 0.9

 0.5

 2.7

1.0p

 0.3

2.5p

0.2e

4.6p

 1.2

 1.8

 0.6

 2.6

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

20.5

78.4p

14.1

26.0

15.1

72.0

-14.9

-0.2p

8.9p

17.9p

23.3

17.6

5.4p

71.7

35.3

29.8

24.4

29.8

15.3p

23.3

17.0p

0.6e

43.9p

19.9

16.1

28.1

25.1

4.0

51.2

-2.8

7.4

-1.6

42.1

-22.7

-12.6

-6.2

1.9

-4.1

3.0

-4.1

39.1

10.0

11.1

8.8

10.7

1.5

5.7

2.5

-12.4

23.6

1.1

-1.2

8.8

6.8

2.3p

2.0bp

6.6p

15.3

11.4

34.5

30.7

-21.7e

-5.6

-4.9

-8.2

-12.2p

-4.6bp

 9.5

11.7

15.5

13.0

6.2p

-1.9

14.2

-2.0

 5.4

 0.5

-10.8

 7.8

 0.8

30.5

5.8

1.4

3.4

4.0

5.9

4.4

1.9

0.7p

4.4p

5.8p

na

4.4

4.3p

1.8

2.8

3.9

1.9

3.4

3.7p

4.3

3.1

2.5e

na

2.3

2.3

5.5

4.5

218.8

121.5

77.0

218.9

106.1

130.9

323.6

126.4

173.1

183.3

140.2

120.1

354.9

97.6

57.5

425.1

99.1

204.7

176.5

494.3

516.4

159.9

368.0

366.1

80.6

1359.6

468.4

356.6

427.0

657.3

85.0

625.4

467.9

53.9

114.1

37.1

236.3p

129.7p

145.1

83.4

195.9

61.2

96.0

83.7

182.8

234.9

186.7

305.9

372.0

391.5

402.6

831.7

299.4

184.5

UK

2.2

16.9
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: * The level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 1) House price index e = source NCB for EL. 2) Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on Gross domestic expenditure on R&D is
31 October 2016; data as transmitted to Eurostat by the 24 October 2016 were used for this document.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

628.3

161.1

21.9

14.0

74.3

17.4

-5.4

-0.6

3.7

3.6

1.8

3.5

na

 3.1

 1.8

 0.5

 na

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

Table 2.1 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2015 

Year
2015

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

%

3 years change 
in pp

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

 0.9
0.4p
 1.4
 1.1
 0.9
 2.9
 2.5
0.5p

2.5p

0.5p
 1.5
 0.6
0.8p
 1.3
 1.3
 2.6
 2.6
 3.4
0.9p
 0.6
1.4p

1.4e

-0.9p
 1.1
 2.0
-0.4
 1.5
 1.8

67.6

69.3

74.0

78.5

77.6

76.7

70.0

67.8

74.3

71.5

66.8

64.0

73.9

75.7

74.1

70.9b

68.6

67.6

79.6

75.5

68.1

73.4

66.1

71.8

70.9

75.8

81.7

76.9

4.4

5.6

2.4

1.7

2.0

2.4

5.3

18.2

11.4

4.3

10.3

6.9

6.8

4.5

3.9

1.9

3.1

2.4

3.0

1.7

3.0

7.2

3.0

4.7

7.6

2.3

1.5

1.6

22.1

21.6

12.6

10.8

7.2

13.1

20.9

49.8

48.3

24.7

43.0

40.3

32.8

16.3

16.3

16.6

17.3

11.8

11.3

10.6

20.8

32.0

21.7

16.3

26.5

22.4

20.4

14.6

12.2

19.3

7.5

6.2

6.2

10.8

14.3

17.2

15.6

12.0

18.5

21.4

15.3

10.5

9.2

6.2b

11.6b

10.4

4.7

7.5

11.0

11.3

18.1

9.5

13.7

10.6

6.7

11.1

-0.1

-2.2

-1.4

-0.4

-0.9

-1.4

-4.4

-3.0

-3.0

-0.5

1.9

0.4

-0.7

-4.4

-2.0

0.3b

-3.2b

-0.2

-0.2

0.7

-0.8

-2.6

1.3

0.2

-0.1

2.0

-1.1

-2.8

%

21.1

41.3

14.0

17.7

20.0

24.2
 na
35.7

28.6

17.7

29.1

28.7

28.9

30.9

29.3

18.5

28.2

22.4

16.8p

18.3

23.4

26.6

37.3

19.2

18.4

16.8

16.0

23.5

3 years change 
in pp

-0.5

-8.0

-1.4
 0.2
 0.4
 0.8
 na
 1.1
 1.4
-1.4

-3.5

-1.2
 1.8
-5.3

-3.2
 0.1
-5.3

-0.7

1.8p

-0.2

-3.3
 1.3
-5.9

-0.4

-2.1

-0.4
 0.4
-0.6

%

14.9

22.0
 9.7
12.2

16.7

21.6
 na
21.4

22.1

13.6

20.0

19.9

16.2

22.5

22.2

15.3

14.9

16.3

12.1p

13.9

17.6

19.5

25.4

14.3

12.3

12.4

14.5

16.7

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

-0.4
 0.8
 0.1
 0.2
 0.6
 4.1
 na
-1.7
 1.3
-0.5

-0.4
 0.4
 1.5
 3.3
 3.6
 0.2
 0.6
 1.2
2.0p

-0.5
 0.5
 1.6
 2.5
 0.8
-0.9

-0.8
 0.4
 0.7

5.8p

34.2
 5.6
 3.7
 4.4
 4.5
 na
22.2p

6.4p
 4.5
13.7

11.5

15.4

16.4

13.9
 2.0
19.4
 8.1
2.5p
 3.6
 8.1
9.6p

22.7
 5.8
 9.0
2.2p
 0.7
 6.1

-0.5p

-9.9

-1.0
 1.0
-0.5

-4.9
 na
2.7p

0.6p

-0.8

-2.2

-3.0
 0.4
-9.2

-5.9
 0.7
-6.9

-1.1

0.2p

-0.4

-5.4

1.0p

-8.4

-0.8

-1.5

-0.7p

-0.6

-1.7

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) IE: Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on People at risk of poverty or social exclusion is 30 November 2016, while data were extracted on 24 October 2016.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

%

14.9

11.6
 6.8
11.6
 9.8
 6.6
 na
16.8

15.4
 8.6
14.4

11.7

10.9
 7.8
 9.2
 5.7
 9.4
 9.2
10.2
 8.2
 6.9
10.9
 7.9
 7.4
 7.1
10.8
 5.8
11.9

3 years change 
in pp

 1.0
-0.9
 0.0
 1.4
-0.1

-2.5
 na
 2.6
 1.1
 0.2
-2.3
 1.1
 4.4
-3.9

-2.2

-0.4

-4.1
 0.2
 1.3
 0.5
 0.0
 0.8
 0.0
-0.1

-0.1
 1.5
 0.1
-1.1

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.2: Auxiliary indicators, 2014 

Year 
2014

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1.7

1.3

2.7

1.3

1.6

2.8

8.5

0.4p

1.4p

0.6p

-0.5

0.1

-1.5

2.1

3.5

4.7

4.0

3.5

1.4

0.6

3.3

0.9

3.1

3.1

2.6

-0.7

2.6

3.1

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

22.9

21.1

25.1

19.1

20.0

24.4

20.5

11.6p

19.1p

21.8p

19.4

16.6

11.7

22.6

18.5

19.5

21.8

18.2

18.0

22.7

19.7

15.0

24.3

19.6

20.4

20.6

23.1

16.6

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-3.8

-5.6

-4.0

0.0

-2.8

-2.1

-2.7

-3.2p

-2.9p

-2.5p

-4.0

-2.6

-5.9

-4.2

-4.7

-4.5

-6.2

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-3.5

215.9

2.5e

-0.9

0.8

2.0

3.0

2.9

1.5

1.5e

0.8

1.2

2.3p

0.8

1.4e

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.3

1.4

0.8

2.0

3.1e

0.9

1.3

0.4

2.4

0.9

3.2

3.2e

1.7e

2.3

0.9

8.8

7.3

2.0

-1.8

-0.2

1.6

-1.0

2.2

2.1

-3.5

1.2

6.3

2.9

5.8

8.7

8.8

2.3

0.4

1.5

2.0

6.6

2.1

-1.0

4.5

-4.7

-81.2

18.3

-6.1

4.8

-5.7

-10.2

-418.7

133.1

97.0

36.4

58.3

58.7

136.4

33.0

28.2

3.6

3.9

1.6

0.2

6.3

36.8

1.1

2.5

0.0

5.5

0.8

-2.2

3.4

1.1

96.2

77.3

50.2

40.5

104.1

388.0

11.8

59.7

41.7

56.7

25.1

851.3

56.5

38.4

7545.4

217.9

-2218.1

200.2

57.0

-311.1

51.8

20.6

37.5

104.2

29.8

39.5

27.5

47.4

55.1

na

9.3

-1.4

11.3

0.4

3.6

5.7

1.9

2.0

-0.4

6.3

-1.9

2.4

1935.5

-15.6

555.2

78.4

51.5

73.0

41.9

31.7

62.3

52.0

83.4

74.1

-1.6

-3.0

-2.6

-3.5

-1.4

-4.1

-4.3

-2.4

-1.3

-0.8

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

-0.1

-2.9

-10.1

-1.4

-0.1

3.1

-1.8

-5.6

-0.6

-0.7

-1.5

0.4

-0.1

-1.3

-0.1

0.8

-7.2

0.7

1.3

1.6

-1.7

-1.2

-1.3

0.4

0.5

2.0

-3.7

10.2

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-5.5

13.9

1.4

-9.4

-2.0

30.3

-5.4

-11.9

-5.4

-7.7

-12.5

-8.4

-18.0

17.6

44.5

19.6

-9.4

-10.4

-4.2

-10.0

13.2

1.6

29.9

-5.9

10.1

-19.5

-2.3

-3.1

-2.4

3.0

-1.4

2.9

-2.8

0.5

-1.8

1.3p

-7.5p

-1.9p

0.6

-4.2

0.1

-0.4

-0.8

0.6

-0.9

2.0

-2.6

-3.2

-1.4

0.1

4.5

-4.6

-3.5

-2.7

-0.8

4.5

1.4

-0.6

5.0

-0.6

0.4

-0.6

10.7

4.1p

0.5p

-0.4p

3.9

-0.8

0.5

0.2

-0.2

8.4

6.1

-3.9

0.8

-1.4

3.0

0.6

4.3

2.0

0.0

-5.4

1.6

-2.2

1.2

1.0p

2.2

0.5

0.8

2.0

6.7

0.3p

0.5p

0.2p

-3.1

0.0

0.4p

3.5

1.5

2.0

-0.8

-1.6

1.7p

-0.3

1.5

-0.5

2.3

2.7

1.1

-0.2

1.2

0.7

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

22.5

82.7p

14.0

26.4

12.7

65.8

6.4

11.1p

12.4p

20.0p

26.5

19.4

14.0p

87.5

37.4

34.4

26.5

28.3

15.8p

22.8

19.3

4.5

81.2

21.4

19.1

29.7

24.7

23.0

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

4.9

57.8

-2.7

7.5

-5.5

37.6

-16.3

-5.8

-4.0

3.1

-2.0

3.9

-1.6

51.0

11.3

16.1

8.4

10.2

1.6

5.3

2.2

-9.8

52.0

3.0

2.3

10.0

5.8

3.7

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

2.9

-2.7p

1.0

4.9

10.0

35.0

3.4

-27.1e

-22.3

-4.0

-6.9

-12.4p

-8.7p

16.6

7.5

14.2

-2.2

5.3

-11.6

16.8

-6.8

-5.0

-7.3

-17.6

-0.4

3.2

16.8

11.2

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB for EL.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

5.9

1.6

3.4

4.1

5.9

3.9

2.3

1.0p

4.3p

6.0p

na

4.5

4.1

2.5

2.5

2.9

2.1

2.6

3.0

4.3

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.6

5.5

4.0

3.6

212.4

136.8

80.6

227.7

106.9

130.1

306.2

128.5

185.4

181.9

142.2

123.5

355.6

104.6

57.2

401.3

107.8

211.0

238.1

144.2

81.8

208.2

63.1

108.1

80.3

177.6

233.2

163.5

180.6

429.7

498.7

172.3

397.2

308.9

84.0

1030.0

477.5

387.8

465.7

784.0

98.9

642.6

439.1

54.5

127.2

41.9

127.9

196.4

285.8

361.2

402.0

449.2

765.8

357.5

196.3

749.9

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.2 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2014 

Year
2014

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

%

3 years change 
in pp

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0.4

0.4p

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.8

1.7

0.0p

0.9p

0.5p

2.7

0.1

-1.9p

-1.3

2.0

2.6

4.8

5.1

-0.2p

0.9

1.7

1.4

0.8

0.4

1.4

-0.5

1.4

2.4

67.7

69.0

73.5

78.1

77.7

75.2

69.8

67.4

74.2

71.4

66.1

63.9

74.3

74.6

73.7

70.8

67.0

66.3

79.0

75.4

67.9

73.2

65.7

70.9

70.3

75.4

81.5

76.7

4.3

6.9

2.7

1.7

2.2

3.3

6.6

19.5

12.9

4.2

10.1

7.7

7.7

4.6

4.8

1.6

3.7

2.7

2.9

1.5

3.8

8.4

2.8

5.3

9.3

1.9

1.4

2.2

23.2

23.8

15.9

12.6

7.7

15.0

23.9

52.4

53.2

24.3

45.5

42.7

36.0

19.6

19.3

22.3

20.4

11.7

12.7

10.3

23.9

34.7

24.0

20.2

29.7

20.5

22.9

17.0

12.0

20.2

8.1

5.8

6.4

11.7

15.2

19.1

17.1b

11.4b

19.3

22.1

17.0

12.0

9.9

6.3

13.6

10.5

5.5

7.7

12.0

12.3

17.0

9.4

12.8

10.2

7.2

11.9

0.2

-1.6

-0.2

-0.5

-1.1

0.1

-3.6

1.7

-1.1b

-0.9b

3.1

2.4

2.4

-4.0

-1.9

1.6

0.4

0.3

1.2

0.4

0.5

-0.3

-0.5

2.3

-1.0

1.8

-0.3

-2.3

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

21.2

40.1b

14.8

17.9

20.6

26.0b

27.6

36.0

29.2

18.5

29.3

28.3

27.4

32.7

27.3

19.0

31.8

23.8

16.5

19.2

24.7

27.5

39.5p

20.4

18.4

17.3

16.9

24.1

3 years change 
in pp

0.2

-9.0b

-0.5

0.3

0.7

2.9b

-1.8

5.0

2.5

-0.8

-3.3

0.2

2.8

-7.4

-5.8

2.2

0.3

1.7

0.8

0.0

-2.5

3.1

-1.4p

1.1

-2.2

-0.6

0.8

1.4

%

15.5

21.8

9.7

12.1

16.7

21.8b

15.6

22.1

22.2

13.3

19.4

19.4

14.4

21.2

19.1

16.4

15.0

15.9

11.6

14.1

17.0

19.5

25.4p

14.5

12.6

12.8

15.1

16.8

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

0.2

-0.4

-0.1

0.0

0.9

4.3b

0.4

0.7

1.6

-0.7

-1.5

-0.4

-0.4

2.2

-0.1

2.8

0.9

0.3

0.6

-0.4

-0.7

1.5

3.1p

0.9

-0.4

-0.9

1.1

0.6

5.9

33.1

6.7

3.2

5.0

6.2

8.4

21.5

7.1

4.8

13.9

11.6

15.3

19.2

13.6

1.4

24.0

10.2

3.2

4.0

10.4

10.6

25.0p

6.6

9.9

2.8

0.7

7.4

0.2

-10.5

0.6

0.9

-0.3

-2.5

0.6

6.3

2.6

-0.4

-1.3

0.5

3.6

-11.8

-5.4

0.2

0.6

3.6

0.7

0.0

-2.6

2.3

-4.5p

0.5

-0.7

-0.4

-0.5

2.3

14.6

12.1

7.6

12.2

10.0

7.6b

21.1

17.2

17.1

9.6

14.7

12.1

9.7

9.6

8.8

6.1

12.8

9.8

10.2

9.1

7.3

12.2

6.4p

8.7

7.1

10.0

6.4

12.3

0.8

1.1

1.0

1.7

-1.2

-2.4b

-3.1

5.2

3.7

0.2

-1.2

1.6

4.8

-3.0

-3.9

0.3

0.0

0.9

1.3

0.5

0.4

3.9

-0.9p

1.1

-0.6

0.0

-0.5

0.8

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) Young people neither in employment nor in education and training: for ES change in the classification of non-formal education activities; for FR 2014 data are further impacted from the changes in the questionnaire introduced in 2013 and inclusion of French overseas departments
(DROM).
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

28 

 
 
 
 
Table 2.3: Auxiliary indicators, 2013 

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-0.1

0.9

-0.5

-0.2

0.5

1.4

1.1

-3.2p

-1.7p

0.6

-1.1

-1.7

-6.0

2.9

3.5

4.2

2.1

4.5

-0.2

0.1

1.4

-1.1

3.5

-1.1

1.5

-0.8

1.2

1.9

Year 
2013

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

22.2

21.1

25.1

18.9

19.7

27.6

18.2

12.2p

18.8p

22.1

19.8

17.2

14.1

23.2

18.4

19.5

20.9

17.1

17.9

23.1

18.8

14.8

24.7

20.0

20.7

21.2

22.3

16.1

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

-0.4

-88.3

-5.4

220.1

2.4

0.6

1.9

3.0

2.8

1.7

1.6e

0.8

1.3

2.2

0.8

1.3

0.5

0.6

1.0

1.3

1.4

0.8

2.0

3.0

0.9

1.3

0.4

2.6

0.8

3.3

3.3e

1.7

2.4

1.5

7.8

6.7

2.3

1.6

-0.4

2.2

-0.8

1.1

1.0

-3.5

-0.2

4.7

3.8

7.4

4.6

10.0

1.8

1.0

3.2

1.0

5.3

3.3

-1.5

5.0

-4.4

21.6

-5.1

8.3

-3.1

-4.9

-353.1

132.7

94.3

32.5

59.8

56.4

140.2

36.5

29.2

3.6

3.5

0.2

1.7

4.3

89.3

77.4

42.3

41.0

99.1

27.8

344.2

1.2

3.8

1.1

1.6

0.9

-25.0

3.3

1.5

12.0

56.3

41.4

50.7

23.8

864.9

54.1

38.7

5716.1

212.3

1972.6

540.8

75.5

50.1

69.4

42.9

29.3

64.8

46.8

90.1

72.7

-2209.5

798.4

59.9

-369.4

52.2

20.2

37.1

99.7

35.8

43.6

23.9

40.3

55.8

na

-2.8

6.2

37.9

0.1

0.2

4.8

2.0

0.2

1.0

-1.9

0.3

2.1

-4.5

-6.2

-4.8

0.1

-3.4

-2.2

-3.2

-3.5p

-3.4p

-3.1

-5.1

-3.3

-6.3

-5.6

-6.1

-5.4

-6.3

-9.2

-1.4

-3.5

-2.7

-3.7

-1.9

-5.5

-5.9

-2.6

-1.5

-1.1

0.6

-0.4

-2.4

-1.3

-0.8

5.4

-3.1

-3.5

0.4

-1.3

-3.0

1.0

1.0

0.2

1.4

1.7

-3.2

0.1

1.4

1.6

-3.3

0.1

0.6

0.0

2.5

1.9

6.0

4.3

-4.6

9.5

-1.1

-9.9

-4.1

20.2

0.7

-18.5

-2.6

-6.7

-15.9

-12.5

-7.1

16.1

30.8

13.0

-15.3

8.1

-2.8

-10.5

9.4

1.5

24.7

-10.5

5.1

-24.6

-9.2

-4.1

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

0.2

4.2

-0.9

2.7

0.3

-0.2

-1.7

-0.8p

-2.0p

-0.4

1.3

-0.6

-0.2

1.0

-5.4

1.9

-0.3

1.1

-1.7

-1.6

-0.2

3.7

4.2

-2.3

-4.6

-2.7

0.0

4.7

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-2.9

5.9

-3.5

-2.8

-1.8

-1.4

-0.6

-2.2p

0.6p

-1.8

-0.6

-3.0

-1.6

-2.6

5.9

2.6

0.5

-3.6

-1.6

-3.2

2.4

3.3

16.0

-0.6

3.0

-2.6

-4.5

-2.6

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

0.3

1.3p

-0.8

-0.4

-0.1

0.2

-1.4

-0.6p

0.9p

0.3

1.7

0.1

0.0

0.6

2.1

2.3

1.0

0.7

1.0

-0.2

1.5

1.8

4.4

0.0

2.3

0.0

0.3

0.7

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

21.8

78.8p

16.5

24.7

9.8

70.7

13.5

15.9p

16.1p

19.8

31.7

22.2

20.6

90.0

38.5

36.0

28.3

28.5

15.7

20.2

16.8

6.1

79.3

27.3

21.1

28.5

22.4

27.4

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

4.7

54.4

0.7

6.7

-8.3

40.2

-10.8

-1.5

0.2

2.5

2.0

6.5

2.9

54.4

13.0

17.2

11.1

11.2

1.4

3.6

0.5

-9.0

52.6

8.7

5.1

9.5

4.2

8.0

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

7.6

-9.3p

-1.4

-0.6

10.4

28.8

-25.9

-25.5e

-28.5

3.2

-5.3

-7.7p

-8.5p

21.5

7.7

13.4

-9.4

1.2

-14.1

19.9

-7.7

-13.3

-17.0

-9.4

-3.3

6.9

9.4

1.5

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB for EL. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

5.7

1.7

3.2

4.0

5.8

3.4

2.0

2.2p

4.1p

6.1

na

4.8

4.1

2.2

2.2

3.3

1.8

2.8

3.0

4.4

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.7

6.0

3.5

3.2

205.5

142.5

84.3

230.2

110.5

127.5

290.8

129.2

197.1

174.5

143.9

124.8

342.4

110.5

61.5

394.6

111.5

208.0

238.9

147.7

78.7

220.6

67.7

119.4

77.0

177.1

231.1

171.3

189.8

450.2

532.0

190.0

423.6

296.0

92.5

849.4

590.3

372.0

487.9

939.7

91.0

609.8

578.1

57.0

126.9

38.8

127.7

204.5

274.9

364.9

432.1

594.0

752.9

365.1

206.3

794.9

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.3 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2013 

Year
2013

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-0.3

-0.4p

0.3

0.1

0.6

1.2

2.5

-2.6p

-2.6p

0.3

-2.7

-1.8

-5.9

2.3

1.3

1.8

1.1

3.7

-1.2

0.3

-0.1

-2.9

-0.9

-1.1

-0.8

-0.7

1.0

1.2

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

67.5

68.4

72.9

78.1

77.6

75.1

69.8

67.5

74.3

71.1

63.7

63.4

73.6

74.0

72.4

69.9

64.7

65.0

79.4

75.5

67.0

73.0

64.9

70.5

69.9

75.2

81.1

76.4

3.9

7.4

3.0

1.8

2.3

3.8

7.8

18.5

13.0

4.0

11.0

6.9

6.1

5.7

5.1

1.8

4.9

2.9

2.5

1.3

4.4

9.3

3.2

5.2

10.0

1.7

1.4

2.7

23.7

28.4

18.9

13.0

7.8

18.7

26.8

58.3

55.5

24.9

50.0

40.0

38.9

23.2

21.9

16.9

26.6

13.0

13.2

9.7

27.3

38.1

23.7

21.6

33.7

19.9

23.6

20.7

12.7

21.6

9.1b

6.0

6.3

11.3

16.1

20.4

18.6

1.8

0.6

0.3b

0.0

-2.0

-2.7

-3.1

5.6

0.8

11.2b

-1.5b

19.6

22.2

18.7

13.0

11.1

5.0

15.5

9.9

5.6b

7.3

12.2b

14.1

17.0

9.2

13.7

9.3

7.5

13.2

3.9

3.2

7.0

-4.8

-2.1

-0.1

2.9

0.4

1.3b

-0.1

1.4b

2.7

0.4

2.1

-0.4

0.3

-0.2

-0.4

20.8

48.0

14.6

18.3

20.3

23.5

29.5

35.7

27.3

18.1

29.9

28.5

27.8

35.1

30.8

19.0

34.8

24.0

15.9

18.8

25.8

27.5

41.9

20.4

19.8

16.0

16.4

24.8

0.0

-1.2

0.2

0.0

0.6

1.8

2.2

8.0

1.2

-1.1

-1.2

3.5

3.2

-3.1

-3.2

1.9

4.9

2.8

0.8

-0.1

-2.0

2.2

0.4

2.1

-0.8

-0.9

1.4

1.6

15.1

21.0

8.6

11.9

16.1

18.6

14.1

23.1

20.4

13.7

19.5

19.3

15.3

19.4

20.6

15.9

15.0

15.7

10.4

14.4

17.3

18.7

23.0

14.5

12.8

11.8

14.8

15.9

0.5

0.3

-0.4

-1.4

0.5

2.8

-1.1

3.0

-0.3

0.4

-1.1

0.6

-0.3

-1.5

0.1

1.4

2.7

0.2

0.1

-0.3

-0.3

0.8

1.4

1.8

0.8

-1.3

1.9

-1.2

5.1

43.0

6.6

3.6

5.4

7.6

9.9

20.3

6.2

4.9

14.7

12.3

16.1

24.0

16.0

1.8

27.8

9.5

2.5

4.2

11.9

10.9

29.8

6.7

10.2

2.5

1.4

8.3

-0.8

-2.7

0.4

0.9

0.9

-1.4

4.2

8.7

1.3

-0.9

0.4

4.9

4.9

-3.6

-3.9

1.3

6.2

3.0

0.3

-0.1

-2.3

1.9

-0.7

0.8

-1.2

-0.3

0.1

3.5

14.0

13.0

6.9

11.9

9.9

8.4

23.9

18.2

15.7

8.1

14.8

11.3

7.9

10.0

11.0

6.6

13.6

9.0

9.3

7.8

7.2

12.2

7.6

8.0

7.6

9.0

7.1

13.2

1.3

5.0

0.5

1.3

-1.3

-0.6

1.0

10.6

4.9

-1.8

0.9

0.7

3.0

-2.6

1.5

1.1

1.7

-0.2

0.9

0.0

-0.1

3.6

-0.1

1.0

-0.3

-0.3

1.1

0.0

30 

 
 
 
Table 2.4: Auxiliary indicators, 2012 

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

0.1

0.0

-0.8

-0.1

0.5

4.3

-1.1

-7.3p

-2.9p

0.2

-2.2

-2.8

-3.2

4.0

3.8

0.0

-1.6

2.9

-1.1

0.7

1.6

-4.0

0.6

-2.7

1.7

-1.4

-0.3

Year 
2012

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

22.6

21.3

25.9

19.0

20.1

28.6

19.5

12.6p

19.8p

22.5

19.6

18.4

15.1

25.4

17.4

20.6

19.4

18.2

18.9

22.7

19.8

15.8

27.3

19.3

21.2

22.3

22.6

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

2.4

0.6

1.8

3.0

2.9

2.1

1.6e

0.7

1.3

2.2

0.8

1.3

0.4

0.7

0.9

1.3b

1.3

0.8

1.9b

2.9e

0.9

1.4

0.5

2.6

0.8

3.4

3.3e

0.5

0.4

-0.3

6.3

7.0

1.4

-2.6

-2.6

0.3

-1.2

-0.1

-0.1

-5.8

-0.6

1.7

4.9

4.3

3.6

9.0

1.3

-1.5

0.3

-3.4

2.7

2.9

-1.8

5.4

-102.7

25.4

-1.1

11.0

3.6

-1.1

-348.4

123.6

95.7

32.4

59.9

52.3

137.4

39.5

34.0

1.3

3.3

4.5

-5.0

1.8

7.8

24.9

0.7

1.8

1.2

2.6

0.0

30.5

3.8

1.4

-2354.5

972.1

69.3

-476.5

52.3

25.9

35.7

101.8

38.4

46.0

22.3

40.1

58.9

8.1

35.9

29.8

1.3

1.5

10.1

1.8

0.1

1.9

1.9

0.8

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-5.0

-6.9

-4.7

0.5

-3.6

-1.3

-3.0

-4.0p

-3.8p

-3.3

-5.6

-3.8

-7.6

-6.1

-7.5

-6.3

-6.4

236.2

90.1

74.7

43.9

39.8

94.2

336.9

11.5

53.3

40.6

51.8

23.2

867.4

49.7

38.2

5394.3

228.1

2039.4

-12.1

509.3

75.0

47.7

66.7

43.2

29.8

64.7

52.0

90.9

-2.6

-3.9

-3.4

-4.7

-3.0

-6.8

-5.9

-2.6

-1.7

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

1.9

1.8

5.5

0.7

-1.3

5.2

-5.1

2.0

0.8

-0.5

-2.5

1.4

2.0

-0.7

1.7

2.8

4.4

1.1

-0.4

1.3

7.1

0.9

3.2

0.3

1.9

1.6

19.1

-5.4

10.9

6.9

-7.9

-6.6

19.6

-6.2

-16.3

-8.4

-8.9

-15.0

-16.7

-12.8e

20.8

48.2

0.5

-11.9

25.6

-2.4

-12.3

13.5

-6.6

25.8

-11.5

0.5

-23.1

-9.9

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

-2.6

5.9

-3.3

2.9

-2.5

-1.4

-0.7

-3.5p

-5.4p

-2.2

2.6

-4.2

-0.8

-1.3

-2.1

3.5

-2.2

0.2

-2.3

-3.1

-2.6

-0.5

6.6

-4.3

-5.7

-5.2

-0.7

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-1.1

-0.9

1.4

-2.3

-0.1

1.9

-0.5

-1.7p

-1.8p

-0.4

-3.0

-0.6

-5.6

6.9

9.3

-0.2

-4.7

4.3

0.9

-1.2

1.7

0.5

-1.9

-2.3

6.4

-1.7

-1.9

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-0.3

2.6p

-1.2

0.5

-0.7

2.6

-0.5

-1.1p

1.1p

-0.1

1.4

-2.5

0.0

2.5

2.0

-2.4

-1.8

0.3

-0.9

-0.3

1.5

0.1

5.7b

-1.8

1.6

-2.3

-1.0

UK

1.3

15.9
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: RO break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index e= NSI estimates for PL; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

-11.9

74.7

14.4

1.6e

-2.3

-1.2

-3.7

-1.0

0.2

1.8

na

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

20.5

69.7p

19.6

25.5

9.0

72.6

15.6

28.3p

20.2p

20.9

41.5

26.5

39.0

88.6

35.2

38.2

36.9

31.2

17.1

19.3

13.0

8.0

117.6b

32.5

25.2

27.1

21.2

28.4

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

2.6

44.6

2.8

6.8

-10.7

40.0

-7.7

8.2

2.5

2.6

8.0

10.3

12.3

53.4

9.7

16.8

17.6

12.5

1.8

2.1

-3.3

-8.6

82.6

12.6

7.5

7.4

2.5

8.8

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

9.7

-16.7p

-3.1

-1.7

8.2

23.0

-37.5

-20.4e

-22.7

10.3

-7.6

-2.8p

-10.1p

1.2

-1.5

13.9

-9.2

2.7

-10.1

21.1e

-7.0e

-10.9

-23.0

-4.2

-8.0

12.3

12.0

4.6

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

5.9

1.7

3.7

4.1

5.8

2.9

1.8

3.1p

4.9p

6.2

na

5.0

4.9

2.3

1.9

3.2

2.0

3.0

3.5

4.3

3.2

2.9

3.1

2.5

2.3

6.3

3.4

3.1

203.1

134.8

77.0

235.3

109.9

129.2

306.6

131.5

206.6

175.9

143.1

127.3

329.8

119.6

64.9

414.4

119.1

215.6

243.7

146.1

76.6

231.6

72.7

124.6

73.7

172.6

228.7

178.5

199.0

438.4

540.6

208.5

521.8

369.5

121.0

1007.2

774.9

405.6

455.6

1237.7

103.0

684.2

616.7

59.9

120.4

39.3

137.1

220.0

308.7

388.1

433.2

740.1

836.4

520.3

238.9

959.0

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.4 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2012 

Year
2012

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0.4

-2.5p

0.4

-0.6

1.2

1.6

-0.6

-6.3p

-4.0p

0.3

-3.5

-0.3

-3.2

1.4

1.8

2.4

0.2

2.5

-0.2

1.0

0.1

-4.1

-4.8b

-0.9

0.1

0.9

0.7

1.1

66.9

67.1

71.6

78.6

77.2

74.8

69.2

67.5

74.3

70.7

63.9

63.5

73.5

74.4

71.8

69.4

63.7

63.1

79.0

75.1

66.5

73.4

64.8

70.4

69.4

75.2

80.3

76.1

3.4

6.8

3.0

2.1

2.4

5.5

9.0

14.5

11.0

3.7

10.2

5.6

3.6

7.8

6.6

1.6

5.0

3.1

1.9

1.2

4.1

7.7

3.0

4.3

9.4

1.6

1.5

2.7

19.8

28.1

19.5

14.1

8.0

20.9

30.4

55.3

52.9

24.4

42.1

35.3

27.7

28.5

26.7

18.0

28.2

14.1

11.7

9.4

26.5

38.0

22.6

20.6

34.0

19.0

23.7

21.2

12.3

21.5

8.9

6.6

7.1

12.2

18.7

20.2

18.6

12.5

16.6

21.0

16.0

14.9

11.2

5.9

14.8

10.6

4.9

6.8

11.8

13.9

16.8

9.3

13.8

8.6

7.8

13.9

1.2

2.0

0.4

1.2

-1.7

-2.3

0.1

7.8

0.5

-0.2

3.2

3.4

6.1

-2.6

-0.9

0.1

1.2

0.7

0.8

-1.4

1.7

2.7

2.9

1.8

1.3

-1.3

-1.8

0.7

21.6

49.3

15.4

17.5

19.6

23.4

30.0

34.6

27.2

19.1

32.6

29.9

27.1

36.2

32.5

18.4

33.5

23.1

15.0

18.5

26.7

25.3

43.2

19.6

20.5

17.2

15.6

24.1b

1.4

3.1

1.4

-0.1

-0.4

0.0

4.3

7.0

2.5

0.6

na

5.0

3.6

-1.7

2.9

0.6

3.9

2.8

-0.1

-0.6

-1.1

0.4

0.2

2.5

0.9

0.3

-0.3

2.1b

15.3

21.2

9.6

12.0

16.1

17.5

15.7

23.1

20.8

14.1

20.4

19.5

14.7

19.2

18.6

15.1

14.3

15.1

10.1

14.4

17.1

17.9

22.9

13.5

13.2

13.2

14.1

16.0b

0.7

-0.6

1.0

-1.1

0.6

-2.2

0.7

3.4

0.4

1.2

na

1.1

-1.1

-7.2

-1.7

0.2

1.9

0.2

-1.0

-0.1

0.0

0.0

0.8

2.2

2.2

-0.6

0.8

-1.3b

6.3

44.1

6.6

2.7

4.9

9.4

9.8

19.5

5.8

5.3

15.9

14.5

15.0

25.6

19.8

1.3

26.3

9.2

2.3

4.0

13.5

8.6

31.1

6.6

10.5

2.9

1.3

7.8

1.1

2.2

0.5

0.4

-0.5

3.2

3.7

8.5

1.3

-0.3

na

7.2

5.5

3.5

4.2

0.2

6.0

4.2

0.9

-0.6

-1.5

-0.5

-1.0

0.5

-0.6

0.1

-0.3

4.5

13.9

12.5

6.8

10.2

9.9

9.1

23.4

14.2

14.3

8.4

16.8

10.6

6.5

11.7

11.4

6.1

13.5

9.0

8.9

7.7

6.9

10.1

7.9

7.5

7.2

9.3

5.7

13.0b

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1.6

5.6

0.8

1.4

-1.0

3.5

3.4

7.6

6.7

0.0

na

1.4

2.5

4.3

4.2

-0.2

2.2

-0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0

3.1

-0.2

1.9

1.6

0.9

-0.7

0.3b

32 

 
 
 
Table 2.5: Auxiliary indicators, 2011 

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.2

3.7

7.6

0.0

-9.1p

-1.0p

2.1

-0.3

0.6

0.3

6.2

6.0

2.0

1.7

1.8

1.7

2.8

5.0

-1.8

1.1

0.6

2.8

2.6

2.7

Year 
2011

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

22.6

20.9

26.5

18.3

20.3

26.2

17.2

15.3p

21.5p

22.4

20.3

19.7

18.9

22.2

18.5

19.5

19.8

18.4

20.3

22.5

20.7

18.4

27.1

20.2

24.0

22.2

22.7

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

2.2

0.5

1.6

3.0

2.8

2.3

1.5e

0.7

1.3

2.2

0.8

1.2

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.5

1.2

0.7

1.9b

2.7

0.8

1.5

0.5b

2.4b

0.7

3.6

3.3

-1.2

1.5

-1.8

6.9

6.1

5.4

-1.9

-8.7

-2.8

-0.9

-0.7

-2.9

-3.7

-1.1

-0.7

5.7

3.1

1.0

8.8

1.5

-3.2

-4.5

-4.4

0.0

-3.7

-1.7

5.3

-115.1

30.3

236.2

29.6

-0.2

14.5

6.7

6.0

3.7

1.9

3.8

2.6

4.9

87.8

69.6

44.2

35.8

89.9

-309.2

14.5

133.0

98.8

97.0

28.3

61.9

45.8

127.1

47.3

32.1

0.4

2.2

1.5

2.3

1.5

-43.5

5.3

3.5

-2362.2

684.8

68.7

-493.2

67.7

24.1

35.1

84.5

37.5

41.0

21.4

29.4

62.0

9.9

81.6

37.5

5.4

3.4

4.0

1.3

1.7

5.6

-2.2

1.1

12.2

51.6

40.2

49.9

21.5

700.1

50.2

37.9

4699.5

237.4

2013.5

478.0

73.2

47.3

54.7

41.4

28.7

65.8

50.6

91.3

-4.6

-6.3

-4.4

0.7

-3.5

-0.4

-3.2

-3.6p

-3.7p

-3.0

-5.4

-3.7

-6.8

-5.5

-7.6

-5.9

-6.0

-2.8

-1.9

-3.7

-3.3

-4.2

-2.7

-6.2

-6.4

-3.7

-1.8

1.3

3.8

0.8

1.5

-1.0

2.8

-6.6

4.5

0.4

-0.4

-2.0

0.9

0.7

0.3

4.7

2.0

-2.5

1.8

-0.1

1.2

-9.6

-0.5

-1.7

0.4

4.9

2.1

7.1

0.8

21.3

17.2

-5.9

-0.9

35.7

-2.7

-8.1

-0.2

-7.7

-8.4

-11.9

-3.5e

38.2

41.4

5.0

6.6

28.4

0.1

-4.5

25.7

-0.2

63.7

2.8

6.2

-16.7

-4.1

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

-2.2

11.5

-1.7

1.7

-2.1

1.0

-0.6

-1.5p

-2.9p

-0.7

4.4

-1.7

-0.1

6.3

-0.4

2.1

-0.9

1.2

-2.1

-3.1

0.2

-0.5

18.6

-2.4

-5.6

-4.3

0.6

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-0.3

5.6

2.2

0.3

1.3

17.2

-4.1

-7.0p

0.4p

-0.1

-4.8

-1.8

-1.4

5.0

7.9

-3.4

-0.5

-4.9

-2.6

-1.0

0.9

0.0

4.9

-0.1

5.0

-5.0

-0.9

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

0.4

4.2

2.3

1.2

2.3

1.0

0.5b

-2.4p

1.7p

1.3

3.8

0.3

0.3

4.6

5.5

-0.9

1.7

-1.1

0.8

1.2

4.4

0.1

1.9

2.4

1.0

1.3

0.5

UK

1.5

15.7
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: IE break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index e = NSI estimates for PL, RO; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

-19.1

61.1

1.7b

-3.0

-1.2

-1.0

-1.8

-2.1

1.0

1.0

na

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

18.6

62.0

23.9

28.2

6.5

73.2

15.4b

42.9p

27.4p

21.5

50.7

29.6

41.8

77.5

34.9

37.0

40.2

28.2

19.0

16.2

7.9

15.1

109.7

39.2

29.3

22.2

17.8

27.7

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

0.9

36.7

7.0

9.3

-13.9

42.6

-6.0

20.2

8.5

2.8

14.6

12.6

14.4

46.7

10.2

15.2

20.8

9.0

3.8

-0.4

-7.4

-3.7

74.9

18.7

11.3

3.3

-0.2

7.9

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

6.8

-32.4p

-5.6

-11.0

5.4

-28.0

-41.4

-13.2e

-15.3

4.0

-10.9

-0.6p

-13.3p

-38.4

-30.8

8.0

-10.7

-4.6

-8.0

17.3e

-6.4e

-5.1

-38.2e

-6.9

-17.5

11.3p

14.0

-5.1

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

5.8

2.2

3.7

4.3

5.6

2.7

2.3

4.6p

5.7p

6.4

na

5.3

6.2

1.9

2.0

3.0

2.2

3.4

4.2

4.4

3.0

3.3

2.7

2.8

2.4

6.3

3.9

3.2

197.2

133.5

74.3

234.3

109.7

132.6

295.2

130.2

214.0

171.6

142.7

125.3

327.3

131.6

68.5

396.4

129.9

219.9

245.3

146.2

76.6

220.0

73.9

125.3

73.2

169.2

226.4

177.8

191.3

413.0

624.5

209.5

601.7

398.6

150.1

3047.9

702.5

454.9

491.7

1220.6

138.0

690.8

616.2

56.5

130.2

41.2

152.1

245.0

366.0

408.7

526.1

737.8

970.3

616.7

268.6

1141.8

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.5 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2011 

Year
2011

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

1.4

-2.2

-0.3

-0.1

1.4

6.5

-0.5b

-6.9p

-2.7p

0.8

-3.9

0.3

0.0

1.5

0.5

3.0

0.0

2.9

0.9

1.6

0.6

-1.9

-0.8

-1.7

1.8

1.3

2.1

66.7

65.9b

70.5b

79.3

77.3b

74.7

69.2

67.3

73.9

70.1

64.1

62.1

73.5

72.8

71.4

67.9

62.4

61.8

78.1b

74.6

65.7

73.6b

64.1

70.3

68.7b

74.9

79.9

3.5

6.3

2.7

1.8

2.8

7.1

8.6

8.8

8.9

3.6

8.4

4.3

1.6

8.8

8.0

1.4

5.2

3.0

1.6

1.2

3.6

6.2

2.9

3.6

9.3

1.7

1.5

18.7

25.0

18.1

14.2

8.5

22.4

29.1

44.7

46.2

22.7

36.7

29.2

22.4

31.0

32.6

16.4

26.0

13.3

10.0

8.9

25.8

30.2

23.9

15.7

33.7i

20.1

22.8

UK

0.5

2.7
Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for SK i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

21.3

75.5

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

11.8b

21.8

8.3b

6.3

7.5b

11.6

18.8

17.4

18.2

12.3

16.2

19.7

14.6

16.0

11.8

4.7

13.2

10.2

4.3

7.3

11.5

12.6b

17.5

7.1

13.8b

8.4

7.5

14.2

3 years change 
in pp

1.7b

4.4

1.6b

2.0

-0.9b

2.9

3.8

6.0

3.9

1.8

4.6

3.1

4.9

4.2

3.0

-1.5

1.7

1.9

0.9

-0.1

2.5

2.4b

5.9

0.6

2.7b

0.6

-0.3

2.1

%

21.0

49.1

15.3

17.6b

19.9

23.1

29.4

31.0

26.7

19.3

32.6

28.1

24.6

40.1

33.1

16.8

31.5

22.1

15.7

19.2

27.2

24.4

40.9

19.3

20.6

17.9

16.1

22.7

3 years change 
in pp

0.2

4.3

0.0

1.3b

-0.2

1.3

5.7

2.9

2.9

0.8

na

2.6

1.3

5.9

4.8

1.3

3.3

2.0

0.8

-1.4

-3.3

-1.6

-3.3

0.8

0.0

0.5

1.2

-0.5

%

15.3

22.2

9.8

12.1b

15.8

17.5

15.2

21.4

20.6

14.0

20.9

19.8

14.8

19.0

19.2

13.6

14.1

15.6

11.0

14.5

17.7

18.0

22.3

13.6

13.0

13.7

14.0

16.2

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.3b

0.6

-2.0

-0.3

1.3

0.8

1.5

na

0.9

-1.1

-6.9

-1.7

0.2

1.7

0.3

0.5

-0.7

0.8

-0.5

-1.3

1.3

2.1

0.1

1.8

-2.5

5.7

43.6

6.1

2.3

5.3

8.7

7.8

15.2

4.5

5.2

15.2

11.1

11.7

31.0

19.0

1.2

23.4

6.6

2.5

4.0

13.0

8.3

29.5

6.1

10.6

3.2

1.2

5.1

0.1

2.4

-0.7

0.3

-0.2

3.8

2.3

4.0

0.9

-0.2

na

3.6

2.6

11.7

6.5

0.5

5.5

2.3

1.0

-1.9

-4.7

-1.4

-3.2

-0.6

-1.2

-0.3

-0.2

0.6

13.8

11.0

6.6

10.5

11.2

10.0

24.2

12.0

13.4

9.4

15.9

10.5

4.9

12.6

12.7

5.8

12.8

8.9

8.9

8.6

6.9

8.3

7.3

7.6

7.7

10.0

6.9

11.5

2.1

2.9

-0.6

2.0

-0.5

4.7

10.5

4.5

6.8

0.6

na

0.1

0.4

7.2

6.6

1.1

0.8

0.3

0.7

1.2

-1.1

2.0

-1.2

0.9

2.5

2.5

1.4

1.1

34 

 
 
 
 
Table 2.6: Auxiliary indicators, 2010 

Year 
2010

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

2.7

1.3

2.3

1.6

4.1

2.3

2.0

-5.5

0.0p

2.0

-1.7

1.7

1.3

-3.8

1.6

5.8

0.7

3.5

1.4

1.9

3.6

1.9

-0.8

1.2

5.0

3.0

6.0

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

21.8

22.2

27.0

18.3

19.4

21.2

17.6

17.6

23.0p

22.1

21.3

19.9

22.3

19.4

16.9

17.6

20.3

21.4

19.7

21.6

20.3

20.5

25.9

21.3

22.1

21.9

22.3

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

2.1

0.6

1.3

2.9

2.7

1.6

1.6e

0.6e

1.4

2.2b

0.7

1.2

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.5

1.2

0.6

1.7

2.7e

0.7

1.5

0.5

2.1

0.6

3.7

3.2e

1.5

-0.9

-2.6

6.6

5.7

5.3

-1.5

-10.5

-3.5

-0.8

-1.1

-3.4

-11.0

4.0

3.5

6.2

2.1

-2.7

6.6

2.9

-3.6

-8.8

-4.9

0.0

-3.2

1.3

5.8

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

22.9

3.6

4.9

-3.6

2.5

13.2

16.3

0.2

2.8

1.4

2.4

0.4

53.3

1.9

2.3

426.2

-16.1

106.3

14.6

-5.5

3.7

3.5

2.0

0.6

2.3

4.9

0.2

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-117.8

37.1

-1.3

22.1

3.4

35.8

-278.4

100.8

93.2

28.1

na

47.7

70.9

55.7

35.8

-2989.6

50.0

-490.7

71.9

28.1

32.5

81.2

35.7

43.9

20.6

25.0

61.8

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

223.2

90.3

70.2

43.8

35.1

95.0

130.7

13.8

50.5

38.0

54.1

20.3

773.4

49.7

38.6

3661.8

215.4

1859.2

436.6

75.1

48.5

56.4

41.4

27.0

62.5

54.7

92.9

-3.7

-5.7

-3.5

0.9

-2.9

-1.5

-2.8

-3.0

-2.9p

-2.4

-3.8

-3.2

-6.0

-4.9

-7.1

-4.9

-5.1

1.1

-1.5

-2.9

-2.6

-3.4

-2.2

-5.0

-5.7

-2.8

-1.6

1.9

11.6

12.5

1.7

-1.5

6.4

-5.3

5.0

0.9

-0.2

4.3

0.7

0.4

8.3

9.9

1.7

0.0

3.5

-1.0

0.1

-0.2

-2.1

-9.2

3.2

12.7

1.9

-1.2

-4.1

16.8

20.4

-3.3

-0.2

18.3

0.6

-7.2

-4.4

-10.7

-6.0

-12.4

-9.0e

31.6

28.7

11.7

11.8

49.1

-0.6

-5.5

34.9

0.7

65.9

6.4

12.4

-12.9

-5.6

-1.7

14.0

-2.2

3.4

-1.0

3.0

-3.7

-1.0

1.0p

0.2

5.6

-2.1

0.2

2.6

-2.2

3.2

-0.8

1.6

-0.4

-2.5

1.7

2.1

23.2

-1.6

-5.7

-5.8

1.2

-2.2

-1.5

2.3

-10.6

2.0

11.5

-6.7

-7.6

-3.1p

-3.5

-6.3

-0.7

-8.0

0.9

6.4

-6.0

-1.2

-5.6

-2.0

1.3

0.6

-3.0

2.7

-2.3

3.2

-6.3

-0.6

2.0

5.4

3.4

4.0

3.8

7.6

6.3

-3.0

1.8p

1.8

2.1

2.3

0.8

3.1

7.3

3.9

1.8

1.8

2.1

1.2

6.4b

3.4

-0.5

3.4

6.7

3.7

5.0

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

20.4

71.5

29.2

33.3

5.7

80.6

21.3

47.5

32.7p

23.0

46.9

32.9

42.5

80.3

29.4

39.3

53.6

30.4

21.3

16.3

13.7b

22.0

223.4

53.0

31.7

22.4

20.3

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

1.3

41.6

10.9

12.6

-16.2

47.5

1.0

22.7

11.4

2.6

10.0

13.7

13.0

46.4

4.8

19.2

31.3

9.8

4.3

-1.2

-3.1

0.5

166.6

29.4

12.4

2.3

0.8

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

7.2

-10.7p

6.6e

-14.2

3.2

-40.0

-34.9

-6.6e

-9.6

-0.8

-8.4

1.3b

-6.9p

-43.6

-29.3

7.7

-5.3

7.4

-4.0

11.5be

na

3.6

na

-3.0

-1.2

8.7p

12.4

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

6.1

2.7

4.1

3.7

5.2

2.7

3.0

5.0

6.9p

6.3

na

5.6

8.1

1.6

2.1

2.9

3.1

3.4

4.7

4.4

3.2

3.6

2.9

3.1

2.6

6.1

3.6

187.6

142.3

72.7

234.3

114.1

152.5

282.6

128.1

215.7

165.4

143.8

125.8

320.6

151.1

78.3

387.3

130.3

214.1

243.9

148.3

72.7

215.9

74.9

125.3

69.6

170.0

222.0

189.7

439.5

560.0

217.5

563.2

397.9

182.9

1683.0

644.8

348.8

459.4

905.2

121.3

795.3

605.9

47.0

121.0

46.2

160.9

228.9

300.3

296.8

530.6

654.6

986.2

408.4

239.3

UK

1.9

15.6
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: PL break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unit labour cost: PL and CY break in time series. Since the indicator is a 10 years % change
the break affects all the following years.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

959.3

181.7

-16.9

-17.5

60.3

32.6

10.8

1.7e

-6.7

-0.4

-2.7

-2.0

-8.0

3.1

1.7

2.7

na

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.6 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2010 

Year
2010

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

0.6

-3.9

-1.0

-2.3

0.3

-4.9

-4.1

-2.6

-1.7p

0.1

-3.8

-0.6

0.5

-6.7

-5.3

1.8

-1.1

1.7

-0.7

0.7

-2.7b

-1.4

-0.3

-2.1

-1.5

-0.7

1.0

67.7

66.7b

70.2

79.4

76.7b

73.9

69.4

67.8

73.5

70.3

65.1

62.0

73.6

73.0

70.2

68.2

61.9

60.4

78.2b

74.4

65.3b

73.7

64.9b

71.5

68.7

74.5

79.1

4.0

4.7

3.0

1.5

3.3

7.6

6.8

5.7

7.3

3.5

6.6

4.0

1.3

8.8

7.4

1.3

5.5

3.1

1.2

1.2

3.0

5.7

2.4

3.2

9.3

2.0

1.6

22.4

21.9i

18.3

13.9

9.8

32.9

27.6

33.0

41.5

23.3

32.4

27.9

16.6

36.2

35.7

15.8

26.4

13.2

11.1

9.5

23.7

28.2

22.1

14.7

33.9

21.4

24.8

UK

0.2

2.5
Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for BG i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

19.9

75.4

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

10.9

21.0b

8.8

6.0

8.3b

14.0

19.2

14.8

17.8

12.7

15.7

19.0

11.7

17.8

13.2

5.1

12.6

9.5

4.3b

7.4

10.8b

11.4

16.6b

7.1

14.1

9.0

7.7

13.6

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

-0.3

1.9b

1.9

1.7

-0.6b

5.1

8.4

3.5

5.8

2.0

2.8

2.9

2.7

5.9

6.1

-0.6

1.1

-2.0

0.8b

0.0

0.2b

0.2

3.3b

0.4

1.6

2.0

0.2

1.7

20.8

49.2

14.4

18.3

19.7

21.7

27.3

27.7

26.1

19.2

31.1

25.0

24.6

38.2

34.0

17.1

29.9

21.2

15.1

18.9

27.8

25.3

41.5

18.3

20.6

16.9

15.0

23.2

-0.8

-11.5

-1.4

1.5

-0.9

-0.3

4.2

-0.6

2.8

0.2

na

-1.0

-0.6

3.1

5.3

1.2

0.5

1.5

-0.6

2.2

-6.6

0.3

-5.5

1.2

-0.8

-0.5

1.1

0.6

14.6

20.7

9.0

13.3

15.6

15.8

15.2

20.1

20.7

13.3

20.6b

18.7

15.6

20.9

20.5

14.5

12.3

15.5

10.3

14.7

17.6

17.9

21.6

12.7

12.0

13.1

12.9

17.1

-0.6

-1.3

-0.6

1.6

0.4

-3.6

-2.0

-0.2

1.0

0.2

na

-0.8

0.1

-0.3

1.4

1.0

0.0

0.4

0.1

2.7

0.3

-0.2

-3.0

1.2

1.4

0.1

2.4

-1.5

5.9

45.7

6.2

2.7

4.5

9.0

5.7

11.6

4.9

5.8

14.3

7.4

11.2

27.6

19.9

0.5

21.6

6.5

2.2

4.3

14.2

9.0

30.5

5.9

11.4

2.8

1.3

4.8

0.2

-11.9

-1.2

-0.6

-0.3

3.4

1.2

0.1

1.4

1.1

na

0.4

-2.1

3.6

3.3

-0.3

1.7

2.1

0.5

1.0

-8.1

-0.6

-7.5

0.8

-2.3

-0.8

-0.9

0.6

12.7

8.0

6.4

10.6

11.2

9.0

22.9

7.6

10.8

9.9

13.9

10.6

4.9

12.6

9.5

5.5

11.9

9.2

8.4

7.8

7.3

8.6

7.7

7.0

7.9

9.3

6.0

13.2

-1.1

-8.0

-2.2

0.5

-0.3

2.8

8.6

-0.5

4.0

0.3

na

0.4

1.2

6.4

3.1

0.5

0.6

-0.4

-1.3

-0.4

-2.8

1.4

-2.2

-0.3

1.5

0.5

0.0

2.8

36 

 
 
 
 
Table 2.7: Auxiliary indicators, 2009 

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-2.3

-3.6

-4.8

-5.1

-5.6

-14.7

-4.6

-4.3

-3.6p

-2.9

-7.4

-5.5

-1.8

-14.3

-14.8

-5.4

-6.6

-2.5

-3.8

-3.8

2.8

-3.0

-7.1

-7.8

-5.4

-8.3

-5.2

-4.3

Year 
2009

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

22.6

27.9

27.1

19.9

19.2

22.7

21.1

20.8

24.3p

22.0

25.2

20.0

23.4

22.5

17.9

19.7

22.8

18.2

21.3

22.5

21.4

21.1

26.0

24.3

21.7

22.8

22.3

15.6

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

2.0

0.5

1.3

3.1

2.7

1.4

1.6e

0.6e

1.4

2.2

0.8

1.2

0.4

0.5

0.8

1.7

1.1

0.5

1.7

2.6

0.7

1.6

0.5

1.8

0.5

3.8

3.5

1.7e

-1.3

-7.0

-1.0

3.5

5.7

6.0

-4.9

-11.5

-4.0

-0.7

-5.1

-1.9

-7.3

10.2

6.4

6.2

0.9

-5.4

5.6

2.6

-2.3

-9.3

-4.3

-0.5

-2.7

2.0

5.9

-2.9

-105.2

17.0

208.2

na

-2.4

28.7

1.0

53.4

7.5

2.5

1.2

1.6

9.1

na

66.3

47.0

34.2

89.1

-202.8

22.3

104.6

84.2

89.2

25.3

na

41.2

70.0

58.6

37.8

0.8

0.9

0.7

5.0

0.9

10.8

-0.2

0.1

-2738.6

418.6

78.8

-334.8

63.7

20.7

30.1

82.9

33.0

40.7

22.4

21.0

72.0

na

-2.6

16.8

11.1

3.5

3.2

2.3

2.8

-0.7

1.9

-3.3

2.1

0.4

13.8

49.0

37.0

50.9

22.1

711.8

46.3

37.0

3573.9

228.0

1698.3

422.0

81.6

40.4

53.6

40.7

26.1

64.3

50.7

100.9

58.0

-3.2

-5.0

-2.7

1.0

-2.5

-2.2

-2.3

-2.2

-2.3p

-2.0

-3.5

-2.6

-4.6

-4.4

-4.1

-4.2

-4.9

0.0

-0.7

-2.4

-2.2

-2.8

-1.6

-3.9

-4.4

-2.4

-1.2

-0.4

0.6

15.9

10.5

0.4

-1.1

8.9

-1.6

2.5

1.1

-1.2

3.9

0.4

-1.3

18.9

12.9

0.9

5.3

1.5

-1.1

-0.3

-6.2

-1.7

-6.5

3.9

24.7

0.8

-12.1

-21.6

-1.3

29.2

37.8

na

1.2

26.1

10.5

-2.8

-1.3

-7.2

2.8

-10.9

-1.5e

65.5

41.9

21.3

22.4

58.1

2.6

1.9

45.8

-0.3

83.7

18.8

18.7

-5.6

-8.8

-13.2

-0.8

12.0

-2.4

2.8

-0.4

7.0

0.8

-2.3

4.3p

0.2

5.2

-1.3

-1.2

1.5

-1.3

3.0

-2.6

1.0

1.0

-1.5

4.5

2.3

25.5

0.4

-5.3

-7.1

-0.2

-3.9

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

0.8

-1.5

0.4

0.7

-4.1

-10.1

14.8

-8.3

-0.8p

-1.1

-3.9

-7.9

6.1

-2.7

-2.6

-1.8

-1.2

9.8

1.3

-4.8

4.3

0.0

4.9

-6.4

-6.6

-9.9

-4.3

1.4

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-2.1

-1.9

-3.1

-2.2

-5.7

-5.0

3.6

-3.8

2.9p

-1.8

-6.7

-3.9

-1.8

0.0

-7.7

-6.4

-4.2

-2.5

-2.9

-3.4

2.4

-0.3

-5.2

-6.1

-3.5

-6.0

-2.8

-2.8

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

21.6

68.1

32.1

34.6

7.6

92.6

37.2

48.2

38.2p

23.3

na

33.6

45.5

99.6

27.8

41.7

74.0

na

27.1

16.4

na

28.9

420.7

63.4

46.1

24.8

29.0

34.4

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

0.2

34.6

10.8

11.3

-16.5

53.7

11.0

21.0

13.9

0.4

10.9

11.5

12.9

55.7

0.5

22.1

46.1

6.7

7.2

-3.2

-4.5

3.9

322.2

35.8

22.5

2.0

5.8

9.3

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

12.0

28.2p

29.5e

-14.3

0.0

-31.5

-19.2

3.8e

1.1

0.1

9.5

7.2

10.3

-13.6

-3.5

9.3

na

28.6

2.4

9.9e

na

4.2

na

19.7

32.7

8.3p

17.1

-4.4

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

6.1

4.7

3.8

4.2

5.1

3.1

4.7

6.5

8.1p

6.3

na

5.6

9.8

2.4

3.3

3.4

4.2

4.3

5.6

4.4

3.4

4.1

2.9

3.8

3.0

5.2

3.3

3.0

199.1

143.9

71.1

241.8

120.1

167.2

281.8

116.8

214.3

165.2

133.3

125.0

310.9

145.5

86.7

449.4

132.2

211.3

242.5

146.2

69.5

217.0

120.8

124.1

71.1

165.9

235.2

190.1

200.6

385.9

638.4

248.9

602.7

463.7

231.9

954.9

571.4

338.3

482.3

694.4

147.6

831.3

783.0

55.0

136.9

50.4

171.9

237.1

341.4

267.1

560.8

666.2

1141.3

423.5

280.3

995.6

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.7 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2009 

Year
2009

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-0.2

-1.7

-1.8

-3.0

0.1

-10.2

-7.8

-0.6

-6.3p

-1.1

-0.7

-1.7

0.0

-14.3

-7.7

1.0

-2.5

0.0

-0.9

-0.4

0.4

-2.7

-2.0

-1.8

-2.0

-2.4

-2.4

-1.6

66.9

67.2

70.1

80.2

76.3

74.0

70.6b

67.4b

73.1

70.3

65.6

62.3

73.0b

73.5

69.6

68.7b

61.2

59.4

79.7

74.3

64.7

73.4

63.1

71.8

68.4

75.0

78.9

75.7

3.5

2.9

2.0

0.6

3.5

3.7

3.5

3.9

4.3

3.0

5.1

3.4

0.6

4.5

3.3

1.2

4.2

2.9

0.8

1.2

2.6

4.2

2.2

1.8

6.6

1.4

1.1

1.9

21.9

15.1

16.6

11.8

11.1

27.4

24.0

25.7

37.7

23.6

25.2

25.3

13.8

33.3

29.6

16.5

26.4

14.5

10.2

10.7

20.6i

25.3

20.0

13.6

27.6

21.5

25.0

19.1

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for PL i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

11.1

19.5

8.5

5.4

8.8

14.5b

18.6b

12.4b

18.1

12.7

13.4

17.6

9.9b

17.5

12.1

5.8b

13.6

9.9

4.1

8.2

10.1

11.2

13.9

7.5

12.5

9.9

9.6

13.2

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

-0.1

-2.7

-0.7

1.8

-0.8

5.7b

8.5b

0.4b

6.3

1.4

-0.8

0.8

-0.8b

6.0

3.8

-0.9b

1.2

-0.4

0.1

0.4

-2.5

0.6

-0.9

-1.0

-1.9

2.2

0.3

4.6

20.2

46.2

14.0

17.6

20.0

23.4

25.7

27.6

24.7

18.5

na

24.9

23.5

37.9

29.6

17.8

29.6

20.3

15.1

19.1

27.8

24.9

43.0

17.1

19.6

16.9

15.9

22.0

-1.3

-15.1

-4.0

0.9

-0.2

1.4

2.4

-1.7

0.7

-0.3

na

-1.0

-1.9

-4.3

-6.3

1.3

-1.8

0.8

-0.9

1.3

-11.7

-0.1

na

0.0

-7.1

-0.2

-0.4

-1.7

14.6

21.8

8.6

13.1

15.5

19.7

15.0

19.7

20.4

12.9

na

18.4

15.8

26.4

20.3

14.9

12.4

14.9

11.1

14.5

17.1

17.9

22.1

11.3

11.0

13.8

13.3

17.3

-0.1

3.4

-1.3

1.4

3.0

1.4

-3.5

-0.8

0.1

-0.3

na

-0.9

0.2

2.9

0.3

0.8

-3.5

0.7

1.4

1.9

-2.0

-0.6

4.1

-0.3

-0.6

1.2

1.0

-1.7

5.2

41.9

6.1

2.3

5.4

6.2

6.1

11.0

4.5

5.6

na

7.3

9.5

22.1

15.6

1.1

20.3

5.0

1.4

4.6

15.0

9.1

32.1

6.1

11.1

2.8

1.6

3.3u

-1.2

-15.8

-3.5

-0.8

0.3

-0.8

1.3

-0.5

0.4

0.6

na

0.9

-3.1

-9.2

-9.7

0.0

-0.6

1.1

-0.9

1.0

-12.6

0.0

na

1.0

-7.1

-0.5

-0.5

12.3

6.9

6.0

8.8

10.9

5.6

20.0

6.6

7.6

8.4

na

9.2

4.0

7.4

7.2

6.3

11.3

9.2

8.5

7.1

6.9

7.0

8.1

5.6

5.6

8.4

6.4

-1.2u

12.7

-2.0

-7.8

-2.9

-0.8

-2.7

-1.5

7.1

-1.5

1.2

-0.7

na

-2.1

0.2

0.3

-1.1

1.1

-1.8

-0.5

-2.4

-1.0

-5.5

0.4

na

-1.3

-0.6

-0.7

-0.4

0.7

38 

 
 
 
 
Table 2.8: Auxiliary indicators, 2008 

Year 
2008

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

0.7

6.0

2.7

-0.7

1.1

-5.4

-4.4

-0.3

1.1p

0.2

2.1

-1.1

3.9

-3.6

2.6

-0.8

0.9

3.3

1.7

1.5

4.2

0.2

8.5

3.3

5.6

0.7

-0.6

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

24.0

33.0

29.0

23.0

20.3

31.2

24.8

23.8

29.2p

23.6

28.1

21.2

27.2

32.1

26.0

21.5

23.3

19.6

22.3

23.4

23.1

22.8

38.4

29.6

25.5

24.4

24.3

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

1.9

0.5

1.2

2.8

2.6

1.3

1.4

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-1.5

-21.2

-1.2

2.9

5.6

-7.5

-6.4

0.7eb

-13.4

1.3

2.1

0.9

1.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.6

1.0

0.5

1.6

2.6e

0.6

1.5b

0.6

1.6b

0.5

3.6

3.5e

-8.8

-0.9

-9.0

-2.8

-15.3

-11.0

-11.4

7.0

-5.8

-0.7

5.0

4.5

-5.6

-10.9

-11.4

-5.4

-5.3

2.3

7.7

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

38.4

17.9

3.7

0.5

0.8

8.0

7.4

1.4

4.8

2.3

7.6

-0.5

8.7

3.7

4.0

184.7

47.8

164.7

17.8

1.5

2.7

3.0

6.5

2.0

4.9

7.0

8.3

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-85.7

na

-4.7

29.8

5.9

54.3

-153.2

73.2

78.1

22.7

na

37.0

58.3

53.9

35.3

-2167.1

67.4

-428.8

59.8

23.3

28.3

74.6

27.7

34.5

17.7

6.8

66.2

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

192.0

na

60.4

44.7

31.9

77.1

73.7

12.0

45.1

34.2

42.2

18.8

701.6

36.0

29.9

3006.2

219.0

1636.5

404.8

73.2

39.7

47.6

35.9

25.0

60.5

50.9

91.5

-5.3

-8.0

-4.1

1.6

-3.4

-4.1

-3.1

-3.8

-3.6p

-2.8

-5.1

-3.6

-6.4

-5.5

-5.7

-6.7

-6.2

-2.3

-0.7

-3.5

-3.0

-4.6

-2.8

-6.2

-5.9

-3.3

-1.9

1.2

19.5

22.8

-0.6

-1.3

12.1

1.1

2.8

3.1

-1.2

6.0

0.0

-0.7

21.5

10.4

2.1

8.5

0.6

-2.3

-0.7

14.5

0.0

9.9

3.9

26.7

-1.3

-4.6

-0.9

50.9

70.3

na

6.3

52.4

-7.3

16.7

-4.6

-9.6

4.9

-6.4

-16.9e

96.7

59.2e

28.8

39.4

23.4

4.5

6.3

68.4e

-1.1

113.6

29.5

na

6.5

3.7

UK

-0.6

17.3
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index e = Eurostat estimates for ES, LV, LT; e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

-13.5

-13.8

60.4

1.6e

-0.7

-3.5

9.1

na

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

-4.7

13.0

-3.3

3.4

-4.6

7.4

-3.2

-1.7

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-1.1

-0.3

1.4

0.4

-0.9

-1.9

-6.6

0.7

-1.2p

-3.6p

-3.2

6.7

-8.0

0.1

3.9

11.5

1.1

-4.0

0.0

-0.2

-4.1

4.5

-2.9

28.9

-4.1

-4.5

-10.2

-2.3

-5.1

-2.4

-2.0

-5.9

-3.5

-0.4

10.7

3.2

4.1

16.6

-1.0

-0.5

4.3

-3.1

-6.0

1.4

0.2

3.8

-0.8

-1.7

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

-1.0

3.6

0.5

-1.8

-0.2

-5.2

-3.8

-1.6

0.9p

-0.3

-1.7

-1.3

0.3

-2.8

4.0

-5.3

2.9

0.8

0.1

-0.4

0.4

-0.2

8.4

0.7

2.3

-1.5

-1.4

-1.5

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

19.3

65.7

31.8

30.6

2.1

97.0

44.8

43.0

38.9p

20.1

na

30.0

37.2

133.0

31.8

31.5

79.9

na

22.4

10.6

na

29.1

604.8

57.5

43.1

16.7

23.8

31.8

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

1.9

37.6

14.9

11.8

-18.7

60.9

20.3

21.0

18.3

1.0

15.1

11.4

12.7

88.4

5.5

17.3

57.0

4.9

7.1

-4.5

2.9

6.9

492.8

36.1

24.6

-1.5

5.2

10.8

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

23.5

84.8p

45.1e

20.8

-1.2

63.2

14.9

21.9e

22.7e

19.7

35.8

13.9

32.0

113.8e

76.7e

22.9

na

61.1

11.7

10.1e

na

7.4b

na

54.5

na

14.2p

27.9

13.2

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

6.5

5.8

4.0

5.4

5.0

4.3

8.2

8.1

10.4p

6.8

na

5.8

12.1

6.1

3.4

4.1

4.1

5.6

6.2

4.3

3.8

4.7

3.1

4.6

2.5

5.9

3.9

3.6

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

189.7

136.8

67.9

231.9

116.4

161.6

254.9

113.4

209.3

157.4

120.3

116.3

289.5

120.7

81.9

380.7

120.2

190.7

222.2

143.6

69.7

208.2

112.9

114.6

66.1

156.6

217.9

188.8

236.5

431.9

749.9

316.4

758.1

433.4

276.7

1196.7

615.8

414.3

479.9

764.1

127.6

985.8

1008.0

69.0

136.3

50.4

219.2

289.9

409.9

266.0

674.2

680.5

1148.8

451.4

378.5

1749.0

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.8 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2008 

Year
2008

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1.8

2.4

2.2

1.1

1.3

-0.2

-0.6

1.3

0.2p

0.5

3.8

0.2

3.5

-0.8

-1.3

4.8

-2.0

2.5

1.6

1.9

3.8

0.4

0.0

2.6

3.2

2.2

0.9

0.8

67.1

67.8

69.7

80.7

75.9

74.2

72.1

66.7

72.7

69.9

65.8

62.9

73.6

74.2

68.4

66.8

61.2

59.1

79.3

73.9

63.8

73.9

62.9

71.8

68.8

76.0

79.3

75.8b

3.3

2.9

2.2

0.5

3.9

1.7

1.7

3.7

2.0

2.6

5.3

3.0

0.5

1.9

1.3u

1.6

3.6

2.6

0.9

1.0

2.5

3.6

2.4

1.9

6.7

1.2

0.8

1.4

18.0

11.9

9.9

8.0

10.4

12.0i

13.3

21.9

24.5

19.0

23.7

21.2

9.0

13.6

13.3

17.3

19.5i

11.7

8.6

8.5

17.2

21.6

17.6

10.4

19.3

16.5

20.2

15.0

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for EE and HU i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

10.1

17.4b

6.7

4.3

8.4b

8.7

15.0

11.4b

14.3

10.5

11.6

16.6

9.7

11.8

8.8

6.2

11.5

8.3

3.4

7.4

9.0b

10.2

11.6

6.5

11.1

7.8

7.8b

12.1b

3 years change 
in pp

-2.9

-7.7b

-6.6

0.0

-2.5b

-1.9

4.1

-4.5b

1.3

-0.7

-5.1

-0.5

-9.8

1.2

0.0

0.7

-1.4

-3.6

-1.9

-1.2

-4.9b

-0.9

-5.2

-2.4

-4.7

0.0

-2.7b

3.7b

%

20.8

44.8b

15.3

16.3

20.1

21.8

23.7

28.1

23.8b

18.5b

na

25.5

23.3b

34.2b

28.3

15.5

28.2

20.1

14.9

20.6b

30.5b

26.0

44.2

18.5

20.6

17.4

14.9

23.2

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

-1.8

na

-4.3

-0.9

1.7

-4.1

-1.3

-1.3

-0.5b

-0.4b

na

-0.1

-2.0b

-12.1b

-12.7

-1.8

-3.9

-0.4

-1.8

3.2b

-14.8b

-0.1

na

0.0

-11.4

0.2

0.5

-1.6

14.7

21.4

9.0

11.8

15.2

19.5

15.5

20.1

19.8b

12.5b

na

18.9

15.9b

25.9

20.9

13.4

12.4

15.3

10.5

15.2b

16.9

18.5

23.6

12.3

10.9

13.6

12.2

18.7

-0.1

7.4

-1.4

0.0

3.0

1.2

-4.2

0.5

-0.3b

-0.5b

na

-0.3

-0.2b

6.5

0.4

-0.3

-1.1

1.0

-0.2

2.6b

-3.6

-0.9

6.6

0.1

-2.4

1.9

2.7

-0.3

5.6

41.2

6.8

2.0

5.5

4.9

5.5

11.2

3.6

5.4

na

7.5

9.1

19.3

12.5

0.7

17.9

4.3

1.5

5.9

17.7

9.7

32.7

6.7

11.8

3.5

1.4

4.5

-0.9

na

-5.0

-1.2

0.9

-7.5

0.4

-1.6

-0.5

0.1

na

0.7

-3.1

-20.0

-20.1

-1.1

-5.0

-1.1

-1.0

2.4

-16.1

0.4

na

1.6

-10.3

-0.3

-0.9

-0.8

11.7

8.1b

7.2

8.5

11.7

5.3

13.7

7.5

6.6

8.8

na

10.4

4.5b

5.4

6.1

4.7

12.0

8.6

8.2

7.4b

8.0

6.3

8.5

6.7

5.2

7.5

5.5

10.4

-3.4

na

-1.7

-1.6

-0.3

-4.2

-1.0

-0.1

-0.3

0.1

na

-0.6

0.1b

-2.9

-3.5

-1.0

2.5

-1.0

-1.6

0.1b

-6.3

0.3

na

-1.9

-1.4

-2.5

-2.1

-2.5

40 

 
 
 
 
Table 2.9: Auxiliary indicators, 2007 

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

3.4

7.3

5.5

0.8

3.3

7.7

3.8

3.3

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

23.2

28.3

29.6

23.7

20.1

36.6

28.7

26.0

3.8p

31.0p

2.4

5.2

1.5

4.8

9.9

11.1

8.4

0.4

4.0

3.7

3.6

7.0

2.5

6.9

6.9

10.8

5.2

3.4

23.1

26.8

21.6

25.5

36.4

28.6

20.1

23.7

22.4

21.8

23.0

22.5

22.5

36.0

28.8

26.8

24.2

23.9

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

1.8

0.4

1.3

2.5b

2.5

1.1

1.2

0.6e

1.2

2.0

0.8

1.1

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.6e

1.0

0.6

1.7

2.4

0.6

1.1

0.5

1.4

0.5

3.4

3.3

1.6

-25.7

-3.7

1.5

6.7

-13.8

-6.4

-13.3

-9.3

-0.2

-7.2

-1.3

na

-18.9

-12.9

9.4

-6.4

-0.7

5.3

3.8

-5.3

-8.6

-13.2

-4.3

-5.1

3.9

8.1

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

19.8

28.0

5.5

3.7

1.5

13.5

22.9

0.7

4.8

3.2

7.8

3.0

na

8.8

5.8

377.0

49.9

451.2

85.9

17.4

5.8

2.5

5.9

2.3

6.5

8.5

9.4

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

-45.3

na

na

32.3

3.8

48.5

-203.8

66.1

71.5

13.0

na

na

na

46.1

28.1

-2616.1

26.5

-385.9

46.4

15.5

19.7

64.7

20.4

24.2

12.9

-2.1

45.1

Year 
2007

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

154.6

na

53.0

47.1

33.7

75.0

192.0

16.1

44.7

34.8

64.5

21.4

na

35.3

36.6

2788.4

177.5

1549.3

409.0

75.4

38.4

51.0

36.7

24.0

64.2

46.4

81.3

-3.6

-7.3

-3.2

1.8

-2.4

-3.6

-2.4

-2.9

-3.0p

-2.2

-3.9

-2.9

-5.1

-4.3

-4.2

-5.4

-4.6

-1.4

-1.2

-2.8

-2.6

-3.6

-2.6

-4.7

-4.9

-2.5

-1.6

0.4

14.4

14.4

-1.3

-0.7

8.5

1.4

3.3

3.5

-1.4

4.4

-0.1

-0.4

10.8

4.6

3.0

8.9

-0.7

-1.8

-0.6

18.9

0.6

38.9

2.0

21.7

-3.0

-3.6

2.4

59.9

73.9

na

12.1

69.0

-3.4

20.0

4.4

-8.9

23.9

0.0

-10.7e

114.6

43.3e

37.8

41.3

na

7.0

11.5

70.9e

6.2

102.1

35.7

na

4.7

11.2

-2.5

15.4

-2.0

2.6

-1.9

9.0

-5.2

1.1

2.6p

-2.6

7.9

-4.4

3.3

7.8

7.6

1.4

-3.1

2.1

0.4

-2.0

5.5

-0.5

26.9

-2.3

-3.3

-9.7

-1.8

-0.6

-2.2

11.7

3.1

-4.3

1.4

4.7

1.0

2.7

0.4p

-5.1

-4.5

-1.7

-2.6

5.9

-4.7

1.0

8.2

3.0

-2.3

-0.5

2.1

-0.6

-0.1

5.7

6.7

1.2

-3.4

-9.4

1.7

4.0

3.4

-1.4

1.5

7.5

-0.6

1.9

0.5p

0.9

-4.1

0.2

0.4

5.9

8.9

3.8

0.3

1.7

0.7

1.8

2.4

2.5

6.5

3.5

8.5

3.0

1.1

1.7

UK

2.6

18.0
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index e = Eurostat estimates for ES, CY, LV, LT, MT; e = NSI estimates for BG, CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

51.5

-0.6

-0.4

-6.9

-2.5

1.6

6.8

na

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

15.2

123.5

36.1

27.2

-0.1

80.9

na

44.5

33.8p

16.5

na

22.6

32.4

96.3

28.2

20.0

92.4

na

19.8

6.8

na

30.4

948.0

55.5

44.4

11.6

13.0

34.6

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

1.4

90.6

21.8

12.5

-17.4

54.3

22.2

26.6

17.3

1.2

29.6

7.7

10.9

67.7

7.5

10.5

73.1

4.5

8.4

-4.8

7.7

11.8

812.3

39.0

29.9

-2.8

-0.9

16.8

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

33.3

102.0e

30.5e

49.8

-1.3

na

35.4

33.0e

41.4e

36.8b

46.8

19.5

32.8e

162.1e

103.7e

32.5b

na

56.2e

14.5

14.4e

na

5.8

na

65.2

na

22.5p

38.8

32.4

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

6.3

5.0

4.1

6.5

5.1

6.1

11.1

10.8

11.7p

6.7

na

5.8

12.3

7.2

2.8

3.8

4.0

7.4

6.3

4.2

3.7

5.2

2.4

4.2

2.5

6.5

4.3

3.7

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

168.6

125.0

61.8

220.5

117.2

152.4

200.8

101.8

205.5

150.5

111.6

112.7

270.0

116.1

80.7

455.5

109.8

174.5

220.9

141.3

56.8

196.7

106.1

104.0

61.2

145.2

190.9

176.9

194.2

215.0

640.4

204.7

515.8

397.5

190.1

308.2

403.6

293.0

239.3

353.3

360.1

1007.6

774.3

57.3

117.3

49.0

218.2

204.4

213.0

216.5

510.7

447.4

998.4

251.8

220.1

865.3

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.9 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2007 

Year
2007

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1.7

3.2

2.1

2.2

1.7

0.2

4.4

1.3

3.3p

1.4

9.7

1.2

4.4

3.8

2.0

4.4

0.1

2.2

3.0

1.8

4.5

0.0

0.4

3.4

2.1

2.1

2.3

0.8

67.1

66.3

69.9

80.1

75.6

73.2

72.6b

66.5

71.8

69.7

65.7

62.4

73.9

72.6

67.9

66.9b

61.6

58.8

78.5

73.5b

63.2

73.9

63.0

71.3

68.3

75.6

79.1

75.5b

3.8

4.0

2.8

0.6

4.9

2.3

1.4

4.2

1.7

3.0

6.0

2.9

0.7

1.6

1.4u

1.2

3.5

2.7

1.2

1.3

5.1

3.8

3.2

2.2

8.4

1.5

0.8

1.3

18.8

14.1

10.7

7.5

11.8

10.1

9.1

22.7

18.1

19.5

25.2

20.4

10.2

10.6

8.4

15.6

18.1

13.5

9.4

9.4

21.6

21.4

19.3

10.1

20.6

16.5

19.2

14.3

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

%

11.2

19.1

6.9

4.3b

8.9

8.9

10.8b

11.3

12.0

10.7

12.9

16.1

9.0

11.9

7.1

5.7b

11.5

11.5

3.5

7.4b

10.6

11.2

13.3

6.7

12.5

7.0

7.5b

11.9b

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

-4.2

-7.3

-6.8

-0.8b

-1.2

-3.6

-1.1b

-5.3

-0.5

-0.2

-4.2

-0.7

-0.4

-0.5

-3.5

-0.6b

-1.2

-1.6

-1.8

-1.7b

-4.4

0.0

-6.5

-0.8

-5.4

-2.1

-0.1b

3.5b

21.6

60.7

15.8

16.8

20.6

22.0

23.1

28.3

23.3

19.0

na

26.0

25.2

35.1

28.7

15.9

29.4

19.7

15.7

16.7

34.4

25.0

47.0

17.1

21.4

17.4

13.9

22.6

0.0

na

na

0.3

na

-4.3

-1.7

-2.6

-1.7

-0.8

na

-0.2

na

na

na

-0.2

na

na

na

-1.2

na

-2.5

na

na

na

0.2

-3.0

na

15.2

22.0

9.6

11.7

15.2

19.4

17.2

20.3

19.7

13.1

na

19.5

15.5

21.2

19.1

13.5

12.3

15.1

10.2

12.0

17.3

18.1

24.6

11.5

10.6

13.0

10.5

18.6

0.9

6.0

1.6

0.8

4.2

-0.8

-3.7

0.4

-0.4

-0.4

na

0.6

na

5.2

2.1

0.8

2.3

0.1

-0.8

-1.0

1.3

-2.3

7.6

1.5

na

2.0

-0.8

0.6

5.7

57.6

7.4

3.3

4.8

5.6

4.5

11.5

3.5

4.7

na

7.0

13.3

24.0

16.6

0.8

19.9

4.4

1.7

3.3

22.3

9.6

38.0

5.1

13.7

3.6

2.2

4.2

1.0

na

na

0.4

na

-3.8

-0.3

-2.6

-1.3

-1.4

na

0.0

na

na

na

0.0

na

na

na

-0.5

na

-0.3

na

na

na

-0.2

-0.8

na

13.8

16.0

8.6

10.1

11.5

6.2

14.3

8.1

6.8

9.6

na

10.2

3.7

6.2

6.4

5.0

11.3

9.6

9.7

8.2

10.1

7.2

9.9

7.3

6.4

8.8

6.0

10.4

-0.9

na

na

0.8

na

-3.5

1.4

0.6

-0.5

-0.7

na

-2.1

na

na

na

-1.2

na

na

na

1.4

na

0.3

na

na

na

-0.7

-2.7

na

42 

 
 
 
Table 2.10: Auxiliary indicators, 2006 

Year 
2006

P
D
G

l
a
e
R

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

2.5

6.9

6.9

3.8

3.7

10.3

5.9

5.7

4.2p

2.4

4.8

2.0

4.5

11.9

7.4

5.1

3.9

1.8

3.5

3.4

6.2

1.6

8.1

5.7

8.5

4.1

4.7

2.5

l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
x
i
f
s
s
o
r
G

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f

22.3

27.6

28.0

23.5

19.8

36.7

31.0

23.7

31.1p

22.4

26.6

21.5

25.1

34.2

25.9

18.9

23.6

22.0

21.3

22.7

20.4

22.5

26.4

27.8

27.3

22.8

23.0

17.6

c
i
t
s
e
m
o
d
s
s
o
r
G

f
o
%

(

D
&
R
n
o
e
r
u
t
i
d
n
e
p
x
e

)

P
D
G

l
a
t
i
p
a
c

l

s
u
p
t
n
e
r
r
u
C

i

-
g
n
d
n
e
l

t
e
N

(

t
n
u
o
c
c
a

i

)
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
b

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
b
e
d

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
e

t
e
N

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
w
o
l
f

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

i

t
c
e
r
i
d
n
g
i
e
r
o
F

-
y
m
o
n
o
c
e
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
r

e
h
t
n

i

s
k
c
o
t
s

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

y
g
r
e
n
e

f
o
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
e
d
a
r
t

t
e
N

s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

e
g
n
a
h
c
x
e
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f
e

l
a
e
R

i

g
n
d
a
r
t
a
e
r
A
o
r
u
E

-

e
t
a
r

s
r
e
n
t
r
a
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y
3
(

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
t
r
o
p
x
E

d
e
c
n
a
v
d
a

t
s
n
i
a
g
a

s
e
i
m
o
n
o
c
e

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

e
d
a
r
t

f
o
s
m
r
e
T

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

5
(

n

i

e
r
a
h
s

t
e
k
r
a
m

t
r
o
p
x
E

e
m
u
o
v

l

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

y
t
i
v
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
p
r
u
o
b
a
L

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%

r
a
e
y

1
(

1.8

0.5

1.2

2.4

2.5

1.1

1.2

0.6e

1.2

2.1

0.7

1.1

0.4

0.7

0.8

1.7

1.0

0.6

1.8

2.4

0.6

1.0e

0.5

1.5

0.5

3.3

3.5e

1.6

1.9

na

-1.8

3.3

5.6

-12.8

-5.2

-10.1

-8.4

0.1

-7.0

-1.4

na

-19.6

-9.0

9.3

-6.4

-3.0

8.9

3.0

-3.4

-9.5

-10.4

-2.3

-9.5

3.9

7.6

-2.3

-49.1

14.4

143.8

na

na

31.9

8.2

43.0

-194.3

60.1

61.4

9.9

na

na

na

40.9

18.9

-2541.9

11.2

-323.6

43.2

13.4

16.7

56.6

11.6

10.6

14.4

-3.1

44.6

na

na

3.5

0.9

2.9

10.3

9.8

2.0

2.6

3.4

6.5

2.9

na

7.9

6.8

307.6

16.3

371.6

51.6

3.2

6.2

6.3

8.8

1.9

10.0

2.3

5.2

7.8

na

47.5

44.7

32.7

75.5

185.7

14.7

42.3

33.3

46.3

19.7

na

34.2

35.3

2626.4

145.1

1111.2

340.5

61.6

36.1

46.1

33.4

23.1

70.7

41.6

69.9

53.2

-4.5

2.3

-4.0

2.0

-2.8

-3.5

-2.0

-3.5

-3.2p

-2.4

-3.7

-3.2

-5.0

-5.3

-3.3

-5.9

-6.2

-4.5

-1.1

-3.5

-2.4

-3.8

-3.0

-5.0

-6.3

-3.0

-1.7

-0.4

0.6

12.8

11.7

-1.9

-1.1

5.9

0.9

3.4

3.7

-0.4

5.5

0.3

1.0

4.4

0.9

3.6

3.6

0.9

-1.8

-0.6

13.6

0.7

30.0

-0.2

21.1

-4.1

-4.0

0.9

-4.0

59.8

75.9

na

13.8

60.8

0.8

7.2e

3.0

-5.1

32.5

-2.6

-16.2e

93.6

65.3e

30.7

38.7

na

5.7

12.9

67.5e

6.6

93.9

35.4

na

2.6

9.9

2.5

-2.0

12.3

0.4

4.0

0.0

11.1

-3.7

2.1

4.9p

-2.1

8.6

-3.9

0.5

0.4

7.0

3.3

-2.3

2.1

1.2

-0.9

3.1

0.6

17.5

-1.3

-2.2

-9.5

-4.9

1.0

-4.2

-1.8

4.8

0.3

2.8

0.0

-3.4

-4.3

-4.6p

-3.9

-3.9

-1.3

-8.2

-2.0

3.1

3.5

10.0

8.0

-2.5

-2.0

6.1

2.9

0.9

4.6

13.4

0.6

-0.8

3.0

1.4

3.4

5.5

1.6

2.9

5.1

1.2

3.8

0.0p

1.3

0.9

0.0

2.6

5.8

7.7

1.2

3.4

0.3

1.3

1.6

2.9

1.2

7.3

4.0

6.2

2.2

2.9

1.5

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
u

i

l
a
n
m
o
N

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

x
e
d
n

i

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

t
s
o
c

r
u
o
b
a
l

t
i
n
U

A
E
o
t

e
v
i
t
a
l
e
r

e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

0
1
(

x
e
d
n

i

e
c
i
r
p
e
s
u
o
H

i

l
a
n
m
o
n
-

)
0
0
1
=
0
1
0
2
(

)
e
g
n
a
h
c
%
s
r
a
e
y

3
(

13.2

0.7

34.4

1836.6

1558.3

130.9e

46.3

22.3

-0.7

66.5

na

52.7

31.5p

14.6

na

23.5

35.0

57.2

39.8

19.3

116.4

na

18.1

4.9

na

34.2

31.1

9.4

-17.0

44.7

17.6

35.0

15.7

0.4

36.7

9.7

12.6

36.7

21.1

11.0

95.6

3.8

7.7

-5.7

21.8

16.9

1859.9

1615.6

59.1

57.2

10.0

10.2

34.3

43.5

42.8

-3.0

-2.2

18.1

9.8e

58.9

-0.7

na

40.0

28.5e

50.8e

48.9

45.5

20.8

31.2e

97.6e

74.3e

41.1

na

50.9e

13.6

7.3e

na

5.1

na

46.6

na

25.p

34.9

34.8

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
c

l
a
i
t
n
e
d
i
s
e
R

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

6.2

5.6

3.5

6.8

5.2

6.7

13.5

10.0

12.1p

6.5

na

5.7

11.9

5.2

2.5

2.9

3.7

7.0

6.2

4.2

3.4

5.6

1.8

3.9

2.4

6.6

4.1

3.7

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index e = Eurostat estimates for ES, CY, LV, LT, MT; e = NSI estimates for BG, CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

,
t
b
e
d
r
o
t
c
e
s
e
t
a
v
i
r
P

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)

P
D
G

f
o
%

(

,
e
g
a
r
e
v
e
l

r
o
t
c
e
s

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
c
-
n
o
n

)
y
t
i
u
q
e
-
o
t
-
t
b
e
d
%

(

157.4

97.1

58.0

210.3

121.2

146.8

192.3

92.9

192.4

147.0

101.4

105.0

263.3

106.1

64.5

233.5

96.1

173.0

221.7

137.0

49.9

187.6

67.2

89.3

52.5

140.7

172.3

172.6

195.0

169.1

657.7

176.8

494.0

412.5

178.8

287.5

337.2

232.0

370.3

253.4

397.6

1083.8

729.3

60.1

141.2

61.7

224.8

211.7

218.3

201.9

503.8

492.5

1211.0

226.9

197.5

709.4

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.10 (continued): Auxiliary indicators, 2006 

Year
2006

Employment rate
(1 year % change)

Activity rate - % 
of total 
population aged 
15-64
(%)

Long-term 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-74
(%) 

Youth 
unemployment 
rate - % of active 
population aged 
15-24
(%)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1.1

3.3

1.3

2.2

0.8

4.9

4.6

1.8

4.2p

1.1

3.9

2.0

1.9

5.8

-0.3

3.8

0.4

1.5

2.2

1.7

3.2

0.4

0.7

1.6

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.0

66.5

64.5

70.3

80.6

74.9

72.8

71.9

66.7

71.1

69.6

4.2

5.0

3.9

0.8

5.7

2.9

1.4

4.9

1.8

3.5

63.0e

6.4e

62.6

73.0

71.0

67.6

66.7

62.0

57.9

77.4

72.4

63.4

73.6

63.6

70.9

68.6

75.2

78.8

75.7

3.3

0.9

2.4

2.6

1.4

3.4

2.7

1.7

1.5

7.9

3.9

4.1

2.9

10.3

1.9

1.0e

1.2

20.5

18.3

17.5

7.7i

13.6

12.1

8.7

25.0

17.9

22.0

28.8i

21.8

10.0

13.6

10.0

15.5i

19.1

15.5

10.0

9.8

29.8

21.2

20.2

13.9

27.0

18.7

21.5

13.9

%

11.2b

22.2b

9.2b

3.6

9.6

8.8

10.1b

12.0b

11.8b

11.3

14.2b

16.8b

10.7b

11.5b

8.3b

6.7b

12.4b

10.3b

4.0b

7.8b

12.6

10.6b

14.8b

8.5b

14.4b

7.7

9.3b

8.6

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for DK, HR and LU i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

Young people neither in 
employment nor in education 
and training - % of total 
population aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or 
social exclusion -
% of total population

People at risk of poverty after 
social transfers -
% of total population

Severely materially deprived 
people -
% of total population

People living in households 
with very low work intensity -
% of total population aged 0-
59

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

%

3 years change 
in pp

-6.6b

-6.8b

-4.5b

-1.6

-0.4

-1.7

-1.6b

-6.0b

-0.7b

0.9

-3.8b

0.2b

1.8b

-1.4b

-2.0b

1.6b

-0.2b

-9.1b

-1.1b

1.7b

-4.1

-0.6b

-5.5b

0.5b

-3.8b

-1.9

2.5b

-0.4

21.5

61.3

18.0

16.7

20.2

22.0

23.3

29.3

24.0

18.8

na

25.9

25.4

42.2

35.9

16.5

31.4

19.5

16.0

17.8

39.5

25.0

na

17.1

26.7

17.1

16.3

23.7

-1.9

na

na

-0.2

na

na

-1.1

-3.6

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

0.7

na

na

na

2.1

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

14.7

18.4

9.9

11.7

12.5

18.3

18.5

20.5

20.3

13.2

na

19.3

15.6

23.5

20.0

14.1

15.9

14.2

9.7

12.6

19.1

18.5

na

11.6

11.6

12.6

12.3

19.0

-0.7

4.4

na

0.0

2.5

0.3

-2.0

-0.2

1.3

1.2

na

0.3

na

na

3.0

2.2

4.9

na

-1.3

-0.6

3.1

-1.5

na

0.6

na

1.6

1.3

1.0

6.4

57.7

9.6

3.1

5.1

7.0

4.8

11.5

4.1

5.0

na

6.4

12.6

31.3

25.3

1.1

20.9

3.9

2.3

3.6

27.6

9.1

na

5.1

18.2

3.3

2.1

4.5

1.9

na

na

1.1

na

na

-0.8

-5.4

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

-0.8

na

na

na

0.3

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

14.3

14.7

8.9

9.6

13.6

7.1

12.9

8.1

6.4

9.1

na

11.3

3.8

7.1

8.3

5.2

13.1

9.7

10.9

8.1

12.4

6.6

na

6.9

6.2

9.1

6.8

12.0

-1.1

na

na

-0.2

na

na

1.4

-0.4

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

-0.9

na

na

na

-32.8

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

44 

 
 
 
 
Chapter 3: Tables by indicator 

Table 3.1: Current account balance, % of GDP (3 year average) 

The Current account provides information about the transactions of a country with the rest of the world. It covers all transactions (other than those in financial items) in goods, services, primary income and secondary income
which occur between resident and non-resident units. The MIP scoreboard indicator is the three-year backward moving average of the current account balance expressed in percent of GDP. The indicator is based on Balance of
Payments (BoP) data. Starting from October 2014 definitions are based on the Sixth Edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
2.4
-11.7
-2.4
na
4.9
-11.9
-3.0
-9.4
-7.4
0.2
-5.4
-0.9
-6.4
-14.7
-8.5
11.0
-7.5
-5.6
8.0
2.6
-4.0
-9.6
-9.1
-2.1
-10.1
4.2
6.8
-1.7

2007
2.0
-17.5
-2.5
3.0
5.7
-12.9
-5.1
-11.8
-8.7
-0.1
-6.4
-1.3
-8.6
-17.7
-11.0
10.3
-7.1
-5.0
7.8
3.1
-4.3
-10.1
-10.9
-2.6
-8.7
3.6
7.5
-2.0

2008
1.0
-21.0
-2.8
2.6
6.0
-12.9
-6.1
-13.9
-9.3
-0.4
-7.6
-1.9
-11.8
-17.9
-13.0
9.2
-7.1
-3.2
7.1
3.9
-5.7
-10.8
-12.0
-3.8
-7.3
3.3
8.1
-2.7

2009
0.0
-18.1
-2.8
2.6
6.0
-7.1
-6.0
-14.2
-7.7
-0.7
-7.2
-2.0
-11.7
-8.4
-8.8
8.3
-5.0
-3.2
5.8
3.7
-5.7
-10.8
-10.2
-3.3
-5.3
2.7
7.3
-3.0

2010
-0.1
-10.7
-2.6
4.3
5.7
-1.5
-4.3
-12.9
-5.8
-0.9
-5.2
-2.7
-11.5
-0.8
-3.9
7.2
-2.5
-4.1
5.9
3.3
-5.3
-10.9
-7.2
-2.0
-4.9
1.8
6.6
-3.1

2011
-0.1
-3.2
-2.7
5.6
5.8
1.9
-2.8
-11.2
-3.8
-0.9
-2.4
-2.8
-7.7
2.2
-0.7
6.7
0.1
-3.8
7.1
2.4
-4.8
-8.9
-4.9
-0.2
-4.4
0.5
5.8
-2.5

2012
0.2
-0.7
-2.4
6.5
6.2
0.4
-2.1
-8.4
-2.4
-1.0
-0.7
-2.3
-7.1
-1.6
-1.8
6.2
0.9
-1.1
8.7
2.0
-4.8
-6.0
-4.9
0.9
-2.9
-0.8
5.7
-2.7

2013
-0.5
0.3
-1.4
6.9
6.6
-0.3
-0.8
-5.3
-0.6
-1.0
0.0
-0.8
-5.0
-3.2
-1.2
5.9
2.1
1.4
9.6
1.7
-3.4
-2.1
-3.6
2.5
-0.7
-1.8
5.5
-3.3

2014
-0.3
0.2
-0.6
7.7
7.0
-0.5
0.4
-2.5
0.8
-1.1
1.0
0.8
-5.1
-2.8
1.3
5.5
2.5
3.8
9.7
1.9
-2.4
-0.1
-2.2
4.5
1.3
-1.6
5.2
-4.2

Flags: na: not available. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

-0.2
 0.6
 0.2
 8.8
 7.5
 0.9
4.7*
-1.2
 1.3
-0.7
 2.7
 1.5
-4.1
-1.8
 0.9
 5.3
 3.0
 4.3
 9.1
 2.1
-1.3
 0.7
-1.0
 5.4
 1.1
-1.0
 5.0
-4.8

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.2: Current account balance (% of GDP) 

The Current account provides information about the transactions of a country with the rest of the world. It covers all transactions (other than those in financial items) in goods, services, primary income and secondary income
which occur between resident and non-resident units. The indicator is expressed in percent of GDP and based on Balance of Payments (BoP) data. Starting from October 2014 definitions are based on the Sixth Edition of the
IMF's Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). 

2012
-0.1
-0.9
-1.6
6.3
7.0
-1.9
-2.6
-3.8
-0.2
-1.2
-0.2
-0.4
-6.0
-3.6
-1.2
5.9
1.8
1.7
10.3
1.5
-3.7
-1.8
-4.8
2.6
0.9
-1.9
5.6
-3.7
Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 

2009
-1.1
-8.3
-2.3
3.5
5.7
2.5
-4.9
-12.3
-4.3
-0.8
-5.3
-1.9
-7.7
7.8
2.1
7.3
-0.8
-6.6
5.5
2.6
-4.0
-10.4
-4.8
-0.6
-3.4
1.9
6.0
-3.0

2010
1.8
-1.7
-3.6
6.6
5.6
1.8
-1.5
-11.4
-3.9
-0.8
-1.2
-3.4
-11.3
2.1
-0.3
6.7
0.3
-4.7
7.0
2.9
-5.4
-10.1
-5.1
-0.1
-4.7
1.2
6.0
-2.7

2011
-1.1
0.3
-2.1
6.6
6.1
1.3
-2.0
-10.0
-3.2
-1.0
-0.8
-3.0
-4.1
-3.2
-3.9
6.1
0.8
-0.2
8.7
1.6
-5.2
-6.0
-4.9
0.2
-5.0
-1.8
5.5
-1.8

2006
1.9
-17.2
-2.1
3.3
5.7
-15.0
-5.3
-11.5
-9.0
0.0
-6.6
-1.5
-8.2
-20.7
-10.6
10.0
-7.1
-6.6
9.2
3.3
-4.0
-10.7
-10.3
-1.8
-9.5
3.8
8.2
-2.2

2007
2.0
-23.9
-4.3
1.4
6.7
-15.0
-6.5
-15.2
-9.6
-0.3
-7.3
-1.4
-11.8
-20.7
-15.1
9.8
-7.1
-1.9
7.0
3.8
-6.3
-9.7
-13.8
-4.1
-5.9
3.8
8.2
-2.4

2008
-1.0
-22.0
-1.9
2.9
5.6
-8.7
-6.5
-15.1
-9.3
-1.0
-9.0
-2.8
-15.5
-12.3
-13.3
7.7
-7.0
-1.1
5.0
4.5
-6.7
-12.1
-11.8
-5.3
-6.5
2.2
7.8
-3.5

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2013
-0.3
1.3
-0.5
7.9
6.7
-0.4
2.1
-2.0
1.5
-0.9
1.0
1.0
-4.9
-2.7
1.5
5.6
3.8
2.8
9.9
2.0
-1.3
1.5
-1.1
4.8
1.9
-1.6
5.3
-4.4

2014
-0.7
0.1
0.2
9.1
7.3
0.9
1.7
-1.6
1.1
-1.1
2.1
1.9
-4.3
-2.0
3.6
5.1
2.0
7.0
8.9
2.4
-2.1
0.1
-0.7
6.2
1.2
-1.1
4.6
-4.7

2015
 0.4
 0.4
 0.9
 9.3
 8.4
 2.2
10.2*
 0.1
 1.4
-0.2
 5.0
 1.6
-2.9
-0.8
-2.3
 5.2
 3.2
 3.0
 8.7
 1.8
-0.6
 0.4
-1.2
 5.2
 0.2
-0.4
 5.2
-5.4

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.3: Net international investment position (% of GDP) 

The international investment position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value and composition of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on non-residents and gold bullion held as
reserve assets, and liabilities of residents of an economy to non-residents. The difference between an economy’s external financial assets and liabilities is the economy’s net IIP (NIIP), which may be positive or negative. The
NIIP provides an aggregate view of the net financial position (assets minus liabilities) of a country vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The MIP scoreboard indicator is expressed in percent of GDP and based on Balance of payment
(BoP) statistics. Starting from October 2014 definitions are based on the Sixth Edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). 

2012
51.8
-77.9
-45.9
36.3
28.0
-51.1
-137.3
-115.9
-89.9
-12.8
-90.8
-23.9
-129.2
-67.4
-53.4
52.2
-94.0
19.5
27.0
-3.2
-65.4
-116.5
-67.4
-49.9
-61.8
11.7
-14.6
-22.4
Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics.

2009
57.5
-49.7
-44.0
0.9
25.0
-80.1
-116.8
-87.5
-93.5
-14.8
-86.9
-22.3
-100.3
-82.7
-58.4
-29.5
-115.5
12.6
1.4
-5.1
-57.3
-107.9
-62.0
-43.6
-66.5
3.2
-7.2
-10.6

2010
65.2
-91.9
-46.1
12.9
25.7
-71.2
-114.9
-99.0
-88.6
-9.3
-94.3
-20.7
-111.2
-82.9
-55.9
-20.5
-108.8
12.1
11.2
-5.2
-65.1
-104.3
-63.4
-47.2
-61.9
16.5
-5.6
-4.0

2011
60.9
-82.8
-45.2
28.0
23.2
-54.8
-138.3
-88.8
-91.9
-8.7
-91.7
-19.2
-129.9
-74.6
-52.5
29.1
-106.3
6.2
20.4
-1.9
-62.4
-100.7
-65.4
-45.2
-64.4
15.1
-8.0
-5.9

2008
51.8
-48.0
-38.2
-5.1
18.2
-75.4
-95.8
-75.8
-80.2
-13.8
-73.8
-21.7
-79.1
-74.2
-51.5
16.5
-102.2
4.2
-8.1
-10.1
-55.6
-95.1
-52.5
-39.4
-58.1
-4.6
-7.9
9.0

2006
34.4
-28.9
-30.9
-0.3
19.8
-73.3
-25.8
-82.6
-67.9
-4.8
-73.6
-20.1
-45.4
-64.1
-48.0
21.6
-95.1
27.8
-1.9
-12.9
-44.9
-79.3
-36.0
-16.8
-64.8
-14.2
-9.8
-11.3

2007
33.6
-39.4
-37.0
-5.8
18.7
-71.3
-31.4
-93.7
-79.6
-8.9
-89.1
-21.2
-56.5
-69.0
-54.6
-18.4
-88.5
21.4
-15.0
-9.8
-49.2
-88.8
-46.9
-25.5
-56.4
-27.9
1.2
-8.9

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2013
51.9
-73.3
-41.4
37.8
33.8
-50.1
-131.7
-130.4
-94.3
-16.6
-88.9
-25.3
-138.9
-66.4
-47.0
44.4
-83.5
20.2
31.0
1.3
-69.0
-116.3
-62.6
-46.6
-62.3
3.9
-12.7
-16.2

2014
59.4
-75.2
-36.6
52.5
40.2
-46.7
-162.1
-132.5
-97.5
-16.9
-86.8
-24.5
-147.3
-64.3
-45.8
33.5
-75.8
41.3
57.8
2.2
-69.1
-114.9
-57.3
-44.2
-63.8
-2.6
-0.4
-17.6

2015

61.3
-60.0
-30.7
39.0
48.7
-40.9
-208.0*
-134.6
-89.9
-16.4
-77.7
-23.6
-130.3
-62.5
-44.7
35.8
-60.8
48.5
63.9
 2.9
-62.8
-109.3
-51.9
-38.7
-61.0
 0.6
 4.1
-14.4

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.4: Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, HICP deflator (3 years % change) 

Real effective exchange rate (REER) aims to assess a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on
exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the MIP is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs,
reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). The MIP scoreboard indicator is the percentage change over three years of REER. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
0.5
9.2
10.2
-1.6
-1.5
3.5
2.6
0.2
3.1
-0.5
2.8
-0.5
0.1
1.8
-2.6
3.4
1.8
2.8
-2.1
-1.7
11.6
0.7
28.1
-2.8
18.3
-5.5
-3.8
1.8

2007
0.2
9.9
12.6
-1.3
-1.5
6.5
3.1
-0.4
2.7
-1.6
1.8
-1.2
-1.3
7.7
0.9
2.4
6.6
1.2
-2.1
-1.8
16.4
0.6
35.9
-1.2
18.1
-4.9
-4.2
-0.4

2008
3.4
18.5
23.3
2.1
0.9
12.6
7.3
2.3
5.2
1.5
5.3
1.8
2.2
20.8
8.9
3.4
8.1
5.8
-0.1
-0.1
14.3
2.1
9.5
2.1
24.9
-0.4
-2.1
-11.2

2009
3.9
18.3
13.7
5.5
2.9
13.6
5.1
4.8
4.6
2.6
5.8
3.6
3.5
23.4
16.6
3.8
7.8
5.8
2.6
2.0
-3.9
1.0
-5.0
5.2
26.9
4.9
-8.5
-19.9

2010
0.5
9.7
12.0
0.2
-3.7
4.6
-5.4
2.9
-0.3
-2.2
2.0
-1.9
0.0
6.7
7.2
1.2
-1.2
-0.7
-1.5
-2.0
-1.4
-3.1
-10.8
1.2
10.9
-1.2
-3.3
-20.4

2011
-1.6
1.9
-0.6
-2.5
-4.9
-0.8
-9.6
1.8
-2.5
-4.4
-4.4
-3.2
-3.0
-2.5
1.7
0.1
-4.2
-5.0
-2.4
-1.9
-11.5
-3.0
-3.3
-1.1
3.4
-2.8
2.9
-8.3

2012
-4.2
-4.0
0.4
-7.8
-9.0
-3.6
-12.2
-5.0
-5.3
-7.8
-8.3
-6.2
-5.9
-8.6
-6.7
-2.4
-1.0
-7.6
-6.0
-4.7
1.2
-4.0
-1.9
-4.5
-3.1
-8.2
10.1
5.8

Source: European Commission, DG ECFIN

2013
-0.2
-1.0
-3.1
-2.6
-1.9
3.1
-3.9
-4.4
-0.4
-2.3
-4.0
0.0
-0.8
-1.7
-0.6
0.7
-4.0
-1.3
0.4
0.7
-4.3
-0.6
0.3
-0.7
2.1
0.1
5.1
3.4

2014
-0.6
-2.8
-10.0
-1.2
-0.4
4.7
-3.6
-5.6
-1.0
-1.3
-1.0
0.2
-1.7
0.2
1.5
0.5
-7.0
0.1
0.7
1.9
-1.3
-1.8
-1.1
1.2
1.2
2.6
-3.6
10.0

2015
-1.2
-4.1
-8.0
-1.5
-1.4
6.4
-5.9
-5.5
-2.9
-2.7
0.1
-2.2
-6.2
3.1
4.0
-0.5
-6.9
-0.2
-0.6
1.8
-1.0
-2.8
2.7
0.6
-0.7
2.3
-7.9
11.3

48 

 
 
 
Table 3.5: Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, HICP deflator (1 year % change) 

Real effective exchange rate (REER) aims to assess a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on
exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the MIP is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs,
reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). The indicator is one year percentage change of REER. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-0.1
4.1
4.4
-0.7
-0.9
1.1
0.5
0.0
1.0
-0.7
1.1
-0.5
-0.3
2.8
-0.3
0.5
-5.1
0.7
-0.8
-1.0
1.5
0.4
6.8
-0.7
5.1
-2.1
-0.8
0.3

2007
0.7
4.7
2.7
0.7
1.3
4.5
3.1
0.7
1.6
0.6
0.3
0.9
-0.6
6.6
3.0
0.9
10.9
1.3
0.2
0.6
3.3
1.0
8.2
1.2
9.6
0.2
0.9
1.5

2008
2.7
8.7
14.9
2.1
0.5
6.5
3.5
1.6
2.5
1.6
3.9
1.4
3.2
10.2
6.0
1.9
2.7
3.7
0.5
0.3
9.1
0.6
-5.2
1.6
8.4
1.5
-2.2
-12.8

2009
0.5
4.0
-3.7
2.6
1.0
2.0
-1.5
2.4
0.4
0.4
1.5
1.3
1.0
5.0
6.8
0.9
-5.3
0.7
1.9
1.1
-14.7
-0.6
-7.4
2.3
6.9
3.1
-7.2
-9.5

2010
-2.6
-2.9
1.2
-4.4
-5.2
-3.7
-7.2
-1.2
-3.1
-4.1
-3.3
-4.5
-4.1
-7.9
-5.3
-1.6
1.6
-5.0
-3.9
-3.4
6.0
-3.1
1.6
-2.6
-4.2
-5.7
6.5
0.9

2011
0.6
0.9
2.1
-0.7
-0.7
1.0
-1.1
0.6
0.2
-0.7
-2.7
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.8
-0.4
-0.8
-0.4
0.5
-2.2
0.7
2.8
-0.8
1.0
-0.1
4.1
0.5

2012
-2.3
-2.0
-2.8
-2.9
-3.3
-0.8
-4.3
-4.4
-2.4
-3.2
-2.6
-1.8
-2.0
-1.5
-2.0
-1.5
-2.2
-1.9
-1.8
-1.8
-2.4
-1.6
-6.1
-1.2
0.1
-2.6
-0.8
4.3

2013
1.5
0.1
-2.3
1.0
2.1
2.9
1.6
-0.6
1.9
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.1
-1.0
0.9
1.5
-1.4
1.4
2.7
2.1
0.2
0.3
3.9
1.3
0.9
2.9
1.7
-1.4

2014
0.2
-0.9
-5.2
0.8
0.8
2.6
-0.7
-0.7
-0.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
-0.8
2.8
2.7
0.5
-3.6
0.6
-0.1
1.7
1.0
-0.5
1.3
1.0
0.2
2.4
-4.6
7.0

Source: European Commission, DG ECFIN

2015
-2.9
-3.3
-0.6
-3.2
-4.3
0.8
-6.7
-4.3
-4.2
-4.5
-1.5
-4.1
-6.5
1.3
0.4
-2.5
-2.0
-2.2
-3.1
-1.9
-2.1
-2.6
-2.4
-1.8
-1.7
-2.9
-5.2
5.5

49 

 
 
 
Table 3.6: Export market share - % of world exports (5 years % change) 

The export market share is calculated by dividing the exports (goods and services) of the country by the total exports of the region/world. The MIP indicator is expressed as the percentage change over five years. The total world
export data are based on  International Monetary Fund (IMF) data.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-13.9
43.3
57.8
na
2.0
44.2
-9.6
-3.9e
-7.6
-14.9
18.8
-12.6
-24.8e
73.6
48.2e
17.2
24.4
na
-5.2
1.3
50.2e
-4.4
73.9
21.4
na
-8.0
-1.4
-8.1

2007
-6.7
45.7
58.5
na
2.1
53.9
-12.0
9.3
-4.8
-17.0
12.9
-8.9
-18.7e
95.6
30.5e
25.6
28.7
na
-2.5
1.6
55.7e
-3.3
84.2
23.6
na
-4.6
1.3
-15.1

2008
-11.0
35.6
53.1
na
-4.5
37.0
-16.7
4.8
-14.3
-18.8
-5.7
-15.9
-25.3e
76.8
43.0e
15.7
25.3
10.9
-6.1
-4.5
51.4e
-11.1
91.9
16.3
na
-4.3
-6.8
-22.6

2009
-8.9
19.4
27.3
na
-6.5
16.5
2.0
-10.2
-8.8
-14.3
-5.0
-17.7
-9.0e
52.8
31.1
12.0
13.1
46.0
-5.2
-5.9
34.7
-7.9
69.7
9.8
9.7
-12.8
-15.7
-19.8

2010
-11.1
8.3
11.7
-10.3
-7.5
9.7
-6.8
-14.0
-11.4
-17.2
-12.9
-18.7
-15.7e
22.0
19.4
3.6
3.7
38.3
-7.9
-12.3
25.1
-6.6
53.8
-1.3
4.2
-19.3
-12.5
-23.5

2011
-7.2
11.6
7.9
-13.4
-8.8
24.8
-10.5
-15.5
-8.2
-15.1
-15.8
-18.9
-11.2e
27.1
30.1
-3.4
-2.0
18.2
-7.9
-12.1
15.7
-8.2
50.6
-5.4
-2.3
-23.3
-11.8
-25.6

2012
-14.9
-0.3
-3.8
-17.1
-16.0
7.6
-15.7
-24.7
-17.6
-18.0
-23.5
-25.1
-21.5e
8.7
33.3
-9.6
-20.8
13.0
-12.2
-21.1
2.1
-16.0
13.1
-20.4
-9.6
-30.8
-18.9
-20.7

2013
-12.4
0.6
-9.1
-17.2
-11.9
10.4
-7.5
-25.2
-10.6
-14.3
-22.8
-19.6
-14.6
6.6
20.2
3.8
-22.2
-0.7
-10.7
-17.8
0.5
-6.8
14.6
-17.8
-3.5
-30.8
-16.6
-12.0

2014
-12.1
6.0
-5.7
-15.7
-8.9
21.2
-12.0
-18.0
-12.0
-14.1
-18.6
-14.8
-23.7
9.4
34.4
11.3
-15.8
-16.6
-10.8
-16.3
5.3
-5.5
20.8
-12.4
2.4
-25.1
-9.1
-9.9

Flags: e: estimated. na: not available. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat, and IMF

2015

-11.3
12.8
 0.1
-8.8
-2.8
 8.5
38.3*
-20.6
-3.5
-5.4
-3.5
-8.9
-16.8
10.5
15.5
22.9
-8.0
-8.8
-8.3
-9.6
 9.7
 2.8
21.1
-3.6
 6.7
-20.5
-9.3
 1.0

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.7: Export market share - % of world exports (1 year % change) 

The export market share is calculated by dividing the exports (goods and services) of the country by the total exports of the region/world. The indicator is expressed as the percentage change over one year. The total world export
data are based onInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) data.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-6.6
8.8
3.4
-0.8
-0.6
1.3
-5.5
-4.9
-4.5
-4.9
-2.8
-3.2
-9.6e
2.7
3.7
5.7
1.5
12.2
-3.3
-2.7
6.6
2.1
8.4
2.6
9.8
-1.4
-0.9
0.2

2007
2.3
6.9
7.8
-0.5
3.9
13.4
3.3
6.9
5.0
-1.1
1.9
3.0
3.0e
21.7
3.5
7.5
10.7
3.3
1.8
4.8
10.6
4.4
24.0
10.3
9.1
4.4
2.3
-7.8

2008
-1.5
5.6
4.4
2.3
-3.3
0.9
-6.9
1.2
-4.5
-2.5
1.5
-6.3
-5.9e
4.4
20.0
-3.6
3.6
14.3
-0.2
-2.4
7.6
-3.8
14.1
-0.6
-1.8
0.0
-4.3
-10.7

2009
1.0
-4.5
1.0
-1.6
-1.3
-7.9
18.6
-5.6
2.3
0.4
-0.7
-4.9
12.9
-1.8
-11.5
2.7
-3.3
17.1
0.6
-1.7
0.3
0.0
0.7
-2.6
-7.2
-10.8
-8.5
0.0

2010
-6.6
-7.6
-5.0
-9.8
-6.2
2.8
-13.5
-11.5
-9.6
-10.1
-12.7
-8.6
-14.7
-4.8
4.8
-7.9
-7.9
-10.8
-6.7
-10.4
-1.7
-8.9
-0.3
-9.9
-4.6
-12.0
-1.4
-7.3

2011
-2.5
12.1
-0.1
-4.2
-2.0
15.2
-9.3
-6.6
-1.0
-2.5
-6.0
-3.4
-4.9
7.0
13.0
-1.4
-4.0
-4.1
-3.4
-2.4
-1.4
0.4
6.2
-1.7
3.0
-6.4
-0.1
-2.5

2012
-6.1
-4.5
-3.9
-4.8
-4.3
-2.3
-2.7
-4.8
-5.8
-4.5
-7.5
-4.8
-8.9
4.1
6.0
0.5
-10.6
-1.2
-2.9
-6.0
-2.3
-4.5
-6.9
-7.2
1.0
-5.8
-5.9
-1.8

2013
1.4
6.5
-1.4
2.2
1.5
3.7
2.1
0.6
3.7
1.9
2.5
0.5
2.3
2.4
8.2
10.7
1.7
0.4
1.5
1.7
5.8
6.8
15.5
2.6
4.9
0.1
-1.6
-0.8

Flags: e: estimated. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat, and IMF

2014
1.4
0.6
4.8
0.1
2.1
1.0
12.9
3.4
0.7
0.6
4.7
0.8
0.9
0.8
-1.0
10.0
4.8
-1.6
0.5
0.2
5.1
1.4
6.2
3.7
-1.6
-3.6
-0.3
2.3

2015

-5.7
-1.7
 0.9
-2.3
 0.0
-7.9
35.8*
-14.2
-0.9
-1.0
 3.5
-2.3
-7.0
-3.9
-10.0
 1.8
 0.7
-2.5
-4.1
-3.3
 2.5
-1.0
-0.1
-0.8
-0.6
-6.6
-1.7
 3.9

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.8: Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (3 years % change) 

The Nominal unit labour cost (NULC) index is defined as the ratio of labours cost to labour productivity. Where the labour costs are the ratio of Compensation of employees (current prices) to the number of Employees, and the
labour productivity is the ratio of Gross domestic product (at market prices in millions, chain-linked volumes reference year 2010) to the total Employment. The data on employees and employment are presented according to the
domestic concept used in National accounts. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the percentage change over three years. The input data are obtained from the official national accounts' country data, through ESA 2010
transmission programme.

2006
2.5
10.2
2.6
4.3
-2.9
18.7
9.8
10.0
10.0p
4.8
6.1
7.0
9.9
41.7
24.1
8.6
8.4
5.8
-0.2
2.6
-1.5
4.3
32.0
6.3
8.0
3.7
-0.1
9.5
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

2007
5.2
16.7
2.6
9.9
-2.9
31.8
14.6
11.0
11.3p
5.7
18.7
6.5
9.8
69.7
25.0
7.2
10.2
4.9
2.3
3.8
3.2
5.1
39.3
5.4
5.7
3.8
4.9
9.9

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2008
9.0
25.5
6.8
13.7
-0.1
48.7
18.5
7.4
13.7p
6.5
22.2
8.5
6.1
78.5
28.8
12.3
11.8
9.5
6.6
6.4
10.5
4.5
39.1
10.6
6.0
7.5
9.8
10.3

2009
10.1
34.6
9.1
17.1
8.1
39.2
9.7
15.8
11.8p
8.2
27.8
11.1
12.4
37.3
13.0
18.3
13.0
11.2
12.1
10.3
12.3
6.6
37.0
18.5
10.9
15.2
15.9
11.3

2010
7.5
29.5
6.2
10.3
7.5
13.8
-6.5
14.0
5.7p
7.5
12.5
8.9
10.6
-2.3
0.3
16.5
6.1
9.2
7.6
8.9
11.3b
4.2
28.8
16.1
9.5
13.2
8.3
9.1

2011
5.3
17.7
3.2
4.4
5.7
-2.6
-13.5b
6.8p
-1.0p
5.5
7.6
5.3
9.4
-21.0
-7.8
10.3
3.2
10.5
4.8
5.9
4.2
-0.6
-0.5
8.3
6.1
9.4
5.6
7.0

2012
5.6
12.2p
3.5
0.6
2.7
-1.1
-8.3
-2.3p
-5.1p
4.4
-0.6
2.1
3.1
-6.9
-4.2
5.9
4.1
8.0
2.3
3.7
5.3
-6.3
-0.2b
0.6
0.8
6.0
4.0
3.2

2013
8.6
15.6p
4.2
2.9
5.9
8.2
4.0
-10.0p
-4.1p
4.6
-3.0
2.9
-2.3
7.8
6.2
7.1
5.9
9.0
5.2
6.3
3.1
-3.4
-3.2
0.4
2.2
9.1
8.6
2.9

2014
5.5
18.0p
4.0
4.1
7.3
10.8
-0.5
-10.9p
-3.5p
4.6p
-5.8
2.2
-7.8p
15.6
8.8
4.8
6.7
7.2
4.1p
7.7
2.9
-2.7
7.3
-0.1
1.9
7.9
6.9
2.6

2015
1.5
14.9p
0.5
4.9
5.7
14.4
-18.1
-11.1p
-0.7p
2.5p
-5.0
1.5
-10.5p
16.0
11.6
0.6
3.9
3.9
0.2p
6.1
-0.4p
0.0e
0.5p
-0.6
2.2
3.6
3.6
1.7

Note: 1) PL: 2010 break in time series. Since the indicator is 3 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) IE: 2011 break in time series. Since the indicator is 3 years % change the break affects all the following years. 3) RO: 2012 break in time
series. Since the indicator is 3 years % change the break affects all the following years.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

52 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.9: Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (1 year % change) 

The Nominal unit labour cost (NULC) index is defined as the ratio of labours cost to labour productivity. Where the labour costs are the ratio of Compensation of employees (current prices) to the number of Employees, and the
labour productivity is the ratio of Gross domestic product (at market prices in millions, chain-linked volumes reference year 2010) to the total Employment. The data on employees and employment are presented according to the
domestic concept used in National accounts. The indicator is the percentage change over one year. The input data are obtained from the official national accounts' country data, through ESA 2010 transmission programme.

2006
2.2
2.8
0.5
2.0
-1.8
9.2
3.2
-0.7
3.3p
1.9
2.3
2.2
1.6
15.8
12.1
3.0
1.8
4.1
0.3
1.5
-0.7
0.7
4.8
1.3
1.6
1.2
0.2
4.4
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

2007
1.8
8.3
2.7
5.3
-0.6
16.8
6.3
2.6
4.1p
1.6
13.6
2.0
1.5
27.3
4.8
0.5
5.3
2.0
2.4
1.2
3.2
1.0
8.9
2.6
0.2
0.3
4.2
3.6

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2008
4.7
12.8
3.5
5.9
2.3
16.7
8.0
5.3
5.7p
2.9
5.2
4.2
2.9
21.0
9.7
8.5
4.3
3.2
3.7
3.7
7.8
2.8
21.9
6.4
4.2
5.8
5.2
2.0

2009
3.3
10.2
2.6
5.1
6.3
2.2
-4.5
7.1
1.6p
3.5
6.9
4.6
7.7
-10.9
-1.7
8.6
3.0
5.6
5.5
5.2
0.9
2.7
3.2
8.5
6.3
8.5
5.7
5.3

2010
-0.7
4.3
0.0
-0.8
-1.2
-4.6
-9.3
1.0
-1.6p
1.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-9.4
-7.0
-1.1
-1.1
0.2
-1.7
-0.1
2.4b
-1.2
2.4
0.6
-1.1
-1.4
-2.6
1.6

2011
2.7
2.5
0.6
0.2
0.7
-0.2
-0.1b
-1.4p
-1.0p
1.0
0.6
0.7
1.8
-2.1
0.8
2.7
1.4
4.5
1.0
0.8
0.8
-2.0
-5.8
-0.8
1.0
2.3
2.6
0.1

2012
3.5
5.0p
3.0
1.2
3.2
3.8
1.3
-2.0p
-2.6p
2.3
-1.3
1.4
1.5
5.0
2.2
4.3
3.9
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.0
-3.2
3.5b
0.8
1.0
5.2
4.1
1.5

2013
2.2
7.4p
0.5
1.5
1.9
4.5
2.8
-6.9p
-0.6p
1.2
-2.3
0.7
-5.4
4.9
3.1
0.0
0.6
1.1
1.1
2.3
0.2
1.8
-0.6
0.4
0.3
1.4
1.7
1.3

2014
-0.2
4.6p
0.4
1.3
2.0
2.2
-4.5
-2.4p
-0.3p
0.9p
-2.4
0.1
-4.0p
4.9
3.2
0.5
2.1
2.7
-0.1p
2.1
0.6
-1.3
4.3
-1.3
0.7
1.2
1.0
-0.3

2015
-0.5
2.3p
-0.5
2.0
1.6
7.2
-16.5
-2.2p
0.2p
0.3p
-0.5
0.7
-1.5p
5.4
4.8
0.1
1.1
0.0
-0.8p
1.5
-1.2p
-0.5e
-3.1p
0.3
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.6

53 

 
 
 
Table 3.10: House price index (2010=100), deflated (1 year % change) 

The deflated house price index (HPI) or real house price index is the ratio between HPI and the national accounts deflator for private final consumption expenditure (households and non-profit institutions serving households
(NPISHs)). The indicator measures inflation in the house market relative to inflation in the final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs. Eurostat's HPI captures price changes of all residential properties purchased
by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing, independently of their final use and their previous owners. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The 
land component is included. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is one year percentage change of the deflated HPI. The indicator is based on Price statistics and National accounts data.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
6.4
12.3p
5.7e
21.4
-1.5
41.0
12.1
9.7e
9.5e
9.7
13.9
3.1
8.5
41.0e
22.6e
8.4
na
17.0
1.6
2.0e
na
-1.4
na
14.1
na
5.6p
11.1
5.0

2007
4.8
18.4p
15.9e
0.9
-3.7
12.1
4.3
2.2e
6.3
3.6b
8.8
2.7
8.1
22.0
19.3
4.6b
na
19.5
2.5
2.1e
na
-1.9
na
18.8
25.7
3.9p
10.9
7.7

2008
1.2
17.6p
7.8e
-7.9
-0.3
-16.5
-8.4
-2.5e
-4.8
-1.8
-2.5
-0.5
0.6
-10.8
-1.7
1.1
-3.1
7.2
0.0
-1.1e
na
1.0b
na
1.3
12.8
-2.5p
-2.0
-8.1

2009
-0.1
-21.0p
-4.7
-13.1
1.2
-37.1
-13.6
-4.6e
-5.8
-4.9
-8.0
-0.1
-6.6
-34.9
-32.8
-1.8
-9.0
-6.2
-3.5
3.5e
-5.3e
1.0
-27.1e
-10.3
-12.8
-0.4p
0.7
-9.7

2010
1.4
-12.3p
-2.3
0.3
-0.9
2.1
-11.6
-8.0e
-3.7
3.6
-7.8
-2.2b
-7.6p
-8.7
-8.6
4.0
-5.9
-1.1
-2.7
4.4be
-6.1e
-1.0
-13.8
-1.3
-5.0
4.8
6.4
3.5

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) e = Eurostat estimates for ES, LV, LT; e = NSI estimates for CZ, PL, RO; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2011
1.0
-8.7p
-1.3
-4.0
1.4
2.6
-16.9
-7.6e
-9.8
3.9
-2.2
-2.1p
-4.5p
4.0
2.4
0.7
-6.9
-3.5
-4.0
3.0
-4.6
-6.5
-15.8
0.9
-5.2
0.0
0.8
-4.8

2012
0.2
-5.3p
-3.5
-5.0
2.0
3.2
-15.2
-12.0e
-16.8
-1.9
-4.6
-5.4p
-5.4p
-0.4
-3.2
2.2
-9.3
0.6
-8.0
4.8
-6.6
-8.7
-9.1
-8.2
-5.9
-0.4
0.7
-1.5

2013
0.3
0.4p
-0.8
3.1
2.0
7.7
1.1
-9.1e
-10.1
-2.6
-5.7
-6.9p
-4.1p
6.6
0.2
3.4
-4.3
-1.5
-8.2
2.9
-4.7
-2.7
-2.8
-6.0
-0.4
-1.3
4.7
0.3

2014
-1.3
1.5p
1.8
3.0
2.2
13.1
15.1
-5.1e
0.2
-1.7
-1.1
-4.5p
-1.3p
4.2
6.3
4.1
3.2
2.4
0.0
1.4
1.1
3.9
-3.2
-6.6
1.5
-1.8
8.2
6.2

2015

1.3p
1.6bp
3.9p
 6.3
 4.1
 6.8
 8.3
-3.5e
 3.8
-1.3
-2.4
-2.6p
2.9bp
-2.7
 4.6
 6.1
11.6
2.8p
 3.6
 3.5
 2.8
 2.3
 1.7
 1.5
 5.5
-0.4
12.0
 5.7

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.11: Private sector credit flow, consolidated (% of GDP) 

The private sector credit flow represents the net amount of liabilities in which the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S11) and Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S14_S15) have incurred along the year.
The instruments taken into account are Debt securities (F3) and Loans (F4). Data are presented in consolidated terms, i.e. data do not take into account transactions within the same sector and are expressed in % of GDP. The
indicator is based on National accounts data. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010 transmission programme. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
5.0
28.0
8.7
23.8
1.0
34.5
40.9
16.4
35.0
9.2
18.0
10.4
12.4
33.6
18.8
27.4
13.9
6.5
13.5
5.3
9.2
12.6
15.1
13.6
8.5
8.9
10.3
14.7

2007
16.8
41.2
9.2
17.1
2.2
12.3
24.8
16.2
26.4
11.2
16.7
12.0
29.0
29.5
22.8
223.6
16.0
3.2
12.9
7.3
12.5
18.2
20.3
21.5
9.6
13.2
20.1
17.0

2008
17.0
33.3
9.1
18.8
0.5
10.5
22.0
15.5
11.7
9.8
16.0
6.6
29.8
9.1
10.3
-35.2
12.6
14.1
9.7
5.4
14.2
15.9
13.1
15.5
10.9
16.7
18.7
10.4

2009
6.2
4.7
0.7
-1.9
-0.9
-6.0
-4.6
2.2
-1.2
3.3
2.6
0.8
7.9
-8.6
-9.4
-32.1
6.0
10.6
8.5
1.3
4.4
5.3
-1.7
2.9
3.0
0.8
5.9
-7.7

2010
3.2
3.7
2.7
-2.9
0.0
-7.6
2.2
5.5
0.9
4.6
4.9
5.0
13.2
2.5
-5.9
-16.7
-4.2
6.8
2.8
0.3
4.3
5.3
0.9
1.9
2.9
7.3
5.3
-2.7

2011
21.3
1.4
2.1
4.5
1.6
-1.1
16.2
-6.5
-3.7
6.4
-2.3
3.1
13.0
-2.0
-2.2
48.6
-4.4
7.2
3.6
3.0
6.7
-0.9
2.8
0.4
3.0
3.6
6.9
-1.2

2012
14.4
3.0
2.9
8.0
1.2
6.8
-0.6
-5.9
-11.2
4.4
-3.0
-0.8
15.5
-2.1
0.3
31.0
-6.1
0.4
2.1
1.3
4.8
-3.7
0.3
-2.9
3.1
7.4
2.3
0.5

2013
9.4
7.2
4.4
-4.2
1.7
4.0
-1.4
-6.4
-10.3
2.1
-0.6
-3.0
-11.7
0.9
-1.2
-5.5
-0.9
2.7
2.1
0.7
3.3
-1.9
-1.4
-4.0
5.1
2.8
4.8
3.9

2014
0.9
-1.1
1.7
-0.2
0.2
4.5
2.5
-2.8
-7.2
3.0
0.4
-0.5
0.2
-11.8
0.2
20.1
-0.5
7.4
-1.7
0.9
4.6
-5.9
-2.4
-4.7
5.7
0.8
5.9
2.3

Flags: p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
4.5
-0.3
0.9
-3.3
3.0
3.3
-6.7
-3.1
-2.7
4.4
-1.3
-1.7
4.4
0.7
2.2
24.2
-3.1
5.4
-1.6p
2.1
3.2
-2.3
0.2
-5.1
8.2
9.5
6.5
2.5

55 

 
 
 
Table 3.12: Private sector debt, consolidated (% of GDP) 

The private sector debt is the stock of liabilities held by the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S11) and Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S14_S15). The instruments taken into account are Debt
securities (F3) and Loans (F4). Data are presented in consolidated terms, i.e. do not take into account transactions within the same sector and are expressed in % of GDP. The indicator is based on National accounts data.
Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010 transmission programme.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
122.7
91.2
53.0
199.9
114.1
114.0
190.5
92.5
177.3
112.6
91.1
102.2
259.2
97.2
62.4
202.4
83.7
142.0
215.3
122.9
47.6
176.5
44.5
82.5
51.8
119.2
154.0
167.7

2007
134.4
123.4
57.5
208.4
110.9
123.0
198.0
101.5
191.2
115.6
100.7
109.7
265.5
102.6
74.7
402.3
94.1
145.3
214.9
124.6
54.4
185.0
57.8
96.3
60.4
123.6
167.9
172.1

2008
162.2
131.4
63.7
222.8
109.8
136.7
236.5
113.0
195.7
122.2
110.3
113.9
285.0
104.5
76.7
357.4
105.5
152.9
216.3
127.5
67.3
196.2
65.5
105.6
64.9
132.7
189.0
181.5

2009
164.7
133.8
66.0
233.3
113.1
153.2
256.7
116.5
201.4
130.5
118.6
122.5
306.0
125.4
83.3
350.1
117.0
167.6
231.4
132.8
67.1
204.2
71.9
113.5
69.2
142.8
201.5
185.5

2010
161.6
132.5
68.1
222.1
106.6
140.4
257.9
128.1
200.3
131.8
125.2
123.3
315.6
134.0
74.5
302.2
115.5
162.0
229.5
132.9
69.7
201.5
73.9
115.1
67.4
148.9
189.0
175.5

2011
174.1
124.2
68.3
222.6
102.7
120.4
270.9
130.2
196.2
135.3
122.6
122.7
321.6
115.5
64.7
328.3
114.9
158.5
228.1
130.1
73.9
204.1
72.9
113.0
70.2
145.4
190.7
173.1

2012
186.7
125.0
70.7
225.5
102.1
117.8
278.8
131.5
187.8
138.5
119.7
125.1
327.4
98.1
61.1
351.2
102.0
153.6
229.1
129.2
73.5
211.7
71.9
112.5
70.6
148.6
192.3
174.0

2013
163.8
131.9
73.7
218.5
102.8
115.9
267.3
129.1
176.7
137.7
118.4
121.9
340.9
92.7
56.3
321.3
95.4
146.6
226.9
128.0
75.4
204.4
66.6
108.2
74.0
147.7
192.1
167.8

2014
163.5
123.6
71.5
218.8
99.5
116.7
281.3
128.5
165.4
142.4
119.5
120.1
354.3
96.3
54.0
327.9
91.0
146.7
229.6
126.2
78.1
192.4
62.1
98.1
77.6
147.4
192.9
160.0

Flags: p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
166.3
110.5
68.6
212.8
98.9
116.6
303.4
126.4
154.0
144.3
115.0
117.0
353.7
88.8
55.0
343.1
83.9
139.1
228.8p
126.4
79.0
181.5
59.1
87.3
81.4
155.7
188.6
157.8

56 

 
 
 
Table 3.13: General government gross debt (% of GDP) 

Debt means total gross debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year and consolidated between and within the general government (as defined in the current Protocol 12, annexed to the 2012 consolidated version of
the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). This definition is supplemented by Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2009, as amended by the Commission Regulation (EU) No 220/2014. The stock of government debt in
the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP debt) is equal to the sum of liabilities, at the end of year, of all units classified within the general government (S13) in the categories: currency and deposits (F2), debt securities (F3) and
loans (F4). The MIP indicator is expressed in % of GDP. Data source from Government finance statistics.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
91.0
21.0
27.9
31.5
66.5
4.4
23.6
103.6
38.9
64.4
38.9
102.6
58.7
9.9
17.2
7.9
64.6
64.6
44.8
67.3
46.9
69.2
12.3
26.0
31.0
38.2
43.7
41.0

2007
87.0
16.3
27.8
27.3
63.7
3.7
23.9
103.1
35.5
64.3
37.7
99.8
53.5
8.4
15.9
7.8
65.6
62.4
42.7
65.1
44.2
68.4
12.7
22.8
30.1
34.0
39.0
42.0

2008
92.5
13.0
28.7
33.4
65.1
4.5
42.4
109.4
39.4
68.0
39.6
102.4
44.7
18.7
14.6
15.1
71.6
62.7
54.8
68.8
46.3
71.7
13.2
21.8
28.5
32.7
37.5
50.2

2009
99.5
13.7
34.1
40.4
72.6
7.0
61.7
126.7
52.7
78.9
49.0
112.5
53.4
36.6
28.0
16.0
77.8
67.8
56.9
80.1
49.4
83.6
23.2
34.6
36.3
41.7
41.0
64.5

2010
99.7
15.3
38.2
42.9
81.0
6.6
86.3
146.2
60.1
81.6
58.3
115.4
55.8
47.4
36.2
19.9
80.5
67.6
59.3
82.8
53.1
96.2
29.9
38.4
41.2
47.1
38.3
76.0

2011
102.3
15.2
39.8
46.4
78.7
6.1
109.6
172.1
69.5
85.2
65.2
116.5
65.2
42.8
37.2
18.8
80.7
70.0
61.6
82.6
54.1
111.4
34.2
46.6
43.7
48.5
37.5
81.6

2012
104.1
16.7
44.5
45.2
79.9
9.7
119.5
159.6
85.7
89.5
70.7
123.3
79.3
41.3
39.8
21.8
78.2
67.6
66.4
82.0
53.7
126.2
37.3
53.9
52.2
53.9
37.8
85.1

2013
105.4
17.0
44.9
44.7
77.5
10.2
119.5
177.4
95.4
92.3
82.2
129.0
102.2
39.0
38.7
23.5
76.6
68.4
67.7
81.3
55.7
129.0
37.8
71.0
54.7
56.5
40.4
86.2

2014
106.5
27.0
42.2
44.8
74.9
10.7
105.2
179.7
100.4
95.3
86.6
131.9
107.1
40.7
40.5
22.7
75.7
67.0
67.9
84.4
50.2
130.6
39.4
80.9
53.6
60.2
45.2
88.1

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
105.8
26.0
40.3
40.4
71.2
10.1
78.6
177.4
99.8
96.2
86.7
132.3
107.5
36.3
42.7
22.1
74.7
64.0
65.1
85.5
51.1
129.0
37.9
83.1
52.5
63.6
43.9
89.1

57 

 
 
 
Table 3.14: Unemployment rate (3 year average) 

The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who fulfil all the
three following conditions: are without work during the reference week, are available to start work within the next two week,s and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or have already found a job to start within
the next three months. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the three-year backward moving average. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private
households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
8.4
10.4
7.8
4.7i
10.6
8.0
4.5
9.9
9.6
8.9
12.8i
7.5
4.8
9.6
8.3
4.7i
6.9
7.0
5.5
5.5
17.0
8.5
7.4
6.3
16.1
8.3
7.4
5.0

2007
8.1
8.7
6.8
4.2
9.9
6.2
4.5
9.1
8.6
8.6
11.5
6.9
4.6
7.7
6.1
4.5
7.4
6.7
5.0
5.3
13.8
8.9
6.9
5.8
13.7
7.7
7.0
5.2

2008
7.6
7.2
5.6
3.7
8.7
5.3i
5.2
8.4
9.3
8.1
10.0
6.5
4.1
6.9
5.3
4.6
7.6i
6.4
4.3
4.8
10.2
8.9
6.4
5.1
11.4
7.0
6.5
5.4

2009
7.5
6.4
5.5
4.4
7.8
7.9
7.7
8.6
12.5
8.2
9.2
6.8
4.3
10.4
8.0
4.7
8.4
6.5
4.1
4.8
8.3i
9.5
6.2
5.1
11.0
7.2
6.9
6.2

2010
7.7
7.6i
6.1
5.6
7.3
11.9
10.8
10.0
16.4
8.6
9.8
7.6
5.1
14.9
12.5
4.9
9.7
6.6
4.4
4.7
8.3
10.5
6.4
5.9
12.1
7.7
7.7
7.0

2011
7.8
9.5
6.9
7.0
6.8
14.2
13.5
13.4
19.7
9.2
11.5
8.2
6.5
17.7
15.7
4.8
10.7
6.7
4.8
4.9
9.2
11.9
6.9
7.1
13.4i
8.1
8.2
7.8

2012
7.7
11.3
7.0
7.5
6.1
13.0
14.4
18.4
22.0
9.4
13.8
9.2
8.7
16.9
15.5
4.8
11.1
6.5
5.3
4.8
9.8
13.6
7.0
8.1
14.1
8.0
8.1
7.9

2013
7.7
12.2
6.9
7.4
5.5
10.3
14.2
23.3
24.1
9.8
15.7
10.4
11.9
14.4
13.5
5.3
10.7
6.4
6.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
7.0
9.1
14.0
7.9
7.9
7.9

2014
8.2
12.2
6.7
7.0
5.2
8.7
13.0
26.2
25.1
10.1
16.9
11.8
14.6
12.6
12.0
5.7
9.6
6.2
6.8
5.3
9.8
15.4
6.9
9.6
13.8
8.2
8.0
7.2

Flags: i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) DK, LU, HR: 2006; EE, HU: 2008; PL: 2009; BG: 2010; SK: 2011 - i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
8.5
11.2
6.1
6.6
4.9
7.4
11.3
26.3
24.2
10.3
17.0
12.2
15.7
10.9
10.5
6.1
8.2
5.9
7.2
5.6
8.9
14.4
6.9
9.6
13.0
8.8
7.8
6.3

58 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.15: Unemployment rate (%) 

The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who fulfil all the
three following conditions: are without work during the reference week, are available to start work within the next two weeks, and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or have already found a job to start within
the next three months. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
8.3
9.0
7.1
3.9i
10.1
5.9
4.5
9.0
8.5
8.8
11.6i
6.8
4.6
7.0
5.8
4.6i
7.5
6.8
5.0
5.3
13.9
8.9
7.2
6.0
13.5
7.7
7.1
5.4

2007
7.5
6.9
5.3
3.8
8.5
4.6
4.7
8.4
8.2
8.0
9.9
6.1
3.9
6.1
4.3
4.2
7.4
6.5
4.2
4.9
9.6
9.1
6.4
4.9
11.2
6.9
6.1
5.3

2008
7.0
5.6
4.4
3.4
7.4
5.5i
6.4
7.8
11.3
7.4
8.6
6.7
3.7
7.7
5.8
4.9
7.8i
6.0
3.7
4.1
7.1
8.8
5.6
4.4
9.6
6.4
6.2
5.6

2009
7.9
6.8
6.7
6.0
7.6
13.5
12.0
9.6
17.9
9.1
9.2
7.7
5.4
17.5
13.8
5.1
10.0
6.9
4.4
5.3
8.1i
10.7
6.5
5.9
12.1
8.2
8.3
7.6

2010
8.3
10.3i
7.3
7.5
7.0
16.7
13.9
12.7
19.9
9.3
11.7
8.4
6.3
19.5
17.8
4.6
11.2
6.9
5.0
4.8
9.7
12.0
7.0
7.3
14.5
8.4
8.6
7.8

2011
7.2
11.3
6.7
7.6
5.8
12.3
14.7
17.9
21.4
9.2
13.7
8.4
7.9
16.2
15.4
4.8
11.0
6.4
5.0
4.6
9.7
12.9
7.2
8.2
13.7i
7.8
7.8
8.1

2012
7.6
12.3
7.0
7.5
5.4
10.0
14.7
24.5
24.8
9.8
16.0
10.7
11.9
15.0
13.4
5.1
11.0
6.3
5.8
4.9
10.1
15.8
6.8
8.9
14.0
7.7
8.0
7.9

2013
8.4
13.0
7.0
7.0
5.2
8.6
13.1
27.5
26.1
10.3
17.3
12.1
15.9
11.9
11.8
5.9
10.2
6.4
7.3
5.4
10.3
16.4
7.1
10.1
14.2
8.2
8.0
7.6

2014
8.5
11.4
6.1
6.6
5.0
7.4
11.3
26.5
24.5
10.3
17.3
12.7
16.1
10.8
10.7
6.0
7.7
5.8
7.4
5.6
9.0
14.1
6.8
9.7
13.2
8.7
7.9
6.1

Flags: i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) DK, LU, HR: 2006; EE, HU: 2008; PL: 2009; BG: 2010; SK: 2011 - i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
8.5
9.2
5.1
6.2
4.6
6.2
9.4
24.9
22.1
10.4
16.3
11.9
15.0
9.9
9.1
6.4
6.8
5.4
6.9
5.7
7.5
12.6
6.8
9.0
11.5
9.4
7.4
5.3

59 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.16: Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated (1 year % change) 

The total financial corporations sector liabilities measures the evolution of the sum of all liabilities (which includes Currency and deposits (F2), Debt securities (F3), Loans (F4), Equity and investment fund shares (F5), Insurance,
pensions and standardised guarantees (F6), Financial derivatives and employee stock options (F7), and Other accounts payable (F8)) of the financial corporations sector (S12). Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e.
data take into account transactions within the same sector and are expressed as one year percentage change. The indicator is based on National accounts data. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the
ESA 2010 transmission programme.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
11.1
51.9
3.6
11.9
4.8
15.1
21.6
14.3
20.0
15.1
27.1
10.4
29.5
47.6
32.6
17.5
17.8
36.7
12.3
9.7
24.4
13.8
35.3
13.8
-8.2
12.2
9.6
10.2

2007
14.9
29.3
15.5
10.2
8.2
27.9
9.6
22.2
16.8
12.6
24.2
0.4
27.2
36.7
34.6
13.3
23.7
43.8
14.9
11.0
18.3
10.2
35.3
28.6
25.7
10.2
9.4
16.2

2008
-1.8
-0.8
6.2
0.0
4.6
4.3
6.5
4.4
3.8
1.9
-9.1
-0.6
115.7
9.0
4.2
-6.9
26.2
13.3
3.8
10.9
6.8
4.4
14.0
6.6
10.5
16.8
11.9
48.3

2009
-1.4
1.3
2.4
5.6
-6.4
-7.8
3.4
10.1
3.7
0.1
5.0
5.0
11.6
-9.2
-4.7
6.4
1.9
4.4
7.8
-2.0
8.9
8.9
16.0
7.7
-4.7
18.2
3.3
-16.9

2010
-0.5
-5.4
3.1
9.7
-1.1
-8.9
6.3
8.3
-2.0
3.3
3.3
4.2
8.4
-0.3
0.3
11.3
-0.2
12.4
5.9
-1.9
13.5
11.5
5.0
-3.4
1.6
9.2
2.9
8.3

2011
7.4
5.4
3.5
1.6
2.9
-0.6
-2.2
-3.7
2.8
6.7
2.4
4.9
-6.1
-4.1
2.5
10.1
6.2
10.9
9.1
1.5
4.9
-4.5
4.6
-1.2
0.3
28.4
3.4
10.9

2012
-6.3
10.2
5.2
2.5
3.3
10.4
-1.8
-2.6
2.7
1.2
1.7
7.3
6.3
5.2
-0.6
14.8
-5.9
6.2
5.4
0.4
10.6
-1.8
4.4
-0.7
3.5
-0.6
5.3
-2.9

2013
-1.3
4.3
11.4
1.8
-6.1
10.5
-2.7
-17.2
-11.6
0.4
2.8
-2.5
-15.0
5.2
-1.3
11.2
-1.9
1.7
-2.4
-3.2
7.4
-5.3
0.8
-10.3
0.0
-11.8
8.6
-6.9

2014
3.5
5.6
5.2
6.8
4.2
13.0
23.1
-6.7
-1.2
4.2
0.9
0.7
-3.5
10.4
16.3
29.9
8.5
6.3
8.7
-1.1
0.7
-7.3
1.2
-0.2
6.9
8.8
13.5
4.7

Flags: p: provisional. 

Note: 1) EL: The level of TFSL is higher than would otherwise have been recorded, due to the improved treatment of banks' holdings of short-term debt securities issued by banks
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

-1.0
 7.0
 7.7
-2.0
 2.8
 8.1
 9.5
15.7
-2.1
 1.8
 2.1
 1.7
 2.8
12.2
 6.7
15.5
 0.4
 1.3
3.2p
 0.6
 2.4
-1.6
 4.1
-3.4
 4.5
 1.5
 2.3
-7.8

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.17: Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated (Millions NC) 

The total financial corporations sector liabilities measures the evolution of the sum of all liabilities (which includes Currency and deposits (F2), Debt securities (F3), Loans (F4), Equity and investment fund shares (F5), Insurance,
pensions and standardised guarantees (F6), Financial derivatives and employee stock options (F7) and Other accounts payable (F8)) of the financial corporations sector (S12). Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e.
data take into account transactions within the same sector and are expressed in Millions of national currency. The indicator is based on National accounts data. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the
ESA 2010 transmission programme.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
2103557.9
96430.0
5067964.0
11110059.0
12017615.0
25156.5
2877439.0
430573.6
3903603.0
9650909.0
498678.0
4778745.0
103075.3
29303.5
26732.9
5270024.2
57673221.0
99205.9
5765286.0
1279597.7
1378447.0
711036.5
309342.6
53078.0
69848.0
406939.0
13056413.0
13684054.0

2007
2417205.4
124696.0
5851668.0
12241227.0
13004423.0
32164.4
3154142.0
526269.2
4558453.0
10865095.0
619111.2
4800010.0
131103.8
40065.0
35974.0
5972246.7
71336835.0
142638.4
6621890.0
1419916.1
1630230.0
783594.3
418491.8
68240.0
87819.9
448537.0
14280389.0
15902983.0

2008
2374784.5
123667.0
6216341.0
12236022.0
13602214.0
33535.3
3359788.0
549382.9
4733935.0
11076239.0
562768.6
4769432.0
282814.7
43669.8
37467.4
5560492.7
90043367.0
161593.9
6873861.0
1574778.2
1740546.0
818444.7
476992.4
72748.0
97052.4
523685.0
15984253.0
23589554.0

2009
2341547.9
125274.0
6367420.0
12924706.0
12727235.0
30912.7
3473127.0
604986.2
4908437.0
11083215.0
591061.8
5010002.0
315705.7
39659.1
35706.1
5914366.1
91772442.0
168663.4
7412046.0
1542713.4
1895904.0
891105.7
553326.4
78338.0
92500.3
619133.0
16509811.0
19610212.0

2010
2329071.3
118468.0
6563590.0
14179420.0
12591040.0
28154.9
3691722.0
655455.2
4812371.0
11444469.0
610458.0
5219525.0
342277.9
39536.4
35811.9
6584340.7
91580163.0
189546.8
7845660.0
1513405.3
2152572.0
993723.8
581084.6
75678.0
93992.1
676199.0
16992377.0
21233462.0

2011
2500526.0
124924.0
6794617.0
14409675.0
12954593.0
27980.0
3608777.0
630921.1
4945949.0
12206701.0
624985.0
5476572.0
321340.5
37903.6
36710.4
7251191.7
97301999.0
210248.6
8557225.0
1536167.9
2257231.0
948903.5
607584.9
74747.0
94316.6
868454.0
17570061.0
23537372.0

2012
2342119.5
137672.0
7147743.0
14775965.0
13378998.0
30896.6
3542373.0
614267.9
5080718.0
12354924.0
635593.0
5877033.0
341676.4
39875.6
36476.1
8321222.5
91562649.0
223335.2
9016985.0
1541681.7
2497120.0
932109.6
634292.4
74212.0
97591.6
863172.0
18505898.0
22852400.0

2013
2311304.4
143539.0
7963007.0
15043902.0
12563260.0
34152.8
3448117.0
508495.4
4493291.0
12403107.0
653438.0
5731160.0
290509.5
41956.1
35998.9
9250285.1
89858400.0
227032.5
8796992.0
1492919.4
2681712.0
882482.1
639239.2
66581.0
97582.4
761350.0
20098413.0
21279374.0

2014
2392364.3
151616.0
8374718.0
16065785.0
13094082.0
38584.0
4245183.0
474178.3
4439448.0
12929880.0
659079.7
5769369.0
280392.9
46314.6
41856.5
12011811.1
97513737.0
241326.2
9559505.0
1476201.4
2699981.0
818222.4
647221.5
66457.0
104363.8
828687.0
22819346.0
22271688.0

2015

2368500.1
162285.0
9017942.0
15744604.0
13463739.0
41709.1
4649589.0
548580.4
4344044.0
13156835.0
673072.3
5868100.0
288346.6
51959.0
44665.6
13870835.0
97920778.0
244345.9
9864247.0p
1484934.5
2763566.0
805179.9
673703.4
64199.0
109041.8
841521.0
23344991.0
20526074.0

Flags: p: provisional. 

Note: 1) EL: The level of TFSL is higher than would otherwise have been recorded, due to the improved treatment of banks' holdings of short-term debt securities issued by banks
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.18: Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64 (3 years change in p.p.) 

The activity rate is the percentage of economically active population aged 15-64 on the total population of the same age. According to the definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for the purposes of the labour
market statistics people are classified as employed, unemployed, and economically inactive. The economically active population (also called labour force) is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Inactive persons are
those who, during the reference week, were neither employed nor unemployed. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the three years change in percentage points. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS).
The survey covers the resident population in private households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
1.6
3.6
0.1
1.1
2.8
2.3
3.1
1.7
3.1
-0.1
0.4e
1.1
0.8
2.1
-2.3
2.1
1.4
-0.7
0.9
0.4
-0.5
0.8
1.4
3.8
-1.4
0.7
1.5
0.4

2007
1.2
4.5
-0.1
0.0
3.0
2.7
3.1b
0.3
2.9
-0.1
2.2
-0.4
1.3
3.3
-1.3
1.1b
1.1
0.6
1.9
3.1b
-0.8
1.2
0.0
1.5
-1.4
1.4
1.9
0.2b

2008
0.4
5.7
-0.7
0.9
2.1
3.5
1.3
0.3
2.7
0.2
2.5
0.4
1.2
5.1
-0.3
0.2
-0.1
1.5
2.4
2.5
-0.6
0.7
0.6
1.1
-0.1
1.3
1.1
0.4b

2009
0.4
2.7
-0.2
-0.4
1.4
1.2
-1.3b
0.7b
2.0
0.7
2.6
-0.3
0.0b
2.5
2.0
2.0b
-0.8
1.5
2.3
1.9
1.3
-0.2
-0.5
0.9
-0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.0

2010
0.6
0.4b
0.3
-0.7
1.1b
0.7
-3.2
1.3
1.7
0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-0.3
0.4
2.3
1.3
0.3
1.6
-0.3b
0.9
2.1b
-0.2
1.9b
0.2
0.4
-1.1
0.0
-0.1

2011
-0.4
-1.9b
0.8b
-1.4
1.4b
0.5
-2.9
0.6
1.2
0.2
-1.7
-0.8
-0.1
-1.4
3.0
1.1
1.2
2.7
-1.2b
0.7
1.9
-0.3b
1.2
-1.5
-0.1b
-1.1
0.6
-0.3

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2012
0.0
-0.1
1.5
-1.6
0.9
0.8
-1.4
0.1
1.2
0.4
-1.7
1.2
0.5
0.9
2.2
0.7
2.5
3.7
-0.7
0.8
1.8
0.0
1.7
-1.4
1.0
0.2
1.4
0.4

2013
-0.2
1.7
2.7
-1.3
0.9
1.2
0.4
-0.3
0.8
0.8
-1.4
1.4
0.0
1.0
2.2
1.7
2.8
4.6
1.2
1.1
1.7
-0.7
0.0
-1.0
1.2
0.7
2.0
1.0

2014
1.0
3.1
3.0
-1.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.3
1.3
2.0
1.8
0.8
1.8
2.3
2.9
4.6
4.5
0.9
0.8
2.2
-0.4
1.6
0.6
1.6
0.5
1.6
1.2

2015
 0.7
 2.2
 2.4
-0.1
 0.4
 1.9
 0.8
 0.3
 0.0
 0.8
 2.9
 0.5
 0.4
 1.3
 2.3
1.5b
 4.9
 4.5
 0.6
 0.4
 1.6
 0.0
 1.3
 1.4
 1.5
 0.6
 1.4
 0.8

62 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.19: Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64 

The activity rate is the percentage of economically active population aged 15-64 on the total population of the same age. According to the definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for the purposes of the labour
market statistics people are classified as employed, unemployed, and economically inactive. The economically active population (also called labour force) is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Inactive persons are
those who, during the reference week, were neither employed nor unemployed. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
66.5
64.5
70.3
80.6
74.9
72.8
71.9
66.7
71.1
69.6
63.0e
62.6
73.0
71.0
67.6
66.7
62.0
57.9
77.4
72.4
63.4
73.6
63.6
70.9
68.6
75.2
78.8
75.7

2007
67.1
66.3
69.9
80.1
75.6
73.2
72.6b
66.5
71.8
69.7
65.7
62.4
73.9
72.6
67.9
66.9b
61.6
58.8
78.5
73.5b
63.2
73.9
63.0
71.3
68.3
75.6
79.1
75.5b

2008
67.1
67.8
69.7
80.7
75.9
74.2
72.1
66.7
72.7
69.9
65.8
62.9
73.6
74.2
68.4
66.8
61.2
59.1
79.3
73.9
63.8
73.9
62.9
71.8
68.8
76.0
79.3
75.8b

2009
66.9
67.2
70.1
80.2
76.3
74.0
70.6b
67.4b
73.1
70.3
65.6
62.3
73.0b
73.5
69.6
68.7b
61.2
59.4
79.7
74.3
64.7
73.4
63.1
71.8
68.4
75.0
78.9
75.7

2010
67.7
66.7b
70.2
79.4
76.7b
73.9
69.4
67.8
73.5
70.3
65.1
62.0
73.6
73.0
70.2
68.2
61.9
60.4
78.2b
74.4
65.3b
73.7
64.9b
71.5
68.7
74.5
79.1
75.4

2011
66.7
65.9b
70.5b
79.3
77.3b
74.7
69.2
67.3
73.9
70.1
64.1
62.1
73.5
72.8
71.4
67.9
62.4
61.8
78.1b
74.6
65.7
73.6b
64.1
70.3
68.7b
74.9
79.9
75.5

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2012
66.9
67.1
71.6
78.6
77.2
74.8
69.2
67.5
74.3
70.7
63.9
63.5
73.5
74.4
71.8
69.4
63.7
63.1
79.0
75.1
66.5
73.4
64.8
70.4
69.4
75.2
80.3
76.1

2013
67.5
68.4
72.9
78.1
77.6
75.1
69.8
67.5
74.3
71.1
63.7
63.4
73.6
74.0
72.4
69.9
64.7
65.0
79.4
75.5
67.0
73.0
64.9
70.5
69.9
75.2
81.1
76.4

2014
67.7
69.0
73.5
78.1
77.7
75.2
69.8
67.4
74.2
71.4
66.1
63.9
74.3
74.6
73.7
70.8
67.0
66.3
79.0
75.4
67.9
73.2
65.7
70.9
70.3
75.4
81.5
76.7

2015

67.6
69.3
74.0
78.5
77.6
76.7
70.0
67.8
74.3
71.5
66.8
64.0
73.9
75.7
74.1
70.9b
68.6
67.6
79.6
75.5
68.1
73.4
66.1
71.8
70.9
75.8
81.7
76.9

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.20: Long-term unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-74 (3 years change in p.p.) 

The long-term unemployment rate is the number of persons unemployed for 12 months or longer as a percentage of the labour force (i.e. economically active population). The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed
persons as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed and unemployed) based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who fulfil all the
three following conditions: are without work during the reference week, are available to start work within the next two weeks, and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or have already found a job to start within
the next three months. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the three years change in percentage points. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private
households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
0.5
-3.9
0.1
-0.3
0.8
-1.9
-0.1
-0.5
-2.0
0.5
-1.6e
-1.7
-0.3
-2.6
-3.4
0.5
1.0
-0.4
0.7
0.4
-3.2
1.7
-0.2
-0.6
-1.3
-0.4
0.0e
0.1

2007
-0.3
-3.1
-1.4
-0.6
-0.6
-2.9
-0.2
-1.4
-1.8
-0.3
-1.3
-0.9
-0.6
-3.4
-4.2u
0.1
0.8
-0.7
-0.3
-0.2
-5.3
0.8
-1.6
-1.1
-3.6
-0.6
-0.4
0.3

2008
-1.1
-3.1
-2.0
-0.6
-2.0
-2.7
0.3
-1.5
-0.2
-0.8
-1.7
-0.7
-0.8
-2.6
-3.1u
0.4
0.4
-0.8
-1.0
-0.4
-7.9
-0.1
-1.6
-1.2
-5.2
-0.9
-0.3
0.4

Flags: e: estimated. u: low reliability. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2009
-0.7
-2.1
-1.9
-0.2
-2.2
0.8
2.1
-1.0
2.5
-0.5
-1.3
0.1
-0.3
2.1
0.7
-0.2
0.8
0.2
-0.9
-0.3
-5.3
0.3
-1.9
-1.1
-3.7
-0.5
0.1
0.7

2010
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.9
-1.6
5.3
5.4
1.5
5.6
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.6
7.2
6.0
0.1
2.0
0.4
0.0
-0.1
-2.1
1.9
-0.8
1.0
0.9
0.5
0.8
1.2

2011
0.2
3.4
0.5
1.3
-1.1
5.4
6.9
5.1
6.9
1.0
3.1
1.3
1.1
6.9
6.7
-0.2
1.6
0.4
0.7
0.2
1.1
2.6
0.5
1.7
2.6
0.5
0.7
1.3

2012
-0.1
3.9
1.0
1.5
-1.1
1.8
5.5
10.6
6.7
0.7
5.1
2.2
3.0
3.3
3.3
0.4
0.8
0.2
1.1
0.0
1.5
3.5
0.8
2.5
2.8
0.2
0.4
0.8

2013
-0.1
2.7
0.0
0.3
-1.0
-3.8
1.0
12.8
5.7
0.5
4.4
2.9
4.8
-3.1
-2.3
0.5
-0.6
-0.2
1.3
0.1
1.4
3.6
0.8
2.0
0.7
-0.3
-0.2
0.2

2014
0.8
0.6
0.0
-0.1
-0.6
-3.8
-2.0
10.7
4.0
0.6
1.7
3.4
6.1
-4.2
-3.2
0.2
-1.5
-0.3
1.3
0.3
0.2
2.2
-0.1
1.7
0.0
0.2
-0.1
-0.5

2015
1.0
-1.2
-0.6
-0.4
-0.4
-3.1
-3.7
3.7
0.4
0.6
0.1
1.3
3.2
-3.3
-2.7
0.3
-1.9
-0.7
1.1
0.5
-1.1
-0.5
0.0
0.4
-1.8
0.7
0.0
-1.1

64 

 
 
 
Table 3.21: Long-term unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-74 

The long-term unemployment rate is the number of persons unemployed for 12 months or longer as a percentage of the labour force (i.e. economically active population). The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed
persons as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed and unemployed) based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who fulfil all the
three following conditions: are without work during the reference week, are available to start work within the next two weeks, and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or have already found a job to start within
the next three months. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
4.2
5.0
3.9
0.8
5.7
2.9
1.4
4.9
1.8
3.5
6.4e
3.3
0.9
2.4
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.7
1.7
1.5
7.9
3.9
4.1
2.9
10.3
1.9
1.0e
1.2

2007
3.8
4.0
2.8
0.6
4.9
2.3
1.4
4.2
1.7
3.0
6.0
2.9
0.7
1.6
1.4u
1.2
3.5
2.7
1.2
1.3
5.1
3.8
3.2
2.2
8.4
1.5
0.8
1.3

2008
3.3
2.9
2.2
0.5
3.9
1.7
1.7
3.7
2.0
2.6
5.3
3.0
0.5
1.9
1.3u
1.6
3.6
2.6
0.9
1.0
2.5
3.6
2.4
1.9
6.7
1.2
0.8
1.4

Flags: e: estimated. u: low reliability. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2009
3.5
2.9
2.0
0.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.9
4.3
3.0
5.1
3.4
0.6
4.5
3.3
1.2
4.2
2.9
0.8
1.2
2.6
4.2
2.2
1.8
6.6
1.4
1.1
1.9

2010
4.0
4.7
3.0
1.5
3.3
7.6
6.8
5.7
7.3
3.5
6.6
4.0
1.3
8.8
7.4
1.3
5.5
3.1
1.2
1.2
3.0
5.7
2.4
3.2
9.3
2.0
1.6
2.5

2011
3.5
6.3
2.7
1.8
2.8
7.1
8.6
8.8
8.9
3.6
8.4
4.3
1.6
8.8
8.0
1.4
5.2
3.0
1.6
1.2
3.6
6.2
2.9
3.6
9.3
1.7
1.5
2.7

2012
3.4
6.8
3.0
2.1
2.4
5.5
9.0
14.5
11.0
3.7
10.2
5.6
3.6
7.8
6.6
1.6
5.0
3.1
1.9
1.2
4.1
7.7
3.0
4.3
9.4
1.6
1.5
2.7

2013
3.9
7.4
3.0
1.8
2.3
3.8
7.8
18.5
13.0
4.0
11.0
6.9
6.1
5.7
5.1
1.8
4.9
2.9
2.5
1.3
4.4
9.3
3.2
5.2
10.0
1.7
1.4
2.7

2014
4.3
6.9
2.7
1.7
2.2
3.3
6.6
19.5
12.9
4.2
10.1
7.7
7.7
4.6
4.8
1.6
3.7
2.7
2.9
1.5
3.8
8.4
2.8
5.3
9.3
1.9
1.4
2.2

2015
4.4
5.6
2.4
1.7
2.0
2.4
5.3
18.2
11.4
4.3
10.3
6.9
6.8
4.5
3.9
1.9
3.1
2.4
3.0
1.7
3.0
7.2
3.0
4.7
7.6
2.3
1.5
1.6

65 

 
 
 
Table 3.22: Youth unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-24 (3 years change in p.p.) 

The youth unemployment rate is the unemployment rate of people aged 15-24 as a percentage of the labour force of the same age. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the
economically active population (the total number of people employed and unemployed = labour force) based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who fulfil all the
three following conditions: are without work during the reference week, are available to start work within the next two weeks, and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or have already found a job to start within
the next three months. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the three years change in percentage points. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private
households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-1.3
-8.3
-0.1
-1.5i
2.1
-8.8
0.0
-1.8
-4.8
3.2
-5.9i
-1.8
1.2
-6.0
-14.8
4.3i
5.9
-1.9
0.1
2.2
-12.1
2.6
1.7
-3.4
-6.8
-3.1
4.1
1.7

2007
-2.4
-10.2
-9.7
-0.7
-1.9
-13.8
0.4
-3.8
-3.9
-0.9
-7.6
-3.1
0.0
-9.4
-13.4
-0.8
2.6
-3.1
-2.0
-1.1
-18.0
1.7
-1.2
-6.0
-12.8
-4.2
-1.2
2.3

2008
-3.5
-9.1
-9.4
-0.6
-5.0
-3.1i
4.6
-3.9
4.9
-2.0
-8.2
-2.9
-4.9
-1.5
-2.5
2.7
0.1i
-4.4
-3.2
-2.5
-19.7
0.8
-1.5
-5.5
-11.1
-3.6
-2.4
2.2

2009
1.4
-3.2
-0.9
4.1
-2.5
15.3
15.3
0.7
19.8
1.6
-3.6
3.5
3.8
19.7
19.6
1.0
7.3
-1.0
0.2
0.9
-9.2i
4.1
-0.2
-0.3
0.6
2.8
3.5
5.2

2010
3.6
7.8i
7.6
6.4
-2.0
22.8
18.5
10.3
23.4
3.8
7.2
7.5
6.4
25.6
27.3
0.2
8.3
-0.3
1.7
0.1
2.1
6.8
2.8
4.6
13.3
4.9
5.6
5.6

2011
0.7
13.1
8.2
6.2
-1.9
10.4
15.8
22.8
21.7
3.7
13.0
8.0
13.4
17.4
19.3
-0.9
6.5
1.6
1.4
0.4
8.6
8.6
6.3
5.3
14.4i
3.6
2.6
6.3

Flags: i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) DK, LU, HR: 2006; EE, HU: 2008; PL: 2009; BG: 2010; SK: 2011 - i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2012
-2.1
13.0
2.9
2.3
-3.1
-6.5
6.4
29.6
15.2
0.8
16.9
10.0
13.9
-4.8
-2.9
1.5
1.8
-0.4
1.5
-1.3
5.9
12.7
2.6
7.0
6.4
-2.5
-1.3
2.1

2013
1.3
6.5
0.6
-0.9
-2.0
-14.2
-0.8
25.3
14.0
1.6
17.6
12.1
22.3
-13.0
-13.8
1.1
0.2
-0.2
2.1
0.2
3.6
9.9
1.6
6.9
-0.2
-1.5
-1.2
0.8

2014
4.5
-1.2
-2.2
-1.6
-0.8
-7.4
-5.2
7.7
7.0
1.6
8.8
13.5
13.6
-11.4
-13.3
5.9
-5.6
-1.6
2.7
1.4
-1.9
4.5
0.1
4.5
-4.0
0.4
0.1
-4.3

2015
2.3
-6.5
-6.9
-3.3
-0.8
-7.8
-9.5
-5.5
-4.6
0.3
0.9
5.0
5.1
-12.2
-10.4
-1.4
-10.9
-2.3
-0.4
1.2
-5.7
-6.0
-0.9
-4.3
-7.5
3.4
-3.3
-6.6

66 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.23: Youth unemployment rate - % of active population aged 15-24 

The youth unemployment rate is the unemployment rate of people aged 15-24 as a percentage of the labour force of the same age. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the
economically active population (the total number of people employed and unemployed = labour force) based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who fulfil all the
three following conditions: are without work during the reference week, are available to start work within the next two weeks, and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or have already found a job to start within
the next three months. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private households.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
20.5
18.3
17.5
7.7i
13.6
12.1
8.7
25.0
17.9
22.0
28.8i
21.8
10.0
13.6
10.0
15.5i
19.1
15.5
10.0
9.8
29.8
21.2
20.2
13.9
27.0
18.7
21.5
13.9

2007
18.8
14.1
10.7
7.5
11.8
10.1
9.1
22.7
18.1
19.5
25.2
20.4
10.2
10.6
8.4
15.6
18.1
13.5
9.4
9.4
21.6
21.4
19.3
10.1
20.6
16.5
19.2
14.3

2008
18.0
11.9
9.9
8.0
10.4
12.0i
13.3
21.9
24.5
19.0
23.7
21.2
9.0
13.6
13.3
17.3
19.5i
11.7
8.6
8.5
17.2
21.6
17.6
10.4
19.3
16.5
20.2
15.0

2009
21.9
15.1
16.6
11.8
11.1
27.4
24.0
25.7
37.7
23.6
25.2
25.3
13.8
33.3
29.6
16.5
26.4
14.5
10.2
10.7
20.6i
25.3
20.0
13.6
27.6
21.5
25.0
19.1

2010
22.4
21.9i
18.3
13.9
9.8
32.9
27.6
33.0
41.5
23.3
32.4
27.9
16.6
36.2
35.7
15.8
26.4
13.2
11.1
9.5
23.7
28.2
22.1
14.7
33.9
21.4
24.8
19.9

2011
18.7
25.0
18.1
14.2
8.5
22.4
29.1
44.7
46.2
22.7
36.7
29.2
22.4
31.0
32.6
16.4
26.0
13.3
10.0
8.9
25.8
30.2
23.9
15.7
33.7i
20.1
22.8
21.3

2012
19.8
28.1
19.5
14.1
8.0
20.9
30.4
55.3
52.9
24.4
42.1
35.3
27.7
28.5
26.7
18.0
28.2
14.1
11.7
9.4
26.5
38.0
22.6
20.6
34.0
19.0
23.7
21.2

Flags: i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) DK, LU, HR: 2006; EE, HU: 2008; PL: 2009; BG: 2010; SK: 2011 - i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2013
23.7
28.4
18.9
13.0
7.8
18.7
26.8
58.3
55.5
24.9
50.0
40.0
38.9
23.2
21.9
16.9
26.6
13.0
13.2
9.7
27.3
38.1
23.7
21.6
33.7
19.9
23.6
20.7

2014
23.2
23.8
15.9
12.6
7.7
15.0
23.9
52.4
53.2
24.3
45.5
42.7
36.0
19.6
19.3
22.3
20.4
11.7
12.7
10.3
23.9
34.7
24.0
20.2
29.7
20.5
22.9
17.0

2015
22.1
21.6
12.6
10.8
7.2
13.1
20.9
49.8
48.3
24.7
43.0
40.3
32.8
16.3
16.3
16.6
17.3
11.8
11.3
10.6
20.8
32.0
21.7
16.3
26.5
22.4
20.4
14.6

67 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.24: Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It is defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in
their creation. The ESA 2010 (European System of Accounts) regulation may be referred to for more specific explanations on methodology. Data are expressed as percentage change comparing year Y with year Y-1.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
2.5
6.9
6.9
3.8
3.7
10.3
5.9
5.7
4.2p
2.4
4.8
2.0
4.5
11.9
7.4
5.1
3.9
1.8
3.5
3.4
6.2
1.6
8.1
5.7
8.5
4.1
4.7
2.5

2007
3.4
7.3
5.5
0.8
3.3
7.7
3.8
3.3
3.8p
2.4
5.2
1.5
4.8
9.9
11.1
8.4
0.4
4.0
3.7
3.6
7.0
2.5
6.9
6.9
10.8
5.2
3.4
2.6

2008
0.7
6.0
2.7
-0.7
1.1
-5.4
-4.4
-0.3
1.1p
0.2
2.1
-1.1
3.9
-3.6
2.6
-0.8
0.9
3.3
1.7
1.5
4.2
0.2
8.5
3.3
5.6
0.7
-0.6
-0.6

2009
-2.3
-3.6
-4.8
-5.1
-5.6
-14.7
-4.6
-4.3
-3.6p
-2.9
-7.4
-5.5
-1.8
-14.3
-14.8
-5.4
-6.6
-2.5
-3.8
-3.8
2.8
-3.0
-7.1
-7.8
-5.4
-8.3
-5.2
-4.3

2010
2.7
1.3
2.3
1.6
4.1
2.3
2.0
-5.5
0.0p
2.0
-1.7
1.7
1.3
-3.8
1.6
5.8
0.7
3.5
1.4
1.9
3.6
1.9
-0.8
1.2
5.0
3.0
6.0
1.9

2011
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.2
3.7
7.6
0.0
-9.1p
-1.0p
2.1
-0.3
0.6
0.3
6.2
6.0
2.0
1.7
1.8
1.7
2.8
5.0
-1.8
1.1
0.6
2.8
2.6
2.7
1.5

2012
0.1
0.0
-0.8
-0.1
0.5
4.3
-1.1
-7.3p
-2.9p
0.2
-2.2
-2.8
-3.2
4.0
3.8
0.0
-1.6
2.9
-1.1
0.7
1.6
-4.0
0.6
-2.7
1.7
-1.4
-0.3
1.3

2013
-0.1
0.9
-0.5
-0.2
0.5
1.4
1.1
-3.2p
-1.7p
0.6
-1.1
-1.7
-6.0
2.9
3.5
4.2
2.1
4.5
-0.2
0.1
1.4
-1.1
3.5
-1.1
1.5
-0.8
1.2
1.9

2014
1.7
1.3
2.7
1.3
1.6
2.8
8.5
0.4p
1.4p
0.6p
-0.5
0.1
-1.5
2.1
3.5
4.7
4.0
3.5
1.4
0.6
3.3
0.9
3.1
3.1
2.6
-0.7
2.6
3.1

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
1.5
3.6
4.5
1.0
1.7
1.4
26.3
-0.2p
3.2p
1.3p
1.6
0.7
1.7p
2.7
1.8
3.5
3.1
6.2
2.0p
1.0
3.9
1.6e
3.7p
2.3
3.8
0.2
4.1
2.2

68 

 
 
 
Table 3.25: Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) consists of resident producers' acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during a given period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity
of producer or institutional units. GFCF includes acquisition less disposals of e.g. buildings, structures, machinery and equipment, mineral exploration, computer software, literary or artistic originals and major improvements to
land such as the clearance of forests. The input data are obtained through official national accounts' country data in the ESA2010 transmission programme.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
22.3
27.6
28.0
23.5
19.8
36.7
31.0
23.7
31.1p
22.4
26.6
21.5
25.1
34.2
25.9
18.9
23.6
22.0
21.3
22.7
20.4
22.5
26.4
27.8
27.3
22.8
23.0
17.6

2007
23.2
28.3
29.6
23.7
20.1
36.6
28.7
26.0
31.0p
23.1
26.8
21.6
25.5
36.4
28.6
20.1
23.7
22.4
21.8
23.0
22.5
22.5
36.0
28.8
26.8
24.2
23.9
18.0

2008
24.0
33.0
29.0
23.0
20.3
31.2
24.8
23.8
29.2p
23.6
28.1
21.2
27.2
32.1
26.0
21.5
23.3
19.6
22.3
23.4
23.1
22.8
38.4
29.6
25.5
24.4
24.3
17.3

2009
22.6
27.9
27.1
19.9
19.2
22.7
21.1
20.8
24.3p
22.0
25.2
20.0
23.4
22.5
17.9
19.7
22.8
18.2
21.3
22.5
21.4
21.1
26.0
24.3
21.7
22.8
22.3
15.6

2010
21.8
22.2
27.0
18.3
19.4
21.2
17.6
17.6
23.0p
22.1
21.3
19.9
22.3
19.4
16.9
17.6
20.3
21.4
19.7
21.6
20.3
20.5
25.9
21.3
22.1
21.9
22.3
15.6

2011
22.6
20.9
26.5
18.3
20.3
26.2
17.2
15.3p
21.5p
22.4
20.3
19.7
18.9
22.2
18.5
19.5
19.8
18.4
20.3
22.5
20.7
18.4
27.1
20.2
24.0
22.2
22.7
15.7

2012
22.6
21.3
25.9
19.0
20.1
28.6
19.5
12.6p
19.8p
22.5
19.6
18.4
15.1
25.4
17.4
20.6
19.4
18.2
18.9
22.7
19.8
15.8
27.3
19.3
21.2
22.3
22.6
15.9

2013
22.2
21.1
25.1
18.9
19.7
27.6
18.2
12.2p
18.8p
22.1
19.8
17.2
14.1
23.2
18.4
19.5
20.9
17.1
17.9
23.1
18.8
14.8
24.7
20.0
20.7
21.2
22.3
16.1

2014
22.9
21.1
25.1
19.1
20.0
24.4
20.5
11.6p
19.1p
21.8p
19.4
16.6
11.7
22.6
18.5
19.5
21.8
18.2
18.0
22.7
19.7
15.0
24.3
19.6
20.4
20.6
23.1
16.6

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
23.0
21.0
26.3
19.0
19.9
23.7
21.2
11.5p
19.7p
21.5p
19.5
16.6
13.3p
22.6
19.3
19.0
21.7
25.4
19.4p
22.6
20.1
15.3e
24.7p
19.5
23.0
20.4
23.7
16.9

69 

 
 
 
Table 3.26: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) 

Research and development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of
available knowledge (Frascati manual, 2015 edition, §1.32). The GDP used in denominator of the MIP indicator comes from the ESA 2010 transmission programme.

2006
1.8
0.5
1.2
2.4
2.5
1.1
1.2
0.6e
1.2
2.1
0.7
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.8
1.7
1.0
0.6
1.8
2.4
0.6
1.0e
0.5
1.5
0.5
3.3
3.5e
1.6
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

2007
1.8
0.4
1.3
2.5b
2.5
1.1
1.2
0.6e
1.2
2.0
0.8
1.1
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.6e
1.0
0.6
1.7
2.4
0.6
1.1
0.5
1.4
0.5
3.4
3.3
1.6

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2008
1.9
0.5
1.2
2.8
2.6
1.3
1.4
0.7eb
1.3
2.1
0.9
1.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.6
1.0
0.5
1.6
2.6e
0.6
1.5b
0.6
1.6b
0.5
3.6
3.5e
1.6e

2009
2.0
0.5
1.3
3.1
2.7
1.4
1.6e
0.6e
1.4
2.2
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.5
0.8
1.7
1.1
0.5
1.7
2.6
0.7
1.6
0.5
1.8
0.5
3.8
3.5
1.7e

2010
2.1
0.6
1.3
2.9
2.7
1.6
1.6e
0.6e
1.4
2.2b
0.7
1.2
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.5
1.2
0.6
1.7
2.7e
0.7
1.5
0.5
2.1
0.6
3.7
3.2e
1.7e

2011
2.2
0.5
1.6
3.0
2.8
2.3
1.5e
0.7
1.3
2.2
0.8
1.2
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.5
1.2
0.7
1.9b
2.7
0.8
1.5
0.5b
2.4b
0.7
3.6
3.3
1.7b

2012
2.4
0.6
1.8
3.0
2.9
2.1
1.6e
0.7
1.3
2.2
0.8
1.3
0.4
0.7
0.9
1.3b
1.3
0.8
1.9b
2.9e
0.9
1.4
0.5
2.6
0.8
3.4
3.3e
1.6e

2013
2.4
0.6
1.9
3.0
2.8
1.7
1.6e
0.8
1.3
2.2
0.8
1.3
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.3
1.4
0.8
2.0
3.0
0.9
1.3
0.4
2.6
0.8
3.3
3.3e
1.7

2014
2.5e
0.8
2.0
3.0
2.9
1.5
1.5e
0.8
1.2
2.3p
0.8
1.4e
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.4
0.8
2.0
3.1e
0.9
1.3
0.4
2.4
0.9
3.2
3.2e
1.7e

Note: 1) Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on Gross domestic expenditure on R&D is 31 October 2016; data as transmitted to Eurostat by the 24 October 2016 were used for this document.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
 na
1.0p
 na
 na
2.9ep
1.5p
 na
1.0p
 na
 na
 0.9
 na
 na
0.6p
1.0p
 na
 1.4
0.8p
 na
3.1ep
 1.0
 na
 na
 na
 1.2
2.9p
 na
 na

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.27: Current plus capital account - Net lending-borrowing (% of GDP) 

Net lending-borrowing of a country corresponds to the sum of total current and capital accounts’ balances in Balance of Payments. It represents the net resources that the total economy makes available to the rest of the world (if
it is positive) or receives from the rest of the world (if it is negative). The indicator is based on the Balance of Payments data.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
1.9
na
-1.8
3.3
5.6
-12.8
-5.2
-10.1
-8.4
0.1
-7.0
-1.4
na
-19.6
-9.0
9.3
-6.4
-3.0
8.9
3.0
-3.4
-9.5
-10.4
-2.3
-9.5
3.9
7.6
-2.3

2007
1.6
-25.7
-3.7
1.5
6.7
-13.8
-6.4
-13.3
-9.3
-0.2
-7.2
-1.3
na
-18.9
-12.9
9.4
-6.4
-0.7
5.3
3.8
-5.3
-8.6
-13.2
-4.3
-5.1
3.9
8.1
-2.5

2008
-1.5
-21.2
-1.2
2.9
5.6
-7.5
-6.4
-13.4
-8.8
-0.9
-9.0
-2.8
-15.3
-11.0
-11.4
7.0
-5.8
-0.7
5.0
4.5
-5.6
-10.9
-11.4
-5.4
-5.3
2.3
7.7
-3.5

2009
-1.3
-7.0
-1.0
3.5
5.7
6.0
-4.9
-11.5
-4.0
-0.7
-5.1
-1.9
-7.3
10.2
6.4
6.2
0.9
-5.4
5.6
2.6
-2.3
-9.3
-4.3
-0.5
-2.7
2.0
5.9
-2.9

2010
1.5
-0.9
-2.6
6.6
5.7
5.3
-1.5
-10.5
-3.5
-0.8
-1.1
-3.4
-11.0
4.0
3.5
6.2
2.1
-2.7
6.6
2.9
-3.6
-8.8
-4.9
0.0
-3.2
1.3
5.8
-2.7

2011
-1.2
1.5
-1.8
6.9
6.1
5.4
-1.9
-8.7
-2.8
-0.9
-0.7
-2.9
-3.7
-1.1
-0.7
5.7
3.1
1.0
8.8
1.5
-3.2
-4.5
-4.4
0.0
-3.7
-1.7
5.3
-1.8

2012
0.5
0.4
-0.3
6.3
7.0
1.4
-2.6
-2.6
0.3
-1.2
-0.1
-0.1
-5.8
-0.6
1.7
4.9
4.3
3.6
9.0
1.3
-1.5
0.3
-3.4
2.7
2.9
-1.8
5.4
-3.7

2013
-0.4
2.4
1.5
7.8
6.7
2.3
1.6
-0.4
2.2
-0.8
1.1
1.0
-3.5
-0.2
4.7
3.8
7.4
4.6
10.0
1.8
1.0
3.2
1.0
5.3
3.3
-1.5
5.0
-4.4

2014
-0.9
2.3
0.9
8.8
7.3
2.0
-1.8
-0.2
1.6
-1.0
2.2
2.1
-3.5
1.2
6.3
2.9
5.8
8.7
8.8
2.3
0.4
1.5
2.0
6.6
2.1
-1.0
4.5
-4.7

Flags: na: not available. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
 0.5
 3.5
 3.2
 9.0
 8.4
 4.3
9.7*
 1.2
 2.0
-0.1
 5.6
 1.8
-2.6
 2.0
 0.7
 4.1
 7.8
 4.9
 3.6
 1.4
 1.7
 1.7
 1.2
 6.1
 3.8
-0.3
 5.0
-5.4

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.28: Net external debt (% of GDP) 

The external debt (or the foreign debt), at any given time, is the outstanding amount of the actual current (and not contingent) liabilities that require payment(s) of principal and/or interest by the debtor at some point(s) in the
future and that are owed to non-residents by residents of an economy. The external debt is the portion of a country's debt that was borrowed from creditors outside the country, including commercial banks, other governments or
international financial institutions (such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank). The assets/liabilities include debt securities, such as bonds, notes and money market instruments, as well as loans,
deposits, currency, trade credits and advances due to non-residents. The data are expressed as percentage of GDP and source from Balance of Payments statistics. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-49.1
na
na
31.9
8.2
43.0
-194.3
60.1
61.4
9.9
na
na
na
40.9
18.9
-2541.9
11.2
-323.6
43.2
13.4
16.7
56.6
11.6
10.6
14.4
-3.1
44.6
na

2007
-45.3
na
na
32.3
3.8
48.5
-203.8
66.1
71.5
13.0
na
na
na
46.1
28.1
-2616.1
26.5
-385.9
46.4
15.5
19.7
64.7
20.4
24.2
12.9
-2.1
45.1
na

2008
-85.7
na
-4.7
29.8
5.9
54.3
-153.2
73.2
78.1
22.7
na
37.0
58.3
53.9
35.3
-2167.1
67.4
-428.8
59.8
23.3
28.3
74.6
27.7
34.5
17.7
6.8
66.2
na

2009
-105.2
na
-2.4
28.7
1.0
53.4
-202.8
84.2
89.2
25.3
na
41.2
70.0
58.6
37.8
-2738.6
78.8
-334.8
63.7
20.7
30.1
82.9
33.0
40.7
22.4
21.0
72.0
na

2010
-117.8
37.1
-1.3
22.1
3.4
35.8
-278.4
100.8
93.2
28.1
na
47.7
70.9
55.7
35.8
-2989.6
50.0
-490.7
71.9
28.1
32.5
81.2
35.7
43.9
20.6
25.0
61.8
na

2011
-115.1
29.6
-0.2
14.5
6.7
6.0
-309.2
98.8
97.0
28.3
61.9
45.8
127.1
47.3
32.1
-2362.2
68.7
-493.2
67.7
24.1
35.1
84.5
37.5
41.0
21.4
29.4
62.0
na

2012
-102.7
25.4
-1.1
11.0
3.6
-1.1
-348.4
123.6
95.7
32.4
59.9
52.3
137.4
39.5
34.0
-2354.5
69.3
-476.5
52.3
25.9
35.7
101.8
38.4
46.0
22.3
40.1
58.9
na

2013
-88.3
21.6
-5.1
8.3
-3.1
-4.9
-353.1
132.7
94.3
32.5
59.8
56.4
140.2
36.5
29.2
-2209.5
59.9
-369.4
52.2
20.2
37.1
99.7
35.8
43.6
23.9
40.3
55.8
na

2014
-81.2
18.3
-6.1
4.8
-5.7
-10.2
-418.7
133.1
97.0
36.4
58.3
58.7
136.4
33.0
28.2
-2218.1
57.0
-311.1
51.8
20.6
37.5
104.2
29.8
39.5
27.5
47.4
55.1
na

2015

-67.7
 3.4
-9.8
 3.6
-10.2
-10.3
-289.0*
138.1
93.1
37.3
52.7
59.7
133.4
28.6
26.4
-2220.9
23.0
-262.7
40.0
20.1
35.7
100.8
24.5
31.2
27.3
43.9
46.3

na

Flags: na: not available. 

Note: 1) IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of big multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.29: Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy - flows (% of GDP) 

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a category of investment that reflects the objective of establishing a lasting interest by a resident enterprise in one economy (direct investor) in an enterprise (direct investment enterprise) that is
resident in an economy other than that of the direct investor. The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the investor acquires at least 10% of the voting power of the direct investment enterprise, it implies a long-term relationship
between the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise and a significant degree of influence on the management of the enterprise. Direct investment is classified primarily on a directional basis: 1) Resident direct
investment abroad (Outward direct investment) and 2) Non-resident investment in the reporting economy (Inward direct investment). The data source from Balance of Payments statistics and are expressed as percentage of
GDP to remove the effect of differences in the size of the economies of the reporting countries. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
14.4
na
3.5
0.9
2.9
10.3
9.8
2.0
2.6
3.4
6.5
2.9
na
7.9
6.8
307.6
16.3
371.6
51.6
3.2
6.2
6.3
8.8
1.9
10.0
2.3
5.2
7.8

2007
19.8
28.0
5.5
3.7
1.5
13.5
22.9
0.7
4.8
3.2
7.8
3.0
na
8.8
5.8
377.0
49.9
451.2
85.9
17.4
5.8
2.5
5.9
2.3
6.5
8.5
9.4
6.8

2008
38.4
17.9
3.7
0.5
0.8
8.0
7.4
1.4
4.8
2.3
7.6
-0.5
8.7
3.7
4.0
184.7
47.8
164.7
17.8
1.5
2.7
3.0
6.5
2.0
4.9
7.0
8.3
9.1

2009
17.0
7.5
2.5
1.2
1.6
9.1
22.3
0.8
0.9
0.7
5.0
0.9
10.8
-0.2
0.1
418.6
-2.6
16.8
11.1
3.5
3.2
2.3
2.8
-0.7
1.9
-3.3
2.1
0.4

2010
22.9
3.6
4.9
-3.6
2.5
13.2
16.3
0.2
2.8
1.4
2.4
0.4
53.3
1.9
2.3
426.2
-16.1
106.3
14.6
-5.5
3.7
3.5
2.0
0.6
2.3
4.9
0.2
2.7

2011
30.3
3.7
1.9
3.8
2.6
4.9
14.5
0.4
2.2
1.5
2.3
1.5
-43.5
5.3
3.5
684.8
9.9
81.6
37.5
5.4
3.4
4.0
1.3
1.7
5.6
-2.2
1.1
1.0

2012
1.3
3.3
4.5
-5.0
1.8
7.8
24.9
0.7
1.8
1.2
2.6
0.0
30.5
3.8
1.4
972.1
8.1
35.9
29.8
1.3
1.5
10.1
1.8
0.1
1.9
1.9
0.8
1.8

2013
-5.4
3.6
3.5
0.2
1.7
4.3
27.8
1.2
3.8
1.1
1.6
0.9
-25.0
3.3
1.5
798.4
-2.8
6.2
37.9
0.1
0.2
4.8
2.0
0.2
1.0
-1.9
0.3
2.1

2014
-3.5
3.6
3.9
1.6
0.2
6.3
36.8
1.1
2.5
0.0
5.5
0.8
-2.2
3.4
1.1
200.2
9.3
-1.4
11.3
0.4
3.6
5.7
1.9
2.0
-0.4
6.3
-1.9
2.4

Flags: na: not available. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

-4.7
 3.7
 1.3
 0.7
 1.4
-2.9
72.3*
 0.6
 2.1
 1.5
 0.4
 0.7
41.0
 2.8
 2.3
766.4
-2.2
25.8
13.4
 1.1
 3.0
 0.3
 2.4
 3.9
 1.3
 7.3
 3.4
 1.8

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.30: Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy - stocks (% of GDP) 

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the category of international investment made by an entity resident in an economy (direct investor) to acquire a lasting interest in an entity operating in an economy other than that of the investor
(direct investment enterprise). The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the investor acquires at least 10% of the voting power of the of the direct investment enterprise. Inward FDI stocks are the value of FDI liabilities from all
countries of the world at the end of the reference period in the reporting economy. The data source from Balance of Payments statistics and are expressed as percentage of GDP to remove the effect of differences in the size of
the economies of the reporting countries. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
143.8
na
47.5
44.7
32.7
75.5
185.7
14.7
42.3
33.3
46.3
19.7
na
34.2
35.3
2626.4
145.1
1111.2
340.5
61.6
36.1
46.1
33.4
23.1
70.7
41.6
69.9
53.2

2007
154.6
na
53.0
47.1
33.7
75.0
192.0
16.1
44.7
34.8
64.5
21.4
na
35.3
36.6
2788.4
177.5
1549.3
409.0
75.4
38.4
51.0
36.7
24.0
64.2
46.4
81.3
51.5

2008
192.0
na
60.4
44.7
31.9
77.1
73.7
12.0
45.1
34.2
42.2
18.8
701.6
36.0
29.9
3006.2
219.0
1636.5
404.8
73.2
39.7
47.6
35.9
25.0
60.5
50.9
91.5
60.4

2009
208.2
na
66.3
47.0
34.2
89.1
104.6
13.8
49.0
37.0
50.9
22.1
711.8
46.3
37.0
3573.9
228.0
1698.3
422.0
81.6
40.4
53.6
40.7
26.1
64.3
50.7
100.9
58.0

2010
223.2
90.3
70.2
43.8
35.1
95.0
130.7
13.8
50.5
38.0
54.1
20.3
773.4
49.7
38.6
3661.8
215.4
1859.2
436.6
75.1
48.5
56.4
41.4
27.0
62.5
54.7
92.9
60.3

2011
236.2
87.8
69.6
44.2
35.8
89.9
133.0
12.2
51.6
40.2
49.9
21.5
700.1
50.2
37.9
4699.5
237.4
2013.5
478.0
73.2
47.3
54.7
41.4
28.7
65.8
50.6
91.3
61.1

2012
236.2
90.1
74.7
43.9
39.8
94.2
336.9
11.5
53.3
40.6
51.8
23.2
867.4
49.7
38.2
5394.3
228.1
2039.4
509.3
75.0
47.7
66.7
43.2
29.8
64.7
52.0
90.9
74.7

2013
220.1
89.3
77.4
42.3
41.0
99.1
344.2
12.0
56.3
41.4
50.7
23.8
864.9
54.1
38.7
5716.1
212.3
1972.6
540.8
75.5
50.1
69.4
42.9
29.3
64.8
46.8
90.1
72.7

2014
215.9
96.2
77.3
50.2
40.5
104.1
388.0
11.8
59.7
41.7
56.7
25.1
851.3
56.5
38.4
7545.4
217.9
1935.5
555.2
78.4
51.5
73.0
41.9
31.7
62.3
52.0
83.4
74.1

2015

213.6
88.9
74.2
49.8
41.0
99.9
495.9*
14.5
59.8
43.3
55.0
25.6
911.2
60.1
40.0
8616.9
222.1
1867.3
580.5
80.9
48.6
71.7
42.6
34.5
60.5
58.0
78.0
74.3

Flags: na: not available. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.31: Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP) 

The trade balance of energy products is calculated, for each Member State, as the difference between exports to and imports from the rest of the world (intra-EU and extra-EU trade) of goods included in the SITC section 3 -
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials.The data source from International trade statistic and are expressed as percentage of GDP (according to ESA2010 transmission programme).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-4.5
2.3
-4.0
2.0
-2.8
-3.5
-2.0
-3.5
-3.2p
-2.4
-3.7
-3.2
-5.0
-5.3
-3.3
-5.9
-6.2
-4.5
-1.1
-3.5
-2.4
-3.8
-3.0
-5.0
-6.3
-3.0
-1.7
-0.4

2007
-3.6
-7.3
-3.2
1.8
-2.4
-3.6
-2.4
-2.9
-3.0p
-2.2
-3.9
-2.9
-5.1
-4.3
-4.2
-5.4
-4.6
-1.4
-1.2
-2.8
-2.6
-3.6
-2.6
-4.7
-4.9
-2.5
-1.6
-0.4

2008
-5.3
-8.0
-4.1
1.6
-3.4
-4.1
-3.1
-3.8
-3.6p
-2.8
-5.1
-3.6
-6.4
-5.5
-5.7
-6.7
-6.2
-2.3
-0.7
-3.5
-3.0
-4.6
-2.8
-6.2
-5.9
-3.3
-1.9
-0.7

2009
-3.2
-5.0
-2.7
1.0
-2.5
-2.2
-2.3
-2.2
-2.3p
-2.0
-3.5
-2.6
-4.6
-4.4
-4.1
-4.2
-4.9
0.0
-0.7
-2.4
-2.2
-2.8
-1.6
-3.9
-4.4
-2.4
-1.2
-0.4

2010
-3.7
-5.7
-3.5
0.9
-2.9
-1.5
-2.8
-3.0
-2.9p
-2.4
-3.8
-3.2
-6.0
-4.9
-7.1
-4.9
-5.1
1.1
-1.5
-2.9
-2.6
-3.4
-2.2
-5.0
-5.7
-2.8
-1.6
-0.4

2011
-4.6
-6.3
-4.4
0.7
-3.5
-0.4
-3.2
-3.6p
-3.7p
-3.0
-5.4
-3.7
-6.8
-5.5
-7.6
-5.9
-6.0
-2.8
-1.9
-3.7
-3.3
-4.2
-2.7
-6.2
-6.4
-3.7
-1.8
-1.0

2012
-5.0
-6.9
-4.7
0.5
-3.6
-1.3
-3.0
-4.0p
-3.8p
-3.3
-5.6
-3.8
-7.6
-6.1
-7.5
-6.3
-6.4
-12.1
-2.6
-3.9
-3.4
-4.7
-3.0
-6.8
-5.9
-2.6
-1.7
-1.2

2013
-4.5
-6.2
-4.8
0.1
-3.4
-2.2
-3.2
-3.5p
-3.4p
-3.1
-5.1
-3.3
-6.3
-5.6
-6.1
-5.4
-6.3
-9.2
-1.4
-3.5
-2.7
-3.7
-1.9
-5.5
-5.9
-2.6
-1.5
-1.1

2014
-3.8
-5.6
-4.0
0.0
-2.8
-2.1
-2.7
-3.2p
-2.9p
-2.5p
-4.0
-2.6
-5.9
-4.2
-4.7
-4.5
-6.2
-15.6
-1.6
-3.0
-2.6
-3.5
-1.4
-4.1
-4.3
-2.4
-1.3
-0.8

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
-2.8
-3.8
-2.5
0.1
-2.0
-1.4
-1.6
-2.2p
-2.1p
-1.8p
-3.5
-2.0
-4.2p
-2.9
-3.5
-3.1
-4.2
-9.8
-1.0p
-2.3
-1.6
-2.3e
-0.9p
-2.9
-3.5
-1.5
-0.9
-0.6

75 

 
 
 
Table 3.32: Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 years % change) 

Real effective exchange rate (REER) aims to assess a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on
exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the MIP is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to the Euro area countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs,
reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). The MIP scoreboard indicator is the percentage change over three years of REER. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
0.6
12.8
11.7
-1.9
-1.1
5.9
0.9
3.4
3.7
-0.4
5.5
0.3
1.0
4.4
0.9
3.6
3.6
0.9
-1.8
-0.6
13.6
0.7
30.0
-0.2
21.1
-4.1
-4.0
0.9

2007
0.4
14.4
14.4
-1.3
-0.7
8.5
1.4
3.3
3.5
-1.4
4.4
-0.1
-0.4
10.8
4.6
3.0
8.9
-0.7
-1.8
-0.6
18.9
0.6
38.9
2.0
21.7
-3.0
-3.6
-0.6

2008
1.2
19.5
22.8
-0.6
-1.3
12.1
1.1
2.8
3.1
-1.2
6.0
0.0
-0.7
21.5
10.4
2.1
8.5
0.6
-2.3
-0.7
14.5
0.0
9.9
3.9
26.7
-1.3
-4.6
-13.5

2009
0.6
15.9
10.5
0.4
-1.1
8.9
-1.6
2.5
1.1
-1.2
3.9
0.4
-1.3
18.9
12.9
0.9
5.3
1.5
-1.1
-0.3
-6.2
-1.7
-6.5
3.9
24.7
0.8
-12.1
-21.6

2010
1.9
11.6
12.5
1.7
-1.5
6.4
-5.3
5.0
0.9
-0.2
4.3
0.7
0.4
8.3
9.9
1.7
0.0
3.5
-1.0
0.1
-0.2
-2.1
-9.2
3.2
12.7
1.9
-1.2
-16.9

Source: European Commission, DG ECFIN

2011
1.3
3.8
0.8
1.5
-1.0
2.8
-6.6
4.5
0.4
-0.4
-2.0
0.9
0.7
0.3
4.7
2.0
-2.5
1.8
-0.1
1.2
-9.6
-0.5
-1.7
0.4
4.9
2.1
7.1
-3.0

2012
1.9
1.8
5.5
0.7
-1.3
5.2
-5.1
2.0
0.8
-0.5
-2.5
1.4
2.0
-0.7
1.7
2.8
4.4
1.1
-0.4
1.3
7.1
0.9
3.2
0.3
1.9
1.6
19.1
14.4

2013
0.6
-0.4
-2.4
-1.3
-0.8
5.4
-3.1
-3.5
0.4
-1.3
-3.0
1.0
1.0
0.2
1.4
1.7
-3.2
0.1
1.4
1.6
-3.3
0.1
0.6
0.0
2.5
1.9
6.0
4.3

2014
-0.1
-2.9
-10.1
-1.4
-0.1
3.1
-1.8
-5.6
-0.6
-0.7
-1.5
0.4
-0.1
-1.3
-0.1
0.8
-7.2
0.7
1.3
1.6
-1.7
-1.2
-1.3
0.4
0.5
2.0
-3.7
10.2

2015
0.2
-3.9
-8.0
-1.3
0.5
1.6
-1.3
-5.2
-1.3
-0.4
-1.1
-0.5
-2.4
-2.0
-1.4
0.3
-7.1
1.0
1.0
2.3
-1.9
-1.0
2.4
-0.7
-1.2
1.1
-7.8
14.0

76 

 
 
 
Table 3.33: Export performance against advanced economies (5 years % change) 

The indicator shows developments in shares of exports of goods and services of EU Member States in relation to total exports of goods and services of 34 OECD countries (21 EU MSs and 13 non-EU countries). To capture the
structural losses in competitiveness that can accumulate over longer time periods, it is calculated the 5 year % change (comparing year Y with year Y-5).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-4.0
59.8
75.9
na
13.8
60.8
0.8
7.2e
3.0
-5.1
32.5
-2.6
-16.2e
93.6
65.3e
30.7
38.7
na
5.7
12.9
67.5e
6.6
93.9
35.4
na
2.6
9.9
2.5

2007
2.4
59.9
73.9
na
12.1
69.0
-3.4
20.0
4.4
-8.9
23.9
0.0
-10.7e
114.6
43.3e
37.8
41.3
na
7.0
11.5
70.9e
6.2
102.1
35.7
na
4.7
11.2
-6.9

2008
-0.9
50.9
70.3
na
6.3
52.4
-7.3
16.7
-4.6
-9.6
4.9
-6.4
-16.9e
96.7
59.2e
28.8
39.4
23.4
4.5
6.3
68.4e
-1.1
113.6
29.5
na
6.5
3.7
-13.8

2009
-1.3
29.2
37.8
na
1.2
26.1
10.5
-2.8
-1.3
-7.2
2.8
-10.9
-1.5e
65.5
41.9
21.3
22.4
58.1
2.6
1.9
45.8
-0.3
83.7
18.8
18.7
-5.6
-8.8
-13.2

2010
-4.1
16.8
20.4
-3.3
-0.2
18.3
0.6
-7.2
-4.4
-10.7
-6.0
-12.4
-9.0e
31.6
28.7
11.7
11.8
49.1
-0.6
-5.5
34.9
0.7
65.9
6.4
12.4
-12.9
-5.6
-17.5

2011
0.8
21.3
17.2
-5.9
-0.9
35.7
-2.7
-8.1
-0.2
-7.7
-8.4
-11.9
-3.5e
38.2
41.4
5.0
6.6
28.4
0.1
-4.5
25.7
-0.2
63.7
2.8
6.2
-16.7
-4.1
-19.1

2012
-5.4
10.9
6.9
-7.9
-6.6
19.6
-6.2
-16.3
-8.4
-8.9
-15.0
-16.7
-12.8e
20.8
48.2
0.5
-11.9
25.6
-2.4
-12.3
13.5
-6.6
25.8
-11.5
0.5
-23.1
-9.9
-11.9

2013
-4.6
9.5
-1.1
-9.9
-4.1
20.2
0.7
-18.5
-2.6
-6.7
-15.9
-12.5
-7.1
16.1
30.8
13.0
-15.3
8.1
-2.8
-10.5
9.4
1.5
24.7
-10.5
5.1
-24.6
-9.2
-4.1

2014
-5.5
13.9
1.4
-9.4
-2.0
30.3
-5.4
-11.9
-5.4
-7.7
-12.5
-8.4
-18.0
17.6
44.5
19.6
-9.4
-10.4
-4.2
-10.0
13.2
1.6
29.9
-5.9
10.1
-19.5
-2.3
-3.1

Flags: e: estimated. na: not available. 

Note: * IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and OECD

2015

-9.4
15.2
 2.3
-6.8
-0.7
10.8
41.2*
-18.9
-1.5
-3.4
-1.5
-7.0
-15.0
12.8
17.9
25.5
-6.0
-6.8
-6.4
-7.7
12.1
 5.0
23.7
-1.5
 8.9
-18.8
-7.4
 3.1

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.34: Terms of trade (5 years % change) 

A country’s terms of trade measures a country's export prices in relation to its import prices. The indicator measures the country's trade competitiveness, as it indicates how much imports an economy can get for a unit of export
goods. It is calculated as the ratio of the price index for exports of goods and services to the price index for imports of goods and services and by dividing current prices by chain-linked volumes using the standard reference year
2010. Data are expressed as percentage change comparing year Y with the year Y–5. Data source: National accounts statistics.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-2.0
12.3
0.4
4.0
0.0
11.1
-3.7
2.1
4.9p
-2.1
8.6
-3.9
0.5
0.4
7.0
3.3
-2.3
2.1
1.2
-0.9
3.1
0.6
17.5
-1.3
-2.2
-9.5
-4.9
1.0

2007
-2.5
15.4
-2.0
2.6
-1.9
9.0
-5.2
1.1
2.6p
-2.6
7.9
-4.4
3.3
7.8
7.6
1.4
-3.1
2.1
0.4
-2.0
5.5
-0.5
26.9
-2.3
-3.3
-9.7
-1.8
-0.6

2008
-4.7
13.0
-3.3
3.4
-4.6
7.4
-3.2
-1.7
-1.2p
-3.2
6.7
-8.0
0.1
3.9
11.5
1.1
-4.0
0.0
-0.2
-4.1
4.5
-2.9
28.9
-4.1
-4.5
-10.2
-2.3
-5.1

2009
-0.8
12.0
-2.4
2.8
-0.4
7.0
0.8
-2.3
4.3p
0.2
5.2
-1.3
-1.2
1.5
-1.3
3.0
-2.6
1.0
1.0
-1.5
4.5
2.3
25.5
0.4
-5.3
-7.1
-0.2
-3.9

2010
-1.7
14.0
-2.2
3.4
-1.0
3.0
-3.7
-1.0
1.0p
0.2
5.6
-2.1
0.2
2.6
-2.2
3.2
-0.8
1.6
-0.4
-2.5
1.7
2.1
23.2
-1.6
-5.7
-5.8
1.2
-2.0

2011
-2.2
11.5
-1.7
1.7
-2.1
1.0
-0.6
-1.5p
-2.9p
-0.7
4.4
-1.7
-0.1
6.3
-0.4
2.1
-0.9
1.2
-2.1
-3.1
0.2
-0.5
18.6
-2.4
-5.6
-4.3
0.6
-2.1

2012
-2.6
5.9
-3.3
2.9
-2.5
-1.4
-0.7
-3.5p
-5.4p
-2.2
2.6
-4.2
-0.8
-1.3
-2.1
3.5
-2.2
0.2
-2.3
-3.1
-2.6
-0.5
6.6
-4.3
-5.7
-5.2
-0.7
-1.0

2013
0.2
4.2
-0.9
2.7
0.3
-0.2
-1.7
-0.8p
-2.0p
-0.4
1.3
-0.6
-0.2
1.0
-5.4
1.9
-0.3
1.1
-1.7
-1.6
-0.2
3.7
4.2
-2.3
-4.6
-2.7
0.0
4.7

2014
-2.4
3.0
-1.4
2.9
-2.8
0.5
-1.8
1.3p
-7.5p
-1.9p
0.6
-4.2
0.1
-0.4
-0.8
0.6
-0.9
2.0
-2.6
-3.2
-1.4
0.1
4.5
-4.6
-3.5
-2.7
-0.8
4.5

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) IE: the level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of big multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
0.1
3.5
0.7
0.7
2.0
2.8
3.6
5.8p
-4.7p
2.1p
0.6
2.1
-0.8p
0.2
2.2
0.0
-0.2
0.8
-0.9p
-0.2
2.8
4.8e
6.1p
0.7
-3.2
2.7
0.6
3.5

78 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.35: Export market share, volume (1 year % change) 

The indicator is calculated by subtracting the world exports volume growth rate from the country exports volume growth rate. Eurostat's National accounts volumes for exports (as for all transactions concerning goods and
services) are estimated in previous year prices to eliminate the influence of inflation. The volume growth rate is always calculated by comparing the year Y volume in previous year prices with the year Y-1 figure in current prices.
The MIP indicator is expressed as percentage change comparing year Y with year Y-1. Country's exports of goods and services series are based on Eurostat data, while world exports of goods and services on IMF data, World
Economic Outlook (WEO)

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
-4.2
-1.8
4.8
0.3
2.8
0.0
-3.4
-4.3
-4.6p
-3.9
-3.9
-1.3
-8.2
-2.0
3.1
3.5
10.0
8.0
-2.5
-2.0
6.1
2.9
0.9
4.6
13.4
0.6
-0.8
3.0

2007
-2.2
11.7
3.1
-4.3
1.4
4.7
1.0
2.7
0.4p
-5.1
-4.5
-1.7
-2.6
5.9
-4.7
1.0
8.2
3.0
-2.3
-0.5
2.1
-0.6
-0.1
5.7
6.7
1.2
-3.4
-9.4

2008
-1.1
-0.3
1.4
0.4
-0.9
-1.9
-6.6
0.7
-3.6p
-2.4
-2.0
-5.9
-3.5
-0.4
10.7
3.2
4.1
16.6
-1.0
-0.5
4.3
-3.1
-6.0
1.4
0.2
3.8
-0.8
-1.7

2009
0.8
-1.5
0.4
0.7
-4.1
-10.1
14.8
-8.3
-0.8p
-1.1
-3.9
-7.9
6.1
-2.7
-2.6
-1.8
-1.2
9.8
1.3
-4.8
4.3
0.0
4.9
-6.4
-6.6
-9.9
-4.3
1.4

2010
-2.2
-1.5
2.3
-10.6
2.0
11.5
-6.7
-7.6
-3.1p
-3.5
-6.3
-0.7
-8.0
0.9
6.4
-6.0
-1.2
-5.6
-2.0
1.3
0.6
-3.0
2.7
-2.3
3.2
-6.3
-0.6
-6.7

2011
-0.3
5.6
2.2
0.3
1.3
17.2
-4.1
-7.0p
0.4p
-0.1
-4.8
-1.8
-1.4
5.0
7.9
-3.4
-0.5
-4.9
-2.6
-1.0
0.9
0.0
4.9
-0.1
5.0
-5.0
-0.9
-1.2

2012
-1.1
-0.9
1.4
-2.3
-0.1
1.9
-0.5
-1.7p
-1.8p
-0.4
-3.0
-0.6
-5.6
6.9
9.3
-0.2
-4.7
4.3
0.9
-1.2
1.7
0.5
-1.9
-2.3
6.4
-1.7
-1.9
-2.3

2013
-2.9
5.9
-3.5
-2.8
-1.8
-1.4
-0.6
-2.2p
0.6p
-1.8
-0.6
-3.0
-1.6
-2.6
5.9
2.6
0.5
-3.6
-1.6
-3.2
2.4
3.3
16.0
-0.6
3.0
-2.6
-4.5
-2.6

2014
1.4
-0.6
5.0
-0.6
0.4
-0.6
10.7
4.1p
0.5p
-0.4p
3.9
-0.8
0.5
0.2
-0.2
8.4
6.1
-3.9
0.8
-1.4
3.0
0.6
4.3
2.0
0.0
-5.4
1.6
-2.2

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission calculation based on IMF data, World Economic Outlook (WEO).

2015
1.6
3.0
5.0
-2.4
2.5
-3.3
31.7
0.7p
2.2p
3.4p
7.3
1.6
-2.7
-0.1
-3.1
10.1
5.0
-0.6
2.3p
0.9
5.0
3.4e
2.8p
2.9
4.3
-2.9
2.9
1.8

79 

 
 
 
Table 3.36: Real labour productivity (1 year % change) 

The labour productivity is the ratio of Gross domestic product (market prices in millions, chain-linked volumes reference year 2010) to the total Employment (domestic concept). The 'persons employed' does not distinguish
between full-time and part-time employment. The GDP per person employed is intended to give an overall impression of the productivity of national economies expressed in relation to the European Union (EU28) average. The
input data are obtained through official national accounts' country data in the ESA2010 transmission programme. The MIP indicator is expressed as percentage change comparing year Y with year Y-1. 

2006
1.4
3.4
5.5
1.6
2.9
5.1
1.2
3.8
0.0p
1.3
0.9
0.0
2.6
5.8
7.7
1.2
3.4
0.3
1.3
1.6
2.9
1.2
7.3
4.0
6.2
2.2
2.9
1.5
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

2007
1.7
4.0
3.4
-1.4
1.5
7.5
-0.6
1.9
0.5p
0.9
-4.1
0.2
0.4
5.9
8.9
3.8
0.3
1.7
0.7
1.8
2.4
2.5
6.5
3.5
8.5
3.0
1.1
1.7

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2008
-1.0
3.6
0.5
-1.8
-0.2
-5.2
-3.8
-1.6
0.9p
-0.3
-1.7
-1.3
0.3
-2.8
4.0
-5.3
2.9
0.8
0.1
-0.4
0.4
-0.2
8.4
0.7
2.3
-1.5
-1.4
-1.5

2009
-2.1
-1.9
-3.1
-2.2
-5.7
-5.0
3.6
-3.8
2.9p
-1.8
-6.7
-3.9
-1.8
0.0
-7.7
-6.4
-4.2
-2.5
-2.9
-3.4
2.4
-0.3
-5.2
-6.1
-3.5
-6.0
-2.8
-2.8

2010
2.0
5.4
3.4
4.0
3.8
7.6
6.3
-3.0
1.8p
1.8
2.1
2.3
0.8
3.1
7.3
3.9
1.8
1.8
2.1
1.2
6.4b
3.4
-0.5
3.4
6.7
3.7
5.0
1.7

2011
0.4
4.2
2.3
1.2
2.3
1.0
0.5b
-2.4p
1.7p
1.3
3.8
0.3
0.3
4.6
5.5
-0.9
1.7
-1.1
0.8
1.2
4.4
0.1
1.9
2.4
1.0
1.3
0.5
1.0

2012
-0.3
2.6p
-1.2
0.5
-0.7
2.6
-0.5
-1.1p
1.1p
-0.1
1.4
-2.5
0.0
2.5
2.0
-2.4
-1.8
0.3
-0.9
-0.3
1.5
0.1
5.7b
-1.8
1.6
-2.3
-1.0
0.2

2013
0.3
1.3p
-0.8
-0.4
-0.1
0.2
-1.4
-0.6p
0.9p
0.3
1.7
0.1
0.0
0.6
2.1
2.3
1.0
0.7
1.0
-0.2
1.5
1.8
4.4
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.3
0.7

2014
1.2
1.0p
2.2
0.5
0.8
2.0
6.7
0.3p
0.5p
0.2p
-3.1
0.0
0.4p
3.5
1.5
2.0
-0.8
-1.6
1.7p
-0.3
1.5
-0.5
2.3
2.7
1.1
-0.2
1.2
0.7

2015
 0.6
3.3p
 3.1
-0.1
 0.8
-1.4
23.2
-0.7p
0.7p
0.8p
 0.1
 0.2
0.9p
 1.4
 0.5
 0.9
 0.5
 2.7
1.0p
 0.3
2.5p
0.2e
4.6p
 1.2
 1.8
 0.6
 2.6
 0.5

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.37: Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change) 

The Nominal unit labour cost (NULC) index is defined as the ratio of labours cost to labour productivity. Where the labour costs are the ratio of Compensation of employees (current prices) to the number of Employees, and the
labour productivity is the ratio of Gross domestic product (at market prices in millions, chain-linked volumes reference year 2010) to the total Employment. The data on employees and employment are presented according to the
domestic concept used in National accounts. The indicator is the percentage change over ten years. The input data are obtained from the official national accounts' country data, through ESA 2010 transmission programme.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
13.2
1836.6
46.3
22.3
-0.7
66.5
na
52.7
31.5p
14.6
na
23.5
35.0
57.2
39.8
19.3
116.4
na
18.1
4.9
na
34.2
1859.9
59.1
57.2
10.0
10.2
34.3

2007
15.2
123.5
36.1
27.2
-0.1
80.9
na
44.5
33.8p
16.5
na
22.6
32.4
96.3
28.2
20.0
92.4
na
19.8
6.8
na
30.4
948.0
55.5
44.4
11.6
13.0
34.6

2008
19.3
65.7
31.8
30.6
2.1
97.0
44.8
43.0
38.9p
20.1
na
30.0
37.2
133.0
31.8
31.5
79.9
na
22.4
10.6
na
29.1
604.8
57.5
43.1
16.7
23.8
31.8

2009
21.6
68.1
32.1
34.6
7.6
92.6
37.2
48.2
38.2p
23.3
na
33.6
45.5
99.6
27.8
41.7
74.0
na
27.1
16.4
na
28.9
420.7
63.4
46.1
24.8
29.0
34.4

2010
20.4
71.5
29.2
33.3
5.7
80.6
21.3
47.5
32.7p
23.0
46.9
32.9
42.5
80.3
29.4
39.3
53.6
30.4
21.3
16.3
13.7b
22.0
223.4
53.0
31.7
22.4
20.3
32.6

2011
18.6
62.0
23.9
28.2
6.5
73.2
15.4b
42.9p
27.4p
21.5
50.7
29.6
41.8
77.5
34.9
37.0
40.2
28.2
19.0
16.2
7.9
15.1
109.7
39.2
29.3
22.2
17.8
27.7

2012
20.5
69.7p
19.6
25.5
9.0
72.6
15.6
28.3p
20.2p
20.9
41.5
26.5
39.0
88.6
35.2
38.2
36.9
31.2
17.1
19.3
13.0
8.0
117.6b
32.5
25.2
27.1
21.2
28.4

2013
21.8
78.8p
16.5
24.7
9.8
70.7
13.5
15.9p
16.1p
19.8
31.7
22.2
20.6
90.0
38.5
36.0
28.3
28.5
15.7
20.2
16.8
6.1
79.3
27.3
21.1
28.5
22.4
27.4

2014
22.5
82.7p
14.0
26.4
12.7
65.8
6.4
11.1p
12.4p
20.0p
26.5
19.4
14.0p
87.5
37.4
34.4
26.5
28.3
15.8p
22.8
19.3
4.5
81.2
21.4
19.1
29.7
24.7
23.0

2015
20.5
78.4p
14.1
26.0
15.1
72.0
-14.9
-0.2p
8.9p
17.9p
23.3
17.6
5.4p
71.7
35.3
29.8
24.4
29.8
15.3p
23.3
17.0p
0.6e
43.9p
19.9
16.1
28.1
25.1
21.9

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) PL: 2010 break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) IE: 2011 break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 3) RO: 2012 break in time
series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

81 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.38: Unit labour cost performance relative to EA (10 years % change) 

The relative unit labour cost (ULC) series measures the trading position of an individual country relative to its partners in the euro area and as such offers an indication about changes in its competitive position. The measure
takes into account not only changes in market exchange rates, but also variations in relative price levels based on the unit labour cost and therefore can be used as indicators of competitiveness. The data are expressed as 10
years % change.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
0.7
1558.3
31.1
9.4
-17.0
44.7
17.6
35.0
15.7
0.4
36.7
9.7
12.6
36.7
21.1
11.0
95.6
3.8
7.7
-5.7
21.8
16.9
1615.6
43.5
42.8
-3.0
-2.2
18.1

Source: European Commission, DG ECFIN

2007
1.4
90.6
21.8
12.5
-17.4
54.3
22.2
26.6
17.3
1.2
29.6
7.7
10.9
67.7
7.5
10.5
73.1
4.5
8.4
-4.8
7.7
11.8
812.3
39.0
29.9
-2.8
-0.9
16.8

2008
1.9
37.6
14.9
11.8
-18.7
60.9
20.3
21.0
18.3
1.0
15.1
11.4
12.7
88.4
5.5
17.3
57.0
4.9
7.1
-4.5
2.9
6.9
492.8
36.1
24.6
-1.5
5.2
10.8

2009
0.2
34.6
10.8
11.3
-16.5
53.7
11.0
21.0
13.9
0.4
10.9
11.5
12.9
55.7
0.5
22.1
46.1
6.7
7.2
-3.2
-4.5
3.9
322.2
35.8
22.5
2.0
5.8
9.3

2010
1.3
41.6
10.9
12.6
-16.2
47.5
1.0
22.7
11.4
2.6
10.0
13.7
13.0
46.4
4.8
19.2
31.3
9.8
4.3
-1.2
-3.1
0.5
166.6
29.4
12.4
2.3
0.8
10.8

2011
0.9
36.7
7.0
9.3
-13.9
42.6
-6.0
20.2
8.5
2.8
14.6
12.6
14.4
46.7
10.2
15.2
20.8
9.0
3.8
-0.4
-7.4
-3.7
74.9
18.7
11.3
3.3
-0.2
7.9

2012
2.6
44.6
2.8
6.8
-10.7
40.0
-7.7
8.2
2.5
2.6
8.0
10.3
12.3
53.4
9.7
16.8
17.6
12.5
1.8
2.1
-3.3
-8.6
82.6
12.6
7.5
7.4
2.5
8.8

2013
4.7
54.4
0.7
6.7
-8.3
40.2
-10.8
-1.5
0.2
2.5
2.0
6.5
2.9
54.4
13.0
17.2
11.1
11.2
1.4
3.6
0.5
-9.0
52.6
8.7
5.1
9.5
4.2
8.0

2014
4.9
57.8
-2.7
7.5
-5.5
37.6
-16.3
-5.8
-4.0
3.1
-2.0
3.9
-1.6
51.0
11.3
16.1
8.4
10.2
1.6
5.3
2.2
-9.8
52.0
3.0
2.3
10.0
5.8
3.7

2015
4.0
51.2
-2.8
7.4
-1.6
42.1
-22.7
-12.6
-6.2
1.9
-4.1
3.0
-4.1
39.1
10.0
11.1
8.8
10.7
1.5
5.7
2.5
-12.4
23.6
1.1
-1.2
8.8
6.8
3.6

82 

 
 
 
Table 3.39: House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change) 

The House price index (HPI) captures price changes of all residential properties purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing, independently of their final use and their previous
owners. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The land component is included. The data are expressed as 3 years % change of the HPI. The indicator is based on Price statistics.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
34.4
130.9e
9.8e
58.9
-0.7
na
40.0
28.5e
50.8e
48.9
45.5
20.8
31.2e
97.6e
74.3e
41.1
na
50.9e
13.6
7.3e
na
5.1
na
46.6
na
25.p
34.9
34.8

2007
33.3
102.0e
30.5e
49.8
-1.3
na
35.4
33.0e
41.4e
36.8b
46.8
19.5
32.8e
162.1e
103.7e
32.5b
na
56.2e
14.5
14.4e
na
5.8
na
65.2
na
22.5p
38.8
32.4

2008
23.5
84.8p
45.1e
20.8
-1.2
63.2
14.9
21.9e
22.7e
19.7
35.8
13.9
32.0
113.8e
76.7e
22.9
na
61.1
11.7
10.1e
na
7.4b
na
54.5
na
14.2p
27.9
13.2

2009
12.0
28.2p
29.5e
-14.3
0.0
-31.5
-19.2
3.8e
1.1
0.1
9.5
7.2
10.3
-13.6
-3.5
9.3
na
28.6
2.4
9.9e
na
4.2
na
19.7
32.7
8.3p
17.1
-4.4

2010
7.2
-10.7p
6.6e
-14.2
3.2
-40.0
-34.9
-6.6e
-9.6
-0.8
-8.4
1.3b
-6.9p
-43.6
-29.3
7.7
-5.3
7.4
-4.0
11.5be
na
3.6
na
-3.0
-1.2
8.7p
12.4
-8.0

2011
6.8
-32.4p
-5.6
-11.0
5.4
-28.0
-41.4
-13.2e
-15.3
4.0
-10.9
-0.6p
-13.3p
-38.4
-30.8
8.0
-10.7
-4.6
-8.0
17.3e
-6.4e
-5.1
-38.2e
-6.9
-17.5
11.3p
14.0
-5.1

2012
9.7
-16.7p
-3.1
-1.7
8.2
23.0
-37.5
-20.4e
-22.7
10.3
-7.6
-2.8p
-10.1p
1.2
-1.5
13.9
-9.2
2.7
-10.1
21.1e
-7.0e
-10.9
-23.0
-4.2
-8.0
12.3
12.0
4.6

2013
7.6
-9.3p
-1.4
-0.6
10.4
28.8
-25.9
-25.5e
-28.5
3.2
-5.3
-7.7p
-8.5p
21.5
7.7
13.4
-9.4
1.2
-14.1
19.9
-7.7
-13.3
-17.0
-9.4
-3.3
6.9
9.4
1.5

2014
2.9
-2.7p
1.0
4.9
10.0
35.0
3.4
-27.1e
-22.3
-4.0
-6.9
-12.4p
-8.7p
16.6
7.5
14.2
-2.2
5.3
-11.6
16.8
-6.8
-5.0
-7.3
-17.6
-0.4
3.2
16.8
11.2

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) e = Eurostat estimates for ES, CY, LV, LT, MT; e = NSI estimates for BG, CZ, PL, RO; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

2.3p
2.0bp
6.6p
15.3
11.4
34.5
30.7
-21.7e
-5.6
-4.9
-8.2
-12.2p
-4.6bp
 9.5
11.7
15.5
13.0
6.2p
-1.9
14.2
-2.0
 5.4
 0.5
-10.8
 7.8
 0.8
30.5
17.4

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.40: Residential construction (% of GDP) 

Residential Construction tracks the actual construction (not sales) of housing and is part of Gross fixed capital formation. GFCF consists of resident producers' acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during a given period
plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of producer or institutional units. Data source from National accounts statistics, using as a denominator GDP from the ESA 2010
transmission programme. 

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
6.2
5.6
3.5
6.8
5.2
6.7
13.5
10.0
12.1p
6.5
na
5.7
11.9
5.2
2.5
2.9
3.7
7.0
6.2
4.2
3.4
5.6
1.8
3.9
2.4
6.6
4.1
3.7

2007
6.3
5.0
4.1
6.5
5.1
6.1
11.1
10.8
11.7p
6.7
na
5.8
12.3
7.2
2.8
3.8
4.0
7.4
6.3
4.2
3.7
5.2
2.4
4.2
2.5
6.5
4.3
3.7

2008
6.5
5.8
4.0
5.4
5.0
4.3
8.2
8.1
10.4p
6.8
na
5.8
12.1
6.1
3.4
4.1
4.1
5.6
6.2
4.3
3.8
4.7
3.1
4.6
2.5
5.9
3.9
3.6

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2009
6.1
4.7
3.8
4.2
5.1
3.1
4.7
6.5
8.1p
6.3
na
5.6
9.8
2.4
3.3
3.4
4.2
4.3
5.6
4.4
3.4
4.1
2.9
3.8
3.0
5.2
3.3
3.0

2010
6.1
2.7
4.1
3.7
5.2
2.7
3.0
5.0
6.9p
6.3
na
5.6
8.1
1.6
2.1
2.9
3.1
3.4
4.7
4.4
3.2
3.6
2.9
3.1
2.6
6.1
3.6
3.1

2011
5.8
2.2
3.7
4.3
5.6
2.7
2.3
4.6p
5.7p
6.4
na
5.3
6.2
1.9
2.0
3.0
2.2
3.4
4.2
4.4
3.0
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.4
6.3
3.9
3.2

2012
5.9
1.7
3.7
4.1
5.8
2.9
1.8
3.1p
4.9p
6.2
na
5.0
4.9
2.3
1.9
3.2
2.0
3.0
3.5
4.3
3.2
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.3
6.3
3.4
3.1

2013
5.7
1.7
3.2
4.0
5.8
3.4
2.0
2.2p
4.1p
6.1
na
4.8
4.1
2.2
2.2
3.3
1.8
2.8
3.0
4.4
3.0
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.7
6.0
3.5
3.2

2014
5.9
1.6
3.4
4.1
5.9
3.9
2.3
1.0p
4.3p
6.0p
na
4.5
4.1
2.5
2.5
2.9
2.1
2.6
3.0
4.3
3.0
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.6
5.5
4.0
3.6

2015
5.8
1.4
3.4
4.0
5.9
4.4
1.9
0.7p
4.4p
5.8p
na
4.4
4.3p
1.8
2.8
3.9
1.9
3.4
3.7p
4.3
3.1
2.5e
na
2.3
2.3
5.5
4.5
3.7

84 

 
 
 
Table 3.41: Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

The private sector debt is the stock of liabilities held by the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S11) and Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S14_S15). The instruments taken into account are Debt
securities (F3) and Loans (F4). Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. taking into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP. The indicator is based on National accounts data.
Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010 transmission programme.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
157.4
97.1
58.0
210.3
121.2
146.8
192.3
92.9
192.4
147.0
101.4
105.0
263.3
106.1
64.5
233.5
96.1
173.0
221.7
137.0
49.9
187.6
67.2
89.3
52.5
140.7
172.3
172.6

2007
168.6
125.0
61.8
220.5
117.2
152.4
200.8
101.8
205.5
150.5
111.6
112.7
270.0
116.1
80.7
455.5
109.8
174.5
220.9
141.3
56.8
196.7
106.1
104.0
61.2
145.2
190.9
176.9

2008
189.7
136.8
67.9
231.9
116.4
161.6
254.9
113.4
209.3
157.4
120.3
116.3
289.5
120.7
81.9
380.7
120.2
190.7
222.2
143.6
69.7
208.2
112.9
114.6
66.1
156.6
217.9
188.8

2009
199.1
143.9
71.1
241.8
120.1
167.2
281.8
116.8
214.3
165.2
133.3
125.0
310.9
145.5
86.7
449.4
132.2
211.3
242.5
146.2
69.5
217.0
120.8
124.1
71.1
165.9
235.2
190.1

2010
187.6
142.3
72.7
234.3
114.1
152.5
282.6
128.1
215.7
165.4
143.8
125.8
320.6
151.1
78.3
387.3
130.3
214.1
243.9
148.3
72.7
215.9
74.9
125.3
69.6
170.0
222.0
181.7

2011
197.2
133.5
74.3
234.3
109.7
132.6
295.2
130.2
214.0
171.6
142.7
125.3
327.3
131.6
68.5
396.4
129.9
219.9
245.3
146.2
76.6
220.0
73.9
125.3
73.2
169.2
226.4
177.8

2012
203.1
134.8
77.0
235.3
109.9
129.2
306.6
131.5
206.6
175.9
143.1
127.3
329.8
119.6
64.9
414.4
119.1
215.6
243.7
146.1
76.6
231.6
72.7
124.6
73.7
172.6
228.7
178.5

2013
205.5
142.5
84.3
230.2
110.5
127.5
290.8
129.2
197.1
174.5
143.9
124.8
342.4
110.5
61.5
394.6
111.5
208.0
238.9
147.7
78.7
220.6
67.7
119.4
77.0
177.1
231.1
171.3

2014
212.4
136.8
80.6
227.7
106.9
130.1
306.2
128.5
185.4
181.9
142.2
123.5
355.6
104.6
57.2
401.3
107.8
211.0
238.1
144.2
81.8
208.2
63.1
108.1
80.3
177.6
233.2
163.5

Flags: p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
218.8
121.5
77.0
218.9
106.1
130.9
323.6
126.4
173.1
183.3
140.2
120.1
354.9
97.6
57.5
425.1
99.1
204.7
236.3p
145.1
83.4
195.9
61.2
96.0
83.7
182.8
234.9
161.1

85 

 
 
 
Table 3.42: Financial sector leverage (debt-to-equity), non-consolidated (%) 

The Financial sector leverage (debt-to-equity ratio) indicator shows the relative proportion of debt used to finance assets to shareholders' equity. It is obtained as the ratio of the sum of Currency and deposits, Debt securities,
Loans, Financial derivatives and employee stock options to Equity and investment fund shares. The indicator is based on National accounts data.

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
195.0
169.1
657.7
176.8
494.0
412.5
178.8
287.5
337.2
232.0
370.3
253.4
397.6
1083.8
729.3
60.1
141.2
61.7
224.8
211.7
218.3
201.9
503.8
492.5
1211.0
226.9
197.5
709.4

2007
194.2
215.0
640.4
204.7
515.8
397.5
190.1
308.2
403.6
293.0
239.3
353.3
360.1
1007.6
774.3
57.3
117.3
49.0
218.2
204.4
213.0
216.5
510.7
447.4
998.4
251.8
220.1
865.3

2008
236.5
431.9
749.9
316.4
758.1
433.4
276.7
1196.7
615.8
414.3
479.9
764.1
127.6
985.8
1008.0
69.0
136.3
50.4
219.2
289.9
409.9
266.0
674.2
680.5
1148.8
451.4
378.5
1749.0

2009
200.6
385.9
638.4
248.9
602.7
463.7
231.9
954.9
571.4
338.3
482.3
694.4
147.6
831.3
783.0
55.0
136.9
50.4
171.9
237.1
341.4
267.1
560.8
666.2
1141.3
423.5
280.3
995.6

2010
189.7
439.5
560.0
217.5
563.2
397.9
182.9
1683.0
644.8
348.8
459.4
905.2
121.3
795.3
605.9
47.0
121.0
46.2
160.9
228.9
300.3
296.8
530.6
654.6
986.2
408.4
239.3
959.3

2011
191.3
413.0
624.5
209.5
601.7
398.6
150.1
3047.9
702.5
454.9
491.7
1220.6
138.0
690.8
616.2
56.5
130.2
41.2
152.1
245.0
366.0
408.7
526.1
737.8
970.3
616.7
268.6
1141.8

2012
199.0
438.4
540.6
208.5
521.8
369.5
121.0
1007.2
774.9
405.6
455.6
1237.7
103.0
684.2
616.7
59.9
120.4
39.3
137.1
220.0
308.7
388.1
433.2
740.1
836.4
520.3
238.9
959.0

Flags: p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2013
189.8
450.2
532.0
190.0
423.6
296.0
92.5
849.4
590.3
372.0
487.9
939.7
91.0
609.8
578.1
57.0
126.9
38.8
127.7
204.5
274.9
364.9
432.1
594.0
752.9
365.1
206.3
794.9

2014
180.6
429.7
498.7
172.3
397.2
308.9
84.0
1030.0
477.5
387.8
465.7
784.0
98.9
642.6
439.1
54.5
127.2
41.9
127.9
196.4
285.8
361.2
402.0
449.2
765.8
357.5
196.3
749.9

2015
176.5
494.3
516.4
159.9
368.0
366.1
80.6
1359.6
468.4
356.6
427.0
657.3
85.0
625.4
467.9
53.9
114.1
37.1
129.7p
186.7
305.9
372.0
391.5
402.6
831.7
299.4
184.5
628.3

86 

 
 
 
Table 3.43: Employment rate (1 year % change) 

Persons in employment are those who, during the reference week, did any work for pay or profit, or were not working but had a job from which they were temporarily absent. Anyone who receives a wage for on-the-job training
that involves the production of goods or services is also considered as being in employment. Self-employed and family workers are also included. Data present employment in resident production units irrespective of the place of
residence of the employed person (i.e. domestic scope). Employment rates represent employed persons aged 15-64, as a percentage of the same age population and it is measured in number of persons without distinction
according to full-time or part-time work. Data are sourcing from National accounts statistics.

2006
1.1
3.3
1.3
2.2
0.8
4.9
4.6
1.8
4.2p
1.1
3.9
2.0
1.9
5.8
-0.3
3.8
0.4
1.5
2.2
1.7
3.2
0.4
0.7
1.6
2.1
1.8
1.7
1.0
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

2007
1.7
3.2
2.1
2.2
1.7
0.2
4.4
1.3
3.3p
1.4
9.7
1.2
4.4
3.8
2.0
4.4
0.1
2.2
3.0
1.8
4.5
0.0
0.4
3.4
2.1
2.1
2.3
0.8

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2008
1.8
2.4
2.2
1.1
1.3
-0.2
-0.6
1.3
0.2p
0.5
3.8
0.2
3.5
-0.8
-1.3
4.8
-2.0
2.5
1.6
1.9
3.8
0.4
0.0
2.6
3.2
2.2
0.9
0.8

2009
-0.2
-1.7
-1.8
-3.0
0.1
-10.2
-7.8
-0.6
-6.3p
-1.1
-0.7
-1.7
0.0
-14.3
-7.7
1.0
-2.5
0.0
-0.9
-0.4
0.4
-2.7
-2.0
-1.8
-2.0
-2.4
-2.4
-1.6

2010
0.6
-3.9
-1.0
-2.3
0.3
-4.9
-4.1
-2.6
-1.7p
0.1
-3.8
-0.6
0.5
-6.7
-5.3
1.8
-1.1
1.7
-0.7
0.7
-2.7b
-1.4
-0.3
-2.1
-1.5
-0.7
1.0
0.2

2011
1.4
-2.2
-0.3
-0.1
1.4
6.5
-0.5b
-6.9p
-2.7p
0.8
-3.9
0.3
0.0
1.5
0.5
3.0
0.0
2.9
0.9
1.6
0.6
-1.9
-0.8
-1.7
1.8
1.3
2.1
0.5

2012
0.4
-2.5p
0.4
-0.6
1.2
1.6
-0.6
-6.3p
-4.0p
0.3
-3.5
-0.3
-3.2
1.4
1.8
2.4
0.2
2.5
-0.2
1.0
0.1
-4.1
-4.8b
-0.9
0.1
0.9
0.7
1.1

2013
-0.3
-0.4p
0.3
0.1
0.6
1.2
2.5
-2.6p
-2.6p
0.3
-2.7
-1.8
-5.9
2.3
1.3
1.8
1.1
3.7
-1.2
0.3
-0.1
-2.9
-0.9
-1.1
-0.8
-0.7
1.0
1.2

2014
0.4
0.4p
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.7
0.0p
0.9p
0.5p
2.7
0.1
-1.9p
-1.3
2.0
2.6
4.8
5.1
-0.2p
0.9
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.4
1.4
-0.5
1.4
2.4

2015
 0.9
0.4p
 1.4
 1.1
 0.9
 2.9
 2.5
0.5p
2.5p
0.5p
 1.5
 0.6
0.8p
 1.3
 1.3
 2.6
 2.6
 3.4
0.9p
 0.6
1.4p
1.4e
-0.9p
 1.1
 2.0
-0.4
 1.5
 1.8

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.44: Young people neither in employment nor in education and training - % of total population aged 15-24 

The indicator young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET) provides information on young people aged 15 to 24 who meet the following two conditions: (a) they are not employed (i.e. unemployed or
inactive according to the International Labour Organisation definition) and (b) they have not received any education or training in the four weeks preceding the survey. Data are expressed as a percentage of the total population in
the same age group, excluding the respondents who have not answered the question 'participation to education and training'. Data come from the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
11.2b
22.2b
9.2b
3.6
9.6
8.8
10.1b
12.0b
11.8b
11.3
14.2b
16.8b
10.7b
11.5b
8.3b
6.7b
12.4b
10.3b
4.0b
7.8b
12.6
10.6b
14.8b
8.5b
14.4b
7.7
9.3b
8.6

2007
11.2
19.1
6.9
4.3b
8.9
8.9
10.8b
11.3
12.0
10.7
12.9
16.1
9.0
11.9
7.1
5.7b
11.5
11.5
3.5
7.4b
10.6
11.2
13.3
6.7
12.5
7.0
7.5b
11.9b

2008
10.1
17.4b
6.7
4.3
8.4b
8.7
15.0
11.4b
14.3
10.5
11.6
16.6
9.7
11.8
8.8
6.2
11.5
8.3
3.4
7.4
9.0b
10.2
11.6
6.5
11.1
7.8
7.8b
12.1b

2009
11.1
19.5
8.5
5.4
8.8
14.5b
18.6b
12.4b
18.1
12.7
13.4
17.6
9.9b
17.5
12.1
5.8b
13.6
9.9
4.1
8.2
10.1
11.2
13.9
7.5
12.5
9.9
9.6
13.2

2010
10.9
21.0b
8.8
6.0
8.3b
14.0
19.2
14.8
17.8
12.7
15.7
19.0
11.7
17.8
13.2
5.1
12.6
9.5
4.3b
7.4
10.8b
11.4
16.6b
7.1
14.1
9.0
7.7
13.6

2011
11.8b
21.8
8.3b
6.3
7.5b
11.6
18.8
17.4
18.2
12.3
16.2
19.7
14.6
16.0
11.8
4.7
13.2
10.2
4.3
7.3
11.5
12.6b
17.5
7.1
13.8b
8.4
7.5
14.2

2012
12.3
21.5
8.9
6.6
7.1
12.2
18.7
20.2
18.6
12.5
16.6
21.0
16.0
14.9
11.2
5.9
14.8
10.6
4.9
6.8
11.8
13.9
16.8
9.3
13.8
8.6
7.8
13.9

2013
12.7
21.6
9.1b
6.0
6.3
11.3
16.1
20.4
18.6
11.2b
19.6
22.2
18.7
13.0
11.1
5.0
15.5
9.9
5.6b
7.3
12.2b
14.1
17.0
9.2
13.7
9.3
7.5
13.2

2014
12.0
20.2
8.1
5.8
6.4
11.7
15.2
19.1
17.1b
11.4b
19.3
22.1
17.0
12.0
9.9
6.3
13.6
10.5
5.5
7.7
12.0
12.3
17.0
9.4
12.8
10.2
7.2
11.9

Flags: b: break in time series. 

Note: 1) ES: for 2014 - change in the classification of non-formal education activities, FR: 2014 data are further impacted from the changes in the questionnaire introduced in 2013 and inclusion of French overseas departments (DROM).
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015
12.2
19.3
7.5
6.2
6.2
10.8
14.3
17.2
15.6
12.0
18.5
21.4
15.3
10.5
9.2
6.2b
11.6b
10.4
4.7
7.5
11.0
11.3
18.1
9.5
13.7
10.6
6.7
11.1

88 

 
 
 
 
Table 3.45: People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of total population 

This indicator corresponds to the sum of persons who are: at risk of poverty or severely materially deprived or living in households with very low work intensity. Persons are only counted once even if they are present in several
sub-indicators. At risk-of-poverty are persons with an equivalised disposable income below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60 % of the national median equivalised disposable income (after social transfers). Material
deprivation covers indicators relating to economic strain and durables. Severely materially deprived persons have living conditions severely constrained by a lack of resources, they experience at least 4 out of 9 deprivations
items. People living in households with very low work intensity are those aged 0-59 living in households where the adults (aged 18-59) work less than 20% of their total work potential during the past year. Students are excluded.
The source of the data is EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
21.5
61.3
18.0
16.7
20.2
22.0
23.3
29.3
24.0
18.8
na
25.9
25.4
42.2
35.9
16.5
31.4
19.5
16.0
17.8
39.5
25.0
na
17.1
26.7
17.1
16.3
23.7

2007
21.6
60.7
15.8
16.8
20.6
22.0
23.1
28.3
23.3
19.0
na
26.0
25.2
35.1
28.7
15.9
29.4
19.7
15.7
16.7
34.4
25.0
47.0
17.1
21.4
17.4
13.9
22.6

2008
20.8
44.8b
15.3
16.3
20.1
21.8
23.7
28.1
23.8b
18.5b
na
25.5
23.3b
34.2b
28.3
15.5
28.2
20.1
14.9
20.6b
30.5b
26.0
44.2
18.5
20.6
17.4
14.9
23.2

2009
20.2
46.2
14.0
17.6
20.0
23.4
25.7
27.6
24.7
18.5
na
24.9
23.5
37.9
29.6
17.8
29.6
20.3
15.1
19.1
27.8
24.9
43.0
17.1
19.6
16.9
15.9
22.0

2010
20.8
49.2
14.4
18.3
19.7
21.7
27.3
27.7
26.1
19.2
31.1
25.0
24.6
38.2
34.0
17.1
29.9
21.2
15.1
18.9
27.8
25.3
41.5
18.3
20.6
16.9
15.0
23.2

2011
21.0
49.1
15.3
17.6b
19.9
23.1
29.4
31.0
26.7
19.3
32.6
28.1
24.6
40.1
33.1
16.8
31.5
22.1
15.7
19.2
27.2
24.4
40.9
19.3
20.6
17.9
16.1
22.7

2012
21.6
49.3
15.4
17.5
19.6
23.4
30.0
34.6
27.2
19.1
32.6
29.9
27.1
36.2
32.5
18.4
33.5
23.1
15.0
18.5
26.7
25.3
43.2
19.6
20.5
17.2
15.6
24.1b

2013
20.8
48.0
14.6
18.3
20.3
23.5
29.5
35.7
27.3
18.1
29.9
28.5
27.8
35.1
30.8
19.0
34.8
24.0
15.9
18.8
25.8
27.5
41.9
20.4
19.8
16.0
16.4
24.8

2014
21.2
40.1b
14.8
17.9
20.6
26.0b
27.6
36.0
29.2
18.5
29.3
28.3
27.4
32.7
27.3
19.0
31.8
23.8
16.5
19.2
24.7
27.5
39.5p
20.4
18.4
17.3
16.9
24.1

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) IE: Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on People at risk of poverty or social exclusion is 30 November 2016, while data were extracted on 24 October 2016.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

21.1
41.3
14.0
17.7
20.0
24.2
 na
35.7
28.6
17.7
29.1
28.7
28.9
30.9
29.3
18.5
28.2
22.4
16.8p
18.3
23.4
26.6
37.3
19.2
18.4
16.8
16.0
23.5

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.46: People at risk of poverty after social transfers - % of total population 

The indicator measures persons with an equivalised disposable income below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60 % of the national median equivalised disposable income (after social transfers) as a % of total
population. Data are expressed in percent of total population. The source of the data is EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
14.7
18.4
9.9
11.7
12.5
18.3
18.5
20.5
20.3
13.2
na
19.3
15.6
23.5
20.0
14.1
15.9
14.2
9.7
12.6
19.1
18.5
na
11.6
11.6
12.6
12.3
19.0

2007
15.2
22.0
9.6
11.7
15.2
19.4
17.2
20.3
19.7
13.1
na
19.5
15.5
21.2
19.1
13.5
12.3
15.1
10.2
12.0
17.3
18.1
24.6
11.5
10.6
13.0
10.5
18.6

2008
14.7
21.4
9.0
11.8
15.2
19.5
15.5
20.1
19.8b
12.5b
na
18.9
15.9b
25.9
20.9
13.4
12.4
15.3
10.5
15.2b
16.9
18.5
23.6
12.3
10.9
13.6
12.2
18.7

2009
14.6
21.8
8.6
13.1
15.5
19.7
15.0
19.7
20.4
12.9
na
18.4
15.8
26.4
20.3
14.9
12.4
14.9
11.1
14.5
17.1
17.9
22.1
11.3
11.0
13.8
13.3
17.3

2010
14.6
20.7
9.0
13.3
15.6
15.8
15.2
20.1
20.7
13.3
20.6b
18.7
15.6
20.9
20.5
14.5
12.3
15.5
10.3
14.7
17.6
17.9
21.6
12.7
12.0
13.1
12.9
17.1

2011
15.3
22.2
9.8
12.1b
15.8
17.5
15.2
21.4
20.6
14.0
20.9
19.8
14.8
19.0
19.2
13.6
14.1
15.6
11.0
14.5
17.7
18.0
22.3
13.6
13.0
13.7
14.0
16.2

2012
15.3
21.2
9.6
12.0
16.1
17.5
15.7
23.1
20.8
14.1
20.4
19.5
14.7
19.2
18.6
15.1
14.3
15.1
10.1
14.4
17.1
17.9
22.9
13.5
13.2
13.2
14.1
16.0b

2013
15.1
21.0
8.6
11.9
16.1
18.6
14.1
23.1
20.4
13.7
19.5
19.3
15.3
19.4
20.6
15.9
15.0
15.7
10.4
14.4
17.3
18.7
23.0
14.5
12.8
11.8
14.8
15.9

2014
15.5
21.8
9.7
12.1
16.7
21.8b
15.6
22.1
22.2
13.3
19.4
19.4
14.4
21.2
19.1
16.4
15.0
15.9
11.6
14.1
17.0
19.5
25.4p
14.5
12.6
12.8
15.1
16.8

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) IE: Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on People at risk of poverty or social exclusion is 30 November 2016, while data were extracted on 24 October 2016.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

14.9
22.0
 9.7
12.2
16.7
21.6
 na
21.4
22.1
13.6
20.0
19.9
16.2
22.5
22.2
15.3
14.9
16.3
12.1p
13.9
17.6
19.5
25.4
14.3
12.3
12.4
14.5
16.7

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.47: Severely materially deprived people - % of total population 

Severely materially deprived persons have living conditions severely constrained by a lack of resources. They experience a lack of at least 4 out of the 9 following deprivations items: i) to pay rent or utility bills, ii) keep home
adequately warm, iii) face unexpected expenses, iv) eat meat, fish or a protein equivalent every second day, v) a week holiday away from home, vi) a car, vii) a washing machine, viii) a colour TV, or ix) a telephone. Data are
expressed in percentage of total population. The source of the data is EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
6.4
57.7
9.6
3.1
5.1
7.0
4.8
11.5
4.1
5.0
na
6.4
12.6
31.3
25.3
1.1
20.9
3.9
2.3
3.6
27.6
9.1
na
5.1
18.2
3.3
2.1
4.5

2007
5.7
57.6
7.4
3.3
4.8
5.6
4.5
11.5
3.5
4.7
na
7.0
13.3
24.0
16.6
0.8
19.9
4.4
1.7
3.3
22.3
9.6
38.0
5.1
13.7
3.6
2.2
4.2

2008
5.6
41.2
6.8
2.0
5.5
4.9
5.5
11.2
3.6
5.4
na
7.5
9.1
19.3
12.5
0.7
17.9
4.3
1.5
5.9
17.7
9.7
32.7
6.7
11.8
3.5
1.4
4.5

2009
5.2
41.9
6.1
2.3
5.4
6.2
6.1
11.0
4.5
5.6
na
7.3
9.5
22.1
15.6
1.1
20.3
5.0
1.4
4.6
15.0
9.1
32.1
6.1
11.1
2.8
1.6
3.3u

2010
5.9
45.7
6.2
2.7
4.5
9.0
5.7
11.6
4.9
5.8
14.3
7.4
11.2
27.6
19.9
0.5
21.6
6.5
2.2
4.3
14.2
9.0
30.5
5.9
11.4
2.8
1.3
4.8

2011
5.7
43.6
6.1
2.3
5.3
8.7
7.8
15.2
4.5
5.2
15.2
11.1
11.7
31.0
19.0
1.2
23.4
6.6
2.5
4.0
13.0
8.3
29.5
6.1
10.6
3.2
1.2
5.1

2012
6.3
44.1
6.6
2.7
4.9
9.4
9.8
19.5
5.8
5.3
15.9
14.5
15.0
25.6
19.8
1.3
26.3
9.2
2.3
4.0
13.5
8.6
31.1
6.6
10.5
2.9
1.3
7.8

2013
5.1
43.0
6.6
3.6
5.4
7.6
9.9
20.3
6.2
4.9
14.7
12.3
16.1
24.0
16.0
1.8
27.8
9.5
2.5
4.2
11.9
10.9
29.8
6.7
10.2
2.5
1.4
8.3

2014
5.9
33.1
6.7
3.2
5.0
6.2
8.4
21.5
7.1
4.8
13.9
11.6
15.3
19.2
13.6
1.4
24.0
10.2
3.2
4.0
10.4
10.6
25.0p
6.6
9.9
2.8
0.7
7.4

Flags: p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 

Note: 1) IE: Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on People at risk of poverty or social exclusion is 30 November 2016, while data were extracted on 24 October 2016.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

5.8p
34.2
 5.6
 3.7
 4.4
 4.5
 na
22.2p
6.4p
 4.5
13.7
11.5
15.4
16.4
13.9
 2.0
19.4
 8.1
2.5p
 3.6
 8.1
9.6p
22.7
 5.8
 9.0
2.2p
 0.7
 6.1

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3.48: People living in households with very low work intensity - % of total population aged 0-59 

People living in households with very low work intensity are people aged 0-59 living in households where the adults (aged 18-59) worked less than 20% of their total work potential during the past year. Students are excluded.
Data are expressed in percent of population aged 0-59. The source of the data is EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC).

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK

2006
14.3
14.7
8.9
9.6
13.6
7.1
12.9
8.1
6.4
9.1
na
11.3
3.8
7.1
8.3
5.2
13.1
9.7
10.9
8.1
12.4
6.6
na
6.9
6.2
9.1
6.8
12.0

2007
13.8
16.0
8.6
10.1
11.5
6.2
14.3
8.1
6.8
9.6
na
10.2
3.7
6.2
6.4
5.0
11.3
9.6
9.7
8.2
10.1
7.2
9.9
7.3
6.4
8.8
6.0
10.4

2008
11.7
8.1b
7.2
8.5
11.7
5.3
13.7
7.5
6.6
8.8
na
10.4
4.5b
5.4
6.1
4.7
12.0
8.6
8.2
7.4b
8.0
6.3
8.5
6.7
5.2
7.5
5.5
10.4

2009
12.3
6.9
6.0
8.8
10.9
5.6
20.0
6.6
7.6
8.4
na
9.2
4.0
7.4
7.2
6.3
11.3
9.2
8.5
7.1
6.9
7.0
8.1
5.6
5.6
8.4
6.4
12.7

2010
12.7
8.0
6.4
10.6
11.2
9.0
22.9
7.6
10.8
9.9
13.9
10.6
4.9
12.6
9.5
5.5
11.9
9.2
8.4
7.8
7.3
8.6
7.7
7.0
7.9
9.3
6.0
13.2

2011
13.8
11.0
6.6
10.5
11.2
10.0
24.2
12.0
13.4
9.4
15.9
10.5
4.9
12.6
12.7
5.8
12.8
8.9
8.9
8.6
6.9
8.3
7.3
7.6
7.7
10.0
6.9
11.5

2012
13.9
12.5
6.8
10.2
9.9
9.1
23.4
14.2
14.3
8.4
16.8
10.6
6.5
11.7
11.4
6.1
13.5
9.0
8.9
7.7
6.9
10.1
7.9
7.5
7.2
9.3
5.7
13.0b

2013
14.0
13.0
6.9
11.9
9.9
8.4
23.9
18.2
15.7
8.1
14.8
11.3
7.9
10.0
11.0
6.6
13.6
9.0
9.3
7.8
7.2
12.2
7.6
8.0
7.6
9.0
7.1
13.2

2014
14.6
12.1
7.6
12.2
10.0
7.6b
21.1
17.2
17.1
9.6
14.7
12.1
9.7
9.6
8.8
6.1
12.8
9.8
10.2
9.1
7.3
12.2
6.4p
8.7
7.1
10.0
6.4
12.3

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) IE: Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on People at risk of poverty or social exclusion is 30 November 2016, while data were extracted on 24 October 2016.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2015

14.9
11.6
 6.8
11.6
 9.8
 6.6
 na
16.8
15.4
 8.6
14.4
11.7
10.9
 7.8
 9.2
 5.7
 9.4
 9.2
10.2
 8.2
 6.9
10.9
 7.9
 7.4
 7.1
10.8
 5.8
11.9

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chapter 4: Tables by Member States - Headline indicators 

Table 4.1: The MIP scoreboard for Belgium 

Belgium

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

0.5

-13.9

2.5

6.4

5.0

0.2

-6.7

5.2

4.8

3.4

-11.0

9.0

1.2

16.8

17.0

3.9

-8.9

10.1

-0.1

6.2

-0.1

60.9

-1.6

-7.2

5.3

1.0

-0.1

65.2

0.5

-11.1

7.5

1.4

3.2

0.2

51.8

-4.2

-0.5

51.9

-0.2

-0.3

-0.2

59.4

61.3

-0.6

-1.2

-14.9

-12.4

-12.1

-11.3

5.6

0.2

8.6

0.3

9.4

5.5

1.5

-1.3

1.3p

0.9

4.5

21.3

14.4

122.7

134.4

162.2

164.7

161.6

174.1

186.7

163.8

163.5

166.3

91.0

87.0

92.5

99.5

99.7

102.3

104.1

105.4

106.5

105.8

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

2.4

2.0

1.0

0.0

34.4

33.6

51.8

57.5

d
n
a
s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

11.1

14.9

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

1.6

0.5

-1.3

1.2

-0.3

-2.4

Flags: p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

8.4

8.1

7.6

-1.8

0.4

-1.1

-3.5

7.5

-1.4

0.4

-0.7

1.4

7.7

-0.5

0.6

0.2

3.6

7.8

7.4

-0.4

0.2

0.7

7.7

-6.3

0.0

-0.1

-2.1

7.7

-1.3

-0.2

-0.1

1.3

8.2

3.5

1.0

0.8

4.5

8.5

-1.0

 0.7

1.0

2.3

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.2: The MIP scoreboard for Bulgaria 

Bulgaria

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

2015

 0.6

-11.7

-17.5

-21.0

-18.1

-10.7

-3.2

-0.7

0.3

0.2

-28.9

-39.4

-48.0

-49.7

-91.9

-82.8

-77.9

-73.3

-75.2

-60.0

9.2

43.3

10.2

9.9

45.7

16.7

18.5

35.6

25.5

18.3

19.4

34.6

9.7

8.3

1.9

11.6

-4.0

-0.3

-1.0

0.6

-2.8

-4.1

6.0

12.8

29.5

17.7

12.2p

15.6p

18.0p

14.9p

12.3p

18.4p

17.6p

-21.0p

-12.3p

-8.7p

-5.3p

0.4p

1.5p

1.6bp

28.0

41.2

33.3

4.7

3.7

1.4

3.0

7.2

-1.1

-0.3

91.2

123.4

131.4

133.8

132.5

124.2

125.0

131.9

123.6

110.5

21.0

10.4

51.9

3.6

8.7

29.3

4.5

16.3

13.0

13.7

15.3

15.2

7.2

-0.8

5.7

-3.1

-9.1

6.4

1.3

2.7

-2.1

-3.2

7.6i

-5.4

9.5

5.4

0.4b

-1.9b

16.7

11.3

10.2

-0.1

0.7

7.8i

3.4

3.9

13.1

13.0

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-3.9

-3.1

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-8.3

-10.2

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

17.0

12.2

4.3

1.7

2.7

6.5

27.0

12.2

5.6

3.1

0.6

-1.2

26.0

11.2

 7.0

 2.2

-1.2

-6.5

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.3: The MIP scoreboard for Czech Republic 

Czech Republic

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-2.4

-2.5

-2.8

-2.8

-2.6

-2.7

-2.4

-1.4

-0.6

-30.9

-37.0

-38.2

-44.0

-46.1

-45.2

-45.9

-41.4

-36.6

-30.7

2015

 0.2

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-0.1

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

10.2

57.8

2.6

12.6

58.5

2.6

5.7e

15.9e

8.7

53.0

27.9

7.8

3.6

0.1

0.1

9.2

57.5

27.8

6.8

15.5

-0.1

-1.4

-9.7

23.3

53.1

6.8

7.8e

9.1

63.7

28.7

5.6

6.2

-0.7

-2.0

-9.4

13.7

27.3

9.1

-4.7

0.7

66.0

34.1

5.5

2.4

-0.2

-1.9

-0.9

12.0

11.7

6.2

-2.3

2.7

68.1

38.2

6.1

3.1

0.3

0.2

7.6

-0.6

7.9

3.2

-1.3

2.1

68.3

39.8

6.9

3.5

0.8b

0.5

8.2

0.4

-3.8

3.5

-3.5

2.9

70.7

44.5

7.0

5.2

1.5

1.0

2.9

-3.1

-9.1

4.2

-0.8

4.4

73.7

44.9

6.9

11.4

2.7

0.0

0.6

-10.0

-8.0

-5.7

 0.1

4.0

1.8

1.7

71.5

42.2

6.7

5.2

3.0

0.0

-2.2

0.5

3.9p

0.9

68.6

40.3

6.1

 7.7

 2.4

-0.6

-6.9

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.4: The MIP scoreboard for Denmark 

Denmark

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

3.0

-5.8

-1.3

na

9.9

0.9

na

-0.3

-1.6

na

4.3

21.4

23.8

2.6

-5.1

2.1

na

2.6

0.9

5.5

na

4.3

12.9

0.2

5.6

28.0

-2.5

6.5

36.3

-7.8

6.9

37.8

-2.6

2015

 8.8

7.7

52.5

39.0

-1.2

-1.5

-10.3

-13.4

-17.1

-17.2

-15.7

-8.8

13.7

17.1

10.3

-7.9

-13.1

17.1

18.8

-1.9

0.3

-2.9

4.4

-4.0

4.5

0.6

-5.0

8.0

2.9

3.1

4.1

3.0

4.9

 6.3

-4.2

-0.2

-3.3

199.9

208.4

222.8

233.3

222.1

222.6

225.5

218.5

218.8

212.8

31.5

4.7i

11.9

1.1

-0.3

-1.5i

27.3

33.4

40.4

42.9

46.4

45.2

44.7

44.8

40.4

4.2

10.2

0.0

-0.6

-0.7

3.7

0.0

0.9

-0.6

-0.6

4.4

5.6

-0.4

-0.2

4.1

5.6

9.7

7.0

1.6

7.5

2.5

7.4

1.8

7.0

6.8

6.6

-2.0

-0.7

-1.4

-1.6

-1.3

-1.2

-0.1

0.9

6.4

1.3

6.2

1.5

2.3

0.3

-0.9

-0.1

-1.6

-0.4

-3.3

Flags: i: see metadata. na: not available. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

96 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.5: The MIP scoreboard for Germany 

Germany

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

4.9

5.7

6.0

6.0

5.7

5.8

19.8

18.7

18.2

25.0

25.7

23.2

-1.5

2.0

-2.9

-1.5

1.0

-1.5

2.1

-2.9

-3.7

2.2

0.9

-4.5

-0.1

-0.3

0.5

2.9

-6.5

8.1

1.2

-0.9

-3.7

-7.5

7.5

-0.9

0.0

-4.9

-8.8

5.7

1.4

1.6

6.2

28.0

-9.0

6.6

33.8

-1.9

-16.0

-11.9

2.7

2.0

1.2

5.9

2.0

1.7

114.1

110.9

109.8

113.1

106.6

102.7

102.1

102.8

66.5

10.6

4.8

2.8

0.8

2.1

63.7

65.1

72.6

81.0

78.7

79.9

77.5

9.9

8.2

3.0

-0.6

-1.9

8.7

4.6

2.1

-2.0

-5.0

7.8

-6.4

1.4

-2.2

-2.5

7.3

-1.1

6.8

2.9

1.1b

1.4b

-1.6

-2.0

-1.1

-1.9

6.1

3.3

0.9

-1.1

-3.1

5.5

-6.1

0.9

-1.0

-2.0

Flags: b: break in time series. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2005 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2005 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

2015

 7.5

7.0

40.2

48.7

-0.4

-8.9

7.3

2.2

0.2

99.5

74.9

5.2

4.2

0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.4

-2.8

5.7

 4.1

3.0

98.9

71.2

4.9

 2.8

 0.4

-0.4

-0.8

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.6: The MIP scoreboard for Estonia 

Estonia

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

2015

 0.9

-11.9

-12.9

-12.9

-7.1

-1.5

1.9

0.4

-0.3

-0.5

-73.3

-71.3

-75.4

-80.1

-71.2

-54.8

-51.1

-50.1

-46.7

-40.9

3.5

44.2

18.7

41.0

34.5

6.5

53.9

31.8

12.1

12.3

12.6

37.0

48.7

13.6

16.5

39.2

-16.5

-37.1

10.5

-6.0

4.6

9.7

13.8

2.1

-7.6

-0.8

24.8

-2.6

2.6

-1.1

-3.6

7.6

-1.1

3.2

6.8

3.1

10.4

8.2

7.7

4.0

4.7

21.2

10.8

13.1

4.5

6.4

 8.5

14.4

 6.8

3.3

114.0

123.0

136.7

153.2

140.4

120.4

117.8

115.9

116.7

116.6

4.4

8.0

3.7

6.2

4.5

5.3i

4.3

3.5

7.0

7.9

-7.8

1.2

0.8

6.6

11.9

-8.9

0.7

5.3

6.1

14.2

-0.6

0.5

5.4

9.7

13.0

10.4

0.8

1.8

10.2

10.3

10.5

1.2

-3.8

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

15.1

27.9

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

2.3

2.7

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-1.9

-2.9

-2.7

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-8.8

-13.8

-3.1i

15.3

22.8

10.4

-6.5

-14.2

Flags: i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2008 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2008 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

10.7

10.1

8.7

13.0

0.5

-3.8

-7.4

7.4

 8.1

 1.9

-3.1

-7.8

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Table 4.7: The MIP scoreboard for Ireland 

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Ireland

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

3.1

3.1b

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-0.1

-0.2

3 year change in pp

2 pp

0.0

0.4

-3.0

-5.1

-6.1

-6.0

-4.3

-2.8

-2.1

-0.8

0.4

4.7*

-25.8

-31.4

-95.8

-116.8

-114.9

-138.3

-137.3

-131.7

-162.1

-208.0*

2.6

-9.6

9.8

12.1

40.9

3.1

7.3

-12.0

-16.7

14.6

18.5

5.1

2.0

9.7

-5.4

-6.8

-9.6

-12.2

-10.5

-15.7

-6.5

-13.5b

-8.3

4.3

-8.4

-13.6

-11.6

-16.9

-15.2

-3.9

-7.5

4.0

1.1

-3.6

-5.9

-12.0

38.3*

-0.5

-18.1

15.1

 8.3

24.8

22.0

-4.6

2.2

16.2

-0.6

-1.4

2.5

-6.7

190.5

198.0

236.5

256.7

257.9

270.9

278.8

267.3

281.3

303.4

23.6

23.9

42.4

61.7

86.3

109.6

119.5

119.5

105.2

4.5

21.6

4.5

9.6

7.7

3.4

-1.3b

2.1

5.2

6.5

1.3

0.3

4.6

10.8

13.5

14.4

6.3

-3.2

5.4

-2.2

-2.9

6.9

14.2

-2.7

0.4

1.0

-0.8

13.0

23.1

0.6

-2.0

-5.2

-1.8

-1.4

5.5

6.4

15.3

18.5

15.8

78.6

11.3

 9.5

 0.8

-3.7

-9.5

Flags: b: break in time series. 

Note: * The level shift for 2015 is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 1) Unit labour cost: 2011 break in time series. Since the indicator is a three year % change the break affects all the following years.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.8: The MIP scoreboard for Greece 

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Greece

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

-9.4

-11.8

-13.9

-14.2

-12.9

-11.2

-8.4

-5.3

-2.5

-1.2

-82.6

-93.7

-75.8

-87.5

-99.0

-88.8

-115.9

-130.4

-132.5

-134.6

0.2

-3.9e

10.0

9.7e

16.4

-0.4

9.3

11.0

2.2e

16.2

2.3

4.8

7.4

4.8

2.9

1.8

-5.0

-4.4

-5.6

-5.5

-10.2

-14.0

-15.5

-24.7

-25.2

-18.0

-20.6

15.8

14.0

6.8p

-2.3p

-10.0p

-10.9p

-11.1p

-2.5e

-4.6e

-8.0e

-7.6e

-12.0e

-9.1e

-5.1e

-3.5e

15.5

2.2

5.5

-6.5

-5.9

-6.4

-2.8

-3.1

92.5

101.5

113.0

116.5

128.1

130.2

131.5

129.1

128.5

126.4

103.6

103.1

109.4

126.7

146.2

172.1

159.6

177.4

179.7

177.4

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

14.3

22.2

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

1.7

-0.5

-1.8

0.3

-1.4

-3.8

9.9

9.1

8.4

4.4

0.3

-1.5

-3.9

8.6

10.0

10.1

0.7b

-1.0

8.3

1.3

1.5

13.4

-3.7

0.6

5.1

18.4

23.3

26.2

26.3

-2.6

-17.2

-6.7

15.7

0.1

-0.3

0.1

 0.3

10.6

12.8

10.7

3.7

0.7

10.3

22.8

29.6

25.3

7.7

-5.5

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index: e = source NCB. 2) The level of TFSL in Greece is higher than would otherwise have been recorded, due to the improved treatment of banks' holdings of short-term debt securities issued by banks.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-7.4

-8.7

-9.3

-7.7

-5.8

-3.8

-2.4

-0.6

0.8

2015

 1.3

Table 4.9: The MIP scoreboard for Spain 

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Spain

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

20.0

16.8

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

3.1

-2.0

-4.8

2.9

-1.8

-3.9

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

-67.9

-79.6

-80.2

-93.5

-88.6

-91.9

-89.9

-94.3

-97.5

-89.9

3.1

-7.6

2.7

-4.8

5.2

-14.3

4.6

-8.8

-0.3

-11.4

-2.5

-8.2

-5.3

-0.4

-1.0

-2.9

-17.6

-10.6

-12.0

-3.5

10.0p

11.3p

13.7p

11.8p

5.7p

-1.0p

-5.1p

-4.1p

-3.5p

-0.7p

9.5e

35.0

6.3

26.4

-4.8

11.7

-5.8

-1.2

-3.7

0.9

-9.8

-3.7

-16.8

-10.1

-11.2

-10.3

0.2

-7.2

 3.8

-2.7

177.3

191.2

195.7

201.4

200.3

196.2

187.8

176.7

165.4

154.0

38.9

35.5

39.4

9.6

8.6

52.7

12.5

3.7

2.0

2.5

60.1

16.4

-2.0

1.7

5.6

69.5

19.7

2.8

1.2

6.9

85.7

22.0

2.7

1.2

6.7

9.3

3.8

2.7

-0.2

0.8

5.7

95.4

100.4

24.1

25.1

99.8

24.2

-11.6

-1.2

-2.1

4.9

19.8

23.4

21.7

15.2

14.0

0.3

4.0

7.0

 0.0

0.4

-4.6

101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.10: The MIP scoreboard for France 

France

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

0.2

-4.8

-0.5

-0.1

-8.9

-1.6

-0.4

-0.7

-13.8

-14.8

1.5

2.6

-0.9

-9.3

-2.2

-0.9

-8.7

-4.4

-1.0

-1.0

-1.1

-0.7

-12.8

-16.6

-16.9

-16.4

-7.8

-2.3

-1.3

-2.7

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

-14.9

-17.0

-18.8

-14.3

-17.2

-15.1

-18.0

-14.3

-14.1

-5.4

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

4.8

9.7

9.2

5.7

3.6b

11.2

6.5

-1.8

9.8

8.2

-4.9

3.3

7.5

3.6

4.6

5.5

3.9

6.4

4.4

-1.9

4.4

4.6

-2.6

2.1

4.6p

2.5p

-1.7

-1.3

3.0

4.4

112.6

115.6

122.2

130.5

131.8

135.3

138.5

137.7

142.4

144.3

64.4

64.3

68.0

78.9

81.6

85.2

89.5

92.3

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

15.1

12.6

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-0.1

0.5

3.2

-0.1

-0.3

-0.9

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

8.9

8.6

8.1

1.9

0.2

-0.8

-2.0

8.2

0.1

0.7

-0.5

1.6

8.6

3.3

0.6

0.5

3.8

9.2

6.7

0.2

1.0

3.7

9.4

1.2

0.4

0.7

0.8

9.8

0.4

0.8

0.5

1.6

95.3

10.1

4.2

1.3

0.6

1.6

96.2

10.3

 1.8

 0.8

0.6

0.3

102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.11: The MIP scoreboard for Croatia 

Croatia

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-1.6e

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-5.9i

2015

 2.7

-5.4

-6.4

-7.6

-7.2

-5.2

-2.4

-0.7

0.0

1.0

-73.6

-89.1

-73.8

-86.9

-94.3

-91.7

-90.8

-88.9

-86.8

-77.7

2.8

18.8

6.1

13.9

18.0

1.8

12.9

18.7

8.8

16.7

5.3

-5.7

22.2

-2.5

16.0

5.8

-5.0

2.0

-4.4

-8.3

-4.0

-1.0

0.1

-12.9

-15.8

-23.5

-22.8

-18.6

-3.5

27.8

12.5

-8.0

2.6

-7.8

4.9

7.6

-2.2

-2.3

-0.6

-4.6

-3.0

-3.0

-5.7

-0.6

-5.8

-1.1

0.4

-5.0

-2.4

-1.3

91.1

100.7

110.3

118.6

125.2

122.6

119.7

118.4

119.5

115.0

38.9

12.8i

27.1

0.4e

37.7

11.5

24.2

2.2

-1.3

-7.6

39.6

10.0

-9.1

2.5

-1.7

-8.2

49.0

58.3

9.2

5.0

2.6

-1.3

-3.6

9.8

3.3

-0.6

0.6

7.2

65.2

11.5

2.4

-1.7

70.7

13.8

1.7

-1.7

82.2

15.7

2.8

-1.4

3.1

5.1

4.4

13.0

16.9

17.6

86.6

16.9

0.9

2.0

1.7

8.8

86.7

17.0

 2.1

 2.9

0.1

0.9

Flags: e: estimated. i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.12: The MIP scoreboard for Italy 

Italy

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-0.9

-1.3

-1.9

-2.0

-2.7

-2.8

-2.3

-0.8

0.8

2015

 1.5

-20.1

-21.2

-21.7

-22.3

-20.7

-19.2

-23.9

-25.3

-24.5

-23.6

-0.5

-12.6

7.0

3.1

-1.2

-8.9

6.5

2.7

10.4

12.0

1.8

3.6

-1.9

-3.2

-6.2

0.0

0.2

-2.2

-15.9

-17.7

-18.7

-18.9

-25.1

-19.6

-14.8

-8.9

8.5

-0.5

6.6

11.1

-0.1

0.8

8.9

5.3

2.1

2.9

2.2

1.5

-2.2b

-2.1p

-5.4p

-6.9p

-4.5p

-2.6p

5.0

3.1

-0.8

-3.0

-0.5

-1.7

102.2

109.7

113.9

122.5

123.3

122.7

125.1

121.9

120.1

117.0

102.6

99.8

102.4

112.5

115.4

116.5

123.3

129.0

131.9

132.3

7.5

10.4

1.1

-1.7

-1.8

6.9

0.4

-0.4

-0.9

-3.1

6.5

-0.6

0.4

-0.7

-2.9

6.8

5.0

7.6

4.2

8.2

4.9

-0.3

-0.4

-0.8

0.1

3.5

1.1

7.5

1.3

8.0

9.2

7.3

1.2

2.2

10.4

-2.5

1.4

2.9

0.7

1.8

3.4

10.0

12.1

13.5

11.8

12.2

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

 1.7

 0.5

1.3

5.0

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.13: The MIP scoreboard for Cyprus 

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

-6.4

-8.6

-11.8

-11.7

-11.5

-7.7

-7.1

-5.0

-5.1

-4.1

-45.4

-56.5

-79.1

-100.3

-111.2

-129.9

-129.2

-138.9

-147.3

-130.3

0.1

-1.3

2.2

3.5

0.0

-3.0

-5.9

-0.8

-1.7

-6.2

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

-24.8e

-18.7e

-25.3e

-9.0e

-15.7e

-11.2e

-21.5e

-14.6

-23.7

-16.8

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

9.9

8.5

9.8

8.1

6.1

0.6

12.4

29.0

29.8

12.4

10.6

9.4

3.1

-2.3

-7.8p

-10.5p

-6.6

7.9

-7.6p

-4.5p

-5.4p

-4.1p

-1.3p

2.9bp

13.2

13.0

15.5

-11.7

0.2

4.4

259.2

265.5

285.0

306.0

315.6

321.6

327.4

340.9

354.3

353.7

58.7

53.5

44.7

53.4

55.8

65.2

79.3

102.2

107.1

107.5

4.8

4.6

4.1

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

29.5

27.2

115.7

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

0.8

1.3

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-0.3

-0.6

3 year change in pp

2 pp

1.2

0.0

1.2

-0.8

-4.9

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

Cyprus

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

4.3

11.6

0.0b

-0.3

3.8

5.1

8.4

-0.3

0.6

6.4

6.5

-6.1

-0.1

1.1

8.7

6.3

0.5

3.0

11.9

-15.0

0.0

4.8

14.6

-3.5

0.8

6.1

13.4

13.9

22.3

13.6

15.7

 2.8

 0.4

3.2

5.1

105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.14: The MIP scoreboard for Latvia 

Latvia

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

-14.7

-17.7

-17.9

-8.4

-0.8

2.2

-1.6

-3.2

-2.8

-1.8

-64.1

-69.0

-74.2

-82.7

-82.9

-74.6

-67.4

-66.4

-64.3

-62.5

1.8

73.6

41.7

41.0e

33.6

7.7

95.6

69.7

22.0

29.5

20.8

76.8

78.5

23.4

52.8

37.3

-10.8

-34.9

9.1

-8.6

6.7

22.0

-2.3

-8.7

2.5

-2.5

27.1

-21.0

4.0

-2.0

97.2

102.6

104.5

125.4

134.0

115.5

9.9

9.6

8.4

7.7

18.7

6.9

9.0

5.1

-2.6

36.6

10.4

-9.2

2.5

2.1

47.4

14.9

-0.3

0.4

7.2

42.8

17.7

-4.1

-1.4

6.9

-8.6

8.7

-6.9

-0.4

-2.1

98.1

41.3

16.9

5.2

0.9

3.3

-1.7

6.6

7.8

6.6

0.9

92.7

39.0

14.4

5.2

1.0

0.2

9.4

3.1

10.5

15.6

16.0

4.2

-2.7

-11.8

96.3

40.7

12.6

0.7

88.8

36.3

10.9

10.4

12.2

1.8

 1.3

-3.1

-4.2

-3.3

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

47.6

36.7

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

2.1

-2.6

-6.0

3.3

-3.4

-9.4

Flags: e: estimated. 

Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

-1.5

19.7

25.6

17.4

-4.8

-13.0

-11.4

-12.2

106 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015

 0.9

Table 4.15: The MIP scoreboard for Lithuania 

Lithuania

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

-8.5

-11.0

-13.0

-8.8

-3.9

-0.7

-1.8

-1.2

1.3

-48.0

-54.6

-51.5

-58.4

-55.9

-52.5

-53.4

-47.0

-45.8

-44.7

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

-2.6

0.9

8.9

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

48.2e

30.5e

43.0e

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

24.1

22.6e

18.8

62.4

17.2

8.3

25.0

19.3

22.8

74.7

15.9

6.1

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

32.6

34.6

28.8

10.3

76.7

14.6

5.3

4.2

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

-2.3

-1.3

-0.3

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-3.4

-4.2u

-3.1u

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

-1.7

-32.8

16.6

31.1

13.0

-9.4

83.3

28.0

8.0

-4.7

2.0

0.7

7.2

1.7

19.4

30.1

0.3

-8.6

-5.9

74.5

36.2

12.5

0.3

2.3

6.0

-7.8

2.4

-2.2

64.7

37.2

15.7

2.5

3.0

6.7

-6.7

33.3

-4.2

-3.2

0.3

61.1

39.8

15.5

-0.6

2.2

3.3

-0.6

20.2

6.2

0.2

-1.2

56.3

38.7

13.5

-1.3

2.2

1.5

4.0

34.4

15.5

8.8

6.3

0.2

54.0

40.5

12.0

16.3

2.3

11.6

 4.6

2.2

55.0

42.7

10.5

 6.7

 2.3

-2.3

-3.2

-2.7

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-14.8

-13.4

-2.5

19.6

27.3

19.3

-2.9

-13.8

-13.3

-10.4

Flags: e: estimated. u: low reliability. 

Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.16: The MIP scoreboard for Luxembourg 

Luxembourg

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

11.0

21.6

3.4

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

17.2

25.6

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

3 year change in pp

2 pp

4.3i

-0.8

10.3

9.2

8.3

7.2

6.7

6.2

5.9

5.5

-18.4

16.5

-29.5

-20.5

29.1

52.2

44.4

33.5

35.8

2015

 5.3

2.4

8.6

8.4

7.2

4.6b

3.4

15.7

12.3

1.1

3.8

12.0

18.3

-1.8

1.2

3.6

0.1

-3.4

16.5

10.3

4.0

0.7

-2.4

-9.6

5.9

2.2

0.7

3.8

7.1

3.4

0.5

-0.5

11.3

22.9

4.8

4.1

0.6

 6.1

27.4

223.6

-35.2

-32.1

-16.7

48.6

31.0

-5.5

20.1

24.2

202.4

402.3

357.4

350.1

302.2

328.3

351.2

321.3

327.9

343.1

7.9

4.7i

17.5

2.1

0.5

7.8

4.5

13.3

1.1b

0.1

15.1

16.0

19.9

18.8

21.8

23.5

22.7

22.1

4.6

-6.9

0.2

0.4

2.7

4.7

6.4

2.0b

-0.2

1.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

5.3

5.7

6.1

11.3

10.1

14.8

11.2

29.9

15.5

1.3

0.1

0.2

1.1

-0.2

-0.9

0.7

0.4

1.5

1.7

0.5

1.1

2.9

0.2

5.9

1.5b

0.3

-1.4

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.17: The MIP scoreboard for Hungary 

Hungary

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-7.5

-7.1

-7.1

-5.0

-2.5

0.1

0.9

2.1

2.5

-95.1

-88.5

-102.2

-115.5

-108.8

-106.3

-94.0

-83.5

-75.8

-60.8

2015

 3.0

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

1.8

24.4

8.4

na

13.9

83.7

64.6

6.9

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

17.8

23.7

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

1.4

1.0

5.9

1.1

0.8

2.6

6.6

28.7

10.2

na

16.0

8.1

25.3

11.8

-3.1

12.6

7.8

13.1

13.0

-9.0

6.0

-1.2

3.7

6.1

-5.9

-4.2

-4.2

-2.0

3.2

-6.9

-4.4

4.1

-9.3

-6.1

94.1

105.5

117.0

115.5

114.9

102.0

65.6

7.4

71.6

7.6i

26.2

-0.1

0.4

0.1i

77.8

80.5

8.4

1.9

-0.8

0.8

7.3

9.7

-0.2

0.3

2.0

8.3

80.7

10.7

6.2

1.2

1.6

6.5

78.2

11.1

-5.9

2.5

0.8

1.8

Flags: i: see metadata. na: not available. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2008 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2008 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

-1.0

-4.0

-7.0

-6.9

-20.8

-22.2

-15.8

-8.0

5.9

-4.3

-0.9

95.4

76.6

10.7

-1.9

2.8

6.7

3.2

-0.5

91.0

75.7

9.6

8.5

4.6

3.9

11.6

-3.1

83.9

74.7

8.2

 0.4

 4.9

-0.6

-1.5

-1.9

0.2

-5.6

-10.9

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.18: The MIP scoreboard for Malta 

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-5.6

27.8

2.8

na

5.8

-5.0

21.4

1.2

na

4.9

17.0

19.5

-3.2

4.2

5.8

10.9

9.5

7.2

6.5

3.2

14.1

-3.2

12.6

5.8

46.0

11.2

-6.2

10.6

-4.1

12.1

-0.7

38.3

9.2

-1.1

6.8

-3.8

6.2

-5.0

18.2

10.5

-3.5

7.2

-1.1

19.5

-7.6

13.0

8.0

0.6

0.4

2015

 4.3

1.4

3.8

20.2

41.3

48.5

-1.3

-0.7

9.0

-1.5

2.7

0.1

-0.2

-16.6

-8.8

7.2

2.4

7.4

3.9

2.8p

5.4

142.0

145.3

152.9

167.6

162.0

158.5

153.6

146.6

146.7

139.1

64.6

62.4

62.7

67.8

67.6

70.0

67.6

68.4

67.0

64.0

7.0

6.7

6.4

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

36.7

43.8

13.3

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-0.7

-0.4

-1.9

0.6

-0.7

-3.1

1.5

-0.8

-4.4

Flags: p: provisional. na: not available. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

Malta

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

6.5

4.4

1.5

0.2

6.6

6.7

12.4

10.9

1.6

0.4

2.7

0.4

1.6

-1.0

-0.3

6.5

6.2

3.7

0.2

-0.4

6.4

1.7

4.6

-0.2

-0.2

6.2

6.3

4.5

-0.3

-1.6

5.9

 1.3

 4.5

-0.7

-2.3

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.19: The MIP scoreboard for Netherlands 

Netherlands

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

8.0

-1.9

-2.1

-5.2

-0.2

1.6

7.8

-15.0

-2.1

-2.5

2.3

2.5

13.5

12.9

7.1

-8.1

-0.1

-6.1

6.6

0.0

9.7

5.8

1.4

2.6

-5.2

12.1

-3.5

8.5

5.9

7.1

11.2

20.4

-1.5

-7.9

7.6

-2.7

2.8

-2.4

-7.9

4.8

-4.0

3.6

2015

 9.1

8.7

27.0

-6.0

9.6

9.7

31.0

57.8

63.9

0.4

0.7

-0.6

-12.2

-10.7

-10.8

-8.3

2.3

-8.0

2.1

5.2

-8.2

2.1

4.1p

0.2p

0.0

-1.7

 3.6

-1.6p

215.3

214.9

216.3

231.4

229.5

228.1

229.1

226.9

229.6

228.8p

44.8

42.7

54.8

56.9

59.3

61.6

66.4

67.7

67.9

65.1

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

12.3

14.9

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

0.9

0.7

0.1

1.9

-0.3

-2.0

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

5.5

5.0

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

4.3

3.8

2.4

-1.0

-3.2

4.1

7.8

2.3

-0.9

0.2

4.4

5.9

4.8

9.1

5.3

5.4

-0.3b

-1.2b

-0.7

0.0

1.7

0.7

1.4

1.1

1.5

6.0

-2.4

1.2

1.3

2.1

6.8

8.7

0.9

1.3

2.7

7.2

3.2p

 0.6

1.1

-0.4

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.20: The MIP scoreboard for Austria 

Austria

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

3.3

-5.2

-2.0

2.4

-1.9

-1.9

2.0

-3.2

-4.7

1.7

1.3

0.7

1.9

2.2

1.9

-12.3

-12.1

-21.1

-17.8

-16.3

-9.6

2015

 2.1

 2.9

1.8

3.1

-9.8

-1.8

1.6

3.8

3.9

-10.1

-0.1

-4.5

6.4

3.7

-5.1

2.0

-5.9

2.6

-12.9

-1.7

1.3

2.6

2.0e

5.3

10.3

8.9

2.1e

-1.1e

3.5e

4.4be

7.3

5.4

1.3

0.3

5.9

3.0

3.0

3.7

4.8

1.3

6.3

2.9

0.7

7.7

1.4

0.9

6.1

 3.5

2.1

122.9

124.6

127.5

132.8

132.9

130.1

129.2

128.0

126.2

126.4

67.3

65.1

68.8

80.1

82.8

82.6

82.0

81.3

84.4

85.5

5.5

9.7

0.4

0.4

2.2

5.3

11.0

3.1b

-0.2

-1.1

4.8

10.9

2.5

-0.4

-2.5

4.8

-2.0

1.9

-0.3

0.9

4.7

-1.9

0.9

-0.1

0.1

4.9

1.5

0.7

0.2

0.4

4.8

0.4

0.8

0.0

-1.3

5.0

-3.2

1.1

0.1

0.2

5.3

-1.1

0.8

0.3

1.4

5.6

 0.6

 0.4

0.5

1.2

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. 

Note: 1) House price index: e = source NCB.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.21: The MIP scoreboard for Poland 

Poland

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
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t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

-4.0

-4.3

-5.7

-5.7

-5.3

-4.8

-4.8

-3.4

-2.4

-1.3

-44.9

-49.2

-55.6

-57.3

-65.1

-62.4

-65.4

-69.0

-69.1

-62.8

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

11.6

16.4

14.3

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

50.2e

55.7e

51.4e

-3.9

34.7

-1.4

-11.5

25.1

15.7

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

-1.5

na

9.2

47.6

46.9

17.0

24.4

-0.5

-3.2

3.2

na

12.5

54.4

44.2

13.8

18.3

-0.8

-5.3

10.5

12.3

11.3b

na

-5.3e

-6.1e

14.2

67.3

46.3

10.2

6.8

-0.6

-7.9

4.4

67.1

49.4

8.3i

8.9

1.3

4.3

69.7

53.1

8.3

13.5

2.1b

-5.3

-2.1

1.2

2.1

5.3

-6.6

4.8

73.5

53.7

9.8

10.6

1.8

1.5

5.9

-4.3

-1.3

-1.0

0.5

3.1

-4.7

3.3

75.4

55.7

10.0

7.4

1.7

1.4

3.6

5.3

2.9

1.1

4.6

78.1

50.2

9.8

0.7

2.2

0.2

-1.9

 9.7

-0.4p

 2.8

3.2

79.0

51.1

8.9

 2.4

 1.6

-1.1

-5.7

4.2

-4.6

6.7

73.9

54.1

9.2

4.9

1.9

1.1

8.6

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-12.1

-18.0

-19.7

-9.2i

2.1

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: 2010 break in time series. Since the indicator is a three year % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index: e = NSI estimates. 3) Unemployment rate: for 2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 4) Youth unemployment rate: for
2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.22: The MIP scoreboard for Portugal 

Portugal

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

2015

 0.7

-9.6

-10.1

-10.8

-10.8

-10.9

-8.9

-6.0

-2.1

-0.1

-79.3

-88.8

-95.1

-107.9

-104.3

-100.7

-116.5

-116.3

-114.9

-109.3

0.7

-4.4

4.3

-1.4

0.6

-3.3

5.1

-1.9

12.6

18.2

2.1

-11.1

4.5

1.0b

15.9

1.0

-7.9

6.6

1.0

5.3

-3.1

-6.6

4.2

-1.0

5.3

-3.0

-8.2

-0.6

-6.5

-0.9

-4.0

-16.0

-6.3

-8.7

-3.7

-0.6

-6.8

-3.4

-2.7

-1.9

-1.8

-5.5

-2.7

3.9

-5.9

-2.8

 2.8

0.0e

 2.3

-2.3

176.5

185.0

196.2

204.2

201.5

204.1

211.7

204.4

192.4

181.5

69.2

68.4

71.7

83.6

96.2

111.4

126.2

129.0

130.6

129.0

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

13.8

10.2

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

0.8

1.7

2.6

1.2

0.8

1.7

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

8.5

8.9

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

8.9

4.4

0.7

-0.1

0.8

9.5

8.9

10.5

11.5

11.9

-4.5

-0.2

-0.2

-0.3b

0.3

4.1

1.9

6.8

2.6

8.6

13.6

-1.8

0.0

3.5

12.7

15.0

15.4

14.4

-5.3

-0.7

3.6

9.9

-7.3

-1.6

-0.4

 0.0

2.2

4.5

-0.5

-6.0

114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.23: The MIP scoreboard for Romania 

Romania

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

-9.1

-10.9

-12.0

-10.2

-7.2

-4.9

-4.9

-3.6

-2.2

-1.0

-36.0

-46.9

-52.5

-62.0

-63.4

-65.4

-67.4

-62.6

-57.3

-51.9

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

28.1

73.9

32.0

na

15.1

44.5

12.3

7.4

35.9

84.2

39.3

na

20.3

57.8

12.7

6.9

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

35.3

35.3

14.0

16.0

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

1.4

-0.2

1.7

0.0

-1.6

-1.2

0.6

-0.5

1.9b

-1.6

-1.5

-1.9

-0.2

-0.8

2.8

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: 2012 break in time series. Since the indicator is a three year % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index: e = NSI estimates.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

9.5

91.9

39.1

-5.0

-10.8

69.7

37.0

53.8

28.8

-3.3

50.6

-1.9

13.1

-0.5

-0.2b

na

-27.1e

-13.8

-15.8

13.1

65.5

13.2

6.4

-1.7

71.9

23.2

6.2

0.9

73.9

29.9

6.4

5.0

-9.1

0.3

71.9

37.3

7.0

4.4

1.7

0.8

2.6

2.8

72.9

34.2

6.9

4.6

1.2

0.5

6.3

0.3

-1.1

2.7

14.6

20.8

21.1

-3.2

-2.8

-1.4

66.6

37.8

7.0

0.8

0.0

0.8

1.6

7.3

-3.2

-2.4

62.1

39.4

6.9

1.2

1.6

0.5p

 1.7

0.2

59.1

37.9

6.9

 4.1

 1.3

-0.1

0.0

0.1

-0.9

115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.24: The MIP scoreboard for Slovenia 

Slovenia

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

-2.1

-2.6

-3.8

-3.3

-2.0

-0.2

0.9

2.5

4.5

-16.8

-25.5

-39.4

-43.6

-47.2

-45.2

-49.9

-46.6

-44.2

-38.7

-4.5

-0.7

1.2

0.6

-20.4

-17.8

-12.4

-3.6

-2.8

21.4

6.3

14.1

13.6

82.5

26.0

6.3

-1.2

23.6

5.4

18.8

21.5

2.1

16.3

10.6

5.2

9.8

1.2

-1.3

18.5

16.1

1.3

-10.3

15.5

2.9

-1.3

1.9

-1.1

-5.4

8.3

0.9

0.4

0.6

-8.2

-2.9

0.4

-6.0

-4.0

96.3

105.6

113.5

115.1

113.0

112.5

108.2

22.8

21.8

34.6

38.4

46.6

53.9

71.0

5.8

9.1

2015

 5.4

-0.1

-6.6

-4.7

98.1

80.9

9.6

-0.6

 1.5

-5.1

87.3

83.1

9.6

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

13.8

28.6

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

3.8

-0.6

-3.4

1.5

-1.1

-6.0

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

5.1

6.6

1.1

-1.2

-5.5

5.1

7.7

0.9

-1.1

-0.3

5.9

-3.4

0.2

1.0

4.6

7.1

-1.2

-1.5

1.7

5.3

8.1

-0.7

-1.4

2.5

7.0

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

-10.3

-0.2

-3.4

-1.0

2.0

6.9

0.6

1.7

4.5

 1.4

0.4

-4.3

116 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.25: The MIP scoreboard for Slovakia 

Slovakia

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

-10.1

-8.7

-7.3

-5.3

-4.9

-4.4

-2.9

-0.7

1.3

-64.8

-56.4

-58.1

-66.5

-61.9

-64.4

-61.8

-62.3

-63.8

-61.0

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

18.3

18.1

24.9

26.9

10.9

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

na

8.0

na

8.5

51.8

31.0

16.1

-8.2

-1.4

-1.3

na

5.7

25.7

9.6

60.4

30.1

13.7

25.7

-1.4

-3.6

na

6.0

12.8

10.9

64.9

28.5

11.4

10.5

-0.1

-5.2

9.7

10.9

-12.8

3.0

69.2

36.3

11.0

-4.7

-0.2

-3.7

4.2

9.5

-5.0

2.9

67.4

41.2

12.1

1.6

0.4

0.9

3.4

-2.3

6.1

-5.2

3.0

70.2

43.7

13.4i

0.3

-0.1b

2.6

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. na: not available. 

Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2011 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 2) Youth unemployment rate: for 2011 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-6.8

-12.8

-11.1

0.6

13.3

14.4i

2015

 1.1

-3.1

-9.6

0.8

-5.9

3.1

70.6

52.2

14.1

3.5

1.0

2.8

6.4

2.1

-3.5

2.2

-0.4

5.1

74.0

54.7

14.0

0.0

1.2

0.7

1.2

2.4

1.9

1.5

5.7

77.6

53.6

13.8

6.9

1.6

0.0

-0.2

-4.0

-0.7

 6.7

2.2

 5.5

8.2

81.4

52.5

13.0

 4.5

 1.5

-1.8

-7.5

117 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.26: The MIP scoreboard for Finland 

Finland

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

-4%/6%

4.2

3.6

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-35%

-14.2

-27.9

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

3.3

-4.6

-0.4

-4.3

7.5

-5.5

-8.0

3.7

5.6p

8.9

-4.9

-4.6

3.8

3.9p

13.2

2.7

3.2

4.9

1.8

16.5

-1.2

0.5

15.1

-2.8

-0.8

11.7

-8.2

-1.8

3.9

0.1

-1.6

-2.6

2.6

2015

-1.0

 0.6

2.3

-12.8

-19.3

-23.3

-30.8

-30.8

-25.1

-20.5

15.2

13.2

-2.5p

-0.4p

16.7

0.8

4.8

7.3

9.4

0.0

3.6

6.0

-0.4

7.4

9.1

-1.3

2.8

7.9

3.6

-1.8

-0.4

0.8

9.5

119.2

123.6

132.7

142.8

148.9

145.4

148.6

147.7

147.4

155.7

38.2

34.0

32.7

41.7

47.1

48.5

53.9

56.5

60.2

63.6

8.3

7.7

7.0

7.2

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

12.2

10.2

16.8

18.2

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

0.7

-0.4

-3.1

1.4

-0.6

-4.2

1.3

-0.9

-3.6

-0.2

-0.5

2.8

Flags: p: provisional. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

7.7

9.2

-1.1

0.5

4.9

8.1

28.4

-1.1

0.5

3.6

8.0

-0.6

0.2

0.2

-2.5

7.9

-11.8

0.7

-0.3

-1.5

8.2

8.8

0.5

0.2

0.4

8.8

 1.5

 0.6

0.7

3.4

118 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.27: The MIP scoreboard for Sweden 

Sweden

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

6.8

-9.8

-3.8

-1.4

-0.1

11.1

10.3

7.5

1.2

-4.2

1.3

4.9

10.9

20.1

8.1

-7.9

-2.1

-6.8

9.8

-2.0

18.7

7.3

-7.2

-8.5

6.6

-5.6

-3.3

5.8

-8.0

2.9

5.7

5.5

-14.6

-12.7

10.1

5.1

-15.7

-12.5

-11.8

-18.9

-16.6

15.9

0.7

5.9

8.3

6.4

5.3

5.6

0.8

6.9

4.0

0.7

2.3

8.6

4.7

4.8

5.2

-0.4

-3.6

-9.1

6.9

8.2

5.9

2015

 5.0

 4.1

-7.9

-9.3

3.6

12.0

6.5

154.0

167.9

189.0

201.5

189.0

190.7

192.3

192.1

192.9

188.6

43.7

39.0

37.5

41.0

38.3

37.5

37.8

40.4

45.2

43.9

7.4

9.6

1.5

0.0e

4.1

7.0

9.4

1.9

-0.4

-1.2

6.5

11.9

1.1

-0.3

-2.4

6.9

3.3

0.1

0.1

3.5

7.7

2.9

0.0

0.8

5.6

8.2

3.4

0.6

0.7

2.6

8.1

5.3

1.4

0.4

-1.3

7.9

8.6

2.0

-0.2

-1.2

8.0

13.5

1.6

-0.1

7.8

 2.3

 1.4

0.0

0.1

-3.3

Flags: e: estimated. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

119 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 4.28: The MIP scoreboard for United Kingdom 

United Kingdom

Thresholds

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

d
n
a

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
x
E

s
s
e
n
e
v
i
t
i
t
e
p
m
o
c

s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
m

i

l
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

s
r
o
t
a
c
i
d
n

i

Current account balance, % of GDP 

3 year average

Net international investment position

% of GDP

-4%/6%

-35%

Real effective exchange rate - 42 trading partners, 
HICP deflator

3 year % change

±5% (EA) 
±11% (Non-EA)

Export market share - % of world exports

5 year % change

-6%

Nominal unit labour cost index (2010=100)

3 year % change

House price index (2010=100), deflated 

1 year % change

Private sector credit flow, consolidated

% of GDP

Private sector debt, consolidated

General government gross debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

Unemployment rate

3 year average

9% (EA) 
12% (Non-EA)

6%

14%

133%

60%

10%

Total financial sector liabilities, non-consolidated

1 year % change

16.5%

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

3 year change in pp

-0.2 pp

Long-term unemployment rate - % of active 
population aged 15-74

3 year change in pp

0.5 pp

Youth unemployment rate - % of active population 
aged 15-24

3 year change in pp

2 pp

-1.7

-11.3

1.8

-8.1

9.5

5.0

-2.0

-8.9

-0.4

-2.7

9.0

-3.0

-10.6

-3.1

-4.0

-11.2

-19.9

-20.4

-2.5

-5.9

-8.3

-2.7

-3.3

-4.2

-4.8

-22.4

-16.2

-17.6

-14.4

5.8

3.4

-15.1

-22.6

-19.8

-23.5

-25.6

-20.7

-12.0

9.9

7.7

10.3

-8.1

10.4

11.3

-9.7

-7.7

9.1

3.5

-2.7

7.0

-4.8

-1.2

3.2

-1.5

0.5

2.9

0.3

3.9

14.7

17.0

10.0

-9.9

2.6

6.2

2.3

11.3

 1.0

1.7

 5.7

2.5

167.7

172.1

181.5

185.5

175.5

173.1

174.0

167.8

160.0

157.8

41.0

42.0

50.2

64.5

76.0

81.6

85.1

86.2

88.1

89.1

5.0

10.2

0.4

0.1

1.7

5.2

16.2

0.2b

0.3

2.3

5.4

6.2

48.3

-16.9

0.4b

0.4

2.2

0.0

0.7

5.2

7.0

8.3

-0.1

1.2

5.6

7.8

10.9

-0.3

1.3

6.3

7.9

-2.9

0.4

0.8

2.1

7.9

-6.9

1.0

0.2

0.8

7.2

4.7

1.2

-0.5

-4.3

6.3

-7.8

 0.8

-1.1

-6.6

Flags: b: break in time series. 

Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chapter 5: Tables by Member States - Auxiliary indicators used in the economic reading of the MIP scoreboard 

Table 5.1: Auxiliary indicators for Belgium 

Belgium

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

2.5

22.3

1.8

1.9

-49.1

14.4

2007

3.4

23.2

1.8

1.6

-45.3

19.8

2008

0.7

24.0

1.9

-1.5

2009

-2.3

22.6

2.0

-1.3

2010

2.7

21.8

2.1

1.5

2011

1.8

22.6

2.2

-1.2

2012

0.1

22.6

2.4

0.5

-85.7

-105.2

-117.8

-115.1

-102.7

38.4

17.0

22.9

30.3

1.3

2013

-0.1

22.2

2.4

-0.4

-88.3

-5.4

2014

1.7

22.9

2.5e

-0.9

-81.2

-3.5

2015

1.5

23.0

na

0.5

-67.7

-4.7

143.8

154.6

192.0

208.2

223.2

236.2

236.2

220.1

215.9

213.6

-4.5

0.6

-4.0

-2.0

-4.2

1.4

13.2

0.7

34.4

6.2

-3.6

0.4

2.4

-2.5

-2.2

1.7

15.2

1.4

33.3

6.3

-5.3

1.2

-0.9

-4.7

-1.1

-1.0

19.3

1.9

23.5

6.5

-3.2

0.6

-1.3

-0.8

0.8

-2.1

21.6

0.2

12.0

6.1

-3.7

1.9

-4.1

-1.7

-2.2

2.0

20.4

1.3

7.2

6.1

-4.6

1.3

0.8

-2.2

-0.3

0.4

18.6

0.9

6.8

5.8

157.4

195.0

168.6

194.2

189.7

236.5

199.1

200.6

187.6

189.7

197.2

191.3

-5.0

1.9

-5.4

-2.6

-1.1

-0.3

-4.5

0.6

-4.6

0.2

-2.9

0.3

20.5

21.8

2.6

9.7

5.9

203.1

199.0

4.7

7.6

5.7

205.5

189.8

-3.8

-0.1

-5.5

-2.4

1.4

1.2

22.5

4.9

2.9

5.9

212.4

180.6

-2.8

0.2

-9.4

0.1

1.6

 0.6

20.5

4.0

2.3p

5.8

218.8

176.5

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

121 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.1 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Belgium 

Belgium

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.1

66.5

4.2

20.5

11.2b

-6.6b

21.5

-1.9

14.7

-0.7

6.4

1.9

14.3

-1.1

2007

1.7

67.1

3.8

18.8

11.2

-4.2

21.6

0.0

15.2

0.9

5.7

1.0

13.8

-0.9

2008

1.8

67.1

3.3

18.0

10.1

-2.9

20.8

-1.8

14.7

-0.1

5.6

-0.9

11.7

-3.4

2009

-0.2

66.9

3.5

21.9

11.1

-0.1

20.2

-1.3

14.6

-0.1

5.2

-1.2

12.3

-2.0

2010

0.6

67.7

4.0

22.4

10.9

-0.3

20.8

-0.8

14.6

-0.6

5.9

0.2

12.7

-1.1

2011

1.4

66.7

3.5

18.7

11.8b

1.7b

21.0

0.2

15.3

0.6

5.7

0.1

13.8

2.1

2012

0.4

66.9

3.4

19.8

12.3

1.2

21.6

1.4

15.3

0.7

6.3

1.1

13.9

1.6

2013

-0.3

67.5

3.9

23.7

12.7

1.8

20.8

0.0

15.1

0.5

5.1

-0.8

14.0

1.3

2014

0.4

67.7

4.3

23.2

12.0

0.2

21.2

0.2

15.5

0.2

5.9

0.2

14.6

0.8

2015

0.9

67.6

4.4

22.1

12.2

-0.1

21.1

-0.5

14.9

-0.4

5.8p

-0.5p

14.9

1.0

122 

 
 
 
Table 5.2: Auxiliary indicators for Bulgaria 

Bulgaria

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

2006

6.9

27.6

0.5

na

na

na

na

2.3

12.8

59.8

12.3

-1.8

3.4

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

1836.6

123.5

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

1558.3

90.6

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

130.9e

102.0e

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

5.6

97.1

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

169.1

5.0

125.0

215.0

2007

7.3

28.3

0.4

2008

6.0

33.0

0.5

-25.7

-21.2

na

28.0

na

-7.3

14.4

59.9

15.4

11.7

4.0

na

17.9

na

-8.0

19.5

50.9

13.0

-0.3

3.6

65.7

37.6

84.8p

5.8

136.8

431.9

2009

-3.6

27.9

0.5

-7.0

na

7.5

na

-5.0

15.9

29.2

12.0

-1.5

-1.9

68.1

34.6

2010

1.3

22.2

0.6

-0.9

37.1

3.6

90.3

-5.7

11.6

16.8

14.0

-1.5

5.4

71.5

41.6

2011

1.9

20.9

0.5

1.5

29.6

3.7

87.8

-6.3

3.8

21.3

11.5

5.6

4.2

62.0

36.7

2012

0.0

21.3

0.6

0.4

25.4

3.3

90.1

-6.9

1.8

10.9

5.9

-0.9

2.6p

2013

0.9

21.1

0.6

2.4

21.6

3.6

89.3

-6.2

-0.4

9.5

4.2

5.9

2014

1.3

21.1

0.8

2.3

18.3

3.6

96.2

-5.6

-2.9

13.9

3.0

-0.6

2015

3.6

21.0

1.0p

3.5

3.4

3.7

88.9

-3.8

-3.9

15.2

3.5

3.0

1.3p

1.0p

3.3p

69.7p

78.8p

82.7p

78.4p

44.6

54.4

57.8

51.2

28.2p

-10.7p

-32.4p

-16.7p

4.7

143.9

385.9

2.7

142.3

439.5

2.2

133.5

413.0

1.7

134.8

438.4

-9.3p

1.7

142.5

450.2

-2.7p

2.0bp

1.6

136.8

429.7

1.4

121.5

494.3

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = NSI estimates. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.2 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Bulgaria 

Bulgaria

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

3.3

64.5

5.0

18.3

22.2b

-6.8b

61.3

na

18.4

4.4

57.7

na

14.7

na

2007

3.2

66.3

4.0

14.1

19.1

-7.3

60.7

na

22.0

6.0

57.6

na

16.0

na

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.  
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2008

2.4

67.8

2.9

11.9

17.4b

-7.7b

44.8b

na

21.4

7.4

41.2

2009

-1.7

2010

-3.9

2011

-2.2

2012

2013

-2.5p

-0.4p

67.2

66.7b

65.9b

67.1

68.4

2.9

4.7

6.3

6.8

7.4

15.1

19.5

-2.7

46.2

21.9i

21.0b

1.9b

49.2

-15.1

-11.5

21.8

3.4

41.9

20.7

-1.3

45.7

na

-15.8

-11.9

8.1b

na

6.9

-7.8

8.0

-8.0

25.0

21.8

4.4

49.1

4.3

22.2

0.8

43.6

2.4

11.0

2.9

28.1

21.5

2.0

49.3

3.1

21.2

-0.6

44.1

2.2

12.5

5.6

28.4

21.6

0.6

48.0

-1.2

21.0

0.3

43.0

-2.7

13.0

5.0

2014

0.4p

69.0

6.9

23.8

20.2

-1.6

40.1b

-9.0b

21.8

-0.4

33.1

-10.5

12.1

1.1

2015

0.4p

69.3

5.6

21.6

19.3

-2.2

41.3

-8.0

22.0

0.8

34.2

-9.9

11.6

-0.9

124 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.3: Auxiliary indicators for Czech Republic 

Czech Republic

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

2006

6.9

28.0

1.2

-1.8

na

3.5

47.5

-4.0

11.7

75.9

0.4

4.8

5.5

46.3

31.1

9.8e

3.5

58.0

2007

5.5

29.6

1.3

-3.7

na

5.5

53.0

-3.2

14.4

73.9

-2.0

3.1

3.4

36.1

21.8

2008

2.7

29.0

1.2

-1.2

-4.7

3.7

60.4

-4.1

22.8

70.3

-3.3

1.4

0.5

31.8

14.9

2009

-4.8

27.1

1.3

-1.0

-2.4

2.5

66.3

-2.7

10.5

37.8

-2.4

0.4

-3.1

32.1

10.8

30.5e

45.1e

29.5e

4.1

61.8

4.0

67.9

3.8

71.1

2010

2.3

27.0

1.3

-2.6

-1.3

4.9

70.2

-3.5

12.5

20.4

-2.2

2.3

3.4

29.2

10.9

6.6e

4.1

72.7

2011

2.0

26.5

1.6

-1.8

-0.2

1.9

69.6

-4.4

0.8

17.2

-1.7

2.2

2.3

23.9

7.0

-5.6

3.7

74.3

2012

-0.8

25.9

1.8

-0.3

-1.1

4.5

74.7

-4.7

5.5

6.9

-3.3

1.4

-1.2

19.6

2.8

-3.1

3.7

77.0

2013

-0.5

25.1

1.9

1.5

-5.1

3.5

77.4

-4.8

-2.4

-1.1

-0.9

-3.5

-0.8

16.5

0.7

-1.4

3.2

84.3

2014

2.7

25.1

2.0

0.9

-6.1

3.9

77.3

-4.0

-10.1

1.4

-1.4

5.0

2.2

14.0

-2.7

1.0

3.4

80.6

2015

4.5

26.3

na

3.2

-9.8

1.3

74.2

-2.5

-8.0

 2.3

0.7

5.0

 3.1

14.1

-2.8

6.6p

3.4

77.0

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

657.7

640.4

749.9

638.4

560.0

624.5

540.6

532.0

498.7

516.4

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = NSI estimates.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

125 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.3 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Czech Republic 

Czech Republic

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.3

70.3

3.9

17.5

9.2b

-4.5b

18.0

na

9.9

na

9.6

na

8.9

na

2007

2.1

69.9

2.8

10.7

6.9

-6.8

15.8

na

9.6

1.6

7.4

na

8.6

na

2008

2.2

69.7

2.2

9.9

6.7

-6.6

15.3

-4.3

9.0

-1.4

6.8

-5.0

7.2

-1.7

2009

-1.8

70.1

2.0

16.6

8.5

-0.7

14.0

-4.0

8.6

-1.3

6.1

-3.5

6.0

-2.9

2010

-1.0

2011

-0.3

70.2

70.5b

3.0

2.7

18.3

8.8

1.9

14.4

-1.4

9.0

-0.6

6.2

-1.2

6.4

-2.2

18.1

8.3b

1.6b

15.3

0.0

9.8

0.8

6.1

-0.7

6.6

-0.6

2012

0.4

71.6

3.0

19.5

8.9

0.4

15.4

1.4

9.6

1.0

6.6

0.5

6.8

0.8

2013

0.3

72.9

3.0

18.9

9.1b

0.3b

14.6

0.2

8.6

-0.4

6.6

0.4

6.9

0.5

2014

0.6

73.5

2.7

15.9

8.1

-0.2

14.8

-0.5

9.7

-0.1

6.7

0.6

7.6

1.0

2015

1.4

74.0

2.4

12.6

7.5

-1.4

14.0

-1.4

9.7

0.1

5.6

-1.0

6.8

0.0

126 

 
 
 
Table 5.4: Auxiliary indicators for Denmark 

Denmark

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

3.8

23.5

2.4

3.3

31.9

0.9

44.7

2.0

-1.9

na

4.0

0.3

1.6

22.3

9.4

58.9

6.8

2007

0.8

23.7

2.5b

1.5

32.3

3.7

47.1

1.8

-1.3

na

2.6

-4.3

-1.4

27.2

12.5

49.8

6.5

2008

-0.7

23.0

2.8

2.9

29.8

0.5

44.7

1.6

-0.6

na

3.4

0.4

-1.8

30.6

11.8

20.8

5.4

210.3

176.8

220.5

204.7

231.9

316.4

2009

-5.1

19.9

3.1

3.5

28.7

1.2

47.0

1.0

0.4

na

2.8

0.7

-2.2

34.6

11.3

-14.3

4.2

241.8

248.9

2010

1.6

18.3

2.9

6.6

22.1

-3.6

43.8

0.9

1.7

-3.3

3.4

-10.6

4.0

33.3

12.6

-14.2

3.7

234.3

217.5

2011

1.2

18.3

3.0

6.9

14.5

3.8

44.2

0.7

1.5

-5.9

1.7

0.3

1.2

28.2

9.3

-11.0

4.3

234.3

209.5

2012

-0.1

19.0

3.0

6.3

11.0

-5.0

43.9

0.5

0.7

-7.9

2.9

-2.3

0.5

25.5

6.8

-1.7

4.1

2013

-0.2

18.9

3.0

7.8

8.3

0.2

42.3

0.1

-1.3

-9.9

2.7

-2.8

-0.4

24.7

6.7

-0.6

4.0

235.3

208.5

230.2

190.0

2014

1.3

19.1

3.0

8.8

4.8

1.6

50.2

0.0

-1.4

-9.4

2.9

-0.6

0.5

26.4

7.5

4.9

4.1

227.7

172.3

2015

1.0

19.0

na

9.0

3.6

0.7

49.8

0.1

-1.3

-6.8

0.7

-2.4

-0.1

26.0

7.4

15.3

4.0

218.9

159.9

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

127 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.4 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Denmark 

Denmark

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

2.2

80.6

0.8

7.7i

3.6

-1.6

16.7

-0.2

11.7

0.0

3.1

1.1

9.6

-0.2

2007

2.2

80.1

0.6

7.5

4.3b

-0.8b

16.8

0.3

11.7

0.8

3.3

0.4

10.1

0.8

2008

1.1

80.7

0.5

8.0

4.3

0.0

16.3

-0.9

11.8

0.0

2.0

-1.2

8.5

-1.6

2009

-3.0

80.2

0.6

2010

-2.3

79.4

1.5

2011

-0.1

79.3

1.8

2012

-0.6

78.6

2.1

2013

0.1

78.1

1.8

11.8

13.9

14.2

14.1

13.0

5.4

1.8

17.6

0.9

13.1

1.4

2.3

-0.8

8.8

-0.8

6.0

1.7

18.3

1.5

13.3

1.6

2.7

-0.6

10.6

0.5

6.3

2.0

17.6b

1.3b

12.1b

0.3b

2.3

0.3

10.5

2.0

6.6

1.2

17.5

-0.1

12.0

-1.1

2.7

0.4

10.2

1.4

6.0

0.0

18.3

0.0

11.9

-1.4

3.6

0.9

11.9

1.3

2014

0.8

78.1

1.7

12.6

5.8

-0.5

17.9

0.3

12.1

0.0

3.2

0.9

12.2

1.7

2015

1.1

78.5

1.7

10.8

6.2

-0.4

17.7

0.2

12.2

0.2

3.7

1.0

11.6

1.4

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

128 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.5: Auxiliary indicators for Germany 

Germany

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

3.7

19.8

2.5

5.6

8.2

2.9

32.7

-2.8

-1.1

13.8

0.0

2.8

2.9

-0.7

2007

3.3

20.1

2.5

6.7

3.8

1.5

33.7

-2.4

-0.7

12.1

-1.9

1.4

1.5

-0.1

2008

1.1

20.3

2.6

5.6

5.9

0.8

2009

-5.6

19.2

2.7

5.7

1.0

1.6

2010

4.1

19.4

2.7

5.7

3.4

2.5

2011

3.7

20.3

2.8

6.1

6.7

2.6

2012

0.5

20.1

2.9

7.0

3.6

1.8

31.9

34.2

35.1

35.8

39.8

-3.4

-1.3

6.3

-4.6

-0.9

-0.2

2.1

-2.5

-1.1

1.2

-0.4

-4.1

-5.7

7.6

-2.9

-1.5

-0.2

-1.0

2.0

3.8

5.7

-3.5

-1.0

-0.9

-2.1

1.3

2.3

6.5

-3.6

-1.3

-6.6

-2.5

-0.1

-0.7

9.0

-17.0

-17.4

-18.7

-16.5

-16.2

-13.9

-10.7

-0.7

5.2

121.2

494.0

-1.3

5.1

117.2

515.8

-1.2

5.0

116.4

758.1

0.0

5.1

120.1

602.7

3.2

5.2

114.1

563.2

5.4

5.6

109.7

601.7

8.2

5.8

109.9

521.8

2013

0.5

19.7

2.8

6.7

-3.1

1.7

41.0

-3.4

-0.8

-4.1

0.3

-1.8

-0.1

9.8

-8.3

10.4

5.8

110.5

423.6

2014

1.6

20.0

2.9

7.3

-5.7

0.2

40.5

-2.8

-0.1

-2.0

-2.8

0.4

0.8

12.7

-5.5

10.0

5.9

106.9

397.2

2015

1.7

19.9

2.9ep

8.4

-10.2

1.4

41.0

-2.0

0.5

-0.7

2.0

2.5

 0.8

15.1

-1.6

11.4

5.9

106.1

368.0

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

129 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.5 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Germany 

Germany

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Unemployment rate: for 2005 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2006

0.8

74.9

5.7

13.6

9.6

-0.4

20.2

na

12.5

2.5

5.1

na

13.6

na

2007

1.7

75.6

4.9

11.8

8.9

-1.2

20.6

na

15.2

4.2

4.8

na

11.5

na

2008

1.3

75.9

3.9

10.4

8.4b

-2.5b

20.1

1.7

15.2

3.0

5.5

0.9

11.7

-0.3

2009

0.1

2010

0.3

2011

1.4

76.3

76.7b

77.3b

3.5

11.1

8.8

-0.8

20.0

-0.2

15.5

3.0

5.4

0.3

10.9

-2.7

3.3

9.8

8.3b

-0.6b

19.7

-0.9

15.6

0.4

4.5

-0.3

11.2

-0.3

2.8

8.5

7.5b

-0.9b

19.9

-0.2

15.8

0.6

5.3

-0.2

11.2

-0.5

2012

1.2

77.2

2.4

8.0

7.1

-1.7

19.6

-0.4

16.1

0.6

4.9

-0.5

9.9

-1.0

2013

0.6

77.6

2.3

7.8

6.3

-2.0

20.3

0.6

16.1

0.5

5.4

0.9

9.9

-1.3

2014

0.8

77.7

2.2

7.7

6.4

-1.1

20.6

0.7

16.7

0.9

5.0

-0.3

10.0

-1.2

2015

0.9

77.6

2.0

7.2

6.2

-0.9

20.0

0.4

16.7

0.6

4.4

-0.5

9.8

-0.1

130 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.6: Auxiliary indicators for Estonia 

Estonia

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

2006

10.3

36.7

1.1

2007

7.7

36.6

1.1

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

-12.8

-13.8

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

43.0

10.3

75.5

-3.5

5.9

60.8

11.1

0.0

5.1

66.5

44.7

na

6.7

48.5

13.5

75.0

-3.6

8.5

69.0

9.0

4.7

7.5

80.9

54.3

na

6.1

146.8

412.5

152.4

397.5

161.6

433.4

2008

-5.4

31.2

1.3

-7.5

54.3

8.0

77.1

-4.1

12.1

52.4

7.4

-1.9

-5.2

97.0

60.9

63.2

4.3

2009

-14.7

22.7

1.4

6.0

53.4

9.1

89.1

-2.2

8.9

26.1

7.0

-10.1

-5.0

92.6

53.7

-31.5

3.1

167.2

463.7

2010

2.3

21.2

1.6

5.3

35.8

13.2

95.0

-1.5

6.4

18.3

3.0

11.5

7.6

80.6

47.5

-40.0

2.7

152.5

397.9

2011

7.6

26.2

2.3

5.4

6.0

4.9

89.9

-0.4

2.8

35.7

1.0

17.2

1.0

73.2

42.6

-28.0

2.7

132.6

398.6

2012

4.3

28.6

2.1

1.4

-1.1

7.8

94.2

-1.3

5.2

19.6

-1.4

1.9

2.6

72.6

40.0

23.0

2.9

2013

1.4

27.6

1.7

2.3

-4.9

4.3

99.1

-2.2

5.4

20.2

-0.2

-1.4

0.2

70.7

40.2

28.8

3.4

129.2

369.5

127.5

296.0

2014

2.8

24.4

1.5

2.0

2015

1.4

23.7

1.5p

4.3

-10.2

-10.3

6.3

104.1

-2.1

3.1

30.3

0.5

-0.6

2.0

65.8

37.6

35.0

3.9

130.1

308.9

-2.9

99.9

-1.4

1.6

10.8

2.8

-3.3

-1.4

72.0

42.1

34.5

4.4

130.9

366.1

Flags: p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

131 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.6 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Estonia 

Estonia

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

4.9

72.8

2.9

12.1

8.8

-1.7

22.0

na

18.3

0.3

7.0

na

7.1

na

2007

0.2

73.2

2.3

10.1

8.9

-3.6

22.0

-4.3

19.4

-0.8

5.6

-3.8

6.2

-3.5

2008

-0.2

74.2

1.7

2009

-10.2

74.0

3.7

12.0i

27.4

8.7

-1.9

21.8

-4.1

19.5

1.2

4.9

-7.5

5.3

-4.2

14.5b

5.7b

23.4

1.4

19.7

1.4

6.2

-0.8

5.6

-1.5

2010

-4.9

73.9

7.6

32.9

14.0

5.1

21.7

-0.3

15.8

-3.6

9.0

3.4

9.0

2.8

2011

6.5

74.7

7.1

22.4

11.6

2.9

23.1

1.3

17.5

-2.0

8.7

3.8

10.0

4.7

2012

1.6

74.8

5.5

20.9

12.2

-2.3

23.4

0.0

17.5

-2.2

9.4

3.2

9.1

3.5

2013

1.2

75.1

3.8

18.7

11.3

-2.7

23.5

1.8

18.6

2.8

7.6

-1.4

8.4

-0.6

2014

0.8

75.2

3.3

15.0

11.7

0.1

26.0b

2.9b

21.8b

4.3b

6.2

-2.5

7.6b

-2.4b

2015

2.9

76.7

2.4

13.1

10.8

-1.4

24.2

0.8

21.6

4.1

4.5

-4.9

6.6

-2.5

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2008 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

132 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.7: Auxiliary indicators for Ireland 

Ireland

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

2006

5.9

31.0

1.2

-5.2

2007

3.8

28.7

1.2

-6.4

2008

-4.4

24.8

1.4

-6.4

2009

-4.6

21.1

1.6e

-4.9

2010

2.0

17.6

1.6e

-1.5

2011

0.0

17.2

1.5e

-1.9

2012

-1.1

19.5

1.6e

-2.6

2013

1.1

18.2

1.6e

1.6

2014

8.5

20.5

1.5e

-1.8

2015

26.3

21.2

na

9.7*

Net external debt (% of GDP)

-194.3

-203.8

-153.2

-202.8

-278.4

-309.2

-348.4

-353.1

-418.7

-289.0*

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

9.8

22.9

7.4

22.3

16.3

14.5

24.9

27.8

36.8

72.3*

185.7

192.0

73.7

104.6

130.7

133.0

336.9

344.2

388.0

495.9*

-2.0

0.9

0.8

-3.7

-3.4

1.2

na

17.6

40.0

13.5

192.3

178.8

-2.4

1.4

-3.4

-5.2

1.0

-0.6

na

22.2

35.4

11.1

-3.1

1.1

-7.3

-3.2

-6.6

-3.8

44.8

20.3

14.9

8.2

200.8

190.1

254.9

276.7

-2.3

-1.6

10.5

0.8

14.8

3.6

37.2

11.0

-19.2

4.7

281.8

231.9

-2.8

-5.3

0.6

-3.7

-6.7

6.3

-3.2

-6.6

-2.7

-0.6

-4.1

0.5b

21.3

15.4b

1.0

-6.0

-34.9

3.0

282.6

182.9

-41.4

2.3

295.2

150.1

-3.0

-5.1

-6.2

-0.7

-0.5

-0.5

15.6

-7.7

-37.5

1.8

306.6

121.0

-3.2

-3.1

0.7

-1.7

-0.6

-1.4

13.5

-2.7

-1.8

-5.4

-1.8

10.7

6.7

6.4

-1.6

-1.3

41.2*

3.6

31.7

23.2

-14.9

-10.8

-16.3

-22.7

-25.9

2.0

290.8

92.5

3.4

2.3

306.2

84.0

30.7

1.9

323.6

80.6

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. na: not available. 
Note: * The level shift for 2015 is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

133 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.7 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Ireland 

Ireland

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

1.4

8.7

1.4

9.1

10.1b

10.8b

3 years change in pp

-1.6b

-1.1b

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

23.3

-1.1

18.5

-2.0

4.8

-0.8

12.9

1.4

23.1

-1.7

17.2

-3.7

4.5

-0.3

14.3

1.4

2006

4.6

2007

4.4

2008

-0.6

2009

-7.8

71.9

72.6b

72.1

70.6b

2010

-4.1

69.4

6.8

27.6

19.2

8.4

27.3

4.2

15.2

-2.0

5.7

1.2

22.9

8.6

2011

-0.5b

69.2

8.6

29.1

18.8

3.8

29.4

5.7

15.2

-0.3

7.8

2.3

24.2

10.5

2012

-0.6

69.2

9.0

30.4

18.7

0.1

30.0

4.3

15.7

0.7

9.8

3.7

23.4

3.4

2013

2.5

69.8

7.8

26.8

16.1

-3.1

29.5

2.2

14.1

-1.1

9.9

4.2

23.9

1.0

2014

1.7

69.8

6.6

23.9

15.2

-3.6

27.6

-1.8

15.6

0.4

8.4

0.6

21.1

-3.1

2015

2.5

70.0

5.3

20.9

14.3

-4.4

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

1.7

3.5

13.3

15.0

4.1

23.7

-1.3

15.5

-4.2

5.5

0.4

13.7

-1.0

24.0

18.6b

8.5b

25.7

2.4

15.0

-3.5

6.1

1.3

20.0

7.1

Flags: b: break in time series. 
Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: 2011 break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) IE: Official transmission deadline for 2015 data on People at risk of poverty or social exclusion is 30 November 2016, while data were
extracted on 24 October 2016.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

134 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.8: Auxiliary indicators for Greece 

Greece

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

2006

5.7

23.7

0.6e

2007

3.3

26.0

0.6e

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

-10.1

-13.3

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

60.1

2.0

14.7

-3.5

3.4

7.2e

2.1

-4.3

3.8

52.7

35.0

28.5e

10.0

92.9

66.1

0.7

16.1

-2.9

3.3

20.0

1.1

2.7

1.9

44.5

26.6

33.0e

10.8

101.8

2008

-0.3

23.8

0.7eb

-13.4

73.2

1.4

12.0

-3.8

2.8

16.7

-1.7

0.7

-1.6

43.0

21.0

21.9e

8.1

113.4

2009

-4.3

20.8

0.6e

-11.5

84.2

0.8

13.8

-2.2

2.5

-2.8

-2.3

-8.3

-3.8

48.2

21.0

3.8e

6.5

116.8

2010

-5.5

17.6

0.6e

-10.5

100.8

0.2

13.8

-3.0

5.0

-7.2

-1.0

-7.6

-3.0

47.5

22.7

2011

-9.1p

15.3p

0.7

-8.7

98.8

0.4

12.2

-3.6p

4.5

-8.1

-1.5p

-7.0p

-2.4p

2012

-7.3p

12.6p

0.7

-2.6

2013

-3.2p

12.2p

0.8

-0.4

2014

0.4p

11.6p

0.8

-0.2

2015

-0.2p

11.5p

1.0p

1.2

123.6

132.7

133.1

138.1

0.7

1.2

1.1

0.6

11.5

-4.0p

2.0

-16.3

-3.5p

-1.7p

-1.1p

12.0

-3.5p

-3.5

-18.5

-0.8p

-2.2p

-0.6p

11.8

-3.2p

-5.6

14.5

-2.2p

-5.2

-11.9

-18.9

1.3p

4.1p

5.8p

0.7p

0.3p

-0.7p

42.9p

28.3p

15.9p

11.1p

-0.2p

20.2

8.2

-1.5

-5.8

-12.6

-6.6e

-13.2e

-20.4e

-25.5e

-27.1e

-21.7e

5.0

128.1

4.6p

130.2

3.1p

131.5

2.2p

129.2

1.0p

128.5

0.7p

126.4

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

287.5

308.2

1196.7

954.9

1683.0

3047.9

1007.2

849.4

1030.0

1359.6

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = source NCB.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

135 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.8 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Greece 

Greece

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.8

66.7

4.9

25.0

12.0b

-6.0b

29.3

-3.6

20.5

-0.2

11.5

-5.4

8.1

-0.4

2007

1.3

66.5

4.2

22.7

11.3

-5.3

28.3

-2.6

20.3

0.4

11.5

-2.6

8.1

0.6

2008

1.3

2009

-0.6

66.7

67.4b

3.7

3.9

21.9

25.7

11.4b

12.4b

-4.5b

28.1

-1.3

20.1

0.5

11.2

-1.6

7.5

-0.1

0.4b

27.6

-1.7

19.7

-0.8

11.0

-0.5

6.6

-1.5

2010

-2.6

67.8

5.7

33.0

14.8

3.5

27.7

-0.6

20.1

-0.2

11.6

0.1

7.6

-0.5

2011

2012

2013

-6.9p

-6.3p

-2.6p

67.3

8.8

44.7

17.4

6.0

31.0

2.9

21.4

1.3

15.2

4.0

12.0

4.5

67.5

14.5

55.3

20.2

7.8

34.6

7.0

23.1

3.4

19.5

8.5

14.2

7.6

67.5

18.5

58.3

20.4

5.6

35.7

8.0

23.1

3.0

20.3

8.7

18.2

10.6

2014

0.0p

67.4

19.5

52.4

19.1

1.7

36.0

5.0

22.1

0.7

21.5

6.3

17.2

5.2

2015

0.5p

67.8

18.2

49.8

17.2

-3.0

35.7

1.1

21.4

-1.7

22.2p

2.7p

16.8

2.6

136 

 
 
 
Table 5.9: Auxiliary indicators for Spain 

Spain

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

2006

4.2p

2007

3.8p

2008

1.1p

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

31.1p

31.0p

29.2p

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

1.2

-8.4

61.4

2.6

42.3

1.2

-9.3

71.5

4.8

44.7

1.3

-8.8

78.1

4.8

45.1

2009

-3.6p

24.3p

1.4

-4.0

89.2

0.9

49.0

2010

0.0p

23.0p

1.4

-3.5

93.2

2.8

50.5

2011

-1.0p

21.5p

1.3

-2.8

97.0

2.2

51.6

2012

-2.9p

19.8p

1.3

0.3

95.7

1.8

53.3

2013

-1.7p

18.8p

1.3

2.2

94.3

3.8

56.3

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

-3.2p

-3.0p

-3.6p

-2.3p

-2.9p

-3.7p

-3.8p

-3.4p

-2.9p

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

3.7

3.0

4.9p

-4.6p

0.0p

3.5

4.4

2.6p

0.4p

0.5p

3.1

-4.6

-1.2p

-3.6p

0.9p

1.1

-1.3

4.3p

-0.8p

2.9p

0.9

-4.4

1.0p

-3.1p

1.8p

0.4

-0.2

-2.9p

0.4p

1.7p

0.8

-8.4

-5.4p

-1.8p

1.1p

0.4

-2.6

-2.0p

0.6p

0.9p

2014

1.4p

2015

3.2p

19.1p

19.7p

1.2

1.6

97.0

2.5

59.7

-0.6

-5.4

-7.5p

0.5p

na

2.0

93.1

2.1

59.8

-2.1p

-1.3

-1.5

-4.7p

2.2p

0.5p

0.7p

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

31.5p

33.8p

38.9p

38.2p

32.7p

27.4p

20.2p

16.1p

12.4p

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

15.7

17.3

18.3

50.8e

12.1p

192.4

337.2

41.4e

11.7p

205.5

403.6

22.7e

10.4p

209.3

615.8

13.9

1.1

8.1p

214.3

571.4

11.4

-9.6

6.9p

215.7

644.8

8.5

2.5

0.2

-4.0

-15.3

5.7p

214.0

702.5

-22.7

4.9p

206.6

774.9

-28.5

4.1p

197.1

590.3

-22.3

4.3p

185.4

477.5

8.9p

-6.2

-5.6

4.4p

173.1

468.4

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.  
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

137 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.9 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Spain 

Spain

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

4.2p

71.1

1.8

17.9

11.8b

-0.7b

24.0

na

20.3

1.3

4.1

na

6.4

na

2007

3.3p

71.8

1.7

18.1

12.0

-0.5

23.3

-1.7

19.7

-0.4

3.5

-1.3

6.8

-0.5

2008

0.2p

72.7

2.0

24.5

14.3

1.3

23.8b

-0.5b

19.8b

-0.3b

3.6

-0.5

6.6

-0.3

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

-6.3p

-1.7p

-2.7p

-4.0p

-2.6p

73.1

73.5

73.9

4.3

7.3

8.9

37.7

18.1

6.3

24.7

0.7

20.4

0.1

4.5

0.4

7.6

1.2

41.5

17.8

5.8

26.1

2.8

20.7

1.0

4.9

1.4

10.8

4.0

46.2

18.2

3.9

26.7

2.9

20.6

0.8

4.5

0.9

13.4

6.8

74.3

11.0

52.9

18.6

0.5

27.2

2.5

20.8

0.4

5.8

1.3

14.3

6.7

74.3

13.0

55.5

18.6

0.8

27.3

1.2

20.4

-0.3

6.2

1.3

15.7

4.9

2014

0.9p

74.2

12.9

53.2

17.1b

-1.1b

29.2

2.5

22.2

1.6

7.1

2.6

17.1

3.7

2015

2.5p

74.3

11.4

48.3

15.6

-3.0

28.6

1.4

22.1

1.3

6.4p

0.6p

15.4

1.1

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Young people neither in employment nor in education and training: 2014: change in the classification of non-formal education activities.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

138 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.10: Auxiliary indicators for France 

France

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

2.4

22.4

2.1

0.1

9.9

3.4

33.3

-2.4

-0.4

-5.1

-2.1

-3.9

1.3

14.6

0.4

48.9

6.5

147.0

232.0

2007

2.4

23.1

2.0

-0.2

13.0

3.2

34.8

-2.2

-1.4

-8.9

-2.6

-5.1

0.9

16.5

1.2

36.8b

6.7

150.5

293.0

2008

0.2

23.6

2.1

-0.9

22.7

2.3

34.2

-2.8

-1.2

-9.6

-3.2

-2.4

-0.3

20.1

1.0

19.7

6.8

2009

-2.9

22.0

2.2

-0.7

25.3

0.7

37.0

-2.0

-1.2

-7.2

0.2

-1.1

-1.8

23.3

0.4

0.1

6.3

157.4

414.3

165.2

338.3

2010

2.0

22.1

2.2b

-0.8

28.1

1.4

38.0

-2.4

-0.2

-10.7

0.2

-3.5

1.8

23.0

2.6

-0.8

6.3

165.4

348.8

2011

2.1

22.4

2.2

-0.9

28.3

1.5

40.2

-3.0

-0.4

-7.7

-0.7

-0.1

1.3

21.5

2.8

4.0

6.4

2012

0.2

22.5

2.2

-1.2

32.4

1.2

40.6

-3.3

-0.5

-8.9

-2.2

-0.4

-0.1

20.9

2.6

10.3

6.2

171.6

454.9

175.9

405.6

2013

0.6

22.1

2.2

-0.8

32.5

1.1

41.4

-3.1

-1.3

-6.7

-0.4

-1.8

0.3

2014

0.6p

2015

1.3p

21.8p

21.5p

2.3p

-1.0

36.4

0.0

41.7

-2.5p

-0.7

-7.7

-1.9p

-0.4p

na

-0.1

37.3

1.5

43.3

-1.8p

-0.4

-3.4

2.1p

3.4p

0.2p

0.8p

19.8

20.0p

17.9p

2.5

3.2

6.1

174.5

372.0

3.1

-4.0

6.0p

181.9

387.8

1.9

-4.9

5.8p

183.3

356.6

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

139 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.10 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for France 

France

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.1

69.6

3.5

22.0

11.3

0.9

18.8

na

13.2

1.2

5.0

na

9.1

na

2007

1.4

69.7

3.0

19.5

10.7

-0.2

19.0

-0.8

13.1

-0.4

4.7

-1.4

9.6

-0.7

2008

0.5

69.9

2.6

19.0

10.5

-0.7

18.5b

-0.4b

12.5b

-0.5b

5.4

0.1

8.8

0.1

2009

-1.1

70.3

3.0

23.6

12.7

1.4

18.5

-0.3

12.9

-0.3

5.6

0.6

8.4

-0.7

2010

0.1

70.3

3.5

23.3

12.7

2.0

19.2

0.2

13.3

0.2

5.8

1.1

9.9

0.3

2011

0.8

70.1

3.6

22.7

12.3

1.8

19.3

0.8

14.0

1.5

5.2

-0.2

9.4

0.6

2012

0.3

70.7

3.7

24.4

12.5

-0.2

19.1

0.6

14.1

1.2

5.3

-0.3

8.4

0.0

2013

0.3

71.1

4.0

2014

0.5p

71.4

4.2

24.9

24.3

11.2b

11.4b

-1.5b

-0.9b

18.1

-1.1

13.7

0.4

4.9

-0.9

8.1

-1.8

18.5

-0.8

13.3

-0.7

4.8

-0.4

9.6

0.2

2015

0.5p

71.5

4.3

24.7

12.0

-0.5

17.7

-1.4

13.6

-0.5

4.5

-0.8

8.6

0.2

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Young people neither in employment nor in education and training: 2014 data are further impacted from the changes in the questionnaire introduced in 2013 and inclusion of French overseas departments (DROM).
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

140 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.11: Auxiliary indicators for Croatia 

Croatia

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

4.8

26.6

0.7

-7.0

na

6.5

46.3

-3.7

5.5

32.5

8.6

-3.9

0.9

na

36.7

45.5

na

2007

5.2

26.8

0.8

-7.2

na

7.8

64.5

-3.9

4.4

23.9

7.9

-4.5

-4.1

na

29.6

46.8

na

2008

2.1

28.1

0.9

-9.0

na

7.6

42.2

-5.1

6.0

4.9

6.7

-2.0

-1.7

na

15.1

35.8

na

2009

-7.4

25.2

0.8

-5.1

na

5.0

50.9

-3.5

3.9

2.8

5.2

-3.9

-6.7

na

10.9

9.5

na

2010

-1.7

21.3

0.7

-1.1

na

2.4

54.1

-3.8

4.3

-6.0

5.6

-6.3

2.1

46.9

10.0

-8.4

na

101.4

370.3

111.6

239.3

120.3

479.9

133.3

482.3

143.8

459.4

2011

-0.3

20.3

0.8

-0.7

61.9

2.3

49.9

-5.4

-2.0

-8.4

4.4

-4.8

3.8

50.7

14.6

-10.9

na

142.7

491.7

2012

-2.2

19.6

0.8

-0.1

59.9

2.6

51.8

-5.6

-2.5

2013

-1.1

19.8

0.8

1.1

59.8

1.6

50.7

-5.1

-3.0

2014

-0.5

19.4

0.8

2.2

58.3

5.5

56.7

-4.0

-1.5

2015

1.6

19.5

0.9

5.6

52.7

0.4

55.0

-3.5

-1.1

-15.0

-15.9

-12.5

-1.5

2.6

-3.0

1.4

41.5

8.0

-7.6

na

143.1

455.6

1.3

-0.6

1.7

31.7

2.0

-5.3

na

143.9

487.9

0.6

3.9

-3.1

26.5

-2.0

-6.9

na

142.2

465.7

0.6

7.3

 0.1

23.3

-4.1

-8.2

na

140.2

427.0

Flags: na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

141 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.11 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Croatia 

Croatia

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

3.9

63.0e

6.4e

28.8i

14.2b

-3.8b

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

2007

9.7

65.7

6.0

25.2

12.9

-4.2

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

2008

3.8

65.8

5.3

23.7

11.6

-5.1

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

2009

-0.7

65.6

5.1

25.2

13.4

-0.8

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

2010

-3.8

65.1

6.6

32.4

15.7

2.8

31.1

na

20.6b

na

14.3

na

13.9

na

2011

-3.9

64.1

8.4

36.7

16.2

4.6

32.6

na

20.9

na

15.2

na

15.9

na

2012

-3.5

63.9

10.2

42.1

16.6

3.2

32.6

na

20.4

na

15.9

na

16.8

na

2013

-2.7

63.7

11.0

50.0

19.6

3.9

29.9

-1.2

19.5

-1.1

14.7

0.4

14.8

0.9

2014

2.7

66.1

10.1

45.5

19.3

3.1

29.3

-3.3

19.4

-1.5

13.9

-1.3

14.7

-1.2

2015

1.5

66.8

10.3

43.0

18.5

1.9

29.1

-3.5

20.0

-0.4

13.7

-2.2

14.4

-2.3

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

142 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.12: Auxiliary indicators for Italy 

Italy

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

2.0

21.5

1.1

-1.4

na

2.9

2007

1.5

21.6

1.1

-1.3

na

3.0

19.7

21.4

-3.2

0.3

-2.6

-3.9

-1.3

0.0

23.5

9.7

20.8

5.7

-2.9

-0.1

0.0

-4.4

-1.7

0.2

22.6

7.7

19.5

5.8

2008

-1.1

21.2

1.2

-2.8

37.0

-0.5

18.8

-3.6

0.0

-6.4

-8.0

-5.9

-1.3

30.0

11.4

13.9

5.8

105.0

253.4

112.7

353.3

116.3

764.1

2009

-5.5

20.0

1.2

-1.9

41.2

0.9

22.1

-2.6

0.4

2010

1.7

19.9

1.2

-3.4

47.7

0.4

20.3

-3.2

0.7

2011

0.6

19.7

1.2

-2.9

45.8

1.5

21.5

-3.7

0.9

2012

-2.8

18.4

1.3

-0.1

52.3

0.0

23.2

-3.8

1.4

2013

-1.7

17.2

1.3

1.0

56.4

0.9

23.8

-3.3

1.0

-10.9

-12.4

-11.9

-16.7

-12.5

-1.3

-7.9

-3.9

33.6

11.5

7.2

5.6

125.0

694.4

-2.1

-0.7

2.3

32.9

13.7

1.3b

5.6

125.8

-1.7

-1.8

0.3

29.6

12.6

-0.6p

5.3

125.3

-4.2

-0.6

-2.5

26.5

10.3

-2.8p

5.0

127.3

905.2

1220.6

1237.7

-0.6

-3.0

0.1

22.2

6.5

2014

0.1

16.6

1.4e

2.1

58.7

0.8

25.1

-2.6

0.4

-8.4

-4.2

-0.8

0.0

19.4

3.9

2015

0.7

16.6

na

1.8

59.7

0.7

25.6

-2.0

-0.5

-7.0

2.1

1.6

 0.2

17.6

3.0

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

-7.7p

-12.4p

-12.2p

4.8

124.8

939.7

4.5

123.5

784.0

4.4

120.1

657.3

143 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.12 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Italy 

Italy

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

2.0

62.6

3.3

21.8

16.8b

0.2b

25.9

na

19.3

0.3

6.4

na

11.3

na

2007

1.2

62.4

2.9

20.4

16.1

-0.7

26.0

-0.2

19.5

0.6

7.0

0.0

10.2

-2.1

2008

0.2

62.9

3.0

21.2

16.6

-0.5

25.5

-0.1

18.9

-0.3

7.5

0.7

10.4

-0.6

2009

-1.7

62.3

3.4

25.3

17.6

0.8

24.9

-1.0

18.4

-0.9

7.3

0.9

9.2

-2.1

2010

-0.6

62.0

4.0

27.9

19.0

2.9

25.0

-1.0

18.7

-0.8

7.4

0.4

10.6

0.4

2011

0.3

62.1

4.3

29.2

19.7

3.1

28.1

2.6

19.8

0.9

11.1

3.6

10.5

0.1

2012

-0.3

63.5

5.6

35.3

21.0

3.4

29.9

5.0

19.5

1.1

14.5

7.2

10.6

1.4

2013

-1.8

63.4

6.9

40.0

22.2

3.2

28.5

3.5

19.3

0.6

12.3

4.9

11.3

0.7

2014

0.1

63.9

7.7

42.7

22.1

2.4

28.3

0.2

19.4

-0.4

11.6

0.5

12.1

1.6

2015

0.6

64.0

6.9

40.3

21.4

0.4

28.7

-1.2

19.9

0.4

11.5

-3.0

11.7

1.1

144 

 
 
 
Table 5.13: Auxiliary indicators for Cyprus 

Cyprus

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

4.5

25.1

0.4

na

na

na

na

-5.0

1.0

2007

4.8

25.5

0.4

na

na

na

na

-5.1

-0.4

2008

3.9

27.2

0.4

-15.3

58.3

8.7

2009

-1.8

23.4

0.4

-7.3

70.0

10.8

2010

1.3

22.3

0.5

-11.0

70.9

53.3

2011

0.3

18.9

0.5

-3.7

127.1

-43.5

2012

-3.2

15.1

0.4

-5.8

137.4

30.5

2013

-6.0

14.1

0.5

-3.5

140.2

-25.0

2014

-1.5

11.7

0.5

-3.5

2015

1.7p

13.3p

na

-2.6

136.4

133.4

-2.2

41.0

701.6

711.8

773.4

700.1

867.4

864.9

851.3

-6.4

-0.7

-4.6

-1.3

-6.0

0.4

-6.8

0.7

-7.6

2.0

-16.2e

-10.7e

-16.9e

-1.5e

-9.0e

-3.5e

-12.8e

0.5

-8.2

2.6

35.0

12.6

31.2e

11.9

263.3

397.6

3.3

-2.6

0.4

32.4

10.9

32.8e

12.3

270.0

360.1

0.1

-3.5

0.3

37.2

12.7

32.0

12.1

289.5

127.6

-1.2

6.1

-1.8

45.5

12.9

10.3

9.8

310.9

147.6

0.2

-8.0

0.8

42.5

13.0

-0.1

-1.4

0.3

41.8

14.4

-0.8

-5.6

0.0

39.0

12.3

-6.9p

-13.3p

-10.1p

8.1

320.6

121.3

6.2

327.3

138.0

4.9

329.8

103.0

-8.5p

4.1

342.4

91.0

-8.7p

-4.6bp

4.1

355.6

98.9

4.3p

354.9

85.0

911.2

-4.2p

-2.4

-5.9

-0.1

-18.0

-15.0

0.1

0.5

-0.8p

-2.7

0.4p

0.9p

-6.3

1.0

-7.1

-0.2

-1.6

0.0

20.6

14.0p

2.9

-1.6

5.4p

-4.1

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.13 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Cyprus 

Cyprus

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.9

73.0

0.9

10.0

10.7b

1.8b

25.4

na

15.6

na

12.6

na

3.8

na

2007

4.4

73.9

0.7

10.2

9.0

-0.4

25.2

na

15.5

2008

3.5

2009

0.0

73.6

73.0b

0.5

9.0

9.7

0.6

13.8

9.9b

-9.8

-0.8b

23.3b

-2.0b

15.9b

na

-0.2b

13.3

na

3.7

na

9.1

-3.1

4.5b

0.1b

23.5

-1.9

15.8

0.2

9.5

-3.1

4.0

0.2

2010

0.5

73.6

1.3

16.6

11.7

2.7

24.6

-0.6

15.6

0.1

11.2

-2.1

4.9

1.2

2011

0.0

73.5

1.6

22.4

14.6

4.9

24.6

1.3

14.8

-1.1

11.7

2.6

4.9

0.4

2012

-3.2

73.5

3.6

27.7

16.0

6.1

27.1

3.6

14.7

-1.1

15.0

5.5

6.5

2.5

2013

-5.9

73.6

6.1

38.9

18.7

7.0

27.8

3.2

15.3

-0.3

16.1

4.9

7.9

3.0

2014

-1.9p

74.3

7.7

36.0

17.0

2.4

27.4

2.8

14.4

-0.4

15.3

3.6

9.7

4.8

2015

0.8p

73.9

6.8

32.8

15.3

-0.7

28.9

1.8

16.2

1.5

15.4

0.4

10.9

4.4

146 

 
 
 
Table 5.14: Auxiliary indicators for Latvia 

Latvia

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

2006

11.9

34.2

0.7

2007

9.9

36.4

0.6

2008

-3.6

32.1

0.6

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

-19.6

-18.9

-11.0

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

40.9

7.9

34.2

-5.3

4.4

93.6

0.4

-2.0

5.8

57.2

36.7

46.1

8.8

35.3

-4.3

10.8

114.6

7.8

5.9

5.9

96.3

67.7

53.9

3.7

36.0

-5.5

21.5

96.7

3.9

-0.4

-2.8

133.0

88.4

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

97.6e

162.1e

113.8e

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

5.2

106.1

7.2

116.1

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

1083.8

1007.6

6.1

120.7

985.8

2009

-14.3

22.5

0.5

10.2

58.6

-0.2

46.3

-4.4

18.9

65.5

1.5

-2.7

0.0

99.6

55.7

-13.6

2.4

145.5

831.3

2010

-3.8

19.4

0.6

4.0

55.7

1.9

49.7

-4.9

8.3

31.6

2.6

0.9

3.1

80.3

46.4

-43.6

1.6

151.1

795.3

2011

6.2

22.2

0.7

-1.1

47.3

5.3

50.2

-5.5

0.3

38.2

6.3

5.0

4.6

77.5

46.7

-38.4

1.9

131.6

690.8

2012

4.0

25.4

0.7

-0.6

39.5

3.8

49.7

-6.1

-0.7

20.8

-1.3

6.9

2.5

88.6

53.4

1.2

2.3

2013

2.9

23.2

0.6

-0.2

36.5

3.3

54.1

-5.6

0.2

16.1

1.0

-2.6

0.6

90.0

54.4

21.5

2.2

119.6

684.2

110.5

609.8

2014

2.1

22.6

0.7

1.2

33.0

3.4

56.5

-4.2

-1.3

17.6

-0.4

0.2

3.5

87.5

51.0

16.6

2.5

104.6

642.6

2015

2.7

22.6

0.6p

2.0

28.6

2.8

60.1

-2.9

-2.0

12.8

0.2

-0.1

 1.4

71.7

39.1

 9.5

1.8

97.6

625.4

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.  
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

147 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.14 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Latvia 

Latvia

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

5.8

71.0

2.4

13.6

11.5b

-1.4b

42.2

na

23.5

na

31.3

na

7.1

na

2007

3.8

72.6

1.6

10.6

11.9

-0.5

35.1

2008

-0.8

74.2

1.9

13.6

11.8

1.2

34.2b

na

-12.1b

21.2

5.2

24.0

na

6.2

na

25.9

6.5

19.3

-20.0

5.4

-2.9

2009

-14.3

73.5

4.5

33.3

17.5

6.0

37.9

-4.3

26.4

2.9

22.1

-9.2

7.4

0.3

2010

-6.7

73.0

8.8

36.2

17.8

5.9

38.2

3.1

20.9

-0.3

27.6

3.6

12.6

6.4

2011

1.5

72.8

8.8

31.0

16.0

4.2

40.1

5.9

19.0

-6.9

31.0

11.7

12.6

7.2

2012

1.4

74.4

7.8

28.5

14.9

-2.6

36.2

-1.7

19.2

-7.2

25.6

3.5

11.7

4.3

2013

2.3

74.0

5.7

23.2

13.0

-4.8

35.1

-3.1

19.4

-1.5

24.0

-3.6

10.0

-2.6

2014

-1.3

74.6

4.6

19.6

12.0

-4.0

32.7

-7.4

21.2

2.2

19.2

-11.8

9.6

-3.0

2015

1.3

75.7

4.5

16.3

10.5

-4.4

30.9

-5.3

22.5

3.3

16.4

-9.2

7.8

-3.9

148 

 
 
 
Table 5.15: Auxiliary indicators for Lithuania 

Lithuania

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

2006

7.4

25.9

0.8

-9.0

18.9

6.8

35.3

-3.3

0.9

2007

11.1

28.6

0.8

2008

2.6

26.0

0.8

-12.9

-11.4

28.1

5.8

36.6

-4.2

4.6

35.3

4.0

29.9

-5.7

10.4

65.3e

43.3e

59.2e

7.0

3.1

7.7

39.8

21.1

7.6

-4.7

8.9

28.2

7.5

11.5

10.7

4.0

31.8

5.5

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

74.3e

103.7e

76.7e

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

2.5

64.5

2.8

80.7

3.4

81.9

2009

-14.8

17.9

0.8

6.4

37.8

0.1

37.0

-4.1

12.9

41.9

-1.3

-2.6

-7.7

27.8

0.5

-3.5

3.3

86.7

2010

1.6

16.9

0.8

3.5

35.8

2.3

38.6

-7.1

9.9

28.7

-2.2

6.4

7.3

29.4

4.8

2011

6.0

18.5

0.9

-0.7

32.1

3.5

37.9

-7.6

4.7

41.4

-0.4

7.9

5.5

34.9

10.2

-29.3

-30.8

2.1

78.3

2.0

68.5

2012

3.8

17.4

0.9

1.7

34.0

1.4

38.2

-7.5

1.7

48.2

-2.1

9.3

2.0

35.2

9.7

-1.5

1.9

64.9

2013

3.5

18.4

1.0

4.7

29.2

1.5

38.7

-6.1

1.4

30.8

-5.4

5.9

2.1

38.5

13.0

7.7

2.2

61.5

2014

3.5

18.5

1.0

6.3

28.2

1.1

38.4

-4.7

-0.1

44.5

-0.8

-0.2

1.5

37.4

11.3

7.5

2.5

57.2

2015

1.8

19.3

1.0p

0.7

26.4

2.3

40.0

-3.5

-1.4

17.9

2.2

-3.1

 0.5

35.3

10.0

11.7

2.8

57.5

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

729.3

774.3

1008.0

783.0

605.9

616.2

616.7

578.1

439.1

467.9

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.  
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

149 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.15 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Lithuania 

Lithuania

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. u: low reliability. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

2006

-0.3

67.6

2.6

10.0

8.3b

3 years change in pp

-2.0b

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

35.9

na

20.0

3.0

25.3

na

8.3

na

2007

2.0

67.9

1.4u

8.4

7.1

-3.5

28.7

na

19.1

2.1

16.6

na

6.4

na

2008

-1.3

68.4

1.3u

13.3

8.8

0.0

28.3

-12.7

20.9

0.4

12.5

-20.1

6.1

-3.5

2009

-7.7

69.6

3.3

29.6

12.1

3.8

29.6

-6.3

20.3

0.3

15.6

-9.7

7.2

-1.1

2010

-5.3

70.2

7.4

35.7

13.2

6.1

34.0

5.3

20.5

1.4

19.9

3.3

9.5

3.1

2011

0.5

71.4

8.0

32.6

11.8

3.0

33.1

4.8

19.2

-1.7

19.0

6.5

12.7

6.6

2012

1.8

71.8

6.6

26.7

11.2

-0.9

32.5

2.9

18.6

-1.7

19.8

4.2

11.4

4.2

2013

1.3

72.4

5.1

21.9

11.1

-2.1

30.8

-3.2

20.6

0.1

16.0

-3.9

11.0

1.5

2014

2.0

73.7

4.8

19.3

9.9

-1.9

27.3

-5.8

19.1

-0.1

13.6

-5.4

8.8

-3.9

2015

1.3

74.1

3.9

16.3

9.2

-2.0

29.3

-3.2

22.2

3.6

13.9

-5.9

9.2

-2.2

150 

 
 
 
Table 5.16: Auxiliary indicators for Luxembourg 

Luxembourg

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

2006

5.1

18.9

1.7

9.3

2007

8.4

20.1

1.6e

9.4

2008

-0.8

21.5

1.6

7.0

2009

-5.4

19.7

1.7

6.2

2010

5.8

17.6

1.5

6.2

2011

2.0

19.5

1.5

5.7

2012

0.0

20.6

1.3b

4.9

2013

4.2

19.5

1.3

3.8

2014

4.7

19.5

1.3

2.9

2015

3.5

19.0

na

4.1

Net external debt (% of GDP)

-2541.9

-2616.1

-2167.1

-2738.6

-2989.6

-2362.2

-2354.5

-2209.5

-2218.1

-2220.9

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

307.6

377.0

184.7

418.6

426.2

684.8

972.1

798.4

200.2

766.4

2626.4

2788.4

3006.2

3573.9

3661.8

4699.5

5394.3

5716.1

7545.4

8616.9

-5.9

3.6

30.7

3.3

3.5

1.2

19.3

11.0

41.1

2.9

233.5

60.1

-5.4

3.0

37.8

1.4

1.0

3.8

20.0

10.5

32.5b

3.8

455.5

57.3

-6.7

2.1

28.8

1.1

3.2

-5.3

31.5

17.3

22.9

4.1

-4.2

0.9

21.3

3.0

-1.8

-6.4

41.7

22.1

9.3

3.4

-4.9

1.7

11.7

3.2

-6.0

3.9

39.3

19.2

7.7

2.9

-5.9

-6.3

2.0

5.0

2.1

-3.4

-0.9

37.0

15.2

8.0

3.0

2.8

0.5

3.5

-0.2

-2.4

38.2

16.8

13.9

3.2

-5.4

1.7

13.0

1.9

2.6

2.3

36.0

17.2

13.4

3.3

-4.5

0.8

19.6

0.6

8.4

2.0

34.4

16.1

14.2

2.9

380.7

449.4

387.3

396.4

414.4

394.6

401.3

69.0

55.0

47.0

56.5

59.9

57.0

54.5

-3.1

0.3

25.5

0.0

10.1

 0.9

29.8

11.1

15.5

3.9

425.1

53.9

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

151 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.16 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Luxembourg 

Luxembourg

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

3.8

2007

4.4

2008

4.8

2009

1.0

66.7

66.9b

66.8

68.7b

1.4

1.2

1.6

1.2

15.5i

6.7b

1.6b

16.5

0.7

14.1

2.2

1.1

-0.8

5.2

-0.9

15.6

5.7b

-0.6b

15.9

-0.2

13.5

0.8

0.8

0.0

5.0

-1.2

17.3

6.2

0.7

15.5

-1.8

13.4

-0.3

0.7

-1.1

4.7

-1.0

16.5

5.8b

-0.9b

17.8

1.3

14.9

0.8

1.1

0.0

6.3

1.1

2010

1.8

68.2

1.3

15.8

5.1

-0.6

17.1

1.2

14.5

1.0

0.5

-0.3

5.5

0.5

2011

3.0

67.9

1.4

16.4

4.7

-1.5

16.8

1.3

13.6

0.2

1.2

0.5

5.8

1.1

2012

2.4

69.4

1.6

18.0

5.9

0.1

18.4

0.6

15.1

0.2

1.3

0.2

6.1

-0.2

2013

1.8

69.9

1.8

16.9

5.0

-0.1

19.0

1.9

15.9

1.4

1.8

1.3

6.6

1.1

2014

2.6

2015

2.6

70.8

70.9b

1.6

1.9

22.3

6.3

1.6

19.0

2.2

16.4

2.8

1.4

0.2

6.1

0.3

16.6

6.2b

0.3b

18.5

0.1

15.3

0.2

2.0

0.7

5.7

-0.4

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2006 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

152 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.17: Auxiliary indicators for Hungary 

Hungary

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

116.4

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

95.6

na

3.7

96.1

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

141.2

2006

3.9

23.6

1.0

-6.4

11.2

16.3

2007

0.4

23.7

1.0

-6.4

26.5

49.9

2008

0.9

23.3

1.0

-5.8

67.4

47.8

2009

-6.6

22.8

1.1

0.9

78.8

-2.6

2010

0.7

20.3

1.2

2.1

50.0

-16.1

2011

1.7

19.8

1.2

3.1

68.7

9.9

2012

-1.6

19.4

1.3

4.3

69.3

8.1

2013

2.1

20.9

1.4

7.4

59.9

-2.8

2014

4.0

21.8

1.4

5.8

57.0

9.3

2015

3.1

21.7

1.4

7.8

23.0

-2.2

145.1

177.5

219.0

228.0

215.4

237.4

228.1

212.3

217.9

222.1

-6.2

3.6

38.7

-2.3

10.0

3.4

-4.6

8.9

41.3

-3.1

8.2

0.3

92.4

73.1

na

4.0

-6.2

8.5

39.4

-4.0

4.1

2.9

79.9

57.0

na

4.1

-4.9

5.3

22.4

-2.6

-1.2

-4.2

74.0

46.1

na

4.2

-5.1

0.0

11.8

-0.8

-1.2

1.8

53.6

31.3

-5.3

3.1

109.8

117.3

120.2

136.3

132.2

136.9

130.3

121.0

-6.0

-2.5

6.6

-0.9

-0.5

1.7

40.2

20.8

-10.7

2.2

129.9

130.2

-6.4

4.4

-6.3

-3.2

-11.9

-15.3

-2.2

-4.7

-1.8

36.9

17.6

-9.2

2.0

119.1

120.4

-0.3

0.5

1.0

28.3

11.1

-9.4

1.8

111.5

126.9

-6.2

-7.2

-9.4

-0.9

6.1

-0.8

26.5

8.4

-2.2

2.1

107.8

127.2

-4.2

-7.1

-6.0

-0.2

5.0

 0.5

24.4

8.8

13.0

1.9

99.1

114.1

Flags: na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

153 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.17 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Hungary 

Hungary

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

0.4

62.0

3.4

19.1

12.4b

-0.2b

31.4

na

15.9

4.9

20.9

na

13.1

na

2007

0.1

61.6

3.5

18.1

11.5

-1.2

29.4

na

12.3

2.3

19.9

na

11.3

na

2008

-2.0

61.2

3.6

19.5i

11.5

-1.4

28.2

-3.9

12.4

-1.1

17.9

-5.0

12.0

2.5

2009

-2.5

61.2

4.2

26.4

13.6

1.2

29.6

-1.8

12.4

-3.5

20.3

-0.6

11.3

-1.8

2010

-1.1

61.9

5.5

26.4

12.6

1.1

29.9

0.5

12.3

0.0

21.6

1.7

11.9

0.6

2011

0.0

62.4

5.2

26.0

13.2

1.7

31.5

3.3

14.1

1.7

23.4

5.5

12.8

0.8

2012

0.2

63.7

5.0

28.2

14.8

1.2

33.5

3.9

14.3

1.9

26.3

6.0

13.5

2.2

2013

1.1

64.7

4.9

26.6

15.5

2.9

34.8

4.9

15.0

2.7

27.8

6.2

13.6

1.7

2014

4.8

67.0

3.7

20.4

13.6

0.4

31.8

0.3

15.0

0.9

24.0

0.6

12.8

0.0

2015

2.6

68.6

3.1

17.3

11.6b

-3.2b

28.2

-5.3

14.9

0.6

19.4

-6.9

9.4

-4.1

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2008 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

154 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.18: Auxiliary indicators for Malta 

Malta

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

2006

1.8

22.0

0.6

-3.0

2007

4.0

22.4

0.6

-0.7

2008

3.3

19.6

0.5

-0.7

2009

-2.5

18.2

0.5

-5.4

2010

3.5

21.4

0.6

-2.7

2011

1.8

18.4

0.7

1.0

2012

2.9

18.2

0.8

3.6

2013

4.5

17.1

0.8

4.6

2014

3.5

18.2

0.8

8.7

2015

6.2

25.4

0.8p

4.9

Net external debt (% of GDP)

-323.6

-385.9

-428.8

-334.8

-490.7

-493.2

-476.5

-369.4

-311.1

-262.7

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

371.6

451.2

164.7

16.8

106.3

81.6

35.9

6.2

-1.4

25.8

1111.2

1549.3

1636.5

1698.3

1859.2

2013.5

2039.4

1972.6

1935.5

1867.3

-4.5

0.9

na

2.1

8.0

0.3

na

3.8

50.9e

7.0

173.0

61.7

-1.4

-0.7

na

2.1

3.0

1.7

na

4.5

56.2e

7.4

174.5

49.0

-2.3

0.6

23.4

0.0

16.6

0.8

na

4.9

61.1

5.6

0.0

1.5

58.1

1.0

9.8

-2.5

na

6.7

28.6

4.3

1.1

3.5

49.1

1.6

-5.6

1.8

30.4

9.8

7.4

3.4

-2.8

1.8

28.4

1.2

-4.9

-1.1

28.2

9.0

-4.6

3.4

-12.1

-9.2

-15.6

1.1

25.6

0.2

4.3

0.3

31.2

12.5

2.7

3.0

0.1

8.1

1.1

-3.6

0.7

28.5

11.2

1.2

2.8

0.7

2.0

-3.9

-1.6

28.3

10.2

5.3

2.6

190.7

211.3

214.1

219.9

215.6

208.0

211.0

50.4

50.4

46.2

41.2

39.3

38.8

41.9

-10.4

-6.8

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = Eurostat estimates.  
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

-9.8

1.0

0.8

-0.6

 2.7

29.8

10.7

6.2p

3.4

204.7

37.1

155 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.18 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Malta 

Malta

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.5

57.9

2.7

15.5

10.3b

-9.1b

19.5

na

14.2

na

3.9

na

9.7

na

2007

2.2

58.8

2.7

13.5

11.5

-1.6

19.7

na

15.1

0.1

4.4

na

9.6

na

2008

2.5

59.1

2.6

11.7

8.3

-3.6

20.1

-0.4

15.3

1.0

4.3

-1.1

8.6

-1.0

2009

0.0

59.4

2.9

14.5

9.9

-0.4

20.3

0.8

14.9

0.7

5.0

1.1

9.2

2010

1.7

60.4

3.1

13.2

9.5

-2.0

21.2

1.5

15.5

0.4

6.5

2.1

9.2

-0.5

-0.4

2011

2.9

61.8

3.0

13.3

10.2

1.9

22.1

2.0

15.6

0.3

6.6

2.3

8.9

0.3

2012

2.5

63.1

3.1

14.1

10.6

0.7

23.1

2.8

15.1

0.2

9.2

4.2

9.0

2013

3.7

65.0

2.9

13.0

9.9

0.4

24.0

2.8

15.7

0.2

9.5

3.0

9.0

-0.2

-0.2

2014

5.1

66.3

2.7

11.7

10.5

0.3

23.8

1.7

15.9

0.3

10.2

3.6

9.8

0.9

2015

3.4

67.6

2.4

11.8

10.4

-0.2

22.4

-0.7

16.3

1.2

8.1

-1.1

9.2

0.2

156 

 
 
 
Table 5.19: Auxiliary indicators for Netherlands 

Netherlands

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

3.5

21.3

1.8

8.9

43.2

51.6

2007

3.7

21.8

1.7

5.3

46.4

85.9

2008

1.7

22.3

1.6

5.0

59.8

17.8

2009

-3.8

21.3

1.7

5.6

63.7

11.1

2010

1.4

19.7

1.7

6.6

71.9

14.6

2011

1.7

20.3

1.9b

8.8

67.7

37.5

2012

-1.1

18.9

1.9b

9.0

52.3

29.8

2013

-0.2

17.9

2.0

10.0

52.2

37.9

2014

1.4

18.0

2.0

8.8

51.8

11.3

340.5

409.0

404.8

422.0

436.6

478.0

509.3

540.8

555.2

-1.1

-1.8

5.7

1.2

-2.5

1.3

18.1

7.7

13.6

6.2

-1.2

-1.8

7.0

0.4

-2.3

0.7

19.8

8.4

14.5

6.3

-0.7

-2.3

4.5

-0.2

-1.0

0.1

22.4

7.1

11.7

6.2

-0.7

-1.1

2.6

1.0

1.3

-2.9

27.1

7.2

2.4

5.6

221.7

224.8

220.9

218.2

222.2

219.2

242.5

171.9

-1.5

-1.0

-0.6

-0.4

-2.0

2.1

-1.9

-0.1

0.1

-2.1

-2.6

0.8

21.3

19.0

4.3

-4.0

4.7

243.9

160.9

3.8

-8.0

4.2

245.3

152.1

-2.6

-0.4

-2.4

-2.3

0.9

-0.9

17.1

1.8

-10.1

3.5

243.7

137.1

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

2015

2.0p

19.4p

na

3.6

40.0

13.4

580.5

-1.0p

1.0

-6.4

-0.9p

2.3p

-1.4

1.4

-2.8

-1.7

-1.6

1.0

-1.6

1.3

-4.2

-2.6

0.8

1.7p

1.0p

15.7

15.8p

15.3p

1.4

1.6

1.5

-14.1

3.0

238.9

127.7

-11.6

-1.9

3.0

3.7p

238.1

236.3p

127.9

129.7p

157 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.19 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Netherlands 

Netherlands

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

2.2

77.4

1.7

10.0

4.0b

-1.1b

16.0

na

9.7

-1.3

2.3

na

10.9

na

2007

3.0

78.5

1.2

9.4

3.5

-1.8

15.7

na

10.2

-0.8

1.7

na

9.7

na

2008

1.6

79.3

0.9

8.6

3.4

-1.9

14.9

-1.8

10.5

-0.2

1.5

-1.0

8.2

-1.6

2009

-0.9

2010

-0.7

2011

0.9

79.7

78.2b

78.1b

0.8

1.2

1.6

2012

-0.2

79.0

1.9

10.2

4.1

0.1

15.1

-0.9

11.1

1.4

1.4

-0.9

8.5

-2.4

11.1

4.3b

0.8b

15.1

-0.6

10.3

0.1

2.2

0.5

8.4

-1.3

10.0

11.7

4.3

0.9

15.7

0.8

11.0

0.5

2.5

1.0

8.9

0.7

4.9

0.8

15.0

-0.1

10.1

-1.0

2.3

0.9

8.9

0.4

2013

-1.2

79.4

2.5

13.2

5.6b

1.3b

15.9

0.8

10.4

0.1

2.5

0.3

9.3

0.9

2014

-0.2p

79.0

2.9

12.7

5.5

1.2

16.5

0.8

11.6

0.6

3.2

0.7

10.2

1.3

2015

0.9p

79.6

3.0

11.3

4.7

-0.2

16.8p

1.8p

12.1p

2.0p

2.5p

0.2p

10.2

1.3

158 

 
 
 
Table 5.20: Auxiliary indicators for Austria 

Austria

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

3.4

22.7

2.4

3.0

13.4

3.2

61.6

-3.5

-0.6

12.9

-0.9

-2.0

1.6

4.9

-5.7

7.3e

4.2

137.0

211.7

2007

3.6

23.0

2.4

3.8

15.5

17.4

75.4

-2.8

-0.6

11.5

-2.0

-0.5

1.8

6.8

-4.8

14.4e

4.2

141.3

204.4

2008

1.5

23.4

2.6e

4.5

23.3

1.5

73.2

-3.5

-0.7

6.3

-4.1

-0.5

-0.4

10.6

-4.5

10.1e

4.3

143.6

289.9

2009

-3.8

22.5

2.6

2.6

20.7

3.5

81.6

-2.4

-0.3

1.9

-1.5

-4.8

-3.4

16.4

-3.2

9.9e

4.4

146.2

237.1

2010

1.9

21.6

2.7e

2.9

28.1

-5.5

75.1

-2.9

0.1

-5.5

-2.5

1.3

1.2

16.3

-1.2

11.5be

4.4

148.3

228.9

2011

2.8

22.5

2.7

1.5

24.1

5.4

73.2

-3.7

1.2

-4.5

-3.1

-1.0

1.2

16.2

-0.4

17.3e

4.4

146.2

245.0

2012

0.7

22.7

2.9e

1.3

25.9

1.3

75.0

-3.9

1.3

2013

0.1

23.1

3.0

1.8

20.2

0.1

75.5

-3.5

1.6

2014

0.6

22.7

3.1e

2.3

20.6

0.4

78.4

-3.0

1.6

2015

1.0

22.6

3.1ep

1.4

20.1

1.1

80.9

-2.3

2.3

-12.3

-10.5

-10.0

-7.7

-3.1

-1.2

-0.3

19.3

2.1

21.1e

4.3

146.1

220.0

-1.6

-3.2

-0.2

20.2

3.6

19.9

4.4

147.7

204.5

-3.2

-1.4

-0.3

22.8

5.3

16.8

4.3

144.2

196.4

-0.2

0.9

 0.3

23.3

5.7

14.2

4.3

145.1

186.7

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 
Note: 1) House price index: e = source NCB.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

159 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.20 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Austria 

Austria

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

2006

1.7

2007

1.8

72.4

73.5b

1.5

9.8

7.8b

1.7b

17.8

2.1

12.6

-0.6

3.6

0.3

8.1

1.3

9.4

7.4b

-1.7b

16.7

-1.2

12.0

-1.0

3.3

-0.5

8.2

1.4

3 years change in pp

-32.8

2008

1.9

73.9

1.0

8.5

7.4

-1.2

20.6b

3.2b

15.2b

2.6b

5.9

2.4

7.4b

0.1b

2009

-0.4

74.3

1.2

10.7

8.2

0.4

19.1

1.3

14.5

1.9

4.6

1.0

7.1

2010

0.7

74.4

1.2

9.5

7.4

0.0

18.9

2.2

14.7

2.7

4.3

1.0

7.8

-1.0

-0.4

2011

1.6

74.6

1.2

8.9

7.3

-0.1

19.2

-1.4

14.5

-0.7

4.0

-1.9

8.6

1.2

2012

1.0

75.1

1.2

9.4

6.8

-1.4

18.5

-0.6

14.4

-0.1

4.0

-0.6

7.7

0.6

2013

0.3

75.5

1.3

9.7

7.3

-0.1

18.8

-0.1

14.4

-0.3

4.2

-0.1

7.8

0.0

2014

0.9

75.4

1.5

2015

0.6

75.5

1.7

10.3

10.6

7.7

0.4

19.2

0.0

14.1

-0.4

4.0

0.0

9.1

0.5

7.5

0.7

18.3

-0.2

13.9

-0.5

3.6

-0.4

8.2

0.5

160 

 
 
 
Table 5.21: Auxiliary indicators for Poland 

Poland

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

2006

6.2

20.4

0.6

-3.4

16.7

6.2

36.1

-2.4

13.6

2007

7.0

22.5

0.6

-5.3

19.7

5.8

38.4

-2.6

18.9

2008

4.2

23.1

0.6

-5.6

28.3

2.7

39.7

-3.0

14.5

67.5e

70.9e

68.4e

3.1

6.1

2.9

na

21.8

na

3.4

49.9

5.5

2.1

2.4

na

7.7

na

3.7

4.5

4.3

0.4

na

2.9

na

3.8

56.8

69.7

2009

2.8

21.4

0.7

-2.3

30.1

3.2

40.4

-2.2

-6.2

45.8

4.5

4.3

2.4

na

-4.5

na

3.4

69.5

2010

3.6

20.3

0.7

-3.6

32.5

3.7

48.5

-2.6

-0.2

34.9

1.7

0.6

6.4b

13.7b

-3.1

na

3.2

72.7

2011

5.0

20.7

0.8

-3.2

35.1

3.4

47.3

-3.3

-9.6

25.7

0.2

0.9

4.4

7.9

-7.4

2012

1.6

19.8

0.9

-1.5

35.7

1.5

47.7

-3.4

7.1

13.5

-2.6

1.7

1.5

13.0

-3.3

-6.4e

-7.0e

3.0

76.6

3.2

76.6

2013

1.4

18.8

0.9

1.0

37.1

0.2

50.1

-2.7

-3.3

9.4

-0.2

2.4

1.5

16.8

0.5

-7.7

3.0

78.7

2014

3.3

19.7

0.9

0.4

37.5

3.6

51.5

-2.6

-1.7

13.2

-1.4

3.0

1.5

19.3

2.2

-6.8

3.0

81.8

2015

3.9

20.1

1.0

1.7

35.7

3.0

48.6

-1.6

-1.9

12.1

2.8

5.0

2.5p

17.0p

2.5

-2.0

3.1

83.4

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

218.3

213.0

409.9

341.4

300.3

366.0

308.7

274.9

285.8

305.9

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: 2010 break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index: e = NSI estimates.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

161 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.21 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Poland 

Poland

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

3.2

63.4

7.9

29.8

12.6

-4.1

39.5

na

19.1

3.1

27.6

na

12.4

na

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2007

4.5

63.2

5.1

21.6

10.6

-4.4

34.4

2008

3.8

63.8

2.5

17.2

9.0b

-4.9b

30.5b

2009

0.4

2010

-2.7b

64.7

65.3b

2.6

3.0

20.6i

23.7

10.1

-2.5

27.8

na

-14.8b

-11.7

17.3

1.3

22.3

16.9

-3.6

17.7

17.1

-2.0

15.0

na

-16.1

-12.6

10.1

na

8.0

-6.3

6.9

-5.5

10.8b

0.2b

27.8

-6.6

17.6

0.3

14.2

-8.1

7.3

-2.8

2011

0.6

65.7

3.6

25.8

11.5

2.5

27.2

-3.3

17.7

0.8

13.0

-4.7

6.9

-1.1

2012

0.1

66.5

4.1

26.5

11.8

1.7

26.7

-1.1

17.1

0.0

13.5

-1.5

6.9

0.0

2013

-0.1

67.0

4.4

27.3

12.2b

1.4b

25.8

-2.0

17.3

-0.3

11.9

-2.3

7.2

-0.1

2014

1.7

67.9

3.8

23.9

12.0

0.5

24.7

-2.5

17.0

-0.7

10.4

-2.6

7.3

0.4

2015

1.4p

68.1

3.0

20.8

11.0

-0.8

23.4

-3.3

17.6

0.5

8.1

-5.4

6.9

0.0

162 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.22: Auxiliary indicators for Portugal 

Portugal

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

1.6

22.5

1.0e

-9.5

56.6

6.3

46.1

-3.8

0.7

6.6

0.6

2.9

1.2

34.2

16.9

5.1

5.6

187.6

201.9

2007

2.5

22.5

1.1

-8.6

64.7

2.5

51.0

-3.6

0.6

6.2

-0.5

-0.6

2.5

30.4

11.8

5.8

5.2

2008

0.2

22.8

1.5b

-10.9

74.6

3.0

47.6

-4.6

0.0

-1.1

-2.9

-3.1

-0.2

29.1

6.9

7.4b

4.7

2009

-3.0

21.1

1.6

-9.3

82.9

2.3

53.6

-2.8

-1.7

-0.3

2.3

0.0

-0.3

28.9

3.9

4.2

4.1

196.7

216.5

208.2

266.0

217.0

267.1

2010

1.9

20.5

1.5

-8.8

81.2

3.5

56.4

-3.4

-2.1

0.7

2.1

-3.0

3.4

2011

-1.8

18.4

1.5

-4.5

84.5

4.0

54.7

-4.2

-0.5

-0.2

-0.5

0.0

0.1

22.0

15.1

0.5

3.6

3.6

215.9

296.8

-3.7

-5.1

3.3

220.0

408.7

2012

-4.0

15.8

1.4

0.3

101.8

10.1

66.7

-4.7

0.9

-6.6

-0.5

0.5

0.1

8.0

-8.6

-10.9

2.9

231.6

388.1

2013

-1.1

14.8

1.3

3.2

99.7

4.8

69.4

-3.7

0.1

1.5

3.7

3.3

1.8

6.1

-9.0

-13.3

2.5

220.6

364.9

2014

0.9

15.0

1.3

1.5

2015

1.6e

15.3e

na

1.7

104.2

100.8

5.7

73.0

-3.5

-1.2

1.6

0.1

0.6

-0.5

4.5

-9.8

-5.0

2.5

208.2

361.2

0.3

71.7

-2.3e

-1.0

 5.0

4.8e

3.4e

0.2e

0.6e

-12.4

 5.4

2.5e

195.9

372.0

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

163 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.22 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Portugal 

Portugal

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

2006

0.4

73.6

3.9

21.2

10.6b

-0.6b

25.0

na

18.5

-1.5

9.1

na

6.6

na

2007

0.0

73.9

3.8

21.4

11.2

0.0

25.0

-2.5

18.1

-2.3

9.6

-0.3

7.2

0.3

2008

0.4

73.9

3.6

21.6

10.2

-0.9

26.0

-0.1

18.5

-0.9

9.7

0.4

6.3

0.3

2009

-2.7

73.4

4.2

25.3

11.2

0.6

24.9

-0.1

17.9

-0.6

9.1

0.0

7.0

0.4

2010

-1.4

2011

-1.9

73.7

73.6b

5.7

6.2

28.2

11.4

0.2

25.3

0.3

17.9

-0.2

9.0

-0.6

8.6

1.4

30.2

12.6b

2.4b

24.4

-1.6

18.0

-0.5

8.3

-1.4

8.3

2.0

2012

-4.1

73.4

7.7

38.0

13.9

2.7

25.3

0.4

17.9

0.0

8.6

-0.5

10.1

3.1

2013

-2.9

73.0

9.3

38.1

14.1

2.7

27.5

2.2

18.7

0.8

10.9

1.9

12.2

3.6

2014

1.4

73.2

8.4

34.7

12.3

-0.3

27.5

3.1

19.5

1.5

10.6

2.3

12.2

3.9

2015

1.4e

73.4

7.2

32.0

11.3

-2.6

26.6

1.3

19.5

1.6

9.6p

1.0p

10.9

0.8

164 

 
 
 
Table 5.23: Auxiliary indicators for Romania 

Romania

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

2006

8.1

26.4

0.5

2007

6.9

36.0

0.5

2008

8.5

38.4

0.6

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

-10.4

-13.2

-11.4

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

11.6

8.8

33.4

-3.0

30.0

93.9

17.5

0.9

7.3

20.4

5.9

36.7

-2.6

38.9

27.7

6.5

35.9

-2.8

9.9

102.1

113.6

26.9

-0.1

6.5

28.9

-6.0

8.4

2009

-7.1

26.0

0.5

-4.3

33.0

2.8

40.7

-1.6

-6.5

83.7

25.5

4.9

-5.2

2010

-0.8

25.9

0.5

-4.9

35.7

2.0

41.4

-2.2

-9.2

65.9

23.2

2.7

-0.5

2011

1.1

27.1

0.5b

-4.4

37.5

1.3

41.4

-2.7

-1.7

63.7

18.6

4.9

1.9

2012

0.6

27.3

0.5

-3.4

38.4

1.8

43.2

-3.0

3.2

25.8

6.6

-1.9

5.7b

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

1859.9

948.0

604.8

420.7

223.4

109.7

117.6b

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

1615.6

812.3

492.8

322.2

166.6

74.9

82.6

na

1.8

67.2

na

2.4

106.1

510.7

na

3.1

112.9

674.2

na

2.9

120.8

560.8

na

2.9

74.9

-38.2e

-23.0

-17.0

2.7

73.9

3.1

72.7

2.4

67.7

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

503.8

530.6

526.1

433.2

432.1

402.0

391.5

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Nominal unit labour cost: 2012 break in time series. Since the indicator is 10 years % change the break affects all the following years. 2) House price index: e = NSI estimates.
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

165 

2013

3.5

24.7

0.4

1.0

35.8

2.0

42.9

-1.9

0.6

24.7

4.2

16.0

4.4

79.3

52.6

2014

3.1

24.3

0.4

2.0

29.8

1.9

41.9

-1.4

-1.3

29.9

4.5

4.3

2.3

81.2

52.0

-7.3

2.4

63.1

2015

3.7p

24.7p

na

1.2

24.5

2.4

42.6

-0.9p

2.4

23.7

6.1p

2.8p

4.6p

43.9p

23.6

 0.5

na

61.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.23 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Romania 

Romania

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

0.7

63.6

4.1

20.2

14.8b

-5.5b

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

na

2007

0.4

63.0

3.2

19.3

13.3

-6.5

47.0

na

24.6

7.6

38.0

na

9.9

na

2008

0.0

62.9

2.4

17.6

11.6

-5.2

44.2

na

23.6

6.6

32.7

na

8.5

na

2009

-2.0

2010

-0.3

63.1

64.9b

2.2

2.4

20.0

13.9

-0.9

43.0

na

22.1

4.1

32.1

na

8.1

na

22.1

16.6b

3.3b

41.5

-5.5

21.6

-3.0

30.5

-7.5

7.7

-2.2

2011

-0.8

64.1

2.9

23.9

17.5

5.9

40.9

-3.3

22.3

-1.3

29.5

-3.2

7.3

-1.2

2012

-4.8b

64.8

3.0

22.6

16.8

2.9

43.2

0.2

22.9

0.8

31.1

-1.0

7.9

-0.2

2013

-0.9

64.9

3.2

23.7

17.0

0.4

41.9

0.4

23.0

1.4

29.8

-0.7

7.6

-0.1

2014

0.8

65.7

2.8

24.0

17.0

-0.5

39.5p

-1.4p

25.4p

3.1p

25.0p

-4.5p

6.4p

-0.9p

2015

-0.9p

66.1

3.0

21.7

18.1

1.3

37.3

-5.9

25.4

2.5

22.7

-8.4

7.9

0.0

166 

 
 
 
Table 5.24: Auxiliary indicators for Slovenia 

Slovenia

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

2006

5.7

27.8

1.5

-2.3

10.6

1.9

23.1

-5.0

-0.2

35.4

-1.3

4.6

4.0

59.1

43.5

46.6

3.9

89.3

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

492.5

2007

6.9

28.8

1.4

-4.3

24.2

2.3

24.0

-4.7

2.0

35.7

-2.3

5.7

3.5

55.5

39.0

65.2

4.2

2008

3.3

29.6

1.6b

-5.4

34.5

2.0

25.0

-6.2

3.9

29.5

-4.1

1.4

0.7

57.5

36.1

54.5

4.6

2009

-7.8

24.3

1.8

-0.5

40.7

-0.7

26.1

-3.9

3.9

18.8

0.4

-6.4

-6.1

63.4

35.8

19.7

3.8

2010

1.2

21.3

2.1

0.0

43.9

0.6

27.0

-5.0

3.2

6.4

-1.6

-2.3

3.4

53.0

29.4

-3.0

3.1

2011

0.6

20.2

2.4b

0.0

41.0

1.7

28.7

-6.2

0.4

2.8

-2.4

-0.1

2.4

39.2

18.7

-6.9

2.8

104.0

447.4

114.6

680.5

124.1

666.2

125.3

654.6

125.3

737.8

2012

-2.7

19.3

2.6

2.7

46.0

0.1

29.8

-6.8

0.3

2013

-1.1

20.0

2.6

5.3

43.6

0.2

29.3

-5.5

0.0

-11.5

-10.5

-4.3

-2.3

-1.8

32.5

12.6

-4.2

2.5

124.6

740.1

-2.3

-0.6

0.0

27.3

8.7

-9.4

2.4

119.4

594.0

2014

3.1

19.6

2.4

6.6

39.5

2.0

31.7

-4.1

0.4

-5.9

-4.6

2.0

2.7

21.4

3.0

2015

2.3

19.5

na

6.1

31.2

3.9

34.5

-2.9

-0.7

-1.5

0.7

2.9

 1.2

19.9

1.1

-17.6

-10.8

2.2

108.1

449.2

2.3

96.0

402.6

Flags: b: break in time series. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

167 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.24 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Slovenia 

Slovenia

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.6

70.9

2.9

13.9

8.5b

0.5b

17.1

na

11.6

0.6

5.1

na

6.9

na

2007

3.4

71.3

2.2

10.1

6.7

-0.8

17.1

na

11.5

1.5

5.1

na

7.3

na

2008

2.6

71.8

1.9

10.4

6.5

-2.4

18.5

0.0

12.3

0.1

6.7

1.6

6.7

2009

-1.8

71.8

1.8

13.6

7.5

-1.0

17.1

0.0

11.3

-0.3

6.1

1.0

5.6

7.1

0.4

18.3

1.2

12.7

1.2

5.9

0.8

7.0

-1.9

-1.3

-0.3

2010

-2.1

71.5

3.2

2011

-1.7

70.3

3.6

2012

-0.9

70.4

4.3

2013

-1.1

70.5

5.2

2014

0.4

70.9

5.3

2015

1.1

71.8

4.7

14.7

15.7

20.6

21.6

20.2

16.3

7.1

0.6

19.3

0.8

13.6

1.3

6.1

-0.6

7.6

0.9

9.3

1.8

19.6

2.5

13.5

2.2

6.6

0.5

7.5

1.9

9.2

2.1

20.4

2.1

14.5

1.8

6.7

0.8

8.0

1.0

9.4

2.3

20.4

1.1

14.5

0.9

6.6

0.5

8.7

1.1

9.5

0.2

19.2

-0.4

14.3

0.8

5.8

-0.8

7.4

-0.1

168 

 
 
 
Table 5.25: Auxiliary indicators for Slovakia 

Slovakia

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

2006

8.5

27.3

0.5

-9.5

14.4

10.0

70.7

-6.3

21.1

na

-2.2

13.4

6.2

57.2

42.8

na

2.4

52.5

2007

10.8

26.8

0.5

-5.1

12.9

6.5

64.2

-4.9

21.7

na

-3.3

6.7

8.5

44.4

29.9

na

2.5

61.2

2008

5.6

25.5

0.5

-5.3

17.7

4.9

60.5

-5.9

26.7

na

-4.5

0.2

2.3

43.1

24.6

na

2.5

66.1

2009

-5.4

21.7

0.5

-2.7

22.4

1.9

64.3

-4.4

24.7

18.7

-5.3

-6.6

-3.5

46.1

22.5

32.7

3.0

71.1

2010

5.0

22.1

0.6

-3.2

20.6

2.3

62.5

-5.7

12.7

12.4

-5.7

3.2

6.7

31.7

12.4

-1.2

2.6

69.6

2011

2.8

24.0

0.7

-3.7

21.4

5.6

65.8

-6.4

4.9

6.2

-5.6

5.0

1.0

29.3

11.3

-17.5

2.4

73.2

2012

1.7

21.2

0.8

2.9

22.3

1.9

64.7

-5.9

1.9

0.5

-5.7

6.4

1.6

25.2

7.5

-8.0

2.3

73.7

2013

1.5

20.7

0.8

3.3

23.9

1.0

64.8

-5.9

2.5

5.1

-4.6

3.0

2.3

21.1

5.1

-3.3

2.7

77.0

2014

2.6

20.4

0.9

2.1

27.5

-0.4

62.3

-4.3

0.5

10.1

-3.5

0.0

1.1

19.1

2.3

-0.4

2.6

80.3

2015

3.8

23.0

1.2

3.8

27.3

1.3

60.5

-3.5

-1.2

 8.9

-3.2

4.3

 1.8

16.1

-1.2

 7.8

2.3

83.7

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

1211.0

998.4

1148.8

1141.3

986.2

970.3

836.4

752.9

765.8

831.7

Flags: na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

169 

 
 
 
Table 5.25 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Slovakia 

Slovakia

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

2.1

68.6

10.3

27.0

14.4b

-3.8b

26.7

na

11.6

na

18.2

na

6.2

na

2007

2.1

68.3

8.4

20.6

12.5

-5.4

21.4

na

10.6

na

13.7

na

6.4

na

2008

3.2

68.8

6.7

19.3

11.1

-4.7

20.6

-11.4

10.9

-2.4

11.8

-10.3

5.2

-1.4

2009

-2.0

68.4

6.6

27.6

12.5

-1.9

19.6

-7.1

11.0

-0.6

11.1

-7.1

5.6

-0.6

2010

-1.5

2011

1.8

68.7

68.7b

9.3

9.3

33.9

14.1

1.6

20.6

-0.8

12.0

1.4

11.4

-2.3

7.9

1.5

33.7i

13.8b

2.7b

20.6

0.0

13.0

2.1

10.6

-1.2

7.7

2.5

2012

0.1

69.4

9.4

34.0

13.8

1.3

20.5

0.9

13.2

2.2

10.5

-0.6

7.2

1.6

2013

-0.8

69.9

10.0

33.7

13.7

-0.4

19.8

-0.8

12.8

0.8

10.2

-1.2

7.6

-0.3

2014

1.4

70.3

9.3

29.7

12.8

-1.0

18.4

-2.2

12.6

-0.4

9.9

-0.7

7.1

-0.6

2015

2.0

70.9

7.6

26.5

13.7

-0.1

18.4

-2.1

12.3

-0.9

9.0

-1.5

7.1

-0.1

Flags: b: break in time series. i: see metadata. na: not available. 
Note: 1) Youth unemployment rate: for 2011 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

170 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.26: Auxiliary indicators for Finland 

Finland

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

4.1

22.8

3.3

3.9

-3.1

2.3

41.6

-3.0

-4.1

2.6

-9.5

0.6

2.2

10.0

-3.0

25.p

6.6

140.7

226.9

2007

5.2

24.2

3.4

3.9

-2.1

8.5

46.4

-2.5

-3.0

4.7

-9.7

1.2

3.0

11.6

-2.8

22.5p

6.5

145.2

251.8

2008

0.7

24.4

3.6

2.3

6.8

7.0

50.9

-3.3

-1.3

6.5

-10.2

3.8

-1.5

16.7

-1.5

14.2p

5.9

156.6

451.4

2009

-8.3

22.8

3.8

2.0

21.0

-3.3

50.7

-2.4

0.8

-5.6

-7.1

-9.9

-6.0

24.8

2.0

8.3p

5.2

165.9

423.5

2010

3.0

21.9

3.7

1.3

25.0

4.9

54.7

-2.8

1.9

2011

2.6

22.2

3.6

-1.7

29.4

-2.2

50.6

-3.7

2.1

2012

-1.4

22.3

3.4

-1.8

40.1

1.9

52.0

-2.6

1.6

2013

-0.8

21.2

3.3

-1.5

40.3

-1.9

46.8

-2.6

1.9

2014

-0.7

20.6

3.2

-1.0

47.4

6.3

52.0

-2.4

2.0

2015

0.2

20.4

2.9p

-0.3

43.9

7.3

58.0

-1.5

1.1

-12.9

-16.7

-23.1

-24.6

-19.5

-18.8

-5.8

-6.3

3.7

22.4

2.3

8.7p

6.1

170.0

408.4

-4.3

-5.0

1.3

22.2

3.3

11.3p

6.3

169.2

616.7

-5.2

-1.7

-2.3

27.1

7.4

12.3

6.3

172.6

520.3

-2.7

-2.6

0.0

28.5

9.5

6.9

6.0

177.1

365.1

-2.7

-5.4

-0.2

29.7

10.0

3.2

5.5

177.6

357.5

2.7

-2.9

 0.6

28.1

8.8

 0.8

5.5

182.8

299.4

Flags: p: provisional. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

171 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.26 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Finland 

Finland

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: p: provisional. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.8

75.2

1.9

18.7

7.7

-1.9

17.1

na

12.6

1.6

3.3

na

9.1

na

2007

2.1

75.6

1.5

16.5

7.0

-2.1

17.4

0.2

13.0

2.0

3.6

-0.2

8.8

-0.7

2008

2.2

76.0

1.2

2009

-2.4

75.0

1.4

2010

-0.7

74.5

2.0

2011

1.3

74.9

1.7

16.5

21.5

21.4

20.1

7.8

0.0

17.4

0.2

13.6

1.9

3.5

-0.3

7.5

-2.5

9.9

2.2

16.9

-0.2

13.8

1.2

2.8

-0.5

8.4

-0.7

9.0

2.0

16.9

-0.5

13.1

0.1

2.8

-0.8

9.3

0.5

8.4

0.6

17.9

0.5

13.7

0.1

3.2

-0.3

10.0

2.5

2012

0.9

75.2

1.6

19.0

8.6

-1.3

17.2

0.3

13.2

-0.6

2.9

0.1

9.3

0.9

2013

-0.7

75.2

1.7

19.9

9.3

0.3

16.0

-0.9

11.8

-1.3

2.5

-0.3

9.0

-0.3

2014

-0.5

75.4

1.9

20.5

10.2

1.8

17.3

-0.6

12.8

-0.9

2.8

-0.4

10.0

0.0

2015

-0.4

75.8

2.3

22.4

10.6

2.0

16.8

-0.4

12.4

-0.8

2.2p

-0.7p

10.8

1.5

172 

 
 
 
Table 5.27: Auxiliary indicators for Sweden 

Sweden

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

4.7

23.0

3.5e

7.6

44.6

5.2

69.9

-1.7

-4.0

9.9

-4.9

-0.8

2.9

10.2

-2.2

34.9

4.1

2007

3.4

23.9

3.3

8.1

45.1

9.4

81.3

-1.6

-3.6

11.2

-1.8

-3.4

1.1

13.0

-0.9

38.8

4.3

2008

-0.6

24.3

3.5e

7.7

66.2

8.3

91.5

-1.9

-4.6

3.7

-2.3

-0.8

-1.4

23.8

5.2

27.9

3.9

172.3

197.5

190.9

220.1

217.9

378.5

2009

-5.2

22.3

3.5

5.9

72.0

2.1

100.9

-1.2

-12.1

-8.8

-0.2

-4.3

-2.8

29.0

5.8

17.1

3.3

235.2

280.3

2010

6.0

22.3

3.2e

5.8

61.8

0.2

92.9

-1.6

-1.2

-5.6

1.2

-0.6

5.0

20.3

0.8

12.4

3.6

2011

2.7

22.7

3.3

5.3

62.0

1.1

91.3

-1.8

7.1

-4.1

0.6

-0.9

0.5

17.8

-0.2

14.0

3.9

2012

-0.3

22.6

3.3e

5.4

58.9

0.8

90.9

-1.7

19.1

-9.9

-0.7

-1.9

-1.0

21.2

2.5

12.0

3.4

2013

1.2

22.3

3.3e

5.0

55.8

0.3

90.1

-1.5

6.0

-9.2

0.0

-4.5

0.3

22.4

4.2

9.4

3.5

222.0

239.3

226.4

268.6

228.7

238.9

231.1

206.3

2014

2.6

23.1

3.2e

4.5

55.1

-1.9

83.4

-1.3

-3.7

-2.3

-0.8

1.6

1.2

24.7

5.8

16.8

4.0

233.2

196.3

2015

4.1

23.7

na

5.0

46.3

3.4

78.0

-0.9

-7.8

-7.4

0.6

2.9

 2.6

25.1

6.8

30.5

4.5

234.9

184.5

Flags: e: estimated. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

173 

 
 
 
 
 
Table 5.27 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for Sweden 

Sweden

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.7

78.8

1.0e

21.5

9.3b

2.5b

16.3

na

12.3

1.3

2.1

na

6.8

na

2007

2.3

79.1

0.8

19.2

7.5b

2008

0.9

79.3

0.8

20.2

7.8b

-0.1b

-2.7b

13.9

-3.0

10.5

-0.8

2.2

-0.8

6.0

-2.7

14.9

0.5

12.2

2.7

1.4

-0.9

5.5

-2.1

2009

-2.4

78.9

1.1

2010

1.0

79.1

1.6

25.0

24.8

9.6

0.3

15.9

-0.4

13.3

1.0

1.6

-0.5

6.4

-0.4

7.7

0.2

15.0

1.1

12.9

2.4

1.3

-0.9

6.0

0.0

2011

2.1

79.9

1.5

22.8

7.5

-0.3

16.1

1.2

14.0

1.8

1.2

-0.2

6.9

1.4

2012

0.7

80.3

1.5

23.7

7.8

-1.8

15.6

-0.3

14.1

0.8

1.3

-0.3

5.7

-0.7

2013

1.0

81.1

1.4

23.6

7.5

-0.2

16.4

1.4

14.8

1.9

1.4

0.1

7.1

1.1

2014

1.4

81.5

1.4

22.9

7.2

-0.3

16.9

0.8

15.1

1.1

0.7

-0.5

6.4

-0.5

2015

1.5

81.7

1.5

20.4

6.7

-1.1

16.0

0.4

14.5

0.4

0.7

-0.6

5.8

0.1

174 

 
 
 
Table 5.28: Auxiliary indicators for United Kingdom 

United Kingdom

Real GDP (1 year % change) 

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

Current plus capital account (Net lending-borrowing) (% of GDP)

Net external debt (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, flows (% of 
GDP)

Foreign direct investment in the reporting economy, stocks (% 
of GDP)

Net trade balance of energy products (% of GDP)

Real effective exchange rate - Euro Area trading partners (3 
years % change)

Export performance against advanced economies 
(5 years % change)

Terms of trade (5 years % change)

Export market share in volume (1 year % change)

Labour productivity (1 year % change)

Nominal unit labour cost index, 2010=100 (10 years % change)

Unit labour cost performance relative to EA 
(10 years % change)

House price index (2010=100) - nominal (3 years % change)

Residential construction (% of GDP)

Private sector debt, non-consolidated (% of GDP) 

Financial sector leverage, non-consolidated (% debt-to-equity)

2006

2.5

17.6

1.6

-2.3

na

7.8

53.2

-0.4

0.9

2.5

1.0

3.0

1.5

34.3

18.1

34.8

3.7

172.6

709.4

2007

2.6

18.0

1.6

-2.5

na

6.8

51.5

-0.4

-0.6

-6.9

-0.6

-9.4

1.7

34.6

16.8

32.4

3.7

2008

-0.6

17.3

1.6e

-3.5

na

9.1

60.4

-0.7

2009

-4.3

15.6

1.7e

-2.9

na

0.4

58.0

-0.4

2010

1.9

15.6

1.7e

-2.7

na

2.7

60.3

-0.4

-13.5

-21.6

-16.9

2011

1.5

15.7

1.7b

-1.8

na

1.0

61.1

-1.0

-3.0

2012

1.3

15.9

1.6e

-3.7

na

1.8

74.7

-1.2

14.4

-13.8

-13.2

-17.5

-19.1

-11.9

-5.1

-1.7

-1.5

31.8

10.8

13.2

3.6

-3.9

1.4

-2.8

34.4

9.3

-4.4

3.0

190.1

995.6

-2.0

-6.7

1.7

32.6

10.8

-8.0

3.1

-2.1

-1.2

1.0

27.7

7.9

-5.1

3.2

181.7

177.8

959.3

1141.8

-1.0

-2.3

0.2

28.4

8.8

4.6

3.1

178.5

959.0

176.9

188.8

865.3

1749.0

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. na: not available. 
Source: Eurostat, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate) and International Monetary Fund data, WEO (for world exports series)

2013

1.9

16.1

1.7

-4.4

na

2.1

72.7

-1.1

4.3

-4.1

4.7

-2.6

0.7

27.4

8.0

1.5

3.2

171.3

794.9

2014

3.1

16.6

1.7e

-4.7

na

2.4

74.1

-0.8

10.2

-3.1

4.5

-2.2

0.7

23.0

3.7

11.2

3.6

163.5

749.9

2015

2.2

16.9

na

-5.4

na

1.8

74.3

-0.6

14.0

 3.1

3.5

1.8

 0.5

21.9

3.6

17.4

3.7

161.1

628.3

175 

 
 
 
 
Table 5.28 (continued): Auxiliary indicators for United Kingdom 

United Kingdom

Employment rate

Activity rate - % of total population aged 15-64

Long-term unemployment rate -  % of active 
population aged 15-74

Youth unemployment rate -  % of active population 
aged 15-24

Young people neither in employment nor in 
education and training - % of total population 
aged 15-24

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion - % of 
total population

People at risk of poverty after social transfers - 
% of total population

Severe material deprived people - % of total 
population

People living in households with very low work 
intensity - % of total population aged 0-59

Flags: b: break in time series. u: low reliability. na: not available. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat

1 year % change

%

%

%

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

%

3 years change in pp

2006

1.0

2007

0.8

2008

0.8

75.7

75.5b

75.8b

1.2

1.3

1.4

13.9

8.6

-0.4

23.7

na

19.0

1.0

4.5

na

12.0

na

14.3

15.0

11.9b

12.1b

3.5b

22.6

na

18.6

0.6

4.2

na

10.4

na

3.7b

23.2

-1.6

18.7

-0.3

4.5

-0.8

10.4

-2.5

2009

-1.6

75.7

1.9

19.1

13.2

4.6

22.0

-1.7

17.3

-1.7

3.3u

-1.2u

12.7

0.7

2010

0.2

75.4

2.5

19.9

13.6

1.7

23.2

0.6

17.1

-1.5

4.8

0.6

13.2

2.8

2011

0.5

75.5

2.7

21.3

14.2

2.1

22.7

-0.5

16.2

-2.5

5.1

0.6

11.5

1.1

2012

1.1

76.1

2.7

21.2

13.9

0.7

24.1b

2.1b

16.0b

-1.3b

7.8

4.5

13.0b

0.3b

2013

1.2

76.4

2.7

20.7

13.2

-0.4

24.8

1.6

15.9

-1.2

8.3

3.5

13.2

0.0

2014

2.4

76.7

2.2

17.0

11.9

-2.3

24.1

1.4

16.8

0.6

7.4

2.3

12.3

0.8

2015

1.8

76.9

1.6

14.6

11.1

-2.8

23.5

-0.6

16.7

0.7

6.1

-1.7

11.9

-1.1

176 

 
 
 
Chapter 6: Tables by year - MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 

Table 6.1: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2015 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2015

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

 0.4

 0.4

 0.9

 9.3
 8.4

 2.2

10.2*
 0.1

 1.4

-0.2

 5.0
 1.6

-2.9

-0.8

-2.3

 5.2

 3.2

 3.0
 8.7

 1.8

-0.6
 0.4

-1.2

 5.2

 0.2

-0.4

 5.2

-5.4

61.3

-60.0

-30.7

39.0

48.7

-40.9

-208.0*

-134.6

-89.9

-16.4

-77.7

-23.6

-130.3

-62.5

-44.7

35.8

-60.8

48.5

63.9

 2.9

-62.8

-109.3

-51.9

-38.7

-61.0
 0.6

 4.1

-14.4

-2.9

-3.3

-0.6

-3.2

-4.3

0.8

-6.7

-4.3

-4.2

-4.5

-1.5

-4.1

-6.5

1.3

0.4

-2.5

-2.0

-2.2

-3.1

-1.9

-2.1

-2.6

-2.4

-1.8

-1.7

-2.9

-5.2

5.5

-5.7

-1.7

 0.9

-2.3
 0.0

-7.9

35.8*

-14.2

-0.9

-1.0

 3.5

-2.3

-7.0

-3.9

-10.0

 1.8

 0.7

-2.5

-4.1

-3.3

 2.5

-1.0

-0.1

-0.8

-0.6

-6.6

-1.7

 3.9

-0.5

2.3p

-0.5

2.0

1.6

7.2

-16.5

-2.2p

0.2p

0.3p

-0.5

0.7

-1.5p

5.4

4.8

0.1

1.1

0.0

-0.8p

1.5

-1.2p

-0.5e

-3.1p

0.3

1.3

1.0

0.9

0.6

1.3p

1.6bp

3.9p

 6.3
 4.1

 6.8

 8.3

-3.5e

 3.8

-1.3

-2.4

-2.6p

2.9bp

-2.7
 4.6

 6.1

11.6

2.8p
 3.6

 3.5

 2.8
 2.3

 1.7

 1.5

 5.5

-0.4

12.0

 5.7

4.5

-0.3

0.9

-3.3

3.0

3.3

-6.7

-3.1

-2.7

4.4

-1.3

-1.7

4.4

0.7

2.2

24.2

-3.1

5.4

-1.6p

2.1

3.2

-2.3

0.2

-5.1

8.2

9.5

6.5

2.5

166.3

110.5

68.6

212.8

98.9

116.6

303.4

126.4

154.0

144.3

115.0

117.0

353.7

88.8

55.0

343.1

83.9

139.1

228.8p

126.4

79.0

181.5

59.1

87.3

81.4

155.7

188.6

157.8

105.8

26.0

40.3

40.4

71.2

10.1

78.6

177.4

99.8

96.2

86.7

132.3

107.5

36.3

42.7

22.1

74.7

64.0

65.1

85.5

51.1

129.0

37.9

83.1

52.5

63.6

43.9

89.1

8.5

9.2

5.1

6.2

4.6

6.2

9.4

24.9

22.1

10.4

16.3

11.9

15.0

9.9

9.1

6.4

6.8

5.4

6.9

5.7

7.5

12.6

6.8

9.0

11.5

9.4

7.4

5.3

-1.0

 7.0

 7.7

-2.0
 2.8

 8.1

 9.5

15.7

-2.1

 1.8

 2.1
 1.7

 2.8

12.2
 6.7

15.5

 0.4

 1.3

3.2p

 0.6

 2.4

-1.6

 4.1

-3.4

 4.5
 1.5

 2.3

-7.8

67.6

69.3

74.0

78.5

77.6

76.7

70.0

67.8

74.3

71.5

66.8

64.0

73.9

75.7

74.1

70.9b

68.6

67.6

79.6

75.5

68.1

73.4

66.1

71.8

70.9

75.8

81.7

76.9

4.4

5.6

2.4

1.7

2.0

2.4

5.3

18.2

11.4

4.3

10.3

6.9

6.8

4.5

3.9

1.9

3.1

2.4

3.0

1.7

3.0

7.2

3.0

4.7

7.6

2.3

1.5

1.6

22.1

21.6

12.6

10.8

7.2

13.1

20.9

49.8

48.3

24.7

43.0

40.3

32.8

16.3

16.3

16.6

17.3

11.8

11.3

10.6

20.8

32.0

21.7

16.3

26.5

22.4

20.4

14.6

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: * The level shift is due to relocation to Ireland of balance sheets of large multi-national enterprises and inclusion of corresponding transactions in the Irish BoP and IIP statistics. 1) House price index e = source NCB of EL. 2) The level of TFSL in Greece is higher than would otherwise have been recorded, due to the improved
treatment of banks' holdings of short-term debt securities issued by banks.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

177 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 6.2: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2014 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2014

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-0.7

0.1

0.2

9.1

7.3

0.9

1.7

-1.6

1.1

-1.1

2.1

1.9

-4.3

-2.0

3.6

5.1

2.0

7.0

8.9

2.4

-2.1

0.1

-0.7

6.2

1.2

-1.1

4.6

-4.7

59.4

-75.2

-36.6

52.5

40.2

-46.7

-162.1

-132.5

-97.5

-16.9

-86.8

-24.5

-147.3

-64.3

-45.8

33.5

-75.8

41.3

57.8

2.2

-69.1

-114.9

-57.3

-44.2

-63.8

-2.6

-0.4

-17.6

0.2

-0.9

-5.2

0.8

0.8

2.6

-0.7

-0.7

-0.5

0.3

0.4

0.2

-0.8

2.8

2.7

0.5

-3.6

0.6

-0.1

1.7

1.0

-0.5

1.3

1.0

0.2

2.4

-4.6

7.0

1.4

0.6

4.8

0.1

2.1

1.0

12.9

3.4

0.7

0.6

4.7

0.8

0.9

0.8

-1.0

10.0

4.8

-1.6

0.5

0.2

5.1

1.4

6.2

3.7

-1.6

-3.6

-0.3

2.3

-0.2

4.6p

0.4

1.3

2.0

2.2

-4.5

-2.4p

-0.3p

0.9p

-2.4

0.1

-4.0p

4.9

3.2

0.5

2.1

2.7

-0.1p

2.1

0.6

-1.3

4.3

-1.3

0.7

1.2

1.0

-0.3

-1.3

1.5p

1.8

3.0

2.2

13.1

15.1

-5.1e

0.2

-1.7

-1.1

-4.5p

-1.3p

4.2

6.3

4.1

3.2

2.4

0.0

1.4

1.1

3.9

-3.2

-6.6

1.5

-1.8

8.2

6.2

0.9

-1.1

1.7

-0.2

0.2

4.5

2.5

-2.8

-7.2

3.0

0.4

-0.5

0.2

-11.8

0.2

20.1

-0.5

7.4

-1.7

0.9

4.6

-5.9

-2.4

-4.7

5.7

0.8

5.9

2.3

163.5

123.6

71.5

218.8

99.5

116.7

281.3

128.5

165.4

142.4

119.5

120.1

354.3

96.3

54.0

327.9

91.0

146.7

229.6

126.2

78.1

192.4

62.1

98.1

77.6

147.4

192.9

160.0

106.5

27.0

42.2

44.8

74.9

10.7

105.2

179.7

100.4

95.3

86.6

131.9

107.1

40.7

40.5

22.7

75.7

67.0

67.9

84.4

50.2

130.6

39.4

80.9

53.6

60.2

45.2

88.1

8.5

11.4

6.1

6.6

5.0

7.4

11.3

26.5

24.5

10.3

17.3

12.7

16.1

10.8

10.7

6.0

7.7

5.8

7.4

5.6

9.0

14.1

6.8

9.7

13.2

8.7

7.9

6.1

3.5

5.6

5.2

6.8

4.2

13.0

23.1

-6.7

-1.2

4.2

0.9

0.7

-3.5

10.4

16.3

29.9

8.5

6.3

8.7

-1.1

0.7

-7.3

1.2

-0.2

6.9

8.8

13.5

4.7

67.7

69.0

73.5

78.1

77.7

75.2

69.8

67.4

74.2

71.4

66.1

63.9

74.3

74.6

73.7

70.8

67.0

66.3

79.0

75.4

67.9

73.2

65.7

70.9

70.3

75.4

81.5

76.7

4.3

6.9

2.7

1.7

2.2

3.3

6.6

19.5

12.9

4.2

10.1

7.7

7.7

4.6

4.8

1.6

3.7

2.7

2.9

1.5

3.8

8.4

2.8

5.3

9.3

1.9

1.4

2.2

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB of EL.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

23.2

23.8

15.9

12.6

7.7

15.0

23.9

52.4

53.2

24.3

45.5

42.7

36.0

19.6

19.3

22.3

20.4

11.7

12.7

10.3

23.9

34.7

24.0

20.2

29.7

20.5

22.9

17.0

178 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.3: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2013 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2013

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-0.3

1.3

-0.5

7.9

6.7

-0.4

2.1

-2.0

1.5

-0.9

1.0

1.0

-4.9

-2.7

1.5

5.6

3.8

2.8

9.9

2.0

-1.3

1.5

-1.1

4.8

1.9

-1.6

5.3

-4.4

51.9

-73.3

-41.4

37.8

33.8

-50.1

-131.7

-130.4

-94.3

-16.6

-88.9

-25.3

-138.9

-66.4

-47.0

44.4

-83.5

20.2

31.0

1.3

-69.0

-116.3

-62.6

-46.6

-62.3

3.9

-12.7

-16.2

1.5

0.1

-2.3

1.0

2.1

2.9

1.6

-0.6

1.9

1.6

1.2

1.8

1.1

-1.0

0.9

1.5

-1.4

1.4

2.7

2.1

0.2

0.3

3.9

1.3

0.9

2.9

1.7

-1.4

1.4

6.5

-1.4

2.2

1.5

3.7

2.1

0.6

3.7

1.9

2.5

0.5

2.3

2.4

8.2

10.7

1.7

0.4

1.5

1.7

5.8

6.8

15.5

2.6

4.9

0.1

-1.6

-0.8

2.2

7.4p

0.5

1.5

1.9

4.5

2.8

-6.9p

-0.6p

1.2

-2.3

0.7

-5.4

4.9

3.1

0.0

0.6

1.1

1.1

2.3

0.2

1.8

-0.6

0.4

0.3

1.4

1.7

1.3

0.3

0.4p

-0.8

3.1

2.0

7.7

1.1

-9.1e

-10.1

-2.6

-5.7

-6.9p

-4.1p

6.6

0.2

3.4

-4.3

-1.5

-8.2

2.9

-4.7

-2.7

-2.8

-6.0

-0.4

-1.3

4.7

0.3

9.4

7.2

4.4

-4.2

1.7

4.0

-1.4

-6.4

-10.3

2.1

-0.6

-3.0

-11.7

0.9

-1.2

-5.5

-0.9

2.7

2.1

0.7

3.3

-1.9

-1.4

-4.0

5.1

2.8

4.8

3.9

163.8

131.9

73.7

218.5

102.8

115.9

267.3

129.1

176.7

137.7

118.4

121.9

340.9

92.7

56.3

321.3

95.4

146.6

226.9

128.0

75.4

204.4

66.6

108.2

74.0

147.7

192.1

167.8

105.4

17.0

44.9

44.7

77.5

10.2

119.5

177.4

95.4

92.3

82.2

129.0

102.2

39.0

38.7

23.5

76.6

68.4

67.7

81.3

55.7

129.0

37.8

71.0

54.7

56.5

40.4

86.2

8.4

13.0

7.0

7.0

5.2

8.6

13.1

27.5

26.1

10.3

17.3

12.1

15.9

11.9

11.8

5.9

10.2

6.4

7.3

5.4

10.3

16.4

7.1

10.1

14.2

8.2

8.0

7.6

-1.3

4.3

11.4

1.8

-6.1

10.5

-2.7

-17.2

-11.6

0.4

2.8

-2.5

-15.0

5.2

-1.3

11.2

-1.9

1.7

-2.4

-3.2

7.4

-5.3

0.8

-10.3

0.0

-11.8

8.6

-6.9

67.5

68.4

72.9

78.1

77.6

75.1

69.8

67.5

74.3

71.1

63.7

63.4

73.6

74.0

72.4

69.9

64.7

65.0

79.4

75.5

67.0

73.0

64.9

70.5

69.9

75.2

81.1

76.4

3.9

7.4

3.0

1.8

2.3

3.8

7.8

18.5

13.0

4.0

11.0

6.9

6.1

5.7

5.1

1.8

4.9

2.9

2.5

1.3

4.4

9.3

3.2

5.2

10.0

1.7

1.4

2.7

Flags: e: estimated. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB of EL. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

23.7

28.4

18.9

13.0

7.8

18.7

26.8

58.3

55.5

24.9

50.0

40.0

38.9

23.2

21.9

16.9

26.6

13.0

13.2

9.7

27.3

38.1

23.7

21.6

33.7

19.9

23.6

20.7

179 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.4: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2012 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2012

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

-0.1

-0.9

-1.6

6.3

7.0

-1.9

-2.6

-3.8

-0.2

-1.2

-0.2

-0.4

-6.0

-3.6

-1.2

5.9

1.8

1.7

10.3

1.5

-3.7

-1.8

-4.8

2.6

0.9

-1.9

5.6

51.8

-77.9

-45.9

36.3

28.0

-51.1

-137.3

-115.9

-89.9

-12.8

-90.8

-23.9

-129.2

-67.4

-53.4

52.2

-94.0

19.5

27.0

-3.2

-65.4

-116.5

-67.4

-49.9

-61.8

11.7

-14.6

UK

-3.7
Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. 

-22.4

-2.3

-2.0

-2.8

-2.9

-3.3

-0.8

-4.3

-4.4

-2.4

-3.2

-2.6

-1.8

-2.0

-1.5

-2.0

-1.5

-2.2

-1.9

-1.8

-1.8

-2.4

-1.6

-6.1

-1.2

0.1

-2.6

-0.8

4.3

-6.1

-4.5

-3.9

-4.8

-4.3

-2.3

-2.7

-4.8

-5.8

-4.5

-7.5

-4.8

-8.9

4.1

6.0

0.5

-10.6

-1.2

-2.9

-6.0

-2.3

-4.5

-6.9

-7.2

1.0

-5.8

-5.9

-1.8

3.5

5.0p

3.0

1.2

3.2

3.8

1.3

-2.0p

-2.6p

2.3

-1.3

1.4

1.5

5.0

2.2

4.3

3.9

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.0

-3.2

3.5b

0.8

1.0

5.2

4.1

1.5

0.2

-5.3p

-3.5

-5.0

2.0

3.2

-15.2

-12.0e

-16.8

-1.9

-4.6

-5.4p

-5.4p

-0.4

-3.2

2.2

-9.3

0.6

-8.0

4.8

-6.6

-8.7

-9.1

-8.2

-5.9

-0.4

0.7

-1.5

14.4

3.0

2.9

8.0

1.2

6.8

-0.6

-5.9

-11.2

4.4

-3.0

-0.8

15.5

-2.1

0.3

31.0

-6.1

0.4

2.1

1.3

4.8

-3.7

0.3

-2.9

3.1

7.4

2.3

0.5

186.7

125.0

70.7

225.5

102.1

117.8

278.8

131.5

187.8

138.5

119.7

125.1

327.4

98.1

61.1

351.2

102.0

153.6

229.1

129.2

73.5

211.7

71.9

112.5

70.6

148.6

192.3

174.0

104.1

16.7

44.5

45.2

79.9

9.7

119.5

159.6

85.7

89.5

70.7

123.3

79.3

41.3

39.8

21.8

78.2

67.6

66.4

82.0

53.7

126.2

37.3

53.9

52.2

53.9

37.8

85.1

7.6

12.3

7.0

7.5

5.4

10.0

14.7

24.5

24.8

9.8

16.0

10.7

11.9

15.0

13.4

5.1

11.0

6.3

5.8

4.9

10.1

15.8

6.8

8.9

14.0

7.7

8.0

7.9

-6.3

10.2

5.2

2.5

3.3

10.4

-1.8

-2.6

2.7

1.2

1.7

7.3

6.3

5.2

-0.6

14.8

-5.9

6.2

5.4

0.4

10.6

-1.8

4.4

-0.7

3.5

-0.6

5.3

-2.9

66.9

67.1

71.6

78.6

77.2

74.8

69.2

67.5

74.3

70.7

63.9

63.5

73.5

74.4

71.8

69.4

63.7

63.1

79.0

75.1

66.5

73.4

64.8

70.4

69.4

75.2

80.3

76.1

3.4

6.8

3.0

2.1

2.4

5.5

9.0

14.5

11.0

3.7

10.2

5.6

3.6

7.8

6.6

1.6

5.0

3.1

1.9

1.2

4.1

7.7

3.0

4.3

9.4

1.6

1.5

2.7

19.8

28.1

19.5

14.1

8.0

20.9

30.4

55.3

52.9

24.4

42.1

35.3

27.7

28.5

26.7

18.0

28.2

14.1

11.7

9.4

26.5

38.0

22.6

20.6

34.0

19.0

23.7

21.2

Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB for EL.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

180 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.5: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2011 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2011

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-1.1

0.3

-2.1

6.6

6.1

1.3

-2.0

-10.0

-3.2

-1.0

-0.8

-3.0

-4.1

-3.2

-3.9

6.1

0.8

-0.2

8.7

1.6

-5.2

-6.0

-4.9

0.2

-5.0

-1.8

5.5

-1.8

60.9

-82.8

-45.2

28.0

23.2

-54.8

-138.3

-88.8

-91.9

-8.7

-91.7

-19.2

-129.9

-74.6

-52.5

29.1

-106.3

6.2

20.4

-1.9

-62.4

-100.7

-65.4

-45.2

-64.4

15.1

-8.0

-5.9

0.6

0.9

2.1

-0.7

-0.7

1.0

-1.1

0.6

0.2

-0.7

-2.7

0.1

0.1

0.7

0.5

0.8

-0.4

-0.8

-0.4

0.5

-2.2

0.7

2.8

-0.8

1.0

-0.1

4.1

0.5

-2.5

12.1

-0.1

-4.2

-2.0

15.2

-9.3

-6.6

-1.0

-2.5

-6.0

-3.4

-4.9

7.0

13.0

-1.4

-4.0

-4.1

-3.4

-2.4

-1.4

0.4

6.2

-1.7

3.0

-6.4

-0.1

-2.5

2.7

2.5

0.6

0.2

0.7

-0.2

-0.1b

-1.4p

-1.0p

1.0

0.6

0.7

1.8

-2.1

0.8

2.7

1.4

4.5

1.0

0.8

0.8

-2.0

-5.8

-0.8

1.0

2.3

2.6

0.1

1.0

-8.7p

-1.3

-4.0

1.4

2.6

-16.9

-7.6e

-9.8

3.9

-2.2

-2.1p

-4.5p

4.0

2.4

0.7

-6.9

-3.5

-4.0

3.0

-4.6

-6.5

-15.8

0.9

-5.2

0.0

0.8

-4.8

21.3

1.4

2.1

4.5

1.6

-1.1

16.2

-6.5

-3.7

6.4

-2.3

3.1

13.0

-2.0

-2.2

48.6

-4.4

7.2

3.6

3.0

6.7

-0.9

2.8

0.4

3.0

3.6

6.9

-1.2

174.1

124.2

68.3

222.6

102.7

120.4

270.9

130.2

196.2

135.3

122.6

122.7

321.6

115.5

64.7

328.3

114.9

158.5

228.1

130.1

73.9

204.1

72.9

113.0

70.2

145.4

190.7

173.1

102.3

15.2

39.8

46.4

78.7

6.1

109.6

172.1

69.5

85.2

65.2

116.5

65.2

42.8

37.2

18.8

80.7

70.0

61.6

82.6

54.1

111.4

34.2

46.6

43.7

48.5

37.5

81.6

7.2

11.3

6.7

7.6

5.8

12.3

14.7

17.9

21.4

9.2

13.7

8.4

7.9

16.2

15.4

4.8

11.0

6.4

5.0

4.6

9.7

12.9

7.2

8.2

13.7i

7.8

7.8

8.1

7.4

5.4

3.5

1.6

2.9

-0.6

-2.2

-3.7

2.8

6.7

2.4

4.9

-6.1

-4.1

2.5

10.1

6.2

10.9

9.1

1.5

4.9

-4.5

4.6

-1.2

0.3

28.4

3.4

10.9

66.7

65.9b

70.5b

79.3

77.3b

74.7

69.2

67.3

73.9

70.1

64.1

62.1

73.5

72.8

71.4

67.9

62.4

61.8

78.1b

74.6

65.7

73.6b

64.1

70.3

68.7b

74.9

79.9

75.5

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB for EL. 2) Unemployment rate for SK, i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census. 3) Youth unemployment rate for SK, i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

3.5

6.3

2.7

1.8

2.8

7.1

8.6

8.8

8.9

3.6

8.4

4.3

1.6

8.8

8.0

1.4

5.2

3.0

1.6

1.2

3.6

6.2

2.9

3.6

9.3

1.7

1.5

2.7

18.7

25.0

18.1

14.2

8.5

22.4

29.1

44.7

46.2

22.7

36.7

29.2

22.4

31.0

32.6

16.4

26.0

13.3

10.0

8.9

25.8

30.2

23.9

15.7

33.7i

20.1

22.8

21.3

181 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.6: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2010 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2010

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1.8

-1.7

-3.6

6.6

5.6

1.8

-1.5

-11.4

-3.9

-0.8

-1.2

-3.4

-11.3

2.1

-0.3

6.7

0.3

-4.7

7.0

2.9

-5.4

-10.1

-5.1

-0.1

-4.7

1.2

6.0

-2.7

65.2

-91.9

-46.1

12.9

25.7

-71.2

-114.9

-99.0

-88.6

-9.3

-94.3

-20.7

-111.2

-82.9

-55.9

-20.5

-108.8

12.1

11.2

-5.2

-65.1

-104.3

-63.4

-47.2

-61.9

16.5

-5.6

-4.0

-2.6

-2.9

1.2

-4.4

-5.2

-3.7

-7.2

-1.2

-3.1

-4.1

-3.3

-4.5

-4.1

-7.9

-5.3

-1.6

1.6

-5.0

-3.9

-3.4

6.0

-3.1

1.6

-2.6

-4.2

-5.7

6.5

0.9

-6.6

-7.6

-5.0

-9.8

-6.2

2.8

-13.5

-11.5

-9.6

-10.1

-12.7

-8.6

-14.7

-4.8

4.8

-7.9

-7.9

-10.8

-6.7

-10.4

-1.7

-8.9

-0.3

-9.9

-4.6

-12.0

-1.4

-7.3

-0.7

4.3

0.0

-0.8

-1.2

-4.6

-9.3

1.0

-1.6p

1.0

0.1

0.0

-0.2

-9.4

-7.0

-1.1

-1.1

0.2

-1.7

-0.1

2.4b

-1.2

2.4

0.6

-1.1

-1.4

-2.6

1.6

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

1.4

-12.3p

-2.3

0.3

-0.9

2.1

-11.6

-8.0e

-3.7

3.6

-7.8

-2.2b

-7.6p

-8.7

-8.6

4.0

-5.9

-1.1

-2.7

4.4be

-6.1e

-1.0

-13.8

-1.3

-5.0

4.8

6.4

3.5

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

3.2

3.7

2.7

-2.9

0.0

-7.6

2.2

5.5

0.9

4.6

4.9

5.0

13.2

2.5

-5.9

-16.7

-4.2

6.8

2.8

0.3

4.3

5.3

0.9

1.9

2.9

7.3

5.3

-2.7

161.6

132.5

68.1

222.1

106.6

140.4

257.9

128.1

200.3

131.8

125.2

123.3

315.6

134.0

74.5

302.2

115.5

162.0

229.5

132.9

69.7

201.5

73.9

115.1

67.4

148.9

189.0

175.5

99.7

15.3

38.2

42.9

81.0

6.6

86.3

146.2

60.1

81.6

58.3

115.4

55.8

47.4

36.2

19.9

80.5

67.6

59.3

82.8

53.1

96.2

29.9

38.4

41.2

47.1

38.3

76.0

8.3

10.3i

7.3

7.5

7.0

16.7

13.9

12.7

19.9

9.3

11.7

8.4

6.3

19.5

17.8

4.6

11.2

6.9

5.0

4.8

9.7

12.0

7.0

7.3

14.5

8.4

8.6

7.8

-0.5

-5.4

3.1

9.7

-1.1

-8.9

6.3

8.3

-2.0

3.3

3.3

4.2

8.4

-0.3

0.3

11.3

-0.2

12.4

5.9

-1.9

13.5

11.5

5.0

-3.4

1.6

9.2

2.9

8.3

67.7

66.7b

70.2

79.4

76.7b

73.9

69.4

67.8

73.5

70.3

65.1

62.0

73.6

73.0

70.2

68.2

61.9

60.4

78.2b

74.4

65.3b

73.7

64.9b

71.5

68.7

74.5

79.1

75.4

4.0

4.7

3.0

1.5

3.3

7.6

6.8

5.7

7.3

3.5

6.6

4.0

1.3

8.8

7.4

1.3

5.5

3.1

1.2

1.2

3.0

5.7

2.4

3.2

9.3

2.0

1.6

2.5

22.4

21.9i

18.3

13.9

9.8

32.9

27.6

33.0

41.5

23.3

32.4

27.9

16.6

36.2

35.7

15.8

26.4

13.2

11.1

9.5

23.7

28.2

22.1

14.7

33.9

21.4

24.8

19.9

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unemployment rate: BG for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 3) Youth unemployment rate: BG for 2010 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

182 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.7: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2009 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2009

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-1.1

-8.3

-2.3

3.5

5.7

2.5

-4.9

-12.3

-4.3

-0.8

-5.3

-1.9

-7.7

7.8

2.1

7.3

-0.8

-6.6

5.5

2.6

-4.0

-10.4

-4.8

-0.6

-3.4

1.9

6.0

-3.0

57.5

-49.7

-44.0

0.9

25.0

-80.1

-116.8

-87.5

-93.5

-14.8

-86.9

-22.3

-100.3

-82.7

-58.4

-29.5

-115.5

12.6

1.4

-5.1

-57.3

-107.9

-62.0

-43.6

-66.5

3.2

-7.2

-10.6

0.5

4.0

-3.7

2.6

1.0

2.0

-1.5

2.4

0.4

0.4

1.5

1.3

1.0

5.0

6.8

0.9

-5.3

0.7

1.9

1.1

-14.7

-0.6

-7.4

2.3

6.9

3.1

-7.2

-9.5

1.0

-4.5

1.0

-1.6

-1.3

-7.9

18.6

-5.6

2.3

0.4

-0.7

-4.9

12.9

-1.8

-11.5

2.7

-3.3

17.1

0.6

-1.7

0.3

0.0

0.7

-2.6

-7.2

-10.8

-8.5

0.0

3.3

10.2

2.6

5.1

6.3

2.2

-4.5

7.1

1.6p

3.5

6.9

4.6

7.7

-10.9

-1.7

8.6

3.0

5.6

5.5

5.2

0.9

2.7

3.2

8.5

6.3

8.5

5.7

5.3

-0.1

-21.0p

-4.7

-13.1

1.2

-37.1

-13.6

-4.6e

-5.8

-4.9

-8.0

-0.1

-6.6

-34.9

-32.8

-1.8

-9.0

-6.2

-3.5

3.5e

-5.3e

1.0

-27.1e

-10.3

-12.8

-0.4p

0.7

-9.7

6.2

4.7

0.7

-1.9

-0.9

-6.0

-4.6

2.2

-1.2

3.3

2.6

0.8

7.9

-8.6

-9.4

-32.1

6.0

10.6

8.5

1.3

4.4

5.3

-1.7

2.9

3.0

0.8

5.9

-7.7

164.7

133.8

66.0

233.3

113.1

153.2

256.7

116.5

201.4

130.5

118.6

122.5

306.0

125.4

83.3

350.1

117.0

167.6

231.4

132.8

67.1

204.2

71.9

113.5

69.2

142.8

201.5

185.5

99.5

13.7

34.1

40.4

72.6

7.0

61.7

126.7

52.7

78.9

49.0

112.5

53.4

36.6

28.0

16.0

77.8

67.8

56.9

80.1

49.4

83.6

23.2

34.6

36.3

41.7

41.0

64.5

7.9

6.8

6.7

6.0

7.6

13.5

12.0

9.6

17.9

9.1

9.2

7.7

5.4

17.5

13.8

5.1

10.0

6.9

4.4

5.3

8.1i

10.7

6.5

5.9

12.1

8.2

8.3

7.6

-1.4

1.3

2.4

5.6

-6.4

-7.8

3.4

10.1

3.7

0.1

5.0

5.0

11.6

-9.2

-4.7

6.4

1.9

4.4

7.8

-2.0

8.9

8.9

16.0

7.7

-4.7

18.2

3.3

-16.9

66.9

67.2

70.1

80.2

76.3

74.0

70.6b

67.4b

73.1

70.3

65.6

62.3

73.0b

73.5

69.6

68.7b

61.2

59.4

79.7

74.3

64.7

73.4

63.1

71.8

68.4

75.0

78.9

75.7

3.5

2.9

2.0

0.6

3.5

3.7

3.5

3.9

4.3

3.0

5.1

3.4

0.6

4.5

3.3

1.2

4.2

2.9

0.8

1.2

2.6

4.2

2.2

1.8

6.6

1.4

1.1

1.9

21.9

15.1

16.6

11.8

11.1

27.4

24.0

25.7

37.7

23.6

25.2

25.3

13.8

33.3

29.6

16.5

26.4

14.5

10.2

10.7

20.6i

25.3

20.0

13.6

27.6

21.5

25.0

19.1

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for BG, PL and RO; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unemployment rate: PL for 2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 3) Youth unemployment rate: PL for 2009 i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

183 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.8: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2008 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2008

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

-1.0

-22.0

-1.9

2.9

5.6

-8.7

-6.5

-15.1

-9.3

-1.0

-9.0

-2.8

-15.5

-12.3

-13.3

7.7

-7.0

-1.1

5.0

4.5

-6.7

-12.1

-11.8

-5.3

-6.5

2.2

7.8

-3.5

51.8

-48.0

-38.2

-5.1

18.2

-75.4

-95.8

-75.8

-80.2

-13.8

-73.8

-21.7

-79.1

-74.2

-51.5

16.5

-102.2

4.2

-8.1

-10.1

-55.6

-95.1

-52.5

-39.4

-58.1

-4.6

-7.9

9.0

2.7

8.7

14.9

2.1

0.5

6.5

3.5

1.6

2.5

1.6

3.9

1.4

3.2

10.2

6.0

1.9

2.7

3.7

0.5

0.3

9.1

0.6

-5.2

1.6

8.4

1.5

-2.2

-12.8

-1.5

5.6

4.4

2.3

-3.3

0.9

-6.9

1.2

-4.5

-2.5

1.5

-6.3

-5.9e

4.4

20.0

-3.6

3.6

14.3

-0.2

-2.4

7.6

-3.8

14.1

-0.6

-1.8

0.0

-4.3

-10.7

4.7

12.8

3.5

5.9

2.3

16.7

8.0

5.3

5.7p

2.9

5.2

4.2

2.9

21.0

9.7

8.5

4.3

3.2

3.7

3.7

7.8

2.8

21.9

6.4

4.2

5.8

5.2

2.0

1.2

17.6p

7.8e

-7.9

-0.3

-16.5

-8.4

-2.5e

-4.8

-1.8

-2.5

-0.5

0.6

-10.8

-1.7

1.1

-3.1

7.2

0.0

-1.1e

na

1.0b

na

1.3

12.8

-2.5p

-2.0

-8.1

17.0

33.3

9.1

18.8

0.5

10.5

22.0

15.5

11.7

9.8

16.0

6.6

29.8

9.1

10.3

-35.2

12.6

14.1

9.7

5.4

14.2

15.9

13.1

15.5

10.9

16.7

18.7

10.4

162.2

131.4

63.7

222.8

109.8

136.7

236.5

113.0

195.7

122.2

110.3

113.9

285.0

104.5

76.7

357.4

105.5

152.9

216.3

127.5

67.3

196.2

65.5

105.6

64.9

132.7

189.0

181.5

92.5

13.0

28.7

33.4

65.1

4.5

42.4

109.4

39.4

68.0

39.6

102.4

44.7

18.7

14.6

15.1

71.6

62.7

54.8

68.8

46.3

71.7

13.2

21.8

28.5

32.7

37.5

50.2

7.0

5.6

4.4

3.4

7.4

5.5i

6.4

7.8

11.3

7.4

8.6

6.7

3.7

7.7

5.8

4.9

7.8i

6.0

3.7

4.1

7.1

8.8

5.6

4.4

9.6

6.4

6.2

5.6

-1.8

-0.8

6.2

0.0

4.6

4.3

6.5

4.4

3.8

1.9

-9.1

-0.6

115.7

9.0

4.2

-6.9

26.2

13.3

3.8

10.9

6.8

4.4

14.0

6.6

10.5

16.8

11.9

48.3

67.1

67.8

69.7

80.7

75.9

74.2

72.1

66.7

72.7

69.9

65.8

62.9

73.6

74.2

68.4

66.8

61.2

59.1

79.3

73.9

63.8

73.9

62.9

71.8

68.8

76.0

79.3

75.8b

3.3

2.9

2.2

0.5

3.9

1.7

1.7

3.7

2.0

2.6

5.3

3.0

0.5

1.9

1.3u

1.6

3.6

2.6

0.9

1.0

2.5

3.6

2.4

1.9

6.7

1.2

0.8

1.4

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for PL; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unemployment rate for EE and HU, i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.  3) Youth unemployment rate for EE and HU, i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

18.0

11.9

9.9

8.0

10.4

12.0i

13.3

21.9

24.5

19.0

23.7

21.2

9.0

13.6

13.3

17.3

19.5i

11.7

8.6

8.5

17.2

21.6

17.6

10.4

19.3

16.5

20.2

15.0

184 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.9: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2007 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2007

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

2.0

-23.9

-4.3

1.4

6.7

-15.0

-6.5

-15.2

-9.6

-0.3

-7.3

-1.4

-11.8

-20.7

-15.1

9.8

-7.1

-1.9

7.0

3.8

-6.3

-9.7

-13.8

-4.1

-5.9

3.8

8.2

-2.4

33.6

-39.4

-37.0

-5.8

18.7

-71.3

-31.4

-93.7

-79.6

-8.9

-89.1

-21.2

-56.5

-69.0

-54.6

-18.4

-88.5

21.4

-15.0

-9.8

-49.2

-88.8

-46.9

-25.5

-56.4

-27.9

1.2

-8.9

0.7

4.7

2.7

0.7

1.3

4.5

3.1

0.7

1.6

0.6

0.3

0.9

-0.6

6.6

3.0

0.9

10.9

1.3

0.2

0.6

3.3

1.0

8.2

1.2

9.6

0.2

0.9

1.5

2.3

6.9

7.8

-0.5

3.9

13.4

3.3

6.9

5.0

-1.1

1.9

3.0

3.0e

21.7

3.5

7.5

10.7

3.3

1.8

4.8

10.6

4.4

24.0

10.3

9.1

4.4

2.3

-7.8

1.8

8.3

2.7

5.3

-0.6

16.8

6.3

2.6

4.1p

1.6

13.6

2.0

1.5

27.3

4.8

0.5

5.3

2.0

2.4

1.2

3.2

1.0

8.9

2.6

0.2

0.3

4.2

3.6

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

4.8

18.4p

15.9e

0.9

-3.7

12.1

4.3

2.2e

6.3

3.6b

8.8

2.7

8.1

22.0

19.3

4.6b

na

19.5

2.5

2.1e

na

-1.9

na

18.8

25.7

3.9p

10.9

7.7

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

16.8

41.2

9.2

17.1

2.2

12.3

24.8

16.2

26.4

11.2

16.7

12.0

29.0

29.5

22.8

223.6

16.0

3.2

12.9

7.3

12.5

18.2

20.3

21.5

9.6

13.2

20.1

17.0

134.4

123.4

57.5

208.4

110.9

123.0

198.0

101.5

191.2

115.6

100.7

109.7

265.5

102.6

74.7

402.3

94.1

145.3

214.9

124.6

54.4

185.0

57.8

96.3

60.4

123.6

167.9

172.1

87.0

16.3

27.8

27.3

63.7

3.7

23.9

103.1

35.5

64.3

37.7

99.8

53.5

8.4

15.9

7.8

65.6

62.4

42.7

65.1

44.2

68.4

12.7

22.8

30.1

34.0

39.0

42.0

7.5

6.9

5.3

3.8

8.5

4.6

4.7

8.4

8.2

8.0

9.9

6.1

3.9

6.1

4.3

4.2

7.4

6.5

4.2

4.9

9.6

9.1

6.4

4.9

11.2

6.9

6.1

5.3

14.9

29.3

15.5

10.2

8.2

27.9

9.6

22.2

16.8

12.6

24.2

0.4

27.2

36.7

34.6

13.3

23.7

43.8

14.9

11.0

18.3

10.2

35.3

28.6

25.7

10.2

9.4

16.2

67.1

66.3

69.9

80.1

75.6

73.2

72.6b

66.5

71.8

69.7

65.7

62.4

73.9

72.6

67.9

66.9b

61.6

58.8

78.5

73.5b

63.2

73.9

63.0

71.3

68.3

75.6

79.1

75.5b

3.8

4.0

2.8

0.6

4.9

2.3

1.4

4.2

1.7

3.0

6.0

2.9

0.7

1.6

1.4u

1.2

3.5

2.7

1.2

1.3

5.1

3.8

3.2

2.2

8.4

1.5

0.8

1.3

18.8

14.1

10.7

7.5

11.8

10.1

9.1

22.7

18.1

19.5

25.2

20.4

10.2

10.6

8.4

15.6

18.1

13.5

9.4

9.4

21.6

21.4

19.3

10.1

20.6

16.5

19.2

14.3

Flags: b: break in time series. e: estimated. p: provisional. u: low reliability. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

185 

 
 
 
 
Table 6.10: MIP Scoreboard (base indicators) 2006 

Current account 
balance - % of 
GDP 
(level year)

Year
2006

External imbalances and competitiveness
Net 
Real effective 
exchange rate - 42 
international 
trading partners, 
investment 
HICP deflator 
position 
(% y-o-y change)
(% of GDP)

Export market 
share - % of 
world exports
(% y-o-y change)

Nominal unit 
labour cost 
index 
(2010=100)
(% y-o-y change)

House price 
index 
(2010=100), 
deflated 
(% y-o-y 
change) 

Internal imbalances

Private sector 
credit flow, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

Private sector 
debt, 
consolidated 
(% of GDP)

General 
government 
gross debt 
(% of GDP)

Unemployment 
rate 
(level year)

Total financial 
sector 
liabilities, 
non-
consolidated
(% y-o-y change)

Activity rate - % of 
total population 
aged 15-64
(level year)

Employment indicators
Long-term 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
74
(level year)

Youth 
unemployment rate 
- % of active 
population aged 15-
24
(level year)

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1.9

-17.2

-2.1

3.3

5.7

-15.0

-5.3

-11.5

-9.0

0.0

-6.6

-1.5

-8.2

-20.7

-10.6

10.0

-7.1

-6.6

9.2

3.3

-4.0

-10.7

-10.3

-1.8

-9.5

3.8

8.2

-2.2

34.4

-28.9

-30.9

-0.3

19.8

-73.3

-25.8

-82.6

-67.9

-4.8

-73.6

-20.1

-45.4

-64.1

-48.0

21.6

-95.1

27.8

-1.9

-12.9

-44.9

-79.3

-36.0

-16.8

-64.8

-14.2

-9.8

-11.3

-0.1

4.1

4.4

-0.7

-0.9

1.1

0.5

0.0

1.0

-0.7

1.1

-0.5

-0.3

2.8

-0.3

0.5

-5.1

0.7

-0.8

-1.0

1.5

0.4

6.8

-0.7

5.1

-2.1

-0.8

0.3

-6.6

8.8

3.4

-0.8

-0.6

1.3

-5.5

-4.9

-4.5

-4.9

-2.8

-3.2

-9.6e

2.7

3.7

5.7

1.5

12.2

-3.3

-2.7

6.6

2.1

8.4

2.6

9.8

-1.4

-0.9

0.2

2.2

2.8

0.5

2.0

-1.8

9.2

3.2

-0.7

3.3p

1.9

2.3

2.2

1.6

15.8

12.1

3.0

1.8

4.1

0.3

1.5

-0.7

0.7

4.8

1.3

1.6

1.2

0.2

4.4

6.4

12.3p

5.7e

21.4

-1.5

41.0

12.1

9.7e

9.5e

9.7

13.9

3.1

8.5

41.0e

22.6e

8.4

na

17.0

1.6

2.0e

na

-1.4

na

14.1

na

5.6p

11.1

5.0

5.0

28.0

8.7

23.8

1.0

34.5

40.9

16.4

35.0

9.2

18.0

10.4

12.4

33.6

18.8

27.4

13.9

6.5

13.5

5.3

9.2

12.6

15.1

13.6

8.5

8.9

10.3

14.7

122.7

91.2

53.0

199.9

114.1

114.0

190.5

92.5

177.3

112.6

91.1

102.2

259.2

97.2

62.4

202.4

83.7

142.0

215.3

122.9

47.6

176.5

44.5

82.5

51.8

119.2

154.0

167.7

91.0

21.0

27.9

31.5

66.5

4.4

23.6

103.6

38.9

64.4

38.9

102.6

58.7

9.9

17.2

7.9

64.6

64.6

44.8

67.3

46.9

69.2

12.3

26.0

31.0

38.2

43.7

41.0

8.3

9.0

7.1

3.9i

10.1

5.9

4.5

9.0

8.5

8.8

11.6i

6.8

4.6

7.0

5.8

4.6i

7.5

6.8

5.0

5.3

13.9

8.9

7.2

6.0

13.5

7.7

7.1

5.4

11.1

51.9

3.6

11.9

4.8

15.1

21.6

14.3

20.0

15.1

27.1

10.4

29.5

47.6

32.6

17.5

17.8

36.7

12.3

9.7

24.4

13.8

35.3

13.8

-8.2

12.2

9.6

10.2

66.5

64.5

70.3

80.6

74.9

72.8

71.9

66.7

71.1

69.6

4.2

5.0

3.9

0.8

5.7

2.9

1.4

4.9

1.8

3.5

63.0e

6.4e

62.6

73.0

71.0

67.6

66.7

62.0

57.9

77.4

72.4

63.4

73.6

63.6

70.9

68.6

75.2

78.8

75.7

3.3

0.9

2.4

2.6

1.4

3.4

2.7

1.7

1.5

7.9

3.9

4.1

2.9

10.3

1.9

1.0e

1.2

20.5

18.3

17.5

7.7i

13.6

12.1

8.7

25.0

17.9

22.0

28.8i

21.8

10.0

13.6

10.0

15.5i

19.1

15.5

10.0

9.8

29.8

21.2

20.2

13.9

27.0

18.7

21.5

13.9

Flags: e: estimated. i: see metadata. p: provisional. na: not available. 

Note: 1) House price index e = NSI estimates for CZ; e = source NCB for EL and AT. 2) Unemployment rate for DK, HR and LU i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results. 3) Youth unemployment rate for DK, HR and LU i = Eurostat back-calculation to include 2011 Population Census results.
Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (for Real Effective Exchange Rate), and International Monetary Fund

186