COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL The Road from Paris: assessing the implications of the Paris Agreement and accompanying the proposal for a Council decision on the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the Paris agreement adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Date: 2016-03-02
Institutions: European Commission, Secretariat-General
Subjects: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, agreement (EU), climate change, greenhouse gas, pollution control measures, reduction of gas emissions, signature of an agreement

EN 

   EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 2.3.2016  COM(2016) 110 final   COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL The Road from Paris: assessing the implications of the Paris Agreement and accompanying the proposal for a Council decision on the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the Paris agreement adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change   
 
 
1. 

Introduction 

The  2015  Paris  Agreement  is  a  historically  significant  landmark  in  the  global  fight  against 
climate  change.  The  Agreement  provides  a  lifeline,  a  last  chance  to  hand  over  to  future 
generations  a  world  that  is  more  stable,  a  healthier  planet,  fairer  societies  and  more 
prosperous economies, also in the context of the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development. 
The Agreement will steer the world towards a global clean energy transition. This transition 
will  require  changes  in  business  and  investment  behaviour  and  incentives  across  the  entire 
policy  spectrum.  For  the  EU,  this  provides  important  opportunities,  notably  for  jobs  and 
growth. The transition will stimulate investment and innovation in renewable energy, thereby 
contributing  to  the  EU's  ambition  of  becoming  the  world  leader  in  renewable  energy,  and 
increase the growth in markets for EU produced goods and services, for instance in the field 
of energy efficiency. 

The Paris Agreement is the first multilateral agreement on climate change covering  almost all 
of the world's emissions. The Paris Agreement is a success for the world and a confirmation 
of  the  EU's  path  to  low  carbon  economy.  The  EU's  negotiation  strategy  was  decisive  in 
reaching the Agreement. The EU has pushed for ambition, bringing its experience of effective 
climate  policy  and  tradition  of  negotiations  and  rules-based  international  co-operation.  The 
EU  became  the  first  major  economy  to  present  its  climate  plan  (i.e.  Intended  Nationally 
Determined  Contribution  or  "INDC")  on  6  March  2015,  reflecting  the  2030  climate  and 
energy  policy  framework  set  by  the  October  2014  European  Council1  and  the  European 
Commission's blueprint for tackling global climate change beyond 20202. The EU has set an 
ambitious economy-wide domestic target of at least 40% greenhouse gas emission reduction 
for  2030.  The  target  is  based  on  global  projections  that  are  in  line  with  the  medium  term 
ambition of the Paris Agreement.  

Throughout the Paris Conference, the EU maintained a high level of political coherence. All 
EU ministers in Paris showed willingness and determination to succeed. The EU acted as one, 
defending  the  EU  position  as  agreed  by  the  Environment  Council.  This  allowed  the  EU  to 
speak with a single and unified voice in all phases of the negotiations, a crucial element for 
the  successful  outcome  in  Paris.  Most  importantly  as  part  of  the  EU's  climate  diplomacy 
outreach, the EU and it partners built a broad coalition of developed and developing countries 
in favour of the highest level of ambition. This High Ambition Coalition was instrumental in 
creating a positive dynamic during the negotiations and getting all big emitters on board the 
Paris Agreement.   

Moreover,  the  global  setting  changed  completely  when  compared  to  Copenhagen  2009 
resulting in world-wide bottom up mobilisation of Governments and non-State actors, such as 
business, investors, cities and civil society. The French Presidency of the Climate Conference 
and the UN deserve credit for the positive dynamics ahead of Paris and during the conference. 

1 European Council conclusions of 24 October 2014. 
2 The Paris Protocol – A blueprint for tackling global climate change beyond 2020, COM(2015) 81 final. 

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The implementation of the commitments under the Paris Agreement requires maintaining the 
momentum  and  strong  political  determination  to  secure  the  transition  to  a  climate  resilient, 
climate  neutral  future,  in  a  socially  just  manner.  Climate  change  should  remain  on  the 
political  agendas  of  relevant  international  fora,  including  the  G20  and  G7  meetings.  In  this 
respect, the EU will continue its international leadership and its climate diplomacy3. 

2. 

The Paris Agreement – A Global Deal 

2.1. Key features of the Paris Agreement 

The  Paris  Agreement  sets  out  a  global  action  plan  to  put  the  world  on  track  to  avoid 
dangerous  climate  change  acknowledging  that  this  will  require  a  global  peaking  of 
greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and achieving climate neutrality in the second 
half of this century. The Agreement has the following key features:  

 

 

 

It sets out a long term goal to put the world on track to limit global warming to well 
below  2°C  above  pre-industrial  levels  –  and  pursue  efforts  to  limit  the  temperature 
increase to 1.5°C; The aspirational goal of 1.5°C was agreed to drive greater ambition, 
and  to  highlight  the  concerns  of  the  most  vulnerable  countries  that  are  already 
experiencing the impacts of climate change. 
It  sends  a  clear  signal  to  all  stakeholders,  investors,  businesses,  civil  society  and 
policy-makers  that  the  global  transition  to  clean  energy  is  here  to  stay  and  that 
resources  have  to  shift  away  from  fossil  fuels;  With  189  national  climate  plans 
covering some 98% of all emissions, tackling climate change is now become a truly 
global effort. With Paris, we are moving from action by a few to action by all.   
It  provides  a  dynamic  mechanism  to  take  stock  and  strengthen  ambition  over  time. 
Starting from 2023, Parties will come together every five years in a "global stocktake" 
to  consider  progress  in  emissions  reductions,  adaptation  and  support  provided  and 
received in view of the long-term goals of the Agreement. 

  Parties have a legally binding obligation to pursue domestic mitigation measures, with 

 

 

the aim of achieving the objectives of their contributions. 
It  sets  up  an  enhanced  transparency  and  accountability  framework,  including  the 
biennial submission by all Parties of greenhouse gas inventories and the information 
necessary to track their progress, a technical expert review, a facilitative, multilateral 
consideration of Parties' progress and mechanism to facilitate implementation of and 
promote compliance. 
It  provides  an  ambitious  solidarity  package  with  adequate  provisions  on  climate 
finance and on addressing needs linked to adaptation and loss and damage associated 
with adverse effects of climate change. To promote individual and collective action on 
adaptation,  the  Paris  Agreement  establishes  for  the  first  time  a  global  goal  with  the 
aim  to  enhance  capacity,  climate  resilience  and  reduce  climate  vulnerability. 

3 European climate diplomacy after COP21 – Council conclusions of 15 February 2016. 

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Internationally,  it  encourages  greater  cooperation  among  Parties  to  share  scientific 
knowledge on adaptation as well as information on practices and policies.  

2.2. Ratification and entry into force of the Paris Agreement 

Reaching the Paris Agreement has been a major achievement. The EU will remain proactive 
in the international climate negotiations to ensure that the ambition set by the Agreement is 
translated  in  all  its  implementing  elements,  such  as  detailed  provisions  on  transparency  and 
accountability, sustainable development mechanisms and technology mechanisms.  

The  immediate  next  step  is  the  signature  of  the  Paris  Agreement.  It  will  be  opened  for 
signature  on  the  22  April  2016  in  New  York,  and  enter  into  force  when  at  least  55  Parties 
representing at least 55%  of global emissions have  ratified. Early ratification  and entry  into 
force is desirable as it would provide all countries with the legal certainty that the Agreement 
begins  operating  quickly.  The  EU  should  be  in  a  position  to  ratify  the  Paris  Agreement  as 
soon as possible. 

2.3. Medium-term milestones under the Paris Agreement 

There  are  a  number  of  medium-term  milestones  foreseen  in  the  Paris  Agreement.  A  clear 
understanding of the specific policy implications of a 1.5°C goal needs to be developed. The 
5th  Assessment  Report  of  the  Intergovernmental  Panel  on  Climate  Change  (IPCC)  was 
inconclusive  on  this  aspect  due  to  sparse  scientific  analysis.  To  address  this,  the  IPCC  has 
been requested to prepare a special report in 2018. The EU will provide input to the scientific 
work which will be carried out internationally for that purpose. The EU should participate in 
the first "facilitative dialogue", which will take place in 2018 to take stock of the collective 
ambition and progress in implementing commitments. In this respect, the EU will take part in 
the  first  global  stocktake  in  2023,  which  is  relevant  for  considering  progressively  more 
ambitious action by all Parties for the period beyond 2030. In this sense, the EU, alongside the 
other  parties,  is  invited  to  communicate,  by  2020,  their  mid-century,  long-term  low 
greenhouse  gas  emission  development  strategies.  To  facilitate  the  preparation  of  these 
strategies,  the  Commission  will  prepare  an  in-depth  analysis  of  the  economic  and  social 
transformations in order to feed the political debate in the European Parliament, Council and 
with stakeholders. 

3. 

How the EU will implement the Paris Agreement  

The  transition  to  a  low  carbon,  resource-efficient  economy  demands  a  fundamental  shift  in 
technology,  energy,  economics,  finance  and  ultimately  society  as  a  whole.  The  Paris 
Agreement  is  an  opportunity  for  economic  transformation,  jobs  and  growth.  It  is  a  central 
element in  achieving broader sustainable development goals, as  well as the EU priorities of 
investment,  competitiveness,  circular  economy,  research,  innovation  and  energy  transition. 
Implementation of the Paris Agreement offers business opportunities for the EU to maintain 
and exploit its first mover advantage when fostering renewable energy, energy efficiency and 
competing on the development of other low carbon technology market globally. To reap those 
benefits, the EU will need to continue to lead by example and by action on regulatory policies 

4 

 
 
to reduce emissions but also on enabling factors that accelerate public and private investment 
in  innovation  and  modernisation  in  all  key  sectors,  while  ensuring  other  major  economies 
press ahead with commitments. The transition to a low carbon economy needs to be properly 
managed, taking into account the differences in the energy mix and economic structure across 
the  EU.  That  means  also  the  need  to  anticipate  and  mitigate  the  societal  impact  of  the 
transition in specific regions and socio-economic sectors.  

3.1. Fostering the enabling environment for low carbon transition 

Energy Union Transition 

EU's commitment to a clean energy transition is irreversible and non-negotiable. The Energy 
Union  priority  aims  at  "moving  away  from  an  economy  driven  by  fossil  fuels,  an  economy 
where  energy  is  based  on  a  centralised,  supply-side  approach  and  which  relies  on  old 
technologies  and  outdated  business  models,  to  empower  consumers  and  (…)  to  move  away 
from a fragmented system characterised by uncoordinated national policies, market barriers 
and  energy-isolated  areas"4.  The  Energy  Union  Project,  with  all  its  dimensions,  provides  a 
broader framework within which the EU can provide the right enabling environment for the 
energy transition. According to the International Energy Agency, the full implementation of 
the climate plans will lead to investments of USD 13.5 trillion in energy efficiency and low-
carbon  technologies  from  2015  to  2030,  an  annual  average  of  USD  840  billion.  The  main 
impact of these climate plans is not only to scale up investment, but also to rebalance it across 
fuels and sectors, and across supply and demand. Among others, investments in renewables 
will be almost three times the investments into fossil-fuel power plants, while investment in 
energy  efficiency  (led  by  transport  and  the  buildings  sectors)  is  expected  to  equal  in  scale 
investments in other parts of the energy system. 

Innovation and competitiveness 

The  Paris  Agreement  gives  a  clear  and  ambitious  direction  of  travel  for  low  carbon 
innovation.  At  the  margins  of  the  Paris  conference,  20  of  the  world  leading  economies 
launched "Mission Innovation" to reinvigorate public and private clean energy innovation, to 
develop and deploy breakthrough technologies and achieve cost reductions. The EU wishes to 
join  this  initiative  given  that  the  EU  budget  for  low  carbon  related  research  under  Horizon 
2020  has  already  effectively  been  doubled  for  the  period  2014-2020,  and  the  EU  has 
committed to invest at least 35% of Horizon 2020 into climate-related activities. Furthermore, 
the  future  research,  innovation  and  competitiveness  strategy  for  the  Energy  Union  will  tap 
into  the  synergies  between  energy,  transport,  circular  economy,  industrial  and  digital 
innovation.  This  should  lead  to  greater  competitiveness  of  present  and future  European  low 
carbon and energy efficiency technologies. 

4 "A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy – 
COM(2015)80 of 25 February 2015.  

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Investment and capital markets 

Shifting  and  rapidly  scaling  up  private  investment  is  essential  to  support  the  transition  to  a 
low emission and climate resilient economy, and for avoiding the "lock-in" of high emissions 
infrastructure  and  assets.  EU  funds  will  play  an  important  role  for  mobilising  the  markets5.  
Investment support in the context of the Investment Plan for Europe, focussing on actions to 
remove barriers to investment in the European Union, as well as possible funding provided by 
the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI) should promote emissions reduction and 
energy efficiency investments in the Single Market. The Investment Plan for Europe already 
has  a  promising  track  record  in  this  area6  and  its  full  potential  needs  to  be  explored.  The 
Commission has recently launched the European Investment Project Portal (EIPP) which will 
be fully operational shortly. Its purpose is to attract investors to viable and sound investment 
projects in Europe. Energy stakeholders are encouraged to send their projects to the EIPP in 
order to provide a comprehensive overview of projects for potential investors. As a matter of 
priority,  the  Commission  will  speed  up  technical  assistance  for  stakeholders  to  establish,  in 
2016, schemes to aggregate smaller energy efficiency projects, hence building a critical mass. 
These  schemes  should  provide  investors  with  better  investment  opportunities  in  energy 
efficiency and make capital better accessible for national, regional or local energy efficiency 
platforms  and  programmes.  They  will 
technical  and  project 
development assistance in the context of the European Investment Advisory Hub (EIAH) set 
up  by  the  Commission  and  the  European  Investment  Bank  to  help  public  promoters  to 
structure their projects and to promote financing schemes with standard terms and conditions, 
notably in the area of buildings.7  

include  strengthening 

Financial institutions are key partners in this transition process. Well-functioning cross-border 
capital  flows  and  integrated  and  sustainable  capital  markets  are  also  important  for  this 
transition  to  happen.  The  measures  already  taken  or  under  preparation  in  the  context  of  the 
establishment  of  a  Capital  Markets  Union8  are  essential  in  this  context.  To  ensure  such  a 
transition  -  within  the  Single  Market  and  beyond-  the  European  Central  Bank  as  well  as 
national  central  banks,  the  European  Investment  Bank  and  the  European  Bank  for 
Reconstruction  and  Development,  the  Green  Climate  Fund,  and  other  international  finance 
institutions like the World Bank but also national development banks can play a helpful role. 
In response to a request by the G20 in April 2015 to review how the financial sector can take 
account of climate-related issues, the Financial Stability Board (FSB) established a task force 
on  climate-related  financial  disclosures,  whose  aim  is  to  help  market  participants  better 
understand climate-related risks and better manage those risks. The G20 has recently set up a 

5 EUR 114 billion have been programmed from the reformed European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) 
for  climate-related  actions  over  the  2014-2020  period.  The  programming  has  been  carried  out  in  a  wider 
partnership with the relevant stakeholders. The resulting amount is 25% of ESIF showing strong commitment to 
climate-actions  and  exceeding  the  targeted  20%  for  the  overall  EU  budget.  The  support  goes  beyond  funding 
opportunities as it includes strong regional cooperation, capacity building and technical assistance components. 
6 Overview of Investment Plan projects in low carbon and energy efficiency: 
http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/sites/beta-political/files/sector-factsheet-energy_en.pdf 
7 State of the Energy Union 2015. 
8 Action Plan on Building a Capital Markets Union, COM(2015) 468 final. 

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study group to analyse green finance related issues (GFSG). At European level, the European 
Systemic Risk  Board has  published a report on the transition to  a low-carbon economy and 
the potential risks for the financial sector9. 

Carbon pricing and fossil fuel subsidies 

Carbon pricing is an essential element to foster a global level playing field for the transition – 
these can take form of emission trading, as in the case of the EU, taxation, or other economic 
and/or fiscal instruments. The EU should increase its efforts in sharing its own experiences in 
this area with all countries that need to start putting a price on carbon. This will continue to 
include countries like China and South Korea that are setting up emissions trading systems, as 
well  as  a  broader  range  of  countries,  including  all  major  economies  that  are  deploying 
renewable  energy  technologies  and  improving  their  energy  efficiency  policies.  While  the 
Paris  Agreement  is  a  game  changer  in  the  sense  of  being  global,  the  nationally  determined 
level of effort by countries differs, with a risk of competitive disadvantage for industries if an 
uneven playing field will remain. The strategic decision by the European Council to preserve 
the  free  allocation  regime  beyond  2020  and  the  proposed  carbon  leakage  provisions  for  the 
EU emission trading system strike the right balance at this point of time, but should be kept 
under review in the coming decade. 

The outlook of carbon and energy pricing is further complicated by the current low oil price 
situation. This can provide a good opportunity not only to introduce carbon pricing but also to 
remove fossil fuel subsidies, which, according to the International Energy Agency, amounted 
worldwide to USD 548 billion in 2013. Such subsidies are the biggest obstacle to innovation 
in  clean technologies,  as  is  recognised in  the G20 and G7  calls for the elimination of  fossil 
fuel  subsidies.  The  forthcoming  EU  energy  prices  and  cost  report  will  look  at  the  latest 
situation in this respect.   

The role of cities, civil society and social partners 

Catalysing multi-stakeholder action from civil society – citizens, consumers, social partners, 
SMEs, innovative start-ups and globally competitive industries is another prerequisite for the 
transition.  The  Paris  conference  and  the  Lima-Paris  Action  Agenda,  an  initiative  of  the 
Peruvian and French COP Presidencies aimed at, bringing together an unprecedented number 
of  non-State  actors  together  on  a  global  stage  to  accelerate  cooperative  climate  action  in 
support  of  the  new  agreement.  The  EU  is  uniquely  placed  to  mainstream  the  low  carbon 
transition through all sectors and levels of governance.  

Smart cities and urban communities are the place where a big part of the future transformation 
will  actually  happen.  Work  at  city  level  and  urban  policies  will  therefore  be  intensified  in 
2016,  including  on  supporting  actions  developed  by  the  integrated  and  global  Covenant  of 
Mayors and the setting up of a "one stop shop" for local authorities. This should allow local 
authorities  to  better  contribute  to  the  EU's  low  carbon  transition  and  will  provide  European 

9 https://www.esrb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/asc/Reports_ASC_6_1602.pdf 

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companies  with  worldwide  opportunities  to  use  their  competitive  edge  in  innovative 
technologies for smart cities. 

Climate Diplomacy and Global Action 

Climate action is a major strategic foreign policy challenge with implications for EU external 
policy  making  in,  for  example,  development  aid  and  cooperation,  neighbourhood  and 
enlargement policies, international scientific and technological co-operation, trade, economic 
diplomacy and security. Maintaining the positive momentum from Paris will require sustained 
political and diplomatic mobilisation at global level.  

As agreed by the Council10, in 2016 climate diplomacy will need to focus on i) maintaining 
climate  change  advocacy  as  a  strategic  priority,  ii)  supporting  implementation  of  the  Paris 
Agreement  and  the climate  plans, and  iii)  increasing  efforts  to  address  the  nexus  of  climate 
change, natural resources, including water, prosperity, stability and migration. 

In  terms  of  climate  finance,  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  are  committed  to  scaling  up  the 
mobilisation  of  climate  finance  in  the  context  of  meaningful  mitigation  actions  and 
transparency of implementation, in order to contribute their share of the developed countries' 
goal  to  jointly  mobilise  USD  100  billion  per  year  by  2020  from  a  wide  variety  of  sources, 
public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance. Current 
trajectories for EU development assistance will substantially contribute to reaching the EU's 
share  of  the  USD  100  billion  goal.  In  the  context  of  the  Multiannual  Financial  Framework 
2014-2020  the  EU  has  undertaken  to  ensure  that  20%  of  its  overall  budget  is  directed  to 
climate-relevant projects and policies. In the context of external expenditure, this more than 
doubles the amount of climate finance for developing countries and could represent as much 
as EUR 14 billion in climate spending. An increasing share of these resources will be invested 
in adaptation and facilitating innovation and in capacity building.  

In order to assist developing countries in delivering on their climate plans as of 2020, support 
programmes  (such  as  the  Global  Climate  Change  Alliance+)  will  be  strengthened.  In  this 
context the synergies between climate action, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the 2030 
Agenda with its Sustainable Development Goals need to be exploited fully. This also includes 
EU participation in the Africa Renewable Energy Initiative. In the framework of enlargement 
and neighbourhood policies, the EU will continue its political dialogue and support to partner 
countries. Particular emphasis would be placed on capacity building. 

Ongoing  bilateral  and  multilateral  negotiations  on  liberalising  trade  in  green  goods  and 
services should be accelerated to facilitate the global action to mitigate climate change and to 
create  business  opportunities  for  European  companies.  The  EU  should  also  continue  its 
leadership  in  promoting  ambitious  outcomes  in  the  context  of  the  negotiations  in  the 
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organisation 
(IMO)  to  address  greenhouse  gas  emissions,  as  well  as  under  the  Montreal  Protocol 
negotiations. 

10 Council conclusions on European climate diplomacy after COP 21. 

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3.2. The 2030 energy and climate regulatory framework 

After the Paris climate conference, all countries need to turn their commitments into concrete 
policy actions. In October 2014 the European Council set the 2030 climate and energy policy 
framework  for  the  EU  setting  an  ambitious  economy-wide  domestic  target  of  at  least  40% 
greenhouse  gas  emission  reduction  for  2030,  as  well  as  renewable  energy  and  energy 
efficiency  targets  of  at  least  27%11.  The  Paris  Agreement  vindicates  the  EU's  approach. 
Implementing the 2030 energy and climate framework as agreed by the European Council is a 
priority in follow up to the Paris Agreement.   

The Commission has already initiated this process by putting forward a proposal to revise the 
Emissions Trading System (ETS), covering 45% of the EU's greenhouse gas emissions. The 
Commission will present during the next 12 months the key remaining legislative proposals to 
implement  the  agreed  2030  regulatory  framework  domestically  in  a  fair  and  cost-efficient 
manner,  providing  maximum  flexibility  for  Member  States  and  striking  the  right  balance 
between  national  and  EU  level  action.  As  the  next  step,  the  Commission  is  working  on  the 
preparation of proposals for an Effort-Sharing Decision and on land use, land use change and 
forestry  (LULUCF).  The  Commission  will  also  propose  legislation  to  set  up  a  reliable  and 
transparent governance mechanism and to streamline the planning and reporting requirements 
related to climate and energy for the post-2020 period. 

Moreover,  the  Commission  will  present  the  necessary  policy  proposals  to  adapt  the  EU's 
regulatory framework in order to put energy efficiency first and to foster EU's role as a world 
leader  in  the  field  of  renewable  energy  in  line  with  the  European  Council  conclusion  of 
October 2014. This includes a new energy market design to place consumers at the centre of 
the energy system, enabling demand response and enhancing flexibility. In addition, this year 
the Commission has already launched the Energy Security Package to address without delay 
the new challenges to the security of supply posed by the developments in the international 
energy context.  

4. 

Conclusion 

On the road to Paris and in Paris the EU has been at the heart of the High Ambition Coalition 
of developed and developing countries. To effectively secure the transition to the low carbon 
economy, the EU needs to keep up this ambition, internally and internationally: 

  The Paris Agreement should be signed and ratified as soon as possible. The proposal 

to sign the Agreement is attached to this communication. 

  The  EU  needs  to  consolidate  the  enabling  environment  for  the  transition  to  a  low 
carbon  economy  through  a  wide  range  of  interacting  policies,  strategic  frameworks 
and  instruments  reflected  under  the  10  priorities  of  the  Juncker  Commission  –  in 
particular  the  Resilient  Energy  Union  with  a  Forward-Looking  Climate  Change 
Project. 

11 The energy efficiency target will be reviewed by 2020, having in mind an EU level of 30%. 

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  The EU's 2030 energy and climate change regulatory framework needs to be swiftly 
completed  in  line  with  the  European  Council  conclusions  of  October  2014.  The 
forthcoming  legislative  proposals  should  be  fast-tracked  by  the  Parliament  and  the 
Council.  

  All Parties will need to be ready to fully participate in the review processes under the 
Paris  Agreement  designed  to  ensure  the  achievement  of  the  goal  of  keeping  climate 
change well below 2°C and pursuing efforts towards 1.5°C.  

10