Recommendation for a COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on the Czech Republic’s 2014 national reform programme and delivering a Council opinion on the Czech Republic’s 2014 convergence programme
Date: 2014-06-02
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Czechia, budget deficit, economic convergence, economic growth, economic recovery, economic reform, economic stabilisation, financial control, public debt, social situation, stability programme, structural adjustment













EUR-Lex - 52014DC0404 - EN











|



52014DC0404

Recommendation for a COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on the Czech Republic’s 2014 national reform programme and delivering a Council opinion on the Czech Republic’s 2014 convergence programme /* COM/2014/0404 final  - 2014/ () */









 
Recommendation for a
COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION
on the Czech Republic’s 2014 national
reform programme
and delivering a Council opinion on the Czech Republic’s 2014 convergence
programme
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Articles 121(2) and 148(4)
thereof,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No
1466/97 of 7 July 1997 on the strengthening of the surveillance of budgetary
positions and the surveillance and coordination of economic policies[1], and in particular
Article 9(2) thereof,
Having regard to the recommendation of the
European Commission[2],
Having regard to the resolutions of the
European Parliament[3],
Having regard to the conclusions of the
European Council,
Having regard to the opinion of the
Employment Committee,
Having regard to the opinion of the
Economic and Financial Committee,
Having regard to the opinion of the Social
Protection Committee,
Having regard to the opinion of the
Economic Policy Committee,
Whereas:
(1)                   
On 26 March 2010, the European Council agreed to
the Commission’s proposal to launch a new strategy for growth and jobs, Europe
2020, based on enhanced coordination of economic policies, which will focus on
the key areas where action is needed to boost Europe’s potential for
sustainable growth and competitiveness.
(2)                   
On 13 July 2010, the Council, on the basis of
the Commission's proposals, adopted a recommendation on the broad guidelines
for the economic policies of the Member States and the Union (2010 to 2014)
and, on 21 October 2010, adopted a decision on guidelines for the employment
policies of the Member States, which together form the ‘integrated guidelines’.
Member States were invited to take the integrated guidelines into account in
their national economic and employment policies.
(3)                   
On 29 June 2012, the Heads of State or
Government decided on a Compact for Growth and Jobs, providing a coherent
framework for action at national, EU and euro area levels using all possible
levers, instruments and policies. They decided on action to be taken at the
level of the Member States, in particular expressing full commitment to achieving
the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy and to implementing the
country-specific recommendations.
(4)                   
On 9 July 2013, the Council adopted a
recommendation on the Czech Republic’s 2013 national reform programme and
delivered its opinion on the Czech Republic’s updated convergence programme for
2012-2016.
(5)                   
On 13 November 2013, the Commission adopted the
Annual Growth Survey[4],
marking the start of the 2014 European Semester of economic policy
coordination. On the same day on the basis of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, the
Commission adopted the Alert Mechanism Report[5],
in which it did not identify the Czech Republic as one of the Member States for
which an in-depth review would be carried out.
(6)                   
On 20 December 2013, the European Council
endorsed the priorities for ensuring financial stability, fiscal consolidation
and action to foster growth. It underscored the need to pursue differentiated,
growth-friendly fiscal consolidation, to restore normal lending conditions to
the economy, to promote growth and competitiveness, to tackle unemployment and
the social consequences of the crisis, and to modernise public administration.
(7)                   
On 16 April 2014, the Czech Republic submitted
its 2014 national reform programme and on 28 April 2014 its 2014 convergence
programme. In order to take account of their interlinkages, the two programmes
have been assessed at the same time.
(8)                   
The objective of the budgetary strategy outlined
in the 2014 Convergence Programme is to keep the general government deficit
below the 3% of GDP Treaty reference value over the programme period. The
programme mentions the medium-term objective of -1% of GDP, which reflects the
requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact. While the budgetary strategy is
in line with the Stability and Growth Pact in2014, the required adjustment in
structural terms is not expected to be met in 2015 as the recalculated
structural balance is projected to deteriorate by 0.6 pp. In addition,
government expenditure is expected to grow at a pace not consistent with the
expenditure benchmark. The recalculated structural balance is foreseen to
deviate from the required adjustment path also in 2016 and 2017 with the recalculated
structural balance projected at -1.6% and -1.9% of GDP respectively. Overall, a
risk of deviation from the adjustment path towards the medium-term objective is
to be expected as of 2015. According to the programme, the debt ratio, which is
below the 60% of GDP reference value, is projected to fall temporarily by 1.1
pp to 45% of GDP in 2014 and to increase to 46% of GDP in 2015. The
macroeconomic scenario underpinning the budgetary projections in the programme
is plausible. The Czech economy is expected to grow by 1.7% in 2014 and 2% in
2015 according to the programme compared to 2% and 2.4% envisaged by the
Commission 2014 spring forecast. The main risks to the budgetary outlook stem
from high uncertainty about the future development of public investment and
from a potential one-off expenditure related to the planned lease contract for
fighter jets with an expected deficit-increasing impact of 0.5% of GDP in 2015.
According to the Commission forecast there is a risk of significant deviation
from the medium-term objective in 2015. The difference with the programme
scenario lies in different assumptions on policies and discretionary measures
in 2015. Based on its assessment of the programme and the Commission forecast,
pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, the Council is of the opinion
that the deficit has been sustainably brought below 3% of GDP in 2013, in line
with the Council recommendation, and that while the medium-term objective is
expected to be reached in 2014, there is a risk of significant deviation from
it as of 2015.
(9)                   
The Czech Republic has emerged from a two-year
long recession and is now faced with the challenge of achieving sustained
high-growth, in a context of rapid population ageing. Public investment has
been on a steep declining path in recent years and investment in infrastructure
has particularly suffered. The growth model of the Czech economy before the
crisis relied on large inflows of foreign capital and a strong export
orientation. As room for catching-up based on the accumulation of production
factors (including foreign capital) appears limited, redirecting the economy
towards domestic drivers of growth would open up new avenues to productivity
gains. Essential elements of this process include supporting education, training
and innovation and strengthening institutions. 
(10)               
The government has recently approved the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance, although its ratification by Parliament is still pending. Work on a comprehensive reform of the fiscal
framework began in 2011 but its adoption and implementation is still uncertain.
The adoption of the relevant legislation ensuring compliance with Council
Directive 2011/85/EU on budgetary frameworks has also been delayed.. 
(11)               
In the field of taxation, the key challenges for
the Czech Republic are to make revenue collection more efficient and achieve a
more growth-friendly tax structure. The Czech Republic took some
measures to improve tax compliance, in particular in the area of indirect
taxation, but the overall cost of compliance is still too high. In this
context, the tax bases (income taxes, health and security contributions) have
not yet been harmonised and the establishment of a single
collection point foreseen in 2015 was cancelled. The Czech government however
announced its intention to address the issue of the harmonisation of the tax
bases. The 2013 recommendations regarding the taxation structure have not been
followed up. Labour taxation remains high, especially for low-income earners,
including part-time workers, notably due to the elevated social security
contributions. Some potential exists for a shift away from labour taxation to
other areas, such as environmental and recurrent housing taxes, which are both
relatively low. Significant discrepancies remain in the
tax and social contributions treatment of employees and the self-employed,
which lead to the narrowing of the tax base and create incentives for bogus
self-employment with unfair consequences for those employed under a regular
employment contract.
(12)               
The Czech Republic faces medium sustainability
risks in the long term largely due to projected increases in pensions and
healthcare expenditure. According to the current legislation, the statutory
retirement age is planned to increase over the long-run but too slowly in the
medium term. The government plans to introduce a revision mechanism aligning
the retirement age to changes in life expectancy but this is only a partial
response to the sustainability gap challenge. Furthermore, the temporarily lower
indexation of pensions will be terminated in 2015, a year earlier than planned,
and the standard pension indexation mechanism (prices plus a third of the rise
in real wages) has not been reviewed. Limited progress has been made in
promoting the employability of older workers. No progress has been made in
improving the cost-effectiveness of public spending on healthcare. The in-patient
sector shows excess capacity pointing to room for possible improvements in
cost-effectiveness and governance.
(13)               
Some initial steps have been made to improve the
capacity and quality of the public employment service. These go in the right
direction but their impact needs to be evaluated. Active labour market policies
remain underfunded and do not effectively target women with young children, young
people and older workers. Despite the relatively high overall employment rate,
these groups remain under-represented in the labour market.  A limited access
to affordable childcare facilities and services and a comparatively low take-up
of part-time work hampers women's participation in the labour market. The
gender pay gap in 2012 was still one of the largest in
the EU.
(14)               
The quality and labour market relevance of the
Czech education system are a cause for concern. Some measures were taken to
improve the evaluation framework in the compulsory education, but the follow up
with schools and pupils with weaker outcomes remains a challenge. The
attractiveness of the teaching professions is also an issue, which the
government intends to address. The low participation of Roma children in
mainstream inclusive early childhood education and in primary education remains
a challenge for their integration. The higher education reform has been delayed
and no progress has been made on enhancing accreditation and funding in higher
education. Only minor changes were introduced as regards the funding of
research institutions. It remains crucial to create the right incentives for
public researchers to strive for excellence, address societal challenges, and
cooperate with the business sector. 
(15)               
The process of
de-regulating the high number of regulated professions has started, but at a
slow pace not producing rapid benefits from increased competition
in the service sector. The Czech Republic has taken
some initial measures to increase energy efficiency, especially through public
funding incentives in support of the buildings sector. The potential for energy
savings remains substantial and more ambitious measures would also contribute
to reducing energy dependency.
(16)               
The quality and efficiency of public
administration continue to represent a challenge with negative economic
repercussions. The long-awaited Civil Service Act has not been adopted yet; its
adoption is a key priority for the government. Progress in the fight against
corruption has been limited; major pieces of legislation from the 2013-14
anti-corruption strategy have not been adopted. A clear longer-term vision on
how to address in a durable way this issue of great importance for economic and
societal development has not yet been formulated. The implementation of public
tenders at local and regional level is marked by unnecessary delays. The new
public procurement rules step backward by removing some of the transparency
safeguards. Limited progress has been made on improving the implementation of
EU funds. Further effort is needed as shown by the high error rates reported by
the audit authority for several programmes at the end of 2013. 
(17)               
In the context of the European Semester, the
Commission has carried out a comprehensive analysis of the Czech Republic’s
economic policy. It has assessed the convergence programme and the national
reform programme. It has taken into account not only their relevance for
sustainable fiscal and socio-economic policy in the Czech Republic but also
their compliance with EU rules and guidance, given the need to reinforce the
overall economic governance of the European Union by providing EU-level input
into future national decisions. Its recommendations under the
European Semester are reflected in recommendations (1) to (7) below.
(18)               
In the light of this assessment, the Council has
examined the Czech Republic’s convergence programme, and its opinion[6] is reflected in
particular in recommendation (1) below.
HEREBY RECOMMENDS that the Czech Republic
take action within the period 2014-2015 to:
1.                      
Following the correction of the excessive
deficit, preserve a sound fiscal position in 2014. Significantly strengthen the
budgetary strategy in 2015 to ensure that the medium-term objective is achieved
and remain at the medium-term objective thereafter. Prioritise growth-enhancing
expenditure to support the recovery and improve growth prospects. Adopt and
implement measures to strengthen the fiscal framework, and in particular
establish an independent fiscal institution to monitor fiscal policies,
introduce fiscal rules for local and regional governments and improve
co-ordination between all layers of government.
2.                      
Improve tax compliance with particular focus on
VAT and reduce the costs of collecting and paying taxes by simplifying the tax
system and harmonising the tax bases for personal income tax and social and
health contributions. Reduce the high level of taxation on labour, particularly
for low-income earners. Shift taxation to areas less detrimental to growth,
such as recurrent taxes on housing and environmental taxes. Further reduce
discrepancies in the tax treatment of employees and the self-employed.
3.                      
Ensure the long-term sustainability of the
public pension scheme, in particular by accelerating the increase of the
statutory retirement age and by linking it more clearly to changes in life
expectancy. Promote the employability of older workers and review the pension indexation
mechanism. Take measures to improve significantly the cost-effectiveness and governance
of the healthcare sector, in particular for hospital care.
4.                      
Strengthen the efficiency
and effectiveness of the public employment service, in particular by setting up a performance measurement system. Reach out to
non-registered youth and provide individualised services. Increase considerably the availability of affordable and
quality childcare facilities and services, with a focus on children up to three
years old. 
5.                      
Ensure that the accreditation, governance and
financing of higher education contribute to improving its quality and labour
market relevance. Accelerate the development and introduction of a new
methodology for evaluating research and allocating funding in view of
increasing the share of performance-based funding of research institutions. In
compulsory education, make the teaching profession more attractive, implement a
comprehensive evaluation framework and support schools and pupils with poor
outcomes. Increase the inclusiveness of education, notably by promoting the
participation of socially disadvantaged and Roma children in particular in
early childhood education.
6.                      
Accelerate the reform of regulated professions,
focusing on the removal of unjustified and disproportionate requirements. Step
up the efforts to improve energy efficiency in the economy. 
7.                      
In 2014 adopt and implement a Civil Service Act
that will ensure a stable, efficient and professional state administration
service. Speed up and substantially reinforce the fight against corruption by
implementing the remaining legislative measures provided for in the anti-corruption
strategy for 2013-2014 and by developing plans for the next period. Further
improve the management of EU funds by simplifying implementing structures,
improving capacity and tackling conflicts of interest. Increase
transparency of public procurement and improve the implementation of public
tenders by providing appropriate guidance and supervision.
Done at Brussels,
                                                                       For
the Council
                                                                       The
President
[1]               OJ L 209, 2.8.1997, p. 1.
[2]               COM(2014) 404 final.
[3]               P7_TA(2014)0128 and
P7_TA(2014)0129.
[4]               COM(2013) 800 final.
[5]               COM(2013) 790 final.
[6]               Under Article 9(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No
1466/97.