Negligible creep temperature curve verification for steels 10CrMoV9-10 and X2CrMoNiMo17-12-2.
Date: 2016-05-18
Institutions: Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
Subjects: applied research, materials technology, nuclear research, research project, research report, resistance of materials, steel, testing

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Negligible creep temperature curve 
verification for steels 10CrMoV9-10 and 
X2CrMoNiMo17-12-2 

Contribution to 
CEN/TC 54/WG 59 CREEP 
MaCoSyMA deliverable 2015-8 

Stefan Holmström 
2 016

Report EUR 27780 EN 

European Commission 
Joint Research Centre 
Institute for Energy and Transport 

Contact information 
Stefan Holmström 
Address: Joint Research Centre, Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755 LE Petten, the Netherlands 
E-mail: Stefan.holmstrom@ec.europa.eu 
Tel.: +31 224 565069 

JRC Science Hub  
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc 

Legal Notice 
This publication is a Validated Methods, Reference Methods and Measurements Report by the Joint Research Centre,  
the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European 
policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. 
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which 
might be made of this publication. 

JRC96754 

EUR 27780 EN 

ISBN 978-92-79-57126-8  (PDF) 

ISSN  1831-9424 (online) 

doi: 10.2790/208315 

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 

© European Union, 2016 

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. 

Abstract 

A simplified methodology to define the negligible creep (TNEC) curves has been proposed for the CEN TC 54 WG CREEP for 
defining  negligible  creep  temperature  curves  using  standard  tensile  and  the  creep  rupture  properties.  The  method  can 
potentially be implemented in the European standard EN-13445 for the design of unfired pressure vessels. The EN-13445 
standard intends to include the NEC temperature curves for a number of steels (mainly ferritic and ferritic-martensitic). In 
this report the negligible creep curves for the F/M steel 10CrMo9-10 (Grade P22) and the austenitic steel X2CrNiMo17-12-
2 (Grade 316L) are defined by limiting the allowable time in creep to 1/1000 of the corresponding time to rupture at the 
specified reference stress. The reference stress has been set at 2/3 Rp02 for the F/M steel and 1.35 Rp02 for the austenitic 
steel. The predicted curves are compared against creep strain data from the open literature and data from the European 
Creep  Collaborative  Committee  (ECCC)  Work  Group  I  activities  on  robust  creep  strain  modelling.  For  the  case  of 
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel the proposed negligible temperature curve is compared against the curve defined in the nuclear 
design rules RCC-MRx. The proposed methodology is based on the Wilshire equations: The time factor approach is shown 
to produce conservative TNEC curves for both steels and support the use of the methodology for generating TNEC curves for 
the EN13445 standard. 

Abstract
A  simplified  methodology  to  define  the  negligible  creep  (TNEC)  curves  has  been 
proposed  for  the  CEN  TC  54  WG  CREEP  for  defining  negligible  creep  temperature 
curves  using  standard  tensile  and  the  creep  rupture  properties.  The  method  can 
potentially  be  implemented  in  the  European  standard  EN-13445  for  the  design  of 
unfired  pressure  vessels.  The  EN-13445  standard  intends  to  include  the  NEC 
temperature curves for a number of steels (mainly ferritic and ferritic-martensitic). In 
this report the negligible creep curves for the F/M steel 10CrMo9-10  (Grade P22) and 
the  austenitic  steel  X2CrNiMo17-12-2  (Grade  316L)  are  defined  by  limiting  the 
allowable time in creep to 1/1000 of the corresponding time to rupture at the specified 
reference stress. The reference stress has been set at 2/3 Rp02 for the F/M steel and 1.35 
Rp02  for  the  austenitic  steel.  The  predicted  curves  are  compared  against  creep  strain 
data  from  the  open  literature  and  data  from  the  European  Creep  Collaborative 
Committee  (ECCC)  Work  Group  I  activities  on  robust  creep  strain  modelling.  For  the 
case of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel the proposed negligible temperature curve is compared 
against  the  curve  defined  in  the  nuclear  design  rules  RCC-MRx.  The  proposed 
methodology is based on the Wilshire equations: The time factor approach is shown to 
produce  conservative  TNEC  curves  for  both  steels  and  support  the  use  of  the 
methodology for generating TNEC curves for the EN13445 standard.  

Temperature limit for NO creep, 375°C for F/M steel, 450°C for austenitics 

Absolute Temperature (K) 
Stress (MPa) 
Time (h) 
Strain (%) 

List of Acronyms 
WE  Wilshire model for creep rupture or strain 
NEC  Negligible Creep 
T 
 
t 
 
TNEC  Temperature-time curve for NEC (°C) 
TNC 
Ru/t/T  Creep Rupture strength (MPa) to time t at temperature T 
Rp02  Yield stress (MPa) at specified T 
Rm 
ref 
Sm  
tr 
t0.2%   Time to 0.2% strain at  and T 
tal 
SCF   Stress correction factor used on creep rupture strength 
RTF   Rupture time factor; adjusting tr to NEC criterion; t (, T)=tr (, T)/ RTF 

Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) at specified T 
Reference stress (MPa), ref =2/3Rp0.2 or 1.35Rp0.2
Allowable stress (MPa) 
Time to rupture at specified  and T 

"Allowable" time in creep in relation to rupture, tal=tr/RTF t0.2% 

Introduction 
A  simplified  methodology  to  define  the  negligible  creep  (TNEC)  curves  based  on  the 
Wilshire equations was proposed to CEN TC 54 WG CREEP for defining negligible creep 
temperature  curves  using  standard  tensile  and  the  creep  rupture  properties  [1].  The 
method  could  be  implemented  in  the  European  standard  EN-13445  for  the  design  of 

unfired pressure vessels [2]. In this report the negligible creep curves for the F/M steel 
10CrMo9-10 (Grade  P22) and the austenitic steel X2CrNiMo17-12-2  (Grade  316L) are 
defined by limiting the allowable time in creep to 1/1000 of the corresponding time to 
rupture  at  reference  stresses  of  2/3  Rp02  for  10CrMo9-10  and  1.35  Rp02  for 
X2CrNiMo17-12-2.  The  selected  rupture  time  factor  1/1000  (RTF)  is  based  on  the 
thorough  assessment  on  steel  X10CrMoVNb9-1  (Grade  91),  where  time  to  0.2%  in 
strain coincides with 1/1000 of the time to rupture. 

The  predicted  curves  are  compared  against  creep  strain  data  found  in  the  open 
literature  and  data  from  the  European  Creep  Collaborative  Committees  (ECCC)  Work 
Group I activities on robust creep strain modelling [3]. For the case of X2CrNiMo17-12-
2  steel  the  proposed  negligible  temperature  curve  is  also  compared  with  the  one 
defined in the nuclear design rules RCC-MRx [4].  

Simplified TNEC curves have been constructed assuming the 1/1000 time to rupture and 
then tested against available creep strain data to verify that the method is conservative 
in accumulated creep strain, i.e. below 0.2% in strain.  A schematic presentation of the 
TNEC curve is given in Figure 1. 

In  the  case  of  the  stainless  steel  X2CrMoNiMo17-12-2,  the  acquired  TNEC  curve  is 
compared with the creep strain prediction model and existing TNEC curve of the nuclear 
RCC-MRx design code. 

In  EN  13445-3  (6.2.1),  i.e.  the  nominal  design  stress  for  normal  operating  load  cases 
shall not exceed the smaller of the two following values: 

 

 

the minimum yield strength or 0,2 % proof strength at calculation temperature, 
as  given  in  the  technical  specification  for  the  material,  divided  by  the  safety 
factor 1,5 
the minimum tensile strength at 20 °C, as given in the technical specification for 
the material, divided by a safety factor 2.4. 

In  this  work  the  first  definition  of  design  stress  has  been  used  as  reference  stress  for 
NEC,  i.e.  2/3  Rp02,  since  material  properties  at  elevated  temperature  clearly  must  be 
more relevant to creep than room temperature properties.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure  1.  Time-temperature  regions  for  specified  reference  stress.  The  Negligible  Creep 
temperature  curve  TNEC  (long  dash)  separates  the  regions  where  time  dependent  and  time 
independent design has to be applied. The creep rupture temperature curve beyond which creep 
failure  occurs  (TRupt  continuous  line).  The  "No  Creep"  limit  (small  dash)  for  Ferritic-Martensitic 
steels at 375°C is also given. 

Objectives 
The objectives of this work are: 

1.  To validate the use of the Wilshire equation for NEC temperature curve by using 
a rupture time factor (RFT=1000) instead of a creep strain criteria of 0.2% strain 

2.  Verify the method on 10CrMo910 (P22) steel with available creep strain data 
3.  Verify the method on X2CrMoNiMo17-12-2 (316L) steel with available creep 

strain data 

4.  Apply method on the other steels in EN 13445  
5.  Make recommendations on the use of the WE approach.  

Models and methods 
The TNEC temperature curves in this report are based on the Wilshire equation (WE) for 
creep rupture  [5]  and the  safety  factors are introduced in the  NEC curve  by a  rupture 
time  factor  (RTF)  of  1000,  i.e  the  allowed  time  at  temperature  and  stress  equals  the 
rupture  time  divided  by  1000.  The  RTF  of  1000  was  determined  for  X10CrMoVNb9-1 
(Grade 91) to comply with a creep strain of 0.2%. Thus, if a material has no creep strain 
data the RTF could potentially replace the 0.2% creep strain criteria for the TNEC curve, 
tal=t0.2% 

Eq.1 

3503754004254504755005255501.E+011.E+021.E+031.E+041.E+051.E+06Temperature (°C)Time (h) RuptureNEC for 0.2% strainNO creep limitNEGLIGIBLE CREEP (NEC),time independent designNO CREEP (NC), time independent designCREEP (strain)FAILURECREEP RUPTURECREEP, time dependent designRTFttral 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The WE for temperature at specified stress  and time to strain or rupture is:  

Eq.2 

where    is  the  reference  stress  Rm  the  ultimate  tensile  strength,  i.e.  /Rm.is  the 
normalized  stress,  Q  the  activation  energy,  R  the  gas  constant,  T  the  absolute 
temperature  and  tal  is  the  allowable  time  at  the  negligible  creep  temperature.  For  the 
10CrMo9-10  steel  the  ultimate  tensile  strength  (Rm)  is  not  given  in  the  standard 
(10028-2)  and  the  normalization  is  done  by  approximating  the  Rm  by  multiplying  the 
tensile strength Rp02 with a factor (C in Eq.3) of 2.5. In the case of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 the 
tensile strength to yield ratio is much higher and a factor of 3.8 is used 

Eq.3 

10CrMo9-10 (Grade 22, 1.7380) 
The  10CrMo9-10  steel  is  a  classic  pressure  vessel  steel  grade  for  use  in  elevated 
temperature service. The steel is a classic material choice in the power and oil industry 
for moderate stresses up to 590°C. The creep properties are inferior to the more alloyed 
steel variants used today. 

The  negligible  creep  temperature  curve  for  10CrMo9-10  was  defined  in  the  previous 
report [1] using the EN-10028 table values [6]. As mentioned before, in the absence of 
tensile strength values in the standard the WE is normalized by 2.5 Rp02. The WE master 
curve  is  shown  in  Figure  2.  Note  that  the  most  conservative  isochronous  rupture 
strength values (here the 10 000 h strength) has been chosen for defining the WE curve 
and the TNEC is extracted from the location of the crosshairs.  

urmTRQtkR))exp((expupalRCktRQT102)ln(1ln 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 2. EN10028 creep strength data for 10CrMo910. The WE plot is calculated with Q=300 000 
J/mol normalized with 2.5 Rp02. The target reference stress (2/3 Rp02) is the horizontal line at 0.27 
normalized stress and the vertical line defines the location where the TNEC curve retrieved. 

The solved TNEC curve for the thickest pipes (150-200 mm) of 10CrMo910 is shown in 
Figure 3. The corresponding curves from the previous assessment for different product 
thickness are shown in Figure 4. The difference in the curves is the factor of normalizing 
the stress values, i.e 2.5 or 1.9 of yield (Rp02). It can be seen this has very little impact on 
the final TNEC curve. 

The  most  conservative  of  the  acquired  TNEC  curves  can  be  chosen  to  represent  the 
material to avoid separate curves for the different thicknesses.  

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91-42-40-38-36-34-32/2.5Rp02ln(tr/exp(-Q/RT))WE Rupture modelWE-NEC nodelEN 10028 rupture 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 3. 10CrMo910 rupture and negligible creep temperature curves TNEC for thicknesses 150-
250 mm. The WE model parameters Q=300 000 J/mol, WE normalization by 2.5·Rp02 , RTF=1000 
and the most conservative prediction is by using 10 000h rupture strengths.  

Figure 4. 10CrMo910 rupture (upper right corner) and negligible creep temperature curves TNEC 
for thicknesses 16, 16-40, 40-60, 60-100, 100-150 and 150-250 mm. The WE model parameters 
Q=300 000 J/mol, WE normalization by 1.9·Rp02 and RTF=1000. 

Now  the  curve  is  to  be  validated  by  comparison  against  the  assessment  results  from 
three separate data sets containing time to strain data. 

The first data set is a small data set consisting of 30 creep curves previously assessed 
for several creep strain models in the ECCC inter-comparison actions [3]. This data set 

3603804004204404604805005205401.E+011.E+021.E+031.E+041.E+051.E+06Temperature (°C)Time (h) P22-ruptureRFT=1000NO creep limit3603804004204404604805005205401.E+011.E+021.E+031.E+041.E+051.E+06Temperature (°C)Time (h) Rupture 60-100 mmRupture 150-250 mmRupture 100-150 mmRupture 40-60 mmRupture 16-40 mmRupture <16 mmWE rupture based model; RTF=1000WE rupture based model; RTF=1000WE rupture based model; RTF=1000WE rupture based model; RTF=1000WE rupture based model; RTF=1000WE rupture based model; RTF=1000NO creep limit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
has a maximum rupture time of 3000 h with five isotherms between 510 and 600°C and 
a stress range of 120-280 MPa. The data set designation is ECCC-1. 

The second data set is single heat data set from NIMS, Japan [7]. The heat designated as 
MAF consists of 36 data points ranging in temperature between 450 and 650°C and in 
stress between 14 and 333 MPa. In the  given  data (time to a total strain) the smallest 
total  strain  given  is  0.5%.  There  are  4  data  points  that  can  be  used  for  time  to  0.2% 
creep  strain  by  subtracting  the  initial  strain  at  loading.  The  data  set  designation  is 
NIMS-MAF. 

The third assessed data set is a multi-heat data set also previously assessed by the ECCC 
WG1  [8].  This  data  set  consists  of  178  creep  rupture  tests  conducted  to  rupture  with 
both time to strain from test interruption and continuous measurement. Note that not 
all tests  have  the  0.2% strain recorded and it  is  unclear in some  cases if the  recorded 
strain  is  the  total  strain  at  time  of  measurement,  the  permanent  creep  strain  at  test 
interruption (unloaded). The temperature range of the data set was 450°C - 600°C and 
the stress range 31 - 465 MPa. The data set designation is ECCC-2. 

Since  there  are  no  heat-by-heat  tensile  properties  available  the  same  mean  EN10028 
yield  stress  (multiplied  by  2.5)  has  been  used  for  stress  normalization  of  all  the  data 
sets.  

A model for creep strain of 0.2% is constructed from the above described data sets. The 
model for time to 0.2% creep strain and the one for rupture are shown in Figure 5. The 
corresponding  TNEC  curve  at  the  reference  stress  is  shown  in  Figure  6  together  with 
strain data situated close to the reference stress (10%).  
As it can be seen from the plots, using a RTF of 1000 is conservative enough to show for 
NO  test  results  below  the  proposed  TNEC  curve  and  it  can  be  concluded  that  the  RTF 
approach gives a safe TNEC curve for also 10CrMo9-10.  

Figure  5.  All  available  time  to  0.2%  strain,  data  sets  ECCC-1,  ECCC-2  and  the  NIMS  MAF  data.  In 
comparison  to  the  WE  model  for  the  EN10028  rupture  data  (continues  blue),  the  0.2%  strain 

0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00-49-47-45-43-41-39-37-35-33/2.5·Rp02ln(tr/·exp(-Q/RT))EN 10028 rupture dataEN 10028 WE modelECCC-1ECCC-2NIMS MAFstrain model -0.2%RTF=1000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
model (continues red) and the RTF corrected model for NEC determination (dashed red line). The 
NEC curve is determined at the intersection line of the reference stress (small dots).  Note that NO 
data point is below the RTF line.  

Figure  6.  The  proposed  TNEC  curve  for  10CrMo9-10  and  ECCC-2  multi-heat  data  (time  to  0.2% 
strain) at target reference stress Rp0.2/1.5 10%.  

X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (Grade 316L, 1.4404) 
X2CrNiMo17-12-2  (316L)  is  a  low  carbon  version  (0.03%)  of  the  austenitic  stainless 
steel 316 with high pitting corrosion resistance and excellent resistance to salts. For the 
stainless  steel  case  the  same  methodology  has  been  used  as  for  the  other  steels.  The 
rupture time factor RTF=1000 used at a reference stress of 1.35·Rp02, i.e. 1.5 times the 
allowable  stress  given  in  RCC-MRx.  The  allowable  stress  Sm  is  0.9  Rp02  thus  giving  the 
reference  stress  as  1.35  times  the  yield  stress.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  2/3  yield 
criterion  used  for  F/M  steels  cannot  be  used  for  austenitic  steels  since  the  yield  to 
tensile strength ratio are entirely different for these two classes of steel.  

The TNEC curve based on the standard rupture strength values can be  compared to the 
existing TNEC curve of RCC-MRx and available creep strain data. The creep strain data is 
from the  same  ECCC round robin  [3] for creep strain modelling as  the  above  assessed 
10CrMo9-10 data. The data set is designated as ECCC-3. Note that this material data was 
designated  as  X2CrNiMoN18-13,  indicating  that  the  chemical  composition  is  closer  to 
316L(N)  steel  than  316L.  The  addition  of  nitrogen  is  expected  to  enhance  the  creep 
properties  above  650°C  and  below  this  temperature  the  316L  and  the  316L(N)  are 
expected to have equal creep rupture properties.  

The  negligible  creep  definitions  in  the  current  nuclear  design  codes  as  well  as  the 
corresponding  reference  stresses  are  defined  in  Table  1  for  austenitic  stainless  steel. 
These  definitions  are  formulated  taking  into  account  steels  that  exhibit  cycling 
hardening.  

Table 1. Nuclear design code NEC definitions for austenitic stainless steels: 
Based on: 
Time fraction 
Creep strain 

Reference stress 
1.5·Sy* (R=0.67) 
1.25·Sy  (R=0.8) 

Code 
ASME NH 
ASME NH 

NEC criterion 
tu/tr ≤ 0.1 
≤ 0.2 % 

3503754004254504755005255505756006256506757001101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000Temperature (°C)Time to 0.2% strain or tr/RTFt02 (h)T-tr; sref=Rp02/1.5ln(te*exp(-Q/RT))T-0.2%; sref=Rp02/1.5T-tr/RFT; sref=Rp02/1.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time fraction 
(App. RB3216) 

RCC-MRx 

- 

Creep strain 

RCC-MRx 

Relaxation 

RCC-MRx 

1.25·Sy (R=0.8) 
1·Sm** 
3·Sy/E *** 
1.5·Sm 

Creep strain 

Japanese  design 
(Fast reactor) 

1.5·Sm 

ti/Ti ≤ 1 

≤ 0.03% 
≤ 0.01% 
1-0/rel = 10% 
1-0/rel = 20% 

≤ 0.03% 

R5 

Strain 
Relaxation 
*Sy is the yield (0.2%) stress, **Sm is the allowable stress defined by the design code at specified 
temperature,  Note  that  SmRm  (Rm  being  ultimate  tensile  strength)  and  SmRT/t.(RT/t being  the 
rupture strength for given temperature and rupture time, i.e. 100 kh or 200 kh in standards).*** 
determined as the stress to produce a total strain of 3Sy/E on the average monotonic curve. 

0.03% 
1-0/rel = 20% 

1.5·Sy 
1.35·Sy 

For  the  normalization  of  stress  the  mean  yield  stress  of  X2CrNiMo17-12-2  from  RCC-
MRx is used. For the temperatures above 550°C the Rp02 had to be estimated from the 
corresponding  values  of  steel  316L(N),  i.e.  X2CrNiMo17-12-2  (N)  in  RCC-MRx.  The 
creep  rupture  strength  values  used  for  the  WE  model  are  those  from  the  ECCC  data 
sheet [9] since RCC-MRx only has stress rupture values for 500-600°C.  

Figure 7. Creep strength values from the ECCC data sheet for X2CrNiMo17-12-2 for temperatures 
below 650°C. The WE plot is calculated  with Q=300  000 J/mol  normalized and normalizing  with 
3.8 Rp02. The dashed line indicates the reference stress (0.36 normalized stress). 

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91-45-40-35-30-25/3.8Rpo2ln(trexp(-Q/RT)) 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 8. TNEC prediction for X2CrNiMo17-12-2 by using the RTF=1000 at the reference stress of 
1.35 Rp02 (red large dash). is shown in the crosshairs. Note that the model is conservative at the 
reference stress 

In Figure 9 the TNEC curve is shown in comparison to the RCC-MRx defined curve based 
on  relaxation  data.  The  one  based  on  standard  strength  values  with  the  rupture  time 
factor  correction  is  somewhat  less  conservative  than  the  RCC-MRx  one  at  times  less 
than 10 000 h but more conservative for the long term duration. 

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91-49-44-39-34-29/3.8·Rp02ln(tr/·exp(-Q/RT))RCC-MRx 0.2% predRCC-MRx data sheetECCC Data sheetECCC-3 strain 0.2%ECCCRCC-MRxRTF=1000TNEC3503754004254504755005255505756006256506757001101001000100001000001000000Temperature (°C)Time to rupture or tr/RTFT-tr; sref=Rp02*1.35T-tr/RFT; sref=Rp02*1.35RCC-MRxNo Creep (NC)Figure 9. The TNEC prediction based on rupture data sheets for X2CrNiMo17-12-2 in comparison to 
the RCC-MRx curve.  

Figure 10. The TNEC prediction based on rupture data sheets for  X2CrNiMo17-12-2 in comparison 
to  RCC-MRx  predictions  for  0.2%  (primary)  creep  strain  of  316L(N).  Note  that  the  low 
temperature  predictions  of  RCC-MRx  were  done  with  316LN  steel  parameters.  The  reference 
stress has been corrected by an additional factor of 1.25 to compensate for the higher yield stress 
of 316L(N). 

Conclusions 

 The  Wilshire  based  creep  model  approach  for  determining  the  negligible  creep
curves  based  on  rupture  time  factor  correction  (RTF=1000)  has  been  used  to
verify the approach on two more materials.

 TNEC curves on were defined for 10CrMo910 (P22) F/M steel and X2CrNiMo17-
12-2  (316L)  austenitic  steel  based  on  rupture  strength  tables  and  tensile
strengths.

 The  reference  stresses  for  the  curves  were  2/3·Rp02  for  10CrMo910  and

1.35·Rp02 for X2CrNiMo17-12-2.

 The  TNEC  curves  acquired  by  the  simplified  approach  were  shown  to  be





conservative for both materials.
It  is  shown  that  the  safety  margin  acquired  from  the  time  factor  tr/1000  gives
"sufficient" conservatism for these materials.
It is proposed that the  TNEC curves are calculated for all material thicknesses  in
EN-10028 and the most conservative one is selected to represent the material in
question.

 The  corresponding  curves  can  also  be  constructed  for  materials  in  Annex  R  of
EN-13445 if consensus can be found on where the tensile properties (yield) for
each material are defined.

350375400425450475500525550575600101001000100001000001000000Temperature (°C)Time to rupture tr, tr/RTF and predicted t0.2%T-tr; sref=Rp02*1.35RCC-MRx 0.2% creep strain (316LN)T-tr/RFT; sref=Rp02*1.35No Creep (NC)Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union 
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European Commission 
EUR 27780 EN – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport 

Title: Negligible creep temperature curve verification for steels 10CrMoV9-10 and X2CrMoNiMo17-12-2 

Author(s): Stefan Holmström 

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 

2016 –14 pp. – 21.0 x 29.7 cm 

EUR – Scientific and Technical Research series – ISSN 1831-9424 (online) 

ISBN 978-92-79-57126-8 (PDF) 

doi: 10.2790/208315 

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JRC Mission 

As the Commission’s  
in-house science service,  
the Joint Research Centre’s 
mission is to provide EU  
policies with independent,  
evidence-based scientific  
and technical support  
throughout the whole  
policy cycle. 

Working in close  
cooperation with policy  
Directorates-General,  
the JRC addresses key  
societal challenges while  
stimulating innovation  
through developing  
new methods, tools  
and standards, and sharing 
its know-how with  
the Member States,  
the scientific community  
and international partners. 

Serving society  
Stimulating innovation 
Supporting legislation 

doi: 10.2790/208315 

ISBN 978-92-79-57126-8