Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on laying down calculation methods and reporting requirements pursuant to Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels
Date: 2014-10-06
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: diesel fuel, environmental standard, petrol, qualitative analysis, quality standard













EUR-Lex - 52014PC0617 - EN











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52014PC0617

Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on laying down calculation methods and reporting requirements pursuant to Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels /* COM/2014/0617 final - 2014/0286 (NLE) */









EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1.           CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL
The Climate and Energy package adopted by
the Council and Parliament on 22 April 2009 sought to achieve a 20% reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. It contained a revision to Directive
98/70/EC[1]
on the quality of petrol and diesel.
The revised Directive obliges suppliers[2] to reduce by 6% the
life cycle greenhouse gas intensity of fuel and other (electric) energy
supplied for use in road vehicles and of fuel for use in non-road mobile
machinery by the end of the compliance period in 2020. The target would also
facilitate meeting Member States’ non-ETS targets. The article establishing
this new element is Article 7a of the Directive which effectively establishes a
"low carbon fuel standard" in Union legislation. The Directive also
obliges suppliers to report from 2011 information on, inter alia, the
greenhouse gas intensity of the fuel they have supplied to authorities
designated by the Member States. 
The 6% reduction is likely to be achieved
through the use of biofuels, electricity and a reduction in the flaring and
venting of gases at the extraction stage of fossil fuel feedstocks.
Article 7a(5) requires the Commission to
introduce any measures necessary for the implementation of Article 7a to be adopted
through the regulatory procedure with scrutiny. Consequently, the Commission is
empowered to adopt implementing measures concerning the mechanism to monitor
and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, the Commission was asked to
consider proposals for:
–              
A method for calculating greenhouse gas
emissions of fuels and other energy from non-biological sources (elements
dealing with the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions for biofuels are
already included in Annex IV of the Directive);
–              
A method for calculating the baseline fossil
fuel greenhouse gas intensity to be used as a reference for measuring
compliance with the target;
–              
Calculation and verification of the greenhouse
gas intensity of electric energy used in electric vehicles;
–              
Any rules necessary to give effect to the
requirement that two or more suppliers from one or more Member States are
allowed to report their greenhouse gas intensity jointly;
–              
Any other measures necessary for the
implementation of Article7a.
This draft Directive addresses all five
elements outlined above. 
Article 7a(1) of Directive 98/70/EC defines
the supplier reporting obligations. These are supplemented with harmonized
definitions for the reported data and reporting requirements addressing Member State reporting to the Commission on the greenhouse gas performance of fuels consumed in
the Union. In particular, these reporting requirements will enable the updating
of the fossil fuel comparator described in Annex IV, Part C, Point 19 of
Directive 98/70/EC and Annex V, Part C, Point 19 of Directive 2009/28/EC, will
facilitate the reporting required pursuant to Article 8(3) and Article 9(2) of
Directive 98/70/EC.
2.           RESULTS OF CONSULTATIONS
WITH THE INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
A public consultation[3] was launched in July
2009 which focussed on the issues to be addressed in the draft Directive. In
January 2010 a stakeholder meeting was held comprising the fossil and biofuel
industries, Member States and NGOs. In March 2010 the Commission Services
discussed a concept paper with the Member States with a view to developing the
draft Directive. In addition, the Commission has relied upon the following work
in formulating the current proposal:
–              
The work of the JEC and its "well to
wheels" study [4];
–              
The Brandt study on natural bitumen [5],
–              
The Brandt study on oil shale [6],
–              
The ICCT study on other crude oils[7].
The work by Dr Brandt was subjected to an
external peer-review process whose findings were discussed with stakeholders at
a public meeting on 27 May 2011[8].
The work by ICCT was also subjected to a peer review process whose findings
were discussed with stakeholders at a public meeting on 20 February 2014[9].
In 2013, following inconclusive discussions
with the Committee on Fuel on the draft Directive[10] harmonising the method
for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from fuels of non-biological origin
and electricity in road vehicles, the Commission prepared an impact assessment
in order to evaluate all proposed implementing options. The approach
underpinning this assessment was presented during two stakeholder workshops
held on 20 December 2012 and 15 April 2013[11].
In parallel the Commission attempted to
ascertain whether industry required the development of rules for suppliers who
could meet their reduction target jointly. Despite several requests in this
respect, industry did not respond. The Commission has therefore concluded that
no specific rules are at present necessary, apart from harmonised definitions
and a reporting mechanism..
3.           LEGAL ELEMENTS OF THE
PROPOSAL
The main features of the draft Directive
regarding the method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions of fuels and
other energy from non-biological sources are: 
–              
The use of one average default value to
represent the unit greenhouse gas intensity per fuel type;
–              
Harmonized annual reporting by Suppliers to
Member States and Member States to the Commission needed for monitoring the
reduction of GHG emissions in the Union and for the updating the calculation
methods to technical and scientific progress;
Genesis of the selected calculation
method and reporting requirements
The work underpinning the impact assessment
focused on analysing the accuracy of the evaluated greenhouse gas calculation
methods and the related cost of compliance and administrative burden suppliers
and the Member States would incur for complying with Article 7a of Directive
98/70/EC. 
Inaccurate reporting undermines the
achievement of the Fuel Quality Directive's greenhouse gas intensity target and
unfairly affects the way efforts are shared amongst fuel suppliers. Accuracy of
the calculation method depends upon the method chosen and the accuracy of the
underlying data. Methods based on higher degrees of differentiation of
feedstocks yield more accurate results. The accuracy of the reported data is also
closely related to information on emissions from extraction and processing of
feedstocks (“upstream emissions”). The data[12] underpinning values
included in the draft measure discussed with the Committee on Fuel Quality are
based on voluntary reporting from the Oil and Gas Producers Association,
reflects less than half of the crude oil refined in the Union and does not
provide information on imported products. The latest studies and data on
feedstocks used for producing 60%[13]
to 90%7 of fossil
fuels consumed in the Union suggest that the life cycle average emissions are
approximately 5% higher than the data presented to the Committee on Fuel
Quality in the 2011 proposal. This is largely attributed to significantly higher
and widely varying upstream carbon emissions of fossil fuels. Significant
differences exist in the upstream greenhouse gas intensity of conventional
feedstocks and the production of unconventional sources of oil often exhibit
higher greenhouse gas intensities. Hence, the accuracy of the reported
emissions will improve through harmonized data reporting.
The accuracy of the calculation method is
strongly correlated with the fraction of high intensity feedstocks used in the
production of the fuel. It is therefore necessary to harmonise reporting
related to the origin[14]
and the place of purchase[15]
of the fuel. Such reporting must, however, be coherent with existing Union
legislation on the registration of crude oil imports and deliveries in the EU[16].  
According to the analysis underlying this
proposal the total additional cost per litre of fuel for all calculation
methods considered varied from 0.03 Euro cents to 0.04 Euro cents. The largest
increase was noted if suppliers were obliged to report greenhouse gas values
based on supplier-specific emissions or Union average emissions per each
feedstock used as opposed to a Union average per fuel type for all feedstocks.
This suggests that the optimum option should not require suppliers to report
feedstock-specific greenhouse gas values. Hence, the proposed methodology
requires suppliers to report a Union average greenhouse gas emission intensity
per each fuel.
Article 7a(4) of Directive 98/70/EC
foresees that groups of suppliers may choose to meet the 6% reduction
obligation jointly and that Article 7a(5)(c) of Directive 98/70/EC allows for
the establishment of “any necessary rules” to put this into effect. Hence, it
is necessary to harmonize the definitions of the supplier identification, the
volume of fuel or energy, the fuel or energy type, the place of purchase and
the origin of the fuel or energy placed on the market to facilitate the use of
a common reporting scheme for suppliers from multiple Member States agreeing to
report jointly. Furthermore, to verify that double counting is avoided in cross
border, joint supplier reporting, it is appropriate to harmonise Member State
reporting to the Commission so that the requisite information pertaining to
each supplier forming a group of two or more suppliers from one or more Member
States can be made available to all affected Member State authorities.
It is appropriate for Member States to
allow suppliers to report by using data being collected pursuant to other Union or national legislation so as to reduce the administrative burden provided that the
reporting is conducted in accordance with the requirements outlined in Annex
IV. Such Union legislation includes but is not limited to Commission Regulation
(EC) No 684/2009 of 24 July 2009 implementing Council Directive 2008/118/EC as
regards the computerised procedures for the movement of excise goods under
suspension of excise duty[17],
Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2454/93 of 2 July 1993 laying down provisions
for the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 establishing the
Community Customs Code[18],
Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics[19], Directive 2009/28/EC
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion
of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently
repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC[20]
and subsequent implementing acts thereof, Commission Decision 2007/589/EC of 18
July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of
greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council[21]
as well as Council Regulation 2964/95 introducing registration for crude oil
imports and deliveries in the Community.
 Financial impacts
Competitiveness of the Union industry was
also discussed in the impact assessment. It appears that no significant impacts
on businesses (including refineries) are expected. This stems from the fact
that the expected pump price increases are negligible and virtually all these costs
are expected to be passed through according to the impact assessment. 
2014/0286 (NLE)
Proposal for a
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
on laying down calculation methods and
reporting requirements pursuant to Directive 98/70/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel
fuels
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive 98/70/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the
quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC[22], and in particular Article 7a(5) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the
European Commission,
Whereas:
(1)       The
method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions of fuels and other energy from
non-biological sources to be established pursuant to Article 7a(5) of Directive
98/70/EC should yield reporting of sufficient accuracy so that the Commission
could critically assess the performance of fuel suppliers in meeting their
obligations under Article 7a(2) of Directive 98/70/EC. The calculation method
should ensure measurement accuracy while having due regard for the complexity
of the associated administrative requirements. At the same time, it should incentivise
suppliers to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the fuel they supply. Careful consideration should also be given
to the impact of the methodology on refineries in the Union. Hence, the calculation method should be
based on average greenhouse gas intensities that represent an industry average
value which is typical for a particular fuel source ("average default
values"). This has the advantage of reducing the administrative burden on
suppliers and Member States. At this time, the proposed methodology should not
require the differentiation of the greenhouse gas intensity of fuel on the
basis of the source of the raw material as this would affect current
investments in certain refineries in the Union.
(2)       Reporting requirements for
fuel suppliers which are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as defined
in Commission Recommendation 2003/61 should be minimised as far as in possible
in the context of Article 7a(1) of Directive 98/70/EC. Similarly, importers of
petrol and diesel refined outside the EU should not be obliged to provide detailed
information about the sources of the crude oils used to make those fuels as
this information may not be available or difficult to obtain.
(3)       In order to incentivise
further greenhouse gas emission reductions, savings claimed from upstream
emission reductions including from flaring and venting should be included in
the calculation of suppliers' life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. In order to
facilitate the claiming of upstream emissions savings by fuel suppliers, the
use of various emission schemes should be allowed for calculating and
certifying emission reductions. Only upstream reduction projects which start
after the date of the establishment of the baseline set out in Article 7a(5)(b)
i.e. 1 January 2011 should be eligible.
(4)       Weighted average
greenhouse gas default values provide a simple method by which fuel suppliers
may determine the greenhouse gas content of the fuel they supply. Such values
representing the EU crude oil slate are contained, inter alia, in the
"Well to Wheel" report (version 4) prepared by the JEC consortium,
the studies commissioned by the European Commission from Dr. A. Brandt on
natural bitumen and oil shale as well as the work undertaken for the European
Commission by the International Council on Clean Transportation on upstream
emissions in the context of the "oil production greenhouse gas emissions
estimator" in connection with crude oils consumed in the EU.
(5)       Reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions associated with oil and gas upstream emissions should be
estimated and validated in accordance with principles and standards identified
in International Standards and in particular ISO 14064, ISO 14065 and ISO
14066.
(6)       Article7a(5)(b) of
Directive 98/70/EC requires the establishment of a methodology to determine the
aggregate greenhouse gas intensity of fuels from non-biological origin used in
the Union in 2010 (the "fuel baseline standard").  The baseline
standard should be based upon the volumes of diesel, petrol, non-road gas oil,
liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas using data officially
reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2010. The fuel
baseline standard should not be the fossil fuel comparator that is used for
calculating greenhouse gas savings from biofuels, which should remain as set
out in Annex IV to Directive 98/70/EC.
(7)       Since the composition of
the relevant fossil fuel mix changes little from year to year, the aggregate
variation in the greenhouse gas intensity of the fossil fuels  from year to
year will also be small. It is therefore appropriate that the fuel baseline
standard is based on the 2010 Union average consumption data as reported by the
Member States to the United Nations Framework Convention on the Climate Change.

(8)       The 2010 fuel baseline
standard should represent an average upstream greenhouse gas intensity and
average complex refinery greenhouse gas intensity for fossil fuels. Hence the
baseline should be calculated using the respective fuel default values. The
fuel baseline standard emission value should remain unchanged for the period up
until 2020 in order to provide regulatory certainty to fuel suppliers in
respect of their obligations to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the
fuels they supply. 
(9)       Article 7a(5)(d) of
Directive 98/70/EC provides for the adoption of a methodology to calculate the contribution
of electric road vehicles. Pursuant to that Article the methodology should
be compatible with Article 3(4) of Directive 2009/28/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council[23]. To ensure this compatibility,
the same adjustment factor should be used for the powertrain efficiency. 
(10)     Electric energy supplied
for use in road transport may be reported by suppliers as laid down in Article
7a(1) of Directive 98/70/EC as part of their annual reports to the Member
States. In order to limit administrative costs it is appropriate that the methodology
be based on an estimate rather than an actual measurement of the consumption of
electricity in an electric road vehicle or motorcycle for the purpose of supplier
reporting.
(11)     It is appropriate to
include a detailed approach for estimating the quantity and the greenhouse gas
intensity of biofuels in cases where processing of a biofuel and a fossil fuel
occurs during the same process. A specific method is needed because the
resulting volume of the biofuel is not measurable such as during co-hydro
treatment of vegetable oils with a fossil fuel. Article 7d(1) of Directive
98/70/EC stipulates that the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions should, for
the purposes of Article 7a and Article 7b(2) of that Directive, be calculated
with the same methodology. Therefore the certification of greenhouse gas
emissions by recognised Voluntary Schemes is as valid for the purposes of Article
7a as it is for the purpose of Article 7b (2) of Directive 98/70/EC.  
(12)     The required supplier
reporting laid down in Article 7a(1) of Directive 98/70/EC should be supplemented
by a harmonized format and definitions of the data to be reported.
Harmonisation of the definitions of data is needed for the proper execution of
the greenhouse gas intensity calculation linked to an individual supplier’s
reporting obligations as the data form key inputs into the method harmonised
pursuant to Article 7a(5)(a) of Directive 98/70/EC. These data include the
supplier identification, volume of fuel or energy placed on the market and fuel
or energy type placed on the market. 
(13)     The required supplier
reporting, outlined in Article 7a(1) of Directive 98/70/EC should be
supplemented by harmonized reporting requirements, a reporting format and
definitions for Member State reporting to the Commission pertaining to the
greenhouse gas performance of fuels consumed in the Union. In particular, these
reporting requirements will enable the updating of the fossil fuel comparator
described in Point 19 of Part C of Annex IV, of Directive 98/70/EC and Point 19
of Part C of Annex V, Part C, of Directive 2009/28/EC, will facilitate the
reporting required pursuant to Article 8(3) and Article 9(2) of Directive
98/70/EC and will facilitate updating of the calculation method to technical
and scientific progress in order to ensure that it meets its intended purpose.
These data include the volume of fuel or energy placed on the market and fuel
or energy type, the place of purchase and the origin of the fuel or energy
placed on the market. 
(14)     It is appropriate for
Member States to allow suppliers to fulfil their reporting requirements by
relying on equivalent data being collected pursuant to other Union or national
legislation so as to reduce the administrative burden provided that the
reporting is conducted in accordance with the requirements set out in Annex IV
and definitions laid down in Annexes I and III.
(15)     In order to facilitate
reporting by groups of suppliers pursuant to Article 7a(4) of Directive
98/70/EC, Article 7a(5)(c) of that Directive allows for the establishment of
any necessary rules. It is desirable to facilitate such reporting in order to
avoid disruption to physical fuel movements since different  suppliers place
different fuels of differing proportions on the market and hence may have to
deploy different levels of resources to meet the greenhouse gas reduction
target. Hence, it is necessary to harmonize the definitions of the supplier
identification, the volume of fuel or energy placed on the market, the fuel or
energy type, the place of purchase and the origin of the fuel or energy placed
on the market. Furthermore, to avoid double counting in cross border, joint
supplier reporting, it is appropriate to harmonise Member State reporting to
the Commission so that the requisite information pertaining to each supplier
forming a group of two or more suppliers from one or more Member States can be
made available to all Member State authorities concerned.
(16)     Pursuant to Article 8(3) of
Directive 98/70/EC, Member States are to submit an annual report of national
fuel quality data for the preceding year in accordance with the format
established in Commission Decision 2002/159/EC of 18 February 2002[24]. To cover the
amendments introduced to Directive 98/70/EC by Directive 2009/30/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council [25]
and the subsequent additional reporting requirements on the Member States it is
necessary in the interest of effectiveness and harmonization to clarify which
information, falling under the reporting obligation on fuel quality data in
Article 8 of Directive 98/70/EC, should be reported and also adopt a format for
the submission of data by suppliers and Member States.
(17)     The Commission presented a
draft measure to the Committee established by Directive 98/70/EC on 23 February
2012. The Committee was unable to adopt an opinion by the necessary qualified
majority and it is therefore appropriate for the Commission to present a
proposal to the Council pursuant to Article 5a(4) of Council Decision
2006/512/EC.
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
Scope
This
Directive applies to fuels used to propel road vehicles, and non-road mobile
machinery (including inland waterway vessels when not at sea), agri­cultural
and forestry tractors, and recreational craft when not at sea and electricity
for use in road vehicles.
Article 2
Definitions
For the
purposes of this Directive, and in addition to the definitions already
contained in Directive 98/70/EC, the following definitions shall apply:
(1)       "upstream
emissions" means all greenhouse gas emissions occurring prior to the raw
material entering a refinery or a processing plant where the fuel, as referred
to in Annex I, was produced; 
(2)       "natural bitumen raw
material " means any source of refinery raw material that:
–              
has an American Petroleum Institute Gravity of
10 degrees or less when situated in a reservoir formation at the place of
extraction as defined pursuant to testing method American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM)[26]
D287;
–              
has an annual average viscosity at reservoir
temperature greater than that calculated by the equation: Viscosity
(Centipoise) = 518.98e-0.038T; where T is the temperature in Celsius;
–              
falls within the definition for tar sands under
combined nomenclature code CN 2714 as outlined in Council Regulation (EEC) No
2658/87[27];
and
–              
where the mobilization of the source of the raw
material is achieved by mining extraction or thermally enhanced gravity
drainage where the thermal energy is mainly derived from sources other than the
feedstock source itself;
(3)       "oil shale raw
material" means any source of refinery raw material as situated in a rock
formation containing solid kerogen and falling within the definition for oil
shale under CN 2714 outlined in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/8727. Mobilization of the source of the
raw material is achieved by mining extraction or thermally enhanced gravity
drainage.
(4)       "conventional
crude" means any refinery raw material exhibiting an American Petroleum
Institute Gravity that is higher than 10 degrees when situated in a reservoir
formation at its place of origin as measured per testing method ASTM D287 and
not falling within the definition for CN 2714 as set out in Regulation (EEC) No
2658/8727. 
Article 3
            Methodology for calculating
the greenhouse gas intensity of fuels and energy supplied other than biofuels
and reporting by fuel suppliers
1.           For the purposes of Articles
7a(2), Member States shall ensure that fuel suppliers use the methodology set
out in Annex I to determine the greenhouse gas intensity of the fuels they
supply.
2.           For the purposes of the
second subparagraph of Article 7a(1) and Article 7a(2) of Directive 98/70/EC
Member States shall require suppliers to report data using the definitions and
the calculation methodology set out in Annex I to this Directive. The data
shall be reported annually using the template set out in Annex IV to this
Directive.
3.           Member States shall apply
the simplified methodology set out in Annex I to this Directive for fuel
suppliers that are small and medium-sized enterprises.
Article 4
            Calculation of fuel baseline
standard and greenhouse gas intensity reduction 
For the
purposes of verifying compliance by fuel suppliers with their obligation under
Article 7a(2) of Directive 98/70/EC, Member States shall require suppliers to
compare their achieved reductions of life cycle greenhouse emissions from
fuels  and from electric energy to the fuel baseline standard set out in Annex
II to this Directive.
Article 5
            Reporting by Member States 
1.           When submitting reports to
the Commission under Article 8(3) of Directive 98/70/EC, Member States shall provide the Commission with data related to compliance with Article 7a of that
Directive as defined in Annex III to this Directive.
2.           Member States shall use
the ReportNet tools of the European Environment Agency, provided pursuant to
Regulation (EC) No 401/2009[28],
for the submission of the data set out in Annex III to this Directive. The data
shall be transmitted by the Member States by means of electronic data transfer
to the Central Data Repository managed by the European Environmental Agency
using the template prepared on the basis of Annex IV and provided therein.
3.           The data shall be provided
annually using the format prescribed in Annex IV. Member States shall notify to
the Commission the date of the transmission and the contact name of the
competent authority responsible for verifying and reporting the data to the
Commission.
Article 6
Penalties
Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties
applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this
Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are
implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and
dissuasive. Member States shall notify those provisions to the Commission by [twelve month after adoption] at the latest and shall notify it
without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.
Article 7
Transposition
1.           Member States shall bring
into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to
comply with this Directive by [twelve months after adoption] at the latest.
They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those
provisions. 
2.           When Member States adopt
those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be
accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. The
methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.
3.           Member States shall
communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law
which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 8
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on
the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal
of the European Union.
Article 9
This Directive is addressed to the Member
States.
Done at Brussels,
                                                                       For
the Council
                                                                       The
President
[1]               Directive 2009/30/EC OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 88
[2]               The entity responsible for passing the fuel or
electricity through the excise duty point e.g. the oil refiner 
[3]               https://circabc.europa.eu/faces/jsp/extension/wai/navigation/container.jsp
for both the questions and responses
[4]               The JEC consortium comprises the JRC, EUCAR and
CONCAWE. Thus the Commission, EU automobile industry and oil industry take part
in this work. http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/about-jec/sites/about-jec/files/documents/report_2013/wtt_report_v4_july_2013_final.pdf
[5]               https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/9e51b066-9394-4821-a1e2-ff611ab22a2d

[6]               https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/9ab55170-dc88-4dcb-b2d6-e7e7ba59d8c3 
[7]               International Council on Clean Transportation
(ICCT)
https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/49f63fd8-7e27-4cf7-8790-3410ee8d308e
[8]               https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/9e51b066-9394-4821-a1e2-ff611ab22a2d 
[9]               https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/75e69e4c-ded2-418c-a6e6-ee3fa3a93c6c
[10]             http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regcomitology/index.cfm?do=search.dossierdetail&i4E3IvzVEe6K7czhtRYFvHaI4f3TEUr8zQzZMBeU3winIDvf1TNPofuY6ToXhDSw
[11]             https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/6893ba02-aaed-40a7-bf0d-f5affc85a619
[12]             http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/about-jec/sites/about-jec/files/documents/report_2013/wtt_report_v4_july_2013_final.pdf
[13]             http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/pdf/EU_FQD_Study_Final_Report.pdf
[14]             Defined as the feedstock trade name. Information on
crude oil is currently reported pursuant to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2964/95
and forwarded quarterly following robust confidentiality measures to the
Commission with the exception of the trade name. Reporting of a non-descript
"designation" is required. Trade name is a more precise description
that is also more widely recognized and easier to link to GHG emissions. Hence,
a list of trade names for commonly used crude oils will be specified in the
implementing measure.
[15]             Defined as the country and name
of the processing facility. Member States already
obtain this information via customs duty legislation. In particular, Article 37
of Regulation (EC) No 450/2008 permits the request of any necessary information
pertaining to the country of origin of a product. The origin is defined as the
location where the product underwent the last substantial transformation.
Specific definitions for transformations pertaining to fuels are identified in
Annex 14 and 15 of Commission Regulation 2454/93.
[16]             Council Regulation (EC) No 2964/95 introducing
registration for crude oil imports and deliveries in the Community; OJ L 310,
22.12.1995, p. 5.
[17]             OJ L 197, 29.7.2009, p. 24.
[18]             OJ L 253, 11.10.1993, p. 1.
[19]             OJ L 304, 14.11.2008, p. 1.               
[20]             OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16.
[21]             OJ L 229, 31.8.2007, p. 1.
[22]             OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p.58.
[23]             Directive 2009/28/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the
use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing
Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (OJ L 140,
5.6.2009, p.16).
[24]             Commission Decision 2002/159/EC
of 18 February 2002 on a common format for the submission of summaries of
national fuel quality data (OJ L 53, 23.2.2002, p. 30).
[25]             Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the
specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to
monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC
as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and
repealing Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 88).
[26]             American Society for Testing and Materials, http://www.astm.org/index.shtml 
[27]             Council Regulation (EEC) No
2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the
Common Customs Tariff (OJ L 256, 07.09.1987, p. 1). 
[28]             Regulation (EC) No 401/2009 of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the European
Environment Agency and the European Environment Information and Observation
Network (OJ L 126, 21/05/2009, p. 13).
Annex I
Methodology
for the calculation and reporting of the life cycle greenhouse gas intensity
of fuels and energy by fuel suppliers
Part 1:
When calculating a fuel supplier's
greenhouse gas intensity of fuels and energy:
1.                      
The greenhouse gas intensity for fuels and
energy is expressed in terms of grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per Mega
Joule of fuel (gCO2eq/MJ);
2.                      
The greenhouse gases taken into account for the
purposes of calculating the greenhouse gas intensity of fuel is carbon dioxide
(CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4).
For the purpose of calculating CO2 equivalence, emissions of those
gases are valued in terms of CO2 equivalent emissions as follows:
CO2:
1;   CH4: 25;   N2O: 298
3.                      
Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and
equipment utilized in extraction, production, refining and consumption of
fossil fuels shall not be taken into account in the greenhouse gas calculation.
4.                      
A fuel supplier's greenhouse gas intensity from
the life cycle of all fuels supplied shall be calculated in accordance with the
formula below:
A supplier’s greenhouse gas intensity (#)
= 
Where:
(a)              
“#”means the supplier’s identification (person
liable to pay duty) defined in Regulation (EC) No 684/2009 as the Trader Excise
Number (SEED registration number or VAT ID number in Table 1 point 5 (a) of
Annex I to that Regulation for Destination Type codes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8)
which is also the entity liable to pay the excise duty in accordance with
Article 8 of Council Directive 2008/118/EC at the time excise duty became chargeable
in accordance with Article 7(2) of Directive 2008/118/EC. If this
identification is not available Member States shall ensure that an equivalent
means of identification is established in accordance with a national excise
duty reporting scheme.
(b)              
“x” means the fuel and energy types falling
within the scope of this Directive as expressed in Table 1 - point17(c) of
Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 684/2009. If these data are not available, Member
States shall collect equivalent data in accordance with a nationally
established excise duty reporting scheme.
(c)              
“MJx” means the total energy supplied
and converted from reported volumes of fuel “x” expressed in Mega Joules. This
is calculated as follows:
The
quantity of each fuel per fuel type
Is derived from data
reported pursuant to Table 1 – point 17  (d), (f), and (o) of Annex I to
Regulation (EC) No 684/2009. Biofuel quantities are converted to their
lower-heat-value energy content pursuant to the energy densities set out in
Annex III to Directive 2009/28/EC[1].
Quantities of fuels from non-biological origin are converted to their
lower-heat-value energy content pursuant to energy densities set out in
Appendix 1 to the JEC Well-to-Tank report[2].
Simultaneous
co-processing of fossil fuels and biofuels
Processing includes any
modification during the life cycle of a fuel or energy supplied causing a
change to the molecular structure of the product. The addition of denaturant
does not fall under this processing. The volume of biofuels co-processed with
fuels from non-biological origin reflects the post-processing state of the
biofuel. The energy quantity of the co-processed biofuel is determined
according to the energy balance and efficiency of the co-processing process as
set out in Annex IV (17) of Directive 98/70/EC. 
Where multiple biofuels
are blended with fossil fuels the quantity and type of each biofuel is taken
into account in the calculation and reported by suppliers to the Member States.
The volume of biofuel
supplied that does not meet the requirements of Article 7b(1) of Directive
98/70/EC is counted as fossil fuel.
E85 petrol-ethanol
blend shall be calculated as a separate fuel for the purpose of Article 6 of
Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council[3].

If quantities are not
collected pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 684/2009, Member States shall collect
equivalent data in accordance with a nationally established excise duty
reporting scheme.
Quantity
of electric energy consumed 
Is the amount of
electricity consumed in road vehicles or motorcycles where an energy supplier
reports this amount of energy to the relevant authority in the Member State in
accordance with the following formula: 
Electric energy
consumed = distance travelled (km) x electric energy consumption efficiency
(MJ/km).
(d)             
UER
“UER” is the upstream
emission reduction of greenhouse gases claimed by a fuel supplier measured in
gCO2eq if quantified and reported in accordance with the following
requirements:
Eligibility
Voluntary greenhouse
gas emission reductions at oil and gas production and extraction sites shall
only be applied to the upstream emission's part of the default values for petrol,
diesel, CNG or LPG. 
Upstream greenhouse gas
emission reductions originating from any country may be counted as a reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions against fuels from any feedstock source supplied by
any fuel supplier.
Upstream greenhouse gas
emission reductions shall only be counted if they are associated with projects
that have started after 1 January 2011
It is not necessary to
prove that upstream emission reductions would not have taken place without the
Article 7a reporting requirement.
Calculation
Greenhouse gas
reductions associated with oil and gas upstream emissions will be estimated and
validated in accordance with principles and standards identified in
International Standards and in particular ISO 14064, ISO 14065 and ISO 14066.
The UERs and baseline
emissions are to be monitored, reported and verified in accordance with ISO
14064 and providing results of equivalent confidence of Regulation (EU) No
600/2012 and Regulation (EU) No 601/2012. The verification of methods for
estimating UERs must be done in accordance with ISO 14064-3 and the
organisation verifying this must be accredited in accordance with ISO 14065. 
(e)              
“GHGix” is the unit greenhouse gas intensity of
fuel “x” expressed in gCO2eq/MJ. Fuel suppliers shall define the
unit intensity of each fuel as follows:
Greenhouse
gas intensity of fuels from a non-biological
origin is the “weighted unit life cycle greenhouse gas intensity” per fuel type
listed in the last column of the table under Part 2 point (5) of this Annex.  
Electrical
energy is calculated as described in Part 2
point (6) below.
Greenhouse
gas intensity of biofuels
The
greenhouse gas intensity of biofuels meeting the requirements of Article 7b(1)
of Directive 98/70/EC is calculated in accordance with Article 7d of that
Directive. In case data on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of biofuels
was obtained in accordance with an agreement or scheme that has been the
subject of a decision pursuant Article 7c(4) of Directive 98/70/EC covering
Article 7b(2) of that Directive this data is also be used to establish the 
greenhouse gas intensity of biofuels under Article 7b(1) of that Directive. The
greenhouse gas intensity for biofuels not meeting the requirements of Article
7b(1) of Directive 98/70/EC is equal to the greenhouse intensity of the
respective fossil fuel derived from conventional crude oil or gas.
Simultaneous
co-processing of fuels from non-biological
origin and biofuels
The
greenhouse gas intensity of biofuels co-processed with fossil fuels shall
reflect the post-processing state of the biofuel. 
(f)               
“AF” represents the adjustment factors for
powertrain efficiencies: 
 Predominant conversion technology || Efficiency factor 
 Internal combustion engine || 1 
 Battery electric powertrain || 0.4 
 Hydrogen fuel cell electric powertrain || 0.4 
Part
2: Reporting by fuel suppliers
(1)              
Upstream Emissions reductions (UERs)
In
order for upstream emissions reductions to be eligible for the purposes of this
methodology fuel suppliers shall report to the authority designated by the
Member States the:
(i)      starting date of the project which
must be after 1 January 2011;
(ii)     annual emission reductions in gCO2eq;
(iii)    duration for which the claimed
reductions occurred;
(iv)    project location closest to the source
of the emissions in latitude and longitude coordinates in degrees to the fourth
decimal place;
(v)     baseline annual emissions prior to
installation of reduction measures and annual emissions after the reduction
measures have been implemented in gCO2eq/MJ of feedstock produced; 
(vi)    non-reusable certificate number
uniquely identifying the scheme and the claimed greenhouse gas reductions
(vii)   non-reusable number uniquely identifying
the calculation method and the associated scheme;
(viii)  where the project relates to oil
extraction, the average annual historical and reporting year gas-to-oil ratio
(GOR) in solution, reservoir pressure, depth and well production rate of the
crude oil.
(2)              
Origin 
"Origin"
means the feedstock trade name listed in Part 2 point (7) of this Annex but
only where fuel suppliers hold the necessary information by virtue of (i) being
a person or undertaking importing crude oil from third countries or receiving a
crude oil delivery from another Member State pursuant to Article 1 of Council
Regulation (EC) No 2964/95; or (ii) arrangements to share information agreed
with other fuel suppliers. In all other cases, origin shall refer to whether
the fuel is of EU or non-EU origin.
The
information collected and reported by fuel suppliers to the Member States
concerning the origin of fuels shall be confidential but this shall not prevent
the publication by the Commission of general information or information in
summary form which does not contain details relating to individual
undertakings.
For
biofuels origin means the biofuel production pathway set out in Annex IV of
Directive 98/70/EC. 
Where multiple
feedstocks are used, the quantity in metric tonnes of finished product per type
of each feedstock produced in the respective processing facility during the
reporting year shall be provided. 
(3)              
Place of purchase
"Place
of purchase" means the country and name of the processing facility where
the fuel or energy underwent the last substantial transformation used to confer
the origin of the fuel or energy in accordance with Commission Regulation (EEC)
No 2454/93. 
(4)              
Small and medium-sized enterprises
By
way of derogation for fuel suppliers that are small and medium-sized
enterprises, "origin" and "place of purchase" is either EU
or non-EU, as appropriate, irrespective of whether they import crude oil or
they supply petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous materials.
(5)              
2010 average life cycle greenhouse gas default
values for fuels other than biofuels and electric energy 
 Raw material source and process || Fuel or energy type placed on the market || Life cycle unit GHG intensity (gCO2eq/MJ) || Weighted life cycle unit GHG intensity (gCO2eq/MJ) 
 Conventional crude || Petrol || 93.2 ||       93.3 
 Natural Gas-to-Liquid || 94.3 
 Coal-to-Liquid || 172 
 Natural bitumen || 107 
 Oil shale || 131.3 
   ||   
 Conventional crude || Diesel or gasoil || 95 ||       95.1 
 Natural Gas-to-Liquid || 94.3 
 Coal-to-Liquid || 172 
 Natural bitumen || 108.5 
 Oil shale || 133.7 
   ||   
 Any fossil sources || Liquefied Petroleum Gas in a spark ignition engine || 73.6 || 73.6 
 Natural Gas, EU mix || Compressed Gas in a spark ignition engine || 69.3 || 69.3 
 Natural Gas, EU mix || Liquefied Gas in a spark ignition engine || 74.5 || 74.5 
 Sabatier reaction of hydrogen from non-biological renewable energy electrolysis || Compressed synthetic methane in a spark ignition engine || 3.3 || 3.3 
 Natural gas using steam reforming || Compressed Hydrogen in a fuel cell || 104.3 || 104.3 
 Electrolysis fully powered by non-biological renewable energy || Compressed Hydrogen in a fuel cell || 9.1 || 9.1 
 Coal || Compressed Hydrogen in a fuel cell || 234.4 || 234.4 
 Coal with Carbon Capture and Storage of process emissions || Hydrogen in a fuel cell || 52.7 || 52.7 
 Waste plastic derived from fossil feedstocks || Petrol, diesel or gasoil || 86 || 86 
(6)              
Electrical energy
For
the reporting by energy suppliers of electricity consumed by electric vehicles
and motorcycles, Member States should calculate national average life cycle
default values in accordance with appropriate International Standards.
Alternatively
Member States may permit their suppliers to establish unit greenhouse gas
intensity values (gCO2eq/MJ) for electricity from data reported by
Member States on the basis of:
(i)      Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics
or,
(ii)     Regulation (EU) No
525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a mechanism for
monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other
information at national and Union level relevant to climate change or,
(iii)    Commission delegated regulation (EU) No 666/2014
establishing substantive requirements for a Union inventory system and taking
into account changes in the global warming potentials and internationally
agreed inventory guidelines pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the
European Parliament and of the Council.
(7)              
Feedstock trade name
 Country || Feedstock trade name || API || Sulphur (wt %) 
 Abu Dhabi || Al Bunduq || 38.5 || 1.1 
 Abu Dhabi || Mubarraz || 38.1 || 0.9 
 Abu Dhabi || Murban || 40.5 || 0.8 
 Abu Dhabi || Zakum (Lower Zakum/Abu Dhabi Marine) || 40.6 || 1 
 Abu Dhabi || Umm Shaif (Abu Dhabi Marine) || 37.4 || 1.5 
 Abu Dhabi || Arzanah || 44 || 0 
 Abu Dhabi || Abu Al Bu Khoosh || 31.6 || 2 
 Abu Dhabi || Murban Bottoms || 21.4 || NOT AVAILABLE (NA) 
 Abu Dhabi || Top Murban || 21 || NA 
 Abu Dhabi || Upper Zakum || 34.4 || 1.7 
 Algeria || Arzew || 44.3 || 0.1 
 Algeria || Hassi Messaoud || 42.8 || 0.2 
 Algeria || Zarzaitine || 43 || 0.1 
 Algeria || Algerian || 44 || 0.1 
 Algeria || Skikda || 44.3 || 0.1 
 Algeria || Saharan Blend || 45.5 || 0.1 
 Algeria || Hassi Ramal || 60 || 0.1 
 Algeria || Algerian Condensate || 64.5 || NA 
 Algeria || Algerian Mix || 45.6 || 0.2 
 Algeria || Algerian Condensate (Arzew) || 65.8 || 0 
 Algeria || Algerian Condensate (Bejaia) || 65.0 || 0 
 Algeria || Top Algerian || 24.6 || NA 
 Angola || Cabinda || 31.7 || 0.2 
 Angola || Takula || 33.7 || 0.1 
 Angola || Soyo Blend || 33.7 || 0.2 
 Angola || Mandji || 29.5 || 1.3 
 Angola || Malongo (West) || 26 || NA 
 Angola || Cavala-1 || 42.3 || NA 
 Angola || Sulele (South-1) || 38.7 || NA 
 Angola || Palanca || 40 || 0.14 
 Angola || Malongo (North) || 30 || NA 
 Angola || Malongo (South) || 25 || NA 
 Angola || Nemba || 38.5 || 0 
 Angola || Girassol || 31.3 || NA 
 Angola || Kuito || 20 || NA 
 Angola || Hungo || 28.8 || NA 
 Angola || Kissinje || 30.5 || 0.37 
 Angola || Dalia || 23.6 || 1.48 
 Angola || Gimboa || 23.7 || 0.65 
 Angola || Mondo || 28.8 || 0.44 
 Angola || Plutonio || 33.2 || 0.036 
 Angola || Saxi Batuque Blend || 33.2 || 0.36 
 Angola || Xikomba || 34.4 || 0.41 
 Argentina || Tierra del Fuego || 42.4 || NA 
 Argentina || Santa Cruz || 26.9 || NA 
 Argentina || Escalante || 24 || 0.2 
 Argentina || Canadon Seco || 27 || 0.2 
 Argentina || Hidra || 51.7 || 0.05 
 Argentina || Medanito || 34.93 || 0.48 
 Armenia || Armenian Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Australia || Jabiru || 42.3 || 0.03 
 Australia || Kooroopa (Jurassic) || 42 || NA 
 Australia || Talgeberry (Jurassic) || 43 || NA 
 Australia || Talgeberry (Up Cretaceous) || 51 || NA 
 Australia || Woodside Condensate || 51.8 || NA 
 Australia || Saladin-3 (Top Barrow) || 49 || NA 
 Australia || Harriet || 38 || NA 
 Australia || Skua-3 (Challis Field) || 43 || NA 
 Australia || Barrow Island || 36.8 || 0.1 
 Australia || Northwest Shelf Condensate || 53.1 || 0 
 Australia || Jackson Blend || 41.9 || 0 
 Australia || Cooper Basin || 45.2 || 0.02 
 Australia || Griffin || 55 || 0.03 
 Australia || Buffalo Crude || 53 || NA 
 Australia || Cossack || 48.2 || 0.04 
 Australia || Elang || 56.2 || NA 
 Australia || Enfield || 21.7 || 0.13 
 Australia || Gippsland (Bass Strait) || 45.4 || 0.1 
 Azerbaijan || Azeri Light || 34.8 || 0.15 
 Bahrain || Bahrain Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Belarus || Belarus Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Benin || Seme || 22.6 || 0.5 
 Benin || Benin Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Belize || Belize Light Crude || 40 || NA 
 Belize || Belize Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Bolivia || Bolivian Condensate || 58.8 || 0.1 
 Brazil || Garoupa || 30.5 || 0.1 
 Brazil || Sergipano || 25.1 || 0.4 
 Brazil || Campos Basin || 20 || NA 
 Brazil || Urucu (Upper Amazon) || 42 || NA 
 Brazil || Marlim || 20 || NA 
 Brazil || Brazil Polvo || 19.6 || 1.14 
 Brazil || Roncador || 28.3 || 0.58 
 Brazil || Roncador Heavy || 18 || NA 
 Brazil || Albacora East || 19.8 || 0.52 
 Brunei || Seria Light || 36.2 || 0.1 
 Brunei || Champion || 24.4 || 0.1 
 Brunei || Champion Condensate || 65 || 0.1 
 Brunei || Brunei LS Blend || 32 || 0.1 
 Brunei || Brunei Condensate || 65 || NA 
 Brunei || Champion Export || 23.9 || 0.12 
 Cameroon || Kole Marine Blend || 34.9 || 0.3 
 Cameroon || Lokele || 21.5 || 0.5 
 Cameroon || Moudi Light || 40 || NA 
 Cameroon || Moudi Heavy || 21.3 || NA 
 Cameroon || Ebome || 32.1 || 0.35 
 Cameroon || Cameroon Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Canada || Peace River Light || 41 || NA 
 Canada || Peace River Medium || 33 || NA 
 Canada || Peace River Heavy || 23 || NA 
 Canada || Manyberries || 36.5 || NA 
 Canada || Rainbow Light and Medium || 40.7 || NA 
 Canada || Pembina || 33 || NA 
 Canada || Bells Hill Lake || 32 || NA 
 Canada || Fosterton Condensate || 63 || NA 
 Canada || Rangeland Condensate || 67.3 || NA 
 Canada || Redwater || 35 || NA 
 Canada || Lloydminster || 20.7 || 2.8 
 Canada || Wainwright- Kinsella || 23.1 || 2.3 
 Canada || Bow River Heavy || 26.7 || 2.4 
 Canada || Fosterton || 21.4 || 3 
 Canada || Smiley-Coleville || 22.5 || 2.2 
 Canada || Midale || 29 || 2.4 
 Canada || Milk River Pipeline || 36 || 1.4 
 Canada || Ipl-Mix Sweet || 40 || 0.2 
 Canada || Ipl-Mix Sour || 38 || 0.5 
 Canada || Ipl Condensate || 55 || 0.3 
 Canada || Aurora Light || 39.5 || 0.4 
 Canada || Aurora Condensate || 65 || 0.3 
 Canada || Reagan Field || 35 || 0.2 
 Canada || Synthetic Canada || 30.3 || 1.7 
 Canada || Cold Lake || 13.2 || 4.1 
 Canada || Cold Lake Blend || 26.9 || 3 
 Canada || Canadian Federated || 39.4 || 0.3 
 Canada || Chauvin || 22 || 2.7 
 Canada || Gcos || 23 || NA 
 Canada || Gulf Alberta L & M || 35.1 || 1 
 Canada || Light Sour Blend || 35 || 1.2 
 Canada || Lloyd Blend || 22 || 2.8 
 Canada || Peace River Condensate || 54.9 || NA 
 Canada || Sarnium Condensate || 57.7 || NA 
 Canada || Saskatchewan Light || 32.9 || NA 
 Canada || Sweet Mixed Blend || 38 || 0.5 
 Canada || Syncrude || 32 || 0.1 
 Canada || Rangeland – South L & M || 39.5 || 0.5 
 Canada || Northblend Nevis || 34 || NA 
 Canada || Canadian Common Condensate || 55 || NA 
 Canada || Canadian Common || 39 || 0.3 
 Canada || Waterton Condensate || 65.1 || NA 
 Canada || Panuke Condensate || 56 || NA 
 Canada || Federated Light and Medium || 39.7 || 2 
 Canada || Wabasca || 23 || NA 
 Canada || Hibernia || 37.3 || 0.37 
 Canada || BC Light || 40 || NA 
 Canada || Boundary || 39 || NA 
 Canada || Albian Heavy || 21 || NA 
 Canada || Koch Alberta || 34 || NA 
 Canada || Terra Nova || 32.3 || NA 
 Canada || Echo Blend || 20.6 || 3.15 
 Canada || Western Canadian Blend || 19.8 || 3 
 Canada || Western Canadian Select || 20.5 || 3.33 
 Canada || White Rose || 31.0 || 0.31 
 Canada || Access || 22 || NA 
 Canada || Premium Albian Synthetic Heavy || 20.9 || NA 
 Canada || Albian Residuum Blend (ARB) || 20.03 || 2.62 
 Canada || Christina Lake || 20.5 || 3 
 Canada || CNRL || 34 || NA 
 Canada || Husky Synthetic Blend || 31.91 || 0.11 
 Canada || Premium Albian Synthetic (PAS) || 35.5 || 0.04 
 Canada || Seal Heavy(SH) || 19.89 || 4.54 
 Canada || Suncor Synthetic A (OSA) || 33.61 || 0.178 
 Canada || Suncor Synthetic H (OSH) || 19.53 || 3.079 
 Canada || Peace Sour || 33 || NA 
 Canada || Western Canadian Resid || 20.7 || NA 
 Canada || Christina Dilbit Blend || 21.0 || NA 
 Canada || Christina Lake Dilbit || 38.08 || 3.80 
 Chile || Chile Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Chad || Doba Blend (Early Production) || 24.8 || 0.14 
 Chad || Doba Blend (Later Production) || 20.8 || 0.17 
 China || Taching (Daqing) || 33 || 0.1 
 China || Shengli || 24.2 || 1 
 China || Beibu || NA || NA 
 China || Chengbei || 17 || NA 
 China || Lufeng || 34.4 || NA 
 China || Xijiang || 28 || NA 
 China || Wei Zhou || 39.9 || NA 
 China || Liu Hua || 21 || NA 
 China || Boz Hong || 17 || 0.282 
 China || Peng Lai || 21.8 || 0.29 
 China || Xi Xiang || 32.18 || 0.09 
 Colombia || Onto || 35.3 || 0.5 
 Colombia || Putamayo || 35 || 0.5 
 Colombia || Rio Zulia || 40.4 || 0.3 
 Colombia || Orito || 34.9 || 0.5 
 Colombia || Cano-Limon || 30.8 || 0.5 
 Colombia || Lasmo || 30 || NA 
 Colombia || Cano Duya-1 || 28 || NA 
 Colombia || Corocora-1 || 31.6 || NA 
 Colombia || Suria Sur-1 || 32 || NA 
 Colombia || Tunane-1 || 29 || NA 
 Colombia || Casanare || 23 || NA 
 Colombia || Cusiana || 44.4 || 0.2 
 Colombia || Vasconia || 27.3 || 0.6 
 Colombia || Castilla Blend || 20.8 || 1.72 
 Colombia || Cupiaga || 43.11 || 0.082 
 Colombia || South Blend || 28.6 || 0.72 
 Congo (Brazzaville) || Emeraude || 23.6 || 0.5 
 Congo (Brazzaville) || Djeno Blend || 26.9 || 0.3 
 Congo (Brazzaville) || Viodo Marina-1 || 26.5 || NA 
 Congo (Brazzaville) || Nkossa || 47 || 0.03 
 Congo (Kinshasa) || Muanda || 34 || 0.1 
 Congo (Kinshasa) || Congo/Zaire || 31.7 || 0.1 
 Congo (Kinshasa) || Coco || 30.4 || 0.15 
 Cote d’Ivoire || Espoir || 31.4 || 0.3 
 Cote d’Ivoire || Lion Cote || 41.1 || 0.101 
 Denmark || Dan || 30.4 || 0.3 
 Denmark || Gorm || 33.9 || 0.2 
 Denmark || Danish North Sea || 34.5 || 0.26 
 Dubai || Dubai (Fateh) || 31.1 || 2 
 Dubai || Margham Light || 50.3 || 0 
 Ecuador || Oriente || 29.2 || 1 
 Ecuador || Quito || 29.5 || 0.7 
 Ecuador || Santa Elena || 35 || 0.1 
 Ecuador || Limoncoha-1 || 28 || NA 
 Ecuador || Frontera-1 || 30.7 || NA 
 Ecuador || Bogi-1 || 21.2 || NA 
 Ecuador || Napo || 19 || 2 
 Ecuador || Napo Light || 19.3 || NA 
 Egypt || Belayim || 27.5 || 2.2 
 Egypt || El Morgan || 29.4 || 1.7 
 Egypt || Rhas Gharib || 24.3 || 3.3 
 Egypt || Gulf of Suez Mix || 31.9 || 1.5 
 Egypt || Geysum || 19.5 || NA 
 Egypt || East Gharib (J-1) || 37.9 || NA 
 Egypt || Mango-1 || 35.1 || NA 
 Egypt || Rhas Budran || 25 || NA 
 Egypt || Zeit Bay || 34.1 || 0.1 
 Egypt || East Zeit Mix || 39 || 0.87 
 Equatorial Guinea || Zafiro || 30.3 || NA 
 Equatorial Guinea || Alba Condensate || 55 || NA 
 Equatorial Guinea || Ceiba || 30.1 || 0.42 
 Gabon || Gamba || 31.8 || 0.1 
 Gabon || Mandji || 30.5 || 1.1 
 Gabon || Lucina Marine || 39.5 || 0.1 
 Gabon || Oguendjo || 35 || NA 
 Gabon || Rabi-Kouanga || 34 || 0.6 
 Gabon || T’Catamba || 44.3 || 0.21 
 Gabon || Rabi || 33.4 || 0.06 
 Gabon || Rabi Blend || 34 || NA 
 Gabon || Rabi Light || 37.7 || 0.15 
 Gabon || Etame Marin || 36 || NA 
 Gabon || Olende || 17.6 || 1.54 
 Gabon || Gabonian Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Georgia || Georgian Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Ghana || Bonsu || 32 || 0.1 
 Ghana || Salt Pond || 37.4 || 0.1 
 Guatemala || Coban || 27.7 || NA 
 Guatemala || Rubelsanto || 27 || NA 
 India || Bombay High || 39.4 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Minas (Sumatron Light) || 34.5 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Ardjuna || 35.2 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Attaka || 42.3 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Suri || 18.4 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Sanga Sanga || 25.7 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Sepinggan || 37.9 || 0.9 
 Indonesia || Walio || 34.1 || 0.7 
 Indonesia || Arimbi || 31.8 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Poleng || 43.2 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Handil || 32.8 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Jatibarang || 29 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Cinta || 33.4 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Bekapai || 40 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Katapa || 52 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Salawati || 38 || 0.5 
 Indonesia || Duri (Sumatran Heavy) || 21.1 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Sembakung || 37.5 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Badak || 41.3 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Arun Condensate || 54.5 || NA 
 Indonesia || Udang || 38 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Klamono || 18.7 || 1 
 Indonesia || Bunya || 31.7 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Pamusian || 18.1 || 0.2 
 Indonesia || Kerindigan || 21.6 || 0.3 
 Indonesia || Melahin || 24.7 || 0.3 
 Indonesia || Bunyu || 31.7 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Camar || 36.3 || NA 
 Indonesia || Cinta Heavy || 27 || NA 
 Indonesia || Lalang || 40.4 || NA 
 Indonesia || Kakap || 46.6 || NA 
 Indonesia || Sisi-1 || 40 || NA 
 Indonesia || Giti-1 || 33.6 || NA 
 Indonesia || Ayu-1 || 34.3 || NA 
 Indonesia || Bima || 22.5 || NA 
 Indonesia || Padang Isle || 34.7 || NA 
 Indonesia || Intan || 32.8 || NA 
 Indonesia || Sepinggan - Yakin Mixed || 31.7 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Widuri || 32 || 0.1 
 Indonesia || Belida || 45.9 || 0 
 Indonesia || Senipah || 51.9 || 0.03 
 Iran || Iranian Light || 33.8 || 1.4 
 Iran || Iranian Heavy || 31 || 1.7 
 Iran || Soroosh (Cyrus) || 18.1 || 3.3 
 Iran || Dorrood (Darius) || 33.6 || 2.4 
 Iran || Rostam || 35.9 || 1.55 
 Iran || Salmon (Sassan) || 33.9 || 1.9 
 Iran || Foroozan (Fereidoon) || 31.3 || 2.5 
 Iran || Aboozar (Ardeshir) || 26.9 || 2.5 
 Iran || Sirri || 30.9 || 2.3 
 Iran || Bahrgansar/Nowruz (SIRIP Blend) || 27.1 || 2.5 
 Iran || Bahr/Nowruz || 25.0 || 2.5 
 Iran || Iranian Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Iraq || Basrah Light (Pers. Gulf) || 33.7 || 2 
 Iraq || Kirkuk (Pers. Gulf) || 35.1 || 1.9 
 Iraq || Mishrif (Pers. Gulf) || 28 || NA 
 Iraq || Bai Hasson (Pers. Gulf) || 34.1 || 2.4 
 Iraq || Basrah Medium (Pers. Gulf) || 31.1 || 2.6 
 Iraq || Basrah Heavy (Pers. Gulf) || 24.7 || 3.5 
 Iraq || Kirkuk Blend (Pers. Gulf) || 35.1 || 2 
 Iraq || N. Rumalia (Pers. Gulf) || 34.3 || 2 
 Iraq || Ras el Behar || 33 || NA 
 Iraq || Basrah Light (Red Sea) || 33.7 || 2 
 Iraq || Kirkuk (Red Sea) || 36.1 || 1.9 
 Iraq || Mishrif (Red Sea) || 28 || NA 
 Iraq || Bai Hasson (Red Sea) || 34.1 || 2.4 
 Iraq || Basrah Medium (Red Sea) || 31.1 || 2.6 
 Iraq || Basrah Heavy (Red Sea) || 24.7 || 3.5 
 Iraq || Kirkuk Blend (Red Sea) || 34 || 1.9 
 Iraq || N. Rumalia (Red Sea) || 34.3 || 2 
 Iraq || Ratawi || 23.5 || 4.1 
 Iraq || Basrah Light (Turkey) || 33.7 || 2 
 Iraq || Kirkuk (Turkey) || 36.1 || 1.9 
 Iraq || Mishrif (Turkey) || 28 || NA 
 Iraq || Bai Hasson (Turkey) || 34.1 || 2.4 
 Iraq || Basrah Medium (Turkey) || 31.1 || 2.6 
 Iraq || Basrah Heavy (Turkey) || 24.7 || 3.5 
 Iraq || Kirkuk Blend (Turkey) || 34 || 1.9 
 Iraq || N. Rumalia (Turkey) || 34.3 || 2 
 Iraq || FAO Blend || 27.7 || 3.6 
 Kazakhstan || Kumkol || 42.5 || 0.07 
 Kazakhstan || CPC Blend || 44.2 NA || 0.54 
 Kuwait || Mina al Ahmadi (Kuwait Export) || 31.4 || 2.5 
 Kuwait || Magwa (Lower Jurassic) || 38 || NA 
 Kuwait || Burgan (Wafra) || 23.3 || 3.4 
 Libya || Bu Attifel || 43.6 || 0 
 Libya || Amna (high pour) || 36.1 || 0.2 
 Libya || Brega || 40.4 || 0.2 
 Libya || Sirtica || 43.3 || 0.43 
 Libya || Zueitina || 41.3 || 0.3 
 Libya || Bunker Hunt || 37.6 || 0.2 
 Libya || El Hofra || 42.3 || 0.3 
 Libya || Dahra || 41 || 0.4 
 Libya || Sarir || 38.3 || 0.2 
 Libya || Zueitina Condensate || 65 || 0.1 
 Libya || El Sharara || 42.1 || 0.07 
 Malaysia || Miri Light || 36.3 || 0.1 
 Malaysia || Tembungo || 37.5 || NA 
 Malaysia || Labuan Blend || 33.2 || 0.1 
 Malaysia || Tapis || 44.3 || 0.1 
 Malaysia || Tembungo || 37.4 || 0 
 Malaysia || Bintulu || 26.5 || 0.1 
 Malaysia || Bekok || 49 || NA 
 Malaysia || Pulai || 42.6 || NA 
 Malaysia || Dulang || 39 || 0.037 
 Mauritania || Chinguetti || 28.2 || 0.51 
 Mexico || Isthmus || 32.8 || 1.5 
 Mexico || Maya || 22 || 3.3 
 Mexico || Olmeca || 39 || NA 
 Mexico || Altamira || 16 || NA 
 Mexico || Topped Isthmus || 26.1 || 1.72 
 Netherlands || Alba || 19.59 || NA 
 Neutral Zone || Eocene (Wafra) || 18.6 || 4.6 
 Neutral Zone || Hout || 32.8 || 1.9 
 Neutral Zone || Khafji || 28.5 || 2.9 
 Neutral Zone || Burgan (Wafra) || 23.3 || 3.4 
 Neutral Zone || Ratawi || 23.5 || 4.1 
 Neutral Zone || Neutral Zone Mix || 23.1 || NA 
 Neutral Zone || Khafji Blend || 23.4 || 3.8 
 Nigeria || Forcados Blend || 29.7 || 0.3 
 Nigeria || Escravos || 36.2 || 0.1 
 Nigeria || Brass River || 40.9 || 0.1 
 Nigeria || Qua Iboe || 35.8 || 0.1 
 Nigeria || Bonny Medium || 25.2 || 0.2 
 Nigeria || Pennington || 36.6 || 0.1 
 Nigeria || Bomu || 33 || 0.2 
 Nigeria || Bonny Light || 36.7 || 0.1 
 Nigeria || Brass Blend || 40.9 || 0.1 
 Nigeria || Gilli Gilli || 47.3 || NA 
 Nigeria || Adanga || 35.1 || NA 
 Nigeria || Iyak-3 || 36 || NA 
 Nigeria || Antan || 35.2 || NA 
 Nigeria || OSO || 47 || 0.06 
 Nigeria || Ukpokiti || 42.3 || 0.01 
 Nigeria || Yoho || 39.6 || NA 
 Nigeria || Okwori || 36.9 || NA 
 Nigeria || Bonga || 28.1 || NA 
 Nigeria || ERHA || 31.7 || 0.21 
 Nigeria || Amenam Blend || 39 || 0.09 
 Nigeria || Akpo || 45.17 || 0.06 
 Nigeria || EA || 38 || NA 
 Nigeria || Agbami || 47.2 || 0.044 
 Norway || Ekofisk || 43.4 || 0.2 
 Norway || Tor || 42 || 0.1 
 Norway || Statfjord || 38.4 || 0.3 
 Norway || Heidrun || 29 || NA 
 Norway || Norwegian Forties || 37.1 || NA 
 Norway || Gullfaks || 28.6 || 0.4 
 Norway || Oseberg || 32.5 || 0.2 
 Norway || Norne || 33.1 || 0.19 
 Norway || Troll || 28.3 || 0.31 
 Norway || Draugen || 39.6 || NA 
 Norway || Sleipner Condensate || 62 || 0.02 
 Oman || Oman Export || 36.3 || 0.8 
 Papua New Guinea || Kutubu || 44 || 0.04 
 Peru || Loreto || 34 || 0.3 
 Peru || Talara || 32.7 || 0.1 
 Peru || High Cold Test || 37.5 || NA 
 Peru || Bayovar || 22.6 || NA 
 Peru || Low Cold Test || 34.3 || NA 
 Peru || Carmen Central-5 || 20.7 || NA 
 Peru || Shiviyacu-23 || 20.8 || NA 
 Peru || Mayna || 25.7 || NA 
 Philippines || Nido || 26.5 || NA 
 Philippines || Philippines Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Qatar || Dukhan || 41.7 || 1.3 
 Qatar || Qatar Marine || 35.3 || 1.6 
 Qatar || Qatar Land || 41.4 || NA 
 Ras Al Khaimah || Rak Condensate || 54.1 || NA 
 Ras Al Khaimah || Ras Al Khaimah Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Russia || Urals || 31 || 2 
 Russia || Russian Export Blend || 32.5 || 1.4 
 Russia || M100 || 17.6 || 2.02 
 Russia || M100 Heavy || 16.67 || 2.09 
 Russia || Siberian Light || 37.8 || 0.4 
 Russia || E4 (Gravenshon) || 19.84 || 1.95 
 Russia || E4 Heavy || 18 || 2.35 
 Russia || Purovsky Condensate || 64.1 || 0.01 
 Russia || Sokol || 39.7 || 0.18 
 Saudi Arabia || Light (Pers. Gulf) || 33.4 || 1.8 
 Saudi Arabia || Heavy (Pers. Gulf) (Safaniya) || 27.9 || 2.8 
 Saudi Arabia || Medium (Pers. Gulf) (Khursaniyah) || 30.8 || 2.4 
 Saudi Arabia || Extra Light (Pers. Gulf) (Berri) || 37.8 || 1.1 
 Saudi Arabia || Light (Yanbu) || 33.4 || 1.2 
 Saudi Arabia || Heavy (Yanbu) || 27.9 || 2.8 
 Saudi Arabia || Medium (Yanbu) || 30.8 || 2.4 
 Saudi Arabia || Berri (Yanbu) || 37.8 || 1.1 
 Saudi Arabia || Medium (Zuluf/Marjan) || 31.1 || 2.5 
 Sharjah || Mubarek. Sharjah || 37 || 0.6 
 Sharjah || Sharjah Condensate || 49.7 || 0.1 
 Singapore || Rantau || 50.5 || 0.1 
 Spain || Amposta Marina North || 37 || NA 
 Spain || Casablanca || 34 || NA 
 Spain || El Dorado || 26.6 || NA 
 Syria || Syrian Straight || 15 || NA 
 Syria || Thayyem || 35 || NA 
 Syria || Omar Blend || 38 || NA 
 Syria || Omar || 36.5 || 0.1 
 Syria || Syrian Light || 36 || 0.6 
 Syria || Souedie || 24.9 || 3.8 
 Thailand || Erawan Condensate || 54.1 || NA 
 Thailand || Sirikit || 41 || NA 
 Thailand || Nang Nuan || 30 || NA 
 Thailand || Bualuang || 27 || NA 
 Thailand || Benchamas || 42.4 || 0.12 
 Trinidad and Tobago || Galeota Mix || 32.8 || 0.3 
 Trinidad and Tobago || Trintopec || 24.8 || NA 
 Trinidad and Tobago || Land/Trinmar || 23.4 || 1.2 
 Trinidad and Tobago || Calypso Miscellaneous || 30.84 || 0.59 
 Tunisia || Zarzaitine || 41.9 || 0.1 
 Tunisia || Ashtart || 29 || 1 
 Tunisia || El Borma || 43.3 || 0.1 
 Tunisia || Ezzaouia-2 || 41.5 || NA 
 Turkey || Turkish Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Ukraine || Ukraine Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 United Kingdom || Auk || 37.2 || 0.5 
 United Kingdom || Beatrice || 38.7 || 0.05 
 United Kingdom || Brae || 33.6 || 0.7 
 United Kingdom || Buchan || 33.7 || 0.8 
 United Kingdom || Claymore || 30.5 || 1.6 
 United Kingdom || S.V. (Brent) || 36.7 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Tartan || 41.7 || 0.6 
 United Kingdom || Tern || 35 || 0.7 
 United Kingdom || Magnus || 39.3 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Dunlin || 34.9 || 0.4 
 United Kingdom || Fulmar || 40 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Hutton || 30.5 || 0.7 
 United Kingdom || N.W. Hutton || 36.2 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Maureen || 35.5 || 0.6 
 United Kingdom || Murchison || 38.8 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Ninian Blend || 35.6 || 0.4 
 United Kingdom || Montrose || 40.1 || 0.2 
 United Kingdom || Beryl || 36.5 || 0.4 
 United Kingdom || Piper || 35.6 || 0.9 
 United Kingdom || Forties || 36.6 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Brent Blend || 38 || 0.4 
 United Kingdom || Flotta || 35.7 || 1.1 
 United Kingdom || Thistle || 37 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || S.V. (Ninian) || 38 || 0.3 
 United Kingdom || Argyle || 38.6 || 0.2 
 United Kingdom || Heather || 33.8 || 0.7 
 United Kingdom || South Birch || 38.6 || NA 
 United Kingdom || Wytch Farm || 41.5 || NA 
 United Kingdom || Cormorant. North || 34.9 || 0.7 
 United Kingdom || Cormorant. South (Cormorant “A”) || 35.7 || 0.6 
 United Kingdom || Alba || 19.2 || NA 
 United Kingdom || Foinhaven || 26.3 || 0.38 
 United Kingdom || Schiehallion || 25.8 || NA 
 United Kingdom || Captain || 19.1 || 0.7 
 United Kingdom || Harding || 20.7 || 0.59 
 US Alaska || ANS || NA || NA 
 US Colorado || Niobrara || NA || NA 
 US New Mexico || Four Corners || NA || NA 
 US North Dakota || Bakken || NA || NA 
 US North Dakota || North Dakota Sweet || NA || NA 
 US Texas || WTI || NA || NA 
 US Texas || Eagle Ford || NA || NA 
 US Utah || Covenant || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Beta || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Carpinteria || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Dos Cuadras || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Hondo || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Hueneme || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Pescado || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Point Arguello || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Point Pedernales || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Sacate || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Santa Clara || NA || NA 
 US Federal OCS || Sockeye || NA || NA 
 Uzbekistan || Uzbekistan Miscellaneous || NA || NA 
 Venezuela || Jobo (Monagas) || 12.6 || 2 
 Venezuela || Lama Lamar || 36.7 || 1 
 Venezuela || Mariago || 27 || 1.5 
 Venezuela || Ruiz || 32.4 || 1.3 
 Venezuela || Tucipido || 36 || 0.3 
 Venezuela || Venez Lot 17 || 36.3 || 0.9 
 Venezuela || Mara 16/18 || 16.5 || 3.5 
 Venezuela || Tia Juana Light || 32.1 || 1.1 
 Venezuela || Tia Juana Med 26 || 24.8 || 1.6 
 Venezuela || Officina || 35.1 || 0.7 
 Venezuela || Bachaquero || 16.8 || 2.4 
 Venezuela || Cento Lago || 36.9 || 1.1 
 Venezuela || Lagunillas || 17.8 || 2.2 
 Venezuela || La Rosa Medium || 25.3 || 1.7 
 Venezuela || San Joaquin || 42 || 0.2 
 Venezuela || Lagotreco || 29.5 || 1.3 
 Venezuela || Lagocinco || 36 || 1.1 
 Venezuela || Boscan || 10.1 || 5.5 
 Venezuela || Leona || 24.1 || 1.5 
 Venezuela || Barinas || 26.2 || 1.8 
 Venezuela || Sylvestre || 28.4 || 1 
 Venezuela || Mesa || 29.2 || 1.2 
 Venezuela || Ceuta || 31.8 || 1.2 
 Venezuela || Lago Medio || 31.5 || 1.2 
 Venezuela || Tigre || 24.5 || NA 
 Venezuela || Anaco Wax || 41.5 || 0.2 
 Venezuela || Santa Rosa || 49 || 0.1 
 Venezuela || Bombai || 19.6 || 1.6 
 Venezuela || Aguasay || 41.1 || 0.3 
 Venezuela || Anaco || 43.4 || 0.1 
 Venezuela || BCF-Bach/Lag17 || 16.8 || 2.4 
 Venezuela || BCF-Bach/Lag21 || 20.4 || 2.1 
 Venezuela || BCF-21.9 || 21.9 || NA 
 Venezuela || BCF-24 || 23.5 || 1.9 
 Venezuela || BCF-31 || 31 || 1.2 
 Venezuela || BCF Blend || 34 || 1 
 Venezuela || Bolival Coast || 23.5 || 1.8 
 Venezuela || Ceuta/Bach 18 || 18.5 || 2.3 
 Venezuela || Corridor Block || 26.9 || 1.6 
 Venezuela || Cretaceous || 42 || 0.4 
 Venezuela || Guanipa || 30 || 0.7 
 Venezuela || Lago Mix Med. || 23.4 || 1.9 
 Venezuela || Larosa/Lagun || 23.8 || 1.8 
 Venezuela || Menemoto || 19.3 || 2.2 
 Venezuela || Cabimas || 20.8 || 1.8 
 Venezuela || BCF-23 || 23 || 1.9 
 Venezuela || Oficina/Mesa || 32.2 || 0.9 
 Venezuela || Pilon || 13.8 || 2 
 Venezuela || Recon (Venez) || 34 || NA 
 Venezuela || 102 Tj (25) || 25 || 1.6 
 Venezuela || Tjl Cretaceous || 39 || 0.6 
 Venezuela || Tia Juana Pesado (Heavy) || 12.1 || 2.7 
 Venezuela || Mesa-Recon || 28.4 || 1.3 
 Venezuela || Oritupano || 19 || 2 
 Venezuela || Hombre Pintado || 29.7 || 0.3 
 Venezuela || Merey || 17.4 || 2.2 
 Venezuela || Lago Light || 41.2 || 0.4 
 Venezuela || Laguna || 11.2 || 0.3 
 Venezuela || Bach/Cueta Mix || 24 || 1.2 
 Venezuela || Bachaquero 13 || 13 || 2.7 
 Venezuela || Ceuta – 28 || 28 || 1.6 
 Venezuela || Temblador || 23.1 || 0.8 
 Venezuela || Lagomar || 32 || 1.2 
 Venezuela || Taparito || 17 || NA 
 Venezuela || BCF-Heavy || 16.7 || NA 
 Venezuela || BCF-Medium || 22 || NA 
 Venezuela || Caripito Blend || 17.8 || NA 
 Venezuela || Laguna/Ceuta Mix || 18.1 || NA 
 Venezuela || Morichal || 10.6 || NA 
 Venezuela || Pedenales || 20.1 || NA 
 Venezuela || Quiriquire || 16.3 || NA 
 Venezuela || Tucupita || 17 || NA 
 Venezuela || Furrial-2 (E. Venezuela) || 27 || NA 
 Venezuela || Curazao Blend || 18 || NA 
 Venezuela || Santa Barbara || 36.5 || NA 
 Venezuela || Cerro Negro || 15 || NA 
 Venezuela || BCF22 || 21.1 || 2.11 
 Venezuela || Hamaca || 26 || 1.55 
 Venezuela || Zuata 10 || 15 || NA 
 Venezuela || Zuata 20 || 25 || NA 
 Venezuela || Zuata 30 || 35 || NA 
 Venezuela || Monogas || 15.9 || 3.3 
 Venezuela || Corocoro || 24 || NA 
 Venezuela || Petrozuata || 19.5 || 2.69 
 Venezuela || Morichal 16 || 16 || NA 
 Venezuela || Guafita || 28.6 || 0.73 
 Vietnam || Bach Ho (White Tiger) || 38.6 || 0 
 Vietnam || Dai Hung (Big Bear) || 36.9 || 0.1 
 Vietnam || Rang Dong || 37.7 || 0.5 
 Vietnam || Ruby || 35.6 || 0.08 
 Vietnam || Su Tu Den (Black Lion) || 36.8 || 0.05 
 Yemen || North Yemeni Blend || 40.5 || NA 
 Yemen || Alif || 40.4 || 0.1 
 Yemen || Maarib Lt. || 49 || 0.2 
 Yemen || Masila Blend || 30-31 || 0.6 
 Yemen || Shabwa Blend || 34.6 || 0.6 
 Any || Oil shale || NA || NA 
 Any || Shale oil || NA || NA 
 Any || Natural Gas: piped from source || NA || NA 
 Any || Natural Gas: from LNG || NA || NA 
 Any || Shale gas: piped from source || NA || NA 
 Any || Coal || NA || NA 
Annex II
Calculation
of the baseline greenhouse gas intensity of fossil fuels
Methodology
(a)              
The baseline greenhouse gas intensity is
calculated based on Union average fossil fuel consumption of petrol, diesel,
gasoil, LPG and CNG, where:
Baseline greenhouse gas intensity calculation
=     Where:
x
represents the different fuels and energy carriers falling within the scope of
the Directive and as defined in the table below
GHGix
is the unit greenhouse gas intensity of the annual supply sold on the market of
fuel x or energy carrier falling within the scope of this Directive expressed
in gCO2eq/MJ. The values for fossil fuels presented in Annex I Part
2 point (5) are used.
MJx
is the total energy supplied and converted from reported volumes of fuel x
expressed in Mega Joules.
(b)              
Consumption data
The
consumption data used for calculation of the value is as follows:
 Fuel || Energy Consumption (MJ) || Source 
 diesel || 7 894 969 x 106 || 2010 Member States reporting to UNFCCC   
 non-road gasoil || 240 763 x 106 
 petrol || 3 844 356 x 106 
 LPG || 217 563 x 106 
 CNG || 51 037 x 106 
Greenhouse
gas intensity
The
greenhouse gas intensity for 2010 shall be: 94.1 gCO2eq/MJ
Annex III
Member
State reporting to the Commission
1.           Member States report by 30
June each year the data listed in point 3. Data must be reported for all fuel
and energy placed on the market in the Member State. Where multiple biofuels
are blended with fossil fuels, the data for each biofuel must be provided.
2.           The
data listed in point 3 is reported separately for fuel or energy placed on the
market by suppliers within a Member State (including joint suppliers operating
in a single Member State) and supply placed on the markets of two or multiple
Member States by joint suppliers (inter-Member State joint suppliers).
Inter-Member State joint supplier data must be further disaggregated to the
level of the Member State of each joining supplier.
3.           For
each fuel, Member States report the following data to the Commission aggregated
according to point 2 and as defined in Annex I:
(a)              
Fuel or energy type;
(b)              
Volume or quantity of electric energy;
(c)              
Greenhouse gas intensity; 
(d)             
Upstream emission reductions;
(e)              
Origin;
(f)               
Place of purchase.
Annex IV
Template
for reporting information for consistency of the reported data
Fuel - Single Suppliers
Fuel - Joint Suppliers
Electricity
Origin – Single Suppliers8
Origin – Joint Suppliers8
Place of Purchase9
Total energy reported and
reduction achieved per Member State
Format Notes
Template for supplier reporting is identical to the
template for Member State reporting.
Shaded cells do not have to be filled in.
1.
Supplier identification is defined in Annex I Part 1 point 4(a);
2.
Quantity of fuel is defined in Annex I Part 1 point 4(c);
3.
API density is defined pursuant to testing method ASTM D287;
4.
Greenhouse gas intensity is defined in Annex I Part 1 point 4(e);
5.
Upstream emission reduction is defined in Annex I Part 1 point 4(d); reporting
specifications are defined in Annex I Part 2 point (1)
6.
Quantity of electricity is defined in Annex I Part 2 point (6);
7.
Fuel types and corresponding CN codes are defined in Annex I Part 1 point 4(b);
8.
Origin is defined in Annex I Part 2 point (2) and Annex I Part 2 point (4);
9.
Place of Purchase is defined in Annex I Part 2 point (3) and Annex I Part 2
point (4);
10.
Total volume may exceed the total volume of actual fuel and electric energy
consumed as this sum could include volumes from suppliers reporting jointly
with suppliers from other Member States.
[1]               Directive 2009/28/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the
use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing
Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (OJ L 140,
5.6.2009, p.16).
[2]               http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/about-jec/sites/about-jec/files/documents/report_2013/wtt_report_v4_july_2013_final.pdf
[3]               OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1.