GNSS market report. Issue 3, October 2013.
Date: 2015-04-27
Institutions: European GNSS Agency
Subjects: agricultural policy, industrial research, information technology, information technology applications, research project, satellite, satellite communications, satellite navigation

October 2013

GNSS Market Report – Issue 3

October 2013

GNSS Market Report – Issue 3

2

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOReWORD 

MARKeT DeFINITIONS 

eXeCUTIVe SUMMARY 

GNSS MARKeT 

LOCATION-BASeD SeRVICeS (LBS) 
ROAD 
AVIATION 
RAIL 
MARITIMe 
AGRICULTURe 
SURVeYING 

ANNeXeS 

MeTHODOLOGY 
ACRONYMS 
ABOUT THe AUTHORS 

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

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51
59

66
66 
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68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dear Reader,

I am pleased to present the 3rd edition of the GSA GNSS Market Report. The Market Development team has travelled a long way 
to build this comprehensive market knowledge source. We are glad to know that companies and organisations use GSA forecasts 
to assist in building their strategies. 

Over the years, the report has grown in size, presenting the complexity of the dynamic GNSS market. The previous edition of the 
report presented segments such as: Location Based Services, Road, Aviation, Maritime, Agriculture and Surveying. This release 
will also guide you through the use of GNSS in Rail. In order to allow the reader to have an overview of each market segment, 
we have introduced a reference page with four key graphs at the end of each section. 

To produce this report we used advanced forecasting techniques together with a validation process with market experts and estimated 
the size of the GNSS market in terms of shipments, revenues and installed base of receivers. 

The GNSS market is experiencing rapid developments and the global installed base of GNSS devices has surpassed 2 billion units, 
despite the economic slowdown.

Mindful of recent milestones and the fact that multi-constellation GNSS is becoming a reality, the prospects for the future are highly 
promising. 

I look forward to receiving your feedback and comments.

Carlo des Dorides
Executive Director

The European GNSS Agency (GSA)
market@gsa.europa.eu
Prague, October 2013

FOrEwOrd

3

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
4

MArKET dEFINITIONS

GNSS market

Market segments

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) market comprises products (receivers and devices) 
and services using GNSS-based positioning as a significant enabler.

 Location-Based Services (LBS): smartphones, tablets, digital cameras, laptops, fitness and 
people tracking devices, and mobile data revenues. 

Core and enabled markets

This market report primarily considers the core GNSS market. For multi-function devices, such 
as smartphones, the core market includes the value of GNSS functionality only (rather than 
the full device price) and service revenues directly attributable to GNSS functionality (e.g. data 
downloaded by smartphones to use Location-Based Services). 

For multi-function devices, a correction factor is taken into account, for example:

 GNSS-enabled smartphone: only the value of GNSS chipsets is counted, estimated at 1% of 
the price.

 Personal Navigation Devices (PNDs): 100% of retail value since GNSS is the key enabler.

 Aviation: the value of the GNSS receiver inside the Flight Management System is taken into 
account.

 Precision agriculture system: the retail value of the GNSS receivers, maps, and navigation 
software is counted.

The Executive Summary also presents results for the enabled market. The enabled market repre-
sents the services and devices enabled by GNSS, and includes the core market. For the enabled 
market, the entire retail value of the smartphone is included.

Geographic Coverage

  European Union (EU27)*
 North America (USA, Canada, Mexico)
 Rest of the World (including non-EU European countries)

 Road: Personal Navigation Devices (PNDs) and In-Vehicle Systems (IVS) used for navigation; 
devices used for Road User Charging (RUC), Pay-Per-Use-Insurance (PPUI), eCall, and Advanced 
Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS); and other devices supporting Intelligent Transport Systems 
(ITS) applications and data revenues for traffic information services.

 Aviation: GNSS-certified devices for commercial, regional, general & business aviation, and 
uncertified devices aiding pilots flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR).

 Rail: GNSS usage in safety-critical devices supporting signalling (high and low density lines) 
and non-safety devices supporting other applications (asset management and passenger 
information).

 Maritime: GNSS devices to support general navigation, the Automatic Identification System 
(AIS), the Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) System, port operations (including 
portable pilot units), dredging, and search & rescue beacons.

 Agriculture: GNSS devices used for tractor guidance, automatic steering, asset management, 
and Variable Rate Technology (VRT).

 Surveying: GNSS devices to support land surveying (including cadastral, mining, construction, 
and mapping) and marine surveying (including hydrographic and off-shore surveys).

Terminology used in charts

 Shipments: the number of devices sold in a given year

 Installed base: the number of devices currently in use

 revenue: the revenue from device/service sales in a given year

* Croatia is counted within Rest of the World for this  issue of the report. It will be included in the EU28 in the next edition of the Market Report.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Seven billion GNSS devices by 2022 – almost one for every person on the planet

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

5

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

CAGR: 9%

CAGR*: 22%

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North America

Rest of the World

 Over the coming decade, the installed base of GNSS devices 
will increase almost four-fold, largely driven by increased 
penetration in regions outside Europe and North America. 

 Such a large number of devices, almost one GNSS receiver 
for every person on the planet, has the potential to deliver 
additional significant benefits, not measured in this report, 
especially in terms of time and fuel savings, as well as 
efficiency gains. 

 It is expected that the number of GNSS devices will increase 
in Europe and North America from 1 to 3 per inhabitant 
over the coming decade.

 For the Rest of the World, rapid growth, albeit from a low 
initial starting point, will see an increase from 1 device 
per 10 inhabitants to 1 per 2 inhabitants over the coming 
decade. 

* CAGR refers to the Compound Annual Growth Rate.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
6

A growing GNSS market offers opportunities in a complex technological landscape

 The projected long-term growth revenues indicates signifi-
cant business opportunities, however the changing tech-
nological environment (e.g. use of communications and 
other positioning technologies alongside GNSS, and the 
emergence of new constellations) requires constant inno-
vation on the supply side. 

 Although various location technologies are integrated in 
one device, GNSS will remain one of the main sources of 
outdoor positioning information.

 Global enabled GNSS markets are forecasted to grow 
to approximately €250 billion per annum by 2022. Core 
revenues are expected to reach €100 billion in 2019.

 Worldwide regulatory measures are being undertaken in 
several domains to promote the use of GNSS. For example, 
regulatory requirements for emergency location sharing, 
such as the European eCall, the mobile 911 (North America) 
and 112 (Europe), or Search and Rescue (SAR) services, 
promise to provide further impetus for growth in Europe 
and North America over the next five to ten years.

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Global GNSS market size

CAGR: 5%

CAGR: 9%

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Core revenue (Global)

Enabled revenue (Global)

Note: definitions of core and enabled revenues are included in the Market Definition section. In this issue of the market report, the global core revenue projections are lower in absolute terms in respect to the previous issue. This is mainly due to an improvement in the 
methodology for calculating LBS data revenues, which is modified to better reflect the proportion of mobile internet service revenues attributable to Location-Based Services, and due to actual and forecasted reduction in PND sales. 

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013ExEcutivE summary 
Smartphones dominate global GNSS revenues and are expanding into other market 
segments

7

Cumulative core revenue 2012-2022

Agriculture

Surveying

1.4%

4.1%

47.0%

LBS

0.1%

Rail

46.2%

Road

Aviation

1.0%

0.3%

Maritime

 New smartphone capabilities alongside integrated tech-
nologies are blurring the market segment breakdowns, as 
LBS devices increasingly support navigation and services 
in other applications.

 LBS is forecasted to be the largest market segment by rev-
enue, overtaking Road, where the PND market continues 
to decline, being cannibalised by the use of smartphones 
in cars. LBS devices are also being increasingly used in 
general aviation and leisure maritime. 

 New applications are continually introduced and consum-
ers have begun to appreciate the capabilities of LBS in 
their daily lives.

 Competitive pricing has made smartphones more afford-
able and their market share is rapidly increasing compared 
to traditional mobile phones without GNSS capability; 
leading to an increase in GNSS penetration, especially in 
lower income countries.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013ExEcutivE Summary 8

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

Multi-constellation receivers become widely available on the market

GNSS capability in receivers*

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

GPS

SBAS

Galileo

GLONASS

BeiDou

 Multi-constellation devices that use all navigation signals 
in view are becoming more common in the market, offer-
ing increased availability (appreciated especially in urban 
environments) and more robust performance in profes-
sional applications (e.g. in Surveying). 

 More than 70% of models available on the market are 
GPS-SBAS capable (SBAS comprising WAAS, EGNOS, and 
MSAS) and the penetration will grow further with the 
expansion of SBAS coverage around the globe. 

 Galileo is recognised as a valuable element in multi-con-
stellation systems, and it is already present in more than 
30% of receiver models, well ahead of its full operational 
capability. 

 GLONASS is the second constellation of choice after GPS.

 BeiDou  published  its  Interface  Control  Document  in 
December 2012. Several equipment manufacturers, par-
ticularly those based in Asia-Pacific have started to offer 
BeiDou-enabled models. 

* Source: GSA analysis based on GPS World Survey 2013. Percentages based on number of models available, not sales

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

eU shipments and revenues will increase strongly over the next decade

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

9

Shipments (in millions) of GNSS devices to the eU27

Revenue (in billion €) raised in the eU27

218

218

441

441

613

613

10.9

10.9

17.9

17.9

23.5

23.5

2012

2012

2017

2017

2022

2022

2012

2012

2017

2017

2022

2022

*Note: The sizes of the bubbles and number represent shipments to end-users in the EU27.

*Note: The sizes of the bubbles and number represent revenues raised from end-users in the EU27.

  The shipments of GNSS-enabled devices in the EU27 will grow from 218 million to more than 600 million per annum by 2022. Revenues are expected to more than double over the decade 

to €24 billion in 2022.

  The EU market will continue to grow (both in terms of shipments and revenues), indicating that even in the developed world the market remains far from saturated.

  The growing LBS market, with EU unit sales projected to reach almost 450 million units by 2017, remains the largest segment, followed by Road, which together account for c. 99% of all 

shipments. 

  On the supply side, EU-based companies have strong positions in antenna manufacturing, automotive, rail, surveying, defence/public utilities, and telecoms. A recent GSA study found the 

EU share in global market volume in these fields to be between 27% and 45% in 2011.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

10

EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

consolidating the market position
EGNOS, the European Satellite Based Augmentation System, increases the accuracy of GPS posi-
tioning and provides information on its reliability (integrity), making it suitable for safety-critical 
applications. EGNOS has been fully operational since 2009.

Consisting of three geostationary satellites and a network of ground stations, EGNOS is inter-
operable with WAAS (US), MSAS (Japan), and GAGAN (India).

Designed primarily for Aviation, EGNOS has been widely adopted in other segments, such as 
Agriculture and Road. 

An enhanced version of EGNOS is currently under development. It will offer Galileo corrections 
and a wider coverage area expanding into Africa and the Middle East.

early Services on the horizon
Galileo, Europe’s own Global Navigation Satellite System, will provide highly 
accurate global positioning services worldwide firmly under civilian control and wholly interop-
erable with GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou. Many GNSS receivers and chipsets in the marketplace 
are already “Galileo-ready”.

Galileo  is  currently  finalising  its  In-Orbit  Validation  (IOV)  phase  using  an  initial  group 
of 4 satellites launched during 2011-2012. On 12th March 2013, Galileo passed an historic 
milestone for European space when the very first determination of a ground location fix 
was achieved. 

Galileo Services

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Open Service (OS) – a freely accessible service for positioning, navigation and 

timing, utilising the dual-frequency Galileo Signal in Space (SIS). The Open Service is 

global and free to use.

Stable signals

Open Service

Early Service

Public Regulated Service (PRS) – an encrypted, secure service with additional 

advanced features designed for greater robustness and higher availability, primarily 

public regulated Service

pilot projects

Early Service

directed at government/public sector operations.

Commercial Service (CS) – delivers authentication and high accuracy services for 

Commercial Service

commercial applications.

Search and Rescue Service (SAR) – assists in locating people, vessels and aircraft in 

Search and rescue

distress, with confirmation that help is on the way.

demonstrator Early Service

Early Service

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Location-Based Services

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GNSS MArKET

LOCATION-BASEd SErVICES

Mobile applications getting closer to where you are

Key market trends:

 Growing diversity of mobile applications, also integrating location-based information in camera view (augmented reality). 
 Use of GNSS in devices traditionally unrelated to location. 
 Increasing number of devices per user and regional expansion towards developing countries.

Complexity of LBS segment

Applications: personal navigation, point of interest 
search, LBS advertising, person and objects tracking, 
emergency caller location, location based 
gaming, sport and entertainment, weather 
information and news, social networking

Application Stores:
Apple App Store
Windows Phone Store
Google Play
Amazon App Store

Devices: Smartphones, 
tablets, digital cameras, 
fitness and tracking 
devices, binoculars

Recent developments:
  Augmented reality – an information overlay in mobile 

devices on top of the physical world.

  Indoor positioning – location of people and objects inside 
large buildings, such as airports and shopping centres.

Upsurge in number of applications:
  775,000 in Apple App Store in 2013.
  700,000 in Android Apps compared to 88,000 in 2011.
  An estimated 40% of applications use location information.

  Integration of positioning into devices such as cameras, watches, and 

binoculars.

  Location information sent from devices to application layers to enable 

sharing and tracking (e.g. for recording the distance run, social networking).

  Various positioning technologies integrated into one device.
  GNSS remains the primary positioning solution outdoors, offering better accuracy 

than Cell ID and Wi-Fi .

  Technological developments concentrate on seamless integration and the switch from 

Technology:
Cell ID, Wi-Fi,
GNSS, 
INS 

outdoor to indoor positioning.

* Indoor Messaging System

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

examples of applications:
  Foursquare – users “check in” at a certain location, 

enabling social networking, finding points of interest 
and recommending places.

  Wikitude – augmented reality application, adding 
information to camera view on points of interest, 
tourist information, etc.

  Find Me Maybe – sends geo-localized SMS to Facebook 
and Twitter informing contacts of the user’s situation.

  Binoculars – built-in GPS receiver automatically  

geo-tags video clips and photos.

  Fitness devices – GPS watches for runners, cyclists, and 

swimmers.

  Augmented reality glasses.

  IMES* – provides 3D position in indoor locations with 
an accuracy of about 10 m. The same GNSS receiver 
can process both GNSS and IMES signals leading to 
seamless navigation between outdoor and indoor 
environments.

* Indoor Messaging System

LBS value chain

 LOCATION-BASEd SErVICES

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY 

GNSS MArKET

13
13

Chipset 
Manufacturers

Device  
Vendors

Service & Content 
Providers

App Developers
& Retailers

App Stores

  Broadcom
  CSR-SiRF
  Fujitsu Ltd
  Intel
  Mediatek
  Qualcomm
  Skytraq
  STM
  Texas Instruments
  U-Blox AG

  Integration of sensors and RF 
technologies (GNSS, GSM, Wi-Fi) 
together with GNSS multi-
constellation.
  Continuous improvements in 
cost, power consumption and 
performance.

  Smartphone/tablet: 
Apple, HTC, Huawei, Malata, 
Nokia, RIM, Samsung, ZTE 
  Cameras: 
Canon, Nikon, Sony
  watches: 
Garmin, Suunto, Timex
  pCs: 
Apple, Dell, HP, Lenovo
  people tracking:  
Garmin, Pocket Finder, Spot
  OEMs: 
Pegatron, Wistron

  Highly competitive global 
market with rapid innovation 
and integration along the value 
chain, tying together content, 
platforms, and applications. 
  Increasingly GNSS is a standard 
feature in many platforms, such 
as digital cameras, laptops, 
watches, and personal tracking.

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  Apple App Store 
  Amazon App store
  Google Play
  Windows Phone Store

  The market is dominated by 
the major platform developers, 
Apple and Google, that have 
become particularly strong 
players in the value chain.

App developers: 
  Apple, Electronic Arts, Google, 
Microsoft, TripAdviser, Yelp, 
Zynga
Retailers: 
  Airlines
  Banks
  General retailers
  Media companies
  Mobile Network
  Operators
  Transport providers
  Vehicle manufacturers

  Retailers commission apps and 
benefit from new opportunities 
for customer relationship 
management and vehicles for 
location-based advertising.
  App developers are increasingly 
consolidated, however there are 
many small scale hobbyists who 
develop highly useful apps.

  Apple
  Garmin
  Google
  Nokia
  TomTom
  Assistance data providers 
  Mobile Network Operators

  The increasing demand for 
location-based applications 
opens up new opportunities for 
service providers.
  Increasing value perceived in 
controlling mapping solutions 
e.g. Apple Maps set up so as to 
be independent of Google Maps 
data.
  The decline of the automotive 
PND market pushed many 
important players to utilise their 
assets (such as map and traffic 
information data) to become a 
service provider.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
14

GNSS MArKET

LOCATION-BASEd SErVICES

The LBS market has seen phenomenal growth

Shipments of GNSS devices by region

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25%

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15%

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5%

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2007

2008

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2011

2012

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

GNSS penetration

  GNSS penetration worldwide increased from 5% in 2006 to 20% in 2012. In Europe and North 

America, more than half of mobile phones have GNSS capability.

  Global shipments of GNSS-enabled LBS devices have grown from 150 million to 800 million 

in the last five years (40% CAGR).

  The Rest of the World represents approximately 50% of the market and is growing quickly 
due to rapid economic growth in these regions and decreasing device prices, making them 
more affordable.

* The penetration represents the percentage of LBS devices in use that are GNSS enabled

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Rapid evolution of GNSS capability in LBS:

  The first LBS services were launched in 2001 by TeliaSonera in Sweden 
and by EMT in Estonia, relying on the Ericsson mobile positioning 
system.

  The first advertisement for iPhone was broadcast during the 79th 

Academy Awards in 2007.

  Mobile apps exploded onto the market in 2008 with the launch of 
the App Store – allowing 3rd party developers access to the iPhone 
platform for the first time.

  In 2009 Google introduced turn-by-turn directions as a feature of its 

Android operating system, hastening the demise of the Road Portable 
Navigation Device (PND) market whilst providing greater access to 
driving, cycling, and walking directions.

  MTS launched the first GLONASS smartphone in 2011. 

  In 2013 Google announced an open beta test of its Google Glass 

augmented reality glasses.

 
 
Further growth will be additionally stimulated by new GNSS platforms

 LOCATION-BASEd SErVICES

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY 

GNSS MArKET

15
15

Shipments of GNSS devices by platform

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2,500

2,000

1,500

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50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

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2012

2013

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2015

2016

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2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Smartphones
Tablets
Digital cameras

Portable computers
Fitness devices
People tracking

GNSS penetration in installed base

  Location-Based Services are a perfect fit with the increasingly fast pace of life, especially in 
large cities. They respond to the growing needs for mobility in urban environments and for 
getting to destinations more quickly. They also facilitate faster social networking in scarce free 
time. 

  This, combined with increased affordability of smartphones and other GNSS-enabled platforms, 
will drive the future growth of the LBS market; expected to be 10% CAGR over the next decade.

  Smartphones comprise 90% of LBS devices sold. However, with the growing penetration of 
tablets and increased GNSS usage in digital cameras, the smartphone share will decrease over 
the next decade. 

  There has been a substantial increase in the number of forecast smartphone  shipments since 
the last issue of the market report. This is driven by the falling price of smartphones relative 
to users’ incomes.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
16

GNSS MArKET

LOCATION-BASEd SErVICES

Galileo offers benefits for advanced LBS applications

The most important GNSS characteristics for the LBS market are Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) and availability. Use of assisted GNSS lowers TTFF by transferring part of the data used to determine the 
position over mobile networks.

Several test results show that availability is significantly improved (especially in urban canyons) by the existence of additional satellite constellations.

GNSS capability of LBS chipsets*

Galileo will contribute to better performance in LBS

Availability will be further improved by the use of Galileo satellites, enhancing 
continuity of service in urban environments.

Galileo, as a part of a multi-constellation solution, can respond to the need for higher ac-
curacy for some more demanding applications. For example, the ability to locate a user 
in front of a particular shop opens new opportunities for location-based advertising.

State-of-the-art signal characteristics of Galileo will have better resistance to multipath interfer-
ence (interference from reflected signals).

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

GPS

SBAS

Galileo

GLONASS

BeiDou

example of R&D project: i-Going

example of R&D project: PeRNASVIP

Although 90% of phone usage occurs indoors, there are no suitable services 
yet to provide accurate positioning of these devices inside buildings.

i-Going project develops a service that generates specific indoor signals 
by making use of a network of pseudolites, which are installed inside buildings and are 
connected to a localisation server that manages them.

More information can be found at: http://www.igoing.eu

Visually disabled people have striking needs for trustful navigation sys-
tems that improve their day-to-day autonomy. Existing positioning and 
navigation technologies still lack accuracy and reliability or they rely on 
costly infrastructures.

PERNASVIP aims to develop a GNSS-based mobility service with EGNOS/Galileo capabili-
ties that solves these problems in an urban environment. The service meets the 4m level of 
accuracy and reliability, enabling efficient mobility in daily life.

More information can be found at: http://pernasvip.di.uoa.gr/index.php

* Source: GSA analysis based on GPS World Survey 2013. Percentages based on number of models available, not sales.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

LBS Reference Charts

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

Installed base of GNSS devices by platform

 LOCATION-BASEd SErVICES

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY 

GNSS MArKET

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2021

2022

Smartphones and mobile handsets
Tablets
Digital cameras

Portable computers
Fitness devices
People tracking

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

GNSS penetration

* Percentage of mobile subscriptions, portable computers, tablets, ﬁtness and

people-tracking devices that are GNSS-enabled

Core revenue from GNSS device sales and services by region

Core revenue from GNSS device sales and services by platform
80

2012

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2014

2015

2016

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2018

2019

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2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

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2022

Data revenue (smartphones and tablets)**
Smartphones and mobile handsets**
Tablets
Digital Digital cameras

Portable computers

Fitness devices
People tracking

** Includes only value attributable to GNSS functionality

In comparison with Issue 2 of the market report, smartphone sales forecasts have been revised upwards due to faster penetration growth than expected. In addition, the methodology for 
projecting LBS data revenues has been refined to only consider location-enabled LBS applications; whereas previously location-assisted LBS applications (substantially more numerous) had 
also been included. This refinement results in an overall reduction in the LBS data revenues which is attributable to the methodological refinement and not to real shrinkage of the market. 

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
18

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

19

Road

20

GNSS MArKET

rOAd

GNSS consolidates its position in vehicles

Key market trends:

  Increased regulatory pressure for emergency location sharing and safety-related applications drives the demand for telematics equipment, 

which serves as a platform for innovative applications.

  dedicated nomadic GNSS devices (pNds) are becoming redundant with increasing use of smartphones and better affordability of In-Vehicle Systems (IVS).

Current industry view

Lower costs of data connectivity and consumer electronics drive the development of new appli-
cations. The number of embedded devices and On-Board Units (OBUs) is growing, replacing 
traditional nomadic devices (e.g. PNDs). Smartphones are increasingly used for road navigation 
purposes. New Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services are expected to be deployed in the 
coming years, taking the use of GNSS far beyond in-vehicle navigation. 

The following applications beyond traditional navigation are selected for this report:

  Pay-per-use insurance (PPUI) enabling pricing policies based on timing, location and driving 

behaviour.

  Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicles where GNSS, comple-
mented by sensors (e.g. camera, radar) and communications systems (e.g. Wi-Fi, 3G), is used 
to enhance intelligent vehicle safety systems (e.g. intelligent speed adaptation, lane change 
assistance, curve speed warning, collision avoidance, automated driving).

  Road User Charging (RUC) solutions, determining the position of vehicles using GNSS data 
received by OBUs, which calculate road tolls based on distance travelled at a particular loca-
tion and time.

  Satellite road traffic monitoring using real-time traffic information. The floating car location 
data, collected in real-time from vehicles, are sent to a central processing centre and shared 
with interested parties.

  eCall - see description on the right side of the page.

eU policies drive GNSS adoption:

Digital Tachograph (DT)

  EU policy has made DTs mandatory for vehicles with a mass of more than 3.5 tonnes in goods 
transport and those carrying more than 9 persons in passenger transport, in order to enforce 
rules on driving times and rest periods, guaranteeing fair competition and road safety.

  The new regulation introduces the use of GNSS positioning in future DTs. GNSS technology 
will help automate operations so far performed manually to record the position of the vehicle 
at determined points, with estimated cost-saving of €350 million per year for the sector. The 
presence of GNSS in DTs will also foster the use of the satellite-based positioning to guarantee 
to origin and the integrity of the DT records and will open up further possibilities for the intro-
duction of a standardised interface to support Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications.

eCall

According to a new regulation proposed by the European Commission, all new types of pas-
senger cars and light vehicles will need to have an eCall system from 2015.

The eCall system will automatically:

  send an emergency call to 112 in case of accident, offering rapid assistance to drivers in every 

part of the European Union.

  provide vehicle identity and GNSS-based location, shortening the intervention time.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Road Value Chain

rOAd

GNSS MArKET

21

Chipset 
Manufacturers

Tier 1 and 
Device Vendors

Service 
Providers

Original equipment
Manufacturers

Users

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  Broadcom
  CSR-SiRF
  Furuno
  Japan Radio Co.
  Mediatek
  Pulse Electronics
  Qualcomm
  ST Micro
  U-Blox

  Bosch
  Continental
  Denso
  Ficosa
  Garmin
  Magneti Marelli
  Siemens
  TomTom

  Fuel/fleet card issuing 
companies
  Mobile network operators
  Traffic information providers
  Telematics service providers
  Toll operators

 BMW
 Daimler
 Fiat
 Ford
 General Motors
 Jaguar Land-Rover
 Peugeot Citroen
 Renault Nissan
 Toyota
 Volkswagen
 Volvo

  Car owners
  Fleet operators
  Insurance companies
  Member States

  GNSS performance continues 
to improve through availability 
of new modern signal 
processing techniques and 
closer integration with various 
technologies (Assisted GNSS,  
Wi-Fi, and other sensors). 
  New products include multiple 
constellation capability – 
essential for many urban ITS 
applications.

  The use of nomadic devices 
in  cars is decreasing which, 
together with price erosion, 
results in lower revenues. 
  PND market is strongly 
cannibalised by the use of 
smartphones in vehicles. 
  The share of embedded devices, 
supported by regulation and 
consumer demand, is increasing. 

  Apart from map data 
providers, this market is not yet 
consolidated and includes many  
business models. 
  The level of innovation is high 
and convergence with internet 
and mobile applications is 
taking place. 
  In ITS deployed scenarios GNSS-
enabled services are expected to 
become a key revenue driver.

  Platform convergence is 
expected, driven by common 
data standards, lower data 
tariffs, and interest in vehicle 
connectivity. 
  EU eCall regulations by 2015 
will support the market for 
embedded devices and could 
be an incentive to leverage 
development costs through 
a wider service offering (e.g. 
ADAS, infotainment).

  The socio-economic benefits 
coming from GNSS help 
to overcome some of the 
challenges on the road such as 
rising congestion, pollution, and 
costs of fuel and insurance. 
  These challenges drive new 
service offerings e.g. asset 
tracking, PPUI insurance, and 
real-time traffic information.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
22

GNSS MArKET

rOAd

PNDs further replaced by embedded devices

Shipments of GNSS devices by application

  The appearance of the first GNSS-based RUC schemes resulted in the uptake of dedicated 
OBUs with the market share increasing from almost zero in 2009 to more than 2% of all road 
devices sold in 2012.

  The installed base of GNSS devices quadrupled from 2006 to 2012, reaching over 200 million 

devices (see reference page).

  Significant growth in installed base was observed in all regions, as average device prices fell 

and GNSS-based Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) became more common in vehicles.

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2011

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Personal Navigation Device (PND)
In-Vehicle System (IVS)

RUC
PPUI

eCall
ADAS

  With smartphone navigation becoming increasingly popular, the PND market has been declin-

ing since 2009*.

  Lower connectivity costs and emergence of innovative solutions linked with infotainment 
platforms have resulted in increased uptake of IVS. The IVS market grew by approximately 
13% CAGR between 2009 and 2012.

* Smartphones used for navigation in vehicles are excluded in the Road segment device shipments charts and presented as part of the LBS market.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
New ITS applications drive market growth

rOAd

GNSS MArKET

23
2323

Shipments of GNSS devices by application

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2020

2021

2022

Personal Navigation Device (PND)
In-Vehicle System (IVS)

RUC
PPUI

eCall
ADAS

  Increased connectivity of vehicles and GNSS multi-constellation capabilities expand new 

products and urban ITS applications in Road.

  PNDs, replaced by multi-function devices, are forecast to account for only 10% of total Road 

GNSS device shipments by the end of the decade.

  New applications in use from 2015 are driven by the eCall initiative and related to reliable 
telematics devices. Common data standards and lower tariffs will foster IVS uptake, account-
ing for about one third of total shipments in 2022.

  Market needs for cheaper and more sustainable transportation systems favour GNSS-based 
RUC schemes and PPUI applications. Combined shipments of devices in these two applications 
will grow to around 20% in 2022.

  Competition in the automotive industry and from smartphones, combined with declining 
prices in consumer electronics in general, will result in price erosion for both PND and IVS.

  Traffic information services enabled by GNSS are forecast to be the primary driver of growth 
in service revenues until 2018. Thereafter, fierce competition in this segment will result in total 
revenues declining to around 2012 levels by 2022 (see reference page).

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
24

GNSS MArKET

rOAd

european GNSS enhances Intelligent Transport Systems

Galileo is expected to bring immediate benefits in the Road segment, even from 
Early Services, as part of a multi-constellation solution. It will add value in all 
applications by providing increased availability, especially in urban environments 
where the number of satellites in view can be limited. This will result in better 
accuracy and reliability of positioning. Additional benefits are expected when the dual-frequency 
capacity of Galileo is fully exploited by consumer devices.

Many new GNSS chipsets aimed at the automotive market include Galileo tracking capabilities 
(see chart on the right) and the share is expected to increase rapidly with the upcoming eCall 
implementation.

By improving accuracy and providing information on the reliabil-
ity of GPS signal, at no additional cost, EGNOS is now included in 
many automotive GNSS chipsets and has started to be valued in 

applications such as road charging and dangerous goods transport monitoring.

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

GNSS capability of Road devices*

GPS

SBAS

Galileo

GLONASS

BeiDou

example of R&D project: TACOT

The TACOT (trusted multi-application receiver for trucks) project promotes the use 
of EGNOS and Galileo in the road industry through trusted GNSS function in Digital 
Tachographs (DT). Benefits include:

TACOT aims to demonstrate that a GNSS-based “trusted” PVT enabling 
liability critical and legally binding applications, can be achieved at 
relatively low cost using EGNOS and Galileo.

  The possibility to record start and end positions for truck journeys.

  Usage in other ITS domains: pay as you drive services, anti-theft systems, fleet  

management, and new applications using the trusted Position, Velocity and Time (PVT).

More information can be found at:  
http://www.gsa.europa.eu/trusted-multi-application-receiver-trucks

* Source: GSA analysis based on GPS World Survey 2013. Percentages based on number of models available, not sales.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Road Reference Charts

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

Installed base of GNSS devices by application

rOAd

EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

25

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EU27

North America

Rest of the World

Personal Navigation Device (PND)
RUC
PPUI

In-Vehicle System (IVS)
eCall
ADAS

Core revenue from GNSS device sales and services by region

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

€
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Core revenue from GNSS device sales and services by application
50

800

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2014

2015

2016

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2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

Average device price

Personal Navigation Device (PND)
RUC
PPUI
In-Vehicle System (IVS)
eCall

ADAS

Traﬃc information services
Device price: IVS
Device price: PND

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Aviation

27

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  GNSS MArKET

AVIATION

GNSS as a key enabler for Performance-Based Navigation (PBN)

Key market trends:

  Transition from traditional routing to GNSS navigation solutions for all phases of flight.
  New operational requirements driving the growth of GNSS avionics use.
  Growing availability of SBAS-based procedures in European aerodromes.

The aviation market

Performance-Based Navigation leverages GNSS benefits

Navigation systems in Aviation demand the highest robustness and integrity, and support 
continuous operations in aerodromes of varying infrastructure complexity.

GNSS applications in Aviation vary greatly depending on the accuracy and integrity of the 
position needed. Operations relying on GNSS are subject to certification (Instrument Flight 
Rules), otherwise GNSS can be used as an additional aid to the pilot without requiring regula-
tory approval (Visual Flight Rules).

The Aviation market has been segmented according to the use of the aircraft/helicopters into: 
commercial, regional and business & general aviation.

This issue of the market report adds General Aviation Visual Flight Rules (GA VFR) as a sub-
segment, the largest aviation application in terms of shipments and with the least demanding 
requirements (non-certified GNSS devices). Typical users include kit planes, micro lights, ultra 
lights, gliders, and hot-air balloons.

High-end business aviation and commercial operators tend to have GNSS receivers tightly 
integrated into their avionics, whilst panel mounted displays provide a cheaper and simpler 
solution for regional and general aviation users.

GNSS is essential for the introduction of Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) in line with ICAO 
standards that place requirements on the quality and accuracy of aircraft navigation along 
predefined routes, on an instrument approach procedure or in designated airspace. It envis-
ages a transition from traditional ground-based navigation towards space-based navigation.

GNSS helps to increase safety, reduce congestion, save fuel, protect the environment, reduce 
infrastructure operating costs, and maintain reliable all weather operations, even at the most 
challenging airports.

Growth in the use of GNSS

GNSS use in Aviation will increase as more flight procedures are designed to take advantage of 
PBN. For example, EGNOS-enabled instrument approach procedures to LPV* minima are being 
rolled out in Europe, increasing safety and business continuity at aerodromes.

New GNSS constellations are expected to be available in the next few years providing multi-
frequency and multi-constellation navigation capabilities, which may improve the performance 
of existing PBN applications. It is expected to be a key enabler for Ground Based Augmentation 
Systems (GBAS), resulting in lower minima to CAT II or CAT III standards, demanded by some 
commercial operators.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

* Localiser performance with vertical guidance is an Instrument Approach Procedure that provides later and vertical guidance based 
on GPS augmented by SBAS (EGNOS/WAAS) down to 250 ft.

Aviation Value Chain

AVIATION

GNSS MArKET

29

Device 
Manufacturers

Aircraft
Manufacturers

Airlines/ 
Aircraft owners

Air Navigation Service 
Providers (ANSP)

Aerodromes

s Main Players (CA/RA):
  Honeywell (US)
  Rockwell Collins (US)
  Thales Avionics (FR)
  Universal (US)

Main Players (BA/GA):
  Garmin (US)
  Honeywell (US)
  Rockwell Collins (US)

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Main Players (CA/RA):
  Airbus (EU)
  Boeing (US)
  Embraer (BR)

Main Players (BA/GA):
  Bombardier (CAN)
  Cessna (US)
  Cirrus (US)
  Piper (US)

Main airline alliances:
  Oneworld
  SkyTeam
  Star Alliance

General Aviation:
  Aircraft Owners and Pilots 
Association (AOPA)

Main Organisations:
  The Civil Air Navigation 
Services Organisation (CANSO) 
represents ANSPs worldwide
  The International Civil Aviation 
Organisation (ICAO) codifies the 
principles of air navigation

Main Categories:
  International airports
  Regional airports
  Private airports

  The capabilities of GNSS devices 
respond to customer demand 
and fit within the regulatory 
environment. 
  Penetration of GNSS in the VFR 
sub-segment is increasing.
  New features and capabilites 
from regulated devices are 
expected to align with the 
requirements of PBN and the 
progression towards multi-
frequency integration.

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  Aircraft manufacturers continue 
to offer avionics from a limited 
set of manufacturers due to high 
investment and certification 
requirements. 
  This limitation does not exist 
for VFR pilots who can make 
choices purely on personal 
preference.
  GNSS is included in all modern 
aircraft. Whereas, SBAS 
capability is a standard mostly in 
business and general aviation.

  Demand for GNSS - in particular 
EGNOS - is particularly high in 
less equipped airfields where 
precision approach capabilities 
may not exist.
  The move to PBN may result 
in some retrofit of SBAS 
capabilities - particularly in 
regional aviation. 
  Commercial aviation will 
continue with APV Baro for 
approach procedures using 
current capabilities. It is 
expected that the availability 
of GBAS CAT II and CAT III will 
increase interest in retrofits in 
this segment.

  ANSPs are moving towards the 
deployment of PBN operations 
within the en-route and terminal 
phases of flight. 
  It is expected that, as PBN 
operations become more 
common and multi-frequency 
GNSS becomes available, ANSPs 
will look at rationalisation 
of traditional navigation 
infrastructures.

  Regional and private 
aerodromes are driving the 
uptake of GNSS approaches as 
a means to offer near precision 
approach capabilites for 
significantly reduced costs.
  International aerodromes  retain 
precision approaches and are 
served primarily by commercial 
airlines using APV that do not 
require extensive retrofits. These 
aerodromes are expected to 
deploy GBAS CAT II and III, when 
available.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
30

  GNSS MArKET

AVIATION

General Aviation VFR dominates the sales of GNSS devices

Shipments of GNSS devices by segment

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Commercial Aviation
Regional Aviation

General & Business Aviation
General Aviation Visual Flight Rules

Shipments of GNSS devices by IFR segment

  General aviation is the largest GNSS aviation sub-segment, which has more 
aircraft and pilots than the business, regional, and commercial segments 
combined.

  Sales in general aviation are dominated by VFR users that replace their 

devices more frequently to have the latest functionalities on board.

  The cost of equipping IFR devices is much higher, therefore commercial, 
regional, and business aviation retrofit only once during the aircraft opera-
tional life (around 30 years).

  The peak in IFR shipments in 2011 is due to the certification of EGNOS and 

corresponding sales of devices.

  Socio-economic benefits of GNSS are only delivered by the certified aviation 
products used by IFR aircraft which enable increased access to aerodromes, 
reduced fuel burn and improved safety.

  The VFR sub-segment is about eight times larger in the US than in Europe. 
The USA dominates the total shipments, however the Rest of the World is 
catching up, especially in the BRIC markets.

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Commercial Aviation
Regional Aviation

General & Business Aviation

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
GNSS solutions will support all Aviation segments

Shipments of GNSS devices by segment

AVIATION

GNSS MArKET

31

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2022

Commercial Aviation
Regional Aviation
General & Business Aviation

General Aviation Visual Flight Rules

GNSS penetration in installed base

Shipments of GNSS devices by IFR segment

  The use of GNSS within all aviation segments is expected to increase over 

the next decade reaching a penetration of over 90% in 2022.

  This increase will be dominated by the VFR sub-segment, with leisure flyers 

using GNSS as a supplementary information source.

  IFR sales will be dominated by new-build aircraft.

  Commercial and regional aviation account for more than 80% of the IFR 
movements within Europe. The increasing penetration of GNSS capabilities 
within these subsegments is crucial to realise GNSS benefits on a large scale. 
The implementation of PBN is expected to further increase these benefits.

  Commercial aviation GNSS shipments are predicted to increase as GNSS 
capabilities are deployed in response to regulatory changes, and the need 
for commercial operators to support routes to an increasing number of 
destinations. As a result, commercial aviation GNSS manufacturers are 
expected to capture approximately 30% of the Aviation market revenue 
by 2022 (see reference page).

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

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2020

2021

2022

Commercial Aviation
Regional Aviation

General & Business Aviation

GNSS penetration in IFR

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
32

  GNSS MArKET

AVIATION

Growing eGNOS use delivers real benefits to aviation

Benefits to aviation

expected increase of eGNOS-enabled aerodromes

Standalone GPS is neither accurate nor reliable enough for preci-
sion approaches. EGNOS guarantees the level of vertical accuracy required for PBN and offers 
safety and integrity for instrument approach procedures across Europe for fixed wing aircraft 
and helicopters (similar to WAAS in USA).

It improves the efficiency of aerodromes and allows smaller airports to remain accessible even 
in poor weather conditions.

No additional ground infrastructure is required for the use of EGNOS. EGNOS approach pro-
cedures have similar performance to ILS CAT I and give aerodromes with EGNOS procedures 
a competitive advantage over aerodromes only offering non-precision approach procedures.

By enabling more efficient routes, EGNOS reduces environmental impact and distortions of air 
traffic delivering operational benefits.

The EU activities in combination with countries’ PBN implementation plans support the increas-
ing demand from aviation users and build EGNOS implementation capacity. An increase in the 
number of procedures which use EGNOS operationally is expected to continue in the future.

2013

2018

Source: Eurocontrol PBN Approach Map tool (August 2013)

example of R&D project: ACCePTA

ACCEPTA’s objective is to accelerate EGNOS adoption in Aviation, promoting wide-scale 
implementation of EGNOS-enabled LPV approaches throughout European airports, where 
the SBAS signal is available and certified, and the aircraft are operationally approved.

and will result in 43 equipped aircraft being approved for LPV operations. 
The experience gained in these countries will lead to acceleration in the 
publication of EGNOS procedures and operators’ adoption.

The project is successfully delivering EGNOS approaches to 74 runway ends in 11 countries 

More information can be found at: http://accepta.ineco.es/acepta/html/main.html

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Aviation Reference Charts

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1,200
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1,000
1,000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
0

Installed base of GNSS devices by region
Installed base of GNSS devices by region

2012
2012

2013
2013

2014
2014

2015
2015

2016
2016

2017
2017

2018
2018

2019
2019

2020
2020

2021
2021

EU27
EU27
North America
North America

Rest of the World
Rest of the World
GNSS penetration in installed base
GNSS penetration in installed base

AVIATION

EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

33

Installed base of GNSS devices by segment
Installed base of GNSS devices by segment

2012
2012

2014
2014

2013
2013

2015
2015
General & Business Aviation
General & Business Aviation
Regional Aviation
Regional Aviation

2016
2016

2017
2017

2018
2018

2019
2019

2020
2020

2021
2021

2022
2022

General Aviation Visual Flight Rules
General Aviation Visual Flight Rules
Commercial Aviation
Commercial Aviation

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p
n
e
S
p
S
N
S
S
G
N
G

100%
100%
80%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
0%
0%

)
s
d
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n
s
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o
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h
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t
o
(
h
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(
i
n
s
t
U
i
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U

1,600
1,600
1,400
1,400
1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
0

2022
2022

The installed base of GNSS devices is expected to increase gradually, driven by the non-certified devices used in the general aviation VFR sub-segment.
The stock of devices in general & business aviation stabilises, dominated by forward fit. Commercial and regional aviation continue to increase their share of the market.

)
s
n
)
o
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i
n
l
l
o
i
m
i
l
l
(
i
m
€
(
€

1,000
1,000
900
900
800
800
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by region
Core revenue from GNSS device sales by region

2012
2012

2013
2013

2014
2014

2015
2015

2016
2016

2017
2017

2018
2018

2019
2019

2020
2020

2021
2021

2022
2022

EU27
EU27
North America
North America

Rest of the World
Rest of the World
Average device price
Average device price

3,500
3,500
3,000
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
500
0
0

€
e
€
c
i
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r
p
c
i
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r
p
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l
l
(
i
m
€
(
€

1,000
1,000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
0

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by segment
Core revenue from GNSS device sales by segment

2012
2012

2013
2013

2014
2014

2015
2015

2016
2016

2017
2017

General & Business Aviation
General & Business Aviation
Regional Aviation
Regional Aviation
General Aviation Visual Flight Rules
General Aviation Visual Flight Rules
Commercial Aviation
Commercial Aviation

2018
2018

2019
2019

2020
2020

2021
2021

2022
2022

Device price: Commercial Aviation
Device price: Commercial Aviation
Device price: Regional Aviation
Device price: Regional Aviation
Device price: General & Business Aviation
Device price: General & Business Aviation
Device price: GA: VFR
Device price: GA: VFR

90,000
90,000
80,000
80,000
70,000
70,000
60,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
40,000
40,000
30,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
0
0

€
e
€
c
i
e
r
p
c
i
e
r
p
c
i
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v
c
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D
v
e
D

The use of IFR devices is expected to increase, driven by PBN implementation. Despite increasing GNSS shipments, revenue growth will slow down as the market becomes dominated by 
forward-fit aircraft (which have a lower cost). The increase of the average price of commercial aviation devices in 2016 is due to anticipated retrofits of SBAS capability.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

35
35

Rail

k
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©

i

 
36

  GNSS MArKET
EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

rAIL

Growing interest in GNSS use in Rail applications

Key market trends:

  Growing interest in GNSS as a complementary technology for safety related functions.
  GNSS is becoming a standard feature in non-safety applications.

Railways – a challenging environment

The revolution in mainline signalling

Traditionally, track-based systems have detected the presence of a train and fed this information 
back to a signalling system. This would then be relayed back to the driver in the form of line-side 
signals, providing the train with the authority to pass a particular point along the track.

In the future, a train is expected to detect its own position, through different technologies such 
as balises, RFID and GNSS. This position will then be reported to the signaller and movement 
authority will be displayed on in-cab signals, removing the need for costly lineside signalling 
infrastructure.

In Europe and in some parts of the Rest of the World the signalling system will gradually migrate 
to ETCS. GNSS will support this programme by providing an additional source of positioning 
information, especially in the evolution of the signalling system.

In some cases (such as PTC in the USA) GNSS will form the core of the signalling system, whereas 
in others it will more likely be a fall-back capability.

Railway lines are a challenge for GNSS because of high safety requirements comparable to avia-
tion, combined with a challenging environment with the presence of tunnels, covered stations, 
deep cuttings, etc. where the signal is not available. However, integrated solutions combining 
GNSS with other technologies such as inertial navigation systems and traditional odometry 
can provide a good level of coverage. This is particularly the case for applications resistant to 
small periods of reduced accuracy.

A wide range of GNSS-assisted applications is considered:

  High Density Command & Control Systems, assisting train command and control on main 
lines referring primarily to the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 3 (as part of the 
ERTMS standard) in Europe and some regions in Rest of the World, as well as Positive Train 
Control (PTC) in North America. GNSS is a source of additional input, e.g. for enhanced odom-
etry in ETCS or Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS) supporting PTC.

  Low Density Line Command & Control Systems, providing full signalling capabilities deliv-
ered by GNSS on lines with loose headway between trains. These lines are usually found in 
rural areas where cost savings can be vital for the viability of a service.

  Asset Management, including functions such as fleet management, need-based maintenance, 
infrastructure charges, and inter-modal transfers. GNSS is increasingly seen as a standard 
source of positioning and timing information in these systems.

  Passenger Information systems on-board trains showing the real-time location of the train 
along its route. Increasingly, the GNSS location of a train also is supporting platform and 
online passenger information services.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Rail Value Chain

rAIL

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY 

GNSS MArKET

37

Receiver
Manufacturers

System
Integrators

Train
Manufacturers

Train owners/
operators

Infrastructure
Managers

Safety related:
  Furuno
  Leica
  Omnicom
  Trimble

Non-safety:
  CSR-SiRF
  Japan Radio Co.
  U-Blox
  Septentrio

  Alstom
  Ansaldo STS
  Bombardier
  Siemens
  Thales

  Alstom (EU)
  Bombardier (NA)
  Hitachi (Japan)
  Siemens (EU)

  ADIF (Spain)
  DB (Germany)
  Network Rail (UK)
  RFI (Italy)
  SNCF (France)

TOCs & FOCs*:
  e.g. SNCF, DB, Stagecoach, 
Arriva, RENFE, Trenitalia, Veolia, 
Colas

ROSCOs*:
  Investment Banks
   Consortia e.g. Angel trains, 
Porterbrook
  National companies e.g.SNCF, DB

  For safety related applications, 
professional recievers are 
expected to be used. Mass-
market recievers are generally 
used in non-safety applications 
and are therefore not designed 
specifically for Rail.

  An increasing number of 
systems on trains make use of 
GNSS position and time data. 
Some equipment manufacturers 
already supply fully functional 
GNSS signalling systems.

  GNSS-based passenger 
information and asset 
management is increasingly 
provided as standard.
  In a number of cases train 
manufacturers operate 
proprietary systems and send 
this data on to their customers 
e.g. train operating companies.

  Driver advisory systems, which 
improve comfort and safety, 
and optimise the overall 
performance, are being fitted to 
many trains.
  Interest in future developments 
to reduce signalling costs so that 
train operators can save on track 
access charges.

s
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M

  Main focus is on signalling 
systems, concerned with 
implementation of ETCS on 
mainlines.
  More financially constrained 
infrastructure managers are  
interested in GNSS signalling for 
some low density lines.
  Use of GNSS as a back-up 
signalling system for mainlines 
is being investigated.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

* TOC: Train Operating Company, FOC: Freight Operating Company, ROSCO: Rolling Stock Operating Company

 
 
 
 
38

  GNSS MArKET
EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

rAIL

GNSS systems are predominantly used for non-safety related applications

Shipments of GNSS devices by region

n
o
i
t
a
r
t
e
n
e
p
S
S
N
G

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

GNSS penetration in installed base

Shipments of GNSS devices by application

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
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t
(
s
t
i
n
U

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(
s
t
i
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U

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Asset Management

Low Density Line CCS*

Passenger Information

High Density CCS* support

* Command & Control Systems

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

  Europe, which has a very well developed passenger train network, has 
historically been the main market for GNSS devices, as sales have been 
dominated by passenger information systems. However, as many regions 
invest heavily in rail infrastructure, particularly in China, the Rest of the 
World market has grown to become highly significant, representing roughly 
40% of GNSS shipments in 2012.

  Compared to other industries, the railways have been slow to adopt GNSS 
technology, this is in part due to the perceived challenges of using space 
technology on the railways and safety considerations.

  The main current use of GNSS in Rail is in passenger information systems, 
however other non-safety critical applications, such as asset management, 
are becoming significant, with sales of approximately 1000 devices in 2012. 
The majority of new trains include GNSS systems for non-safety related 
functions.

  Major train manufacturers use GNSS devices as standard equipment to 
track, in real time, all of the trains they have produced. This positioning 
information is routinely fed back to train operators to provide them with 
inputs to operations management. Most manufacturers use proprietary 
systems, however, interfaces between these are provided where needed.

 
 
 
Safety related GNSS systems are expected to complement traditional rail technologies

rAIL

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY 

GNSS MArKET

39

Shipments of GNSS devices by application

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
n
U

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

n
o
i
t
a
r
t
e
n
e
p
S
S
N
G

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Asset Management
Passenger Information
Low Density Line CCS

High Density CCS supportdevices
GNSS penetration in installed base

  Over the coming decade, GNSS use in Rail is expected to increase substantially.

  It is forecast that 30% of trains in use worldwide will be equipped with GNSS for some purpose 
by 2022. Most devices are likely to be non-safety critical in the short to medium term, however, 
GNSS devices will increasingly support safety critical functions.

  The regulatory requirements for Positive Train Control (PTC) in the USA drive the sales of high 
density train control devices between 2015 and 2019. The roll-out programme was originally 

intended to be completed for Class-1 railroads by 2015, though there have been some delays 
to this timescale.

  European roll-out of ETCS Level 3 is expected to occur gradually towards the end of the decade. 
Low density line CCS (offering significant cost savings by removing large parts of the trackside 
infrastructure) is expected to see cautious introduction, particularly on passenger lines.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
40

  GNSS MArKET
EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

rAIL

european GNSS will enhance the GNSS offering to the rail industry

EGNOS provides ionosphere and system corrections, that improve 
GPS (and in the future Galileo) accuracy and deliver information 
about its integrity. Designed for aviation, EGNOS can also enhance train positioning in terms of 
accuracy and integrity, and together with other augmentation systems, contribute to meet the 
highly demanding requirements of safety-related applications.

Multi-constellation GNSS systems offer the opportunity to overcome some, but 
not all, of the inherent difficulties of GNSS in the rail environment. For example, 
the increased number of satellites available to a multi-constellation system 
offers improved availability when in deep cuttings, forests or urban canyons. The 
dual-frequency solution of Galileo will significantly enhance the accuracy which is achievable 
from GNSS systems – and go some way towards meeting railway requirements for accuracy, for 
example, by enabling track discrimination.

example of R&D project: GaLoROI

example of R&D project: Satloc

New solutions are required today to reach an enduring strengthening 
of railways. The GaLoROI project aims to develop a certified, safety 
relevant, satellite-based on-board train localisation unit to be used on 
low density railway lines. Galileo will be used as a base for migration 
from conventional railway localisation equipment towards European GNSS, in order to 
provide cost benefits for low density lines.

More information can be found at: http://www.galoroi.eu/

The project aims at the development and demonstration of an 
innovative GNSS safety-of-life rail application for train control, speed 
supervision, traffic control, and traffic management of UIC-E lines (low density lines).

The application contributes primarily to the safe adoption of EGNOS in Rail and paves the 
way for the introduction of Galileo in the rail safety domain.

It develops a new rail integrated operational concept, software, hardware, services and 
datasets compatible with the current evolution of the rail signalling and standards.

More information can be found at: http://satloc.uic.org/Project-summary

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Rail Reference Charts

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

Installed base of GNSS devices by application

rAIL

EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

41

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
n
U

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

120

100

)
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

(
€

80

60

40

20

0

n
o
i
t
a
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t
e
n
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p
S
S
N
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100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
n
U

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27
Rest of the World

North America
GNSS penetration in installed base

Asset Management
Passenger Information

Low Density Line CCS

High Density CCS support

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by region

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

Rest of the World

North America

120

100

)
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

(
€

80

60

40

20

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

€
e
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p
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Asset Management
Passenger Information
Low Density Line CCS

High Density CCS support
Average device price: Safety Critical
Average device price: Non-Safety Critical

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

43

Maritime

44

GNSS MArKET

MArITIME

e-navigation and GNSS-enabled SAR (MeOSAR) operations 
open new horizons to mariners

Key market trends:

  Multi-constellation GNSS receivers at the centre of the proposed IMO* e-navigation concept.
  COSpAS-SArSAT enhancing the infrastructure with GNSS to reduce reaction time in emergency response.

Background

Search and Rescue services

Maritime general navigation was an early adopter of GPS and remains an extensive user. This 
issue of the market report covers the following maritime applications:

  General navigation
  Traffic management
  Marine engineering
  Homeland security
  Search and rescue
  Ports**
  Inland waterways**

Recent developments

e-navigation: This is an initiative of IMO designed to reduce the complexity of on-board systems 
by integrating bridge systems with all data inputs. It could be a driver for multi-constellation 
uptake within the maritime community. It is being implemented by the IMO’s e-NAV Committee 
involving maritime authorities.

Fisheries policy: There is an increasing interest in proving where fishing vessels are to comply 
with the regulatory requirements of the EU Common Fisheries Policy. GNSS is playing an increas-
ingly significant role in providing positioning information to authorities.

The COSPAS-SARSAT system, comprising low and high orbit satellites, is used for Search and 
Rescue (SAR) emergency response operations. GNSS will enhance the current system, providing 
the MEOSAR capability which will increase the number of satellites available. Uniquely, Galileo 
will provide a return link that informs the casualty that help is on the way.

Search and rescue Satellites

Galileo Only

COSpAS/SArSAT

return link

‘Help on
the way’

distress 
Signal

International
Satellite System

COSPAS/SARSAT
SeARCH AND 
ReSCUe

Local User
Terminal

Mission Control
Centre

pLB

EpIrB

rescue

rescue
Coordination Centre

Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) and Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) 
are used by regulated vessels. PLBs are also becoming increasingly common for leisure craft.

* International Maritime Organisation
** Both ports and inland waterways are included for the first time in this report as separete applications, which are not covered in general navigation for the need of this report. Leisure vessels (which increasingly use LBS devices such as tablets) are not included.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Maritime Value Chain

MArITIME                               

GNSS MArKET

45

Maritime Authorities
and regulators

Components 
and Receivers

Bridge 
integrators

Ship owners/ 
operators

Ports
operators

s   International Maritime 
Organisation (IMO) sets 
international standards for 
merchant shipping
  IALA is an industry body 
harmonising aids to navigation

r
e
y
a
l
p
y
e
k
f
o
s
e
p
m
a
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E

l

  Furuno
  Japan Radio
  Laird
  Leica Geosystems
  Novatel
  Pulse
  Trimble

  Cobra
  Furuno
  Kongsberg
  Mitsubishi
  Safran

  APL
  CMA CGM Group
  Evergreen
  Maersk Line
  MSC

Main Categories:
  Cruise & Ferry Terminals
  Large container ports
  Specialist coastwise ports

s
d
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T
t
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  Growing awareness of the 
increased reliance on GNSS for 
navigation and as an input to 
other bridge systems.
  Integrity remains a key priority.
  Continued provision of national 
DGNSS infrastructure for 
maritime users pending future 
technology developments in 
multi-constellation and multi-
frequency solutions.

  Increasing use of SBAS in 
navigation products aimed at 
the leisure market.
  Increasing SBAS penetration in 
navigation products aimed at 
regulated market.
  Increasing use of GNSS in search 
and rescue products.

  GNSS is now an essential input 
for navigation and to other 
bridge systems.
  Larger modern vessels 
being constructed with high 
performance integrated bridge 
systems.

  Operators becoming gradually 
aware of the issues of 
dependence upon GNSS.
  Increasing use of vessel position 
for safety, commercial, and 
homeland security applications.
  Increasing levels of automation 
on the bridge in an attempt 
to reduce the workload of the 
mariner.

  Growing use of accurate DGNSS 
solutions for harbour navigation 
and precision berthing 
particularly of new large vessels.
  Use of precision survey systems 
to reduce cost and improve 
efficiency of harbour dredging.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
46

GNSS MArKET

MArITIME

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Search & Rescue

General Navigation

Traﬃc Management

Homeland Security*

Ports

General navigation, inland waterways and SAR represent the largest share in shipments

Marine Engineering

Inland Waterways

Shipments of GNSS devices by segment

Shipments of GNSS devices by region (2012)

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
n
U

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Search & Rescue

General Navigation

Inland Waterways

Traﬃc Management

Homeland Security*

Marine Engineering

Ports

Shipments of GNSS devices by region (2012)

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

26%

26%

6%

68%

68%

6%

  General navigation and inland waterways represent a large proportion of the market.

  The Rest of the World dominates Maritime device shipments. The regional breakdown of device 

shipments is expected to remain roughly constant over the next decade.

  The region a ship is assigned to is dictated by where the true controlling interest of the fleet 
is located, which is determined by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 
(UNCTAD).

  Many of the regulated applications of GNSS in the Maritime segment already have high, if not 

26%

total, GNSS penetration.

EU27

North America

  For these applications, equipment replacement and new vessel construction are the drivers for 
equipment sales, as systems reach the end of their lifecycle or become outdated or obsolete.

Rest of the World

6%

68%

  With over 50,000 regulated vessels globally and large ships using several receivers, this rep-

resents a very established, yet stable market.

* Homeland Security includes Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) devices

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
Safety related applications will drive the growth

Shipments of GNSS devices by application

MArITIME                               

GNSS MArKET

47

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
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U

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Search & Rescue

General Navigation

Inland Waterways

Traﬃc Management

Homeland Security

Marine Engineering

Ports

Core revenue of GNSS device sales by application

2012

0.4%

5%

13%

11%

24%

29%

18%

36%

7%

16%

1%

2022

16%

12%

12%

Ports

Search & Rescue

General Navigation

Inland Waterways

Traﬃc Management

Homeland Security

Marine Engineering

  Sales of devices are forecast to be led by GNSS-equipped SAR beacons for 
which a number of devices may be installed on each vessel (e.g. on lifeboats).  
In addition, the lifecycle of a SAR beacon tends to be shorter than for a 
standard navigation receiver.

  Second-generation SAR beacons, which are foreseen to have the return link 
feature, are likely to further stimulate the market in the next decade. The 
regulatory requirements for such beacons are currently being developed 
by COSPAS-SARSAT.

  The use of GNSS in ports is forecast to grow rapidly due to the increasing 
congestion of the waters in and around ports, combined with the ever 
increasing size of vessels.

  Two significant applications are: Portable Pilot Units (PPUs), GNSS-enabled 
specialist navigation aids used to enter ports, and port automation, such as 
the tracking of shipping containers and other goods. For these applications, 
GNSS is used to improve the efficiency of large ports.

  Ports are set to grow into the largest application by revenue by 2022.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
48

EXECUTIVE SUMMArY

GNSS MArKET

MArITIME

Maritime is ready to benefit from european GNSS

Galileo enters into multi-constellation mainstream

GNSS capability of Maritime devices*

Multi-constellation devices are increasingly common in the Maritime domain, 
with around half of devices offering GPS and an additional constellation. SBAS 
and GLONASS adoption is quite significant whilst Galileo and BeiDou uptake will 
likely increase rapidly once IMO recognition is achieved. Acceptance into the Worldwile Radio- 
navigation System (WWRNS) confirms that the system is capable of providing adequate position 
information within its coverage area and that the carriage of receiving equipment for use with 
the system satisfies the relevant requirements of the SOLAS Convention.

Galileo will contribute to multi-constellation receivers by providing better position performances 
thanks to improved signal accuracy and availability.

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

GPS

SBAS

Galileo

GLONASS

BeiDou

eGNOS proves its value in Maritime

inland waterway environments were conducted by the European Commission.

Trials assessing the performance of EGNOS in the maritime and 

Even port navigation requirements were met in some cases, showing future potential to ration-
alise DGNSS network infrastructure.

These trials demonstrated that the use of EGNOS capabilities provides improved integrity and 
accuracy, enhancing the user experience and improving safety. Private craft owners with less 
expensive receivers saw a particularly marked benefit.

The availability of the EGNOS signal can be achieved even in very difficult environments by 
transmitting the correction over the Automatic Identification System (AIS), with which all large 
vessels are equipped for collision avoidance purposes.

The trials confirmed that EGNOS can meet the following IMO performance requirements:

  Accuracy for coastal navigation.

  Horizontal alert limit for navigation zones outside ports.

* Source: GSA analysis based on GPS World Survey 2013. Percentages based on number of models available, not sales.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Maritime Reference Charts

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

Installed base of GNSS devices by application

MArITIME                                EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

49

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
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t
(
s
t
i
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U

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

)
s
n
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l
l
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m

(
€

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

n
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S
S
N
G

)
s
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(
s
t
i
n
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100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27
North America

Rest of the World
GNSS penetration in installed base

Search & Rescue

General Navigation

Inland Waterways

Traﬃc Management

Homeland Security

Marine Engineering

Ports

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by region

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27
North America

Rest of the World
Average device price

€
e
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p
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e
D

)
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

(
€

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

€
e
c
i
r
p
e
c
i
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2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Search & Rescue
General Navigation
Inland Waterways
Traﬃc Management
Homeland Security
Marine Engineering

Ports
Average device price: Regulated Vessels
Average device price: Unregulated Vessels
Average device price: Ports
Average device price: Inland Waterways

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

51

Agriculture

52

GNSS MArKET

AGrICULTUrE

Precision agriculture for increased productivity

Key market trends:

  Increased use of precision agriculture in developed countries, in larger farms and mostly for crop production.
  Uptake of GNSS precision agriculture in less industrialised regions set to accelerate, supported by consolidation of farms.
  Adoption of integrated applications combining Earth observation and GNSS.

Precision agriculture responds to the need to improve yields and efficiency, while controlling 
costs. GNSS adoption is facilitated by the growing average farm size, machine-intensive methods 
of farming, and the increased awareness of GNSS systems amongst farmers.

Key applications in precision agriculture:

  Tractor Guidance, making use of a digital display which assists drivers to follow a predeter-
mined path, minimising risks of overlap/gaps. This is often the first GNSS application a farmer 
adopts.

  Automatic Steering, the most advanced form of tractor guidance, used mainly on large 
farms, allowing farm vehicles to be automatically steered along a predetermined path. 
The operator can concentrate solely on monitoring the overall process.

  VRT (Variable Rate Technology), leveraging local conditions on the field for precise con-
trol over farming inputs (e.g. fertilisers, nutrients). It identifies areas with similar levels 
of yield-limiting characteristics in a field and enables site-specific treatment.

  Asset Management*, involving the use of real-time information for monitoring the location 

and status of farm equipment.

The use of GNSS together with Earth observation data (e.g. coming from Copernicus, the Euro-
pean Earth Observation Programme) enables a new range of applications in agriculture (e.g. 
assessment of land use and the impact on biodiversity and landscapes, crop conditions and 
yield forecasts or management of irrigation).

* New application, added in this issue of the market report

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Different levels of accuracy are required for farming operations:

Solution

Accuracy

Application

Low accuracy standalone 
GNSS

c. 2.5 m accuracy

Asset management, 
tracking and tracing

Medium accuracy SBAS (e.g. 
EGNOS, WAAS)

10-30 cm pass to pass 
accuracy

High accuracy RTK/DGPS

2-10 cm pass to pass 
accuracy

Tractor guidance, lower 
accuracy operations 
(e.g. spraying, spreading, 
harvesting bulk crops), 
area measurement, field 
mapping

Auto-steering, precision 
operations, (e.g. planting, 
weeding, sowing)

GNSS is used together with augmentation systems like RTK, and SBAS to increase the accuracy. 
Solutions based on SBAS initiated the diffusion of precision agriculture into smaller farms thanks 
to more affordable equipment and a medium level of accuracy.

Agriculture Value Chain

AGrICULTUrE

GNSS MArKET

53

Service 
Providers

Device 
Vendors

Application 
Providers

Tractor 
Manufacturers

SAPOS (De) is the satellite positioning 
service of the Official German Surveying and 
Mapping Authority. The service is available 
throughout Germany and is based on 
reference stations processing GNSS signals 
and providing observation and correction 
data via data communication media.

Hexagon (Se), a measurement technologies group with c. €2.5 billion sales worldwide in 
2012, is active in the precision agriculture market via its two subsidiaries Leica Geosystems and 
NovAtel.

Topcon Precision Agriculture (JP) is a subsidiary of Topcon Positioning Systems (TPS Inc.), 
providing tractor guidance and auto-steering, VRT, water management, and planning/
documentation solutions.

AGCO Corporation is focused on the design, manufacture and distribution of agricultural machinery with c. $10 billion sales worldwide in 
2012. AGCO’s Advanced Technology Solutions incorporates precision farming technologies distributed by AGCO. The group provides solutions 
for satellite-based steering, data collection and management, yield-mapping and other purposes.

Trimble (US) is a major GNSS systems and solutions vendor in the precision market and generated a total turnover of over $2 billion in 2012  
(c. 25% of which in field solutions, including agriculture). Omnistar acquired by Trimble in March 2011, is provider of satellite-based 
augmentation services and also broadcasts to users that work with third-party GNSS equipment (e.g. NovAtel).

NavCom, a subsidiary of John Deere (US) is the 
main competitor of Omnistar in the precision 
agriculture market. NavCom provides both 
global satellite–based augmentation services 
(StarFire Network) and core technology 
hardware, such as RTK systems and geodetic 
quality multi-frequency GNSS receivers. Its 
services require proprietary receivers.

CLAAS (De) is present in the GPS reference 
stations network industry via acquisition of 
a 34% stake in SAT-INFO (FR) in 2009.

Service providers offer an augmentation service 
that enhances the performance of GNSS. SBAS 
corrections are provided for free, while services 
offering a higher level of accuracy are paid. 
The two leading players in commercial services 
adopt different strategies: NavCom exploits 
John Deere’s sales channels while Omnistar 
cooperates with major device vendors. With the 
recent acquisition of Omnistar by Trimble, the 
market is strongly consolidated.

John Deere (US) is a leader in agriculture vehicles and machineries with a turnover of over $36 billion in 2012. Its subsidiary, John Deere Ag 
Management Solutions, develops applications for GNSS guidance and machine control based on core receivers developed by NavCom.

CLAAS (De) is a major agricultural machinery manufacturer with a turnover of approximately €3.5 billion in 2012. Through its Agrosystems 
division, it provides guidance and automatic steering solutions with accuracies up to 2-3 cm.

Device and application vendors usually provide both the hardware and the software required to perform precision agriculture operations. 
Players include manufacturers of multi-frequency and multi-constellation receivers, equipment manufacturers (e.g. guidance systems), system 
integrators, and applications providers. 

Machine/tractor manufacturers establish agreements and partnerships with device vendors. They can also be service providers (e.g. John Deere 
provides the StarFire service via NavCom).

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GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
54

GNSS MArKET

AGrICULTUrE

GNSS use is progressing in all regions

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

  Between 2006 and 2012, global shipments and the installed base of GNSS 

devices more than tripled.

  North America, representing the highest share in shipments and installed 
base, is the most technologically advanced region with respect to preci-
sion agriculture. Major crop productions are related to corn, soybeans and 
wheat which are ideal for GNSS-based applications.

  The Rest of the World comprises countries with markedly different levels 
of technological development, varying from Japan and Australia, with 
extensive adoption of precision agriculture, to nascent markets such as 
China and India.

  In Europe, growth in shipments and installed base is the result of GNSS 
adoption in Western European countries where more favourable conditions 
exist, such as larger average farm size and greater access to capital.

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

Shipments of GNSS devices by region

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
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n
U

)
s
d
n
a
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t
(
s
t
i
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U

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
AGrICULTUrE

GNSS MArKET

55

Automatic steering and VRT common in future farms

Shipments of GNSS devices by region

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
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U

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

n
o
i
t
a
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t
e
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p
S
S
N
G

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

GNSS penetration

  Technological progress and consolidation of farms are the key drivers for growth in shipments 

  In Europe, future growth is expected to be increasingly driven by uptake of GNSS technolo-

of GNSS devices in all regions.

gies in Central and Eastern Europe, currently representing lower GNSS penetration.

  Farmers in developed countries will opt for more advanced solutions (e.g. Automatic steering 

  Falling prices will be an important driver for the uptake of precision agriculture over the next 

and VRT) to further increase productivity.

decade.

  Developing countries will modernise their means of agricultural production in order to face 

the major challenges of rising input costs, resource scarcity, and food demand.

  Revenues will be generated mainly by automatic steering and VRT, growing much faster than 
previously estimated. Together, these two applications will provide nearly 80% of revenues 
in 2022 (see reference page).

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
56

GNSS MArKET

AGrICULTUrE

european GNSS to bring benefits beyond the industry

The main system of choice for tractor guidance

Galileo will bring additional benefits

   Dual-frequency capability to offer enhanced real-time positioning accuracy 

to sub-metre range.

   RTK receivers with multi-constellation service will further increase 

performance.

   Improved availability and continuity derived from multi-constellation environment.

   Reduced dependence on ground-based augmentation systems.

   No subscription fee for Galileo Open Service.

  3rd prize: Using satellite positioning in combination with camera-based recognition of 

biomass for small and medium sized vineyards.

For more information and to be ready for the new edition of the Farming by Satellite prize:  
www.farmingbysatellite.eu

EGNOS delivers various benefits to farmers:
  Minimal investment.
  Optimisation of yields.
  Increased labour productivity and profit margins.
  Reduced driver fatigue.

… and to society:
  Increased productivity to better feed increasing population.

EGNOS  is  used  within  the  Common  Agriculture  Policy  (CAP)  for  on-the-spot  checks  to 
verify subsidy claims. Tests have shown positive results with an improvement in accuracy and 
reliability in comparison with GPS only. Thus, using EGNOS, which is free of charge, reduces the 
need for second measurements.

The Farming by Satellite prize

The aim of this competition is to promote the benefits generated by GNSS in agriculture 
among farmers. Participating teams propose innovative ideas for satellite service usage in 
agriculture, food production, or land management.

The winning ideas for 2012 were:

  1st prize: Geo-referenced online data sharing platform with information services for 

farmers across Europe.

  2nd prize: Hay bale collection optimisation solution using less 

fuel and saving time.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
AGrICULTUrE

EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

57

Agriculture Reference Charts

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

Installed base of GNSS devices by application

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
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4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1000

500

0

)
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(
€

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

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400

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100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World
GNSS penetration in installed base

Tractor Guidance

VRT

Automatic Steering

Asset Management

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by region

Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World
Average device price

€
e
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)
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(
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2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1000

500

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7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

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2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Tractor Guidance
Automatic Steering
VRT
Asset Management

Average device price: TG
Average device price: AS
Average device price: VRT
Average device price: AM

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Surveying

59

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©

 
60

GNSS MArKET

SUrVEYING

GNSS in the centre of surveying applications

Key market trends:

  Major growth in surveying depends heavily on economic conditions in high growth economies. Cadastral and construction segments are the largest applications of GNSS in surveying.
  New professional users in environmental and engineering disciplines together with mapping communities are fostering the use of geoinformation and the development of new 

applications.

GNSS and surveying

Surveying is an early adopter of new location technologies such as GNSS. Currently, professional 
surveying receivers are already using all available GNSS signals (multi-constellation and multi-
frequency) and other differential correction techniques (e.g. SBAS, RTK, DGPS).

The  role  of  GNSS  receivers  in  the  surveying  equipment  market  has  demonstrated  the  added 
value of satellite positioning to optimise survey operations and fruitful co-existence with other 
land measurement technologies, such as laser scanners and photogrammetric/LIDAR cameras.

The main GNSS-enabled applications include:

Discipline

Cadastral surveying

Cadastral surveying involves the physical delineation of property boundaries in parcels and the determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights 
associated with properties. Land taxes are frequently paid according to this determination of parcels. Frequently, cadastral surveying is performed to 
subdivide parcels, to re-establish physical boundaries, or to facilitate the transfer of the property title in accordance with the national land laws. This 
work is normally performed by Licensed Surveyors.

Overview

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Construction surveying

In addition to GNSS, other surveying equipment (e.g. levels, total stations, laser scanners) are used for accurate measurement in areas with poor satellite 
coverage, such as indoor structures, tunnels, and other extreme environments. Traditional operations in construction surveying are related to the 
precise drawing of the future work site for buildings and infrastructure; as well as the stake-out of reference points that will guide the construction of 
new structures.

Mapping

Mine surveying

Mapping is the use of GNSS to plot maps and charts that contain locations of points of interest. Specific applications include road mapping, pipeline 
mapping, planning of public works and forestry management.

Mine surveying includes all measurements, calculations and mapping which serve the purpose of ascertaining and documenting information at all 
stages from prospecting to exploitation and utilising mineral deposits both by surface and underground working.

Hydrographic Surveys

Hydrographic surveying is the science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, 
offshore oil exploration, and related activities.

Offshore surveys

Offshore vessels that utilise surveying include: Anchor Handling Tug Supply (AHTS) vessels (mainly built to handle anchors for oil rigs, tow them to 
location and anchor them up) and salvage vessels.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

SUrVEYING

GNSS MArKET

61

Surveying Value Chain

Complementary 
Infrastructure
(Commercial 
augmentations)

Receiver & 
Firmware

Professional
Users

Customers

s   Fugro

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  Leica Geosystems
  Navcom
  Omnistar
  Orpheon
  SAPOS
  TERIA
  Veripos

  Ashtech
  Deere & Co
  Hemisphere
  Javad
  Laird
  Leica Geosystems
  North Surveying

  Novatel
  Pentax
  Pulse Electronics
  Septentrio
  Topcon/Sokkia
  Trimble
  Yageo Corporation

  Constructors
  Educators
  Engineers
  Environmentalists
  Professional Organisations
  Scientists
  Surveyors

  Augmentation services provided by 
complementary infrastructures are 
essential for precise positioning. 
  These infrastructures are particularly 
useful for the fast collection of  accurate 
coordinates.
  The use of complementary infrastructure 
is expected to grow.

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  The market for receiver manufacturers is 
very consolidated and the top 3, Trimble, 
Leica and TopCon, are dominating, 
particularly within the land surveying 
sector.
  Many commercial grade receivers will 
be able to take advantage of the Galileo 
signal, sometimes after a simple firmware 
update.

  Following the recession, the construction 
market is recovering, especially in Central 
& Eastern Europe and the Middle East. 
  The production of topographical maps 
for official purposes require accredited 
professionals in some countries. 
  The number of professional users coming 
from transversal disciplines is increasing, 
e.g. from environmental and spatial 
planning applications.

  Public organisations
  Private companies
  Individuals
  Natural resource management firms
  Hydrographic offices, chart publishers
  Offshore wind farms underwater cable 
& pipeline installers 

  Demand for certified positioning is 
expected to increase over the short term.
  Users may also contribute to the creation 
of maps through mapping communities. 
Several crowdsourcing initiatives exist 
already e.g. Open Street Map.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
62

GNSS MArKET

SUrVEYING

Use of GNSS in surveying spreads around the globe

Shipments of GNSS devices by region

)
s
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a
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(
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400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

  The surveying market in the Rest of the World is expected to experience 
major growth and develop much faster than in Europe or North America. 
This is due to a high level of construction activity in this region. In addi-
tion, GNSS is expanding faster in the Rest of the World region because 
often there are no alternative legacy systems and dense geodetic ground 
networks to support surveys frequently do not exist.

  Surveying equipment is still expensive compared to other segments, 
however price erosion can be observed in the last few years supported 
by increased competition and demand, and lower production costs (see 
reference page).

  Leading manufacturers have introduced low cost devices sometimes under 
other brand names to satisfy the increasing demand in emerging econo-
mies, which are more eager to buy less expensive devices. These systems 
are usually less technically advanced so as not to undermine sales in more 
developed markets.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
Growth in surveying depends on general economic conditions

SUrVEYING

GNSS MArKET

63

Shipments of GNSS devices by application

)
s
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400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Cadastral

Construction - Person based

Mining

Construction - Machine control

Mapping

Marine Surveying

  Due to increasing GDP and population in the Rest of the World, cadastral surveys will increase 
in importance and frequency. In growing economies, land boundaries and their measure-
ment are likely to become a far more important issue due to the regulations associated with 
the ownership of property. Cadastral surveys are also important for restoration work after 
natural disasters.

  Mapping applications will support further market growth by enabling new applications, 
requiring lower levels of accuracy. Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) initiatives 
are fostering the use of GNSS devices to share instant updates of geo-information within 
mapping communities.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
64

GNSS MArKET

SUrVEYING

The professional market is ready for Galileo

The trend in surveying is to adopt all new signals in one device, maximising 
accuracy of measurements and improving availability in places with poor aerial 
exposure (e.g. urban canyons and forests).

Galileo will enable enhanced performance compared to previous combinations of GPS and 
GLONASS by providing signals on dual frequencies. GLONASS has achieved high market 
penetration due to its early availability and the associated performance improvements that 
multi-constellation offers.

Galileo is already present in many receivers, some of them still require firmware update.

Galileo Commercial Service (CS) will deliver high accuracy and robustness even for very demand-
ing applications.

EGNOS provides metre level accuracy, responding well to the 
needs for enhanced GPS positioning by municipalities, forestry 
authorities, etc.

It is widely adopted in all levels of devices, providing added value free of charge. Using EDAS, it 
can also be received by alternative communication channels in areas with poor satellite coverage.

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

GNSS capability of Professional devices*

GPS

SBAS

Galileo

GLONASS

BeiDou

example of R&D project: ASPHALT

example of R&D project: WalkeGNOS

ASPHALT is the Advanced Galileo Navigation System For Asphalt 
fleet machines. The objective of the project is to develop a system for 
machine control and fleet management on a construction site, which 
enables roads of better quality and durability to be built.

The project allows users to record their walks/mountain bike routes on 
their GNSS-enabled smartphone. The GNSS data gathered by the user 
in their journey is uploaded and corrected by post-processing EGNOS 
corrections, allowing the route to be accurately plotted on a map or satellite image.

More information can be found at: http://www.asphalt-fp7.eu/

More information can be found at: http://walkegnos.net/

* Source: GSA analysis based on GPS World Survey 2013. Percentages based on number of models available in Agriculture and Surveying combined, not sales.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

Surveying Reference Charts

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

Installed base of GNSS devices by application

SUrVEYING

EUrOpEAN GNSS SYSTEMS

65

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
n
U

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

)
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

(
€

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

n
o
i
t
a
r
t
e
n
e
p
S
S
N
G

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
(
s
t
i
n
U

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

Rest of the World

North America

GNSS penetration in installed base

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Cadastral

Construction - 
Machine control

Construction - Person based

Mining

Mapping

Marine Surveying

Core revenue from GNSS device sales and services by region

Core revenue from GNSS device sales and service by application

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

EU27

North America

Rest of the World

Average device price

€
e
c
i
r
p
e
c
i
v
e
D

)
s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

(
€

4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0

€
e
c
i
r
p
e
c
i
v
e
D

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Cadastral
Construction - Machine control
Construction - Person based
Mapping

Mining

Marine Surveying
Average device price: Land Surveying 
Average device price: Maritime Surveying

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
66

ANNEX

METHOdOLOGY

Methodology and sources of information

The present market report has been produced by applying the GSA’s* market monitoring and 
forecasting process.

Employing the same general methodology as previous issues, the underlying market model** 
utilises advanced forecasting techniques applied to a wide range of input data, assumptions, 
and scenarios to forecast the size of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) market in 
terms of shipments, revenue, and installed base of receivers.

Historical values are anchored to actual data, where possible, in order to ensure a high level of 
accuracy. Assumptions are informed by expert opinions and model results are cross-checked 
against  the  most  recent  market  research  reports  from  independent  sources,  before  being 
validated through an iterative consultation process with sector experts and stakeholders.

The model makes use of publicly available information including the following sources: Eurostat, 
United  Nations  Conference  on  Trade  and  Development  (UNCTAD),  United  Nations  public 
information, US National Transportation Statistics, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, International 
Road  Assessment  Programme  (IRAP),  International Telecommunication  Union  (ITU),  Nations 
Online,  GSM  Association,  Boeing,  Airbus,  Federal  Aviation  Administration,  General  Aviation 
Manufacturers  Association  (GAMA), World  Shipping  Council,  Equasis,  Eurocontrol,  Infomines 
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), and FP7 project websites. Additional data and reports 
were purchased from: ABI Research, Berg Insight, Bureau van Dijk (ORBIS), Clarkson Research 
Ltd, Farstad Shipping, UIC International Railway Statistics and the Council of European Geodetic 
Surveyors (CLGE).

Disclaimer

The information provided in this report is based on the Agency’s best estimates and forecasts at the time of 
publication***. Although the Agency has taken utmost care in checking the reasonableness of assumptions 
and results with the support of industry experts, the Agency accepts no responsibility for the further use 
made of the content of this report.

*   About the GSA: The European GNSS Agency (GSA) is an agency of the European Union. One of its missions is to support the European Commission in promoting the use of European GNSS (EGNOS and Galileo), keeping Europe at the forefront of the satellite navigation sector.
**   The market monitoring and forecasting process is supported by London Economics (www.londecon.co.uk/aerospace) and Helios (www.askhelios.com).
***  Previous reports: In the past, the Agency communicated various market forecasts through different channels including its own website and conference presentations. The current publication is based on the latest and most comprehensive analyses, and the most recent 

trends and information with respect to the Galileo deployment.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
LIST OF ACrONYMS   

ANNEX

67

List of acronyms

ACCePTA  
ADAS  
AIS  
ANSP  
AOPA  
APV  
BA  
BRIC  
CA  
CAGR  
CANSO  
CAT I, II, III  
CCS  
COSPAS-SARSAT   Russian Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudow - Search and   

ACCelerating EGNOS adoPTion in Aviation
Advanced Driver Assistance System
Automatic Identification System
Air Navigation Service Provider
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance
Business Aviation
Refers to: Brazil, Russia, India, China
Commercial Aviation
Compounded Annual Growth Rate
Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation
ILS Categories for precision instrument approach and landing
Command and Control System

CS  
DGNSS  
DGPS  
DT  
eDAS  
eGNOS  
eSA  
eTCS  
eU  
FAA  
FAO  
FOC  
FOC  
GA  
GAGAN  
GAMA  
GBAS  
GDP  
GNSS  
GPS  
GSA  
GSM  
ICAO  
IFR  
ILS  
IMeS  

Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (International Satellite System For Search  
and Rescue)
(Galileo) Commercial Service
Differential Global Navigation Satellite System
Differential Global Positioning System
Digital Tachograph
EGNOS Data Access Service
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
European Space Agency
European Train Control System
European Union
Federal Aviation Administration
Food and Agriculture Organisation
Full Operational Capabilities
Freight Operating Company
General Aviation
GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation
General Aviation Manufacturers Association
Ground Based Augmentation System
Gross Domestic Product
Global Navigation Satellite System
Global Positioning System
European GNSS Agency
Global System for Mobile Communications
International Civil Aviation Organisation
Instrument Flight Rules
Instrument Landing System
Indoor Messaging System

IMO  
INS  
IOC  
IOV  
IRAP  
ITS  
ITU  
IVS  
LBS  
LPV  
MeOSAR  
MSAS  
OBU  
OS  
PBN  
PeRNASVIP  
PND  
PPP  
PPUI  
PRS  
PTC  
PVT  
RA  
RFID  
RIMS  
ROSCO  
RTK  
RUC  
SAR  
SBAS  
SIS  
SMS  
SOLAS  
TACOT  
TOC  
TTFF  
UNCTAD  
VFR  
VGI  
VRT  
WAAS  
WWRNS  

International Maritime Organisation
Inertial Navigation System
Initial Operational Capabilities
In-Orbit Validation
International Road Assessment Programme
Intelligent Transport System
International Telecommunication Union
In-Vehicle System
Location Based Service
Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance
Medium Earth Orbit Search and Rescue satellites
Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System
On-Board Unit
(Galileo) Open Service
Performance Based Navigation
PERsonal NAvigation System for Visually disabled People
Portable Navigation Device
Precise Poing Positioning
Pay Per Use Insurance
Public Regulated Service
Positive Train Control
Position, Velocity, Timing
Regional Aviation
Radio-Frequency IDentification
Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations
Rolling Stock Operating Company
Real Time Kinematic
Road User Charging
Search and Rescue
Space Based Augmentation System
Signal In Space
Short Message Service
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
Trusted multi-application receiver for trucks
Train Operating Company
Time To First Fix
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Visual Flight Rules
Volunteered Geographical Information
Variable Rate Technology
Wide Area Augmentation System
World-Wide Radio Navigation System

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

 
 
68

ANNEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOrS

The european Commission

The  European  Commission  is  responsible  for  management  of  
the European satellite navigation programmes, Galileo and EGNOS, 
including:

The european GNSS Agency (GSA)

The GSA is the European Union Community Agency 
formed to accomplish specific tasks related to Euro-
pean GNSS programmes.

  management of funds allocated to the programmes,

The GSA’s current mission is to:

  supervising the implementation of all activities related to the programmes,

  ensuring clear division of responsibilities and tasks in particular between the European GNSS 

Agency and European Space Agency,

  ensuring proper reporting on the programme to the Member States of the EU, to the Euro-

pean Parliament and to the Council of European Union.

The Galileo and EGNOS programmes are entirely financed by the European Union.

  contribute to the preparation of the commercialisation and the exploitation of the systems, 
laying the foundations for their economic sustainability and maximising the economic, social 
and public benefits;

  ensure  the  security  accreditation  of  the  systems  and  the  operation  of  the  Galileo  security 

centre;

  accomplish other tasks entrusted to it by the Commission, such as the promotion of applica-

tions and services and managing R&D programmes on satellite navigation.

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

69

GNSS Market Report issue 3, 2013

market@gsa.europa.eu

© 2013 European GNSS Agency

www.gsa.europa.eu

www.egnos-portal.eu

Copyright note: This information can be republished without charge provided the 
European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged. If you do republish, we would be 
grateful if you link back to the GSA website (www.gsa.europa.eu).