Eurostatistics. Data for short-term economic analysis. Issue number 10/2015.
Date: 2015-10-13
Institutions: Eurostat
Subjects: EU statistics, economic analysis, economic situation, economic statistics, short-term economic prospects

ISSN 1831-3221

S t a t i s t i c a l   b o o k s

Eurostatistics  
Data for short-term economic analysis

Issue number 10/2015

2015 edition

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Theme: General and regional statistics
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© European Union, 2015
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Table of contents

Section 1 Summary analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Editorial .......................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 5

Latest macroeconomic developments .......................................................................................................................... 6

Growth forecasts for the euro area ................................................................................................................................. 7

Cyclical indicators for the euro area ............................................................................................................................... 9

Latest cyclical estimates for the euro area and the EU  .........................................................................................12

Methodological notes ................... ...................................................................................................................................15

Section 2 Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs) .........................................................................17

Detailed PEEIs analysis for European Union (EU28) ................................................................................................18

Detailed PEEIs analysis for euro area  ...........................................................................................................................20

Detailed PEEIs by countries .............................................................................................................................................22

Cross-country comparisons .............................................................................................................................................86

Symbols and codes in the tables ...................................................................................................................................88

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

3

Section I

Summary analysis

International context: Growth sound in the US in Q2 2015 and uncertainties in the 
BRICS 

Editorial 

Summary analysis

1

The third estimate revised up to 1.0% the GDP growth rate of the US in Q2 2015, coming 
after 0.2% in Q1. Nevertheless, the US annual GDP growth rate declined to 2.7% in Q2 2015 
coming from 2.9% in Q1 2015, mostly due to a decline in the annual growth rates of exports 
(1.5% in Q2 compared to 2.6% in Q1) and of gross private domestic investment (5.7% in Q2 
compared to 7.6% in Q1). The declining trend of unemployment continued in the US with a 
rate of 5.4% in Q2 2015 after 5.6% in Q1.

Regarding the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), the economy 
accelerated  in  China  with  a  GDP  growth  rate  of  1.7%  in  Q2  2015,  after  1.4%  in  Q1.  The 
Chinese annual GDP growth rate remained unchanged from Q1 2015 at 7.0% in Q2 2015. 
The Chinese economy has been affected by a drop in exports tied to to a slow-down of its 
industrial sector, and by slump of its stock market in recent months. The economy slowed in 
India with a GDP growth rate of 1.6% in Q2 2015 after 2% in Q1. The deceleration in Q2 2015 
was mostly due to a drop in household consumption and in net exports. India’s annual GDP 
growth rate declined to 7.2% in Q2, from 7.5% in Q1 2015. The economy contracted in South 
Africa with a GDP growth rate of -0.3% in Q2 2015, after 0.3% in Q1. The main contributions 
to this drop came from manufacturing, mining and quarrying and agriculture, forestry and 
fishing. The annual GDP growth rate declined but remained sound at 1.6% in Q2, from 2% 
in Q1 2015. With a second quarter in a row of negative GDP growth of -1.9% in Q2 following 
-0.7% in Q1 2015, the Brazilian economy remains in a difficult situation. In Q2 2015, private 
final consumption contracted by 2.1% and gross fixed capital formation by 8.1%. The annual 
GDP growth rate declined to -2.4% in Q2, from -1.7% in Q1 2015. Russia has not yet released 
its GDP growth rate for Q2 2015. But in Q1 2015, the economy contracted, showing a GDP 
growth rate of -1.3%. The annual GDP growth rate was -1.9% in Q1 2015. 

European Union and euro area: Growth slowed down in Q2 2015 in the euro area 
and in the EU

According to the second estimate, the GDP growth rate of both the euro area and the EU was 
0.4% in Q2 2015, slightly declining from 0.5% in Q1. Q2 2015 is the 9th quarter of expansion 
in a row for the EU and the euro area. The annual GDP growth rate improved to 1.5% in Q2 
2015 from 1.2% in Q1 for the euro area and to 1.9% in Q2 2015 from 1.7% in Q1 for the EU. 

The  flash  estimate  of  the  annual  inflation  rate  in  September  2015  for  the  euro  area  was 
-0.1%, down from 0.1 % in August 2015. In September 2015, the annual inflation rate for 
energy was -8.9% in the euro area (negative since July 2014) while the annual rates of the 
services and the “food, alcohol and tobacco” were respectively 1.3% and 1.4%.

Situation  in  the  Member  states:  More  growth  deceleration  among  the  Member 
states in Q2 2015

In Q2 2015, GDP decelerated in 12 Member States, and significantly in the Czech Republic 
(1.1% in Q2 2015 following 2.5% in Q1), France (0.0% in Q2 2015 coming after 0.7% in Q1), 
Cyprus (0.5% in Q2 2015 coming after 1.2% in Q1) and Romania (0.1% in Q2 2015 following 
1.4% in Q1).

9 Member states showed an opposite trend with growth accelerating in Q2 2015. Estonia 
and Lithuania returned to expansion in Q2 2015 with GDP growth rates of 0.7% and 8.3% 
following contractions of respectively 0.6% and 9.3% in Q1. Gross fixed capital formation 
increased by 29.6% in Q2 2015 in Lithuania. GDP growth also accelerated in Latvia, Sweden 
and the UK with growth rates of respectively 1.2%, 1.1% and 0.7% in Q2 2015 following 
0.4%, 0.6% and 0.4% in Q1. 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

5

1

Summary analysis

Latest 
macroeconomic 
developments
Evolution of GDP

Industrial 
production

Construction 
production

Retail trade

The economy of the euro area continues to recover at a moderate pace

Seasonally and working day adjusted GDP rose by 0.4% in both the euro area (EA19) and 
the EU28 during the second quarter of 2015, compared with the previous quarter, according 
to a second estimate published by Eurostat. In the first quarter of 2015, GDP grew by 0.5% 
in both areas. Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, non seasonally adjusted 
GDP rose by 1.6% in the euro area and by 1.9% in the EU28 in the second quarter of 2015, 
after 1.3% and 1.8% respectively in the previous quarter.

In  July  2015  compared  with  June  2015,  seasonally  and  working  day  adjusted  industrial 
production  rose  by  0.6%  in  the  euro  area  (EA19)  and  by  0.3%  in  the  EU28,  according  to 
estimates  from  Eurostat.  In  June  2015  industrial  production  decreased  by  0.3%  and  0.1% 
respectively. In July 2015 compared with July 2014, industrial production increased by 1.9% 
in the euro area and by 1.8% in the EU28.

In July 2015 compared with June 2015, seasonally and working day adjusted production in the 
construction sector rose by 1.0% in the euro area (EA19) and by 0.7% in the EU28, according 
to first estimates from Eurostat. In June 2015, production in construction dropped by 1.2% 
and  0.5%  respectively.  In  July  2015  compared  with  July  2014,  production  in  construction 
grew by 1.8% in the euro area and by 2.3% in the EU28.

In August 2015 compared with July 2015, the seasonally and working day adjusted volume 
of  retail  trade  remained  stable  in  both  the  euro  area  (EA19)  and  the  EU28,  according  to 
estimates from Eurostat. In July retail trade rose by 0.6% and 0.4% respectively. In August 
2015 compared with August 2014 the retail sales index increased by 2.3% in the euro area 
and by 2.6% in the EU28.

Inflation

Euro area annual inflation is expected to be -0.1% in September 2015, down from 0.1% in 
August 2015 and from 0.2% in July, according to a flash estimate from Eurostat. In August 
2014 the rate was 0.4%. European Union annual inflation rate was 0.0% in August 2015, down 
from 0.2% in July. A year earlier the rate was 0.5%. 

Unemployment

Interest rates

Exchange rates

The  euro  area  (EA19)  seasonally-adjusted  unemployment  rate  was  11.0%  in  August  2015, 
stable compared to July 2015, and down from 11.5% in August 2014. The EU28 unemployment 
rate was 9.5% in August 2015, also stable compared to July 2015, and down from 10.1% in 
August 2014. Eurostat estimates that 23.022 million men and women in the EU28, of whom 
17.603 million were in the euro area, were unemployed in August 2015. Compared with July 
2015, the number of persons unemployed decreased by 33 000 in the EU28 and by 1 000 in 
the euro area. Compared with August 2014, unemployment fell by 1.490 million in the EU28 
and by 892 000 in the euro area.

On  September  3,  2015, The  Governing  Council  of  the  European  Central  Bank  decided  to 
keep unchanged the interest rate on the main refinancing operations at 0.05%. ECB continues 
smoothly  its  asset  purchase  programme.  The  US  Federal  Reserve  and  the  Bank  of  Japan 
decided to keep unchanged their key official rates at 0.25% and 0.1%, respectively. The UK’s 
official bank rate has been unchanged at 0.5% since March 2009. The euro area’s 3-month 
rate, Euribor, decreased to -0.04% in September, after -0.03% in August and -0.02% in July 
2015. Long-term interest rates (monthly average weighted 10-year government bond yield) 
of the euro area increased to 1.40% in September 2015, up from 1.33% in August. The EU28 
long-term interest rates decreased from 3.03% in December 2013 to 1.26% in January 2015 
after 1.50% in December 2014. 

The euro / US dollar exchange rate (monthly average) increased to USD 1.1221 in September 
2015  from  1.1139  in  August  and  1.0996  in  July.  The  euro  decreased  against  the  Japanese 
yen  in  September  2015  with  an  exchange  rate  of  134.85  from  137.12  in  August.  The  euro 
continues to appreciate against the Swiss Franc with euro/SF 1.0913 in September 2015 from 
1.0777 in August. The euro increased against the British Pound with euro/GBP 0.73129 in 
September from 0.71423 in August. 

6

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

Summary analysis

1

Growth forecasts 
for the euro area

Very modest economic 
momentum in the euro 
area

The  Eurogrowth  Indicator  has  not  been  revised  for  the  third  quarter  2015  with  a  GDP 
growth at 0.6%. It is expected to decelerate to 0.5% in the fourth quarter. On a year-to-year 
basis, the growth rate is expected to accelerate to 1.7% and 1.8% respectively, up from the 
1.2% of the second quarter published by Eurostat. It would be the highest rate of growth in 
four and a half year.

The main factor behind this acceleration in the third quarter is the strong devaluation of the 
euro.  The  contribution  from  the  household  and  industry  sectors  is  slightly  less  important 
than in the first quarter. In the fourth quarter, the contribution from the construction sector 
is expected to boost significantly the growth while the contribution of the exchange rate will 
be less pronounced than it was in the third quarter.    

The indicator points to a further acceleration of the euro area economy in the near future. 
However,  as  warned  by  the  recent  deterioration  of  the  economic  sentiment,  the  risk  of  a 
slowdown is not excluded. Recent movement in emerging economies, especially in China, 
combined  to  a  strong  euro  could  lead  to  deterioration  of  the  export  growth  and  affect 
investment. The increased volatility in the stock markets combined to reduced prices indicate 
that risks for outlook have also risen. However, the renewed decline of oil price has positively 
benefited to consumers. Due to stronger deflationary forces and to uncertainty perspectives, 
a normalization of monetary policy may be further away than previously expected, and the 
ECB may continue to stimulate the economy, which would support the continuation of the 
economic recovery. 

The  €-coin  indicator  fell  slightly  to  0.39  in  September,  from  0.43  in  August.  It  is  its  first 
decrease  since  November  2014.  The  decline  in  the  indicator  was  due  mainly  to  tensions 
on the financial markets and to the slackening of foreign trade. Industrial activity made a 
positive contribution.

For a description of the sources and methods on the indicators of growth and turning points, 
see the Methodological notes at the end of this section.

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

7

1

Summary analysis

Comparison of GDP growth forecasts for the euro area

Percentage change

Over previous quarter (q/q-1)

Over previous year (q/q-4)

2015Q1

2015Q2

2015Q3

2015Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

2015Q3

2015Q4

EUROSTAT release

EUROFRAME

EuroCOIN

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.4

:

0.6

0.4

:

0.5

:

1.2

1.4

1.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

:

1.9

1.7

:

2.0

:

(*) The Euroframe data differs slighty from the original publication because it has been computed with the new ESA 2010  series, unlike the original data which considered 

ESA 1995 series.

Quarter-over-quarter GDP growth indicators (q/q-1)

Year-over-year GDP growth indicators (q/q-4)

% change over 
previous quarter

% change over 
previous year

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

2014Q1 2014Q2 2014Q3 2014Q4 2015Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4

GDP release

Euroframe

EuroCoin

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

2014Q1

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

2015Q3

2015Q4

GDP release

Euroframe

EuroCoin

8

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

Summary analysis

1

Cyclical indicators 
for the euro area

Business Climate 
Indicator increased in 
September

The  Business  Climate  Indicator  (BCI)  for  the  euro  area  increased  by  0.14  points  in 
September  to  0.34.  Managers’  production  expectations  brightened,  as  well  as,  to  a  lesser 
extent, their views on past production and total order books. The current stock of finished 
products,  by  contrast,  was  assessed  more  negatively,  while  the  appraisal  of  export  order 
books remained broadly unchanged.

The Composite leading indicators (CLIs) show signs of a moderating growth outlook in 
most  major  economies.  The  CLI  for  the  OECD  area  as  a  whole  points  to  growth  easing, 
with  a  loss  of  growth  momentum  anticipated  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  United 
States,  albeit  from  relatively  high  levels,  and  signs  of  a  more  moderate  easing  of  growth 
in Canada and Japan. In Germany and the Euro area as a whole, stable growth momentum 
is anticipated while in France and Italy the outlook is for firming growth. Among the major 
emerging economies, CLIs continue to point to a loss of growth momentum in China, and 
weak growth momentum in Brazil and Russia. Firming growth is expected in India.

The  IFO  Index  for  the  economic  climate  in  the  euro  area  edged  downwards  in  the 
third  quarter  of  2015  and  dropped  to  124.0  points  from  129.2  points  last  quarter.  While 
assessments of the current economic situation brightened slightly, the six-month economic 
outlook clouded over markedly. The economic recovery in the euro area economy will lose 
momentum. 

Assessments of the current economic situation improved everywhere with the exception of 
Germany, Finland and Lithuania. It nevertheless remains favourable in Germany. In Greece 
and Finland, as well as in France, Italy, Spain, Austria, Portugal and Cyprus assessments 
of the current economic situation remained negative on balance. According to experts it 
remains satisfactory in most other euro countries. 

The six-month economic outlook in most countries was less positive than three months ago. 
In  the  Eastern  European  members  states  of  Estonia,  Slovenia  and  Slovakia  in  particular, 
optimistic  expectations  about  future  economic  developments  were  strongly  downwardly 
revised. Economic expectations only improved slightly in Finland, Lithuania, Austria and 
Cyprus.

The forecast of the average inflation rate for 2015 increased to 0.8 percent from 0.6 percent 
in the euro area. Mid-term (2020) inflation expectations for most euro countries remain at 
2 percent.

The DZ BANK Euro-Indicator decreased slightly in September at 98.3 points from 98.4 in 
August. 

Since the beginning of the summer, the indicator has stabilized at a level of just over 98 
points, after having risen quite sharply between December 2014 and May 2015. On year-to-
year basis, the increase reaches 2.0%. An acceleration of the so far very modest economic 
momentum in the euro area is not in sight for the coming months. 

The IARC turning point indicator acted a trough in the growth cycle in May. In September, 
the indicator rose sharply to 82.5 after 71.2 in August, announcing the eminence of a peak. 

The start-end recession indicator (IESR) remains stable near 0, at 2.3%, confirming there 
is no sign of recession in the euro area. The current level of the indicator follows the trend 
embarked on at the end of 2013, after an exit of recession of the euro area mid-2013.

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

9

1

Summary analysis

Comparison of indicators of turning points in the business cycle for the euro area

2015M5

2015M6

2015M7

2015M8

2015M9

OECD-CLI

DZ-Euroland indicator

Index

Index

DG ECFIN Business Climate Indicator Points of std-dev.

100.6

98.2

0.28

100.6

98.2

0.14

100.6

98.3

0.41

100.7

98.4

0.2

:

98.3

0.34

IFO

102.3

112.7

129.2

124.0

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

2015Q3

DZ-Euroland and IFO Business climate Indicators

DG-ECFIN Business climate Indicator

% change over 
previous year

Index 2000=100

In %

6

4

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

DZ-Euroland-Indicator (left-hand scale)

Y-O-Y GDP growth rate (left-hand scale)

IFO Indicator (right-hand scale)

OECD Leading Indicator

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

10

5

0

-5

-10

-15

-20

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Y-O-Y growth rate of the industrial production index (left-hand scale, excl. construction)

DG-ECFIN business climate indicator (right-hand scale)

In %

2.00

1.00

0.00

-1.00

-2.00

-3.00

-4.00

104

102

100

98

96

T

June
2003

P

Feb
2008

T

June
2009

P

May
2011

T

March
2013

T: trough / P: peak
in the reference series

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Detrended GDP

OECD indicator

10

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

Summary analysis

1

Turning point indicators for the euro area

2015M4

2015M5

2015M6

2015M7

2015M8

2015M9

IARC

IESR

Probability index

Probability index

81.8

0.0

29.0

0.0

34.4

0.0

58.0

0.0

71.2

0.0

82.5

:

IARC indicator

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20
20

10

0

Probability for a peak

Probability for a trough

Probability for a 
Probability for a
peak

3
1
-
v
v
o
N

3
1
-
c
c
e
D

4
1
-
n
n
a
J

4
1
-
b
b
e
F

4
1
-
r
r
a
M

4
1
-
r
r
p
A

4
1
-
y
y
a
M

4
1
-
n
n
u
J

4
1
-
l
l
u
J

4
1
-
g
g
u
A

4
1
-
p
p
e
S

4
1
-
t
t
c
O

4
1
-
v
v
o
N

4
1
-
c
c
e
D

5
1
-
n
n
a
J

5
1
-
b
b
e
F

5
1
-
r
r
a
M

5
1
-
r
r
p
A

5
1
-
y
y
a
M

5
1
-
n
n
u
J

5
1
-
l
l
u
J

5
1
-
g
g
u
A

5
1
-
p
p
e
S

Over 80: strong probability of a turning point in the coming three months

Between 60 and 80: possibility of a turning point in the nine coming months

y

IESR indicator

1.0

0.5

0.0

4
1
-
r
a
M

4
1
-
r
p
A

4
1
-
y
a
M

4
1
-
n
u
J

4
1
-
l
u
J

4
1
-
g
u
A

4
1
-
p
e
S

4
1
-
t
c
O

4
1
-
v
o
N

4
1
-
c
e
D

5
1
-
n
a
J

5
1
-
b
e
F

5
1
-
r
a
M

5
1
-
r
p
A

5
1
-
y
a
M

5
1
-
n
u
J

5
1
-
l
u
J

5
1
-
g
u
A

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

11

1

Summary analysis

Latest cyclical estimates for the euro area and the EU 

GDP cycle

The estimation is based on GDP at market prices, in millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, seasonally 
adjusted and working day adjusted, reference year 2010 (at 2010 exchange rates), ESA 2010.

EA GDP, trend and cycle with HP filter

EU28 GDP, trend and cycle with HP filter

(GDP, Trend)
2500000

2300000

2100000

1900000

1700000

1500000

(Cycle)
120000

(GDP, Trend)
3250000

80000

3000000

40000

2750000

0

2500000

-40000

2250000

-80000

2000000

1
Q
5
9
9
1

1
Q
6
9
9
1

1
Q
7
9
9
1

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
9
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

1
Q
5
9
9
1

1
Q
6
9
9
1

1
Q
7
9
9
1

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
9
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

GDP

Trend 

Cycle

GDP

Trend 

Cycle

EA GDP, trend and cycle with CF filter
(GDP, Trend)
2500000

EU28 GDP, trend and cycle with CF filter
(GDP, Trend)
3250000

(Cycle)
120000

2300000

2100000

1900000

1700000

1500000

80000

3000000

40000

2750000

0

2500000

-40000

2250000

-80000

2000000

1
Q
5
9
9
1

1
Q
6
9
9
1

1
Q
7
9
9
1

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
9
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

1
Q
5
9
9
1

1
Q
6
9
9
1

1
Q
7
9
9
1

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
9
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

GDP

Trend 

Cycle

GDP

Trend 

Cycle

EA GDP, trend and cycle with UC filter
(GDP, Trend)
2500000

EU28 GDP, trend and cycle with UC filter
(GDP, Trend)
3250000

(Cycle)
120000

2300000

2100000

1900000

1700000

1500000

80000

3000000

40000

2750000

0

2500000

-40000

2250000

-80000

2000000

1
Q
5
9
9
1

1
Q
6
9
9
1

1
Q
7
9
9
1

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
9
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

1
Q
5
9
9
1

1
Q
6
9
9
1

1
Q
7
9
9
1

1
Q
8
9
9
1

1
Q
9
9
9
1

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

GDP

Trend 

Cycle

GDP

Trend 

Cycle

12

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

(Cycle)
150000

100000

50000

0

-50000

-100000

(Cycle)
150000

100000

50000

0

-50000

-100000

-150000

(Cycle)
150000

100000

50000

0

-50000

-100000

Summary analysis

1

The estimation is based on monthly industrial production index (excluding construc-
tion), seasonally-adjusted volumes (year 2010=100).

Industrial production cycle

EA IPI,trend and cycle with HP filter

EU28 IPI, trend and cycle with HP filter

(IPI, Trend)

120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

(Cycle)
12

9

6

3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

(IPI, Trend)

120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

(Cycle)
12

9

6

3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

1
M
1
9
9
1

1
M
3
9
9
1

1
M
5
9
9
1

1
M
7
9
9
1

1
M
9
9
9
1

1
M
1
0
0
2

1
M
3
0
0
2

1
M
5
0
0
2

1
M
7
0
0
2

1
M
9
0
0
2

1
M
1
1
0
2

1
M
3
1
0
2

1
M
5
1
0
2

1
M
5
9
9
1

1
M
7
9
9
1

1
M
9
9
9
1

1
M
1
0
0
2

1
M
3
0
0
2

1
M
5
0
0
2

1
M
7
0
0
2

1
M
9
0
0
2

1
M
1
1
0
2

1
M
3
1
0
2

1
M
5
1
0
2

IPI

Trend 

Cycle

IPI

Trend 

Cycle

EA IPI, trend and cycle with CF filter

(IPI, Trend)
120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

EU28 IPI, trend and cycle with CF filter
(IPI, Trend)
120

(Cycle)
12

9

6

3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

(Cycle)
12

9

6

3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

1
M
1
9
9
1

1
M
3
9
9
1

1
M
5
9
9
1

1
M
7
9
9
1

1
M
9
9
9
1

1
M
1
0
0
2

1
M
3
0
0
2

1
M
5
0
0
2

1
M
7
0
0
2

1
M
9
0
0
2

1
M
1
1
0
2

1
M
3
1
0
2

1
M
5
1
0
2

1
M
5
9
9
1

1
M
7
9
9
1

1
M
9
9
9
1

1
M
1
0
0
2

1
M
3
0
0
2

1
M
5
0
0
2

1
M
7
0
0
2

1
M
9
0
0
2

1
M
1
1
0
2

1
M
3
1
0
2

1
M
5
1
0
2

IPI

Trend 

Cycle

IPI

Trend 

Cycle

EA IPI, trend and cycle with UC filter

(IPI, Trend)

120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

(Cycle)
12

9

6

3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

1
M
1
9
9
1

1
M
3
9
9
1

1
M
5
9
9
1

1
M
7
9
9
1

1
M
9
9
9
1

1
M
1
0
0
2

1
M
3
0
0
2

1
M
5
0
0
2

1
M
7
0
0
2

1
M
9
0
0
2

1
M
1
1
0
2

1
M
3
1
0
2

1
M
5
1
0
2

EU28 IPI, trend and cycle with UC filter
(IPI, Trend)

120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

75

(Cycle)
12

9

6

3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

1
M
5
9
9
1

1
M
7
9
9
1

1
M
9
9
9
1

1
M
1
0
0
2

1
M
3
0
0
2

1
M
5
0
0
2

1
M
7
0
0
2

1
M
9
0
0
2

1
M
1
1
0
2

1
M
3
1
0
2

1
M
5
1
0
2

IPI

Trend 

Cycle

IPI

Trend 

Cycle

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

13

1

Summary analysis

Employment cycle

The estimation is based on total employment (domestic concept) series, seasonally-adjusted 
and working day-adjusted (in thousand of persons), ESA2010.

EA Employment, trend and cycle with HP filter

EU28 Employment, trend and cycle with HP filter

(Employment, 
Trend)
155000

150000

145000

140000

135000
135000

130000

125000

(Cycle)

8000

6000

4000

2000

(Employment, 
Trend)
235000

230000

225000

220000

0
0

215000
215000

-2000

210000

-4000

205000

(Cycle)

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0

-2000

-4000

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

Employment

Trend 

Cycle

Employment

Trend 

Cycle

EA Employment, trend and cycle with CF filter

EU28 Employment, trend and cycle with CF filter

(Employment, 
Trend)
155000

150000

145000

140000

135000

130000

125000

(Cycle)

8000

(Employment, 
Trend)
235000

6000

230000

4000

225000

2000

220000

0

215000

-2000

210000

-4000

205000

(Cycle)

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

-2000

-4000

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

Employment

Trend 

Cycle

Employment

Trend 

Cycle

EA Employment, trend and cycle with UC filter

EU28 Employment, trend and cycle with UC filter

(Employment, 
Trend)
155000

150000

145000

140000

135000
135000

130000

125000

(Cycle)

8000

(Employment, 
Trend)
235000

6000

4000

2000

230000

225000

220000

0
0

215000
215000

-2000

210000

-4000

205000

(Cycle)

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0

-2000

-4000

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

1
Q
0
0
0
2

1
Q
1
0
0
2

1
Q
2
0
0
2

1
Q
3
0
0
2

1
Q
4
0
0
2

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

1
Q
9
0
0
2

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

1
Q
2
1
0
2

1
Q
3
1
0
2

1
Q
4
1
0
2

1
Q
5
1
0
2

Employment

Trend 

Cycle

Employment

Trend 

Cycle

For more information about methodology on trend-cycle decomposition, see the Methodological notes at the end of this section.

14

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

Summary analysis

1

The EUROFRAME Euro Growth Indicator: calculated by the OFCE (Paris) in cooperation with 
the EUROFRAME group, which consists of: CPB (Den Haag), DIW (Berlin), ESRI (Dublin), 
ETLA (Helsinki), IFW (Kiel), NIESR (London), PROMETEIA (Bologna), WIFO (Vienna), and 
CASE (Poland). The purpose of this leading indicator is to anticipate the development of the 
GDP in the euro area two quarters ahead of official statistics. The indicator considers surveys 
from  industry,  construction,  and  households,  ISM  survey  of  US  industry,  real  euro/dollar 
exchange rate, and European stock index. The indicator is based on ordinary least squares (OLS) 
estimation of the GDP growth rate, and released on a monthly basis. 

Methodological 
notes

Indicators of growth 
and turning points — 
sources and methods

€-COIN:  a  real-time  monthly  estimate  of  euro  area  GDP  growth,  computed  each  month  by 
the  Banca  d’Italia.  It  is  obtained  by  collecting  a  large  set  of  statistics  and  extracting  from  it 
information  relevant  to  forecast  future  GDP.  It  tracks  GDP  growth  anticipating  official  GDP 
releases by several months, by giving each month an early estimate of euro area growth in terms 
of  quarter-on-quarter  changes  in  GDP.  Moreover,  it  sheds  light  on  the  underlying  trend  by 
removing short-run fluctuations and measurement errors from the growth rate; in this respect 
it is not only a forecast, but also an indicator of the true growth momentum in the euro area. 

The OECD Composite Leading Indicator:  designed to predict cyclical turning points (peaks 
and troughs) in GDP as a proxy of the business growth cycle of the overall economy. It comprises 
a set of component series from a wide range of economic indicators.

IFO: Economic Climate Indicator, designed to give an accurate picture of the economic situation 
and forecasts for economies on a quarterly basis. It consists of qualitative information: appraisals 
and expectations of economic experts. For the euro area the trend of the indicator correlates well 
with the actual business-cycle trend. 

DG  ECFIN:  Business  Climate  Indicator  (monthly),  designed  to  deliver  a  clear  and  early 
assessment of the cyclical situation of the euro area. The indicator uses, as input, five balances of 
opinions from DG ECFIN’s Business and Consumer Surveys. The resulting ‘common factor’ may 
be read as a survey result: the higher the level, the healthier the cyclical situation, and a rise in 
the indicator points to an upswing in activity and an improvement in business climate.

DZ-Euroland-Indicator: calculated by DZ Bank (monthly), aims at predicting recessions and 
has also proved to reflect movements in GDP growth rate. It is built on concepts implemented by 
the US Conference Board for monitoring cyclical indicators. Nine series for euro area or for the 
main countries are selected for their leading properties, and aggregated to give a composite index 
which can be compared with the level of GDP in order to anticipate recessions.

IARC: prepared each month by the French institute ACE - Analyzing Cycles in Economies. It is 
a monthly indicator aimed at forecasting turning points in the growth cycle. Each month, the 
probability that each selected series has crossed a turning point is computed. Probabilities are 
aggregated by a weighting method to give an overall signal of a possible downswing in the next 
nine months (a value of the indicator higher than 60 and lower than 80), or a very probable 
downswing in the three coming months (a value higher than 80).

IESR: prepared each month by the French institute ACE - Analyzing Cycles in Economies. It 
is a coincident indicator able to detect in real time peaks and troughs of the business cycle. It 
is based on the Markov-Switching model applied to various economic time series. The filtered 
probabilities are combined by taking into account the risks of false signals in order to provide a 
recession probability (a value of the indicator higher than 0.5).

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

15

1

Summary analysis

Trend-cycle  
decomposition

The  trend  and  cycle  are  two  components  of  a  time  series  that  represent  variations  of  low 
frequency and “business cycle” frequency, respectively, the high frequency fluctuations having 
been  filtered  out.  Identifying  and  estimating  trend  and  cyclical  components  of  key  economic 
indicators is invaluable when making decisions and informing policy-makers. The distinction 
between the two components helps the analyst ascertain whether any change to the indicator is 
temporary or permanent.

However, there exist many alternative methods to identify and estimate trends and (business 
or  deviation)  cycles.  The  estimates  for  three  indicators  –  GDP,  industrial  production,  and 
employment – are produced using three different filters:

Hodrick-Prescott (HP): a filter widely used in macroeconomics to fit a smooth curve through 
a set of points.

Christiano-Fitzgerald (CF): a well-known approximation to an ideal band pass filter, estimated 
non-parametrically.

Unobserved Components (UC): a parametric approach which involves estimating a statistical 
model and decomposing the series into components, including the trend and cycle

16

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

Section II

Principal European Economic 
Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for European Union (EU28)

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.3

2014Q3
0.4

2014Q4
0.5

2015Q1
0.5

2015Q2
0.4

0.4

-0.1

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.6

1.4

0.4

-0.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.2

2014Q3
1.4

2014Q4
1.4

2015Q1
1.8

2015Q2
1.9

1.3

2.1

1.4

2.1

1.8

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.1

2.6

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account  
(extra EU28)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

4091.9

7646.7

5585.0

3250.1

1730.3

6812.8

9666.7

7404.4

7087.6

6130.3

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

12084.6

26944.7

51584.0

34711.1

23832.6

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % 
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
0.5
-0.5
-1.6

2014M11
-0.2
0.3
-0.3
-1.8

2014M12
-0.1
-0.1
-1.2
-3.2

2015M01
-1.3
-0.5
-1.3
-4.2

2015M02
0.5
-0.3
0.6
-3.4

2015M03
0.9
-0.1
0.3
-2.9

2015M04
0.3
0.0
0.0
-2.7

2015M05
0.2
0.3
0.1
-2.5

2015M06
0.0
0.1
0.0
-2.7

2015M07
-0.5
0.2
-0.3
-2.7

2015M08
0.0
0.0
-0.9
-3.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index 

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
10.0

2014M11
10.0

2014M12
9.9

2015M01
9.8

2015M02
9.7

2015M03
9.7

2015M04
9.6

2015M05
9.6

2015M06
9.6

2015M07
9.5

2015M08
9.5

2015M09
:

21.7

8.8

2014Q2
0.6
2014Q2
0.4

2014M10
0.1
0.9
0.3
0.7
0.7
2.1

21.5

8.8

2014Q3
0.4
2014Q3
0.3

2014M11
0.2
-0.1
-0.2
1.4
0.8
2.3

21.2

8.7

2014Q4
0.5
2014Q4
0.2

2014M12
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
3.2

21.0

8.6

2015Q1
0.8
2015Q1
0.3

2015M01
0.1
1.0
0.6
0.9
0.5
3.1

20.9

8.6

2015Q2
0.3
2015Q2
0.2

2015M02
0.8
1.8
-0.7
-1.6
0.2
3.1

20.9

8.5

20.8

8.5

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.1
1.2
-0.6
0.3
0.5
2.8

2015M03
-0.1
2.2
1.4
0.1
-0.2
2.7

20.7

8.4

2014Q2
1.6
2014Q2
1.0

2015M05
-0.2
2.1
-0.2
1.0
0.2
3.2

20.6

8.4

2014Q3
1.6
2014Q3
1.2

2015M06
-0.1
2.0
-0.5
0.2
0.0
2.6

20.4

8.4

2014Q4
1.6
2014Q4
1.1

2015M07
0.3
1.8
0.7
2.3
0.4
3.5

20.4

8.4

2015Q1
2.3
2015Q1
1.0

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.0
2.6

:

:

2015Q2
1.9
2015Q2
0.9

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-) 
/surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-2.5

87.2

-2.7

86.9

-2.8

86.9

-3.0

88.2

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2) 

index

104.2

104.1

104.2

104.8

105.2

106.0

106.4

106.4

105.5

106.6

107.0

107.6

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate

%

%

Average

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.78

-

1.68

-

1.50

-

1.26

-

:

-

:

-

:

-

:

-

:

-

:

-

:

-

:

-

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

18

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

European Union (EU28)

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

GDP (q/q-4)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-12)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Graph 3: Labour

%

10.8

10.4

10.0

9.6

9.2

Index

115.0

110.0

105.0

100.0

95.0

90.0

85.0

Growth rate 
3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Employment (q/q-4)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-4)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 2: Demand

Growth rate
(PFC,I)

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Growth rate
(RT)

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)
Investment (I)(q/q-1)
Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Private Final Consumption(q/q-4)
Investment (q/q-4)
Retail trade (m/m-12)

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

3.0
-3.0

-4.0

-5.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-12)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-12)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

%

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

€/$

1.6

1.4

1.2

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance (1)  

BOP current account (2)

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

(1) external trade balance is a monthly basis data
(2) the BOP current account is a quarterly basis data

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

19

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for euro area (*) 

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.1

2014Q3
0.3

2014Q4
0.4

2015Q1
0.5

2015Q2
0.4

0.2

-0.5

0.5

0.3

0.6

0.6

0.5

1.4

0.4

-0.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
0.6

2014Q3
0.8

2014Q4
1.0

2015Q1
1.3

2015Q2
1.6

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.7

1.4

1.0

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.9

External trade balance 
(extra euro area)(2)

BOP Current account 
(extra euro area)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

19364.8

20722.0

22262.9

20696.5

21092.8

17563.6

21719.8

21312.5

21940.5

22419.5

:

:

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

29055.0

19887.0

35788.0

6352.0

14318.0

33818.0

21132.0

4297.0

30646.0

33780.0

:

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.1
0.4
-0.3
-1.3

2014M11
-0.2
0.3
-0.3
-1.6

2014M12
-0.1
-0.2
-1.0
-2.7

2015M01
-1.6
-0.6
-1.1
-3.5

2015M02
0.6
-0.3
0.6
-2.8

2015M03
1.1
-0.1
0.2
-2.3

2015M04
0.2
0.0
0.0
-2.1

2015M05
0.2
0.3
0.0
-2.0

2015M06
0.0
0.2
0.0
-2.1

2015M07
-0.6
0.2
-0.2
-2.1

2015M08
0.0
0.1
-0.8
-2.6

2015M09
0.2
-0.1
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
11.5

2014M11
11.5

2014M12
11.4

2015M01
11.3

2015M02
11.2

2015M03
11.2

2015M04
11.1

2015M05
11.1

2015M06
11.1

2015M07
11.0

2015M08
11.0

2015M09
:

23.3

10.4

2014Q2
0.6
2014Q2
0.3

2014M10
0.1
0.8
0.8
-0.4
0.6
1.4

23.2

10.3

2014Q3
0.3
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
0.2
-0.6
-0.2
-0.1
0.5
1.1

23.0

10.2

2014Q4
0.3
2014Q4
0.1

2014M12
0.5
0.8
0.3
-2.3
0.5
2.9

22.8

10.1

2015Q1
0.6
2015Q1
0.2

2015M01
0.2
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.4
2.4

22.7

10.1

2015Q2
0.3
2015Q2
0.3

2015M02
0.9
2.0
-1.4
-3.5
0.2
2.3

22.7

10.0

22.5

10.0

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.1
0.8
-0.3
-1.3
0.4
2.4

2015M03
-0.5
2.1
0.5
-2.0
-0.3
1.7

22.5

10.0

2014Q2
1.7
2014Q2
0.6

2015M05
-0.2
1.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
2.5

22.6

10.0

2014Q3
1.5
2014Q3
0.8

2015M06
-0.3
1.5
-1.2
-1.3
0.0
1.9

22.2

9.9

2014Q4
1.3
2014Q4
0.8

2015M07
0.6
1.9
1.0
1.8
0.6
3.0

22.3

9.9

2015Q1
1.9
2015Q1
0.8

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.0
2.3

:

:

2015Q2
1.6
2015Q2
0.8

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-1.8

92.7

-2.3

92.1

-1.7

92.0

-3.7

92.9

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2) 

index

100.8

100.8

100.9

101.5

102.3

103.9

103.8

103.8

103.5

104.0

104.1

105.6

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government 
bond yields
Euro-dollar exchange rate

%

%

Average

2014M10
0.08

2014M11
0.08

2014M12
0.08

2015M01
0.06

2015M02
0.05

2015M03
0.03

2015M04
0.00

2015M05
-0.01

2015M06
-0.01

2015M07
-0.02

2015M08
-0.03

2015M09
-0.04

1.61

1.27

1.54

1.25

1.34

1.23

1.13

1.16

1.04

1.14

0.90

1.08

0.91

1.08

1.32

1.12

1.65

1.12

1.33

1.10

1.40

1.11

:

1.12

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
* Data refer to the EA-19 aggregate (euro area with 19 Member States) with the exception of Inflation (HICP all-items ), 3 months Interest rate, Long term government bond yields and Euro-dollar 
exchange rate which refer to the evolving euro area aggregate, i.e. euro area with 11 Member States till 31/12/2000, euro area with 12 Member States from 01/01/2001 till 31/12/2006, euro area with 
13 Member States from 01/01/2007 till 31/12/2007, euro area with 15 Member States from 01/01/2008 till 31/12/2008, euro area with 16 Member States from 01/01/2009 till 31/12/2010, euro area with 
17 Member States from 01/01/2011 till 31/12/2013, euro area with 18 Member States from 01/01/2014 till 31/12/2014, euro area with 19 Member States from 01/01/2014 till next euro area enlargement
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

20

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Euro area

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

Index

115.0

110.0

105.0

100.0

95.0

90.0

85.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)
Industrial Production (m/m-1)
Economic Sentiment Indicator

GDP (q/q-4)
Industrial Production (m/m-12)

Graph 3: Labour

%

12.5

12.0

11.5

11.0

10.5

Growth rate 
3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Employment (q/q-4)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-4)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 2: Demand

Growth rate
(PFC,I)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Growth rate
(RT)

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Private Final Consumption (PFC)(q/q-1)
Investment (I)(q/q-1)
Retail trade (RT)(m/m-1)

Private Final Consumption(q/q-4)
Investment (q/q-4)
Retail trade (m/m-12)

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

2.0
-2.0

-3.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Industrial producer prices (m/m-12)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

HICP (m/m-12)

HICP (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

40000

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000
15000

10000

5000

0

%

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

€/$

1.6

1.4

1.2

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

21

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Belgium

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.1

2014Q3
0.3

2014Q4
0.2

2015Q1
0.4

2015Q2
0.4

0.0

1.1

0.7

7.0

0.5

-5.4

0.7

10.0

0.5

-9.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.0

2014Q3
0.9

2014Q4
1.1

2015Q1
1.0

2015Q2
1.3

0.5

3.6

1.0

9.9

1.7

4.5

1.9

12.4

2.4

0.7

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

885.3

408.1

306.2

-378.3

-104.4

-971.1

-649.6

-234.7

-36.0

-771.9

mn euro

-741.8

-1091.9

-1251.7

-1700.5

-1692.9

-2612.0

-2302.7

-1786.5

-2020.2

-2458.6

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

3317.0

-2336.0

4722.0

4374.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
0.3
0.5
-3.0

2014M11
-0.2
0.1
-0.9
-3.9

2014M12
0.0
-0.4
-2.7
-6.8

2015M01
-2.1
-0.6
-2.0
-8.4

2015M02
2.4
-0.4
1.3
-6.8

2015M03
0.3
-0.1
1.7
-4.6

2015M04
0.3
0.4
-0.3
-3.4

2015M05
0.3
0.8
0.8
-2.4

2015M06
0.2
0.9
-0.4
-3.0

2015M07
-1.3
0.9
-1.0
-3.1

2015M08
1.3
0.8
-1.2
-3.9

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
8.6

2014M11
8.6

2014M12
8.6

2015M01
8.6

2015M02
8.6

2015M03
8.7

2015M04
8.7

2015M05
8.8

2015M06
8.9

2015M07
8.8

2015M08
8.8

2015M09
:

22.2

7.4

2014Q2
0.2
2014Q2
0.2

2014M10
-1.5
-0.2
0.0
-1.4
1.1
4.1

22.5

7.4

2014Q3
0.1
2014Q3
0.1

2014M11
1.4
-1.0
-0.2
-2.6
-0.3
0.6

22.1

7.4

2014Q4
0.1
2014Q4
0.1

2014M12
-1.7
-3.3
-1.1
-11.2
0.5
2.8

21.1

7.5

2015Q1
0.0
2015Q1
0.2

2015M01
1.5
1.8
1.7
-3.3
-0.4
-0.2

20.8

7.5

2015Q2
0.0
2015Q2
0.2

2015M02
-3.1
-4.1
-0.7
-5.5
-0.3
1.6

21.2

7.6

21.8

7.6

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-0.9
-0.7
-1.9
-5.4
0.9
0.7

2015M03
3.2
2.1
0.5
1.3
-0.5
-1.2

22.3

7.5

2014Q2
0.9
2014Q2
0.5

2015M05
0.2
0.2
1.3
2.5
0.7
-1.3

23.1

7.6

2014Q3
0.7
2014Q3
0.5

2015M06
-2.3
-4.7
-0.4
-1.6
0.6
1.5

22.5

7.5

2014Q4
0.6
2014Q4
0.5

2015M07
2.1
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.2
2.1

22.6

7.5

2015Q1
0.2
2015Q1
0.6

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.5
-1.7

:

:

2015Q2
0.1
2015Q2
0.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

0.5

-7.5

2.6

-10.1

General government gross debt %

108.9

108.3

106.6

111.0

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

Economic sentiment indicator (2)

index

99.4

99.5

98.1

98.8

98.8

99.6

102.0

103.1

103.2

101.8

104.0

98.9

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.18

1.07

0.91

0.73

0.63

0.49

0.42

0.86

1.21

1.15

1.00

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

22

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Belgium

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0
2 0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

-5.0

-10.0

Growth Rate (RT)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Index

110

105

100

95

90
90

85

80

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

%
8.9

8.5

8.1

7.7

7.3

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate
3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

Growth Rate 

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
6000

4000

2000

0

-2000

-4000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

%

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

€/$

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

23

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Bulgaria

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.6

2014Q3
0.4

2014Q4
0.6

2015Q1
0.6

2015Q2
0.5

0.3

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

0.0

-0.9

-1.1

-1.4

-1.1

-0.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.6

2014Q3
0.7

2014Q4
2.4

2015Q1
2.2

2015Q2
2.3

0.3

6.2

1.4

3.5

2.9

0.1

1.4

-6.8

0.5

-0.4

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-124.2

-129.6

-154.0

-107.1

-95.1

-50.3

-78.0

-93.5

-115.5

-122.9

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-9.7

1097.3

-581.5

262.9

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
-1.5
1.3
0.8

2014M11
-0.5
-1.9
-0.6
0.3

2014M12
0.3
-2.0
-1.2
-0.9

2015M01
-0.7
-2.4
-0.9
-1.9

2015M02
0.1
-1.7
0.7
-1.2

2015M03
0.3
-1.1
0.6
-0.4

2015M04
0.5
-0.9
-0.4
-0.6

2015M05
0.0
-0.3
0.3
-0.4

2015M06
-0.5
-0.6
0.2
-0.3

2015M07
0.2
-1.0
-0.5
-0.7

2015M08
0.1
-0.8
-1.3
-1.8

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (12

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
10.9

2014M11
10.6

2014M12
10.2

2015M01
10.0

2015M02
9.9

2015M03
10.0

2015M04
10.0

2015M05
10.0

2015M06
9.9

2015M07
9.8

2015M08
9.7

2015M09
:

22.9

10.2

2014Q2
1.4
2014Q2
0.0

2014M10
0.8
-0.5
1.1
3.5
-0.1
3.4

22.9

9.8

2014Q3
0.7
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
0.2
0.3
-1.9
0.4
0.0
2.3

22.5

9.4

2014Q4
2.4
2014Q4
0.0

2014M12
1.0
1.4
1.2
3.7
1.4
6.1

22.3

9.2

2015Q1
2.1
2015Q1
0.3

2015M01
1.7
1.3
-0.5
-2.0
-0.2
4.3

22.3

9.1

2015Q2
1.5
2015Q2
-0.1

2015M02
-0.7
2.5
-0.1
-2.2
-0.4
4.2

22.6

9.2

22.3

9.3

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.4
1.7
-1.5
-1.1
-0.1
0.5

2015M03
-1.4
2.7
-0.2
-1.3
-1.4
0.8

22.2

9.3

2014Q2
6.0
2014Q2
0.3

2015M05
0.7
3.9
-1.1
-7.0
0.7
0.8

22.0

9.2

2014Q3
5.0
2014Q3
0.7

2015M06
0.6
5.8
3.2
1.8
0.2
2.7

21.5

9.1

2014Q4
6.8
2014Q4
0.1

2015M07
-0.7
3.4
-0.3
-0.2
-1.1
0.1

21.3

9.0

2015Q1
7.0
2015Q1
0.8

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.8
-1.9

:

:

2015Q2
6.8
2015Q2
0.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-1.6

20.5

-0.8

23.6

-4.3

27.6

1.0

29.6

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2) 

index

96.7

99.8

100.5

102.2

103.8

101.6

103.4

104.4

104.4

103.9

105.5

104.8

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
New bulgarian Lev exchange 
rates against the euro

%

%

Average

2014M10
:

2014M11
0.66

2014M12
0.66

2015M01
0.66

2015M02
0.61

2015M03
0.57

2015M04
0.56

2015M05
0.55

2015M06
0.54

2015M07
0.52

2015M08
0.51

2015M09
:

3.31

1.96

3.44

1.96

2.96

1.96

2.95

1.96

2.52

1.96

2.49

1.96

2.36

1.96

2.36

1.96

2.36

1.96

2.36

1.96

2.36

1.96

:

1.96

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

24

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Bulgaria

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Growth Rate (RT)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Index

110

105

100

95

90

85

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

%
11.5

11.0

10.5

10.0

9.5

9.0

Growth Rate 

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

400

300

200

100

0

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500

-600

-700

%

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Bulgarian Lev/€

1.970

1.960

1.950

1.940

1.930

1.920

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Bulgarian Lev exchange rates against the euro 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

25

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Czech Republic

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.6

2014Q3
0.5

2014Q4
0.5

2015Q1
2.5

2015Q2
1.1

0.4

0.7

0.3

0.4

0.9

0.7

1.2

1.3

0.6

4.8

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.1

2014Q3
2.6

2014Q4
1.0

2015Q1
4.1

2015Q2
4.6

1.3

2.9

1.6

3.0

1.8

1.1

2.8

2.9

3.0

7.4

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-335.4

-214.0

-98.0

-476.5

-336.1

-418.0

-240.8

-230.8

-386.9

-606.3

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-1064.8

-1205.2

182.6

3314.1

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
0.7
-0.5
-0.4

2014M11
-0.3
0.6
-0.6
-1.7

2014M12
0.0
0.1
-1.3
-3.7

2015M01
-0.1
-0.1
-1.0
-3.5

2015M02
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-3.6

2015M03
0.2
0.1
0.5
-3.0

2015M04
0.4
0.5
0.4
-2.6

2015M05
0.3
0.7
0.5
-2.1

2015M06
0.2
0.9
-0.2
-2.3

2015M07
-0.2
0.4
-0.5
-3.0

2015M08
-0.2
0.2
-0.8
-3.8

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (2)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
5.8

2014M11
5.9

2014M12
5.8

2015M01
5.9

2015M02
5.8

2015M03
5.6

2015M04
5.3

2015M05
5.1

2015M06
5.0

2015M07
5.1

2015M08
5.0

2015M09
:

14.3

5.1

2014Q2
0.3
2014Q2
-0.1

2014M10
-0.8
3.0
-0.3
3.6
1.3
5.2

14.8

5.2

2014Q3
-0.5
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
1.2
4.4
-0.8
7.2
-0.2
1.9

14.0

5.2

2014Q4
1.9
2014Q4
0.3

2014M12
1.1
5.1
-4.7
-8.1
0.9
4.2

13.9

5.3

2015Q1
1.4
2015Q1
0.7

2015M01
0.1
5.2
8.5
6.7
2.1
7.2

14.2

5.2

2015Q2
-0.2
2015Q2
0.2

2015M02
0.9
4.9
1.4
6.7
0.4
7.3

14.2

5.0

13.5

4.7

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.8
4.5
-0.2
10.1
0.3
5.1

2015M03
-0.1
3.9
2.2
9.0
-0.9
4.8

12.9

4.5

2014Q2
2.2
2014Q2
0.0

2015M05
-0.1
5.2
-0.2
12.8
0.8
6.5

12.8

4.5

2014Q3
0.1
2014Q3
0.6

2015M06
1.0
6.1
-0.5
7.4
0.1
5.5

13.1

4.5

2014Q4
3.6
2014Q4
1.0

2015M07
1.2
7.2
1.9
14.0
0.4
6.7

12.4

4.5

2015Q1
3.5
2015Q1
1.1

2015M08
:
:
:
:
:
:

:

:

2015Q2
2.6
2015Q2
1.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-0.7

43.6

-0.2

43.1

-3.3

42.6

-1.6

42.4

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

102.8

103.6

106.0

105.1

103.2

102.7

103.4

104.0

105.9

104.9

104.5

103.9

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Czech Koruna exchange rates 
against the euro

%

%

2014M10
:

2014M11
0.34

2014M12
0.34

2015M01
0.33

2015M02
0.33

2015M03
0.32

2015M04
0.31

2015M05
0.31

2015M06
0.31

2015M07
0.31

2015M08
0.31

2015M09
:

1.10

0.87

0.67

0.35

0.40

0.35

0.26

0.60

1.01

0.97

0.74

:

Average

27.59

27.67

27.64

27.90

27.61

27.38

27.44

27.40

27.31

27.09

27.04

27.09

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

26

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Czech Republic

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0
3 0

-6.0

-9.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

115

110

105

100

95
95

90

85

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

%
6.3

6.0

5.7

5.4

5.1

4.8

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate
0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

-1.2

-1.4

Growth Rate 

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

-500

-1000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

Czech Koruna/€

29.000

28.000

27.000

26.000

25.000

24.000

23.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Czech Koruna exchange rates against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

27

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Denmark

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.2

2014Q3
0.7

2014Q4
0.3

2015Q1
0.6

2015Q2
0.2

0.5

0.7

0.1

1.4

1.4

2.1

0.7

-2.9

-0.4

0.7

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
0.5

2014Q3
1.3

2014Q4
1.3

2015Q1
1.6

2015Q2
2.0

0.0

2.4

1.1

1.4

2.3

7.6

3.1

1.0

1.8

1.5

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

710.4

446.4

764.8

712.3

790.0

1159.3

792.3

655.9

616.5

677.6

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

4223.1

5511.4

4661.7

3402.4

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
0.3
-2.3
-4.5

2014M11
-0.3
0.2
-0.8
-4.2

2014M12
-0.3
0.1
-1.5
-5.4

2015M01
-0.6
-0.3
-1.9
-7.1

2015M02
0.9
0.0
1.7
-5.8

2015M03
0.5
0.3
-0.8
-5.7

2015M04
0.2
0.4
0.4
-5.6

2015M05
0.0
0.4
-0.4
-6.9

2015M06
-0.1
0.4
-0.9
-7.3

2015M07
-0.1
0.5
-2.6
-9.0

2015M08
-0.3
0.3
1.7
-6.8

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
6.5

2014M11
6.4

2014M12
6.1

2015M01
6.1

2015M02
6.2

2015M03
6.4

2015M04
6.3

2015M05
6.3

2015M06
6.2

2015M07
6.3

2015M08
6.3

2015M09
:

11.8

5.5

2014Q2
0.3
2014Q2
0.3

2014M10
-0.2
-1.4
0.6
3.6
1.1
2.2

11.6

5.5

2014Q3
0.5
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
-0.4
0.5
1.2
4.0
1.4
3.2

10.3

5.4

2014Q4
0.6
2014Q4
0.3

2014M12
1.1
2.6
-3.8
4.1
-1.3
0.8

10.6

5.3

2015Q1
0.2
2015Q1
0.2

2015M01
-2.2
-0.4
1.5
4.0
0.5
2.3

10.5

5.4

2015Q2
0.6
2015Q2
0.3

2015M02
0.0
-2.3
2.7
4.7
0.0
0.9

10.8

5.6

10.4

5.6

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-1.7
1.5
-6.2
1.6
-1.1
0.5

2015M03
4.3
4.0
3.5
4.7
1.0
3.1

10.4

5.5

2014Q2
1.1
2014Q2
0.8

2015M05
-2.5
-0.6
2.6
2.2
-3.3
-2.4

11.4

5.3

2014Q3
1.4
2014Q3
0.7

2015M06
4.4
8.5
3.3
15.7
3.8
0.9

11.4

5.4

2014Q4
1.8
2014Q4
0.9

2015M07
-4.6
0.0
-4.6
3.8
0.7
2.6

11.4

5.4

2015Q1
1.5
2015Q1
0.9

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.1
1.5

:

:

2015Q2
2.0
2015Q2
1.0

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

2.5

45.2

2.5

46.7

2.5

45.1

-2.2

44.4

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

101.0

98.1

94.6

96.5

96.2

95.6

99.0

101.4

99.8

98.8

98.1

98.8

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
 Danish Krone exchange rates 
against the euro

%

%

Average

2014M10
0.30

2014M11
0.30

2014M12
0.30

2015M01
0.18

2015M02
-0.33

2015M03
-0.19

2015M04
-0.19

2015M05
-0.18

2015M06
-0.20

2015M07
-0.16

2015M08
-0.07

2015M09
-0.01

1.13

7.44

1.03

7.44

0.93

7.44

0.63

7.44

0.20

7.45

0.30

7.46

0.25

7.47

0.73

7.46

1.00

7.46

0.94

7.46

0.84

7.46

:

7.46

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

28

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Denmark

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

115

105

95

85

75

65

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5
6.5

6.0

5.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
0.0

-0.5

-1.0

2

2

1

1

0

-1

1
-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

Danish Krone/€

7.470

7.460

7.450

7.440

7.430

7.420

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Danish Krone exchange rates against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

29

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Germany

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.1

2014Q3
0.2

2014Q4
0.6

2015Q1
0.3

2015Q2
0.4

-0.1

-1.5

0.6

-0.7

1.0

1.3

0.4

1.7

0.2

-0.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.0

2014Q3
1.2

2014Q4
1.6

2015Q1
1.2

2015Q2
1.6

0.6

2.2

0.5

1.8

1.6

1.9

2.3

0.9

1.8

1.8

External trade balance 
(extra euro area)(2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

20199.4

18997.0

19746.4

18117.6

19700.8

20101.8

21810.8

21235.5

20689.5

20981.6

mn euro

15404.9

14067.0

14471.1

12988.6

14637.9

15088.5

16685.8

15979.0

15295.8

15706.6

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

46691.0

56215.0

67260.0

57516.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.3
0.7
-0.2
-1.0

2014M11
0.0
0.5
0.0
-0.9

2014M12
0.1
0.1
-0.6
-1.6

2015M01
-1.3
-0.5
-0.7
-2.2

2015M02
1.0
0.0
0.2
-1.9

2015M03
0.5
0.2
0.1
-1.6

2015M04
-0.1
0.3
0.0
-1.5

2015M05
0.1
0.7
0.0
-1.3

2015M06
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
-1.4

2015M07
0.3
0.1
0.0
-1.3

2015M08
0.0
0.1
-0.4
-1.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
5.0

2014M11
4.9

2014M12
4.8

2015M01
4.8

2015M02
4.8

2015M03
4.8

2015M04
4.7

2015M05
4.7

2015M06
4.7

2015M07
4.6

2015M08
4.5

2015M09
:

7.4

4.7

2014Q2
0.7
2014Q2
0.3

2014M10
0.3
1.4
-0.1
0.0
1.8
2.2

7.3

4.6

2014Q3
0.5
2014Q3
0.1

2014M11
0.1
-0.3
1.0
-0.4
0.3
0.9

7.3

4.6

2014Q4
0.8
2014Q4
0.1

2014M12
1.0
1.1
0.9
-0.7
0.7
4.3

7.2

4.5

2015Q1
0.8
2015Q1
0.1

2015M01
-0.3
0.7
1.0
-2.5
1.1
3.5

7.2

4.5

2015Q2
0.9
2015Q2
0.1

2015M02
0.2
1.0
-1.5
-7.0
0.1
3.0

7.1

4.5

7.1

4.5

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.8
1.4
-0.6
-1.4
0.2
3.1

2015M03
-0.5
0.2
0.6
-1.0
-0.7
2.0

7.1

4.4

2014Q2
2.1
2014Q2
1.0

2015M05
0.2
2.5
-0.1
1.1
0.2
3.6

7.1

4.4

2014Q3
2.6
2014Q3
0.9

2015M06
-0.6
1.4
-3.2
-2.8
-0.8
0.9

7.0

4.3

2014Q4
2.2
2014Q4
0.8

2015M07
0.5
0.5
3.2
-0.3
1.6
3.7

7.0

4.3

2015Q1
2.8
2015Q1
0.6

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.4
2.5

:

:

2015Q2
3.1
2015Q2
0.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

2.0

75.8

-0.1

75.3

0.8

74.9

0.2

74.4

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

104.2

103.4

103.4

103.8

103.3

105.1

104.5

105.0

105.0

106.0

105.8

107.7

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

0.79

0.72

0.59

0.39

0.30

0.23

0.12

0.56

0.79

0.71

0.61

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days  
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

30

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Germany

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

115

110

105

100

95

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000
30000

20000

10000

0

%
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

0.800

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

31

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Estonia

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.4

2014Q3
0.3

2014Q4
1.5

2015Q1
-0.6

2015Q2
0.7

1.2

-1.7

1.2

-6.0

1.9

-1.0

1.1

-1.3

1.3

0.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.9

2.7

1.7

2014Q3
2.7

3.3

-10.6

2014Q4
3.4

5.4

-10.6

2015Q1
1.1

2015Q2
2.0

5.5

-9.7

5.6

-8.0

External trade balance 
(extra euro area)(2)
External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

mn euro

66.8

64.7

116.9

84.8

1.1

5.4

94.6

60.8

-5.1

4.4

58.7

51.3

94.5

80.2

60.1

51.7

39.5

25.1

60.6

59.3

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

79.3

-9.6

152.7

-12.9

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.1
0.5
-1.4
-3.6

2014M11
-0.9
0.0
-1.2
-3.0

2014M12
0.0
0.1
0.3
-1.0

2015M01
-0.4
-0.5
-1.2
-3.3

2015M02
0.5
-0.2
-0.1
-1.6

2015M03
0.7
0.0
0.4
-0.4

2015M04
0.6
0.4
0.1
-0.1

2015M05
0.4
0.5
-0.9
-2.5

2015M06
0.1
0.3
0.6
-1.2

2015M07
-0.3
0.1
-1.5
-4.3

2015M08
-0.2
0.2
0.6
-3.3

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
7.0

2014M11
6.6

2014M12
6.4

2015M01
6.3

2015M02
6.0

2015M03
6.1

2015M04
6.5

2015M05
6.4

2015M06
6.1

2015M07
5.7

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

14.0

6.3

2014Q2
1.6
2014Q2
2.4

2014M10
-0.9
2.3
-
-
0.4
6.0

13.6

6.0

2014Q3
1.1
2014Q3
-0.2

2014M11
0.9
4.5
-
-
2.5
9.0

15.4

5.6

2014Q4
1.4
2014Q4
0.5

2014M12
-0.7
9.8
-
-
-1.2
7.8

13.8

5.6

2015Q1
0.8
2015Q1
0.9

2015M01
-2.4
2.1
-
-
0.3
2.8

11.9

5.5

2015Q2
2.1
2015Q2
0.8

2015M02
0.6
4.2
-
-
-0.6
5.1

11.9

5.5

11.2

6.0

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
1.1
-0.3
-
-
0.3
1.7

2015M03
-0.6
1.1
-
-
0.5
3.5

10.4

6.0

2014Q2
7.1
2014Q2
-0.2

2015M05
-1.5
-2.4
-
-
0.9
4.9

9.8

5.7

2014Q3
6.2
2014Q3
1.3

2015M06
-0.5
-2.5
-
-
0.7
4.8

11.5

5.2

2014Q4
6.3
2014Q4
3.1

2015M07
-1.3
-6.7
-
-
2.5
7.8

:

:

2015Q1
5.0
2015Q1
3.6

2015M08
1.4
-2.7
-
-
-1.1
5.5

:

:

2015Q2
5.5
2015Q2
2.1

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

1.2

10.5

1.2

10.5

2.4

10.6

-3.4

10.5

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

101.6

102.8

101.9

100.6

97.5

96.4

96.5

95.9

94.4

95.8

96.3

97.6

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government 
bond yields bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:d

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

32

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Estonia

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

-5.0
5 0

-10.0

-15.0

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0
2 0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

115

110

105

100

95

90

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%
8.5

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

-20

-40

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

€/$

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

33

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Ireland

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
1.2

2014Q3
2.1

2014Q4
1.0

2015Q1
2.1

2015Q2
1.9

0.6

-1.2

0.4

8.2

1.7

5.2

0.7

-1.7

0.4

19.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
7.0

2014Q3
3.7

2014Q4
6.0

2015Q1
7.2

2015Q2
6.7

2.3

16.7

1.2

10.1

3.1

20.3

3.7

9.2

2.8

34.2

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (1)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (1)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

970.0

1176.0

2163.3

1984.3

2055.4

1775.5

2297.2

1895.9

2016.5

1817.5

mn euro

1391.9

1694.6

2564.7

2376.3

2411.2

2124.1

2759.4

2290.2

2319.2

2143.4

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

1879.0

:

2442.0

1625.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.3
0.4
-0.1
-0.4

2014M11
-0.3
0.2
-1.3
-1.6

2014M12
-0.4
-0.3
-1.4
-2.9

2015M01
-0.7
-0.4
-2.6
-5.5

2015M02
0.6
-0.4
-0.8
-6.0

2015M03
0.6
-0.3
2.6
-3.5

2015M04
-0.1
-0.4
0.0
-3.5

2015M05
0.5
0.2
-0.4
-4.0

2015M06
0.4
0.4
0.2
-3.8

2015M07
-0.3
0.2
1.3
-2.6

2015M08
0.3
0.2
-0.9
-3.3

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (1)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (1)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (1)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (2)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
10.6

2014M11
10.4

2014M12
10.2

2015M01
10.2

2015M02
10.0

2015M03
9.8

2015M04
9.7

2015M05
9.6

2015M06
9.5

2015M07
9.5

2015M08
9.5

2015M09
9.4

21.9

9.5

2014Q2
-0.4
2014Q2
0.2

2014M10
3.4
35.8
-
-
1.1
4.7

21.7

9.3

2014Q3
-0.7
2014Q3
0.6

2014M11
1.9
27.0
-
-
0.5
4.0

21.8

9.1

2014Q4
1.3
2014Q4
0.7

2014M12
-7.1
15.1
-
-
1.8
5.3

22.4

9.0

2015Q1
0.0
2015Q1
0.8

2015M01
2.0
5.5
-
-
-0.2
5.0

22.3

8.8

2015Q2
0.2
2015Q2
0.9

2015M02
25.4
40.2
-
-
0.7
5.7

21.5

8.7

20.6

8.6

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
1.6
7.9
-
-
3.4
6.9

2015M03
-9.9
28.9
-
-
-0.4
6.4

20.3

8.6

2014Q2
-0.6
2014Q2
1.7

2015M05
-5.6
-3.0
-
-
-1.4
6.6

20.7

8.5

2014Q3
-0.9
2014Q3
1.4

2015M06
-3.4
26.6
-
-
-0.3
4.7

20.7

8.4

2014Q4
0.2
2014Q4
1.6

2015M07
7.2
17.9
-
-
1.0
6.2

20.7

8.4

2015Q1
0.4
2015Q1
2.3

2015M08
:
:
-
-
0.9
7.7

20.6

8.4

2015Q2
0.9
2015Q2
3.0

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

-3.0

-4.4

-3.0

General government gross debt %

116.8

114.3

109.7

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

Economic sentiment indicator (1)  

index

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.74

1.58

1.31

1.22

1.12

0.80

0.73

1.25

1.65

1.47

1.29

:

(1)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(2)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

34

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

-10.0

-20.0

millions  euro

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

-5.0

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

13.0

12.0

11.0

10.0
0.0

9.0

8.0

Growth Rate 

Growth rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

%

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0
2 0

1.0

0.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

35

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Greece

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.1

2014Q3
0.9

2014Q4
-0.2

2015Q1
0.1

0.2

5.3

1.2

1.5

0.2

16.3

0.1

-8.4

2015Q2
0.9

1.0

-10.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
0.3

2014Q3
2.0

2014Q4
1.2

2015Q1
0.2

2015Q2
1.7

0.7

-6.0

3.3

2.7

1.7

17.9

1.0

17.4

2.8

-4.9

External trade balance 
(extra euro area)(2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-939.3

-943.8

-1003.2

-607.7

-696.6

-1000.2

-1071.7

-660.3

-669.0

-587.2

mn euro

-850.2

-832.1

-899.3

-524.8

-625.8

-890.7

-947.1

-522.3

-553.2

-586.4

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-195.0

5074.0

-2128.0

-2177.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.9
-1.8
-1.3
-0.4

2014M11
-0.7
-1.2
-1.4
-1.9

2014M12
-0.5
-2.5
-3.3
-5.3

2015M01
-1.2
-2.8
-2.3
-7.7

2015M02
-0.2
-1.9
3.5
-3.1

2015M03
1.9
-1.9
0.7
-3.0

2015M04
0.4
-1.8
-0.1
-4.4

2015M05
-0.2
-1.4
0.7
-4.1

2015M06
0.9
-1.1
-0.4
-4.8

2015M07
-1.2
-1.3
-1.4
-5.4

2015M08
-0.2
-0.4
-3.2
-8.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (2)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
26.1

2014M11
25.9

2014M12
26.0

2015M01
25.9

2015M02
25.8

2015M03
26.0

2015M04
25.5

2015M05
25.0

2015M06
25.2

2015M07
:

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

51.3

24.4

2014Q2
-0.1
2014Q2
-0.4

2014M10
3.1
-0.1
-
-
0.8
2.2

51.2

24.2

2014Q3
4.7
2014Q3
1.7

2014M11
0.4
3.4
-
-
-1.0
-1.2

51.2

24.3

2014Q4
-2.3
2014Q4
0.1

2014M12
-1.4
-3.0
-
-
-1.7
-1.3

50.5

24.3

2015Q1
0.3
2015Q1
-0.7

2015M01
-0.3
-0.9
-
-
0.7
0.6

52.7

24.1

2015Q2
-3.8
2015Q2
1.2

2015M02
3.0
1.4
-
-
-1.3
-1.7

52.3

24.3

52.3

23.8

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-1.9
0.4
-
-
-0.7
-1.8

2015M03
0.4
4.7
-
-
1.7
1.0

51.4

23.3

2014Q2
-0.7
2014Q2
-0.5

2015M05
-5.5
-4.6
-
-
1.7
4.1

48.3

23.6

2014Q3
8.6
2014Q3
1.5

2015M06
-0.4
-4.8
-
-
-1.4
-0.4

:

:

2014Q4
3.5
2014Q4
2.4

2015M07
4.3
-1.5
-
-
-4.6
-7.3

:

:

2015Q1
1.0
2015Q1
0.6

2015M08
:
:
-
-
:
:

:

:

2015Q2
-2.9
2015Q2
2.3

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

-1.5

-0.8

-7.2

-9.7

General government gross debt %

177.4

175.8

177.1

168.8

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

102.3

102.8

99.1

95.3

98.2

96.8

92.7

91.4

90.7

81.3

75.2

83.1

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

7.26

8.10

8.42

9.48

9.72

10.52

12.00

10.95

11.43

:

10.26

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

36

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Greece

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0
2 0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

-5.0

-10.0

-15.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

105

100

95

90

85
85

80

75

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

26.5

26.0

25.5

25.0
25.0

24.5

24.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Growth Rate

Growth Rate

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0.0

-2.0

-4.0

4

3

2

1

0

-1
1

-2

-3

-4

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
6000

4000

2000

0

-2000

-4000

%

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0
6 0

4.0

2.0

€/$

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

37

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Spain

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.5

2014Q3
0.5

2014Q4
0.7

2015Q1
0.9

2015Q2
1.0

1.0

2.0

0.8

1.1

0.9

1.4

0.7

1.4

1.0

2.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.1

2014Q3
1.7

2014Q4
2.1

2015Q1
2.8

2015Q2
3.2

2.6

4.4

2.7

3.6

3.1

5.2

3.0

6.2

3.2

6.2

External trade balance 
(extra euro area)(2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-2236.6

-1371.8

-1408.2

-1197.5

-1812.2

-1246.7

-1537.0

-1612.6

-1667.7

-1377.4

mn euro

-2366.1

-1444.9

-1712.8

-1451.5

-2063.7

-1450.2

-1913.7

-1878.4

-1765.7

-1768.2

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

109.0

4732.0

7265.0

-1789.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
-0.2
-0.8
-1.2

2014M11
-0.2
-0.5
-1.2
-1.5

2014M12
-0.7
-1.1
-1.1
-3.6

2015M01
-2.2
-1.5
-0.5
-2.8

2015M02
0.1
-1.2
0.2
-1.6

2015M03
2.0
-0.8
0.5
-1.3

2015M04
0.7
-0.7
0.5
-0.9

2015M05
0.4
-0.3
0.3
-1.4

2015M06
0.2
0.0
0.9
-1.4

2015M07
-1.5
0.0
0.1
-1.3

2015M08
-0.4
-0.5
-1.7
-2.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
23.8

2014M11
23.7

2014M12
23.6

2015M01
23.4

2015M02
23.1

2015M03
22.9

2015M04
22.7

2015M05
22.6

2015M06
22.5

2015M07
22.3

2015M08
22.2

2015M09
:

52.2

21.7

2014Q2
0.6
2014Q2
0.9

2014M10
-0.2
1.4
0.4
8.5
-0.1
0.8

51.5

21.6

2014Q3
-0.2
2014Q3
0.4

2014M11
-0.1
-0.1
1.4
14.0
1.2
1.9

51.3

21.5

2014Q4
0.0
2014Q4
0.7

2014M12
0.3
0.2
-1.1
1.9
1.1
6.4

50.7

21.3

2015Q1
0.5
2015Q1
0.8

2015M01
0.3
0.3
0.9
13.1
-0.1
4.0

50.2

21.1

2015Q2
0.1
2015Q2
0.9

2015M02
0.8
1.1
-1.7
0.8
-0.4
2.5

49.8

20.9

49.5

20.7

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-0.2
1.7
1.5
3.2
0.8
4.0

2015M03
1.2
3.7
-1.1
-7.0
0.2
3.1

49.2

20.6

2014Q2
1.4
2014Q2
1.2

2015M05
0.4
2.8
-0.7
-2.7
0.2
3.2

49.0

20.5

2014Q3
0.2
2014Q3
1.7

2015M06
0.7
4.7
0.1
-2.3
-0.3
2.2

48.7

20.4

2014Q4
0.2
2014Q4
2.4

2015M07
0.6
5.4
0.2
0.6
0.7
4.1

48.8

20.3

2015Q1
1.2
2015Q1
2.9

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.2
3.2

:

:

2015Q2
0.4
2015Q2
2.9

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-10.8

96.4

-1.2

96.8

-8.3

97.7

-2.7

98.0

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

103.2

104.2

105.6

106.6

107.4

109.1

110.4

110.4

108.4

108.7

110.4

109.5

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

2.12

2.07

1.78

1.54

1.52

1.23

1.31

1.78

2.22

2.10

1.96

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

38

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Spain

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

120

115

110

105

100

95

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%
27.0

26.0

25.0

24.0
24.0

23.0

22.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5
-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
8000

6000

4000

2000

0

-2000

-4000

%

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

€/$

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

39

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for France

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.1

2014Q3
0.3

2014Q4
0.1

2015Q1
0.7

2015Q2
0.0

0.4

-0.6

0.5

-0.4

0.2

-0.3

0.8

0.0

0.0

-0.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-0.2

2014Q3
0.1

2014Q4
0.2

2015Q1
1.0

2015Q2
1.1

0.7

-1.1

1.0

-2.0

0.7

-1.7

2.1

-1.2

1.4

-0.7

External trade balance 
(extra euro area)(2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

1791.6

3041.6

1936.0

2922.5

2687.0

911.4

2757.4

2651.3

2926.6

2565.7

mn euro

1374.0

2445.9

1421.8

2416.2

1953.5

544.7

2155.4

2472.4

2549.7

2255.8

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-9641.0

-1450.0

3706.0

-2862.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
0.5
0.0
-1.1

2014M11
-0.2
0.4
0.0
-1.7

2014M12
0.1
0.1
-0.9
-2.8

2015M01
-1.1
-0.4
-1.0
-3.4

2015M02
0.7
-0.3
1.0
-2.3

2015M03
0.7
0.0
0.0
-1.9

2015M04
0.1
0.1
-0.3
-1.7

2015M05
0.2
0.3
-0.5
-1.7

2015M06
-0.1
0.3
0.1
-1.7

2015M07
-0.5
0.2
-0.1
-1.5

2015M08
0.4
0.1
-1.0
-2.1

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (2)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
10.4

2014M11
10.5

2014M12
10.5

2015M01
10.4

2015M02
10.4

2015M03
10.3

2015M04
10.3

2015M05
10.4

2015M06
10.5

2015M07
10.7

2015M08
10.8

2015M09
:

24.5

9.0

2014Q2
0.3
2014Q2
0.1

2014M10
-1.0
-1.4
0.5
-5.1
0.0
0.7

24.6

9.1

2014Q3
0.1
2014Q3
0.0

2014M11
-0.1
-3.3
-1.1
-6.5
1.0
1.1

24.8

9.0

2014Q4
0.4
2014Q4
0.0

2014M12
1.3
1.0
0.1
-7.8
0.5
2.2

24.9

8.9

2015Q1
0.7
2015Q1
0.1

2015M01
0.8
1.5
0.5
-5.0
-0.1
2.3

24.9

8.9

2015Q2
0.2
2015Q2
0.1

2015M02
0.3
1.8
-1.9
-7.2
0.8
3.3

24.7

8.8

24.2

8.8

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-1.0
0.4
-0.7
-6.0
0.8
3.3

2015M03
-0.2
1.8
0.6
-5.3
-0.5
1.6

24.2

8.9

2014Q2
1.0
2014Q2
0.5

2015M05
0.3
2.8
1.2
-2.4
0.3
3.1

24.2

9.1

2014Q3
0.6
2014Q3
0.5

2015M06
-0.2
0.7
-1.9
-5.6
0.6
3.5

24.3

9.3

2014Q4
0.5
2014Q4
0.3

2015M07
-0.8
-1.4
1.0
-3.0
0.2
4.4

24.5

9.4

2015Q1
1.5
2015Q1
0.2

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.3
3.7

:

:

2015Q2
1.5
2015Q2
0.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-2.6

95.5

-4.9

95.7

-0.9

95.6

-7.5

97.5

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

96.8

97.9

95.9

96.4

98.1

98.6

97.8

98.7

98.5

99.4

100.1

101.0

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.26

1.14

0.92

0.67

0.60

0.51

0.44

0.89

1.20

1.11

1.01

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

40

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

France

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0
1 0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5
0 5

-1.0

-1.5

Growth Rate (RT)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0
1 0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

110

105

100

95

90
90

85

80

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

11.5

11.0

10.5

10.0
10.0

9.5

9.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0

-1.0

-2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

-1000

-2000

-3000

-4000

%

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0
1.0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200
1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

41

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Croatia

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.4

2014Q3
0.4

2014Q4
0.0

2015Q1
0.2

2015Q2
0.7

-0.1

-1.2

-0.6

0.4

0.1

-1.9

0.8

2.2

0.2

0.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-0.7

2014Q3
-0.2

2014Q4
0.2

2015Q1
0.5

2015Q2
1.2

-0.6

-4.6

-1.1

-3.5

-0.5

-4.1

0.4

-0.4

0.6

0.8

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

7.0

32.7

39.7

113.7

-46.7

-31.6

-28.2

-12.5

1.8

-58.6

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-396.6

2770.2

-602.9

-1295.4

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.2
0.5
-0.3
-2.1

2014M11
-0.6
0.3
-0.8
-2.2

2014M12
-0.7
-0.1
-1.2
-3.4

2015M01
-0.5
-0.6
-2.3
-5.6

2015M02
0.1
-0.4
1.3
-4.1

2015M03
0.8
0.0
1.2
-2.7

2015M04
0.4
-0.1
-0.6
-3.1

2015M05
0.6
0.0
0.6
-2.6

2015M06
0.3
0.1
-0.4
-2.8

2015M07
-0.2
-0.2
-0.5
-3.4

2015M08
0.2
-0.1
-1.4
-4.1

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
17.6

2014M11
17.8

2014M12
17.8

2015M01
17.5

2015M02
17.2

2015M03
16.8

2015M04
16.4

2015M05
16.1

2015M06
15.9

2015M07
15.6

2015M08
15.5

2015M09
:

45.3

14.9

2014Q2
-
2014Q2
0.2

2014M10
0.2
2.8
-
-
-1.0
0.7

45.3

15.2

2014Q3
-
2014Q3
1.8

2014M11
2.7
2.8
-
-
1.3
2.3

45.3

15.2

2014Q4
-
2014Q4
-0.9

2014M12
-0.2
5.3
-
-
-0.2
2.2

43.5

15.0

2015Q1
-
2015Q1
1.3

2015M01
-4.1
-4.9
-
-
0.8
3.4

43.5

14.7

2015Q2
-
2015Q2
0.1

2015M02
3.4
1.8
-
-
-0.5
1.8

43.5

14.3

43.5

13.9

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-4.1
1.2
-
-
1.1
3.7

2015M03
2.4
3.5
-
-
0.2
0.9

43.5

13.6

2014Q2
0.0
2014Q2
1.6

2015M05
2.7
4.4
-
-
0.2
4.7

43.5

13.5

2014Q3
-0.1
2014Q3
4.9

2015M06
-3.0
1.5
-
-
-0.7
2.1

:

:

13.2

13.1

2014Q4
-0.6
2014Q4
1.6

2015M07
3.5
3.9
-
-
1.5
6.1

2015Q1
2.3
2015Q1
2.2

2015M08
-4.1
2.7
-
-
:
:

:

:

2015Q2
3.3
2015Q2
2.2

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-6.2

81.7

-0.6

82.3

-6.8

85.1

-7.5

87.7

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

108.7

112.1

113.7

114.1

115.5

116.7

120.4

121.6

121.8

123.7

119.4

119.6

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Croatian kuna exchange rates 
against the euro 

%

%

Average

2014M10
:

2014M11
1.10

2014M12
1.09

2015M01
1.08

2015M02
1.12

2015M03
1.12

2015M04
1.01

2015M05
0.96

2015M06
0.94

2015M07
1.09

2015M08
1.16

2015M09
:

3.54

7.66

3.52

7.67

3.52

7.67

3.32

7.69

3.24

7.71

3.08

7.65

3.17

7.59

2.98

7.56

3.07

7.57

4.23

7.59

3.90

7.56

:

7.59

((1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

42

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Croatia

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Growth Rate (RT)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Index

125

120

115

110

105

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

19.0

18.0

17.0

16.0
16.0

15.0

14.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0
1.0

0.0

-1.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

4000

2000

0

-2000

-4000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Pound Sterling/€

7.80

7.70

7.60

7.50

7.40

7.30

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Pound Sterling exchange rates against the euro 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

43

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Italy

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.2

2014Q3
0.0

2014Q4
0.0

2015Q1
0.4

2015Q2
0.3

0.1

-0.8

0.1

-0.9

0.1

0.2

-0.1

1.2

0.4

-0.4

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-0.5

2014Q3
-0.4

2014Q4
-0.6

2015Q1
0.2

2015Q2
0.9

0.5

-3.6

0.4

-4.6

0.6

-3.0

0.2

0.2

0.5

0.6

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

3961.2

3872.2

4711.8

4283.2

4687.0

4231.2

4406.2

3860.9

3498.5

4348.9

mn euro

2622.8

2310.0

3366.9

2954.6

3313.6

2957.6

3048.6

2437.0

2258.9

3057.0

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

6345.0

10593.0

14402.0

909.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.3
0.2
-0.5
-1.5

2014M11
-0.2
0.3
-0.1
-1.5

2014M12
0.0
-0.1
-0.8
-2.1

2015M01
-2.5
-0.5
-1.7
-3.8

2015M02
0.3
0.1
0.6
-3.2

2015M03
2.1
0.0
0.0
-3.0

2015M04
0.4
-0.1
-0.2
-3.0

2015M05
0.2
0.2
0.3
-2.6

2015M06
0.2
0.2
-0.2
-3.0

2015M07
-2.0
0.3
-0.5
-3.0

2015M08
-0.1
0.4
-0.7
-3.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
12.9

2014M11
13.0

2014M12
12.4

2015M01
12.3

2015M02
12.3

2015M03
12.5

2015M04
12.3

2015M05
12.4

2015M06
12.5

2015M07
12.0

2015M08
11.9

2015M09
:

42.2

10.8

2014Q2
0.3
2014Q2
0.2

2014M10
0.1
-2.5
3.2
-4.4
0.1
0.3

42.8

10.8

2014Q3
0.1
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
0.3
-1.7
-4.1
-7.5
0.6
2.0

41.1

10.8

2014Q4
-0.1
2014Q4
0.1

2014M12
0.7
0.2
2.9
-4.9
-0.1
0.9

41.4

10.4

2015Q1
0.7
2015Q1
0.0

2015M01
-0.7
-2.2
1.0
-2.2
0.4
2.4

42.1

10.4

2015Q2
-0.9
2015Q2
0.3

2015M02
0.7
-0.1
-1.6
-1.4
-0.2
1.3

42.2

10.4

2015M03
0.5
1.4
-0.1
-3.7
0.3
1.8

41.7

42.0

43.0

40.4

40.7

:

:

:

:

:

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-0.2
0.1
0.1
-2.8
0.3
2.0

2014Q2
0.5
2014Q2
-0.1

2015M05
0.9
3.1
-0.7
-2.5
0.0
1.8

2014Q3
0.7
2014Q3
0.4

2015M06
-1.0
-0.3
-1.2
-2.4
0.1
1.2

2014Q4
-0.2
2014Q4
0.6

2015M07
1.1
2.7
0.3
-0.6
0.6
2.4

2015Q1
1.1
2015Q1
0.5

2015M08
:
:
:
:
:
:

:

:

2015Q2
-0.4
2015Q2
0.5

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

-1.0

-2.9

-2.3

-5.6

General government gross debt %

134.1

132.0

132.1

135.1

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

98.8

97.3

98.9

100.9

103.7

106.1

106.1

105.7

106.5

106.4

105.8

109.2

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

2.42

2.29

1.99

1.70

1.56

1.29

1.36

1.81

2.20

2.04

1.84

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days  
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

44

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Italy

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0
1 0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

Growth Rate (RT)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

115

110

105

100

95
95

90

85

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

13.5

13.0

12.5

12.0

11.5

Growth Rate 

Growth rate

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000
6000

4000

2000

0

%

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0
3.0

2.0

1.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

. 00
1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

45

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Cyprus

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.2

0.1

-36.0

2014Q3
-0.8

-0.3

35.0

2014Q4
-0.2

-0.1

-30.7

2015Q1
1.2

1.1

69.4

2015Q2
0.5

0.6

-26.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-1.7

2.3

-27.6

2014Q3
-2.1

1.0

-20.3

2014Q4
-1.9

0.1

-32.7

2015Q1
0.2

2015Q2
1.2

1.1

3.4

1.5

15.7

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

mn euro

-92.1

-60.9

-63.1

-24.9

-70.4

-106.6

-37.8

-42.9

-75.7

-47.3

-65.1

-112.3

-63.7

-101.9

-22.4

-45.9

-26.9

-53.0

-75.4

-41.9

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

221.0

-212.0

-116.0

-706.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.3
0.3
0.0
-1.4

2014M11
-1.6
0.0
-1.8
-1.6

2014M12
-1.5
-1.0
0.1
-1.2

2015M01
-0.9
-0.7
-1.5
-2.0

2015M02
0.5
-0.8
-0.2
-2.3

2015M03
0.7
-1.4
-3.1
-5.4

2015M04
0.3
-1.7
-0.5
-5.8

2015M05
1.1
-1.7
0.3
-6.2

2015M06
0.3
-2.1
-0.2
-6.2

2015M07
-0.6
-2.4
1.1
-6.3

2015M08
0.7
-1.9
0.0
-6.5

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (2)

Q/Q-1 % (2)

M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
16.3

2014M11
16.6

2014M12
16.5

2015M01
16.2

2015M02
16.3

2015M03
16.1

2015M04
15.6

2015M05
15.4

2015M06
15.3

2015M07
15.2

2015M08
15.3

2015M09
:

34.1

14.5

2014Q2
-0.7
2014Q2
-

2014M10
0.3
-0.7
-
-
-0.6
-1.6

34.1

14.7

2014Q3
-0.5
2014Q3
-

2014M11
-1.2
-0.7
-
-
1.4
1.9

34.1

14.6

2014Q4
-0.2
2014Q4
-

2014M12
0.8
-1.0
-
-
-2.0
-2.6

34.8

14.2

2015Q1
-0.1
2015Q1
-

2015M01
0.2
-1.3
-
-
3.3
5.0

34.8

14.3

2015Q2
-0.3
2015Q2
-

2015M02
1.6
1.0
-
-
-0.6
4.0

34.8

14.1

32.6

13.8

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
2.0
4.5
-
-
0.8
1.0

2015M03
0.3
-0.1
-
-
0.9
-0.6

32.6

13.6

2014Q2
-3.6
2014Q2
-1.5

2015M05
0.5
4.6
-
-
0.4
2.7

32.6

13.4

2014Q3
-3.0
2014Q3
-0.8

2015M06
-2.7
-0.9
-
-
-1.6
-2.0

:

:

13.3

13.3

2014Q4
-1.6
2014Q4
-1.6

2015M07
2.2
3.6
-
-
2.9
5.3

2015Q1
-1.2
2015Q1
0.0

2015M08
:
:
-
-
:
:

:

:

2015Q2
-1.2
2015Q2
0.3

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

0.4

4.8

-5.9

-0.4

General government gross debt %

109.8

104.7

107.5

106.8

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

Economic sentiment indicator (1)  

index

99.1

99.8

103.2

101.7

102.8

102.6

107.3

103.4

104.1

100.3

104.9

104.6

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

:

(1)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(2)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

46

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Cyprus

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0
3 0

-6.0

-9.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

90.0

60.0

30.0

0.0

-30.0

-60.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Index

110

105

100

95

90
90

85

80

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

%

18.0

17.0

16.0

15.0
15.0

14.0

13.0

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

4.0

2.0

0.0

2.0
-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

1.5
-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

-3.0

-3.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

0

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500
500

-600

-700

-800

€/$

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

47

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Latvia

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.5

2014Q3
0.5

2014Q4
0.5

2015Q1
0.4

2015Q2
1.2

0.3

-1.4

0.5

-1.7

0.6

1.5

0.6

0.7

0.7

1.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.3

2014Q3
2.4

2014Q4
2.1

2015Q1
1.9

2015Q2
2.7

2.3

1.8

2.1

-1.7

2.2

-0.6

2.6

-0.9

2.4

3.1

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (1)
External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

mn euro

81.3

118.1

27.5

68.9

24.1

59.9

26.2

67.6

8.6

49.7

25.2

35.7

51.5

82.0

13.1

64.0

17.5

46.5

38.7

83.8

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-224.0

-251.0

-88.0

-24.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.2
0.7
-0.4
-0.1

2014M11
-0.2
0.9
-0.3
-0.3

2014M12
-0.7
0.3
-0.1
0.5

2015M01
0.1
-0.3
0.4
-0.1

2015M02
0.4
0.0
-0.1
0.0

2015M03
0.8
0.5
-0.7
-0.4

2015M04
0.6
0.6
-0.1
-1.3

2015M05
0.8
1.2
-0.1
-0.3

2015M06
-0.1
0.7
0.1
-0.7

2015M07
-1.1
-0.2
-0.4
-1.5

2015M08
-0.4
0.2
-0.5
-2.1

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
10.7

2014M11
10.5

2014M12
10.1

2015M01
9.8

2015M02
9.8

2015M03
9.9

2015M04
9.5

2015M05
9.7

2015M06
10.0

2015M07
10.1

2015M08
9.9

2015M09
:

19.4

9.8

2014Q2
1.2
2014Q2
-0.6

2014M10
0.0
0.6
-
-
1.5
4.5

19.1

9.7

2014Q3
1.5
2014Q3
-1.5

2014M11
-2.0
-2.2
-
-
1.1
4.6

17.9

9.4

2014Q4
1.9
2014Q4
0.5

2014M12
0.1
-0.6
-
-
-1.1
3.1

16.4

9.2

2015Q1
2.4
2015Q1
1.5

2015M01
-2.6
-2.7
-
-
1.8
6.9

15.8

9.2

2015Q2
1.7
2015Q2
0.1

2015M02
0.9
-1.7
-
-
1.2
9.0

16.0

9.3

14.3

9.1

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.6
8.1
-
-
0.0
3.6

2015M03
10.9
8.7
-
-
0.5
6.4

15.1

9.2

2014Q2
5.9
2014Q2
-1.3

2015M05
-2.0
4.7
-
-
-0.9
5.0

15.3

9.6

2014Q3
5.0
2014Q3
-3.0

2015M06
-1.1
4.2
-
-
0.8
6.8

15.1

9.6

2014Q4
6.1
2014Q4
-1.2

2015M07
2.8
8.3
-
-
0.3
4.2

14.1

9.6

2015Q1
7.4
2015Q1
-0.1

2015M08
:
:
-
-
0.3
5.5

:

:

2015Q2
7.9
2015Q2
0.6

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

1.9

41.0

0.8

40.4

-10.7

40.0

1.4

35.0

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

102.8

104.1

103.0

102.7

101.9

103.6

104.2

103.5

101.9

102.5

103.7

101.5

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

2.18

1.77

1.63

1.10

0.78

0.56

0.42

0.84

1.28

1.25

0.96

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

48

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Latvia

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

-5.0

-10.0

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

110

105

100

95

90

85

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

11.5

11.0

10.5

10.0

9.5

9.0

Growth Rate 
3.0

Growth Rate
1.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

0.5

0.0

0.5
-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

150

100

50

0
0

-50

-100

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

%

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

€/$

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

49

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Lithuania

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
8.1

2014Q3
9.5

2014Q4
-5.7

6.7

23.4

5.1

13.5

1.2

-3.8

2015Q1
-9.3

-7.8

-19.8

2015Q2
8.3

7.1

29.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
3.8

2014Q3
2.6

2014Q4
1.7

2015Q1
0.0

2015Q2
0.7

4.8

5.0

3.0

3.1

4.6

1.6

4.8

6.3

7.3

14.6

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

195.1

184.9

132.0

16.9

6.4

-37.3

-7.5

-5.7

-57.2

31.0

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-28.1

164.6

-36.8

-413.2

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
0.3
-0.7
-5.7

2014M11
-0.1
0.4
-1.5
-7.0

2014M12
-0.6
-0.1
-1.9
-8.2

2015M01
-1.3
-1.4
-3.0
-10.5

2015M02
-0.1
-1.5
0.6
-9.1

2015M03
0.8
-1.1
-0.3
-9.1

2015M04
0.7
-0.6
0.3
-8.7

2015M05
0.6
-0.1
-0.3
-7.9

2015M06
-0.2
-0.2
-1.3
-8.4

2015M07
-0.5
-0.2
-0.2
-8.3

2015M08
-0.9
-1.0
-1.9
-9.8

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
10.3

2014M11
10.1

2014M12
10.0

2015M01
9.5

2015M02
9.3

2015M03
9.1

2015M04
9.5

2015M05
9.5

2015M06
9.5

2015M07
9.6

2015M08
9.6

2015M09
:

18.6

9.4

2014Q2
2.2
2014Q2
-1.1

2014M10
5.6
2.5
-
-
0.4
5.5

18.5

9.3

2014Q3
0.3
2014Q3
1.6

2014M11
-1.0
5.3
-
-
0.6
5.6

18.4

9.2

2014Q4
1.9
2014Q4
0.2

2014M12
-2.8
2.7
-
-
0.6
6.1

17.5

8.7

2015Q1
1.1
2015Q1
0.6

2015M01
-3.6
0.6
-
-
-1.1
2.6

17.2

8.5

2015Q2
0.9
2015Q2
-0.1

2015M02
6.1
5.6
-
-
1.5
5.4

16.9

8.3

18.2

8.7

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
3.5
3.0
-
-
-0.1
5.3

2015M03
-4.1
6.2
-
-
1.5
5.7

18.4

8.6

2014Q2
5.0
2014Q2
0.9

2015M05
1.9
3.2
-
-
1.0
5.0

18.6

8.7

2014Q3
3.0
2014Q3
3.0

2015M06
0.7
7.6
-
-
1.0
7.7

19.4

8.7

2014Q4
5.2
2014Q4
1.9

2015M07
0.4
6.6
-
-
-0.1
5.4

18.9

8.7

2015Q1
5.9
2015Q1
1.7

2015M08
-3.5
5.7
-
-
-0.1
5.4

:

:

2015Q2
4.3
2015Q2
2.1

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-2.6

38.6

2.9

38.1

-1.0

40.8

-2.9

38.1

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

104.4

105.1

101.8

101.2

102.7

104.9

104.9

102.4

102.1

103.8

103.1

104.8

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

2.27

2.17

1.90

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

50

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Lithuania

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

12.0

8.0

4.0

0.0

-4.0
4 0

-8.0

-12.0

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

-10.0

-20.0

115

110

105

100

95
95

90

85

Growth Rate (RT)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

11.0

10.5

10.0

9.5

9.0

8.5

8.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

1

1

0

-1

-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

-4

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

300

200

100

0

-100

-200
200

-300

-400

-500

%

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Lithuanian Litas/€

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Lithuanian Litas exchange rates against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

51

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Luxembourg

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.2

0.6

-15.8

2014Q3
2.2

2014Q4
2.2

2015Q1
0.7

2015Q2
:

-0.6

11.9

2.0

4.5

-2.9

1.4

:

:

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
3.2

2.8

-10.4

2014Q3
5.2

2014Q4
8.5

2015Q1
4.9

2015Q2
:

2.1

0.2

3.4

16.1

-1.0

-0.1

:

:

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-190.1

-90.8

-119.6

-157.9

-173.6

-429.8

-249.8

-120.2

-224.2

-160.0

mn euro

-244.8

-163.5

-173.6

-229.8

-242.8

-489.0

-347.0

-227.1

-312.3

-237.4

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

970.0

835.0

524.0

637.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.3
0.4
0.2
-3.2

2014M11
-0.4
0.2
0.0
-4.0

2014M12
-0.9
-0.9
0.0
-3.4

2015M01
-1.1
-1.1
-0.7
0.1

2015M02
2.0
-0.3
0.4
1.1

2015M03
0.4
0.1
-0.1
1.1

2015M04
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8

2015M05
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.7

2015M06
0.2
0.5
-0.1
0.6

2015M07
-1.3
0.2
-0.7
0.6

2015M08
0.8
0.1
-0.4
-1.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
6.1

2014M11
6.1

2014M12
6.1

2015M01
6.0

2015M02
6.0

2015M03
5.9

2015M04
5.9

2015M05
5.9

2015M06
5.9

2015M07
5.9

2015M08
5.9

2015M09
:

21.4

5.0

2014Q2
1.4
2014Q2
0.6

2014M10
-1.2
2.2
-0.5
-0.9
-1.4
0.6

21.9

5.0

2014Q3
-0.3
2014Q3
0.6

2014M11
2.6
7.1
0.4
0.4
-0.9
-1.1

21.8

5.0

2014Q4
-1.1
2014Q4
0.6

2014M12
3.4
6.5
0.9
-1.1
2.5
7.9

19.3

5.0

2015Q1
1.2
2015Q1
0.6

2015M01
-5.0
3.8
1.0
-3.4
-7.1
-13.8

19.3

5.0

2015Q2
1.1
2015Q2
:

2015M02
2.4
3.9
-3.7
-9.4
-0.3
-13.8

18.7

4.9

18.5

4.9

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-1.6
2.5
-2.8
-1.2
-3.3
-15.7

2015M03
0.0
2.9
3.8
2.4
1.3
-7.9

18.3

4.9

2014Q2
4.9
2014Q2
2.3

2015M05
-1.5
-1.1
-4.6
-5.6
0.9
-11.4

18.0

4.9

2014Q3
3.5
2014Q3
2.4

2015M06
1.6
1.8
3.5
3.1
0.7
-7.0

18.3

4.9

2014Q4
0.1
2014Q4
2.5

2015M07
0.4
0.7
1.2
4.1
-2.3
-10.5

18.5

4.9

2015Q1
0.7
2015Q1
2.4

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-1.5
-12.6

:

:

2015Q2
1.2
2015Q2
:

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

2.9

22.4

-1.7

22.1

0.6

22.1

-0.6

21.6

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

91.3

90.6

93.6

93.7

92.3

90.0

92.0

96.4

94.4

94.6

95.5

95.0

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government 
bond yields ** 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

0.87

0.75

0.65

0.47

0.40

0.16

0.06

0.42

0.65

0.56

0.45

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days  
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 
** “Due to the fact that the Luxembourg Government does not have outstanding long-term debt securities with a residual maturity of close to ten years, the indicator is based on a basket of long-
term bonds. This basket has an average residual maturity of close to ten years. The bonds are issued by a private credit institution and the indicator is thus not fully harmonised” source ECB

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

52

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Graph 2: Demand

Index

100

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

20.0

Luxembourg

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

-9.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

95

90

85

80

75

10.0

0.0

-10.0

-20.0

Growth Rate (RT)

8.0

4.0

0.0

-4.0

-8.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

3

2

2

1

1

0
0

-1

-1

-2

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

%

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00
1.00

0.50

0.00

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200
1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

53

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Hungary

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
1.2

2014Q3
0.6

2014Q4
0.7

2015Q1
0.7

2015Q2
0.5

0.8

-0.3

-0.3

0.6

1.1

-0.6

0.9

-0.3

0.8

2.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
4.1

2014Q3
3.3

2014Q4
3.3

2015Q1
3.5

2015Q2
2.7

2.4

18.8

0.9

13.2

1.8

1.9

2.6

-6.7

2.9

5.2

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-286.2

-185.3

-193.0

-150.2

-239.4

-198.2

-253.9

-293.6

-145.8

-211.0

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

468.7

1569.2

689.6

2260.3

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.1
-0.3
-0.6
-1.7

2014M11
-0.4
0.1
-0.7
-1.2

2014M12
-0.7
-0.8
-0.8
-2.5

2015M01
-0.2
-1.4
-2.0
-4.4

2015M02
0.5
-1.0
0.0
-4.6

2015M03
0.6
-0.5
0.8
-3.4

2015M04
0.4
0.0
-0.4
-3.6

2015M05
0.7
0.6
1.6
-1.2

2015M06
0.2
0.7
0.5
-1.1

2015M07
0.0
0.5
-0.6
-1.8

2015M08
-0.6
0.1
-1.2
-3.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
7.3

2014M11
7.3

2014M12
7.3

2015M01
7.4

2015M02
7.4

2015M03
7.3

2015M04
7.1

2015M05
7.0

2015M06
6.9

2015M07
6.8

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

19.3

6.4

2014Q2
1.6
2014Q2
0.9

2014M10
-2.5
1.8
2.9
13.9
0.8
5.2

18.6

6.4

2014Q3
0.1
2014Q3
0.8

2014M11
3.2
5.7
-1.9
5.5
0.7
5.1

18.9

6.4

2014Q4
1.2
2014Q4
0.1

2014M12
-1.2
5.2
-4.2
-1.1
0.5
5.7

18.8

6.5

2015Q1
0.8
2015Q1
1.4

2015M01
4.9
9.2
6.2
9.3
1.5
8.7

19.2

6.5

2015Q2
0.9
2015Q2
0.1

2015M02
-0.8
5.9
2.1
3.7
-0.1
6.5

19.3

6.4

18.6

6.1

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.1
6.5
-2.7
9.2
0.1
5.0

2015M03
2.5
9.0
7.6
13.9
-0.1
5.2

18.6

6.0

2014Q2
4.4
2014Q2
3.2

2015M05
-0.2
6.5
-3.4
1.6
0.5
5.4

17.9

6.0

2014Q3
3.2
2014Q3
3.5

2015M06
1.2
6.0
0.4
10.2
0.6
6.2

17.7

5.9

2014Q4
3.4
2014Q4
2.4

2015M07
-0.7
3.4
-3.0
0.2
0.5
6.8

:

:

2015Q1
3.5
2015Q1
3.4

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.2
4.7

:

:

2015Q2
3.1
2015Q2
2.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-3.5

82.7

-1.7

80.1

-2.1

76.9

-2.2

77.6

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

117.5

116.9

116.1

113.4

113.7

114.0

113.7

113.9

113.9

113.5

114.2

117.5

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Hungarian forint exchange rates 
against the euro

%

%

2014M10
:

2014M11
2.04

2014M12
2.06

2015M01
1.98

2015M02
1.85

2015M03
1.82

2015M04
1.64

2015M05
1.42

2015M06
1.57

2015M07
1.26

2015M08
1.14

2015M09
:

4.21

3.70

3.62

3.18

3.07

3.29

3.28

3.59

3.86

3.72

3.61

:

Average

307.85

306.89

310.83

316.50

306.88

303.45

299.43

306.33

311.96

311.53

311.61

313.14

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

54

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Hungary

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

130

120

110

100

90

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

3000

2000

1000

0

-1000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Hungarian forin/€

320

305

290

275
275

260

245

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Hungarian forint exchange rates against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

55

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Malta

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.9

1.2

-16.0

2014Q3
1.4

2014Q4
1.3

2015Q1
0.8

2015Q2
1.1

0.9

0.8

0.8

24.0

0.7

-4.4

0.3

4.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.8

2014Q3
3.1

2014Q4
4.8

2015Q1
4.9

2015Q2
5.2

3.3

1.6

3.0

4.3

3.5

15.1

4.6

0.3

2.8

24.3

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-207.6

-148.0

mn euro

-173.0

-121.3

-52.4

-15.6

-15.1

-214.6

-133.4

24.4

-190.9

-92.2

23.4

73.9

-112.0

-138.4

-103.1

-58.0

-85.0

-64.6

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

:

:

:

:

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.6
0.7
-0.1
-1.7

2014M11
-2.2
0.6
0.0
-1.8

2014M12
-0.1
0.4
0.0
-1.8

2015M01
-1.1
0.8
0.4
-2.1

2015M02
0.5
0.6
0.2
-1.8

2015M03
0.9
0.5
0.1
-1.8

2015M04
2.8
1.4
-4.4
-4.0

2015M05
0.9
1.3
0.1
-3.9

2015M06
1.0
1.1
-0.1
-4.0

2015M07
0.0
1.2
0.0
-3.9

2015M08
0.3
1.4
-0.1
-4.0

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
6.0

2014M11
6.1

2014M12
6.0

2015M01
6.1

2015M02
6.0

2015M03
5.8

2015M04
5.5

2015M05
5.4

2015M06
5.3

2015M07
5.2

2015M08
5.1

2015M09
:

11.4

5.0

2014Q2
0.1
2014Q2
-

2014M10
3.2
4.9
-
-
0.5
-1.5

11.6

5.1

2014Q3
1.8
2014Q3
-

2014M11
-2.4
-2.2
-
-
1.4
3.5

11.1

5.1

2014Q4
0.6
2014Q4
-

2014M12
-3.0
-5.1
-
-
0.7
4.5

11.2

5.2

2015Q1
-0.2
2015Q1
-

2015M01
7.2
9.4
-
-
0.3
4.7

11.2

5.1

2015Q2
0.5
2015Q2
-

2015M02
-1.3
3.5
-
-
-0.8
4.5

11.3

4.8

11.8

4.5

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.5
9.1
-
-
-2.4
1.2

2015M03
0.2
0.6
-
-
3.1
13.0

12.4

4.3

2014Q2
2.1
2014Q2
5.0

2015M05
1.8
10.8
-
-
1.1
4.2

12.7

4.2

2014Q3
2.4
2014Q3
4.5

2015M06
1.4
5.1
-
-
-0.6
2.2

12.9

4.0

2014Q4
4.3
2014Q4
4.2

2015M07
-1.8
7.7
-
-
0.8
4.9

13.1

3.9

2015Q1
2.6
2015Q1
3.7

2015M08
:
:
-
-
-0.3
5.3

:

:

2015Q2
2.7
2015Q2
2.3

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-3.7

74.8

-2.0

72.2

4.2

68.5

-8.8

70.3

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

115.6

110.8

110.6

114.7

117.9

115.6

118.2

117.5

114.0

113.2

111.3

114.1

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

2.18

2.11

1.94

1.69

1.50

1.31

1.15

1.50

1.79

1.78

1.57

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

56

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Malta

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0
3 0

-6.0

-9.0

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

30.0

15.0

0.0

-15.0

125.0

120.0

115.0

110.0

105.0
105 0

100.0

Growth Rate (RT)

8.0

4.0

0.0

-4.0

-8.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

95.0

-30.0

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

6.6

6.2

5.8

5.4

5.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

100

50

0

-50

-100

-150

-200

-250

%

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0
2 0

1.5

1.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200
1 200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

57

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Netherlands

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.5

2014Q3
0.4

2014Q4
0.9

2015Q1
0.6

2015Q2
0.2

0.3

-1.1

0.1

2.5

0.8

3.7

0.6

2.6

0.3

3.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.2

2014Q3
1.2

2014Q4
1.6

2015Q1
2.5

2015Q2
1.8

0.0

2.2

0.1

2.5

0.7

4.4

1.7

8.1

1.6

12.5

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-6373.8

-6072.4

-5665.6

-5817.8

-6409.5

-7406.4

-7918.9

-7285.6

-6197.9

-5845.5

mn euro

-9266.2

-9001.5

-9048.1

-9105.7 -10190.1 -10967.8 -11458.1 -11013.1

-9884.8

-9275.0

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

17931.0

17847.0

15386.0

21242.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.1
0.4
-0.8
-3.0

2014M11
-0.7
0.3
-1.0
-4.4

2014M12
-0.2
-0.1
-3.3
-7.8

2015M01
-1.2
-0.7
-3.5
-10.8

2015M02
0.8
-0.5
1.7
-9.0

2015M03
1.3
-0.3
1.5
-6.4

2015M04
0.8
0.0
0.5
-5.7

2015M05
0.2
0.7
-0.2
-5.5

2015M06
-0.6
0.5
0.1
-5.6

2015M07
0.7
0.8
-0.2
-5.3

2015M08
-0.5
0.4
-2.4
-7.3

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (2)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
7.1

2014M11
7.1

2014M12
7.2

2015M01
7.2

2015M02
7.1

2015M03
7.0

2015M04
7.0

2015M05
6.9

2015M06
6.9

2015M07
6.8

2015M08
6.8

2015M09
:

12.0

6.2

2014Q2
0.5
2014Q2
0.1

2014M10
-0.8
-1.7
4.0
10.8
1.0
1.5

11.9

6.3

2014Q3
0.7
2014Q3
0.1

2014M11
0.7
-3.9
0.4
9.8
0.8
2.8

11.8

6.4

2014Q4
1.1
2014Q4
0.4

2014M12
0.7
-1.6
-0.6
7.3
0.4
1.8

11.7

6.4

2015Q1
-1.4
2015Q1
0.0

2015M01
2.1
4.2
1.4
6.9
0.3
2.5

11.0

6.4

2015Q2
0.1
2015Q2
:

2015M02
0.6
6.1
0.2
4.4
0.4
3.2

10.8

6.3

10.9

6.3

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-0.8
-4.2
-1.0
6.4
0.0
1.9

2015M03
-4.4
1.5
3.1
13.2
-0.3
2.3

11.1

6.1

2014Q2
2.2
2014Q2
-0.3

2015M05
-5.6
-7.3
2.7
14.3
-0.1
1.8

11.1

6.1

2014Q3
1.9
2014Q3
-0.3

2015M06
4.6
-1.8
1.7
15.8
0.6
3.3

11.3

5.9

2014Q4
4.3
2014Q4
0.7

2015M07
0.0
-4.4
-0.9
12.9
-0.2
2.3

11.2

5.9

2015Q1
0.8
2015Q1
0.6

2015M08
:
:
:
:
:
:

:

:

2015Q2
0.4
2015Q2
0.8

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-4.4

68.6

-3.8

68.0

0.0

67.9

-0.1

68.9

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

103.3

103.5

103.4

102.2

101.7

102.6

103.5

104.4

104.8

105.2

104.9

106.1

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.03

0.93

0.78

0.52

0.42

0.33

0.31

0.75

1.05

0.99

0.85

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

58

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Netherlands

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

10.0

5.0

0.0

-5.0

-10.0

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

115

110

105

100

95

Growth Rate (RT)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0

-5000

-10000

-15000

%

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0
1 0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200
1 200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

59

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Austria

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
-0.3

2014Q3
0.0

2014Q4
-0.2

2015Q1
0.7

2015Q2
0.1

-0.6

-0.2

0.4

-0.8

-0.1

-0.2

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
0.5

2014Q3
0.3

2014Q4
-0.2

2015Q1
0.4

2015Q2
0.5

0.0

0.8

0.2

-2.0

0.3

-1.5

0.0

-1.4

0.3

-1.0

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

1025.8

1380.2

1140.9

1171.8

1114.0

1365.1

1318.2

1360.1

1317.3

1123.5

mn euro

564.0

960.2

714.1

635.2

603.0

854.7

776.3

863.0

767.2

639.9

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-900.0

270.0

2135.0

4176.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
1.4
-0.2
-1.4

2014M11
0.1
1.5
-0.2
-1.6

2014M12
0.0
0.8
-0.6
-2.0

2015M01
-1.4
0.5
-0.8
-2.6

2015M02
0.3
0.5
0.5
-1.8

2015M03
1.4
0.9
-0.1
-1.5

2015M04
0.1
0.9
-0.1
-1.6

2015M05
0.2
1.0
-0.1
-1.6

2015M06
0.0
1.0
-0.1
-1.7

2015M07
-0.5
1.1
-0.2
-1.8

2015M08
-0.2
0.9
-0.4
-1.9

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
5.6

2014M11
5.7

2014M12
5.7

2015M01
5.6

2015M02
5.5

2015M03
5.6

2015M04
5.9

2015M05
6.0

2015M06
5.9

2015M07
5.8

2015M08
5.7

2015M09
:

10.5

4.9

2014Q2
1.8
2014Q2
0.2

2014M10
0.4
0.4
-1.2
-6.0
-1.4
-0.1

10.4

4.9

2014Q3
0.3
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
-0.7
-0.6
1.0
-3.0
-0.1
-2.0

9.7

5.1

2014Q4
-0.2
2014Q4
0.2

2014M12
2.4
2.0
0.1
-4.1
1.3
1.4

8.9

5.1

2015Q1
1.1
2015Q1
0.2

2015M01
0.6
0.8
3.3
-1.9
0.8
2.3

9.1

4.9

2015Q2
0.5
2015Q2
0.2

2015M02
0.3
2.2
-3.6
-5.2
0.5
2.2

10.1

4.9

10.5

5.2

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-0.4
1.0
-1.1
-1.8
0.4
1.6

2015M03
-0.8
3.0
1.6
-2.2
-1.0
1.2

10.7

5.3

2014Q2
3.9
2014Q2
1.0

2015M05
-0.1
1.7
-2.5
-2.9
-1.1
0.8

10.6

5.1

2014Q3
3.0
2014Q3
0.8

2015M06
0.7
0.2
-0.1
-3.4
1.8
1.9

10.9

5.0

2014Q4
2.4
2014Q4
0.8

2015M07
1.5
3.6
-2.3
-5.2
-0.5
2.2

10.8

5.0

2015Q1
3.0
2015Q1
0.6

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.7
-0.2

:

:

2015Q2
1.8
2015Q2
0.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-0.4

82.3

1.1

80.8

-3.3

84.6

-5.3

84.9

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

96.2

96.4

93.4

95.6

91.9

94.2

93.4

94.5

95.3

96.6

98.5

98.2

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.10

0.98

0.81

0.54

0.44

0.37

0.29

0.73

1.06

1.08

0.96

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days  
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

60

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Austria

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

110

100

90

80

70

60

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5
0 5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

%

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

61

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Poland

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.7

2014Q3
0.9

2014Q4
0.8

2015Q1
1.0

2015Q2
0.9

0.9

2.5

0.9

1.8

0.7

2.1

1.0

2.2

0.8

1.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
3.3

2014Q3
3.5

2014Q4
3.1

2015Q1
3.7

2015Q2
3.6

3.0

8.8

3.5

9.4

3.1

8.3

3.7

11.4

3.4

6.4

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-1354.5

-1187.3

-1028.6

-1055.1

-851.2

-950.9

-1734.4

-922.9

-1195.2

-1502.1

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-606.3

-1779.8

-1645.8

1646.5

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
-0.3
-0.6
-1.5

2014M11
-0.2
-0.3
-0.6
-1.9

2014M12
-0.2
-0.6
-1.2
-3.1

2015M01
-0.3
-1.0
-0.4
-3.6

2015M02
-0.1
-1.3
0.3
-3.1

2015M03
0.2
-1.2
0.4
-2.6

2015M04
0.4
-0.9
-0.1
-2.5

2015M05
0.1
-0.6
0.2
-2.1

2015M06
0.1
-0.6
0.4
-1.7

2015M07
-0.1
-0.5
-0.4
-2.1

2015M08
-0.2
-0.4
-0.8
-3.0

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
8.4

2014M11
8.3

2014M12
8.2

2015M01
8.0

2015M02
7.9

2015M03
7.7

2015M04
7.6

2015M05
7.5

2015M06
7.4

2015M07
7.3

2015M08
7.2

2015M09
:

22.5

7.2

2014Q2
1.3
2014Q2
-

2014M10
0.4
2.0
-0.6
-1.2
1.5
1.9

22.0

7.1

2014Q3
0.1
2014Q3
-

2014M11
0.1
0.7
3.2
-1.3
1.4
2.3

21.6

7.0

2014Q4
1.1
2014Q4
-

2014M12
2.2
6.2
-0.4
3.9
0.3
3.1

21.7

6.8

2015Q1
1.5
2015Q1
-

2015M01
0.3
4.2
0.3
3.8
2.6
6.8

21.6

6.7

2015Q2
-0.1
2015Q2
-

2015M02
1.0
5.2
3.9
-0.2
0.0
7.6

21.5

6.6

21.3

6.4

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-2.0
2.5
0.1
8.6
-1.3
6.5

2015M03
0.6
6.7
0.9
1.0
2.3
9.2

20.7

6.4

2014Q2
3.6
2014Q2
1.6

2015M05
0.9
5.1
-5.9
4.2
1.8
10.0

19.8

6.3

2014Q3
2.3
2014Q3
1.9

2015M06
0.4
5.1
-3.6
-4.7
-1.1
8.2

19.3

6.3

2014Q4
2.8
2014Q4
1.6

2015M07
-0.2
3.9
2.4
-0.5
-1.1
5.6

19.0

6.2

2015Q1
4.6
2015Q1
1.6

2015M08
-1.3
3.1
0.6
2.3
0.8
5.7

:

:

2015Q2
2.4
2015Q2
1.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-3.0

48.7

-2.6

49.0

-6.3

50.1

0.3

50.8

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

99.3

99.3

99.7

98.8

99.1

98.7

100.0

98.5

98.3

97.6

98.4

97.7

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
New Polish Zloty exchange rates 
against the euro

%

%

Average

2014M10
:

2014M11
2.03

2014M12
2.06

2015M01
2.03

2015M02
1.92

2015M03
1.67

2015M04
1.65

2015M05
1.67

2015M06
1.70

2015M07
1.72

2015M08
1.72

2015M09
:

2.72

4.21

2.54

4.21

2.55

4.22

2.21

4.28

2.20

4.18

2.33

4.13

2.37

4.02

2.82

4.08

3.19

4.16

3.16

4.15

2.88

4.20

:

4.22

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

62

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Poland

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0
1 0

0.0

-1.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

120

110

100

90

80

70

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

10.0

9.5

9.0

8.5
8.5

8.0

7.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0

-1.0

-2.0

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

-1.2

-1.4

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

2000

1500

1000

500

0

-500
500

-1000

-1500

-2000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

Polish Zloty/€

4.70

4.45

4.20

3.95

3.70

3.45

3.20

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Polish Zloty exchange rates against the euro 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

63

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Portugal

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.5

2014Q3
0.2

2014Q4
0.4

2015Q1
0.5

2015Q2
0.5

0.3

4.7

1.4

0.4

0.1

1.2

0.7

2.3

1.1

1.1

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.1

2014Q3
1.4

2014Q4
0.3

2015Q1
1.6

2015Q2
1.6

2.1

4.6

2.7

3.4

1.9

2.2

2.8

8.5

3.2

6.0

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

mn euro

194.0

114.5

9.6

-50.4

146.8

191.7

100.2

-49.3

-106.0

126.7

-56.2

-119.9

67.8

80.9

43.8

-83.9

-184.3

76.0

86.2

-22.1

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

90.0

1214.0

492.0

-119.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
0.1
-0.8
-1.1

2014M11
-0.4
0.1
-0.7
-1.2

2014M12
0.0
-0.3
-2.0
-3.5

2015M01
-1.5
-0.4
-0.8
-4.2

2015M02
0.0
-0.1
0.9
-3.4

2015M03
1.9
0.4
0.9
-2.4

2015M04
0.4
0.5
0.1
-2.4

2015M05
0.5
1.0
0.7
-1.7

2015M06
-0.1
0.8
-0.1
-1.8

2015M07
-0.7
0.7
-0.4
-2.5

2015M08
-0.1
0.7
-0.8
-3.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (2)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
13.5

2014M11
13.5

2014M12
13.6

2015M01
13.7

2015M02
13.5

2015M03
13.2

2015M04
12.8

2015M05
12.4

2015M06
12.3

2015M07
12.3

2015M08
12.4

2015M09
:

32.9

12.0

2014Q2
0.6
2014Q2
0.5

2014M10
2.8
0.9
-0.2
-5.4
-1.3
1.3

33.4

12.0

2014Q3
-0.2
2014Q3
1.1

2014M11
0.0
-0.9
0.0
-5.6
0.8
-0.6

33.9

12.0

2014Q4
-2.4
2014Q4
-0.8

2014M12
-1.8
-0.8
0.0
-3.2
-0.2
2.0

34.4

12.1

2015Q1
2.9
2015Q1
0.7

2015M01
1.8
-0.8
0.2
-0.7
4.3
3.4

33.1

11.9

2015Q2
0.1
2015Q2
0.9

2015M02
-0.9
-1.7
-1.4
-3.7
-0.3
3.1

32.4

11.7

31.6

11.3

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
2.4
-0.7
-2.5
-4.2
0.9
3.7

2015M03
0.5
3.6
2.5
2.3
-3.3
2.0

31.0

11.0

2014Q2
1.4
2014Q2
1.6

2015M05
1.5
3.6
0.2
-1.4
0.0
1.7

31.7

10.8

2014Q3
-1.0
2014Q3
1.9

2015M06
-1.6
2.7
-0.7
-1.6
0.2
2.9

31.2

10.8

2014Q4
-8.7
2014Q4
0.7

2015M07
1.9
3.0
0.4
-1.8
1.0
1.7

31.8

10.9

2015Q1
4.5
2015Q1
1.4

2015M08
-0.5
1.3
:
:
1.5
0.6

:

:

2015Q2
1.2
2015Q2
1.9

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

-6.6

-3.0

-2.4

-5.8

General government gross debt %

130.8

132.2

130.2

129.6

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

103.1

102.3

102.5

102.4

101.9

103.2

106.0

103.6

105.0

104.9

103.4

103.4

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

3.21

3.13

2.81

2.49

2.32

1.74

1.87

2.41

2.93

2.74

2.52

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

64

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Portugal

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

110

100

90

80

70

60

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

15.0

14.5

14.0

13.5

13.0

12.5

12.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

-9.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5
-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

2000

1500

1000

500

0

-500

-1000

-1500

%

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0
4 0

2.0

0.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

1.200
1 200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

65

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Romania

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.2

2014Q3
1.3

2014Q4
0.9

2015Q1
1.4

2015Q2
0.1

0.6

2.8

0.8

1.1

1.2

0.9

2.5

3.2

0.6

2.8

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.5

2014Q3
3.0

2014Q4
2.7

2015Q1
4.3

2015Q2
3.3

3.7

-8.6

4.0

-1.0

4.2

1.4

4.8

8.3

5.8

7.9

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

114.5

72.7

96.0

168.6

85.7

-175.4

46.4

39.8

-29.5

11.6

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-591.1

73.6

134.0

537.6

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.2
1.8
-0.1
0.5

2014M11
-0.2
1.5
-0.2
0.5

2014M12
-0.1
1.0
-0.9
-0.4

2015M01
0.3
0.5
0.0
-1.0

2015M02
0.4
0.4
0.2
-0.6

2015M03
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.0

2015M04
0.2
0.6
-0.7
-2.4

2015M05
0.6
1.3
0.1
-2.2

2015M06
-2.5
-0.9
0.1
-1.8

2015M07
-0.5
-1.4
-0.5
-1.9

2015M08
-0.6
-1.7
-0.6
-2.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (1)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
6.7

2014M11
6.7

2014M12
6.6

2015M01
6.9

2015M02
6.9

2015M03
6.8

2015M04
6.8

2015M05
6.8

2015M06
6.8

2015M07
6.8

2015M08
6.8

2015M09
:

23.6

5.3

2014Q2
1.3
2014Q2
-

2014M10
0.5
3.7
-5.9
-11.5
0.5
4.0

23.6

5.4

2014Q3
1.9
2014Q3
-

2014M11
-0.2
2.7
5.4
1.7
2.3
6.9

23.6

5.2

2014Q4
2.7
2014Q4
-

2014M12
0.1
3.2
7.0
15.0
0.4
6.0

23.3

5.5

2015Q1
0.7
2015Q1
-

2015M01
1.1
4.0
-6.4
10.0
1.2
7.3

23.3

5.5

2015Q2
2.4
2015Q2
-

2015M02
0.2
3.7
4.2
16.5
-1.6
3.7

23.3

5.4

22.3

5.6

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-0.2
4.4
-3.8
11.0
3.1
8.1

2015M03
0.2
2.0
3.6
12.5
-0.5
-0.7

22.3

5.6

2014Q2
4.9
2014Q2
0.4

2015M05
-0.1
1.9
-4.2
3.2
-0.4
4.4

22.3

5.6

2014Q3
5.2
2014Q3
1.5

2015M06
0.8
3.2
4.2
13.4
2.3
8.2

:

5.6

2014Q4
7.9
2014Q4
0.8

2015M07
0.6
3.8
1.4
15.1
1.2
9.8

:

5.6

2015Q1
7.1
2015Q1
-1.7

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.2
8.5

:

:

2015Q2
7.7
2015Q2
-1.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-0.9

38.0

1.9

38.3

-5.4

39.8

2.0

38.4

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (1)  

index

101.5

101.6

101.8

102.3

102.6

102.2

103.0

103.2

103.8

104.7

104.5

104.5

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
New Romanian leu exchange 
rates against the euro

%

%

Average

2014M10
:

2014M11
1.57

2014M12
1.45

2015M01
1.34

2015M02
1.18

2015M03
1.12

2015M04
1.19

2015M05
1.12

2015M06
1.03

2015M07
1.06

2015M08
1.12

2015M09
:

3.90

4.42

3.66

4.43

3.68

4.46

3.14

4.49

2.83

4.43

3.01

4.43

3.25

4.42

3.45

4.45

3.84

4.47

3.99

4.44

3.86

4.42

:

4.42

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing dat
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

66

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Romania

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Graph 3: Labour

Growth Rate

%

7.6

7.3

7.0

6.7
6.7

6.4

6.1

110

105

100

95

90

85

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

Growth Rate (RT)

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate
1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5
1 5

-2.0

-2.5

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro
1000

500

0

-500

-1000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

%

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0
2.0

1.0

0.0

Romenian leu/€

4.60

4.50

4.40

4.30
4.30

4.20

4.10

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Romanian leu exchange rates against the euro 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

67

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Slovenia

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
1.1

2014Q3
0.7

2014Q4
0.4

2015Q1
0.7

2015Q2
0.7

-0.1

1.1

-0.3

0.7

0.2

-4.2

0.7

3.8

0.9

-1.6

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
3.3

2014Q3
3.6

2014Q4
2.8

2015Q1
2.8

2015Q2
2.6

0.9

6.0

0.8

6.6

-0.1

-4.1

0.5

1.6

1.8

-1.5

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

mn euro

80.2

89.7

122.0

114.0

72.0

107.5

63.0

121.8

86.3

121.4

-96.6

-113.0

-69.9

-53.0

-119.8

-84.5

-106.9

-66.7

-90.8

-64.7

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

667.0

702.0

733.0

441.0

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
0.1
0.0
-1.0

2014M11
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.9

2014M12
-0.7
-0.1
0.1
-0.6

2015M01
-1.2
-0.7
0.0
-0.6

2015M02
0.2
-0.5
-0.5
-0.4

2015M03
0.9
-0.4
0.3
0.0

2015M04
0.1
-0.7
0.0
0.0

2015M05
0.7
-0.8
0.1
0.1

2015M06
-0.1
-0.9
0.0
-0.2

2015M07
-0.7
-0.7
0.0
-0.2

2015M08
0.0
-0.6
-0.2
-0.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
9.5

2014M11
9.4

2014M12
9.3

2015M01
9.2

2015M02
9.2

2015M03
9.3

2015M04
9.5

2015M05
9.6

2015M06
9.6

2015M07
9.5

2015M08
9.4

2015M09
:

19.0

8.7

2014Q2
0.0
2014Q2
0.3

2014M10
2.2
3.6
-0.3
-1.8
-2.4
-1.0

19.0

8.6

2014Q3
1.2
2014Q3
0.3

2014M11
-0.6
2.7
-1.6
-10.5
0.2
-1.0

19.0

8.6

2014Q4
0.3
2014Q4
0.5

2014M12
0.2
0.4
-1.2
4.6
-0.2
-1.7

17.2

8.6

2015Q1
0.9
2015Q1
0.4

2015M01
2.3
5.5
5.5
-2.7
1.4
0.0

17.2

8.6

2015Q2
-0.3
2015Q2
0.3

2015M02
0.4
6.3
3.4
6.0
0.9
2.7

17.2

8.7

16.8

8.9

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.1
4.9
-0.8
-6.8
0.6
-0.6

2015M03
0.2
4.7
2.3
-0.8
-1.5
0.1

16.8

9.0

2014Q2
2.4
2014Q2
0.5

2015M05
0.9
6.2
-5.9
-9.4
0.6
2.8

16.8

9.0

2014Q3
2.1
2014Q3
0.8

2015M06
-0.6
3.8
-1.9
-11.9
-0.7
1.8

:

8.9

2014Q4
1.2
2014Q4
1.0

2015M07
0.9
3.3
-2.8
-14.0
-0.1
0.1

:

8.9

2015Q1
2.6
2015Q1
1.5

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.3
0.2

:

:

2015Q2
2.0
2015Q2
1.6

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-3.6

78.2

-2.8

77.7

-7.5

80.9

-4.7

81.9

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

107.6

105.2

104.7

107.0

107.9

109.7

108.7

109.2

109.1

107.1

112.5

110.2

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

2.63

2.54

2.11

1.75

1.32

0.99

1.06

1.59

2.13

2.43

2.07

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

68

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Slovenia

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0
2 0

-4.0

-6.0

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0
2 0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

115

110

105

100

95

90

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

11.0

10.5

10.0

9.5

9.0

8.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

800

600

400

200

0

-200

-400

%

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

€/$

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

69

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Slovakia

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.6

2014Q3
0.7

2014Q4
0.7

2015Q1
0.8

2015Q2
0.8

0.3

1.9

0.4

2.7

0.6

3.2

0.4

-0.6

0.6

3.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.6

2014Q3
2.4

2014Q4
2.4

2015Q1
3.1

2015Q2
3.2

2.3

5.3

1.6

7.7

2.2

6.8

1.5

6.6

2.3

10.0

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (1)
External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (1)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-25.8

-30.3

-95.7

-11.3

-93.7

-66.6

-171.6

-21.7

-111.2

-162.5

mn euro

-378.0

-399.4

-348.6

-321.9

-356.9

-298.3

-384.3

-287.8

-338.2

-367.5

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

196.4

-141.6

-454.4

320.9

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
0.0
-0.3
-4.0

2014M11
-0.2
0.0
0.3
-3.0

2014M12
-0.3
-0.1
-0.9
-3.8

2015M01
-0.1
-0.5
-0.7
-3.9

2015M02
-0.2
-0.6
-2.2
-4.5

2015M03
0.2
-0.4
0.7
-3.3

2015M04
0.3
-0.1
-0.5
-3.5

2015M05
0.3
-0.1
0.4
-3.5

2015M06
0.1
-0.1
-0.9
-4.5

2015M07
-0.3
-0.2
0.2
-4.3

2015M08
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-4.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (2)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (2)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
12.7

2014M11
12.5

2014M12
12.4

2015M01
12.3

2015M02
12.1

2015M03
11.9

2015M04
11.6

2015M05
11.4

2015M06
11.3

2015M07
11.2

2015M08
11.1

2015M09
:

27.5

11.5

2014Q2
2.1
2014Q2
0.5

2014M10
1.3
3.0
0.6
-4.0
1.0
6.3

27.0

11.3

2014Q3
-0.2
2014Q3
0.4

2014M11
-1.1
-3.5
1.4
-5.0
-0.7
3.4

26.8

11.2

2014Q4
0.6
2014Q4
0.7

2014M12
1.8
2.7
-0.5
-9.8
0.5
3.8

26.5

11.1

2015Q1
1.1
2015Q1
0.3

2015M01
0.0
2.1
4.1
0.6
-1.1
0.0

26.3

10.9

2015Q2
1.2
2015Q2
0.7

2015M02
0.4
3.5
1.5
3.8
0.1
-0.3

26.4

10.7

26.5

10.4

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-1.0
2.8
2.8
14.1
-0.6
-0.1

2015M03
1.9
11.0
2.1
7.9
0.9
1.4

26.4

10.2

2014Q2
6.3
2014Q2
1.4

2015M05
0.4
1.0
3.9
18.8
0.6
1.9

26.2

10.1

2014Q3
5.2
2014Q3
1.4

2015M06
1.2
6.8
2.1
24.1
0.4
2.7

25.2

10.1

2014Q4
5.1
2014Q4
2.1

2015M07
0.8
11.9
0.5
23.4
-0.2
1.6

24.6

10.0

2015Q1
3.7
2015Q1
1.8

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-0.1
1.3

:

:

2015Q2
2.9
2015Q2
2.0

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-1.6

55.7

-2.5

55.4

-4.5

53.6

-2.4

54.0

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (1)  

index

100.5

105.5

101.3

100.5

103.1

100.1

102.3

98.9

99.5

95.7

99.6

98.1

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.39

1.38

1.23

1.10

0.66

0.52

0.96

0.92

1.15

1.25

0.99

:

(1)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data 
(2)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days  
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

70

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Slovakia

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

Growth Rate (RT)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

120

110

100

90

80

70

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

15.0

14.0

13.0

12.0

11.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

400

200

0

200
-200

-400

-600

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

%

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.400

1.300

1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

71

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Finland

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.2

2014Q3
-0.1

2014Q4
-0.1

2015Q1
0.0

2015Q2
0.2

0.0

-0.8

0.7

-0.1

-0.4

-2.9

0.7

0.1

-0.2

0.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-0.5

2014Q3
-0.5

2014Q4
-0.5

2015Q1
-0.2

2015Q2
0.2

0.5

-2.7

0.6

-0.7

0.2

-6.0

1.1

-4.1

0.8

-2.6

External trade balance 
(extra euro area) (2)
External trade balance  
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

mn euro

63.8

172.3

491.5

177.0

193.3

264.8

687.6

310.5

424.4

362.5

462.2

464.2

804.2

515.6

489.3

593.7

1020.2

664.9

786.4

646.8

:

:

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

:

:

:

-1169.3

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
-0.2
1.2
-0.5
-0.9

2014M11
-0.1
1.1
-0.4
-0.8

2014M12
-0.1
0.6
-1.2
-1.9

2015M01
-0.7
-0.1
-1.2
-3.3

2015M02
0.3
-0.1
1.1
-2.3

2015M03
0.4
0.0
0.4
-1.2

2015M04
0.0
-0.1
0.3
-1.0

2015M05
-0.1
0.1
-0.3
-1.3

2015M06
0.0
0.1
-0.2
-1.8

2015M07
-0.3
-0.1
0.2
-1.7

2015M08
0.0
-0.2
-0.8
-2.5

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
9.0

2014M11
9.0

2014M12
9.0

2015M01
9.1

2015M02
9.2

2015M03
9.3

2015M04
9.4

2015M05
9.4

2015M06
9.5

2015M07
9.6

2015M08
9.7

2015M09
:

21.0

7.3

2014Q2
0.9
2014Q2
0.1

2014M10
0.3
-0.1
0.6
-1.0
1.2
-0.8

21.3

7.3

2014Q3
-0.3
2014Q3
-0.4

2014M11
-0.6
-1.5
1.2
1.7
-1.4
-2.3

21.5

7.3

2014Q4
0.2
2014Q4
-0.3

2014M12
-0.4
-1.5
-1.0
0.4
0.0
-2.9

21.8

7.3

2015Q1
0.9
2015Q1
0.4

2015M01
-1.4
-3.5
-0.4
-2.3
0.6
-1.8

22.1

7.4

2015Q2
0.5
2015Q2
-0.3

2015M02
-0.4
-4.2
3.4
4.2
1.4
0.9

22.5

7.4

22.9

7.5

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.0
-3.2
-0.5
4.4
-1.0
-1.6

2015M03
0.2
-3.6
3.4
7.7
0.5
0.9

23.3

7.5

2014Q2
3.0
2014Q2
-1.0

2015M05
-0.8
-4.9
2.2
10.2
0.4
0.9

23.6

7.6

2014Q3
1.3
2014Q3
-0.5

2015M06
1.3
-0.8
-0.5
8.5
-0.1
1.3

23.7

7.7

2014Q4
0.5
2014Q4
-0.9

2015M07
-0.3
-1.4
:
:
0.0
0.5

23.7

7.8

2015Q1
2.1
2015Q1
-0.1

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-1.1
-0.7

:

:

2015Q2
1.3
2015Q2
-0.7

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

1.7

58.5

-2.5

57.8

-9.1

59.3

-1.9

60.3

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

93.3

93.4

93.2

94.2

92.9

94.1

93.9

93.6

94.1

94.4

94.5

95.2

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 

%

%

2014M10
-

2014M11
-

2014M12
-

2015M01
-

2015M02
-

2015M03
-

2015M04
-

2015M05
-

2015M06
-

2015M07
-

2015M08
-

2015M09
-

1.01

0.90

0.89

0.62

0.48

0.39

0.27

0.72

1.01

0.95

0.82

:

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

72

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Finland

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

130

120

110

100

90

80

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

10.0

9.5

9.0

8.5

8.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

1000

500

0

-500

-1000

-1500

-2000

%

2.5

2.0

1.5

.0
1.0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.500

1.400

1.300

. 00
1.200

1.100

1.000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Euro-dollar exchange rate

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

73

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Sweden

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.7

2014Q3
0.3

2014Q4
1.2

2015Q1
0.6

2015Q2
1.1

0.8

0.4

-0.1

1.4

1.2

3.1

0.3

-0.2

0.4

1.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.4

2014Q3
2.3

2014Q4
2.8

2015Q1
2.8

2015Q2
3.8

2.7

6.9

1.7

6.1

2.2

9.0

2.5

5.0

2.0

6.5

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

952.9

1066.0

1295.3

1108.7

1197.5

1201.1

1345.2

1146.5

1192.3

1098.7

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

6444.4

7715.5

7538.8

8592.6

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1

2014M11
-0.1
0.3
-0.1
-0.1

2014M12
0.3
0.3
0.3
-0.6

2015M01
-1.1
0.4
-0.5
-1.1

2015M02
0.8
0.7
0.5
-0.3

2015M03
0.1
0.7
0.0
0.0

2015M04
0.2
0.5
-0.4
0.2

2015M05
0.4
0.9
-0.3
-0.1

2015M06
-0.3
0.4
-0.9
-0.9

2015M07
0.1
0.8
-0.6
-1.4

2015M08
-0.2
0.6
-0.2
-1.9

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
8.1

2014M11
7.8

2014M12
7.6

2015M01
7.8

2015M02
7.9

2015M03
7.5

2015M04
7.7

2015M05
7.7

2015M06
7.3

2015M07
7.3

2015M08
7.0

2015M09
:

22.8

5.9

2014Q2
0.9
2014Q2
0.6

2014M10
1.1
0.8
1.3
15.9
1.1
3.0

23.0

5.6

2014Q3
0.8
2014Q3
0.7

2014M11
0.0
-4.2
1.6
16.5
0.7
3.1

21.6

5.6

2014Q4
0.6
2014Q4
0.2

2014M12
1.2
-1.3
-1.5
11.1
-1.5
1.9

21.4

5.9

2015Q1
0.0
2015Q1
0.4

2015M01
-2.1
-4.7
0.7
10.1
1.9
4.1

22.1

5.8

2015Q2
0.7
2015Q2
0.0

2015M02
1.4
-3.7
1.8
9.8
0.1
3.7

20.7

5.6

20.5

5.9

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
2.8
2.6
1.8
12.9
-0.2
2.7

2015M03
0.7
-0.7
2.8
12.7
0.8
3.9

20.9

5.8

2014Q2
2.5
2014Q2
1.3

2015M05
-1.0
5.7
1.7
16.9
-0.2
3.4

20.7

5.5

2014Q3
3.0
2014Q3
1.9

2015M06
0.6
3.4
-2.8
11.3
0.4
3.5

21.2

5.4

2014Q4
2.9
2014Q4
1.5

2015M07
-2.1
0.7
4.2
12.0
0.0
5.1

19.6

5.2

2015Q1
2.3
2015Q1
1.8

2015M08
:
:
:
:
-1.2
0.6

:

:

2015Q2
2.1
2015Q2
1.3

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

0.8

39.8

-1.8

40.4

-4.9

43.9

-1.9

44.0

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)  

index

107.6

107.3

108.2

107.6

106.5

104.5

102.4

104.6

104.2

105.3

106.5

107.4

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Swedish Krona exchange rates 
against the euro 

%

%

Average

2014M10
0.40

2014M11
0.27

2014M12
0.27

2015M01
0.18

2015M02
0.01

2015M03
0.00

2015M04
-0.14

2015M05
-0.21

2015M06
-0.23

2015M07
-0.25

2015M08
-0.27

2015M09
-0.29

1.30

9.18

1.14

9.24

1.01

9.40

0.78

9.42

0.62

9.49

0.58

9.24

0.34

9.33

0.75

9.30

0.99

9.27

0.81

9.39

0.66

9.52

:

9.39

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

74

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Sweden

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

9.0

6.0

3.0

0.0

-3.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

135

125

115

105

95

85

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5
-0 5

-1.0

-1.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000
4000

3000

2000

1000

0

%

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5
0 5

0.0

-0.5

Swedish Krona/€

10.50

10.00

9.50

9.00

8.50
8 50

8.00

7.50

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates
Long-term government bond yields - rates
Swedish Krona exchange rates against the euro 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

75

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for United Kingdom

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.9

2014Q3
0.6

2014Q4
0.8

2015Q1
0.4

2015Q2
0.7

0.7

1.4

0.7

1.4

0.6

-0.5

0.8

1.5

0.9

1.0

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
3.0

2014Q3
3.3

2014Q4
2.6

2015Q1
1.9

2015Q2
2.9

3.1

8.7

3.1

7.6

2.6

3.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

5.0

External trade balance 
(extra EU28) (2)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-3727.2

-1286.5

-5000.1

-5758.1

-6794.3

926.9

733.3

-1650.0

-1814.6

-2894.2

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-26368.9 -47063.4 -32935.8 -34607.7

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.1
1.3
-1.5
-3.7

2014M11
-0.3
1.0
-0.7
-4.1

2014M12
0.0
0.5
-2.7
-7.0

2015M01
-0.9
0.3
-2.7
-9.3

2015M02
0.3
0.0
1.0
-8.4

2015M03
0.2
0.0
0.6
-7.7

2015M04
0.2
-0.1
0.1
-7.3

2015M05
0.2
0.1
0.6
-6.8

2015M06
0.0
0.0
-0.4
-7.0

2015M07
-0.2
0.1
-0.9
-7.3

2015M08
0.2
0.0
-1.6
-8.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
5.8

2014M11
5.6

2014M12
5.5

2015M01
5.5

2015M02
5.5

2015M03
5.5

2015M04
5.6

2015M05
5.6

2015M06
5.5

2015M07
:

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

16.5

4.1

2014Q2
-0.5
2014Q2
-

2014M10
-0.1
0.8
-1.4
2.4
1.3
4.7

16.0

3.9

2014Q3
0.8
2014Q3
-

2014M11
0.2
1.6
-1.6
4.1
1.5
7.0

15.9

3.9

2014Q4
1.1
2014Q4
-

2014M12
-0.1
0.7
1.0
6.4
0.3
4.3

15.7

3.9

2015Q1
1.3
2015Q1
-

2015M01
-0.1
2.3
-1.5
-0.1
-0.2
4.9

15.6

3.9

2015Q2
0.3
2015Q2
-

2015M02
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.7
0.7
4.8

15.7

3.8

15.7

4.0

Q/Q-4 % (3)

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
0.2
1.2
-1.8
1.1
1.1
3.2

2015M03
0.6
0.9
4.2
3.7
-0.6
5.3

15.8

3.9

2014Q2
0.5
2014Q2
2.5

2015M05
0.3
2.0
-1.5
-0.3
0.2
4.7

15.4

3.9

2014Q3
1.2
2014Q3
2.3

2015M06
-0.4
1.7
2.5
2.1
-0.3
3.9

:

:

2014Q4
2.0
2014Q4
2.0

2015M07
-0.4
0.6
-1.3
-2.3
0.1
3.9

:

:

2015Q1
3.3
2015Q1
1.9

2015M08
:
:
:
:
0.0
3.3

:

:

2015Q2
3.1
2015Q2
1.1

2015M09
:
:
:
:
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-7.1

88.6

-5.6

87.9

-6.8

89.3

-1.3

88.5

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (1)

index

113.0

113.3

113.3

113.9

113.8

111.1

113.1

113.2

109.4

112.9

113.5

110.7

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Pound Sterling exchange rates 
against the euro 

%

%

Average

2014M10
0.56

2014M11
0.56

2014M12
0.56

2015M01
0.56

2015M02
0.56

2015M03
0.56

2015M04
0.57

2015M05
0.57

2015M06
0.57

2015M07
0.58

2015M08
0.59

2015M09
0.59

1.82

0.79

1.72

0.79

1.52

0.79

1.21

0.77

1.59

0.74

1.59

0.72

1.65

0.72

1.94

0.72

2.06

0.72

2.03

0.71

1.86

0.71

:

0.73

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days 
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data 
(3)  wda: Adjusted data by working days 
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data
The set of indicators is selected from the PEEIs list (COM/2002/661) and complemented by certain Monetary and Financial Indicators as well as the Economic Sentiment Indicator.
Indicator 
Current account 
3 months Interest rate 
Long term government bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate 
Economic Sentiment Indicator 

Source
European Central Bank (ECB) for euro area only
ECB
ECB
ECB
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

76

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

United Kingdom

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

Index

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

130

120

110

100

90
90

80

70

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Economic Sentiment Indicator

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

6.7

6.4

6.1

5.8
5.8

5.5

5.2

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0

-1.0

-2.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

10000

0

-10000

-20000

-30000

-40000

-50000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Pound Sterling/€

1.10

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

External trade balance  

BOP current account 

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Pound Sterling exchange rates against the euro 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

77

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Norway

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
1.1

2014Q3
0.4

2014Q4
0.9

2015Q1
0.1

2015Q2
-0.1

0.8

0.4

0.1

0.6

0.9

-3.5

1.0

-0.6

0.5

-1.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-0.1

2014Q3
1.8

2014Q4
3.0

2015Q1
1.5

2015Q2
2.2

1.9

1.3

1.8

0.5

2.3

-4.0

3.4

-3.3

2.2

-4.4

External trade balance 
(rest of the world)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world) 

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

7132.3

5762.8

9806.4

8649.2

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
1.9
-1.1
-1.2

2014M11
0.2
2.0
-0.9
-2.2

2014M12
-0.1
2.0
-1.3
-3.7

2015M01
-0.3
1.9
-2.5
-6.3

2015M02
0.4
1.8
2.0
-4.2

2015M03
0.3
1.7
-0.3
-3.1

2015M04
0.4
1.8
0.7
-2.2

2015M05
0.3
2.0
-0.3
-2.2

2015M06
0.3
2.6
-1.2
-3.7

2015M07
-0.2
1.5
-1.5
-6.1

2015M08
-0.2
1.8
-1.6
-8.0

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (2)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (2)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index 

Employment

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 % (3)
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
3.8

2014M11
3.7

2014M12
3.8

2015M01
4.0

2015M02
4.1

2015M03
4.2

2015M04
4.2

2015M05
4.3

2015M06
4.4

2015M07
4.3

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

7.9

3.2

2014Q2
-
2014Q2
0.3

2014M10
0.7
10.9
-
-
0.5
2.4

7.6

3.1

2014Q3
-
2014Q3
0.3

2014M11
-2.3
4.3
-
-
0.5
2.8

8.0

3.1

2014Q4
-
2014Q4
0.2

2014M12
0.3
3.5
-
-
-0.1
2.6

8.9

3.2

2015Q1
-
2015Q1
0.1

2015M01
-2.8
-0.3
-
-
-0.6
1.5

9.4

3.3

2015Q2
-
2015Q2
0.2

2015M02
2.6
2.0
-
-
0.8
1.8

9.6

3.3

10.1

3.3

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-5.8
-3.5
-
-
2.1
3.6

2015M03
1.5
2.3
-
-
0.5
1.6

10.5

3.3

2014Q2
-
2014Q2
1.3

2015M05
2.4
4.0
-
-
-3.5
-0.3

10.9

3.3

2014Q3
-
2014Q3
1.0

2015M06
3.4
2.8
-
-
0.8
-0.1

10.5

3.3

2014Q4
-
2014Q4
0.9

2015M07
-1.5
2.9
-
-
0.6
2.0

:

:

2015Q1
-
2015Q1
0.9

2015M08
:
:
-
-
-0.4
0.9

:

:

2015Q2
-
2015Q2
0.8

2015M09
:
:
-
-
:
:

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

14.0

26.7

5.7

25.8

6.5

26.5

:

:

:

:

Economic sentiment indicator (2)

index

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate (4)
Long term government 
bond yields (4)
Norwegian Krone exchange rates 
against the euro (5)

%

%

Average

2014M10
1.63

2014M11
1.66

2014M12
1.53

2015M01
1.39

2015M02
1.38

2015M03
1.38

2015M04
1.47

2015M05
1.49

2015M06
1.35

2015M07
1.27

2015M08
1.20

2015M09
1.16

2.21

8.31

2.05

8.49

1.77

8.98

1.45

8.93

1.39

8.62

1.54

8.64

1.44

8.51

1.65

8.41

1.77

8.76

1.70

8.94

1.49

9.18

1.60

9.31

(1)  swda: Seasonally adjusted and adjusted data by working days
(2)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(3)  Calculated by Eurostat from OECD Main Economic Indicators database. There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(4)  Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database
(5)  Source: ECB
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data 

78

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Norway

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

-8.0

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

GDP (q/q-1)

Industrial Production (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5
3.5

3.0

2.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0
1.0

0.0

-1.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

-3.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

10000

9800

9600

9400

9200

9000

8800

8600

8400

8200

8000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

BOP current account 

%

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Norwegian Krone/€

9.60

9.20

8.80

8.40

8.00

7.60

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Norwegian Krone exchange rates against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

79

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Switzerland

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume)
Private final consumption 
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

2014Q2
0.1

2014Q3
0.6

2014Q4
0.7

2015Q1
-0.2

2015Q2
0.2

0.3

0.0

0.4

1.0

0.3

0.4

0.2

-0.2

0.3

0.9

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
1.5

2014Q3
1.8

2014Q4
2.1

2015Q1
1.2

2015Q2
1.2

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.9

1.1

2.6

1.3

1.3

1.0

1.8

External trade balance 
(All countries of the world)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world) (1)(2)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

6678.2

9151.8

14389.7

12812.6

:

Inflation (Harmonized Index  
of Consumer Prices - All items) 

Industrial producer prices (2)

M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % 
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.7

2014M11
-0.3
0.1
-0.7
-1.3

2014M12
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-1.6

2015M01
-0.6
-0.1
-0.1
-1.7

2015M02
-0.4
-0.4
-0.7
-2.0

2015M03
0.5
-0.5
0.1
-1.9

2015M04
-0.2
-0.8
-1.7
-3.4

2015M05
0.0
-0.9
-0.8
-4.2

2015M06
0.2
-0.6
0.0
-4.2

2015M07
-0.2
-0.8
-0.3
-4.4

2015M08
-0.6
-1.2
-0.6
-4.7

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (2)(3)(4) %
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year
Unemployment rate -  
age >=25 year

%

%

Labour Cost Index (2)

Q/Q-1 %

Employment (2)(5)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Industrial production

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

Production in construction (2)(7)

Q/Q-1 %

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (1)
M/M-12 %

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014M10
:

2014M11
:

2014M12
:

2015M01
:

2015M02
:

2015M03
:

2015M04
:

2015M05
:

2015M06
:

2015M07
:

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

:

:

2014Q2
-
2014Q2
1.2

2014M10
-
-
2014Q2
:
2014M10
0.2
0.7

:

:

2014Q3
-
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
-
-
2014Q3
:
2014M11
0.0
-0.7

:

:

2014Q4
-
2014Q4
2.1

2014M12
-
-
2014Q4
:
2014M12
1.7
1.7

:

:

2015Q1
-
2015Q1
-0.6

2015M01
-
-
2015Q1
:
2015M01
-3.0
-1.1

:

:

2015Q2
-
2015Q2
-0.2

2015M02
-
-
2015Q2
:
2015M02
-0.6
-2.6

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

0.0

-

0.0

-

0.0

-

0.2

-

:

-

:

:

:

:

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2015M03
-
-

2015M04
-
-

Q/Q-1 %
2015M04
0.6
-0.6

2015M03
0.7
-2.5

:

:

2014Q2
-
2014Q2
1.7

2015M05
-
-
2014Q2
:
2015M05
-0.4
-0.7

:

:

2014Q3
-
2014Q3
1.7

2015M06
-
-
2014Q3
:
2015M06
1.2
-1.2

:

:

2014Q4
-
2014Q4
2.4

2015M07
-
-
2014Q4
:
2015M07
-0.6
0.1

:

:

2015Q1
-
2015Q1
3.0

2015M08
-
-
2015Q1
:
2015M08
0.5
-0.3

:

:

2015Q2
-
2015Q2
1.6

2015M09
-
-
2015Q2
:
2015M09
:
:

Economic sentiment indicator (1)

index

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate (3)
Long term government 
bond yields (3)
Swiss Franc exchange rates 
against the euro (8)

%

%

Average

2014M10
0.02

2014M11
0.00

2014M12
-0.06

2015M01
-0.85

2015M02
-0.85

2015M03
-0.81

2015M04
-0.79

2015M05
-0.79

2015M06
-0.79

2015M07
-0.74

2015M08
-0.72

2015M09
-1.25

0.56

1.21

0.41

1.20

0.38

1.20

-0.07

1.09

0.01

1.06

0.00

1.06

0.04

1.04

-0.03

1.04

0.10

1.05

-0.04

1.05

-0.12

1.08

-0.10

1.09

(1)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data 
(2)  Calculated by Eurostat from OECD Main Economic Indicators database. There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3)  Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database  
(4)  Registered unemployment rate
(5) Civilian employment: all persons
(6)  New orders for total manufacturing
(7)  Production of dwellings
 (8)  Source: ECB
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data

80

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Switzerland

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Growth Rate (RT)

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Retail trade (RT) (m/m-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Growth Rate

Graph  4: Prices

Growth Rate

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

HICP (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0

-5000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

BOP current account 

%

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

Swiss Franc/€

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Swiss Franc exchange rates against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

81

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for United States

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume) (1)
Private final consumption (1)
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume) (1)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

2014Q2
1.1

2014Q3
1.1

2014Q4
0.5

2015Q1
0.2

2015Q2
1.0

1.0

1.5

0.9

1.6

1.1

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.9

1.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
2.6

2014Q3
2.9

2014Q4
2.5

2015Q1
2.9

2015Q2
2.7

2.6

4.0

3.0

4.8

3.2

4.6

3.3

4.1

3.3

4.1

External trade balance 
(All countries of the world) (2)(3)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world) (2)(3)

Consumer Prices Index- 
All items(2)

Industrial producer prices (2)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-47912.9 -46672.5 -51139.4 -52560.0 -49295.2 -63914.0 -55116.4 -53443.9 -55587.3 -53874.1

:

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

-67127.9 -73857.1 -82523.6 -100645.6

:

M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 %
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
1.6
-1.0
0.6

2014M11
0.3
1.3
-1.1
0.0

2014M12
0.3
0.7
-1.9
-2.1

2015M01
0.7
-0.2
-2.2
-4.7

2015M02
-0.2
-0.1
0.2
-5.0

2015M03
-0.2
0.0
0.4
-5.1

2015M04
-0.1
-0.1
-0.3
-6.0

2015M05
-0.4
0.0
1.1
-4.8

2015M06
-0.3
0.2
0.4
-4.4

2015M07
-0.1
0.2
-0.1
-4.5

2015M08
0.1
0.2
-0.7
-5.2

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (3)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (3)
Unemployment rate -  
age >25 year (3)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index (2) (3)(4)

Q/Q-1 %

Employment  (2)(5)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Industrial production

Production in construction - 
value (2) (7)

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
5.7

2014M11
5.8

2014M12
5.6

2015M01
5.7

2015M02
5.5

2015M03
5.5

2015M04
5.4

2015M05
5.5

2015M06
5.3

2015M07
5.3

2015M08
5.1

2015M09
:

12.7

4.7

2014Q2
0.4
2014Q2
0.4

2014M10
-
-
:
:
-
-

12.7

4.7

2014Q3
0.5
2014Q3
0.4

2014M11
-
-
:
:
-
-

12.4

4.5

2014Q4
0.4
2014Q4
0.6

2014M12
-
-
:
:
-
-

12.2

4.6

2015Q1
0.5
2015Q1
0.6

2015M01
-
-
:
:
-
-

11.9

4.5

2015Q2
0.6
2015Q2
0.3

2015M02
-
-
:
:
-
-

12.3

4.4

11.6

4.5

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-
-
:
:
-
-

2015M03
-
-
:
:
-
-

12.2

4.5

2014Q2
2.4
2014Q2
1.4

2015M05
-
-
:
:
-
-

12.1

4.2

2014Q3
2.4
2014Q3
1.5

2015M06
-
-
:
:
-
-

11.7

4.3

2014Q4
2.1
2014Q4
2.2

2015M07
-
-
:
:
-
-

11.0

4.2

2015Q1
1.8
2015Q1
2.0

2015M08
-
-
:
:
-
-

:

:

2015Q2
1.9
2015Q2
1.9

2015M09
-
-
:
:
-
-

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Economic sentiment indicator (3)

index

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Euro-dollar exchange rate (7)

%

%

Average

2014M10
0.23

2014M11
0.23

2014M12
0.24

2015M01
0.25

2015M02
0.26

2015M03
0.27

2015M04
0.28

2015M05
0.28

2015M06
0.28

2015M07
0.29

2015M08
0.32

2015M09
0.33

2.29

1.27

2.32

1.25

2.20

1.23

1.87

1.16

1.97

1.14

2.04

1.08

1.92

1.08

2.20

1.12

2.36

1.12

2.32

1.10

2.16

1.11

2.17

1.12

(1)  Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database – Seasonally adjusted data
(2)  Calculated by Eurostat from OECD Main Economic Indicators database. There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(4)  Hourly earnings
(5)  Civilian employment: all persons
(6)  Production of dwellings
(7)  Source: ECB
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data

82

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

United States

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0
1 0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

CPI (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

0

-20000

-40000

-60000

-80000

-100000

-120000

%

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

€/$

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.90

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

BOP current account 

External trade balance  

2014M10
2014M12
3-month interest rate
Euro-dollar exchange rate

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Long term government bond yields 

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

83

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Detailed PEEIs analysis for Japan

Indicators

Unit

Reference Period

GDP (volume) (1)
Private final consumption (1)
(volume)
Investment (GFCF) (volume) (1)

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

Q/Q-1 % 

2014Q2
-2.0

2014Q3
-0.3

2014Q4
0.3

2015Q1
1.1

2015Q2
-0.3

-5.0

-4.2

0.3

-0.7

0.3

0.1

0.4

1.6

-0.7

0.2

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2014Q2
-0.5

2014Q3
-1.4

2014Q4
-0.8

2015Q1
-0.8

2015Q2
0.9

-2.9

2.4

-2.9

-0.4

-2.4

-1.8

-4.0

-3.3

0.3

1.2

External trade balance 
(All countries of the world) (2)(3)

BOP Current account 
(All countries of the world) (2)(3)

Consumer Prices Index- 
All items (2)

Industrial producer prices (2)

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

mn euro

-7666.1

-5894.4

-5428.2

-4006.2

-2254.5

-4431.7

-258.4

-2031.7

-1201.8

-2042.3

-2719.2

:

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

mn euro

5712.3

3638.2

18627.3

28832.1

31406.4

M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % 
M/M-12 %

2014M10
0.0
3.2
0.0
3.5

2014M11
0.2
2.9
-0.6
2.8

2014M12
0.1
2.4
-0.2
2.7

2015M01
-0.1
2.4
-0.5
1.9

2015M02
0.1
2.4
-1.4
0.2

2015M03
0.1
2.2
-0.2
0.1

2015M04
-0.2
2.4
0.3
0.4

2015M05
-0.2
0.6
0.1
-2.1

2015M06
-0.2
0.5
0.2
-2.0

2015M07
0.0
0.4
0.2
-1.9

2015M08
0.0
0.3
-0.3
-2.4

2015M09
:
:
:
:

Unemployment rate -  total (3)
Unemployment rate -  
age <25 year (3)
Unemployment rate - 
age >25 year (3)

%

%

%

Labour Cost Index (2)(4)

Q/Q-1 %

Employment (2)(5)

Q/Q-1 % (1)

Industrial production

Production in construction

Retail trade deflated turnover

M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %
M/M-1 % (3)
M/M-12 %

2014M10
3.5

2014M11
3.5

2014M12
3.4

2015M01
3.6

2015M02
3.5

2015M03
3.4

2015M04
3.3

2015M05
3.3

2015M06
3.4

2015M07
3.3

2015M08
:

2015M09
:

5.7

-

2014Q2
0.6
2014Q2
0.2

2014M10
-
-
:
:
-
-

6.4

-

2014Q3
0.2
2014Q3
0.2

2014M11
-
-
:
:
-
-

6.3

-

2014Q4
-0.3
2014Q4
0.0

2014M12
-
-
:
:
-
-

7.0

-

2015Q1
-0.2
2015Q1
0.2

2015M01
-
-
:
:
-
-

6.3

-

2015Q2
-0.2
2015Q2
-0.2

2015M02
-
-
:
:
-
-

5.1

-

5.0

-

Q/Q-4 %

Q/Q-4 %

2015M04
-
-
:
:
-
-

2015M03
-
-
:
:
-
-

5.5

-

2014Q2
0.8
2014Q2
0.7

2015M05
-
-
:
:
-
-

5.6

-

2014Q3
1.4
2014Q3
0.7

2015M06
-
-
:
:
-
-

5.5

-

2014Q4
0.6
2014Q4
0.3

2015M07
-
-
:
:
-
-

:

-

2015Q1
0.3
2015Q1
0.6

2015M08
-
-
:
:
-
-

:

-

2015Q2
-0.4
2015Q2
0.2

2015M09
-
-
:
:
-
-

General government deficit (-)/ 
surplus (+)

%

General government gross debt %

2014Q2

2014Q3

2014Q4

2015Q1

2015Q2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Economic sentiment indicator (3)  

index

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2014M10

2014M11

2014M12

2015M01

2015M02

2015M03

2015M04

2015M05

2015M06

2015M07

2015M08

2015M09

3-month interest rate
Long term government  
bond yields 
Yen exchange rates 
against the euro (6)

%

%

2014M10
0.1

2014M11
0.1

2014M12
0.1

2015M01
0.1

2015M02
0.1

2015M03
0.1

2015M04
0.1

2015M05
0.1

2015M06
0.1

2015M07
0.1

2015M08
0.1

2015M09
0.1

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

Average

136.9

145.0

147.1

137.5

134.7

130.4

128.9

134.8

138.7

135.7

137.1

134.9

(1)  Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database – Seasonally adjusted data
(2)  Calculated by Eurostat from OECD Main Economic Indicators database. There may be rounding differences with data published nationally
(3)  sa: Seasonally adjusted data
(4)  Monthly earnings
(5)  Civilian employment: all persons
(6)  Source: ECB
« : » not available data; « - » not existing data

84

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Japan

Graph 1: Output

Growth rate

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

Graph 2: Demand

Growth Rate (PFC, 
I)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0
2 0

-4.0

-6.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

GDP (q/q-1)

Private Final Consumption (PFC) (q/q-1)

Investment (I) (q/q-1)

Graph 3: Labour

Graph  4: Prices

%

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

Growth Rate 

Growth Rate

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

0.8
-0.8

-1.0

-1.2

-1.4

-1.6

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Employment (q/q-1)

Labour cost index  (q/q-1)

Unemployment rate Total (%)

CPI (m/m-1)

Industrial producer prices (m/m-1)

Graph 5: External Transactions

Graph 6: Financial

millions  euro

30000

20000

10000

0
0

-10000

-20000

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

%

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

2014M10

2014M12

2015M02

2015M04

2015M06

2015M08

Yen/€

160.00

150.00

140.00

130.00

120.00

110.00

100.00

90.00

BOP current account 

External trade balance  

3-month interest rates

Long-term government bond yields - rates

Yen exchange rate against the euro

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

85

2

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

Cross-country comparisons
Gross Domestic Product, in volume Q/Q-1

Quarterly growth in percentage, 2015 Q2

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0
2 0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

p

j

r
o f
n

t
a

o
r

k
d

l

n

i
f

h i
t
c

8
2
u
e

9
1
a
e

Private Consumption, in volume Q/Q-1

Quarterly growth in percentage, 2015 Q2 

e
b

e
d

g
b

y
c

u
h

t
p

e
e

r
h

i
s

k
u

k
s

l

e

l

p

s
u

s
e

z
c

t

m

e
s

v

l

e l
t

i

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0
1 0

0.0

-1.0

-2.0

t
l

e
e

t
p

l

e

s
e

i
s

k
u

s
u

l

u p
h

v

l

z
c

y
c

o
r

k
s

e
b

o
n

8
2
u
e

9
1
a
e

e i
t

i

e
s

t

m

l

n

e
d

r
h

t
a

r
h f
c

i
f

k
d

p

j

g
b

Balance of payments, current account 

Millions of euro, 2015 Q1

80,000.0

60,000.0

40,000.0

20,000.0

0.0

-20,000.0

-40,000.0

-60,000.0
60 000 0

-80,000.0

-100,000.0

-120,000.0

s
u

k
u

r
f

l

e

s
e

r
h

i
f

y l
t
c

t
p

v

l

e
e

g
b

i

k s
s

o
r

u i
t

l

e p

l

i

u
h

z
c

k
d

t
a

e
b

o
n

e
s

l

h n
c

p

j

e
d

8
2
u
e

86

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition 

Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs)

2

Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: all items, M/M-1

Monthly growth in percentage, 2015 M07

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

e
b

u

l

y
c

r
f

e

i

t

m

r
h

k
u

g
b

8
2
u
e

a
e

i

e s
d

i
f

t
i

t
p

z
c

l

e e
e

t
a

l

p

k
s

e
s

o
n

k
d

s
e

Unemployment rates, harmonized rates: total

v n

l

l

u
h

o
r

h l
t
c

As a percentage of unemployed persons in the total number of active population, 2015 M07

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

e
d

z
c

t

m

s
u

t
a

u

l

k
d

l

n

o
r

e p

l

s

i

e s
b

8
2
u
e

t
e l

i

i

g f
b

v f
r

l

9
1
a
e

k i
t
s

t
p

y
c

r
h

s
e

Long term interest rates − Long term government bond yields*  

Average according to Maastricht definition, 2015 M07

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

l

e

y
c

r
h

o
r

l

u p
h

l

p

t
p

i

g s
b

s
e

k i
t
u

t

m

a
e

r
e f

i

e
b

k
s

v

l

t
a

l

n

i

k f
d

z
c

e
s

e
d

u

l

(*) for more information, see footnote on LU table

  Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition

87

Symbols and codes 
in the tables

EU-28:   European Union (28 countries) 
EU-27:   European Union (27 countries) 
EA-19:   Euro area (19 countries) 
EA-18:   Euro area (18 countries)
EA-17:   Euro area (17 countries) 
EA-16:   Euro area (16 countries)
EA-15:   Euro area (15 countries)
EA-13:   Euro area (13 countries)
EU-25:   European Union (25 countries) 
EU-15:   European Union (15 countries) 
EA:  

Euro area (EA-11 up to 31.12.2000 / EA-12 up to 31.12.2006 / EA-13 up to 
31.12.2007 / EA-15 up to 31.12.2008 / EA-16 up to 31.12.2010 / EA-17 onwards 
up to 31.12.2013 /  EA-18 up to 31.12.2014 /EA-19 onwards)

EA-12:   Euro area (12 countries) 
BE:  
BG:  
CZ:  
DK:  
DE:  
EE:  
IE:  
EL:  
ES:  
FR:  
HR:  
IT:  
CY:  
LV:  
LT:  
LU:  
HU:  
MT:  
NL:  
AT:  
PL:  
PT:  
RO:  
SI:  
SK:  
FI:  
SE:  
UK:  
NO:  
CH:  
US:  
JP:  
« : »  
« - »  
« c »  

Belgium 
Bulgaria
Czech Republic 
Denmark 
Germany (including ex-GDR from 1991) 
Estonia 
Ireland
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Croatia
Italy 
Cyprus 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Luxembourg (Grand-Duché) 
Hungary 
Malta 
Netherlands 
Austria 
Poland 
Portugal 
Romania 
Slovenia 
Slovak Republic 
Finland 
Sweden 
United Kingdom 
Norway 
Switzerland
United States 
Japan 
not available data 
not existing data 
confidential data

Data  presented  in  Section  2  of  this  publication  have  been  extracted  from  Eurostat’s 
European and National Short-Term Indicators database on 6th  October 2015.

88

Eurostatistics — 10/2015 edition