DG Trade statistical pocket guide. May 2014.
Date: 2014-05-15
Institutions: Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security
Subjects: foreign trade, international trade, trade policy, trade statistics

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DG Trade
Statistical

Pocket Guide
May 2014

Trade

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DG Trade

Statistical

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

DG Trade
Chief Economist and Trade Analysis 
Statistics Sector

E-mail: trade-statistics@ec.europa.eu

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

DG Trade
Statistical

Pocket Guide
May 2014

2014 

Directorate‑General Trade

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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014

ISBN 978‑92‑79‑35994‑1 
ISSN 1977‑7949 
doi:10.2781/71195

© European Union, 2014

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

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Introduction

This Trade Statistical Pocket Guide contains selected tables and graphs 
that outline the current state of and recent developments in the European 
Union’s (EU’s) foreign trade, i.e. its trade with the rest of the world. It 
has been compiled for the benefit of the Directorate‑General for Trade’s 
(DG Trade’s) policymakers.

Statistics on trade in goods, trade in services and foreign direct 
investment are key elements in any description of the trade performance 
of the EU with the rest of the world. These have been published by the 
statistical office of the EU (Eurostat) and by international organisations 
such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the 
United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The 
most recently available statistics have been included, but databases 
are updated daily and small discrepancies are inevitable. The statistics 
are presented in the form of tables and graphs, broken down by the 
main trading partners, product category and year. Additional supporting 
statistics such as gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rates and 
trade by Member State have also been added.

Further information about this booklet, its contents and the methodology 
used can be obtained from DG Trade’s statistics desk (trade‑statistics@
ec.europa.eu).

Brussels, May 2014

3

 
Table of Contents

Glossary  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �  7

SECTION 1 
WORLD TRADE  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �  13
Global exports of goods (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

Global imports of goods (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

Global exports of commercial services (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18

Global imports of commercial services (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20

Trade in goods and commercial services (% of GDP)   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22

Trade in goods and commercial services in selected countries (% of GDP)   . . . . . . .  23

Share in world trade in goods and commercial services (%)   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24

Share in world trade in goods and commercial services in selected countries (%) . .  25

Current account balance (% of GDP)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26

SECTION 2 
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) � � � � � � � � � � � � � �  29
FDI inflows (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30

FDI outflows (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32

FDI inward stocks (billion EUR)   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34

FDI outward stocks (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36

SECTION 3 
EU TRADE  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �  39
EU‑28 merchandise trade with extra‑EU‑28 by sector (billion EUR, %)  . . . . . . . . . . .  40

EU‑28 merchandise exports to extra‑EU‑28 by sector, 2013 shares (%)  . . . . . . . . .  42

EU‑28 merchandise imports from extra‑EU‑28 by sector, 2013 shares (%)   . . . . . .  43

EU‑28 merchandise exports to extra‑EU‑28 by sector (billion EUR)   . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44

EU‑28 merchandise imports from extra‑EU‑28 by sector (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . .  46

EU‑28 merchandise trade with extra‑EU‑28, moving sums (billion EUR, %)  . . . . . . .  48

EU‑28 merchandise trade with extra‑EU‑28, year‑on‑year growth 
and moving sums (%, billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49

EU‑28 trade of commercial services with extra‑EU‑28 by type (billion EUR,%)  . . . .  50

EU‑28 exports of commercial services to extra‑EU‑28 by type, 2012 shares (%)  . .  52

EU‑28 imports of commercial services 
from extra‑EU‑28 by type, 2012 shares (%)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  53

EU‑28 exports of commercial services to extra‑EU‑28 by type (billion EUR)  . . . . . .  54

EU‑28 imports of commercial services from extra‑EU‑28 by type (billion EUR)  . . . .  55

EU‑28 trade balance in goods by partner (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56

4 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY

5

EU‑28 trade balance in goods with selected countries (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57

EU‑28 trade balance in commercial services by partner (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . .  58

EU‑28 trade balance in commercial services 
with selected countries (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59

EU‑28 trade balance in goods and commercial services 
by partner (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60

EU‑28 trade balance in goods and commercial services 
with selected countries (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61

EU‑28 goods’ export/import ratio by partner (imports = 100)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  62

EU‑28 commercial services’ export/import ratio by partner (imports = 100)  . . . . . .  63

EU‑28 goods and commercial services’ export/import ratio 
by partner (imports = 100)   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  64

EU‑28 merchandise trade with FTAs  
partners (billion EUR, %)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  66

EU‑28 merchandise trade by statistical regime, 
selected partners, 2013 (billion EUR, %)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68

EU‑28 trade in goods and commercial services 
by leading trade partners, 2013/12 (billion EUR, %)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  70

SECTION 4 
TRADE BY MEMBER STATE  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �  73
EU‑28 exports of goods to extra‑EU‑28 by Member State (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . .  74

EU‑28 imports of goods from extra‑EU‑28 by Member State (billion EUR)   . . . . . . .  75

EU‑28 exports of commercial services to  extra‑EU‑28 
by Member State (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76

EU‑28 imports of commercial services from extra‑EU‑28 
by Member State (billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  77

Intra‑EU merchandise trade by Member State, 2013 (%)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  78

SECTION 5 
SUPPORTING STATISTICS  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �  81
Bound and applied import duties — simple averages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  82

GDP (current price, billion EUR)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84

Share in world GDP (PPP, %)   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86

Share in world GDP of selected countries (PPP, %)   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  87

GDP per capita (PPP)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  88

Euro exchange rates with main national currencies  
(units of national currency per euro)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90

Euro exchange rates with selected national currencies 
(units of national currency per euro — 2003 = 100)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  91

5

6 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY

Glossary

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (BOP)

The BoP is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, 
over a given period of time, all the transactions of an economy with 
the rest of the world. The BoP records all economic transactions 
undertaken between residents and non‑residents of a country during 
a given period.

The BoP is broken down into three broad sub‑balances.

■  Current account

This shows the flow of goods, services, income and current transfers 
between resident and non‑resident units.

■  Capital account

This covers all transactions involving:

(a)  the receipt or payment of capital transfers (debt forgiveness, 
migrant’s  transfers,  transfers  of  ownership  of  fixed  assets, 
transfers  linked  to,  or  conditional  on,  the  acquisition  or 
disposal of fixed assets, etc.);

(b)  the  acquisition/disposal  of  non‑produced,  non‑financial 
assets, which includes transactions associated with tangible 
assets  (e.g.  land  and  subsoil  assets)  and  transactions 
associated  with  intangible  assets  (e.g.  patents,  copyrights, 
trademarks, franchises, etc.).

■  Financial account

This covers all transactions associated with changes of ownership 
in the foreign financial assets and liabilities of an economy.

7

COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Services is one of the categories of the current account. The main 
breakdown of services includes three categories: transportation, travel 
and other services.

Commercial services include all services with the exclusion of 
government services, not included elsewhere (n�i�e.), covering 
government transactions (and those of international organisations).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)

FDI is the category of international investment made by an entity 
resident in one economy (direct investor) to acquire a lasting interest 
in an enterprise operating in another economy (direct investment 
enterprise). The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the direct investor 
acquires at least 10 % of the voting power of the direct investment 
enterprise.

Two main indicators are used:

(1)  FDI flows denote the new investment made during the period;

(2)  FDI stocks (or positions) denote the value of the investment 

at the end of the period.

For both of these, FDI statistics record separately:

(1)  the inward FDI (or FDI in the reporting economy), namely 
investment  by  foreigners  in  enterprises  resident  in  the 
reporting economy;

(2)  the  outward  FDI  (or  FDI  abroad),  namely  investment  by 

resident entities in affiliated enterprises abroad.

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)

As an aggregate measure of production, the GDP of a country is equal 
to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units 
engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on 
products not included in the value of their outputs).

8 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY

9

PURCHASING POWER PARITY (PPP)

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an indicator of price‑level differences 
across countries. It measures the number of units of country B’s 
currency that is needed in country B to purchase the same quantity of 
an individual good or service as one unit of country A’s currency will 
purchase in country A.

PPPs are therefore the rates of currency conversion that equalise the 
purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating the differences 
in price levels between countries.

TRADE IN GOODS: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

■  Harmonised system (HS)

The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System, more 
briefly known as the HS, is a multipurpose international product 
nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organisation (WCO).

The HS is organised into 21 sections and 96 chapters. It comprises 
around 5 000 commodity groups, each identified by a 6‑digit code.

■  Standard International Trade Classification (SITC)

The SITC is a product classification of the UN used for external 
trade statistics (export and import values and volumes of goods). 
It is designed to provide the commodity aggregates for purposes 
of economic analysis and to facilitate international comparisons 
of trade‑by‑commodity data. It is divided into 10 basic sections.

TRADE IN GOODS: STATISTICAL REGIME

Merchandise trade statistics included in this booklet are based on the 
general trade system (also known as ‘Statistical regime 4’ or ‘Total 
trade’). In this system, the recorded aggregates include all goods entering 
or leaving the economic territory of a country with the exception of 
simple transit trade. In particular, all goods received into customs 
warehouses are recorded as imports, regardless of whether they 
subsequently go into free circulation in the Member State of receipt. 
Similarly, outgoing goods from customs warehouses are included in 
the general trade aggregates, at the time they leave the Member State.

9

This general system is the result of three other regimes, presented below.

■  Normal trade

Goods are exported definitively, or imported and released into free 
circulation in the EU customs territory.

■  Trade under inward processing procedures

Goods are imported temporarily (with an exemption from duties, 
levies or other checks) so that they can be further processed 
(assembled or transformed), and then all the resulting processed 
products are exported outside the EU.

■  Trade under outward processing procedures

Intermediate goods are temporarily exported for further processing in 
a non‑EU country, and the processed products are re‑imported into the 
EU (with a full or partial exemption from customs duties and levies).

TRADE IN GOODS:  
INTRA‑EU AND EXTRA‑EU TRADE FLOWS

Outward flows from a Member State to a non‑member country (extra‑EU) 
are called ‘exports’; outward flows from one Member State to another 
(intra‑EU) are called ‘dispatches’. Inward flows into a Member State from 
a non‑member country are called ‘imports’. Inward flows into a Member 
State from another Member State are called ‘arrivals’.

For methodological reasons, international trade in goods statistics are 
accurate at EU level. At Member State level inaccuracies can arise 
because of the “Rotterdam effect”: a Member State receiving a good 
from a non‑EU country is not necessarily the Member State of final 
destination and a Member State sending a good to a non‑EU country 
is not necessarily the Member State of origin of the good.

IMPORT DUTIES

■  Bound import duties

These are the legally bound commitments on customs duty rates, 
which act as ceilings on the tariffs that member governments can 
set (WTO).

10 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY

11

■  Applied import duties

These are the rates that governments actually charge on imports, 
which can be lower than bound rates and have a direct impact on 
trade (WTO).

Whereas an applied duty cannot exceed a bound duty average, 
applied duties exceed in some cases average bound duties. 
This can occur if the averages are calculated over different tariff 
nomenclatures.

11

SECTION 1 
WORLD TRADE

Global exports of goods (billion EUR)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

6 214�1

7 144�7

7 551�0

8 247�6

6 786�6

8 971�1 10 337�8 11 480�6

World (*)

32.4

85.3

95.3

37.1

98.3

40.7

47.6

39.9

51.4

60.3

63.0

Argentina

103.1

127.3

110.6

160.4

194.2

199.8

Australia

109.8

117.2

134.6

109.7

152.3

183.9

188.8

289.7

309.2

307.0

310.4

226.6

292.3

324.8

354.0

612.5

771.7

890.5

972.7

861.5

1 190.1

1 363.8

1 594.6

80.1

69.9

97.0

82.5

109.6

132.5

118.2

170.7

217.6

229.0

86.1

94.9

85.8

119.2

144.2

146.7

Indonesia

478.2

515.1

521.2

531.3

416.3

580.7

591.4

621.6

172.2

199.1

198.3

198.0

164.7

225.0

251.1

288.6

196.0

241.8

258.6

320.6

217.5

302.2

375.0

411.9

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

145.3

168.3

170.3

213.1

137.9

189.4

262.0

302.3

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

41.5

46.3

50.9

54.9

44.2

61.0

70.4

67.9

South Africa

South Korea

228.6

259.2

271.1

286.9

260.6

351.8

398.9

426.4

South Korea

Turkey

59.1

68.1

78.3

89.8

73.2

85.9

96.9

118.7

Turkey

United States

724.3

817.1

837.8

875.3

757.1

964.4

1 063.4

1 203.1

United States

EU-28 (**)

1 049�5

1 152�4

1 234�3

1 309�1

1 094�0

1 353�2

1 554�3

1 683�1

EU-28 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

135.6

135.8

140.3

150.9

130.3

154.2

167.1

181.7

France

276.6

318.6

337.4

357.7

300.0

376.7

428.9

470.9

Germany

113.9

126.2

139.8

148.7

121.4

141.9

163.0

178.3

Italy

United Kingdom

136.3

134.0

135.7

142.5

114.4

148.1

181.2

183.0 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).
(**) For EU‑28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); WTO.

14 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

6 214�1

7 144�7

7 551�0

8 247�6

6 786�6

8 971�1 10 337�8 11 480�6

World (*)

37.1

98.3

32.4

85.3

95.3

80.1

69.9

97.0

82.5

40.7

47.6

39.9

51.4

60.3

63.0

Argentina

103.1

127.3

110.6

160.4

194.2

199.8

Australia

109.8

117.2

134.6

109.7

152.3

183.9

188.8

289.7

309.2

307.0

310.4

226.6

292.3

324.8

354.0

612.5

771.7

890.5

972.7

861.5

1 190.1

1 363.8

1 594.6

109.6

132.5

118.2

170.7

217.6

229.0

Brazil

Canada

China

India

86.1

94.9

85.8

119.2

144.2

146.7

Indonesia

478.2

515.1

521.2

531.3

416.3

580.7

591.4

621.6

172.2

199.1

198.3

198.0

164.7

225.0

251.1

288.6

196.0

241.8

258.6

320.6

217.5

302.2

375.0

411.9

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

145.3

168.3

170.3

213.1

137.9

189.4

262.0

302.3

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

41.5

46.3

50.9

54.9

44.2

61.0

70.4

67.9

South Africa

South Korea

228.6

259.2

271.1

286.9

260.6

351.8

398.9

426.4

South Korea

Turkey

59.1

68.1

78.3

89.8

73.2

85.9

96.9

118.7

Turkey

United States

724.3

817.1

837.8

875.3

757.1

964.4

1 063.4

1 203.1

United States

EU-28 (**)

1 049�5

1 152�4

1 234�3

1 309�1

1 094�0

1 353�2

1 554�3

1 683�1

EU-28 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

135.6

135.8

140.3

150.9

130.3

154.2

167.1

181.7

France

276.6

318.6

337.4

357.7

300.0

376.7

428.9

470.9

Germany

113.9

126.2

139.8

148.7

121.4

141.9

163.0

178.3

Italy

United Kingdom

136.3

134.0

135.7

142.5

114.4

148.1

181.2

183.0 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).

(**) For EU‑28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28.

Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); WTO.

15

Global imports of goods (billion EUR)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

6 576�0

7 489�1

7 839�3

8 601�8

7 013�4

9 209�4 10 535�2 11 707�7

World (*)

23.1

27.2

32.6

39.1

27.8

42.6

53.1

53.3

Argentina

100.7

110.9

120.6

136.2

118.6

152.1

175.1

203.1

Australia

62.4

76.3

92.4

124.0

95.8

144.5

170.2

181.6

259.2

285.9

284.7

284.9

236.5

303.8

332.9

369.6

530.5

630.3

697.6

770.0

721.2

1 053.2

1 252.5

1 415.3

114.8

142.1

167.4

218.3

184.4

264.2

333.7

381.1

Indonesia

60.9

64.2

67.9

86.7

67.2

102.1

126.6

148.2

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

414.7

461.2

454.0

518.4

395.7

523.5

614.5

689.5

183.5

209.8

211.8

216.4

173.2

234.0

259.4

296.1

100.8

130.8

163.1

198.4

137.5

187.5

232.6

261.1

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

47.8

50.1

55.6

62.7

65.8

64.5

78.3

69.1

68.5

53.1

80.6

71.1

94.5

87.4

121.1

Saudi Arabia

96.7

South Africa

South Korea

210.0

246.4

260.4

295.9

231.6

320.7

376.7

404.4

South Korea

Turkey

93.9

111.2

124.1

137.3

101.0

140.0

173.0

184.1

Turkey

United States

1 392.7

1 527.6

1 474.2

1 475.0

1 150.9

1 485.4

1 627.8

1 817.8

United States

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

EU-28 (**)

1 183�9

1 364�6

1 446�8

1 585�2

1 235�6

1 532�1

1 728�3

1 798�3

EU-28 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

131.4

132.8

140.2

154.9

123.2

145.4

168.7

172.9

France

221.3

261.2

271.8

292.2

234.6

292.1

329.0

332.2

Germany

124.1

148.0

156.5

171.9

125.4

164.5

184.2

177.5

Italy

United Kingdom

183.6

213.5

215.6

217.5

188.2

227.0

250.9

280.0 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).
(**) For EU‑28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); WTO.

16 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

6 576�0

7 489�1

7 839�3

8 601�8

7 013�4

9 209�4 10 535�2 11 707�7

World (*)

23.1

27.2

32.6

39.1

27.8

42.6

53.1

53.3

Argentina

100.7

110.9

120.6

136.2

118.6

152.1

175.1

203.1

Australia

62.4

76.3

92.4

124.0

95.8

144.5

170.2

181.6

259.2

285.9

284.7

284.9

236.5

303.8

332.9

369.6

530.5

630.3

697.6

770.0

721.2

1 053.2

1 252.5

1 415.3

114.8

142.1

167.4

218.3

184.4

264.2

333.7

381.1

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

60.9

64.2

67.9

86.7

67.2

102.1

126.6

148.2

Indonesia

414.7

461.2

454.0

518.4

395.7

523.5

614.5

689.5

183.5

209.8

211.8

216.4

173.2

234.0

259.4

296.1

100.8

130.8

163.1

198.4

137.5

187.5

232.6

261.1

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

47.8

50.1

55.6

62.7

65.8

64.5

78.3

69.1

68.5

53.1

80.6

71.1

94.5

87.4

121.1

Saudi Arabia

96.7

South Africa

South Korea

210.0

246.4

260.4

295.9

231.6

320.7

376.7

404.4

South Korea

Turkey

93.9

111.2

124.1

137.3

101.0

140.0

173.0

184.1

Turkey

United States

1 392.7

1 527.6

1 474.2

1 475.0

1 150.9

1 485.4

1 627.8

1 817.8

United States

EU-28 (**)

1 183�9

1 364�6

1 446�8

1 585�2

1 235�6

1 532�1

1 728�3

1 798�3

EU-28 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

131.4

132.8

140.2

154.9

123.2

145.4

168.7

172.9

France

221.3

261.2

271.8

292.2

234.6

292.1

329.0

332.2

Germany

124.1

148.0

156.5

171.9

125.4

164.5

184.2

177.5

Italy

United Kingdom

183.6

213.5

215.6

217.5

188.2

227.0

250.9

280.0 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).

(**) For EU‑28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28.

Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); WTO.

17

Global exports of commercial 
services (billion EUR)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

1 467�3

1 647�4

1 817�3

1 916�2

1 838�9

2 161�0

2 286�9

2 584�4

World (*)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Indonesia

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

5.2

24.4

11.9

43.7

59.4

42.0 (b)

10.1

6.3

25.8

14.3

46.9

72.8

55.3

8.8

86.8

91.7 (b)

12.6

19.9

12.6

24.6

11.1

9.5

44.1

20.1

7.5

29.0

16.5

46.5

88.8

63.2

8.8

92.6

12.5

28.4

8.2

30.3

19.6

45.4

99.6

72.6

10.0

99.6

11.9

34.4

11.5

6.2 (b)

9.8

52.1

20.9

8.4

60.8

23.6

Saudi Arabia 

9.0 (b)

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

8.9

38.8

21.3

United States

292.4

322.6

346.3

355.1

354.9

407.0

422.9 483.5 (e)

United States

EU-28 (**)

397�6

444�1

497�7

517�7

504�7

558�1

602�4

654�6

EU-28 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

44.4

60.1

26.2

95.6

47.1

66.6

29.5

50.9

74.1

29.1

54.1

81.0

32.3

75.1

93.4

34.3

76.3

103.3

38.4

France

Germany

Italy

110.3

123.6

114.6

111.9

123.7

131.7

141.8 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade); coverage of Australia, 
Canada, India, Russia and Saudi Arabia: starting from 2009, data 
adjusted according to BPM5 methodology. Commercial services = 
services excluding government services n.i.e.

18 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

11.1

11.7

Argentina

36.6

40.4 (e)

Australia

26.2

56.2

29.7

60.3

121.6

126.2

148.2

98.5 109.5 (e)

14.5

17.6

Indonesia

104.6

102.4 110.8 (e)

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

11.0

39.2

8.0

10.4

67.6

12.5

45.4

11.5

85.3

8.2

Saudi Arabia 

South Africa

South Korea

27.6

32.7 (e)

Turkey

7.8

28.9

18.8

45.6

92.1

66.1

9.0

90.2

10.6

30.1

6.8

8.4

52.0

24.1

68.4

78.3

28.7

10.2

35.0

22.9

54.3

93.2

12.2

11.4

33.6

7.8

10.3

65.1

26.0

66.9

88.5

31.0

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Indonesia

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

France

Germany

Italy

42.0 (b)

10.1

86.8

91.7 (b)

6.3

25.8

14.3

46.9

72.8

55.3

8.8

12.6

24.6

11.1

9.5

44.1

20.1

47.1

66.6

29.5

7.5

29.0

16.5

46.5

88.8

63.2

8.8

92.6

12.5

28.4

9.8

52.1

20.9

50.9

74.1

29.1

8.2

30.3

19.6

45.4

99.6

72.6

10.0

99.6

11.9

34.4

8.4

60.8

23.6

54.1

81.0

32.3

5.2

24.4

11.9

43.7

59.4

12.6

19.9

8.9

38.8

21.3

44.4

60.1

26.2

95.6

Saudi Arabia 

9.0 (b)

11.5

6.2 (b)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

1 467�3

1 647�4

1 817�3

1 916�2

1 838�9

2 161�0

2 286�9

2 584�4

World (*)

7.8

28.9

18.8

45.6

92.1

66.1

9.0

90.2

10.6

30.1

6.8

8.4

52.0

24.1

11.1

11.7

Argentina

36.6

40.4 (e)

Australia

10.2

35.0

22.9

54.3

93.2

12.2

11.4

33.6

7.8

10.3

65.1

26.0

26.2

56.2

29.7

60.3

121.6

126.2

148.2

98.5 109.5 (e)

14.5

17.6

Indonesia

104.6

102.4 110.8 (e)

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

11.0

39.2

8.0

10.4

67.6

12.5

45.4

8.2

Saudi Arabia 

11.5

85.3

South Africa

South Korea

27.6

32.7 (e)

Turkey

United States

292.4

322.6

346.3

355.1

354.9

407.0

422.9 483.5 (e)

United States

EU-28 (**)

397�6

444�1

497�7

517�7

504�7

558�1

602�4

654�6

EU-28 (**)

United Kingdom

110.3

123.6

114.6

111.9

123.7

131.7

141.8 United Kingdom

68.4

78.3

28.7

66.9

88.5

31.0

75.1

93.4

34.3

76.3

103.3

38.4

France

Germany

Italy

(**) For EU and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28; 
commercial services are for EU‑27 before 2010.
(b) Break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do 
not form a consistent series with those from earlier years.
(e) WTO estimate.
Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det); WTO.

19

Global imports of commercial 
services (billion EUR)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

1 400�2

1 555�8

1 697�4

1 834�6

1 749�6

2 067�8

2 209�4

2 503�6

World (*)

5.9

24.0

18.0

52.2

67.0

37.6 (b)

17.6

6.6

25.2

21.6

57.2

79.9

46.4

16.9

7.7

28.6

25.3

59.6

94.3

51.4

17.6

8.9

32.4

30.2

59.6

107.4

59.7

19.0

106.6 106.6 (b)

108.4

113.8

105.3

117.4

119.1 136.0 (e)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Indonesia

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

16.3

30.4

Saudi Arabia 

15.8 (b)

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

9.5

47.4

8.3

17.2

34.8

23.5

11.1

55.2

8.6

16.4

41.4

16.3

50.1

33.5

33.7 (b)

11.8

61.3

10.6

11.2

64.9

11.4

United States

219.9

245.6

247.3

254.2

251.4

279.0

283.7 320.0 (e)

United States

EU-28 (**)

345�8

374�6

411�9

446�8

422�0

449�8

472�1

502�4

EU-28 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

40.5

72.1

25.6

59.2

42.3

75.9

28.8

64.0

43.9

80.5

32.0

68.1

45.4

84.7

37.3

65.9

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade); coverage of Australia, 
Canada, India, Russia and Saudi Arabia: starting from 2009, data 
adjusted according to BPM5 methodology. Commercial services = 
services excluding government services n.i.e.

20 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

113.3

145.0

170.3

218.1

52.4

75.0

60.5

81.8

88.9

99.2 (e)

8.5

29.6

31.6

58.0

57.1

16.2

15.0

42.9

33.7

10.3

57.0

11.1

52.9

76.7

31.4

59.0

10.9

37.9

45.1

71.8

87.8

19.3

16.5

53.8

38.5

13.6

71.6

13.7

53.4

86.0

31.9

62.0

12.6

14.2

Argentina

42.7

49.0 (e)

Australia

22.1

25.9

Indonesia

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia 

South Africa

South Korea

19.7

81.1

38.8

13.4

83.3

14.0

14.7 (e)

Turkey

58.2

100.6

31.9

France

Germany

Italy

67.3

United Kingdom

18.0

62.7

39.5

13.8

71.8

59.8

90.8

31.8

62.6

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

Indonesia

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

37.6 (b)

17.6

5.9

24.0

18.0

52.2

67.0

16.3

30.4

9.5

47.4

8.3

40.5

72.1

25.6

59.2

6.6

25.2

21.6

57.2

79.9

46.4

16.9

17.2

34.8

23.5

11.1

55.2

8.6

42.3

75.9

28.8

64.0

7.7

28.6

25.3

59.6

94.3

51.4

17.6

16.4

41.4

11.8

61.3

10.6

43.9

80.5

32.0

68.1

8.9

32.4

30.2

59.6

107.4

59.7

19.0

16.3

50.1

11.2

64.9

11.4

45.4

84.7

37.3

65.9

Saudi Arabia 

15.8 (b)

33.5

33.7 (b)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

1 400�2

1 555�8

1 697�4

1 834�6

1 749�6

2 067�8

2 209�4

2 503�6

World (*)

106.6 106.6 (b)

108.4

113.8

105.3

117.4

119.1 136.0 (e)

113.3

145.0

170.3

218.1

8.5

29.6

31.6

58.0

10.9

37.9

45.1

71.8

57.1

16.2

87.8

19.3

15.0

42.9

33.7

10.3

57.0

11.1

16.5

53.8

38.5

13.6

71.6

13.7

12.6

14.2

Argentina

42.7

49.0 (e)

Australia

52.4

75.0

60.5

81.8

88.9

99.2 (e)

Brazil

Canada

China

India 

22.1

25.9

Indonesia

18.0

62.7

39.5

13.8

71.8

19.7

81.1

38.8

13.4

83.3

Japan 

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia 

South Africa

South Korea

14.0

14.7 (e)

Turkey

United States

219.9

245.6

247.3

254.2

251.4

279.0

283.7 320.0 (e)

United States

EU-28 (**)

345�8

374�6

411�9

446�8

422�0

449�8

472�1

502�4

EU-28 (**)

52.9

76.7

31.4

59.0

53.4

86.0

31.9

62.0

59.8

90.8

31.8

62.6

58.2

100.6

31.9

France

Germany

Italy

67.3

United Kingdom

(**) For EU and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28; 
commercial services are for EU‑27 before 2010.
(b) Break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do 
not form a consistent series with those from earlier years.
(e) WTO estimate. 
Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det); WTO.

21

Trade in goods and commercial 
services (% of GDP)

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commercial services are for EU‑27 before 2010.
Ratio = (imports + exports)/GDP
(e) Estimate.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); 
Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det); WTO; 
IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2013).

22 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trade in goods and commercial services  
in selected countries (% of GDP)

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(*) Trade with extra‑EU‑28; commercial services are for EU‑27 before 
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Ratio = (imports + exports)/GDP
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos: 
bop_its_det); WTO; IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2013).

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share in world trade in goods 
and commercial services (%)

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(**) For EU‑28 and four EU Member States: trade with extra‑EU‑28; 
commercial services are for EU‑27 before 2010.
(e) Estimate.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos, 
online data code: bop_its_det); WTO.

24 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share in world trade in goods and commercial 
services in selected countries 
(% of world trade excluding intra‑EU trade)

s
e
t
a
t
S

d
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2

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1
0
2

0
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

0
2

8
1

6
1

4
1

2
1

0
1

02468

Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
(*) Commercial services are for EU‑27 before 2010.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos: 
bop_its_det); WTO.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current account balance (% of GDP)

Country

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

2.6

3.4

2.6

– 5.7

– 5.3

– 6.2

1.6

1.9

5.9

1.3

1.4

8.5

0.1

0.8

10.1

1.8

– 4.5

– 1.7

0.1

9.3

– 1.2

– 1.0

– 1.3

– 2.3

– 2.8

– 2.7

– 4.2

0.6

3.6

2.6

3.9

1.6

4.9

0.0

3.3

– 1.0

– 0.8

– 1.4

– 1.8

– 0.9

– 0.3

– 1.0

– 1.2

11.1

27.4

9.3

26.3

5.5

22.5

6.3

25.5

South Africa

– 3.5

– 5.3

– 7.0

– 7.2

– 4.0

– 2.8

– 3.4

– 6.3 (e)

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

United States

EU-28 (*)

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

2.2

– 4.4

– 5.6

0�1

– 0.5

5.1

– 0.9

– 1.8

1.5

– 6.0

– 5.8

– 0�2

– 0.6

6.3

– 1.5

– 2.8

2.1

– 5.8

– 4.9

– 0�4

– 1.0

7.5

– 1.3

– 2.2

0.3

– 5.5

– 4.6

– 0�9

– 1.7

6.2

– 2.9

– 0.9

(*) EU‑28, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom: current account with 
the world.
(e) Estimate.
Source: IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2013).

26 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE

2.5

– 4.3

– 1.5

– 2.9

4.9

2.0

2.9

4.1

4.9

3.9

– 2.0

– 2.6

0.3

– 3.0

– 2.2

– 3.5

4.0

0.7

3.7

4.4

12.7

2.9

– 6.2

– 3.0

– 0.6

– 2.3

– 2.1

– 2.8

1.9

0.2

2.0

5.1

23.7

2.3

– 9.7

– 2.9

0.0

– 3.7

– 2.4

– 3.4

2.3

– 4.8

– 2.7

1.0

3.7

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

23.2

Saudi Arabia

3.8

South Korea

– 6.1

Turkey

– 2.7

United States

0�0

0�1

0�4

0�9

EU-28 (*)

– 1.3

– 1.3

– 1.8

– 2.2

6.0

– 2.0

– 1.4

6.3

– 3.5

– 2.7

6.2

– 3.1

– 1.5

7.0

– 0.7

France

Germany

Italy

– 3.8 United Kingdom

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Country

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Turkey

United States

EU-28 (*)

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

2.6

3.4

2.6

– 5.7

– 5.3

– 6.2

1.6

1.9

5.9

0.6

3.6

11.1

27.4

2.2

– 4.4

– 5.6

0�1

– 0.5

5.1

– 0.9

– 1.8

1.3

1.4

8.5

2.6

3.9

9.3

26.3

1.5

– 6.0

– 5.8

– 0�2

– 0.6

6.3

– 1.5

– 2.8

0.1

0.8

10.1

1.6

4.9

5.5

22.5

2.1

– 5.8

– 4.9

– 0�4

– 1.0

7.5

– 1.3

– 2.2

1.8

– 4.5

– 1.7

0.1

9.3

0.0

3.3

6.3

25.5

0.3

– 5.5

– 4.6

– 0�9

– 1.7

6.2

– 2.9

– 0.9

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

2.5

– 4.3

– 1.5

– 2.9

4.9

0.3

– 3.0

– 2.2

– 3.5

4.0

– 0.6

– 2.3

– 2.1

– 2.8

1.9

– 1.2

– 1.0

– 1.3

– 2.3

– 2.8

– 2.7

– 4.2

2.0

2.9

0.7

3.7

0.2

2.0

0.0

– 3.7

– 2.4

– 3.4

2.3

– 4.8

– 2.7

1.0

– 1.0

– 0.8

– 1.4

– 1.8

– 0.9

– 0.3

– 1.0

– 1.2

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

4.1

4.9

4.4

12.7

5.1

23.7

3.7

23.2

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

– 3.5

– 5.3

– 7.0

– 7.2

– 4.0

– 2.8

– 3.4

– 6.3 (e)

South Africa

3.9

– 2.0

– 2.6

2.9

– 6.2

– 3.0

2.3

– 9.7

– 2.9

3.8

South Korea

– 6.1

Turkey

– 2.7

United States

0�0

0�1

0�4

0�9

EU-28 (*)

– 1.3

– 1.3

– 1.8

– 2.2

6.0

– 2.0

– 1.4

6.3

– 3.5

– 2.7

6.2

– 3.1

– 1.5

7.0

– 0.7

France

Germany

Italy

– 3.8 United Kingdom

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SECTION 2 
FOREIGN DIRECT 
INVESTMENT (FDI)

FDI inflows (billion EUR)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

333�9

683�9

827�9

834�5

635�4

801�9

707�7

926�6

World (*)

4.2

– 19.5

12.1

20.7

58.2

6.1

6.7

2.2

19.7

12.5

9.7

5.3

5.1

8.1

4.4

24.7

15.0

48.0

57.9

16.2

3.9

– 5.2

16.2

29.9

14.6

– 0.4

7.2

16.1

4.7

33.2

25.2

85.2

60.9

18.5

5.1

16.5

22.9

41.6

17.7

4.2

6.5

6.6

32.0

30.6

41.8

73.6

32.0

6.3

16.6

18.9

50.8

26.8

6.1

7.6

16.1

13.4

United States

84.2

188.9

157.6

208.3

103.0

149.3

163.0

130.5

United States

EU-27 (**)

129�7

231�2

432�1

182�1

274�4

222�6

424�0

291�8

EU-27 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

13.5

4.7

1.9

United Kingdom

37.7

16.1

24.3

2.9

54.5

15.1

12.3

1.5

78.6

12.8

– 1.2

7.4

31.1

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).
(**) For EU‑27 and four EU Member States: FDI inflows from extra‑EU‑27; 
aggregate data for the EU is not the simple sum of data for Member 
States.
Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main); Unctad.

30 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

31

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

2.9

19.1

18.6

16.3

68.1

25.6

3.5

8.6

11.9

26.2

26.1

3.8

6.4

6.2

8.4

3.0

0.4

26.1

– 0.9

– 1.3

5.9

26.6

36.6

21.9

86.5

15.9

10.4

16.1

32.6

22.1

0.9

7.6

6.8

3.8

17.3

7.5

45.1

7.1

46.9

47.9

29.7

89.1

26.0

13.8

15.4

39.6

11.7

4.3

7.4

11.5

13.2

10.5

2.3

12.9

9.8

44.3

50.8

35.3

94.2

19.9

15.5

1.3

9.9

40.0

9.5

3.6

7.7

9.7

9.5

9.6

9.0

France

Germany

Italy

22.2

United Kingdom

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

France

Germany

Italy

4.2

– 19.5

12.1

20.7

58.2

6.1

6.7

2.2

19.7

12.5

9.7

5.3

5.1

8.1

13.5

4.7

1.9

4.4

24.7

15.0

48.0

57.9

16.2

3.9

– 5.2

16.2

29.9

14.6

– 0.4

7.2

16.1

16.1

24.3

2.9

54.5

4.7

33.2

25.2

85.2

60.9

18.5

5.1

16.5

22.9

41.6

17.7

4.2

6.5

15.1

12.3

1.5

78.6

6.6

32.0

30.6

41.8

73.6

32.0

6.3

16.6

18.9

50.8

26.8

6.1

7.6

12.8

– 1.2

7.4

31.1

16.1

13.4

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

333�9

683�9

827�9

834�5

635�4

801�9

707�7

926�6

World (*)

2.9

19.1

18.6

16.3

68.1

25.6

3.5

8.6

11.9

26.2

26.1

3.8

6.4

6.2

5.9

26.6

36.6

21.9

86.5

15.9

10.4

7.1

46.9

47.9

29.7

89.1

26.0

13.8

– 0.9

– 1.3

16.1

32.6

22.1

0.9

7.6

6.8

15.4

39.6

11.7

4.3

7.4

11.5

9.8

44.3

50.8

35.3

94.2

19.9

15.5

1.3

9.9

40.0

9.5

3.6

7.7

9.7

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

United States

84.2

188.9

157.6

208.3

103.0

149.3

163.0

130.5

United States

EU-27 (**)

129�7

231�2

432�1

182�1

274�4

222�6

424�0

291�8

EU-27 (**)

United Kingdom

37.7

8.4

3.0

0.4

26.1

3.8

17.3

7.5

45.1

13.2

10.5

2.3

12.9

9.5

9.6

9.0

France

Germany

Italy

22.2

United Kingdom

30 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

31

FDI outflows (billion EUR)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

297�3

574�8

943�9

825�2

547�6

863�4

729�9

919�6

World (*)

1.1

– 25.0

2.0

22.1

9.9

2.4

2.5

36.8

5.2

14.4

– 0.3

0.7

5.1

0.9

1.9

20.2

22.5

36.8

16.9

11.4

2.2

40.0

4.6

23.9

0.0

4.8

10.0

0.7

1.1

12.3

5.2

47.2

19.3

12.6

3.4

53.7

6.0

33.5

– 0.1

0.9

22.9

13.9

53.9

38.0

14.4

4.0

87.0

0.8

37.8

2.4

2.2

– 2.1

15.8

1.5

13.8

1.7

United States

12.4

178.6

287.1

209.6

191.4

229.6

285.0

256.0

United States

EU-27 (**)

239�9

317�7

564�2

381�2

331�9

302�6

474�1

255�6

EU-27 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

27.3

17.2

6.1

45.5

41.5

36.0

15.0

62.9

26.9

46.8

0.3

130.5

42.4

4.1

14.9

65.3

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).
(**) For EU‑27 and four EU Member States: FDI outflows to extra EU‑27; 
aggregate data for the EU is not the simple sum of data for Member 
States.
Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main); Unctad.

32 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

33

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

8.7

– 0.7

– 2.2

0.5

11.6

– 7.2

28.4

40.5

11.5

1.6

53.6

6.1

31.0

1.6

0.8

12.5

1.1

17.3

13.3

4.4

36.1

0.7

20.6

26.2

51.9

12.0

2.0

42.4

11.3

39.7

2.9

21.4

1.1

19.8

36.0

17.0

18.3

1.1

10.3

35.8

53.6

8.9

5.5

77.3

8.7

48.0

2.5

20.8

1.7

26.9

24.2

14.9

51.0

– 0.1

– 0.2

0.8

12.6

42.0

65.6

6.7

4.2

95.4

19.9

39.7

3.4

3.4

25.7

3.2

16.4

11.7

23.1

France

Germany

Italy

43.8 United Kingdom

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

1.1

– 25.0

2.0

22.1

9.9

2.4

2.5

36.8

5.2

14.4

– 0.3

0.7

5.1

0.9

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

27.3

17.2

6.1

45.5

1.9

20.2

22.5

36.8

16.9

11.4

2.2

40.0

4.6

23.9

0.0

4.8

10.0

0.7

41.5

36.0

15.0

62.9

1.1

12.3

5.2

47.2

19.3

12.6

3.4

53.7

6.0

33.5

– 0.1

15.8

1.5

26.9

46.8

0.3

130.5

0.9

22.9

13.9

53.9

38.0

14.4

4.0

87.0

0.8

37.8

2.4

13.8

1.7

42.4

4.1

14.9

65.3

2.2

– 2.1

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

297�3

574�8

943�9

825�2

547�6

863�4

729�9

919�6

World (*)

0.5

11.6

– 7.2

28.4

40.5

11.5

1.6

53.6

6.1

31.0

1.6

0.8

12.5

1.1

0.7

20.6

1.1

10.3

0.8

12.6

8.7

– 0.7

– 2.2

26.2

51.9

12.0

2.0

42.4

11.3

39.7

2.9

35.8

53.6

8.9

5.5

77.3

8.7

48.0

2.5

– 0.1

– 0.2

21.4

1.1

20.8

1.7

42.0

65.6

6.7

4.2

95.4

19.9

39.7

3.4

3.4

25.7

3.2

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

United States

12.4

178.6

287.1

209.6

191.4

229.6

285.0

256.0

United States

EU-27 (**)

239�9

317�7

564�2

381�2

331�9

302�6

474�1

255�6

EU-27 (**)

17.3

13.3

4.4

36.1

19.8

36.0

17.0

18.3

26.9

24.2

14.9

51.0

16.4

11.7

23.1

France

Germany

Italy

43.8 United Kingdom

32 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FDI inward stocks (billion EUR)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

5 527�8

6 975�8

7 912�8

5 227�0

7 404�8

9 356�2

8 670�2 11 144�0

World (*)

44.3

48.0

49.3

52.4

57.3

66.7

70.5

86.2

Argentina

194.7

236.2

281.8

208.0

306.4

387.3

397.0

475.2

Australia

145.8

175.7

226.0

195.6

287.4

514.7

499.4

546.6

274.6

298.8

378.3

305.7

393.1

446.5

421.7

495.8

218.7

233.0

238.7

257.1

339.2

443.4

511.4

648.3

34.7

33.1

81.1

56.4

43.4

85.7

77.2

58.3

96.9

85.1

49.1

138.3

122.8

155.1

148.3

176.2

78.0

121.2

133.5

160.1

Indonesia

143.5

162.1

162.2

159.8

182.1

204.4

211.7

157.0

199.2

249.0

217.2

245.1

144.9

211.7

358.3

146.7

271.6

370.0

328.6

396.1

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

27.0

63.5

84.3

57.3

40.3

69.9

92.2

75.8

53.6

80.6

89.0

113.2

75.9

46.2

64.4

54.7

105.5

128.6

134.2

154.9

Saudi Arabia

84.2

86.8

115.5

101.3

96.5

96.0

108.2

South Africa

114.6

South Korea

103.1

141.0

100.6

140.9

Turkey

United States

2 265.1

2 622.7

2 591.2

1 690.5

2 147.6

2 562.7

2 521.1

3 060.4

United States

EU-27 (**)

1 835�1

2 022�7

2 415�4

2 496�0

2 783�4

3 144�7

3 768�1

3 947�4

EU-27 (**)

France

139.1

151.7

168.7

174.4

179.7

181.2

190.1

203.1

France

Germany (***)

:

:

178.3

170.3

166.8

180.5

184.9

195.4

Germany (***)

Italy

48.8

52.2

20.5

27.9

35.3

27.2

29.7

38.8

Italy

United Kingdom

355.8

417.6

424.7

341.0

358.7

432.0

503.7

575.8 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).
(**) For EU‑27 and four EU Member States: FDI inward stocks from extra 
EU‑27; aggregate data for the EU is not the simple sum of data for 
Member States.

34 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

35

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

5 527�8

6 975�8

7 912�8

5 227�0

7 404�8

9 356�2

8 670�2 11 144�0

World (*)

44.3

48.0

49.3

52.4

57.3

66.7

70.5

86.2

Argentina

194.7

236.2

281.8

208.0

306.4

387.3

397.0

475.2

Australia

145.8

175.7

226.0

195.6

287.4

514.7

499.4

546.6

274.6

298.8

378.3

305.7

393.1

446.5

421.7

495.8

218.7

233.0

238.7

257.1

339.2

443.4

511.4

648.3

122.8

155.1

148.3

176.2

Brazil

Canada

China

India

78.0

121.2

133.5

160.1

Indonesia

182.1

204.4

211.7

157.0

199.2

249.0

217.2

245.1

144.9

211.7

358.3

146.7

271.6

370.0

328.6

396.1

143.5

162.1

162.2

159.8

Japan

Mexico

Russia

105.5

128.6

134.2

154.9

Saudi Arabia

84.2

86.8

115.5

101.3

96.5

96.0

108.2

South Africa

114.6

South Korea

103.1

141.0

100.6

140.9

Turkey

34.7

33.1

81.1

27.0

63.5

84.3

57.3

56.4

43.4

85.7

40.3

69.9

92.2

75.8

77.2

58.3

96.9

85.1

49.1

138.3

53.6

80.6

89.0

113.2

75.9

46.2

64.4

54.7

United States

2 265.1

2 622.7

2 591.2

1 690.5

2 147.6

2 562.7

2 521.1

3 060.4

United States

EU-27 (**)

1 835�1

2 022�7

2 415�4

2 496�0

2 783�4

3 144�7

3 768�1

3 947�4

EU-27 (**)

France

139.1

151.7

168.7

174.4

179.7

181.2

190.1

203.1

France

Germany (***)

:

:

178.3

170.3

166.8

180.5

184.9

195.4

Germany (***)

Italy

48.8

52.2

20.5

27.9

35.3

27.2

29.7

38.8

Italy

United Kingdom

355.8

417.6

424.7

341.0

358.7

432.0

503.7

575.8 United Kingdom

(***) 2006 data is confidential.
(:) Not available.
Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main); Unctad.

34 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

35

FDI outward stocks (billion EUR)

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

6 229�5

8 118�9

8 926�4

5 646�1

8 155�2

9 646�8

8 533�4 11 186�3

World (*)

18.8

20.6

20.1

19.6

21.2

22.9

22.9

25.6

Argentina

167.9

212.6

247.8

163.6

246.4

312.0

272.0

330.4

Australia

63.7

90.7

102.1

105.8

118.0

142.3

145.5

181.2

312.1

354.6

380.5

356.4

432.1

480.3

474.7

556.5

46.0

7.8

:

59.8

21.5

0.8

86.0

32.2

2.3

125.1

43.1

1.9

176.2

239.3

305.2

396.2

58.0

2.8

73.1

5.0

78.7

4.5

92.0

9.0

310.7

358.0

395.9

462.6

531.2

626.9

691.7

821.1

51.6

57.3

62.3

45.4

58.2

78.7

80.5

107.2

117.9

172.4

270.1

139.8

219.8

276.3

260.1

321.6

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

6.1

30.3

31.1

6.7

13.7

40.5

39.2

7.1

12.4

48.1

54.6

8.9

13.9

34.0

66.6

12.1

16.2

52.0

86.3

16.0

20.0

67.5

21.5

56.0

26.7

64.1

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

108.0

123.2

152.9

South Korea

17.0

19.0

23.7

Turkey

United States

2 924.2

3 560.3

3 849.0

2 109.3

3 073.7

3 595.6

3 232.7

4 040.4

United States

EU-27 (**)

2 426�2

2 746�0

3 201�2

3 322�0

3 751�1

4 237�0

4 939�3

5 206�8

EU-27 (**)

France

Germany

Italy

295.7

303.2

328.2

351.8

378.9

426.5

449.4

465.5

France

:

295.1

314.2

302.1

295.2

346.1

376.3

421.8

Germany

60.3

75.8

49.5

70.8

76.3

91.3

109.9

130.8

Italy

United Kingdom

520.1

635.4

687.6

588.0

567.2

588.3

667.6

704.0 United Kingdom

(*) Coverage: world (excluding intra‑EU trade).
(**) For EU‑27 and four EU Member States: FDI outward stocks to extra 
EU‑27; aggregate data for the EU is not the simple sum of data for 
Member States.
(:) Not available.
Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main); Unctad.

36 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

37

Country

World (*)

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

France

Germany

Italy

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

6 229�5

8 118�9

8 926�4

5 646�1

8 155�2

9 646�8

8 533�4 11 186�3

World (*)

18.8

20.6

20.1

19.6

21.2

22.9

22.9

25.6

Argentina

167.9

212.6

247.8

163.6

246.4

312.0

272.0

330.4

Australia

63.7

90.7

102.1

105.8

118.0

142.3

145.5

181.2

312.1

354.6

380.5

356.4

432.1

480.3

474.7

556.5

86.0

32.2

2.3

125.1

43.1

1.9

176.2

239.3

305.2

396.2

58.0

2.8

73.1

5.0

78.7

4.5

92.0

9.0

310.7

358.0

395.9

462.6

531.2

626.9

691.7

821.1

51.6

57.3

62.3

45.4

58.2

78.7

80.5

107.2

117.9

172.4

270.1

139.8

219.8

276.3

260.1

321.6

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

12.4

48.1

54.6

8.9

13.9

34.0

66.6

12.1

16.2

52.0

86.3

16.0

20.0

67.5

21.5

56.0

26.7

64.1

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

108.0

123.2

152.9

South Korea

17.0

19.0

23.7

Turkey

46.0

7.8

:

6.1

30.3

31.1

6.7

59.8

21.5

0.8

13.7

40.5

39.2

7.1

United States

2 924.2

3 560.3

3 849.0

2 109.3

3 073.7

3 595.6

3 232.7

4 040.4

United States

EU-27 (**)

2 426�2

2 746�0

3 201�2

3 322�0

3 751�1

4 237�0

4 939�3

5 206�8

EU-27 (**)

295.7

303.2

328.2

351.8

378.9

426.5

449.4

465.5

France

:

295.1

314.2

302.1

295.2

346.1

376.3

421.8

Germany

60.3

75.8

49.5

70.8

76.3

91.3

109.9

130.8

Italy

United Kingdom

520.1

635.4

687.6

588.0

567.2

588.3

667.6

704.0 United Kingdom

36 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 

37

SECTION 3 
EU TRADE

EU‑28 merchandise trade with extra‑EU‑28 
by sector (billion EUR, %)

Exports

Imports

Value  
2013

Share 
in total 
2013

Variation 
2013–12

Annual 
average 
growth 
rate 
2013–05

Value  

2013

Share in 

total 2013

Variation 

2013–12

Trade 

balance

2013

Annual 

average 

growth rate 

2013–05

TOTAL

1 732�9

100

3�0 %

6�5 %

1 683�4

100

– 6�4 %

4�5 %

49�5

SITC Rev� 3

SITC 0  

SITC 1  

SITC 2 

SITC 3 

SITC 4 

SITC 5 

SITC 6 

SITC 7 

SITC 8 

SITC 9 

Food and live 
animals
Beverages and 
tobacco
Crude materials, 
inedible, except 
fuels
Mineral fuels, 
lubricants 
and related 
materials
Animal and 
vegetable oils, 
fats and waxes
Chemicals 
and related 
products, n.e.s.
Manufactured 
goods classified 
chiefly by 
material
Machinery 
and transport 
equipment
Miscellaneous 
manufactured 
articles
Commodities 
and 
transactions 
n.c.e.

AMA/NAMA

AMA

NAMA

Agricultural 
products 
Non‑agricultural 
products 

75.3

4.3 %

7.4 %

9.9 %

29.0

1.7 %

0.2 %

7.6 %

85.9

7.6

5.1 %

0.4 %

0.4 %

0.4 %

5.2 %

– 10.5

3.3 %

21.4

40.5

2.3 % – 5.7 %

8.4 %

67.3

4.0 %

– 5.8 %

4.3 %

– 26.9

117.3

6.8 % – 6.5 % 12.4 %

499.0

29.6 %

– 9.0 %

7.8 %

– 381.6

4.8

0.3 %

3.7 %

8.7 %

8.7

0.5 %

– 6.1 %

9.1 %

– 3.9

273.1

15.8 % – 0.8 %

6.6 %

157.5

9.4 %

– 3.6 %

6.3 %

115.6

200.7

11.6 % – 1.3 %

4.1 %

164.7

9.8 %

– 2.0 %

3.2 %

36.0

708.7

40.9 %

0.5 %

5.2 %

436.0

25.9 %

– 3.6 %

1.5 %

272.7

182.2

10.5 %

3.6 %

5.7 %

216.1

12.8 %

– 1.7 %

3.7 %

– 33.8

101.3

5.8 % 98.3 % 16.9 %

40.8

2.4 %

– 44.0 %

7.9 %

60.5

119.8

6.9 %

5.7 %

9.1 %

101.5

6.0 %

– 0.4 %

1 613.2

93.1 %

2.8 %

6.3 %

1 581.9

94.0 %

– 6.7 %

5.9 %

4.4 %

18.2

31.3

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).
AMA refers to all the products included in the Uruguay Round Agreement 
on Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this 
agreement. WTO definitions.

40 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

41

Exports

Imports

Value  

2013

Share 

in total 

2013

Variation 

2013–12

Annual 

average 

growth 

rate 

2013–05

Value  
2013

Share in 
total 2013

Variation 
2013–12

Trade 
balance

2013

Annual 
average 
growth rate 
2013–05

TOTAL

1 732�9

100

3�0 %

6�5 %

1 683�4

100

– 6�4 %

4�5 %

49�5

75.3

4.3 %

7.4 %

9.9 %

29.0

1.7 %

0.2 %

7.6 %

85.9

7.6

5.1 %

0.4 %

0.4 %

0.4 %

5.2 %

– 10.5

3.3 %

21.4

SITC 2 

inedible, except 

40.5

2.3 % – 5.7 %

8.4 %

67.3

4.0 %

– 5.8 %

4.3 %

– 26.9

SITC 3 

117.3

6.8 % – 6.5 % 12.4 %

499.0

29.6 %

– 9.0 %

7.8 %

– 381.6

SITC 4 

vegetable oils, 

4.8

0.3 %

3.7 %

8.7 %

8.7

0.5 %

– 6.1 %

9.1 %

– 3.9

SITC 5 

and related 

273.1

15.8 % – 0.8 %

6.6 %

157.5

9.4 %

– 3.6 %

6.3 %

115.6

SITC 6 

200.7

11.6 % – 1.3 %

4.1 %

164.7

9.8 %

– 2.0 %

3.2 %

36.0

SITC 7 

and transport 

708.7

40.9 %

0.5 %

5.2 %

436.0

25.9 %

– 3.6 %

1.5 %

272.7

SITC 8 

manufactured 

182.2

10.5 %

3.6 %

5.7 %

216.1

12.8 %

– 1.7 %

3.7 %

– 33.8

SITC 9 

101.3

5.8 % 98.3 % 16.9 %

40.8

2.4 %

– 44.0 %

7.9 %

60.5

119.8

6.9 %

5.7 %

9.1 %

101.5

6.0 %

– 0.4 %

1 613.2

93.1 %

2.8 %

6.3 %

1 581.9

94.0 %

– 6.7 %

5.9 %

4.4 %

18.2

31.3

n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
n.c.e. = not classified elsewhere.

SITC 0  

SITC 1  

SITC Rev� 3

Food and live 

animals

Beverages and 

tobacco

Crude materials, 

fuels

Mineral fuels, 

lubricants 

and related 

materials

Animal and 

fats and waxes

Chemicals 

products, n.e.s.

Manufactured 

goods classified 

chiefly by 

material

Machinery 

equipment

Miscellaneous 

articles

Commodities 

and 

n.c.e.

transactions 

AMA/NAMA

Agricultural 

products 

Non‑agricultural 

products 

AMA

NAMA

40 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

41

EU‑28 merchandise exports to 
extra‑EU‑28 by sector, 2013 shares (%)

Miscellaneous
manufactured
articles
10.5 %

Commodities 
and transactions 
n.c.e.
5.8 %

Food and live
animals
4.3 %

Machinery and 
transport 
equipment
40.9 %

Beverages
and tobacco
1.7 %

Manufactured 
goods classiﬁed 
chieﬂy by material
11.6 %

Chemicals and
related products, n.e.s.
15.8 %

Crude
materials,
inedible,
except fuels
2.3 %

Animal and vegetable oils,
fats and waxes
0.3 %

Mineral fuels,
lubricants and
related materials
6.8 %

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

42 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

43

EU‑28 merchandise imports from 
extra‑EU‑28 by sector, 2013 shares (%)

Commodities 
and transactions 
n.c.e.
2.4 %

Food and live
animals
5.1 %

Beverages
and tobacco
0.4 %

Miscellaneous
manufactured
articles
12.8 %

Machinery and 
transport 
equipment
25.9 %

Crude
materials,
inedible,
except fuels
4 %

Manufactured 
goods classiﬁed 
chieﬂy by material
9.8 %

Animal and
vegetable oils,
fats and waxes
0.5 %

Chemicals and
related products, n.e.s.
9.4 %

Mineral fuels,
lubricants and
related materials
29.6 %

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

42 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

43

EU‑28 merchandise exports to extra‑EU‑28 
by sector (billion EUR)

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

TOTAL

1 151�8 1 234�3 1 309�1

1 094�0

1 353�2

1 554�3

1 683�1

1 732�9

44.2

18.1

25.3

54.3

21.4

34.6

63.4

25.1

41.2

70.1

28.9

42.9

75.3

29.0

40.5

SITC Rev� 3

SITC 0   Food and live animals

38.7

42.1

48.3

SITC 1  

Beverages and 
tobacco

SITC 2 

Crude materials, 
inedible, except fuels

SITC 3 

Mineral fuels, 
lubricants and related 
materials

SITC 4 

Animal and vegetable 
oils, fats and waxes

SITC 5 

Chemicals and related 
products, n.e.s.

SITC 6 

Manufactured goods 
classified chiefly by 
material

SITC 7 

Machinery and 
transport equipment

SITC 8 

Miscellaneous 
manufactured articles

SITC 9 

Commodities and 
transactions n.c.e.

AMA/NAMA

18.5

19.5

19.5

25.8

27.7

29.0

58.8

66.6

84.7

58.7

79.0

100.2

125.6

117.3

2.5

2.4

3.0

2.6

3.0

3.9

4.6

4.8

183.4

196.7

197.5

195.6

232.7

255.0

275.4

273.1

162.5

174.4

177.5

138.5

169.9

195.2

203.5

200.7

505.8

546.2

570.9

459.3

570.5

648.4

705.2

708.7

128.1

132.2

135.9

118.8

138.7

156.5

175.9

182.2

28.1

26.8

42.8

33.1

49.0

65.6

51.1

101.3

AMA

Agricultural products 

67.7

69.8

77.6

70.9

86.7

101.1

113.3

119.8

NAMA

Non‑agricultural 
products 

1 084.2

1 164.5

1 231.6

1 023.1

1 266.5

1 453.1

1 569.8

1 613.2

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).
AMA refers to all the products included in the Uruguay Round Agreement 
on Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this 
agreement. WTO definitions.
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
n.c.e. = not classified elsewhere.

44 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

45

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

TOTAL

1 151�8 1 234�3 1 309�1

1 094�0

1 353�2

1 554�3

1 683�1

1 732�9

SITC 0   Food and live animals

38.7

42.1

48.3

18.5

19.5

19.5

25.8

27.7

29.0

44.2

18.1

25.3

54.3

21.4

34.6

63.4

25.1

41.2

70.1

28.9

42.9

75.3

29.0

40.5

SITC 3 

lubricants and related 

58.8

66.6

84.7

58.7

79.0

100.2

125.6

117.3

2.5

2.4

3.0

2.6

3.0

3.9

4.6

4.8

183.4

196.7

197.5

195.6

232.7

255.0

275.4

273.1

SITC 6 

classified chiefly by 

162.5

174.4

177.5

138.5

169.9

195.2

203.5

200.7

505.8

546.2

570.9

459.3

570.5

648.4

705.2

708.7

128.1

132.2

135.9

118.8

138.7

156.5

175.9

182.2

28.1

26.8

42.8

33.1

49.0

65.6

51.1

101.3

SITC Rev� 3

Beverages and 

SITC 1  

tobacco

SITC 2 

Crude materials, 

inedible, except fuels

Mineral fuels, 

materials

SITC 4 

Animal and vegetable 

oils, fats and waxes

SITC 5 

Chemicals and related 

products, n.e.s.

Manufactured goods 

material

SITC 7 

Machinery and 

transport equipment

SITC 8 

Miscellaneous 

manufactured articles

SITC 9 

Commodities and 

transactions n.c.e.

AMA/NAMA

AMA

Agricultural products 

67.7

69.8

77.6

70.9

86.7

101.1

113.3

119.8

NAMA

Non‑agricultural 

products 

1 084.2

1 164.5

1 231.6

1 023.1

1 266.5

1 453.1

1 569.8

1 613.2

44 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

45

EU‑28 merchandise imports from extra‑EU‑28 
by sector (billion EUR)

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

TOTAL

1 364�3 1 446�8 1 585�2

1 235�6

1 532�1

1 728�3

1 798�3

1 683�4

SITC Rev� 3

SITC 0   Food and live animals

61.7

69.0

74.6

67.4

73.9

84.4

85.5

85.9

SITC 1  

Beverages and 
tobacco

SITC 2 

Crude materials, 
inedible, except fuels

SITC 3 

Mineral fuels, 
lubricants and related 
materials

SITC 4 

Animal and vegetable 
oils, fats and waxes

SITC 5 

Chemicals and related 
products, n.e.s.

SITC 6 

Manufactured goods 
classified chiefly by 
material

SITC 7 

Machinery and 
transport equipment

SITC 8 

Miscellaneous 
manufactured articles

SITC 9 

Commodities and 
transactions n.c.e.

AMA/NAMA

6.2

6.6

6.3

6.4

6.9

7.1

7.5

7.6

57.5

64.4

67.3

41.7

64.1

76.7

71.5

67.3

341.2

338.3

460.2

299.9

385.0

493.4

548.2

499.0

5.4

5.6

8.0

5.6

6.7

8.6

9.2

8.7

109.1

120.7

124.2

112.5

137.3

155.2

163.3

157.5

160.5

189.1

178.3

115.5

157.6

184.7

168.1

164.7

412.6

429.0

425.8

352.9

446.5

445.2

452.3

436.0

180.6

193.6

196.9

181.0

204.8

216.7

219.7

216.1

29.9

30.6

43.8

52.7

49.4

56.2

72.8

40.8

AMA

Agricultural products 

68.1

77.6

88.1

76.8

84.3

98.5

101.9

101.5

NAMA

Non‑agricultural 
products 

1 296.2

1 369.2

1 497.1

1 158.8

1 447.8

1 629.8

1 696.4

1 581.9

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).
AMA refers to all the products included in the Uruguay Round Agreement 
on Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this 
agreement. WTO definitions.
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
n.c.e. = not classified elsewhere.

46 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

47

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

TOTAL

1 364�3 1 446�8 1 585�2

1 235�6

1 532�1

1 728�3

1 798�3

1 683�4

SITC 0   Food and live animals

61.7

69.0

74.6

67.4

73.9

84.4

85.5

85.9

6.2

6.6

6.3

6.4

6.9

7.1

7.5

7.6

57.5

64.4

67.3

41.7

64.1

76.7

71.5

67.3

SITC 3 

lubricants and related 

341.2

338.3

460.2

299.9

385.0

493.4

548.2

499.0

5.4

5.6

8.0

5.6

6.7

8.6

9.2

8.7

109.1

120.7

124.2

112.5

137.3

155.2

163.3

157.5

SITC 6 

classified chiefly by 

160.5

189.1

178.3

115.5

157.6

184.7

168.1

164.7

412.6

429.0

425.8

352.9

446.5

445.2

452.3

436.0

180.6

193.6

196.9

181.0

204.8

216.7

219.7

216.1

29.9

30.6

43.8

52.7

49.4

56.2

72.8

40.8

SITC Rev� 3

SITC 1  

Beverages and 

tobacco

SITC 2 

Crude materials, 

inedible, except fuels

Mineral fuels, 

materials

SITC 4 

Animal and vegetable 

oils, fats and waxes

SITC 5 

Chemicals and related 

products, n.e.s.

Manufactured goods 

material

SITC 7 

Machinery and 

transport equipment

SITC 8 

Miscellaneous 

manufactured articles

SITC 9 

Commodities and 

transactions n.c.e.

AMA/NAMA

AMA

Agricultural products 

68.1

77.6

88.1

76.8

84.3

98.5

101.9

101.5

NAMA

Non‑agricultural 

products 

1 296.2

1 369.2

1 497.1

1 158.8

1 447.8

1 629.8

1 696.4

1 581.9

46 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

47

EU‑28 merchandise trade with extra‑EU‑28, 
moving sums (billion EUR, %)

)
*
(

h
t
w
o
r
g

r
a
e
y
-
n
o
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r
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e
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)
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8
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p
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%
9
7

.

%
4
7

.

%
1
7

.

%
7
7

.

%
4
7

.

%
0
6

.

%
2
5

.

%
7
3

.

%
8
3

.

%
1
3

.

%
4
2

.

%
0
3

.

%
4
2

.

%
5
3

.

%
9
1

.

%
6
0

.

%
1
0

.

%
7
0
–

.

%
6
1
–

.

%
1
2
–

.

%
5
3
–

.

%
3
4
–

.

%
7
5
–

.

%
3
6
–

.

%
4
6
–

.

%
7
6
–

.

e
c
n
a
a
B

l

7
0
1
–

2
9
–

9
6
–

7
4
–

6
2
–

7
1
–

7
–

5

9
1

3
3

9
3

9
4

4
5

s
t
r
o
p
x
E

s
t
r
o
p
m

I

1
9
6
1

2
9
6
1

7
9
6
1

6
1
7
1

6
2
7
1

5
2
7
1

1
3
7
1

5
2
7
1

9
2
7
1

2
3
7
1

8
2
7
1

3
3
7
1

2
3
7
1

8
9
7
1

4
8
7
1

6
6
7
1

3
6
7
1

2
5
7
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2
4
7
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8
3
7
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0
2
7
1

0
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8
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9
8
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7
7
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3
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–
2
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3
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–
2
1
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3
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–
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A

3
1
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–
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M

3
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2
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J

3
1
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J
–
2
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l

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J

3
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–
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3
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3
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–
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t
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3
1
t
c
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–
2
1
v
o
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3
1
v
o
N
–
2
1
c
e
D

3
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–
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4
1
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–
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F

.

c
t
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S

48 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 merchandise trade with extra‑EU‑28, 
year‑on‑year growth and moving sums (%, billion EUR)

Year-on-year growth

% 
9
7

,

% 
4
7

,

% 
1
7

,

% 
7
7

,

% 
4
7

,

% 
5
3

,

% 
9
1

,

% 
6
0

,

% 
1
0

,

% 
0
6

,

% 
2
5

,

% 
7
3

,

% 
8
3

,

% 
1
3

,

% 
0
3

,

% 
4
2

,

% 
4
2

,

% 
7
0
–

,

% 
6
1
–

,

% 
1
2
–

,

Import growth 

Export growth 

% 
5
3
–

,

% 
3
4
–

,

% 
7
5
–

,

% 
3
6
–

,

% 
4
6
–

,

% 
7
6
–

,

Feb 12–
Jan 13 

Mar 12–
Feb 13 

Apr 12–
Mar 13 

May 12–
Apr 13 

Jun 12–
May 13 

Jul 12–
Jun 13 

Aug 12–
Jul 13 

Sep 12–
Aug 13 

Oct 12–
Sep 13 

Nov 12–
Oct 13 

Dec 12–
Nov 13

Jan 12–
Dec 13

Feb 13–
Jan 14 

12-month moving sums (billion EUR)

8
9
7
1

4
8
7
1

6
6
7
1

3
6
7
1

6
1
7
  1
7
9
6
1

1
9
6
1

2
9
6
1

2
5
7
1

2
4
7
1

5
2
7
1

6
2
7
1

8
3
7
1

1
3
7
1

Imports 

Exports 

5
2
7
1

0
2
7
1

9
2
7
1

0
1
7
1

8
9
6
1

2
3
7
1

8
2
7
1

3
3
7
1

2
3
7
1

9
8
6
1

3
8
6
1

7
7
6
1

Feb 12–
Jan 13 

Mar 12–
Feb 13 

Apr 12–
Mar 13 

May 12–
Apr 13 

Jun 12–
May 13 

Jul 12–
Jun 13 

Aug 12–
Jul 13 

Sep 12–
Aug 13 

Oct 12–
Sep 13 

Nov 12–
Oct 13 

Dec 12–
Nov 13

Jan 12–
Dec 13

Feb 13–
Jan 14 

Source: Eurostat.

48 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) trade of commercial services with 
extra‑EU‑28 (*) by type (billion EUR, %)

Exports

Imports

Value 
2012

Share 
in total 
2012

Variation 
2012–11

Annual 
average 
growth 
rate 
2012‑04

Value 

2012

Share in 

total 2012

Variation 

2012–11

Trade 

balance

2012

Annual 

average 

growth 

rate 

2012‑04

TOTAL

654�6

100

8�7 %

7�7 %

502�4

100

6�4 %

5�9 %

152�3

EBOPS (**)

Transport

143.7

21.9 %

5.9 %

5.5 %

117.5

23.4 %

4.4 %

4.8 %

26.1

Travel

95.4

14.6 %

12.6 %

4.5 %

90.6

18.0 %

3.3 %

1.4 %

Communication 
services

Construction 
services

Insurance 
services

Financial 
services

Computer and 
information 
services

Royalties and 
licence fees

Other business 
services

Personal, 
cultural and 
recreational 
services

21.2

3.2 %

24.8 %

14.4 %

17.8

3.5 %

19.3 %

10.9 %

16.6

2.5 %

1.0 %

7.9 %

7.9

1.6 %

4.9 %

3.6 %

23.9

3.7 %

1.8 %

12.0 %

10.9

2.2 %

0.4 %

4.1 %

53.4

8.2 %

6.4 %

7.9 %

21.6

4.3 %

0.4 %

8.9 %

43.5

6.6 %

5.5 %

14.2 %

17.8

3.5 %

14.8 %

9.8 %

25.7

40.0

6.1 %

2.1 %

10.0 %

48.1

9.6 %

4.5 %

6.7 %

– 8.1

208.4

31.8 %

11.5 %

8.7 %

144.7

28.8 %

7.7 %

8.0 %

63.8

8.4

1.3 %

13.2 %

4.9 %

6.3

1.2 %

1.9 %

– 0.2 %

2.2

Other (***)

0.1

0.02 %

– 3.1 %

—

19.2

3.8 %

28.4 %

—

– 19.0

4.8

3.4

8.7

13.0

31.7

(*) EU-27 data before 2010.
(**) EBOPS: extended balance of payments services classification.
(***) ‘Other’ refers mainly to ‘services not allocated’.

50 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

51

 
Exports

Imports

Value 

2012

Share 

in total 

2012

Variation 

2012–11

Annual 

average 

growth 

rate 

2012‑04

Value 
2012

Share in 
total 2012

Variation 
2012–11

Trade 
balance

2012

Annual 
average 
growth 
rate 
2012‑04

TOTAL

654�6

100

8�7 %

7�7 %

502�4

100

6�4 %

5�9 %

152�3

EBOPS (**)

Communication 

services

Construction 

services

Insurance 

services

Financial 

services

Computer and 

information 

services

Royalties and 

licence fees

Other business 

services

Personal, 

cultural and 

recreational 

services

Transport

143.7

21.9 %

5.9 %

5.5 %

117.5

23.4 %

4.4 %

4.8 %

26.1

Travel

95.4

14.6 %

12.6 %

4.5 %

90.6

18.0 %

3.3 %

1.4 %

21.2

3.2 %

24.8 %

14.4 %

17.8

3.5 %

19.3 %

10.9 %

16.6

2.5 %

1.0 %

7.9 %

7.9

1.6 %

4.9 %

3.6 %

23.9

3.7 %

1.8 %

12.0 %

10.9

2.2 %

0.4 %

4.1 %

53.4

8.2 %

6.4 %

7.9 %

21.6

4.3 %

0.4 %

8.9 %

4.8

3.4

8.7

13.0

31.7

43.5

6.6 %

5.5 %

14.2 %

17.8

3.5 %

14.8 %

9.8 %

25.7

40.0

6.1 %

2.1 %

10.0 %

48.1

9.6 %

4.5 %

6.7 %

– 8.1

208.4

31.8 %

11.5 %

8.7 %

144.7

28.8 %

7.7 %

8.0 %

63.8

8.4

1.3 %

13.2 %

4.9 %

6.3

1.2 %

1.9 %

– 0.2 %

2.2

Other (***)

0.1

0.02 %

– 3.1 %

—

19.2

3.8 %

28.4 %

—

– 19.0

Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

50 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

51

 
EU‑28 exports of commercial services 
to extra‑EU‑28 by type, 2012 shares (%)

Transport
21.9 %

Travel
14.6 %

Communication 
services
3.2 %

Other
0 %

Construction 
services
2.5 %

Insurance
services
3.7 %

Other business
services
31.8 %

Computer and
information
services
6.6 %

Personal, cultural 
and recreational 
services
1.3 %

Royalties and
licence fees
6.1 %

Financial
services
8.2 %

Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

52 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

53

EU‑28 imports of commercial services from 
extra‑EU‑28 by type, 2012 shares (%)

Transport
23.4 %

Travel
18 %

Communication 
services
3.5 %

Other
3.8 %

Construction 
services
1.6 %

Insurance
services
2.2 %

Other business
services
28.8 %

Computer and
information
services
3.5 %

Personal, cultural 
and recreational 
services
1.2 %

Royalties and
licence fees
9.6 %

Financial
services
4.3 %

Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

52 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

53

EU‑28 (*) exports of commercial services 
to extra‑EU‑28 (*) by type (billion EUR)

2
1
0
2

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6
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54 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) imports of commercial services from 
extra‑EU‑28 (*) by type (billion EUR)

2
1
0
2

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4
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54 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 trade balance in goods 
by partner (billion EUR)

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.

7
9
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4
0

.

.

6
2
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.

4
0
1

1
1

.

.

6
1
1
–

7
8

.

.

5
2
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.

6
9
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5

.

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9
0
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9
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7
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0
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9
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.

6
7

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.

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3
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2
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9
0
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5
8
4

0
8

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8
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2
4
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2
8

.

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3
5
6

8
8

.

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7
7
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7
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0
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5

.

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2
2
8

6
8

.

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6
7

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7
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3
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3
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1

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7
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7
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3
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2

.

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6
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1
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5
2
2
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.

1
4
3
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5
5
3
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.

7
3
3
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6
0
3
–

a
n
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r
A

a

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l

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A

a
d
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B

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a
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n
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y
e
k
r
u
T

s
e
t
a
t
S

d
e
t
i
n
U

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

56 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 trade balance in goods with 
selected countries (billion EUR)

s
e
t
a
t
S

d
e
t
i
n
U

3
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

a
i
s
s
u
R

0
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

n
a
p
a
J

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a
d
n
I

8
0
0
2

i

a
n
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C

l
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a
r
B

7
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

0
0
1

0
5

0

0
5
-

0
0
1
-

0
5
1
-

0
0
2
-

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

56 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) trade balance in commercial services 
by partner (billion EUR)

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

8
0
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7
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9

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1

.

3
1

.

2
9

.

9
3

.

.

1
4
1

3
3

.

1
5

.

.

4
4
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1
4
1

3
1

.

0
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3
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1

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1

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8
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2

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5
0

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3

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5
2

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7
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3

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5
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5
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8
6
–

8
2
-
U
E
-
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e
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S

d
e
t
i
n
U

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

58 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) trade balance in commercial services 
with selected countries (billion EUR)

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

s
e
t
a
t
S

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e
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9
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l
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8
0
0
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0
0
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6
0
0
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0
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1

4
1

2
1

0
1

202468
-

4
-

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

58 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) trade balance in goods and 
commercial services by partner (billion EUR)

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

9
0
0
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8
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f
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d
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n
U

(*) EU‑27 data for services before 2010.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos: 
bop_its_det).

60 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) trade balance in goods and commercial 
services with selected countries (billion EUR)

s
e
t
a
t
S

d
e
t
i
n
U

a
i
s
s
u
R

2
1
0
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1
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0
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9
0
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2

n
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8
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0
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1

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5
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0
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1
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0
5
1
-

0
0
2
-

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

60 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU‑28 goods’ export/import ratio 
by partner (imports = 100)

3
1
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4
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1

.

2
3
2
1

.

6
7
5
1

8
2
-
U
E
-
a
r
t
x
E

a
n
i
t
n
e
g
r
A

a

i
l

a
r
t
s
u
A

a
d
a
n
a
C

l
i
z
a
r
B

i

a
n
h
C

i

a
d
n
I

a
i
s
e
n
o
d
n
I

n
a
p
a
J

o
c
i
x
e
M

a
i
s
s
u
R

i

a
b
a
r
A

i

d
u
a
S

a
c
i
r
f
A
h
t
u
o
S

a
e
r
o
K
h
t
u
o
S

y
e
k
r
u
T

s
e
t
a
t
S

d
e
t
i
n
U

Ratio = exports/imports*100 
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

62 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

63

 
 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) commercial services’ export/import 
ratio by partner (imports = 100)

2
1
0
2

�

3
0
3
1

.

8
0
6
1

.

3
5
3
2

.

2
3
1
2

.

2
6
6
1

.

2
7
4
1

.

3
0
1
1

.

1
9
6
1

.

3
9
5
1

.

4
9
1
2

.

4
3
9
1

.

8
1
7
1

.

2
0
1
2

.

2
9
6

.

5
9
0
1

1
1
0
2

�

6
7
2
1

.

5
9
5
1

.

9
2
2
2

.

6
8
7
1

.

3
6
6
1

.

5
0
4
1

.

0
7
0
1

.

9
1
5
1

.

6
1
4
1

.

2
3
0
2

.

9
0
7
1

.

7
5
6
1

.

9
0
0
2

.

4
5
6

.

9
4
0
1

0
1
0
2

�

1
4
2
1

.

2
7
5
1

.

2
3
2
2

.

3
5
7
1

.

0
5
4
1

.

2
6
3
1

.

8
1
2
1

.

9
3
7
1

.

4
3
3
1

.

9
9
6
1

.

4
1
7
1

.

1
9
4
1

.

3
4
8
1

.

1
0
6

.

5
2
0
1

9
0
0
2

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6
9
1
1

.

4
3
3
1

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7
9
1
2

.

6
7
5
1

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3
2
5
1

.

5
4
3
1

.

1
2
2
1

.

6
8
6
1

.

8
9
3
1

.

0
5
6
1

.

7
2
6
1

.

1
2
4
1

.

2
1
7
1

.

1
8
5

.

8
8
9

8
0
0
2

�

9
5
1
1

.

9
4
2
1

.

2
2
9
1

.

6
0
6
1

.

6
6
2
1

.

1
3
3
1

.

3
8
0
1

.

0
8
5
1

.

2
1
2
1

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7
4
3
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7
3
5
1

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6
1
4
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9
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2
3
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5
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1

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0
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2

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8
0
2
1

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8
4
2
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2
6
6
1

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3
2
4
1

.

6
3
2
1

.

1
8
1
1

.

6
8
1
1

.

8
6
7
1

.

4
3
4
1

.

5
4
4
1

.

5
0
6
1

.

6
1
4
1

.

8
2
7
1

.

5
6
5

.

0
7
0
1

6
0
0
2

�

6
8
1
1

.

7
3
1
1

.

6
6
5
1

.

2
0
2
1

.

8
4
2
1

.

8
5
1
1

.

4
5
2
1

.

3
8
2
1

.

2
2
4
1

.

2
6
6
1

.

0
8
3
1

.

6
8
2
1

.

6
2
6
1

.

3
4
5

.

6
6
0
1

5
0
0
2

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0
5
1
1

.

7
5
1
1

.

1
5
4
1

.

1
9
1
1

.

3
2
2
1

.

8
5
2
1

.

5
3
0
1

.

3
2
1
1

.

8
7
5
1

.

9
3
3
1

.

0
7
2
1

.

3
5
2
1

.

4
4
5
1

.

9
0
4

.

6
3
0
1

8
2
-
U
E
-
a
r
t
x
E

a
n
i
t
n
e
g
r
A

a

i
l

a
r
t
s
u
A

a
d
a
n
a
C

l
i
z
a
r
B

i

a
n
h
C

i

a
d
n
I

a
i
s
e
n
o
d
n
I

n
a
p
a
J

o
c
i
x
e
M

a
i
s
s
u
R

a
c
i
r
f
A
h
t
u
o
S

a
e
r
o
K
h
t
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S

y
e
k
r
u
T

s
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t
a
t
S

d
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t
i
n
U

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Ratio = exports/imports*100 
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos, online data code: bop_its_det).

62 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

63

 
 
 
EU‑28 (*) goods and commercial services’ 
export/import ratio by partner (imports = 100)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Extra-EU-28

94�6

91�8

93�2

89�9

96�4

96�4

98�0

101�6

Extra-EU-28

Argentina

71.5

74.6

79.2

68.0

71.8

93.8

91.5

99.9

Argentina

Australia

186.1

163.1

173.8

193.2

220.6

218.9

213.2

234.1

Australia

Brazil

73.8

72.8

74.5

86.1

97.1

106.2

103.9

121.5

Brazil

Canada

128.6

125.8

110.1

108.3

124.9

118.4

113.8

119.4

Canada

China

India

37.5

37.5

35.7

37.3

44.2

45.5

51.7

55.6

109.6

110.8

111.4

106.4

111.1

108.1

102.6

104.5

Indonesia

50.0

48.1

53.0

53.4

57.5

57.9

56.0

74.4

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

73.1

69.6

68.4

66.9

76.1

77.6

82.4

100.1

Japan

171.0

178.1

166.1

152.3

159.0

157.7

150.0

154.9

Mexico

55.8

56.8

68.0

65.0

64.4

62.5

61.5

66.3

Russia

South Africa

108.0

103.9

100.8

93.2

94.3

114.6

128.1

133.3

South Africa

South Korea

68.2

65.9

70.0

75.0

77.4

82.6

101.8

111.4

South Korea

Turkey

United 
States

103.4

105.8

100.2

103.7

106.7

123.9

131.5

136.4

134.9

135.6

129.8

121.0

116.6

123.6

123.7

128.3

China

India

Turkey

United 

States

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
Ratio = exports/imports*100 
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); 
Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

64 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

65

 
 
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Extra-EU-28

94�6

91�8

93�2

89�9

96�4

96�4

98�0

101�6

Extra-EU-28

Argentina

71.5

74.6

79.2

68.0

71.8

93.8

91.5

99.9

Argentina

Australia

186.1

163.1

173.8

193.2

220.6

218.9

213.2

234.1

Australia

Brazil

73.8

72.8

74.5

86.1

97.1

106.2

103.9

121.5

Brazil

Canada

128.6

125.8

110.1

108.3

124.9

118.4

113.8

119.4

Canada

37.5

37.5

35.7

37.3

44.2

45.5

51.7

55.6

109.6

110.8

111.4

106.4

111.1

108.1

102.6

104.5

China

India

Indonesia

50.0

48.1

53.0

53.4

57.5

57.9

56.0

74.4

Indonesia

73.1

69.6

68.4

66.9

76.1

77.6

82.4

100.1

Japan

171.0

178.1

166.1

152.3

159.0

157.7

150.0

154.9

Mexico

55.8

56.8

68.0

65.0

64.4

62.5

61.5

66.3

Russia

South Africa

108.0

103.9

100.8

93.2

94.3

114.6

128.1

133.3

South Africa

South Korea

68.2

65.9

70.0

75.0

77.4

82.6

101.8

111.4

South Korea

103.4

105.8

100.2

103.7

106.7

123.9

131.5

136.4

134.9

135.6

129.8

121.0

116.6

123.6

123.7

128.3

Turkey

United 
States

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Turkey

United 

States

64 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

65

 
 
Imports

Share 

in EU 

2013

479�6

28�5

187.9

11.2

7.5

9.0

7.7

72.3

35.8

17.5

5.3

17.6

15.5

50.2

13.8

13.7

25.5

0.3

27.3

56.9

0.7

36.8

56.4

19.3

47.0

1.0

17.1

0.4

0.5

0.5

4.3

2.1

1.0

0.3

1.0

0.9

3.0

0.8

0.8

1.5

0.0

1.6

3.4

0.0

2.2

3.4

1.1

2.8

0.1

1.0

– 7�2

– 22.1

– 7.2

– 10.6

– 10.8

– 1.7

– 5.7

– 9.7

– 15.0

– 18.2

– 24.2

4.1

– 5.8

17.4

4.8

– 6�3

– 4.9

– 9.9

– 7.1

14.7

– 1.7

– 12.8

– 5.2

– 13.1

1.9

0.4

– 5.1

14.3

209.4 Western Balkans (*)

35�1

54.7

10.3

135.7

37.5

37.9

3.6

89.4

117.7

– 4.7

– 10.2

38.7

58.1

40.7

26�5

– 49.1

53.9

50.7

142.4

92.6

– 24.1

20.2

33.1

118.9

29.9

23.1

280.7

Concluded

Central America (*)

Chile

Colombia

EFTA (*) 

Euromed (*)

South Korea

Mexico

Peru

Singapore

South Africa

Turkey

Ukraine

EPAs (*)

Armenia

Canada

GCC (*)

Georgia

India

Japan

Malaysia

Mercosur (*)

Moldova

Thailand

United States

Vietnam

480�0

28�5

Future

196.0

21.3

11.6

1.3

EU‑28 merchandise trade with 
FTAs partners (billion EUR, %)

Exports

Partners

Value 
2013

Share 
in EU 
exports 
2013

Variation 
2013–12

Variation 
2013–05

Value 

2013

Variation 

Variation 

imports 

2013–12

2013–05

Partners

Concluded
Central America (*)
Chile
Colombia
EFTA (*)
Euromed (*)
South Korea
Mexico
Peru
Singapore
South Africa
Turkey
Ukraine
Western Balkans (*)
EPAs (*)

Future

Armenia
Canada
GCC (*)
Georgia
India
Japan
Malaysia
Mercosur (*)
Moldova
Thailand
United States
Vietnam

605�4
5.5
9.3
5.9
222.8
93.3
40.0
27.4
3.5
28.7
24.5
77.7
23.9
22.1
20.8
601�6
0.7
31.6
95.0
2.0
35.9
54.0
14.3
56.9
2.3
15.0
288.0
5.8

34�9
0.3
0.5
0.3
12.9
5.4
2.3
1.6
0.2
1.7
1.4
4.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
34�7
0.0
1.8
5.5
0.1
2.1
3.1
0.8
3.3
0.1
0.9
16.6
0.3

7�1
4.2
9.0
6.0
19.5
1.2
5.7
– 1.9
0.1
– 5.7
– 4.3
3.1
0.3
0.8
0.0
0�5
5.6
0.7
13.6
– 1.8
– 6.9
– 2.8
– 1.6
0.0
12.1
1.4
– 1.7
7.8

75�6
49.1
136.1
137.0
80.2
61.1
97.4
62.8
220.7
65.6
36.1
74.2
80.0
127.7
73.4
38�6
71.3
36.0
87.3
197.2
68.8
23.5
61.9
141.7
111.1
90.0
14.8
205.1

(*) Region or group’s members:
Central America includes Costa 
Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, 
Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama;
EFTA includes Iceland, 
Liechtenstein, Norway and 
Switzerland;
Euromed includes Algeria, Egypt, 
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, 
Palestine, Syria and Tunisia;
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 
includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, 
Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United 
Arab Emirates;

Mercosur includes Argentina, 
Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and 
Venezuela;
Western Balkans includes 
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 
the former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia 
and Kosovo.

Economic partnership 
agreements (EPAs) refers to the 
following countries/groups:
Cameroon;
Cariforum refers to the EPA with 
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, 

66 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

67

Partners

Value 

2013

Variation 

Variation 

exports 

2013–12

2013–05

Value 
2013

Exports

Share 

in EU 

2013

Imports

Share 
in EU 
imports 
2013

Variation 
2013–12

Variation 
2013–05

Partners

Concluded

605�4

34�9

Central America (*)

222.8

12.9

Western Balkans (*)

Future

601�6

34�7

5.5

9.3

5.9

93.3

40.0

27.4

3.5

28.7

24.5

77.7

23.9

22.1

20.8

0.7

31.6

95.0

2.0

35.9

54.0

14.3

56.9

2.3

15.0

0.3

0.5

0.3

5.4

2.3

1.6

0.2

1.7

1.4

4.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

0.0

1.8

5.5

0.1

2.1

3.1

0.8

3.3

0.1

0.9

7�1

4.2

9.0

6.0

19.5

1.2

5.7

– 1.9

0.1

– 5.7

– 4.3

3.1

0.3

0.8

0.0

0�5

5.6

0.7

13.6

– 1.8

– 6.9

– 2.8

– 1.6

0.0

12.1

1.4

– 1.7

7.8

75�6

49.1

136.1

137.0

220.7

80.2

61.1

97.4

62.8

65.6

36.1

74.2

80.0

127.7

73.4

38�6

71.3

36.0

87.3

197.2

68.8

23.5

61.9

141.7

111.1

90.0

14.8

205.1

288.0

5.8

16.6

0.3

Chile

Colombia

EFTA (*)

Euromed (*)

South Korea

Mexico

Peru

Singapore

South Africa

Turkey

Ukraine

EPAs (*)

Armenia

Canada

GCC (*)

Georgia

India

Japan

Malaysia

Mercosur (*)

Moldova

Thailand

United States

Vietnam

479�6
7.5
9.0
7.7
187.9
72.3
35.8
17.5
5.3
17.6
15.5
50.2
13.8
13.7
25.5
480�0
0.3
27.3
56.9
0.7
36.8
56.4
19.3
47.0
1.0
17.1
196.0
21.3

28�5
0.4
0.5
0.5
11.2
4.3
2.1
1.0
0.3
1.0
0.9
3.0
0.8
0.8
1.5
28�5
0.0
1.6
3.4
0.0
2.2
3.4
1.1
2.8
0.1
1.0
11.6
1.3

– 7�2
– 22.1
– 7.2
– 10.6
– 10.8
– 1.7
– 5.7
– 9.7
– 15.0
– 18.2
– 24.2
4.1
– 5.8
17.4
4.8
– 6�3
– 4.9
– 9.9
– 7.1
14.7
– 1.7
– 12.8
– 5.2
– 13.1
1.9
0.4
– 5.1
14.3

35�1
54.7
10.3
135.7
37.5
37.9
3.6
89.4
117.7
– 4.7
– 10.2
38.7
58.1

Concluded
Central America (*)
Chile
Colombia
EFTA (*) 
Euromed (*)
South Korea
Mexico
Peru
Singapore
South Africa
Turkey
Ukraine
209.4 Western Balkans (*)
EPAs (*)

40.7
26�5
– 49.1
53.9
50.7
142.4
92.6
– 24.1
20.2
33.1
118.9
29.9
23.1
280.7

Future

Armenia
Canada
GCC (*)
Georgia
India
Japan
Malaysia
Mercosur (*)
Moldova
Thailand
United States
Vietnam

Barbados, Belize, Dominica, 
Dominican Republic, Grenada, 
Guyana, Haiti,
Jamaica, Saint Christopher and 
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent 
and the Grenadines, Suriname, 
and Trinidad and Tobago;
Eastern African Community 
(EAC) refers to the EPA with 
Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania 
and Uganda;
Eastern and Southern Africa 
(ESA) refers to the EPA with 
Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, 
Seychelles, Zimbabwe and Zambia;

Pacific refers to the EPA with Fiji 
and Papua New Guinea;
Southern African Development 
Community (SADC) refers to 
the EPA with Botswana, Lesotho, 
Mozambique, Namibia and 
Swaziland;
West Africa refers to the EPA 
with Ivory Coast and Ghana.

Sources: Eurostat (Comext, 
statistical regime 4).

66 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

67

EU‑28 merchandise trade by statistical regime, 
selected partners, 2013 (billion EUR, %)

Exports

Partners

All 
statistical 
regimes

Normal

Inward 
processing

Outward 
processing

Partners

statistical 

Normal

Inward 

Outward 

processing

processing

Value

Extra-EU-28

1 733�0

1 544�8

171�7

13�2

Extra-EU-28

1 683�3

1 576�1

69�8

13�8

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Turkey

Japan

Norway
United Arab 
Emirates
Brazil

South Korea

Extra-EU-28

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Turkey

Japan

Norway
United Arab 
Emirates
Brazil

South Korea

288.0

169.6

148.1

119.8

77.7

54.0

50.2

44.6

40.1

40.0

100

16.6

9.8

8.5

6.9

4.5

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.3

231.6

165.1

123.7

109.4

76.3

45.3

45.2

40.6

36.3

34.4

Partner share

100

15.0

10.7

8.0

7.1

4.9

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

49.0

3.8

24.0

10.3

1.4

8.3

4.2

4.0

3.8

5.1

100

28.5

2.2

14.0

6.0

0.8

4.8

2.5

2.3

2.2

3.0

Source: Eurostat (Comext).

6.8

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.5

100

51.8

1.9

2.6

0.8

0.3

3.0

0.5

0.2

0.1

3.7

All 

regimes

Imports

Value

279.9

206.5

196.0

274.8

192.7

163.6

Partner share

94.3

90.0

56.4

50.2

36.8

35.8

33.0

100

16.6

12.3

11.6

5.6

5.3

3.4

3.0

2.2

2.1

2.0

89.8

82.8

50.0

49.6

35.4

32.5

31.5

100

17.4

12.2

10.4

5.7

5.3

3.2

3.1

2.2

2.1

2.0

China

Russia

United States

Switzerland

Norway

Japan

Turkey

India

South Korea

Brazil

Extra-EU-28

China

Russia

United States

Switzerland

Norway

Japan

Turkey

India

South Korea

Brazil

4.5

3.2

27.6

4.2

1.9

4.3

0.5

1.0

1.7

1.5

100

6.4

4.6

39.5

6.0

2.8

6.2

0.8

1.4

2.4

2.2

0.4

0.2

4.8

0.2

0.1

2.1

0.0

0.4

1.1

0.0

100

3.2

1.1

34.7

1.6

0.5

15.3

0.2

2.8

7.9

0.1

68 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

69

Partners

All 

statistical 

Normal

regimes

Inward 

Outward 

processing

processing

Partners

All 
statistical 
regimes

Normal

Inward 
processing

Outward 
processing

Value

Extra-EU-28

1 733�0

1 544�8

171�7

13�2

Extra-EU-28

1 683�3

1 576�1

69�8

13�8

Imports

China

Russia

United States

Switzerland

Norway

Japan

Turkey

India

South Korea

Brazil

Extra-EU-28

China

Russia

United States

Switzerland

Norway

Japan

Turkey

India

South Korea

Brazil

279.9

206.5

196.0

94.3

90.0

56.4

50.2

36.8

35.8

33.0

274.8

192.7

163.6

89.8

82.8

50.0

49.6

35.4

32.5

31.5

Partner share

100

16.6

12.3

11.6

5.6

5.3

3.4

3.0

2.2

2.1

2.0

100

17.4

12.2

10.4

5.7

5.3

3.2

3.1

2.2

2.1

2.0

4.5

3.2

27.6

4.2

1.9

4.3

0.5

1.0

1.7

1.5

100

6.4

4.6

39.5

6.0

2.8

6.2

0.8

1.4

2.4

2.2

0.4

0.2

4.8

0.2

0.1

2.1

0.0

0.4

1.1

0.0

100

3.2

1.1

34.7

1.6

0.5

15.3

0.2

2.8

7.9

0.1

Exports

Value

288.0

169.6

148.1

119.8

231.6

165.1

123.7

109.4

77.7

54.0

50.2

44.6

40.1

40.0

100

16.6

9.8

8.5

6.9

4.5

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.3

76.3

45.3

45.2

40.6

36.3

34.4

100

15.0

10.7

8.0

7.1

4.9

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

Partner share

49.0

3.8

24.0

10.3

1.4

8.3

4.2

4.0

3.8

5.1

100

28.5

2.2

14.0

6.0

0.8

4.8

2.5

2.3

2.2

3.0

6.8

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.5

1.9

2.6

0.8

0.3

3.0

0.5

0.2

0.1

3.7

100

51.8

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Turkey

Japan

Norway

United Arab 

Emirates

Brazil

South Korea

Extra-EU-28

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Turkey

Japan

Norway

United Arab 

Emirates

Brazil

South Korea

68 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

69

EU‑28 trade in goods and commercial services by 
leading trade partners, 2013/12 (billion EUR, %)

Goods (2013)

Services (2012)

Rank

Leading 
suppliers 

Imports 

Share in EU 
imports

Cumulative 
share

Rank

Leading 

suppliers

Imports 

Share in EU 

Cumulative 

imports

share

All countries

1 683�4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

China

Russia

United States

Switzerland

Norway

Japan

Turkey

India

South Korea

10

Brazil

279.9

206.6

196.0

94.3

90.0

56.4

50.2

36.8

35.8

33.0

100

16.6 %

12.3 %

11.6 %

5.6 %

5.3 %

3.4 %

3.0 %

2.2 %

2.1 %

2.0 %

100

16.6 %  

28.9 %  

40.5 %  

46.1 %  

51.5 %  

54.8 %  

57.8 %  

60.0 %  

62.1 %  

64.1 %  

Rank

Leading 
clients

Exports

Share in EU 
exports

Cumulative 
share

Rank

Leading 

clients

Exports

Share in EU 

Cumulative 

exports

share

All countries

1 732�9

100

100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Turkey

Japan

Norway

United Arab 
Emirates

Brazil

10

South Korea

288.0

169.5

148.1

119.8

77.7

54.0

50.2

44.6

40.1

40.0

16.6 %

16.6 %  

9.8 %

8.5 %

6.9 %

4.5 %

3.1 %

2.9 %

26.4 %  

34.9 %  

41.9 %  

46.3 %  

49.5 %  

52.4 %  

2.6 %

54.9 %  

2.3 %

2.3 %

57.2 %  

59.6 %  

Sources: Eurostat (Comext, statistical regime 4); 
Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

10

Canada

All countries

United States

Switzerland

China

Japan

Russia

Turkey

Norway

Singapore

India

All countries

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Japan

Norway

Australia

Canada

Singapore

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Brazil

502�4

148.9

60.6

19.9

15.5

15.1

14.2

12.3

12.0

10.7

10.1

654�6

163.0

80.9

29.2

29.1

24.7

23.2

19.0

16.8

16.6

13.5

100

29.6 %

12.1 %

4.0 %

3.1 %

3.0 %

2.8 %

2.4 %

2.4 %

2.1 %

2.0 %

100

24.9 %

12.4 %

4.5 %

4.5 %

3.8 %

3.6 %

2.9 %

100

29.6 %

41.7 %

45.7 %

48.7 %

51.7 %

54.6 %

57.0 %

59.4 %

61.5 %

63.5 %

100

24.9 %

37.2 %

41.7 %

46.2 %

49.9 %

53.5 %

56.4 %

2.6 %

59.0 %

2.5 %

2.1 %

61.5 %

63.6 %

70 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

71

 
Goods (2013)

Services (2012)

Rank

Leading 

suppliers 

Imports 

Share in EU 

Cumulative 

imports

share

Rank

Leading 
suppliers

Imports 

Share in EU 
imports

Cumulative 
share

All countries

United States

Switzerland

China

Japan

Russia

Turkey

Norway

Singapore

India

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Canada

502�4

148.9

60.6

19.9

15.5

15.1

14.2

12.3

12.0

10.7

10.1

100

29.6 %

12.1 %

4.0 %

3.1 %

3.0 %

2.8 %

2.4 %

2.4 %

2.1 %

2.0 %

100

29.6 %

41.7 %

45.7 %

48.7 %

51.7 %

54.6 %

57.0 %

59.4 %

61.5 %

63.5 %

Rank

Leading 

clients

Exports

Share in EU 

Cumulative 

exports

share

Rank

Leading 
clients

Exports

Share in EU 
exports

Cumulative 
share

All countries

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Japan

Norway

Australia

Canada

Singapore

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Brazil

654�6

163.0

80.9

29.2

29.1

24.7

23.2

19.0

16.8

16.6

13.5

100

24.9 %

12.4 %

4.5 %

4.5 %

3.8 %

3.6 %

2.9 %

100

24.9 %

37.2 %

41.7 %

46.2 %

49.9 %

53.5 %

56.4 %

2.6 %

59.0 %

2.5 %

2.1 %

61.5 %

63.6 %

All countries

1 683�4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

China

Russia

United States

Switzerland

Norway

Japan

Turkey

India

South Korea

10

Brazil

United States

Switzerland

China

Russia

Turkey

Japan

Norway

United Arab 

Emirates

Brazil

10

South Korea

100

16.6 %

12.3 %

11.6 %

5.6 %

5.3 %

3.4 %

3.0 %

2.2 %

2.1 %

2.0 %

100

16.6 %  

28.9 %  

40.5 %  

46.1 %  

51.5 %  

54.8 %  

57.8 %  

60.0 %  

62.1 %  

64.1 %  

16.6 %

16.6 %  

9.8 %

8.5 %

6.9 %

4.5 %

3.1 %

2.9 %

26.4 %  

34.9 %  

41.9 %  

46.3 %  

49.5 %  

52.4 %  

2.6 %

54.9 %  

2.3 %

2.3 %

57.2 %  

59.6 %  

279.9

206.6

196.0

94.3

90.0

56.4

50.2

36.8

35.8

33.0

288.0

169.5

148.1

119.8

77.7

54.0

50.2

44.6

40.1

40.0

All countries

1 732�9

100

100

70 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE

71

 
SECTION 4 
TRADE BY 
MEMBER STATE

EU‑28 exports of goods to extra‑EU‑28 
by Member State (billion EUR)

Member State

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

EU-28

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

1 094�0 1 353�2 1 554�3 1 683�1 1 732�9

26.7

64.7

4.0

3.0

0.3

12.0

21.8

2.0

20.0

31.9

82.9

6.0

3.5

0.4

15.7

25.0

2.7

23.9

36.5

95.7

7.6

3.8

0.4

19.5

27.8

4.0

25.1

38.8

39.5

104.0

105.8

8.5

4.0

0.5

22.8

29.9

4.3

26.3

8.8

3.6

0.6

23.0

30.3

3.6

25.0

130.3

154.2

167.1

181.7

177.6

300.0

376.7

428.9

470.9

470.5

7.4

11.8

32.2

9.5

15.6

36.8

11.7

18.2

38.1

15.4

18.2

37.3

14.7

18.0

37.1

121.4

141.9

163.0

178.3

180.5

1.8

4.2

1.9

1.2

80.2

19.7

7.8

7.4

5.5

4.3

49.0

38.9

2.4

6.1

2.4

1.6

98.2

24.9

9.2

10.3

7.4

4.9

59.9

51.2

3.2

7.8

3.0

1.9

4.0

9.1

3.1

2.0

3.7

10.5

2.6

1.5

109.7

122.6

119.0

29.5

10.9

13.0

8.5

5.7

73.3

59.0

34.3

13.1

13.3

10.0

6.3

83.5

57.7

38.4

14.1

15.1

11.1

6.4

88.3

53.4

United Kingdom

114.4

148.1

181.2

183.0

230.1

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).
Inaccuracies in international trade in goods statistics at Member State 
level can arise because of the “Rotterdam effect”. Please refer to the 
Glossary for further details.

74 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE

75

EU‑28 imports of goods from extra‑EU‑28 
by Member State (billion EUR)

Member State

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

EU-28

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

1 235�6 1 532�1 1 728�3 1 798�3 1 683�4

22.1

75.4

6.7

5.7

1.5

16.5

17.9

1.4

15.2

26.4

91.1

8.0

6.0

1.9

23.9

18.9

1.9

18.6

31.1

32.7

32.2

108.4

110.8

114.3

9.5

6.2

1.9

27.7

20.3

3.0

23.3

10.5

10.4

6.1

1.7

27.1

20.9

2.8

22.1

5.5

1.4

25.3

21.8

2.5

19.7

123.2

145.4

168.7

172.9

165.3

234.6

292.1

329.0

332.2

316.5

22.0

17.3

15.5

24.0

21.3

14.8

23.5

22.3

14.6

26.6

21.7

16.2

24.8

21.3

14.6

125.4

164.5

184.2

177.5

160.6

1.7

5.4

5.2

0.8

2.1

7.7

3.7

1.1

2.6

9.9

3.8

1.2

2.9

10.5

4.9

1.2

2.7

10.8

4.2

1.3

Netherlands

161.8

208.0

231.1

251.9

239.3

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

29.3

11.0

10.4

10.0

4.7

79.1

27.5

39.2

13.8

12.8

13.7

6.2

45.4

15.6

14.9

15.3

7.1

50.0

15.8

14.4

15.8

7.0

48.5

15.7

13.4

15.8

7.5

101.1

116.5

120.2

114.5

37.0

40.5

41.8

37.5

United Kingdom

188.2

227.0

250.9

280.0

236.1

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).
Inaccuracies in international trade in goods statistics at Member State 
level can arise because of the “Rotterdam effect”. Please refer to the 
Glossary for further details.

74 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE

75

EU‑28 exports of commercial services to 
 extra‑EU‑28 by Member State (billion EUR)

Member State

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU-28 (*)

517�7

504�7

558�1

602�4

654�6

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

10.0

19.6

1.6

2.0

2.3

3.2

9.1

19.8

1.4

1.6

2.3

3.9

9.6

22.2

1.7

1.7

2.8

3.9

Denmark

25.7

20.5

24.3

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

:

:

54.1

81.0

:

:

68.4

78.3

:

:

66.9

88.5

:

12.1

14.0 **

4.2

23.7

32.3

1.5

1.3

4.2

24.7

28.7

1.3

1.0

4.8

29.2

31.0

1.4

1.3

10.2

22.6

1.8

1.8

:

4.1

25.8

:

:

75.1

93.4

13.6

4.9

34.0

34.3

1.6

1.8

11.2

25.8

2.0

2.1

3.1

4.6

29.1

1.4

:

76.3

103.3

13.0

5.1

38.8

38.4

1.8

2.2

Luxembourg

11.8

10.7

13.8

14.4

16.7

Malta

:

:

:

:

:

Netherlands

33.5

31.3

34.2

40.0

43.4

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

6.4

4.5

1.8

1.4

1.6

27.0

24.2

5.4

4.2

1.6

0.9

1.4

26.4

19.6

7.3

4.8

1.9

1.0

1.0

:

7.9

5.4

1.8

1.0

1.0

:

8.7

5.9

1.9

1.0

1.1

:

21.3

23.4

26.1

United Kingdom

114.6

111.9

123.7

131.7

141.8

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
(**) Extra‑EU‑27.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
(:) Not available (confidential data).
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

76 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE

77

EU‑28 imports of commercial services from 
extra‑EU‑28 by Member State (billion EUR)

Member State

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU-28 (*)

446�8

422�0

449�8

472�1

502�4

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

7.8

16.3

1.4

1.1

0.9

3.9

7.2

15.1

1.2

1.0

0.7

3.5

6.9

16.9

1.2

0.9

0.7

4.3

Denmark

18.9

16.3

18.0

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

:

:

45.4

84.7

:

4.2

36.3

37.3

0.9

1.2

8.3

:

:

:

52.9

76.7

:

3.5

36.0

31.4

0.7

1.0

7.5

:

:

:

53.4

86.0

:

3.3

39.5

31.9

0.7

1.1

9.1

:

7.0

16.2

1.1

0.7

:

4.5

18.9

:

:

59.8

90.8

:

3.5

40.8

31.8

0.8

1.3

7.9

18.3

1.2

0.9

1.0

4.6

20.5

0.6

:

58.2

100.6

:

3.4

41.7

31.9

0.8

1.4

10.0

11.0

:

:

Netherlands

35.3

37.3

39.0

43.5

48.1

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

4.6

3.0

2.1

1.0

1.4

23.4

13.6

65.9

3.8

2.8

1.9

0.7

1.2

20.3

12.5

59.0

5.0

3.1

1.5

0.7

0.7

:

4.9

3.3

1.6

0.7

0.7

:

5.2

2.8

1.7

0.7

0.8

:

13.5

62.0

15.2

62.6

16.6

67.3

(*) EU‑27 data before 2010.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
(:) Not available (confidential data).
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det).

76 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE

77

Intra‑EU merchandise trade 
by Member State, 2013 (%)

Member State

Share of intra-EU 
imports in total 
imports 

Share of intra-EU 
exports in total 
exports

Member State

Share of MS in 

total intra-EU 

imports 

Share of MS in 

total intra-EU 

exports

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

76.5

66.3

59.7

65.1

70.4

76.6

70.2

81.7

66.2

67.7

64.6

47.1

71.7

70.4

55.3

79.8

59.3

79.0

69.6

46.2

68.6

72.2

75.7

74.3

70.2

55.1

68.8

52.1

70.0

70.1

60.2

59.2

58.9

81.1

63.8

71.0

55.2

59.3

57.0

46.5

77.9

56.9

53.7

66.4

57.4

81.0

42.6

76.2

74.8

70.3

69.6

82.9

74.9

63.0

57.7

43.6

Czech Republic

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

12.6

20.9

3.8

8.2

0.6

0.4

0.1

3.0

1.9

0.4

1.4

0.8

2.0

1.3

7.2

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.1

7.4

3.8

1.5

1.5

1.7

0.6

5.1

3.0

9.3

22.0

3.2

8.7

0.5

0.2

0.0

3.5

1.9

0.3

1.1

9.1

0.5

2.2

1.7

7.4

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.0

4.0

1.2

1.2

1.9

0.7

5.3

2.6

6.3

13.4

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).
Inaccuracies in international trade in goods statistics at Member State 
level can arise because of the “Rotterdam effect”. Please refer to the 
Glossary for further details.

78 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE

79

Member State

Share of intra-EU 

Share of intra-EU 

imports in total 

exports in total 

imports 

exports

Member State

Share of MS in 
total intra-EU 
imports 

Share of MS in 
total intra-EU 
exports

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

76.5

66.3

59.7

65.1

70.4

76.6

70.2

81.7

66.2

67.7

64.6

47.1

71.7

70.4

55.3

79.8

59.3

79.0

69.6

46.2

68.6

72.2

75.7

74.3

70.2

55.1

68.8

52.1

70.0

70.1

60.2

59.2

58.9

81.1

63.8

71.0

55.2

59.3

57.0

46.5

77.9

56.9

53.7

66.4

57.4

81.0

42.6

76.2

74.8

70.3

69.6

82.9

74.9

63.0

57.7

43.6

Czech Republic

Czech Republic

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

Inaccuracies in international trade in goods statistics at Member State 

level can arise because of the “Rotterdam effect”. Please refer to the 

Glossary for further details.

3.8

8.2

0.6

0.4

0.1

3.0

1.9

0.4

1.4

12.6

20.9

0.8

2.0

1.3

7.2

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.1

7.4

3.8

1.5

1.5

1.7

0.6

5.1

3.0

9.3

3.2

8.7

0.5

0.2

0.0

3.5

1.9

0.3

1.1

9.1

22.0

0.5

2.2

1.7

7.4

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.0

13.4

4.0

1.2

1.2

1.9

0.7

5.3

2.6

6.3

78 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE

79

SECTION 5 
SUPPORTING 
STATISTICS

Bound and applied import duties — simple 
averages (*)

All 
products

Agricultural 

products

Non-agricultural 

products

Bound

Applied

Bound

Applied

Bound

Applied

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

United States

31.9

10.0

31.4

6.9

10.0

48.6

37.1

5.2

36.1

7.8

11.3

19.0

16.6

28.6

3.5

12.5

2.7

13.5

4.3

9.6

13.7

7.0

4.6

7.8

10.0

5.1

7.6

13.3

9.6

3.4

EU-28

5.2

5.5

13.7

13.2

3.9

(*) Simple average of ad valorem duties or, where available, ad valorem 
equivalents (AVEs).
Applied tariffs: 2012, except China and Turkey (2011).
Source: WTO.

82 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

83

113.1

32.6

3.5

35.4

17.5

15.8

47.0

22.1

44.5

11.2

17.1

39.6

56.1

61.0

4.7

10.5

1.2

10.1

16.2

15.6

33.5

7.9

16.6

21.2

13.3

6.2

8.4

52.7

41.2

4.7

31.8

11.0

30.8

5.3

9.1

34.5

35.6

2.6

34.8

7.2

10.5

15.8

10.2

17.0

3.3

12.8

2.9

14.1

2.4

8.7

10.4

6.9

2.6

5.8

9.4

5.0

7.4

6.8

4.8

3.2

4.2

 
 
All 

products

Agricultural 
products

Non-agricultural 
products

Bound

Applied

Bound

Applied

Bound

Applied

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

South Korea

Turkey

United States

31.9

10.0

31.4

6.9

10.0

48.6

37.1

5.2

36.1

7.8

11.3

19.0

16.6

28.6

3.5

12.5

2.7

13.5

4.3

9.6

13.7

7.0

4.6

7.8

10.0

5.1

7.6

13.3

9.6

3.4

32.6

3.5

35.4

17.5

15.8

113.1

47.0

22.1

44.5

11.2

17.1

39.6

56.1

61.0

4.7

10.5

1.2

10.1

16.2

15.6

33.5

7.9

16.6

21.2

13.3

6.2

8.4

52.7

41.2

4.7

31.8

11.0

30.8

5.3

9.1

34.5

35.6

2.6

34.8

7.2

10.5

15.8

10.2

17.0

3.3

EU-28

5.2

5.5

13.7

13.2

3.9

12.8

2.9

14.1

2.4

8.7

10.4

6.9

2.6

5.8

9.4

5.0

7.4

6.8

4.8

3.2

4.2

82 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

83

 
 
GDP (current price, billion EUR)

Country

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

World

37 174�1 39 857�3 41 171�0 42 033�9

42 014�3 48 269�4 50 849�4 56 208�3

World

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

145.8

169.2

189.8

220.6

219.2

277.3

319.4

369.9

Argentina

587.4

619.6

689.8

714.8

712.2

940.8

1 070.6

1 200.0

Australia

709.0

867.5

997.3

1 124.2

1 163.1

1 616.4

1 777.8

1 753.7

935.8

1 044.0

1 063.8

1 048.8

982.8

1 217.5

1 277.8

1 417.7

1 814.1

2 160.7

2 549.6

3 073.1

3 578.0

4 473.4

5 260.0

6 398.7

670.5

755.9

903.7

831.7

978.9

1 290.6

1 345.4

1 433.5

Indonesia

229.7

290.2

315.3

347.3

386.3

535.2

607.9

683.8

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

3 674.8

3 469.9

3 178.7

3 297.0

3 609.9

4 145.3

4 235.8

4 639.1

699.1

769.2

760.8

748.3

641.4

789.6

833.9

916.4

613.9

788.4

948.3

1 129.2

876.6

1 150.3

1 364.3

1 579.9

Saudi Arabia

264.0

300.2

303.5

353.4

307.6

397.4

481.0

553.4

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

198.5

208.0

208.5

185.9

204.5

274.0

289.0

299.1

South Africa

South Korea

679.1

758.0

765.6

633.3

598.0

765.6

800.6

879.2

South Korea

Turkey

388.2

422.8

472.2

496.5

440.6

551.5

556.6

613.6

Turkey

United States

10 526.0 11 036.9 10 565.7 10 008.3

10 336.9 11 283.3 11 159.4 12 643.7

United States

EU-28

France

11 139�4 11 765�1 12 471�3 12 550�1

11 796�5 12 346�0 12 705�9 12 977�4

1 720.3

1 798.2

1 887.0

1 934.4

1 883.1

1 938.5

2 000.5

2 034.5

Germany

2 227.4

2 314.0

2 428.7

2 475.3

2 370.8

2 497.2

2 608.8

2 669.3

Germany

Italy

1 438.3

1 493.1

1 554.4

1 576.1

1 517.5

1 553.3

1 577.8

1 567.6

Italy

United Kingdom

1 868.2

1 980.4

2 085.5

1 842.2

1 589.8

1 732.6

1 770.6

1 927.7 United Kingdom

Source: IMF (World Economic Outlook, October 2013); euro/dollar exchange 
rate from Eurostat.

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

EU-28

France

84 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

85

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Country

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

World

37 174�1 39 857�3 41 171�0 42 033�9

42 014�3 48 269�4 50 849�4 56 208�3

World

145.8

169.2

189.8

220.6

219.2

277.3

319.4

369.9

Argentina

587.4

619.6

689.8

714.8

712.2

940.8

1 070.6

1 200.0

Australia

709.0

867.5

997.3

1 124.2

1 163.1

1 616.4

1 777.8

1 753.7

935.8

1 044.0

1 063.8

1 048.8

982.8

1 217.5

1 277.8

1 417.7

1 814.1

2 160.7

2 549.6

3 073.1

3 578.0

4 473.4

5 260.0

6 398.7

670.5

755.9

903.7

831.7

978.9

1 290.6

1 345.4

1 433.5

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Indonesia

229.7

290.2

315.3

347.3

386.3

535.2

607.9

683.8

Indonesia

3 674.8

3 469.9

3 178.7

3 297.0

3 609.9

4 145.3

4 235.8

4 639.1

699.1

769.2

760.8

748.3

641.4

789.6

833.9

916.4

613.9

788.4

948.3

1 129.2

876.6

1 150.3

1 364.3

1 579.9

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

264.0

300.2

303.5

353.4

307.6

397.4

481.0

553.4

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

198.5

208.0

208.5

185.9

204.5

274.0

289.0

299.1

South Africa

South Korea

679.1

758.0

765.6

633.3

598.0

765.6

800.6

879.2

South Korea

Turkey

388.2

422.8

472.2

496.5

440.6

551.5

556.6

613.6

Turkey

United States

10 526.0 11 036.9 10 565.7 10 008.3

10 336.9 11 283.3 11 159.4 12 643.7

United States

EU-28

France

11 139�4 11 765�1 12 471�3 12 550�1

11 796�5 12 346�0 12 705�9 12 977�4

1 720.3

1 798.2

1 887.0

1 934.4

1 883.1

1 938.5

2 000.5

2 034.5

EU-28

France

Germany

2 227.4

2 314.0

2 428.7

2 475.3

2 370.8

2 497.2

2 608.8

2 669.3

Germany

Italy

1 438.3

1 493.1

1 554.4

1 576.1

1 517.5

1 553.3

1 577.8

1 567.6

Italy

United Kingdom

1 868.2

1 980.4

2 085.5

1 842.2

1 589.8

1 732.6

1 770.6

1 927.7 United Kingdom

84 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

85

Share in world GDP (PPP, %)

Country

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

World

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Argentina

0.7

0.7

:

:

:

:

:

:

Australia

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

Brazil

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

Canada

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

China

India

9.3

9.9 10.8 11.5 12.7 13.3 14.0 14.7

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.8

5.2

5.5

5.6

5.6

Indonesia

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

Japan

6.7

6.5

6.3

6.1

5.8

5.8

5.5

5.5

Mexico

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

Russia

Saudi 
Arabia
South 
Africa
South 
Korea

Turkey

United 
States

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.0

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

22.6 22.1 21.4 20.8 20.3 19.9 19.5 19.4

EU-27

23�0 22�6 22�3 21�8 21�0 20�4 20�0 19�3

France

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

Germany

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.9

Italy

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

United 
Kingdom

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

(:) Not available.
PPP: constant 2005 international USD.
Source: World Bank (World Development Indicators).

86 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

87

Share in world GDP 
of selected countries (PPP, %) 

s
e
t
a
t
S

d
e
t
i
n
U

a
i
s
s
u
R

n
a
p
a
J

i

a
d
n
I

7
2
-
U
E

i

a
n
h
C

l
i
z
a
r
B

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

5
2

0
2

5
1

0
1

5

0

PPP: constant 2005 international USD.
Source: World Bank (World Development Indicators).

86 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GDP per capita (PPP)

Country

World

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

8 926

9 271

9 635

9 765

9 583

9 945

10 202

10 396

World

Argentina

10 843

11 658

:

:

:

:

:

:

Argentina

Australia

32 526

33 024

33 757

34 425

34 359

34 621

35 053

35 669

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

India

8 502

8 745

9 187

9 573

9 456

10 079

10 264

10 264

Brazil

35 033

35 730

36 127

35 950

34 530

35 223

35 739

35 936

Canada

4 115

4 611

5 239

5 712

6 207

6 819

7 418

7 958

2 234

2 406

2 606

2 672

2 861

3 122

3 277

3 341

Indonesia

3 141

3 267

3 425

3 581

3 695

3 873

4 072

4 272

Indonesia

Japan

Mexico

Russia

30 441

30 961

31 636

31 323

29 625

31 030

30 764

31 425

12 017

12 462

12 695

12 711

11 962

12 412

12 747

13 067

11 853

12 878

14 016

14 767

13 616

14 182

14 731

15 177

Saudi Arabia

20 680

21 247

22 048

23 497

23 543

24 864

26 506

27 346

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

8 597

8 977

9 372

9 605

9 357

9 516

9 730

9 860

South Africa

South Korea

22 783

23 847

24 948

25 339

25 299

26 774

27 554

27 991

South Korea

Turkey

11 532

12 169

12 577

12 504

11 754

12 671

13 609

13 737

Turkey

United States

44 314

45 059

45 431

44 873

43 234

43 952

44 439

45 336 United States

EU-27

France

26 787

27 625

28 426

28 476

27 114

27 578

27 981

27 818

29 453

29 970

30 466

30 271

29 168

29 522

29 963

29 819

Germany

31 115

32 302

33 403

33 829

32 170

33 512

34 620

34 819

Germany

Italy

United 
Kingdom

28 280

28 738

29 008

28 454

26 729

27 059

27 081

26 310

33 324

34 032

34 973

34 474

32 471

32 766

32 878

32 671

PPP: constant 2005 international USD.
Source: World Bank (World Development Indicators).

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

EU-27

France

Italy

United 

Kingdom

88 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

89

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Country

8 926

9 271

9 635

9 765

9 583

9 945

10 202

10 396

World

Argentina

10 843

11 658

:

:

:

:

:

:

Argentina

Australia

32 526

33 024

33 757

34 425

34 359

34 621

35 053

35 669

Australia

8 502

8 745

9 187

9 573

9 456

10 079

10 264

10 264

Brazil

35 033

35 730

36 127

35 950

34 530

35 223

35 739

35 936

Canada

4 115

4 611

5 239

5 712

6 207

6 819

7 418

7 958

2 234

2 406

2 606

2 672

2 861

3 122

3 277

3 341

China

India

Indonesia

3 141

3 267

3 425

3 581

3 695

3 873

4 072

4 272

Indonesia

30 441

30 961

31 636

31 323

29 625

31 030

30 764

31 425

12 017

12 462

12 695

12 711

11 962

12 412

12 747

13 067

11 853

12 878

14 016

14 767

13 616

14 182

14 731

15 177

Japan

Mexico

Russia

Saudi Arabia

20 680

21 247

22 048

23 497

23 543

24 864

26 506

27 346

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

8 597

8 977

9 372

9 605

9 357

9 516

9 730

9 860

South Africa

South Korea

22 783

23 847

24 948

25 339

25 299

26 774

27 554

27 991

South Korea

Turkey

11 532

12 169

12 577

12 504

11 754

12 671

13 609

13 737

Turkey

United States

44 314

45 059

45 431

44 873

43 234

43 952

44 439

45 336 United States

26 787

27 625

28 426

28 476

27 114

27 578

27 981

27 818

29 453

29 970

30 466

30 271

29 168

29 522

29 963

29 819

EU-27

France

Germany

31 115

32 302

33 403

33 829

32 170

33 512

34 620

34 819

Germany

28 280

28 738

29 008

28 454

26 729

27 059

27 081

26 310

33 324

34 032

34 973

34 474

32 471

32 766

32 878

32 671

Italy

United 
Kingdom

Country

World

Brazil

Canada

China

India

Japan

Mexico

Russia

EU-27

France

Italy

United 

Kingdom

88 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

89

Euro exchange rates with main national 
currencies (units of national currency per euro)

3
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

9
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9

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4
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3
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7
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7
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9

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9
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4
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3
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4
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7
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6
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2
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4
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6
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4
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.

1
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6
7
4
4
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3
2
1
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1

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2
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1
3
5
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0
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2
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7
1

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9
0
6
0
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9
9
2
7
2
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8
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3
2
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3
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3
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3
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3
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c
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s
s
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S

r
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l
l
o
d

S
U

Source: Eurostat (ert_bil_eur_a).

90 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Euro exchange rates with 
selected national currencies 
(units of national currency per euro — 2003 = 100)

e
e
p
u
r

i

n
a
d
n
I

r
a

l
l
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n
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y

e
s
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n
a
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3
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

3
0
0
2

0
6
1

0
4
1

0
2
1

0
0
1

0
8

0
6

0
4

Source: Eurostat (ert_bil_eur_a).

90 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORTING STATISTICS

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS

Free publications:

(cid:127)  via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu);

(cid:127)  at  the  European  Union’s  representations  or  delegations.  You  can  obtain 

their contact details on the Internet (http://ec.europa.eu) or by sending a 

fax to +352 2929-42758.

Priced publications:

(cid:127)  via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu).

Priced subscriptions (e.g. annual series of the Official Journal of the 

European Union and reports of cases before the Court of Justice 

of the European Union):

(cid:127)  via  one  of  the  sales  agents  of  the  Publications  Office  of  the  European 

Union (http://publications.europa.eu/others/agents/index_en.htm).

HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS

Free publications:

(cid:127)  via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu);
(cid:127)  at  the  European  Union’s  representations  or  delegations.  You  can  obtain 
their contact details on the Internet (http://ec.europa.eu) or by sending a 
fax to +352 2929-42758.

Priced publications:

(cid:127)  via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu).

Priced subscriptions (e.g. annual series of the Official Journal of the 
European Union and reports of cases before the Court of Justice 
of the European Union):

(cid:127)  via  one  of  the  sales  agents  of  the  Publications  Office  of  the  European 

Union (http://publications.europa.eu/others/agents/index_en.htm).

This Trade Statistical Pocket 
Guide contains selected 
tables and graphs that 
outline the current state of 
and recent developments in 
the European Union’s foreign 
trade, i.e. its trade with the 
rest of the world. It has been 
compiled for the beneﬁ t of the 
Directorate-General for Trade’s 
policymakers.

Trade

N
G
-
A
A
-
1
4
-
0
0
1
-
E
N
-
C

doi:10.2781/71195