COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 12th REPORT OVERVIEW OF THIRD COUNTRY TRADE DEFENCE ACTIONS AGAINST THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR THE YEAR 2014
Date: 2015-07-24
Institutions: Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security, European Commission
Subjects: anti-dumping measure, export (EU), originating product, protectionism, third country, trade dispute

EN 

   EN 

   EUROPEAN COMMISSION  Brussels, 24.7.2015  SWD(2015) 145 final   COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 12th REPORT  OVERVIEW OF THIRD COUNTRY TRADE DEFENCE ACTIONS AGAINST THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR THE YEAR 2014 {COM(2015) 359 final}  
 
 
Annex I – Trends and main cases  
(by most important users, most active regions and others) 

1.  INDIA 

1.1. OVERALL TRENDS 

India proved to be an even more active user of the instruments in 2014 than previously. In 2014, 
India initiated 10 new investigations out of which 7 safeguard and 3 anti-dumping investigations 
(in 2013 India initiated 4 anti-dumping and 3 safeguard investigations). At the end of 2014, India 
had 26 measures in force, and is thus by far the most active country in terms of TDI measures 
against  the  EU.  Even  though,  some  of  these  investigations  are  terminated  without  measures,  a 
few  months  after  their  initiation,  they  are  nevertheless  problematic.  Initiations  have  a  chilling 
effect  on  trade,  during  the  time  of  the  investigation,  due  to  the  uncertainty  of  the  outcome.  In 
general, and particularly due to its restrictive nature, the safeguard instrument should be used in 
exceptional circumstances  only.  The significant  number of safeguard  investigations initiated by 
India does not seem to correspond to this exceptional nature. The Commission will thus continue 
to insist that the safeguard instrument should only be used when the stringent WTO criteria are 
properly met. 

1.2. MAIN CASES 

The safeguard investigation regarding seamless pipes and tubes initiated in April 2013, showed 
several  major  flaws.  The  increase  of  imports  took  place  in  2011/2012  and  imports  decreased 
thereafter. There are thus strong doubts that the increase of imports could be qualified as recent 
enough in WTO terms. Furthermore, the industry did not seem to suffer serious injury and other 
factors certainly contributed to the injury, if any. For example, the decrease in domestic demand 
by around 25%, and the excessive capacity building that exceeds domestic demand, were clearly 
contributing factors, which were not sufficiently taken into consideration. The Commission made 
submissions,  participated  in  the  public  hearing  and  intervened  at  political  level.  The  measures 
were nevertheless imposed in August 2014.   

The safeguard investigation regarding cold rolled flat products of stainless steel was initiated in 
September  2014.  The  main  issue  here  again  is,  whether  the  increase  of  imports  was  recent, 
sudden  or  sharp  enough.  Furthermore,  the  excessive  capacity  building  seems  to  be  the  major 
reason for the difficult situation of the industry, rather than increased imports. The Commission 
has made a submission to raise these points and continues to closely monitor the case, which was 
still on-going at the end of 2014.    

In  many  other  cases  involving  India,  the  economic  interest  is  rather  low  and  the  EU  industry 
decided  not  to  cooperate  in  the  investigations.  In  the  absence  of  co-operation,  the  Commission 
normally only intervenes in cases, where the analysis shows important systemic problems. This 
was the case, for example, for 2-ethyl hexanol and normal butanol. In both these anti-dumping 
investigations,  there  were  strong  doubts  as  to  the  causal  link  between  the  allegedly  dumped 
imports  and  any  injury  suffered  by  the  Indian  industry.  In  particular,  the  industry’s  costs 
increased significantly without any apparent reason. Furthermore, imports merely filled the gap 
between  local  supply  and  domestic  demand,  which  is  much  higher  than  the  Indian  industry’s 
capacity. The Commission made submissions in both cases and continues to follow and monitor 
them closely. 

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2.  CHINA 

2.1. OVERALL TRENDS 

In  2014,  China's  use  of  trade  defence  instruments  against  imports  from  the  EU  was  similar  to 
2013. In 2014, China initiated 1 new anti-dumping investigation and 3 anti-dumping reviews, the 
same number as in 2013. In addition, it also imposed definitive measures in 3 anti-dumping and 1 
anti-subsidy  proceeding  (the  Polysilicon  investigation  combined  both  anti-dumping  and  anti-
subsidy  measures),  which  had  been  initiated  before  2014.  These  measures  brought  the  total 
number of measures in force to 18, which ranks China, together with the US, as the 2nd country in 
terms of the number of measures in force against the EU.  

In  2014,  China  terminated  2  investigations  following  the  withdrawal  of  the  complaint  by  the 
Chinese industry. These include the wine case, which was already reported in the 11th Report. 

In 2014, there were no investigations initiated as retaliation against an investigation initiated by 
the  EU.  However,  this  does  not  mean  that  this  inappropriate  practice  is  at  bay,  and  the 
Commission will remain vigilant in this regard. 

2.2. MAIN CASES 

During  2014,  the  Commission  continued  to  be  closely  involved  in  the  polysilicon  case.  This 
China retaliation case, as reported already in the 11th Report, was concluded in March 2014 with 
a price undertaking agreement between the Chinese authorities and the cooperating EU exporter. 
Since  then,  the  Commission  has  been  actively  supporting  the  cooperating  EU  exporter  in  its 
dialogue  with  the  Chinese  authorities.  In  particular,  it  appears  that  there  are  problems  with  the 
timely  authorisation  of  adjustments,  according  to  the  terms  of  the  undertaking.  As  a  result,  the 
access for EU polysilicon on the Chinese market was delayed, and caused a loss of business for 
the cooperating EU exporter. 

China  imposed  definitive  anti-dumping  duties  in  2  cases,  which  were  initiated  in  2013,  against 
imports  of  certain  alloy-steel  seamless  tubes  and  pipes  for  high  temperature  and  pressure 
service  and  perchlorethylene  or  petrachloroethylene  (PCE).  The  Commission  was  closely 
involved  in  both  investigations.  It  actively  supported  the  affected  EU  exporters,  by  submitting 
several  detailed  rebuttal  submissions  to  the  Chinese  investigative  authorities,  highlighting  the 
serious flaws in the preliminary and final determinations. 

The  anti-dumping  investigation  initiated  regarding  imports  of  haemodialysis  equipment  was 
terminated  after  6  months  following  the  withdrawal  of  the  complaint.  The  Commission  had 
actively  intervened  in  this  case  and  had  raised  important  issues  bilaterally  with  the  Chinese 
authorities (please see achievements in the main report). 

China also initiated 2 anti-dumping expiry reviews against polyamide 6,6 and adipic acid and 1 
anti-dumping interim review against ethylene & diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EBMEG). 
These investigations are still ongoing. The Commission will continue monitoring them and will 
intervene as appropriate. 

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3.  USA 

3.1. OVERALL TRENDS 

In  2014,  the  number  of  US  trade  defence  measures  in  force  are  18  (17  anti-dumping  measures 
and 1 anti-subsidy measure), ranking the US together with China, as 2nd, in terms of measures in 
force against EU imports. 

In 2014, the US did not initiate any new investigation against EU imports and terminated 2 anti-
dumping investigations, which were initiated in 2013, without imposing any measures. The US 
imposed one 1 new anti-dumping measure in 2014. 

In 2012, the EU and the US signed a "Roadmap", with the aim to remove the use of targeting in 
US  administrative  reviews.  However,  as  already  in  2013,  also  in  2014,  the  US  approach  in 
administrative  reviews  was  less  than  satisfactory,  because  of  the  continued  recourse  to  this 
methodology,  based  on  questionable  "targeted  dumping"  findings.  During  2014,  the  US  used 
targeting  in  4  out  of  12  administrative  reviews  concerning  EU  exporters.    This  suggests  that 
findings of targeted dumping are far from being "exceptional" and merit our detailed attention.  

3.2. MAIN CASES 

In  December  2014,  the  US  ITC  terminated  a  sunset  review  concerning  imports  of  lightweight 
thermal paper from Germany, without the continuation of measures (please see achievements in 
the main part of this report).   

Definitive anti-dumping measures were imposed in a new investigation concerning non-oriented 
electrical  steel  (NOES)  imported  from  Germany  and  Sweden,  and  in  the  first  sunset  review 
concerning sodium nitrate imported from Germany. 

In  2014,  the  US  terminated  the  anti-dumping  investigation  against  imports  of  grain-oriented 
electrical  steel  (GOES)  without  the  imposition  of  measures.  The  grounds  for  the  termination 
were  that  the  imports  of  GOES  from  the  investigated  countries,  including  the  Czech  Republic, 
Germany and Poland, did not cause injury to the US industry.  

As  far  as  the  methodology  used  in  targeted  dumping  findings  is  concerned,  it  should  be  noted 
that Korea challenged its compatibility with WTO rules in a WTO panel in 2013 (dispute DS464: 
US – anti-dumping and countervailing measures on large washers from Korea). The EU made a 
third party written submission in that case in December 2014. The Commission will continue to 
closely monitor this dispute, as it concerns a systemic issue in relation to the US practice in AD 
investigations and will intervene in its subsequent stages as appropriate. 

4.  TURKEY 

4.1. OVERALL TRENDS  

Turkey  remains  a  very  active  user  of  trade  defence  instruments  overall,  and  also  regarding 
measures  against  the  EU.  It  initiated  3  new  safeguard  investigations  in  2014,  and  concluded  1 
ongoing  safeguard  investigation  by  imposing  measures.  In  3  other  safeguard  investigations  the 
measures  were  extended  for  the  second  time.  Turkey  has  continued  to  almost  systematically 
extend  existing  safeguard  measures.  The  Commission  remains  very  concerned,  because  the 
Turkish practice of systematic extensions of safeguard measures for the maximum duration of 8 

4 

 
 
 
 
years  is  highly  questionable.  In  particular,  because  the  situation  of  the  Turkish  domestic 
industries  concerned  has  significantly  improved.  Therefore  the  repeated  prolongation  of  the 
measures does not seem to be warranted. 

4.2. MAIN CASES 

The  3  new  safeguard  investigations  initiated  in  2014  concern  wall  paper  and  mobile  phones 
(initiated  in  December)  and  printing,  writing  and  copying  papers  (initiated  in  June).  These 
investigations  are still ongoing  with the active participation of the EU  producers as well as  the 
Commission and Member States. 

The  safeguard  investigation  concerning  imports  of  terephthalic  acid  (PTA)  was  concluded  in 
June 2014. Duties were imposed for 2 years at a relatively low level (4% for the first and 3.75%  
(please see achievements above). 

The  3  extension  investigations  concerning  safeguard  measures  on  spectacle  frames,  bags  and 
PET were concluded in 2014. Unfortunately all three investigations resulted in the 2nd extension 
of  the  measures.  The  Commission  has  identified  severe  weaknesses  in  all  three  cases,  made 
several  written  submissions  and  raised  the  issues  at  the  WTO  Committee  on  Safeguards,  on  a 
case by case level, as well as a systemic issue. 

ASIA (except for India and China) 

5.  INDONESIA 

5.1. OVERALL TRENDS 

In 2014, Indonesia initiated 3 new safeguard investigations and also imposed safeguard measures 
in 2 other cases. Its activity in the area of trade defence thus increased significantly as compared 
to 2013, making this country one of the most active users of the safeguard instruments in 2014. A 
similar disturbing trend was already observed in 2012, when Indonesia initiated 6 new safeguard 
proceedings.  These  investigations  are  however  more  of  systemic  than  economic  concern,  since 
EU exports are rarely affected.  

5.2. MAIN CASES 

New safeguard investigations were initiated against imports of  coated paper and paperboard, 
bars  and  rods  and  I  and  H  sections  of  other  alloy  steel.  Definitive safeguard  measures  were 
imposed  against  imports  of  wheat  flower  and  flat-rolled  product  of  iron  or  non-alloy  steel, 
(which  were  initiated  before  2013).  In  2014,  Indonesia  also  extended  the  existing  safeguard 
measures against imports of cotton yarn other than sewing thread. 

Similar  to  previous  cases,  the  safeguard  investigations  initiated  by  Indonesia  in  2014  targeted 
mainly  the  increased  imports  originating  from  other  Asian  countries.  The  Commission  stressed 
on  several  occasions  and  fora  that  the  erga  omnes  nature  of  the  safeguard  instrument  affects 
imports  from  all  countries  and  was  thus  not  the  appropriate  remedy  to  address  a  flood  of  low 
priced imports from one or few specific Asian countries. The Commission reiterated that another 
more  appropriate  instrument  should  have  been  considered  to  target  the  problems  faced  by  the 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
Indonesian  industry.  The  Commission  will  continue  to  closely  monitor  these  Indonesian 
safeguard proceedings and will intervene, as appropriate. 

6.  THAILAND 

As  in  2013,  Thailand's  trade  defence  activity  affecting  EU  exports  was  also  relatively  low  in 
2014.  Thailand  initiated  1  safeguard  investigation  against  non-alloy  hot  rolled  steel  flat 
products  in  coils  and not in coils and 1 anti-dumping expiry review investigation against  flat 
hot-rolled steel in coils and not in coils. In the first investigation, Thailand imposed definitive 
safeguard measures, whereas the expiry review has not been finalised yet.   

7.  JAPAN 

Japan is not a regular user of the trade defence instruments. In 2014 Japan concluded an expiry 
review on electrolytic manganese dioxide. The anti-dumping measures were extended for another 
5 years period.  

8.  THE PHILIPPINES 

8.1. OVERALL TRENDS 

In  2013,  the  Philippines  had  initiated  2  new  safeguard  investigations,  whereas  in  2014  the 
country  initiated  only  1  review  investigation  concerning  a  safeguard  measures.  The  two 
investigations initiated in 2013 were still ongoing in 2014. One of them was terminated 2015. 

8.2. MAIN CASES 

In 2014 the Commission intervened on several occasions in the safeguard proceeding concerning 
newsprint,  which  was  initiated  by  the  Philippines  in  2013.  Specifically,  the  Commission 
submitted  detailed  comments  in  October  and  December  2014,  highlighting  numerous  flaws 
identified in the report concerning preliminary findings. In particular, the Commission underlined 
that  the  safeguard  instrument  should  be  used  in  exceptional  circumstances  only,  and  that  a 
different  trade  defence  instrument  would  be  much  better  suited  to  address  massive  low  priced 
imports originating mainly in one Asian country. 

Other  2  investigations  concerning  imports  of  steel  angle  bars  (initiated  last  year),  and  against 
galvanised  iron  and  pre-painted  galvanised  iron  sheets  and  coils(initiated  two  years  ago), 
target mainly increased imports resulting from the implementation of the Free Trade Agreements 
between  the  ASEAN  Members  and  other  Asian  countries.  The  Commission  intervened  in  the 
latter case by submitting detailed comments on a number of flaws which were identified in the 
report  on  the  initiation  of  the  investigation.  This  investigation  was  finally  terminated  without 
imposition of safeguard measures in February 2015. 

The Commission will continue to closely monitor these safeguard proceedings in 2015 and will 
intervene as appropriate. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.  VIETNAM 

Vietnam's activity in the area of trade defence was very modest during the last two years. In 2013 
and  2014,  Vietnam  did  not  open  any  trade  defence  investigations.  The  only  trade  defence 
measure  in  force  relates  to  safeguard  duties,  which  were  imposed  in  2013  against  imports  of 
vegetable oils.  

10. MALAYSIA 

Malaysia is a very modest user of trade defence instruments. In 2013, Malaysia terminated 1 anti-
dumping  investigation  against  imports  of  newsprint  rolls  from  the  European  Union  without 
imposing  any  measures.  In  2014,  it  opened  1  safeguard  investigation  against  imports  of  hot-
rolled steel plate products of iron or non-alloy steel and other alloy steel. This investigation 
has  not  yet  been  finalised.  The  Commission  will  continue  to  monitor  this  case  and  will  not 
hesitate to intervene if the applicable WTO rules are not respected.  

11. TAIWAN 

Taiwan is not a regular user of trade defence instruments. In 2013 Taiwan initiated only 1 new 
investigation, which was the first one since 2003. This investigation was terminated in 2014. 

LATIN AMERICA 

12. BRAZIL 

12.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

In  2014,  Brazil  has  become  the  WTO  member  having  initiated  the  highest  number  of  anti-
dumping investigations against EU exports. After a steady trend in the past years, and following 
the  completion  of  the  modernization  process  of  the  Brazilian  TDI  law,  7  new  anti-dumping 
investigations  (compared  to  3  in  2013)  were  initiated  this  year,  involving  a  total  of  10  EU 
Member States.  

12.2.  MAIN CASES 

The  Commission  is  closely  monitoring  the  new  and  ongoing  cases  and  has  intervened  on  a 
number of occasions, through written submissions, letters and via participation in public hearings.  

In particular, the Commission is deeply involved in the defence of the ESBR (synthetic rubber) 
case. The first case against the EU and Argentina was terminated.  The subsequent reopening of 
the  same  investigation,  removing  Argentina  from  the  scope,  raised  doubts  regarding  its 
procedural soundness. Moreover, the case shows several important weaknesses in terms of injury 
and causation.  

Ongoing cases from previous years also required the Commission's attention, such as galvanized 
steel  wire  from  Sweden  and  plastic  tubes  for  blood  collection  from  UK  and  Germany.  The 
Commission has actively intervened in both cases making detailed technical submissions.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finally,  2  review  investigations  were  concluded  in  2014  with  the  continuation  of  measures 
regarding phenol from Belgium and Germany, and glazed paper from Finland. In the first case, 
the measures had been in place since 2002 and were prolonged until 2019. In the second case, the 
original measures were imposed in 2008 and the intervention of the Commission, together with 
the Finnish company involved could not avoid the continuation of measures for five more years. 

13. ARGENTINA 

13.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

In 2014, Argentina has resumed its use of trade defence instruments against the EU. In contrast to 
a  quiet  2013,  2  new  measures  were  imposed  and  1  new  investigation  was  initiated  (veterinary 
vaccines from France). This brings the total number of measures in force to 5 (as compared to 4 
in 2013). 

13.2.  MAIN CASES 

Argentina  imposed  measures  on  PVC  profiles  form  Germany  and  ceramic  borders  from 
Spain in June and July respectively. For both cases, the measures were published in the Official 
Journal a few weeks after the signature of the decree. The Commission formally complained to 
the Argentinian authorities about the legal uncertainty that late publications of measures represent 
for European companies. 

14. MEXICO 

14.1.  OVERALL TRENDS  

Mexico had not used trade defence instruments against the EU for some time (the last initiation 
was  in  2008).  This  trend  changed  in  2014,  with  the  initiation  of  2  new  anti-dumping 
investigations concerning steel products with significant EU interests. The only measures in force 
are carbon steel plate from Romania and carbon steel tubes from UK. 

14.2.  MAIN CASES 

The  2  new  anti-dumping  investigations  initiated  in  2014  concerned  hot  rolled  steel  coils  from 
Germany  and  France  and  carbon  steel  tubes  from  Spain.  Both  investigations  are  at  initiation 
stage and the EU industry has already requested the intervention of the Commission. A review of 
the anti-dumping measure on carbon steel tubes from the UK was also initiated in 2014.  

COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC and ECUADOR  

These  countries  are  sporadic  users  of  trade  defence  instruments.  However,  they  sometimes  use 
the  safeguard  instrument,  but  often  those  cases  are  of  no  or  low  economic  interest  for  EU 
producers.  This  was  also  the  case  for  the  4  safeguard  investigations  initiated  by  Colombia  in 
2014: steel wire rods, steel angles, steel bars and rods and steel plates. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 

15. MOROCCO 

15.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

With  3  anti-dumping  and  1  safeguard  measure  in  force,  as  well  as  1  new  ongoing  safeguard 
investigation, Morocco has become a regular user of TDI affecting the EU.   

15.2.  MAIN CASES 

The  EU  industry  is  particularly  concerned  by  the  new  safeguard  investigation  regarding  yet 
another steel product, i.e. cold rolled sheets and plated or coated sheets. The Commission has 
made several submissions and participated in a public hearing in February 2015. The main issue 
is  that  Morocco  included  in  its  analysis  the  imports  into  the  free  zone  of  Tanger,  although 
measures would not be applied in that zone (WTO jurisprudence requires a parallelism between 
the imports under analysis and the imports the measures will apply to1). By excluding the imports 
to Tanger, measures would not be justified for the plated and coated sheets.  

In the safeguard case regarding steel wire rods and reinforcing bars definitive measures were 
imposed in April 2014.  Concerning bars, measures were imposed despite the complete absence 
of a causal link between the injury and the increased imports. The domestic industry has still a 
very  comfortable  market  share  of  95%.    The  Commission  intervened  strongly  with  technical 
submissions  and  during  the  public  hearing  and  had  further  2  technical  meetings  with  the 
authorities in Rabat. Interventions on a higher political level also took place. As a result a higher 
quota  for  both  products,  shorter  duration  of  measures  and  faster liberalisation  was obtained (as 
also reported in the 11th report).  

 Definitive AD measures concerning hot rolled steel sheets were imposed in August 2014. The 
Commission raised the significant shortcomings of the case. In particular, the case was based on 
material  retardation  of  the  establishment  of  an  industry,  which  is  an  extremely  difficult  injury 
standard  to  prove,  and  to  our  knowledge,  has  not  been  used  by  any  other  authority  in  over  a 
decade. The Commission made submissions and defended the EU industry’s interest in a public 
hearing in Rabat. The case was mainly based on a business plan which, given the realities in the 
steel sector, aimed at a market share of 100% within 3 years while only 70% could be reached. 
Moreover,  over  that  period,  the  industry  significantly  increased  capacity,  production,  sales  and 
market  share,  which  cannot  be  considered  as  suffering  material  injury  in  terms  of  WTO  rules. 
Thus the imposition of measures was clearly not warranted.  

In  the  AD  investigation  concerning  A4  paper,  definitive  measures  were  imposed  in  October 
2014. Again, the Commission intervened several times supporting EU industry via submissions 
and  during  a  public  hearing  in  Rabat.  The  main  issue  in  this  case  was  a  lack  of  causal  link.  It 
appeared that the domestic industry was not able to produce one specific type of high-end quality 
paper for which there is however a high demand by users.   

The  AD  investigation  regarding  insulin  raised  specific  issues,  in  particular  as  it  involves 
procurement  by  tendering  and  also  public  interest  issues.  Through  the  imposition  of  measures, 

1 US steel –safeguards WT/DS 248/AB/R 

9 

 
 
 
 
                                                 
insulin  would  become  more  expensive  for  Moroccan  users/patients.  The  Commission  made  a 
submission  to  the  Moroccan  authorities  highlighting  these  issues.  Provisional  measures  were 
imposed  in  May  2014,  and  a  price  undertaking  was  accepted  by  the  Moroccan  authorities  in 
February 2015 (please see achievements in the main part of the report). 

16. EGYPT 

16.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

In 2014, Egypt initiated 2 safeguard investigations and 1 anti-subsidy investigation, and imposed 
one provisional safeguard measure. Compared to previous years this is a significant increase and 
is of particular concern, since here again safeguards seem to be the preferred instrument.  

16.2.  MAIN CASES 

In the safeguard investigation regarding steel re-bars it is not clear if the requirement of recent, 
sharp and sudden increase of imports is met, since imports fluctuate. Furthermore, the causal link 
is also not clear. The Commission intervened during the public hearing and made a post hearing 
submission. The investigation is still ongoing. 

The  safeguard  investigation  regarding  automotive  batteries  was  initiated  in  December  2014. 
The  main  issue  seems  to  be  a  lack  of  a  causal  link.  The  Commission  made  a  submission  on 
initiation and will continue to follow and monitor the case. 

Egypt  also  initiated  an  anti-subsidy  investigation  regarding  imports  of  Edam  cheese  from  the 
Netherlands. Egypt did not respect its WTO, nor its EUROMED obligations, when initiating the 
case  and  failed  to  inform  the  EU  and  offer  pre-initiation  consultations.  The  Commission  was 
informed  about  the  case  only  3  months  after  its  initiation.  The  Commission  then  submitted  a 
subsidy  questionnaire  and  replied  to  a  deficiency  letter  while  fully  reserving  its  legal  rights 
concerning the serious  procedural flaws by the Egyptian authorities. Belated consultations  took 
place in Cairo in January 2015.  The main issues in this case are that the subsidies targeted are 
green box subsidies, which are not trade distortive and thus not countervailable. Furthermore, the 
causal link is not convincing.  The industry was loss making at the beginning of the period and its 
profits increased when imports started to increase significantly. This seems to indicate that other 
factors are causing injury, if any, to the Egyptian industry. This appears to be confirmed by a lack 
of undercutting. At the beginning of March 2015, Egypt issued an “Essential facts and conclusion 
report” proposing the termination of the investigation (please see achievements in the main part 
of this report).  

17. TUNISIA 

17.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

Tunisia, historically not a frequent user of TDI, has initiated 2 safeguard investigations at the 
same time in September 2014.  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
17.2.   MAIN CASES 

The  SFG  investigation  regarding  glass  bottles  shows  several  important  shortcomings.  In 
particular,  inconsistencies  in  import  data  make  it  impossible  to  establish  a  trend.  The  product 
definition is unclear. Key information such as market shares is missing. It is also not clear if the 
industry is  indeed  suffering  serious  injury  caused  by  increased  import.  Other  factors,  such  as  a 
significant  increase  of  capacity,  and  an  important  increase  in  costs  due  to  increasing  energy 
prices, seem to have a significant impact on the situation of the industry. The Commission made 
a submission at initiation and will continue to closely follow and monitor the case.  

The  safeguard  investigation  concerning  fibre  board  showed  similar  shortcomings  as  the  glass 
bottle  investigation,  in  particular  inconsistencies  in  figures  and  lack  of  information  on  key 
indicators such as market share. In this case there seems to be a clear break in the causal link. The 
complaining  domestic  producer  imported  itself  a  significant  amount  of  fibre  board,  the  local 
capacity  is  insufficient  to  supply  domestic  demand,  important  quality  problems  of  the  local 
product, and an import increase of raw material prices.  The Commission made  a submission  at 
initiation and continues to closely follow and monitor the case. 

18. JORDAN 

18.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

Jordan has used the instruments occasionally in the past and has 1 safeguard measure on steel re-
bars in force. It initiated 1 new safeguard investigation in 2014. 

18.2.  MAIN CASES 

The safeguard investigation regarding A4 paper was initiated in August 2014. The requirement 
of a recent, sharp and sudden increase of imports does not seem to be fulfilled as imports in fact 
decreased in the most recent period. Furthermore, other factors seem to be the cause of injury (if 
any), in particular, insufficient local capacity, lack of competitiveness, and quality problems. The 
Commission  made  a  submission  at  initiation,  participated  in  a  hearing  in  Islamabad  and  will 
continue to closely monitor the case.  

OTHERS 

19. CANADA 

19.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

Canada is a moderate user of TDIs. It has 4 anti-dumping and 1 anti-subsidy measures in force 
against EU imports. It has not initiated any new investigations in 2014, but has initiated expiry 
reviews regarding refined sugar and bell peppers in early 2015. 

11 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
19.2.  MAIN CASES 

In December 2014, Canada published a notice of expiry regarding the anti-subsidy measures on 
refined sugar and asked parties to provide evidence in order to decide whether or not to initiate a 
4th expiry review in this case. As in all the previous reviews, the Commission cooperated in order 
to provide information showing that anti-subsidy measures against imports from the EU are not 
warranted any longer.  In particular, since the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2005, 
the EU sugar industry has been restructured and the production capacity reduced by 30%. In the 
previous review the Canadian authorities had come to the conclusion that EU imports would not 
be injurious. However, the Canadian sugar producers appealed that decision and won. As a result 
the  measures  were  continued  for  another  5  year  period.  The  Commission  will  continue  to 
cooperate in the current review investigation and intervene as appropriate.  

20. SOUTH AFRICA 

20.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

South Africa was not a regular user of the trade defence instruments concerning imports from the 
EU  until  2013.  In  that  year,  South  Africa  initiated  3  new  investigations  (1  anti-dumping  and  1 
safeguard  investigation  regarding  frozen  potato  chips  and  1  anti-dumping  investigation 
regarding frozen chicken). In 2014, no new investigations were initiated.  

20.2.  MAIN CASES 

In  the  anti-dumping  investigation  concerning  frozen  bone  in  portions  of  fowls  (‘chicken’) 
imported  from  Germany,  the  Netherlands  and  the  United  Kingdom,  provisional  duties  were 
imposed in April 2014, for a period of 9 months. These duties expired on 3 January 2015, and no 
final decision was taken at the time of producing this report. The Commission made a technical 
submission  commenting  on  the  disclosed  findings  following  which  duty  rates  were  reduced 
(proposed duty rates range from 0 to 73,33%). 

The case attracting the most technical as well as political attention in relation to South Africa in 
2014  was  frozen  potato  chips,  where  unusually,  the  EU  faced  two  parallel  investigations:  one 
safeguard and one anti-dumping. 

Concerning  the  safeguard  investigation,  the  Commission  has  been  very  active  (supporting  EU 
industry  and  concerned  Member  States),  including  bi-lateral  consultations,  hearings,  bi-lateral 
meetings with South Africa on a political, as well as a technical level, and exchange of high level 
letters. Despite these efforts, provisional safeguard duties of 61,42% were imposed in July 2013 
and lapsed in January 2014. 

In  parallel,  the  South  African  authorities  continued  with  the  anti-dumping  investigation  on  the 
same  product  and  imposed  provisional  measures  in  December  2013,  which  lapsed  in  June 
2014.In  July  2014,  South  Africa  decided  to  impose  definitive  safeguard  measures  for  2  years 
(40,92%  duty  in  the  first  year  and    20,45%  duty  in  the  second  year).  The  anti-dumping 
proceeding was suspended for this period. This final conclusion was highly contested by the EU 
in a letter to the authorities explaining the main concerns (prohibitive duties imposed on the basis 
of an outdated report, high market share of the domestic industry, and positive developments in 
the situation of domestic producers). The Commission will continue to closely monitor the case. 

12 

 
 
 
Concerning tall oil fatty acid, a sunset review was initiated on 22 November 2013 and it resulted 
in  a  conclusion  to  terminate  the  duties  on  imports  of  this  product  from  Sweden.  The  measures 
were in force since December 2008.   

21. EURASIAN  CUSTOMS  UNION  (RUSSIA,  KAZAKHSTAN,  BELARUS  AND  ARMENIA  AS 

FROM 2 JANUARY 2015)  

21.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

The year 2014 has also been very quiet in trade defence terms. The number of measures in force 
has  decreased  from  8  measures  in  2013  (of  which  7  safeguards)  to  4  in  2014.  While  no  new 
investigation  was  initiated,  nor  any  new  measure  imposed,  4  safeguard  measures  have  expired. 
Armenia  joined  the  Customs  Union  as  from  2  January  2015and  notified  the  WTO  that  the 
Eurasian measures would also apply to Armenia as from that date. 

21.2.  MAIN CASES  

The  Commission  has  decided  to  request  a  WTO  panel  against  Russia  concerning  the  anti-
dumping measures imposed on imports of light commercial vehicles. The official request was 
made  in  September  2014  and  mainly  concerns  the  lack  of  an  objective  injury  analysis  and 
procedural flaws. The substantive part of the Panel proceeding will take place in 2015.  

As  regards  the  safeguard  measures  on  combine  harvesters  and  modules  the  Commission  has 
strong  doubts  regarding  the  WTO  compatibility  of  these  measures,  and  the  quota  introduced 
(foreseen expiry on 21 August 2016) is particularly restrictive. 

22. UKRAINE 

22.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

Trade defence activity in Ukraine has been very quiet in 2014. 

Similar to 2013, at the end of 2014 there were 4 measures in force, 1 anti-dumping measure on 
float glass (currently being reviewed for a possible extension) and 3 safeguard measures on steel 
seamless casing and lifting pipes, cars, and porcelain table and kitchenware, of which 1 was 
imposed in 2014. 

22.2.   MAIN CASES 

The safeguard investigation on imports of porcelain tableware and kitchenware was concluded 
with the imposition of measures one year after its initiation, in May 2014. 

As  regards  the  safeguard  measures  on  cars,  Japan  requested  WTO  consultations  with  Ukraine 
(case  number  DS  468)  and  the  European  Union  joined  Japan  as  a  third  party  in  these 
consultations in 2013. While Japan decided to go ahead and request the establishment of a panel, 
the Commission did not join but instead intervened as a third party. The proceeding is still on-
going. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. AUSTRALIA 

23.1.  OVERALL TRENDS 

Following  a  sudden  increase  in  2013,  Australia  continued  to  use  trade  defence  instruments 
against  EU  imports  in  2014.  3  new  anti-dumping  investigations  were  initiated  (quenched  and 
tempered steel plate from Finland  and Sweden,  newsprint from France and  steel reinforcing 
bar from Spain) and three anti-dumping measures remained in force. Regarding new measures, 
Australia imposed 2 definitive anti-dumping duties compared to 1 in 2013 (processed tomatoes 
form Italy and quenched and tempered steel plate from Finland and Sweden). 

23.2.  MAIN CASES 

In April 2014, definitive measures were imposed on processed tomatoes from Italy (provisional 
measures  were  already  in  force  since  2013).  Duties  were  ranging  from  3.25%  to  26.35%  and 
concerned  only  55%  of  the  Italian  exports  to  Australia.  In  March  2014,  the  investigation  was 
terminated for the two main exporters because the  dumping margins found by the investigating 
authorities were below de minimis level (e.g. 2%) (please see achievements in the main part of 
the report). 

Subsequently,  the  Italian  exporters  concerned  by  the  measure,  together  with  the  Italian 
government,  lodged  a  review  application  and  an  administrative  review  of  the  measure  was 
initiated  in  May  2014.  In  parallel,  a  total  of  eight  Italian  producers  requested  a  new  exporter's 
review. 

The  Commission  had  actively  intervened  since  the  beginning  of  the  investigation  through 
different submissions to the Australian authorities, supporting Italian exporters during the whole 
investigation  process,  including  the  review.  In  essence,  it  seems  that  any  injury  is  caused  by 
factors  other  than  Italian  imports.  The  Commission  also  stressed  the  illegality  and  WTO 
incompatibility of the attempt to investigate alleged upstream subsidies in the context of an anti-
dumping investigation. 

Unexpectedly, the Australian authorities initiated a new anti-dumping investigation against the 2 
exporters with 0% dumping margin early in 2015, and only 10 months after the imposition of the 
anti-dumping  measures.  This  latest  initiation,  which  appears  not  to  be  based  on  any  new 
evidence,  is  seen  as  somewhat  discriminatory  and  unduly  burdensome  for  the  EU  exporters 
concerned, and the Commission will continue to defend their interests, as appropriate. 

24. NEW ZEALAND 

New Zealand did not initiate any new investigations in 2013 and 2014. 2 anti-dumping measures 
against canned peaches from Spain (since 2011) and from Greece (since 1997) are still in force. 
The duties against Greece were to expire in November 2014, but New Zealand initiated the third 
expiry  review  and,  as  a  consequence,  they  will  remain  in  force  at  least  until  the  end  of  the 
investigation. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex II – Measures in force at the end of 2012, 2013 and 2014 

Measures in force at the end of 2012, 2013 and 2014. 

Country 

AD 

CVD 

SG 

TOTAL 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

3 

0 

2 

8 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

5 

0 

1 

7 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

2 

1 

10 

0 

1 

5 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

1 

2 

7 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

4 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

3 

7 

3 

0 

1 

5 

3 

4 

4 

3 

4 

10 

11 

3 

1 

3 

0 

5 

3 

0 

9 

5 

0 

16 

19 

18 

0 

1 

1 

4 

0 

21 

8 

1 

0 

5 

1 

4 

0 

2 

4 

1 

1 

5 

2 

4 

10 

3 

18 

0 

2 

0 

0 

3 

2 

21 

10 

1 

1 

6 

1 

4 

1 

2 

5 

0 

0 

6 

4 

5 

12 

4 

17 

1 

1 

1 

0 

2 

4 

26 

6 

1 

1 

0 

1 

2 

4 

2 

4 

0 

1 

0 

5 

4 

13 

4 

18 

1 

40 

45 

32 

138 

152 

140 

Argentina 

Australia 

Belarus 

Brazil 

Canada 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Dominican Republic 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

Eurasian Customs Union 

India 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Jordan 

Kazakhstan 

Korea 

Mexico 

Morocco 

New Zealand 

Pakistan 

Peru 

Philippines 

Russia 

South Africa 

Thailand 

Turkey 

Ukraine 

USA 

Vietnam 

TOTAL 

5 

3 

0 

4 

3 

1 

10 

11 

2 

0 

2 

0 

5 

3 

0 

9 

4 

0 

15 

18 

16 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

19 

20 

22 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

2 

4 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

3 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

4 

0 

2 

5 

0 

0 

1 

3 

3 

5 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

3 

2 

4 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1 

6 

1 

17 

0 

94 

16 

0 

17 

0 

104 

104 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

4 

15 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Annex III – Measures in Force on 31.12.2014 

Country 
1  Argentina 
2  Argentina 
3  Argentina 
4  Argentina 

5  Argentina 

6  Australia 

7  Australia 
8  Australia 

9  Brazil 
10  Brazil 
11  Brazil 
12  Brazil 
13  Brazil 
14  Brazil 
15  Brazil 
16  Brazil 
17  Brazil 
18  Canada 
19  Canada 

20  Canada 
21  Canada 
22  Canada 
23  China 
24  China 

25  China 

26  China 

27  China 

28  China 
29  China 

30  China 
31  China 
32  China 

33  China 
34  China 
35  China 

Product 
Ceramic borders  
Coated paper 
Electrical terminals 
PVC profiles 
straight handsaw 
blades 
Prepared or preserved 
tomato products 
Processed dried 
currants 
Q&T Steel Plate 
Ethanolamines and 
triethanolamines 
Glazed paper 
Glazed papers  
Indigo Blue 
Laminated steel 
Lightweight paper 
Milk powder 
Phenol 
Seamless steel pipes  
Bell peppers 
Copper tubes 
Hot-rolled carbon steel 
plate and high-strength 
low-alloy steel plate 
Refined sugar 
Steel plate 
Adipic acid 
Alloy Seamless Tubes  
Caprolactam 

Certain high-
performance stainless 
steel seamless tube 
used for supercritical 
and ultra supercritical 
boiler technology  
Certain iron or steel 
fasteners 
Ethylene Glycol 
Monobutyl Ether   
Hydrazine Hydrate 
Optical fiber 

Perchlorethylene 
Photographic paper 
Polyamide-6 (PA6) 

Polyamide-6,6 
Polysilicone 

Measures in Force 

At 2014-Dec-31 

Instrument 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 

Type Of 
Measure 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Date Of 
Imposition 
2014-Jul-02 
2012-Jun-14 
2009-Apr-02 
2014-Jun-03 

AD 

AD 

AD 
AD 

AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 
CVD 
AD 
AD 
AD 

Definitive 

2008-Feb-21 

Definitive 

2014-Apr-16 

Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2009-Jan-14 
2014-Nov-05 

2013-Nov-04 
2011-Oct-06 
2008-Oct-22 
2008-Mar-24 
2013-Oct-04 
2012-Apr-23 
2001-Feb-23 
2002-Oct-16 
2005-Oct-07 
2010-Oct-19 
2014-Jan-02 

2004-Jan-09 
1995-Nov-06 
2014-Jun-04 
2009-Nov-02 
2014-May-10 

AD 

Definitive 

2011-Sep-22 

AD 

AD 

AD 
AD 

AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 
AD 
CVD 

Definitive 

2012-Nov-09 

Definitive 

2010-Jun-29 

2013-Jan-25 
2005-Jun-17 

2011-Apr-22 
2014-May-30 
2012-Mar-23 

2010-Apr-22 
2009-Oct-12 
2014-Apr-30 

Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

16 

Exporting MS 

Spain 
Austria, Finland 
Germany 
Germany 
Sweden 

Italy 

Greece 

Finland, Sweden 
Germany 

France, Italy, Hungary 
Finland 
Germany 
Germany, Finland 
Belgium, Germany, Finland, Sweden 
Denmark, Ireland 
Belgium, Germany 

Netherlands 
Greece 
Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania 

European Union of 15 
Denmark, Italy 
Germany, France, Italy 
Germany, France, Italy 
Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, 
Netherlands, Poland 
Germany, Spain, Italy, Sweden 

Germany, Spain, France, Italy, 
Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom 
Germany, France, Sweden 

France 
Denmark, Germany, France, Italy, 
Netherlands 
Germany, France 
Netherlands, United Kingdom 
Belgium, Germany, Italy, 
Netherlands, Poland 
France, Italy, United Kingdom 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
36  China 
37  China 
38  China 

39  China 
40  China 
41  Colombia 
Dominican 
Republic 

42 
43  Egypt 
44  Egypt 

Eurasian 
Customs 
Union 
Eurasian 
Customs 
Union 
Eurasian 
Customs 
Union 
India 
India 
India 
India 

45 

46 

47 
48 
49 
50 
51 

52 

India 

53 

India 

54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 

62 
63 

64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 

73 
74 

75 
76 
77 

India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 

India 
India 

India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 
India 

India 
Indonesia 

Indonesia 
Indonesia 
Indonesia 

Polysilicone 
Potato Starch 
Potato Starch 
Toluene Diisocyanate 
(TDI) 
Toluidine 
Wire rods 
Steel bars 

PET containers 
Steel Rebar 
Porcelain tableware 
and kitchenware 

Combine Harvesters 

Light commercial 
vehicles  

Acetone 
Aniline 
Caustic soda 
Caustic soda 
Cefadroxil 
Monohydrate  
Certain Rubber 
Chemicals 
Cold-Rolled Flat 
Products of Stainless 
Steel  
Hot Rolled Flat Steel 
Melamine 
Methylene Chloride 
Morpholine 
Pentaerythritol 
Pentaerythritol 
Phenol 
Polyvinyl Chloride 
Suspension Grade 
Resin 
Potassium carbonate 
Purified Terephthalic 
Acid 
PVC paste resin 
Saturated fatty Alcohols 
Seamless Pipes 
Soda Ash 
Sodium Citrate 
Sodium Nitrate 
Sodium nitrite 
Sodium Nitrite 
Stainless Steel Cold 
Rolled Flat Products of 
400 series having width 
below 600 mm 
Casing and Tubing 
Cotton yarn other than 
sewing thread  
Flat rolled iron  
Iron or Steel Wire 

AD 
CVD 
AD 

AD 
AD 
SG 

AD 
AD 
SG 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2014-Apr-30 
2011-Sep-17 
2007-Feb-06 

2013-Mar-13 
2013-Mar-13 
2014-Apr-30 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Provisional 

2014-Jul-30 
2011-Jun-14 
2014-Oct-14 

Germany, France, Netherlands 
Germany, France, Netherlands 
Germany, Spain, France, Hungary, 
Poland 
Germany 
Spain 
Spain 

Italy 
Spain, Italy, Bulgaria 
Germany, Poland, United Kingdom 

SG 

Definitive 

2013-Sep-29 

Germany 

SG 

Definitive 

2014-Jan-01 

AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 
AD 

AD 
AD 
SG 
SG 
AD 
SG 
AD 
AD 
SG 

AD 
SG 

SG 
SG 
SG 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2013-Jun-16 
2008-Mar-11 
2012-May-29 
2001-Jun-26 
2003-Oct-01 

Definitive 

2013-Oct-10 

Definitive 

2005-Nov-20 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2010-Feb-20 
2011-Oct-11 
2012-Jun-01 
2014-May-21 
2012-Jan-24 
2006-Apr-20 
2012-Jun-20 
2003-Mar-24 

Germany, Italy, Poland 

Belgium, Spain, Italy 

France 
Belgium, Italy 

Belgium, Germany, Italy 

Belgium, Spain, France, Italy, 
Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, 
United Kingdom 
Belgium, Germany, Slovenia, Finland 

Sweden 

European Union of 15 

Definitive 
Definitive 

2014-Jun-13 
2004-Feb-20 

European Union of 15 

Spain, Italy 

Bulgaria, Romania 

Bulgaria 
European Union of 15 

Belgium, Germany, Italy, Finland, 
Sweden 

2014-Jul-24 
2004-Oct-07 
2014-Oct-09 
2014-Aug-13 
2012-Feb-17 
2014-Dec-31 
2014-Nov-11 
2002-Nov-29 
2014-Feb-26 

2012-Oct-04 
2013-Aug-06 

2011-Jun-06 
2014-Jul-22 
2012-Nov-20 

Provisional 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
78 

Indonesia 

79 

Indonesia 

Wheat Flour 
Wire of iron/non-alloy 
steel not plated/coated, 
containing carbon < 
0.25% by weight 
Electrolytic Manganese 
Dioxide 
Bars and Rods 

Japan 
Jordan 

80 
81 
82  Korea/South  Stainless steel bar 

83  Mexico 

84  Mexico 
85  Morocco 
86  Morocco 
87  Morocco 
88  Morocco 
New 
Zealand 
New 
90 
Zealand 
91  Pakistan 
92  Pakistan 
93  Pakistan 

89 

94  Pakistan 
95  Philippines 

Carbon steel plate in 
sheets 
carbon steel tubes with 
longitudinal straight 
seam 
Bars and Rods 
Hot rolled steel sheets 
Insulin 
Paper A4 
Canned peaches 

Preserved peaches 

Formic acid 
Hydrogen Peroxide 
Phthalic Anhydride 
Tinplate (secondary 
quality) 
Testliner board 
Frozen chicken 

96  South Africa 
97  South Africa  Frozen potato chips 
98  South Africa  Potato chips 

99  South Africa 
100  South Africa  Tall Oil Fatty Acid 

Ropes & cables of iron 
or steel 

101  Thailand 
102  Thailand 
103  Thailand 

104  Thailand 

105  Turkey 

106  Turkey 
107  Turkey 
108  Turkey 

109  Turkey 
110  Turkey 
111  Turkey 
112  Turkey 

113  Turkey 

114  Turkey 

115  Turkey 
116  Turkey 
117  Turkey 

Cold-rolled flat 
stainless steel 
Glass Block 
Hot rolled steel flat 
Non Alloy Hot Rolled 
Steel Flat Products in 
(non) coils 
Certain electrical 
appliances 
Dioctyl ftalat (dioctyl 
orthophtalats) 
Fittings 
Float glass colourless 
Frames and mountings 
for spectacles 
Matches 
Mono-ethylene-glycol 
Motorcycles 
Polyethylene 
terephthalate 
Polyvinyl chloride 
(PVC) 

Travel goods, 
handbags and similar 
containers 
Trephtalic Acid 
Water heaters 

SG 

Definitive 

2014-May-04 

Germany 

Spain 

Spain 

United Kingdom 

Greece 

Germany, Finland 
Belgium 
Italy 
Belgium, Germany, France, 
Netherlands 
Belgium, Germany 
Germany, Netherlands, United 
Kingdom 

Belgium, Netherlands 
Germany, United Kingdom 

Sweden 
Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Italy, 
Finland, Sweden 
Czech Republic 

Definitive 

2011-Mar-23 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2008-Aug-29 
2013-Jun-16 
2004-Jul-30 

Definitive 

2005-Sep-22 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Provisional 
Provisional 

2010-Jan-06 
2014-Apr-01 
2014-Aug-12 
2014-May-16 
2014-Feb-13 

Definitive 

1998-Mar-09 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Provisional 

2011-Aug-04 
2006-Jul-07 
2011-Jul-15 
2013-Feb-07 

Definitive 
Definitive 

2009-Nov-16 
2010-Sep-16 

Provisional 
Definitive 
Provisional 

2014-Jul-04 
2014-Jul-25 
2013-Dec-20 

Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2002-Aug-28 
2009-Jun-05 

2003-Mar-13 
2011-Aug-18 
2013-Sep-15 

Definitive 

2014-Dec-22 

Definitive 

2012-May-19 

Belgium, France 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2011-Nov-29 
2006-Sep-07 
2013-Nov-17 

2008-Mar-05 
2009-Dec-23 
2010-May-02 
2007-Mar-02 

Definitive 

2011-Nov-07 

Italy 

Germany, Poland 
Bulgaria 
Spain, Italy 
Greece, Spain, Italy 

SG 

AD 
SG 
AD 

AD 

AD 
SG 
AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 

AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 
SG 

AD 
SG 
AD 

AD 
AD 

AD 
SG 
SG 

SG 

SG 

AD 
AD 
AD 

SG 
SG 
AD 
SG 

SG 

Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, 
Hungary, Netherlands, Finland, 
Romania 
Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, 
Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom 

Belgium, Spain, Poland 

AD 

Definitive 

2003-Feb-06 

SG 
SG 
AD 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2008-Mar-07 
2014-Aug-15 
2013-Sep-19 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
118  Ukraine 

119  Ukraine 

120  Ukraine 

121  Ukraine 

122 

122 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

137 

138 

138 

United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 

United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 

United 
States 

United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 
United 
States 

139 
140  Viet Nam 

Cars 
Float glass with 
thickness up to 3.5 mm, 
3.5 - 4.5 mm, more 
than 4.5 mm 
Porcelain tableware 
and kitchenware 
Steel Seamless Casing 
and Lifting Pipes 
Brass sheet & strip 

Brass sheet & strip 

Brass sheet & strip 

Certain Lightweight 
Thermal Paper  
Chlorinated 
isocyanurates 
Granular 
polytetrafluoroethylene 
resin 
Low enriched uranium 

Pasta 

Pasta 

Pressure sensitive 
plastic tape x673 
Purified 
Carboxymethylcellulose 
(CMC) 
Purified 
Carboxymethylcellulose 
(CMC) 
Seamless pipe 

Seamless pipe small 
diameter 
Sodium Nitrite 

Stainless steel bar 
x709  
Stainless steel butt-
weld pipe fittings 
Stainless steel plates in 
coils 
Stainless steel wire rod 
x743  
Stainless steel wire rod 
x745  
Steel concrete 
reinforcing bars 
Steel concrete 
reinforcing bars x752  
NOES 

Vegetable oils 

SG 

Definitive 

2013-Apr-14 

AD 

SG 

SG 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

Definitive 

2012-Apr-28 

Definitive 

2014-May-23 

Definitive 

2011-Oct-01 

Definitive 

1987-Mar-06 

Definitive 

1987-Mar-06 

Definitive 

1987-Mar-06 

Definitive 

2008-Nov-10 

Definitive 

2005-Jun-24 

Definitive 

1988-Aug-30 

Definitive 

2002-Feb-13 

CVD 

Definitive 

1996-Jul-24 

AD 

AD 

Definitive 

1996-Jul-24 

Definitive 

1977-Oct-21 

Austria, Poland, Slovakia, Romania 

Italy 

Germany 

France 

Germany 

Spain 

Italy 

France 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

Finland 

AD 

Definitive 

2005-Jul-11 

Netherlands 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 
SG 

Definitive 

2005-Jul-11 

Definitive 

1997-Mar-04 

Definitive 

2011-Oct-11 

Definitive 

2008-Aug-27 

Definitive 

1995-Mar-02 

Definitive 

2001-Feb-23 

Definitive 

1999-May-21 

Definitive 

1998-Sep-15 

Definitive 

1998-Sep-15 

Definitive 

2001-Sep-07 

Definitive 

2001-Sep-07 

Germany 

Spain 

Italy 

Belgium 

Spain 

Italy 

Latvia 

Poland 

Definitive 
Definitive 

2014-Oct-18 
2013-Sep-06 

Germany 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex IV – Investigation opened in 2012, 2013 and 2014 

Investigation opened in  2012, 2013 and 2014. 

Country 

AD 

CVD 

SG 

TOTAL 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

Argentina 

Australia 

Belarus 

Brazil 

Canada 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Costa Rica 

Dominican Republic 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

Eurasian Customs Union 

India 

Indonesia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Kazakhstan 

Kyrgyzstan 

Malaysia 

Mexico 

Morocco 

New Zealand 

Pakistan 

Philippines 

Russia 

South Africa 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Tunisia 

Turkey 

Ukraine 

USA 

Vietnam 

TOTAL 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

3 

0 

7 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

24 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

4 

3 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

0 

7 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

3 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

4 

0 

1 

0 

0 

4 

3 

2 

6 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

4 

0 

1 

1 

0 

3 

0 

3 

3 

2 

4 

4 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

2 

0 

3 

1 

0 

0 

2 

1 

2 

0 

1 

3 

0 

7 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

3 

0 

10 

3 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

3 

0 

0 

0 

23 

18 

23 

37 

43 

41 

 
 
  
 
Annex V – Detail of Investigations opened in 2014 

Investigations initiated during 2014 

Country 

Product 

Instrument 

Initiation Date 

Exporting MS 

Veterinary 
vaccines 
Newsprint 

4  Australia 
5  Brazil 

1  Argentina 
2  Australia 
3  Australia  Q&T Steel Plate 
Steel Reinforcing 
Bar 
Butyl Acrylate 
Elastomeric rubber 
pipes 
Offset printing 
plates 
Polymeric MDI 

6  Brazil 

7  Brazil 

8  Brazil 

9  Brazil 
10  Brazil 
11  Brazil 

12  China 
Costa 
Rica 

13 

14  Ecuador 

15  Egypt 
16  Egypt 
17  Egypt 
India 
18 

19 

India 

20 

India 

21 

India 

22 

India 

23 
24 

25 
26 

India 
India 

India 
India 

27 

India 

28 

Indonesia 

29 

Indonesia 

Indonesia 

30 
31  Jordan 

Rubber E-SBR 

Rubber E-SBR 
Vehicular lifts 
Heamodialysis 
equipment or 
Renal Dialysis 
Equipment or 
Artificial Kidneys 
Pounded Rice 

Wood & bamboo 
flooring 
Automotive 
batteries 
Edam cheese 
Steel Rebar 
2-Ethyl Hexanol 
Bare Elastomeric 
Filament Yarn 
Cold rolled flat 
products of 
stainless steel 
Fexible Slabstock 
Polyol  
Normal Butanol or 
N-Butyl Alcohol 
Not alloyed ingots 
of unwrought 
aluminium 
Phenol 
Saturated fatty 
Alcohols 
Sodium Citrate 
Sodium di-
chromate 
Bars and Rods, 
Hot-Rolled, in 
Irregularity Wound 
Coils 
Coated Paper and 
Paperboard, not 
including 
Banknotes 
H and I sections of 
other alloy steel 
Writing and printing 

France 

France 
Finland, Sweden 
Spain 

Germany 
Germany, Italy 

Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom 

Belgium, Germany, Spain, Hungary, 
Netherlands, Portugal 
Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland, 
United Kingdom 

Italy 

Spain 

Netherlands 
Spain, Italy, Bulgaria 

AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 
AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 

AD 
AD 
AD 

AD 

SG 

SG 

SG 
CVD 
SG 
AD 

SG 

SG 

SG 

AD 

SG 
AD 

SG 
SG 

SG 

2014-Nov-11 
2014-Apr-22 
2014-Jan-08 

2014-Oct-17 
2014-Dec-01 

2014-Jun-25 

2014-Feb-25 

2014-Jun-09 

2014-May-26 
2014-Feb-24 
2014-Jul-07 

2014-Jun-13 

2014-Feb-11 

2014-Aug-28 

2014-Dec-15 
2014-Jun-16 
2014-Oct-14 
2014-Nov-20 

2014-Feb-28 

2014-Sep-19 

2014-May-22 

2014-Nov-20 

2014-Apr-07 
2014-Oct-15 

2014-Feb-13 
2014-Mar-04 

2014-May-26 

SG 

2014-Jan-17 

SG 

SG 
SG 

2014-Jun-20 

2014-Feb-12 
2014-Aug-28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
paper size A4 
Hot-rolled steel 
plate of iron or 
non-alloy steel and 
Carbon steel tubes 
Hot rolled steel 
coils 
Cold rolled steel 
sheets and plated 
or coated sheets 
Non Alloy Hot 
Rolled Steel Flat 
Products in (non) 
coils 
Fibre board MDF 
Glass bottles 
Mobile phones 
Paper 
wall paper 

32  Malaysia 
33  Mexico 

34  Mexico 

35  Morocco 

36  Thailand 
37  Tunisia 
38  Tunisia 
49  Turkey 
40  Turkey 
41  Turkey 

SG 
AD 

AD 

2014-Aug-18 
2014-Dec-24 

2014-Sep-27 

Spain 
Germany, France 

SG 

2014-Jun-11 

SG 
SG 
SG 
SG 
SG 
SG 

2014-Jan-30 
2014-Sep-30 
2014-Sep-30 
2014-Dec-05 
2014-Jun-21 
2014-Dec-12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex VI - Measures imposed in 2012, 2013 and 2014 

Measures imposed in 2012, 2013 and 2014. 

Country 

AD 

CVD 

SG 

TOTAL 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2012 

2013 

2014 

Argentina 

Australia 

Belarus 

Brazil 

Canada 

China 

Chile 

Colombia 

Dominican republic 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

Eurasian Customs Union 

India 

Indonesia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Kazakhstan 

Mexico 

Morocco 

Pakistan 

Philippines 

Russia 

South Africa 

Thailand 

Turkey 

Ukraine 

United States 

Vietnam 

TOTAL 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

3 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

12 

17 

19 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

4 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

1 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

7 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

2 

0 

4 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

4 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

8 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

10 

14 

20 

27 

34 

 
 
  
 
Annex VII – Detail of Measures imposed in 2014 

Measures imposed during 2014 

Country 

Product 

1  Argentina 
2  Argentina 
3  Australia 

4  Australia 
5  Canada 
6  Canada 
7  China 

8  China 
9  China 
10  China 
11  Colombia 
12  Dominican Republic 

13  Egypt 

Eurasian Customs 
Union 
India 
India 
India 
India 

India 
India 
India 
India 
Indonesia 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

Indonesia 

24 
25  Morocco 
26  Morocco 
27  Morocco 
28  Morocco 

29  South Africa 
30  South Africa 

31  Thailand 

32  Turkey 

33  Ukraine 
34  United States 

Ceramic borders  
PVC profiles 
Q&T Steel Plate 
Prepared or preserved tomato 
products 

Steel plate 
Copper tubes 
Polysilicone 
Alloy Seamless Tubes  

Perchlorethylene 
Polysilicone 
Wire rods 
Steel bars 
Steel Rebar 

Combine Harvesters 

Saturated fatty Alcohols 
Sodium Nitrate 
Sodium Nitrite 
Seamless Pipes 
Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension 
Grade Resin 

Sodium Citrate 
Methylene Chloride 
Purified Terephthalic Acid 
Wheat Flour 
Flat rolled iron  

Hot rolled steel sheets 
Bars and Rods 
Insulin 
Paper A4 
Frozen chicken 

Frozen potato chips 
Non Alloy Hot Rolled Steel 
Flat Products in (non) coils 

Trephtalic Acid 

Porcelain tableware and 
kitchenware 
NOES 

Instrument 
AD 
AD 
AD 

Type Of 
Measure 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Date Of 
Imposition 

2014-Jul-02 
2014-Jun-03 
2014-Nov-05 

Exporting MS 

Spain 
Germany 
Finland, Sweden 
Italy 

Denmark, Italy 
Greece 

Germany, France, 
Italy 
Germany, France 

Spain 
Spain 
Spain, Italy, 
Bulgaria 
Germany 

Bulgaria 

Germany, 
Netherlands, United 
Kingdom 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

2014-Apr-16 
2014-Jun-04 
2014-Jan-02 
2014-Apr-30 

2014-May-10 
2014-May-30 
2014-Apr-30 
2014-Apr-30 
2014-Jul-30 

Provisional 

2014-Oct-14 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Provisional 
Definitive 

Definitive 
Definitive 
Definitive 
Provisional 
Provisional 

2014-Jan-01 
2014-Oct-09 
2014-Nov-11 
2014-Feb-26 
2014-Aug-13 

2014-Jun-13 
2014-Dec-31 
2014-May-21 
2014-Jul-24 
2014-May-04 

2014-Jul-22 
2014-Aug-12 
2014-Apr-01 
2014-May-16 
2014-Feb-13 

Provisional 
Definitive 

2014-Jul-04 
2014-Jul-25 

Definitive 

2014-Dec-22 

Definitive 

2014-Aug-15 

Belgium, Spain, 
Poland 

Definitive 
Definitive 

2014-May-23 
2014-Oct-18 

Germany 

AD 
AD 
AD 
CVD 

AD 
AD 
AD 
SG 
AD 

SG 

SG 
SG 
AD 
SG 
SG 

AD 
SG 
AD 
AD 
SG 

SG 
AD 
SG 
AD 
AD 

AD 
SG 

SG 

SG 

SG 
AD