Proposal for a COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on European Tourism Quality Principles
Date: 2014-02-20
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: competitiveness, consumer information, foreign tourism, public awareness campaign, quality standard, tourism policy, tourism statistics













EUR-Lex - 52014PC0085 - EN











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52014PC0085

Proposal for a COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on European Tourism Quality Principles /* COM/2014/085 final - 2014/0043 (NLE) */









EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1.           CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL
1.1.        Background
Tourism represents the third largest
socioeconomic activity in the EU in terms of contribution to GDP and
employment, after the trade and distribution and construction sectors. It is
one of the few economic sectors which register continuous growth, in spite of
economic and financial difficulties, presenting thereby a great potential to
contribute to "Europe 2020", the EU's growth strategy for a smart,
sustainable and inclusive EU economy.
With some 1.8 million businesses, primarily
SMEs, this sector[1]
employs approximately 3.3 % of EU workforce (about 8 million jobs) and
generates about 2.9% of EU GDP. Taking into account the sectors linked to it[2], its indirect
contribution is even greater: it is estimated to provide around 8.5% of all
jobs (approximately 18.8 million people employed) and generates about 7.9% of
the European Union's GDP[3].
Despite increasing competition from other regions of the world, the EU is the
world's No 1 tourist destination, with 384.8 million international arrivals in
2011[4].
With the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, the
EU has now been given the competence to complement the action of the Member
States in the tourism sector, in particular by promoting the competitiveness of
Union undertakings in that sector[5].
In response to the new powers granted to it
and to the need for new measures to stimulate EU growth, the Commission adopted
a Communication in 2010 on a new political framework for tourism in Europe[6]. This framework outlines
an ambitious set of actions aiming at (a) stimulating competitiveness in the
European tourism sector; (b) promoting the development of sustainable,
responsible and high-quality tourism; (c) consolidating the image and profile
of Europe as home to sustainable and high-quality destinations; and (d)
maximising the potential of EU policies and financial instruments for
developing tourism.
Action 13 of the Communication explicitly envisages the development of a
European Tourism Quality Label, "based on existing national
experience, to increase consumer security and confidence in tourism products
and reward rigorous efforts by tourism professionals whose aim is quality of
tourism service for customer satisfaction".
In its reaction to this Communication, the European
Parliament called on the Commission "[…] to assess, in cooperation with
tourism stakeholders, the feasibility of a European quality tourism label,
[…].in order to create an umbrella label complementary to national labels and
recognised on an opt-in basis." [7]
The 2009 study on the competitiveness of the EU tourism industry has
found that even though the total number of international arrivals in Europe is
still growing, Europe has been losing market share lately against new, emerging
destinations worldwide. Moreover, globalisation, the Internet and rapidly
changing consumer behaviour, as well as a growing concern about the
environmental footprint of tourism activities have a strong impact on the
industry[8].
In such an increasingly competitive market, the
significance of quality has grown for tourism businesses, which are ever more
aware of the importance of quality as a source of competitive advantage.
Therefore access to reliable, up-to-date, accurate and relevant information on
the quality of a particular tourism service is essential for tourists in order
to differentiate among competing products and to make an informed choice.
This may be particularly accentuated in case of tourists
arriving from another EU Member State, where uncertainties may be highlighted
by linguistic difficulties, where information is not available in a language
that the consumer understands.
Furthermore, given the current economic crisis, the EU
must do all in its power to attract third country visitors. Ensuring that these
visitors can rely on receiving a certain quality level of service across the EU
is of paramount importance.
The information provided to consumers on the quality of
tourism services has a role to play in attracting third country visitors, which
has a huge and so far largely untapped potential to boost tourist arrivals to
EU destinations and to enhance the competitiveness of EU tourism. In 2011
foreign visitor spending amounted to €330.44 billion. According to recent
estimations these figures are likely to increase up to 20.4 million jobs and
€427.31 billion in 2022[9].
Therefore the current initiative must also be seen in
the context of the Commission’ initiative to brand Europe in third countries[10] and within this the
“Destination Europe 2020” initiative[11],
as well as the EU visa policy[12]
which facilitates the travel of non-EU nationals to the EU[13] to help Europe remain
the world’s No 1 tourist destination.
1.2         Current state of play
Currently there is no specific legislation at EU level
regulating the information provided to consumers on the quality of tourism
services[14].
Certain existing information tools, such as on-line
evaluation and comparison websites, can help consumers in their decision-making
process provided they display transparent and reliable information. 
Certain Member States operate national, sub-national or
regional public quality schemes within their territories on a voluntary basis.
There is also a wide variety of industry initiatives at regional, national or
transnational level, which mostly focus on service quality aspects specific to
their respective tourism sub-sectors or geographic area.
As it has been confirmed by the market analysis carried
out in the context of the assessment of policy options accompanying this
proposal[15],
these quality schemes show significant diversity and therefore very little
consistency when compared in respect of their sectoral scope, geographical
coverage, governance, assessment methodology and evaluation criteria.
The vast number and diversity of the existing private
and public quality schemes result in a highly fragmented market in terms of the
evaluation of tourism service quality.
As a consequence of this fragmentation,
cross-border tourists are not provided with consistent information to easily
understand what the various quality schemes represent and to differentiate
between competing services. This leads to confusion. This then limits the
quality schemes' capacity to effectively inform consumers about the quality
level of the tourism services offered, which impairs the consumers' ability to
make informed choices particularly when travelling to another Member State or from third countries. Hence, they do not reward (possibly with more favoured
choices or better reputation) those businesses that invest in quality. This situation
discourages the industry, particularly SMEs with limited financial resources,
from doing so. As a result, the EU tourism industry is prevented from fully
capitalising on its competitive advantage in service quality and fulfilling its
economic potential by raising the visibility of its service quality. Tourism
stakeholders have not so far been successful in cooperating at EU level to
reduce the inconsistency across the EU between existing or future quality
schemes and there are no indications that any private or public initiative that
would improve this situation is likely to emerge. Therefore
it is most urgently needed to address fragmentation of the market at several
levels. The existing fragmentation among quality evaluation systems generate
confusion and can negatively affect the competitiveness of European tourism.
2.           RESULTS OF CONSULTATIONS
WITH THE INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
2.1         Consultation process
Following the adoption of the 2010
Communication, the Commission started gathering information on the existing
quality schemes with the help of Member States and industry stakeholders. Two
workshops were organised during the course of 2011 to exchange information on
the existing experiences and to exchange ideas about possible common quality
principles for tourism services. Early 2011, the Commission set up an informal
expert group with the participation of managers of existing public and private
quality schemes and consumer representatives to provide assistance in the
development of a draft concept. The vast majority of stakeholders participating
in the workshops and the informal expert group agreed that the EU initiative
should follow a bottom-up approach, building on and recognising the existing
and future initiatives by the Member States and the industry. However, with
regards to what the common principles should include, the stakeholders
expressed diverse views. Furthermore, the inclusion of environmental
sustainability issues in the principles also triggered some different views among
stakeholders.
A targeted consultation was carried out in
September-October 2011, seeking the views of a wider circle of stakeholders,
consisting of the main European tourism associations and federations, related
industry associations, consumer organisations as well as the Members States'
authorities. This consultation produced the same results in terms of
stakeholders' positions as the preliminary workshops described above.
Member States were also consulted during
the regular meetings of the Commission's Tourism Advisory Committee and
expressed divergent opinions: some Member States expressed strong support for
the initiative, opposing obligations on public administrations to participate
in the governance of such EU initiative, mainly reasoning with non-compliance
with the principle of subsidiarity and the restrictions of the legal basis, as
well as limited resources of the national authorities.
To widen the consultation of stakeholders
and collection of expertise, the Commission organised an open conference in
January 2012. The documentation and the report of this conference can be found
on the Commission's website[16].
The discussions at the conference reflected no change in the views and
positions of the private and public stakeholders.
A public consultation was carried out
between May and July 2012 through “Your Voice in Europe”, DG Enterprise and
Industry website on Europa and e-mails sent to a wide range of private and
public stakeholders as well as Member States' representatives. Professional
associations and federations and public administrations made up 90% of the more
than 150 respondents. The remaining 10% were tourism enterprises, two thirds of
which participate in a quality scheme. Tourism trade unions and the
representatives of consumers were also actively involved in the consultation
process. Most respondents agreed with the Commission's definition of the
problem and with the need for an initiative by the EU in this area. The public
consultation results are published on the Commission's website[17].
In the framework of the assessment of
policy options a background study was conducted on the experience of businesses
about participating in a quality scheme, where the input of the managers of a
representative sample of the existing quality schemes and their member
businesses provided useful insight to the assessment of the impacts of the
proposed initiative[18].
2.2         Assessment of policy
options
The Commission assessed various policy
options in view of improving the consistency among the existing and future quality
schemes and as a result the information provided to consumers.
Altogether seven policy options were
considered among which four were examined in the assessment. These include the
option of no policy change, an industry-driven self-regulatory option and two
options involving EU intervention. The latter two options examined the impacts
of the possibility of including in the concept certain principles, such as
those related to environmental sustainability aspects. The estimated economic,
social and environmental impacts of each option were assessed based on their
effectiveness in fulfilling the policy objectives, their cost-efficiency and
their consistency with other EU policies.
The assessment paid particular attention to
the fact that, participation by industry in either the option proposing
self-regulation or the one suggesting EU intervention would be voluntary.
Thorough consideration was also given to the conservation of the uniqueness and
diversity of the European tourism offer, especially in view of the vast variety
of tourism sub-sectors to which European service quality principles could be
applied.
The assessment does not conclude on one
sole favourable option as the comparison of options showed equal effectiveness,
efficiency and consistency both for the option including only service quality-related
principles and for the one extending information to other aspects, such as
environmental sustainability.
3.           LEGAL ELEMENTS OF THE
PROPOSAL
3.1         Legal Basis
The proposal is based on Articles 195 and
292 TFEU.
3.2         Principle of subsidiarity
and proportionality
Article 195 TFEU provides that the EU shall
"complement the action of the Member States in the tourism sector, in
particular by promoting the competitiveness of Union undertakings in that
sector". In line with the principle of subsidiarity, the proposed EU
action would be of a voluntary nature. The proposed initiative does not
eliminate any existing initiative put in place by Member States or the
industry.
The rationale for an EU action stems from
the trans-national nature of the problem. This occurs in a cross-border
setting, where the tourism service is provided in a country where the tourist
is not resident, limiting the added value that quality schemes can provide for
cross-border travellers, even more so when those travellers come from outside
the EU.
The current situation (described under 1.2)
concerning the evaluation of tourism service quality in Europe is not
conductive to an adequate level playing field in the EU Industry. The
inconsistency of quality evaluation schemes for tourism services at national
and regional level confuses the consumers and creates obstacles to the internal
market.
There is limited power and scope for the
individual Member States to act alone in trying to improve consistency of the
quality of tourism services offered across the EU. Member States have so far
not initiated any cross-border coordination of tourism quality principles and
there is no indication that they would do so in the future. Given the current
low number of existing public schemes at national level, such cooperation would
in any event not result in large scale cross-border cooperation. Moreover,
individual Member States are currently not in a position to improve consistency
between private schemes from other Member States. Therefore EU action is
necessary and justified.
In addition, actions
undertaken by the industry, even at transnational level are limited to a
specific sub-sector (or maybe a few related ones), but are not of true
horizontal scope. This results in inconsistent information being offered to
consumers, as well as limits to the informative power of quality schemes and
their member businesses in an intra-EU cross border context and towards
travellers from third countries. This situation is not expected to change,
requiring action at EU level.
For reasons of scale, the EU is better
placed to tackle the problems of sectoral and geographic fragmentation
described above. An EU framework pursuing the general interest of promoting the
 Union's tourism competitiveness would be more effective in terms of
cross-border visibility and credibility. This can be achieved by complementing
the work already undertaken by public and private tourism actors, encouraging
and creating a favourable environment for them to combine their efforts.
European Tourism Quality Principles can better be promoted by EU action, both
in the Member States and towards travellers from third countries, as part of
the overall EU promotional strategy in tourism. The added value of a large-scale
action coordinated at EU level has been confirmed by a clear majority of
stakeholders.
Finally, the proposal
complies with the proportionality principle. The initiative was developed in
view of limiting its costs to what is necessary to achieve the policy
objectives. The application of the proposed quality principles mainly requires
organisational change, which entails limited investments, that are expected to
be balanced out by the benefits stemming from the increased satisfaction of
consumers and from complementary EU actions.
To ensure that the
competences of the Member States are respected it is recommended that the
Member States coordinate, monitor and promote the application of the European
Tourism Quality Principles in their respective territories, in cooperation with
the Commission. With these measures the proposal duly respects the principle of
subsidiarity.
3.3         Outline of the proposal
3.3.1    Subject matter and Objectives
The European Tourism Quality Principles set
out in this proposal are applicable to tourism services offered in the Union directly to consumers and are recommended to be followed by public and private
organisations providing services in the field of tourism.
The initiative aims to
improve information to consumers, especially to those who travel to another Member State or from a third country, on the quality of tourism services, allowing
quality-sensitive consumers to make better informed choices. This in turn
strengthens incentives for EU tourism businesses, particularly for SMEs, to
further invest in quality. It aims to do so by improving consistency in the
quality of tourism services at EU level by setting European principles for
tourism organisations to comply with. These principles originate from the
criteria proposed by the stakeholders and assessed in the open consultation.
In operational terms, the aim is, by the
time of the revision of the initiative, to have a significant number of tourism
organisations in the EU following the European Tourism Quality Principles.
The added value of the initiative will be
many-fold: a) tourism organisations that follow these Principles will be able
to benefit from promotional and awareness raising action carried out by the Commission.
This will lead to increased visibility, which will enhance their capacity to
reach out to consumers and will provide them with the possibility to extend
their activities to markets that they otherwise could not reach, in particular
in third countries; b) For consumers, the added value will be the reassurance
that certain European quality principles will be fulfilled, no matter which
Member State they visit. Finally, highlighting and emphasising on the high
quality of European tourism services will contribute to the overall EU strategy
of improving tourism flows of travellers within and from outside Europe,
complementing the efforts of facilitating visa requirements for third-country
tourists as well as branding Europe as a set of sustainable and high-quality
destinations.
Ultimately, this will contribute to the
improved competitiveness of the sector and boost its capacity to create
economic growth and jobs, to the benefit of Member States and the overall EU
economy.
3.3.2    Application
of the European Tourism Quality Principles 
Sectoral
and geographic scope
In order to achieve a better consistency of
the quality of the tourism services across the EU, the European Tourism Quality
Principles can be applied, without sub-sectoral restriction, to all those
public or private tourism organisations that operate at national, regional,
local or transnational level, offering tourism services in the Union to consumers.
Coordination, monitoring and
promotion
In accordance with the principle of
subsidiarity, Member States will be invited to coordinate, monitor and promote
the European Tourism Quality Principles in respect of their territories. 
Member States will also be recommended to
cooperate between each other in respect of transnational tourism organisations.
They will also be invited to cooperate with the Commission within the framework
of the Tourism Advisory Committee, in order to facilitate the monitoring and
assessment of the initiative, which might be undertaken, inter alia, with
dedicated surveys among Member States, industry representatives and consumers.
The Programme for the Competitiveness of
Enterprises and SMEs (COSME) 2014-2020, sets the specific objective to improve the framework conditions of the competitiveness and
sustainability of Union enterprises in the tourism sector. With the objective of improving the image and profile of Europe as a sustainable, responsible and high-quality destination, the Commission will
undertake information, communication and promotional activities, including the
creation of a dedicated website providing information on the European Tourism
Quality Principles. The Commission will also facilitate the exchange of best
practice and experiences.
3.3.3    Evaluation
An evaluation of the implementation of this
Recommendation is foreseen after three years following its publication in the
Official Journal. The Commission will also assess whether further measures are
necessary to enhance consistent service quality in tourism.
4.           BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS 
An appropriate budgetary allocation could
be foreseen for the promotion of the European Tourism Quality Principles, via
the Competitiveness of enterprises and SMEs Programme (COSME)[19].
2014/0043 (NLE)
Proposal for a
COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION
on European Tourism Quality Principles 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Articles 195 and 292
thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the
European Commission,
Whereas:
(1)       The Commission recognises
in its Communication of 30 June 2010, "Europe, the world's No 1 tourist
destination – a new political framework for Europe"[20] the need to promote
the development of sustainable, responsible and high-quality tourism, as part
of the overall objective of promoting the Union as a collection of high-quality
destinations in third countries.
(2)       The promotion of high
environmental performances of tourism accommodations and campsites and best
environmental management practices of the tourism sector are already
specifically addressed at Union level through the application of Regulation
(EC) No 66/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council[21] and by Regulation (EC)
No 1221/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council[22].
(3)       A wide variety of public
and private quality schemes already exists in the Union, aiming at providing
information to consumers on the quality of tourism services and providing
guidance to tourism professionals. Those schemes show significant diversity in
scope, governance, methodology and criteria. Moreover, their operation is
limited to certain sub-sectors or geographic areas, which results in a highly
fragmented environment in respect of the evaluation of tourism service quality.
(4)           Because of this fragmentation and the lack of consistent assessment
across the existing quality schemes, consumers travelling cross-border within
the Union or to the Union from third countries may find it difficult to compare
the services covered by different quality schemes. That lack of consistency
limits the consumers' capacity to make fully informed choices.
(5)       Due
to the lack of consistent assessment across the existing quality schemes,
tourism businesses have so far had limited capacity to gain visibility
vis-à-vis consumers and to benefit from coordinated actions. This is especially
true for micro and small enterprises which often do not have the adequate tools
and resources to promote themselves and the high-quality service they provide.
(6)       In order to boost the
tourism industry's competitiveness, it is necessary to make the Union's tourism businesses attractive for third country nationals.
(7)       It is therefore
appropriate to outline a set of European Tourism Quality Principles acknowledged
by consumers and the industry.
(8)       In order to ensure the
coverage of the largest possible range of tourism subsectors and at the same
time to preserve the diversity of the Union's tourism offer, the European
Tourism Quality Principles should be of general nature, but offer an added
value in line with consumers' expectations towards high quality tourism
services.
(9)       To ensure the satisfactory
provision of tourism services, it is necessary to provide adequate training to
the relevant employees on the tasks assigned to them. The same reason prompts
that the attended training is recorded in a training register.
(10)     To facilitate continuous
improvement of tourism service quality to meet the requirements of consumers,
it is important to carry out consumer surveys and ensure a response to
complaints.
(11)     To promote the authenticity
and diversity of the Union’s tourism offer, it is necessary that consumers are
provided with up-to-date information on local customs, heritage, traditions,
services and products.
(12)     To enhance the awareness
about the European Tourism Quality Principles, and therefore gain consumer
confidence, it is key that tourism organisations provide information and
guidance related to those Principles to consumers.
(13)     In order to facilitate the
application of the European Tourism Quality Principles within their territories
as well as the coordination of their actions, Member States should coordinate,
monitor and promote the European Tourism Quality Principles in a transparent
manner.
(14)     In order to ensure that the
European Tourism Quality Principles are applied on a voluntary basis by tourism
organisations operating in more than one Member State (transnational
organisations), it is essential that Member States cooperate with each other in
view of the application of the European Tourism Quality Principles by those
organisations.
(15)     In order to facilitate the
consistent application of the European Tourism Quality Principles and of their
coordination, monitoring and promotion throughout the Union, the Member States
are invited to exchange information and experiences. The Commission should
facilitate such exchange of information.
(16)     To complement the action of
the Member States in promoting the competitiveness of the tourism sector, it is
important to inform the consumers and raise their awareness of the European
Tourism Quality Principles through appropriate promotional and information actions
within the Union, but also and in particular in third countries, in view of the
objective of promoting the Union as a collection of high-quality destinations.
Moreover, in order to encourage the creation of a favourable environment for
the development of the tourism sector, it is also important to make the
European Tourism Quality Principles attractive to tourism organisations. It is
therefore important that the Member States and the Commission cooperate in this
respect.
(17)     To facilitate the monitoring
and assessment of the application of the European Tourism Quality Principles,
the Member States have a strong role by informing the Commission of the
application of the European Tourism Quality Principles in their territories, in
particular within the framework of the Tourism Advisory Committee meetings. 
(18)     To respond to the rapidly
changing market conditions in the area of tourism and to ensure the added value
of the European Tourism Quality Principles in the long term, the Commission should
monitor their application and should evaluate the implementation of this
Recommendation after three years of its publishing in the Official Journal of
the European Union. For the same reason the Commission should also assess
whether additional measures are needed to ensure the achievement of the
objectives reflected in this Recommendation,
HEREBY RECOMMENDS:
1.         Subject matter
and scope
This Recommendation lays down a set of European Tourism Quality
Principles (hereinafter referred to as "Principles") to be applied by
tourism organisations.
2.         Definitions
For the purposes of this Recommendation the following definitions
shall apply:
(a)         
'tourism organisation' means a public or private
organisation, established in the Union and providing services to consumers in
the field of tourism at local, regional, national or transnational level;
(b)         
'transnational tourism organisation' means a
tourism organisation carrying out activities in the territory, or parts
thereof, of more than one Member State.
3.         European Tourism
Quality Principles
Where appropriate to the size and business concept, tourism
organisations are recommended to apply the following Principles to their
activities:
(a)         
Ensure the training of employees, including the
following:
i)       training of all employees involved in the provision of
services directly to consumers to ensure the satisfactory delivery of the tasks
assigned to them; 
ii)      recording the attended training by the employees in a
training register established for this purpose;
iii)     appointment of a quality coordinator in order to ensure a
coherent approach towards the quality management of the services provided and
the involvement of the relevant employees in the quality process;
(b)         
Apply a consumer satisfaction policy, including
the following:
i)       establishment of a mechanism for the handling of consumers'
complaints at the place of the delivery of the service or via the Internet; 
ii)      ensuring that complaints are responded to without delay;
iii)     carrying out consumer satisfaction surveys and the taking
into account the results thereof to improve the quality of the service;
(c)         
Keep and adhere to a documented cleaning and
maintenance plan for the facilities or equipment where appropriate; 
(d)        
Make information available to consumers,
including the following:
i)       information on local customs, heritage, traditions,
services and products;
ii)      information on accessibility with respect to the services
provided;
iii)     information on sustainability aspects with respect to the
services provided;
iv)     information on the Principles;
(e)         
Ensure that this information is correct,
reliable, clear and accessible in at least the most relevant foreign language,
if appropriate to the location and business concept.
4.         Activities by the
Member States
4.1.        Member States should coordinate, monitor and promote the
application of the Principles within their respective territories. For those
purposes, Member States are invited to:
(a)         
monitor the application of the Principles set
out in point 3 by tourism organisations; 
(b)         
coordinate with the other Member States, the
activities related to the Principles and their application;
(c)         
promote the Principles among tourism
organisations;
(d)        
ensure, in cooperation with the other Member
States, that adequate information and guidance on the Principles is made
available to tourism organisations;
(e)         
cooperate with each other in order to facilitate
the application of the Principles by transnational tourism organisations. 
4.2.        It is also recommended that
the conduct of the Member State's activities guarantees transparency.
5.         Cooperation between
the Member States and the Commission 
Member States are invited to inform the Commission of the activities
referred to in point 4 and to cooperate with the Commission in view of their monitoring
and assessment, as well as of their awareness raising and promotional
initiatives. 
6.          MonitorinG and
assessment
6.1.        The Commission should assess the
implementation of this Recommendation by [date to be
defined 3 years after the publication of the Recommendation in the Official
Journal]
6.2.        The Commission should also assess whether further
measures to improve the consistency of tourism service quality in the Member
States reflected in this Recommendation should be proposed.
7.         Final provisions
This Recommendation shall be published in the Official Journal of
the European Union.
Done at Brussels,
For the Council
The President
[1]               Traditional suppliers of travel and tourism services
(hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, car hire, charter airlines, tourist
coaches, cruise vessels, etc.) offering goods and services directly to
visitors.
[2]               In particular distribution, construction, transport
companies in general (air, rail, maritime, bus/coach, etc.) and the cultural
sector (including cultural and creative industries).
[3]               WTTC 2012 http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/european_union2012.pdf
[4]               UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, May 2012.
[5]               Article 6(d) of the "Treaty for the functioning
of the European Union". Further to this, Article 195 TFEU provides for the
EU "To that end, Union action shall be aimed at (a) encouraging the
creation of a favourable environment for the development of undertakings in
this sector; (b) promoting cooperation between the Member States, particularly
by the exchange of good practice".
[6]               Europe, the world's N°1 tourist destination – a new
political framework for tourism in Europe COM(2010) 352 final.
[7]               P7_TA-PROV(2011)0407 –
European Parliament Resolution of 2709/2011 on Europe, the world's No 1 tourism
destination – a new political framework for tourism in Europe.
[8]               Ecorys (2009), p. 2.
[9]               http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-1177_en.htm
[10]             COM (2010)352 final foresees the creation of a “Europe”
brand, to complement promotional efforts at national and regional level and
enable European destinations to distinguish themselves from other international
destinations (action 18)
[11]             Carried out under an ad-hoc grant in cooperation with
the European Travel Commission, with the overall objective of defining a
branding and marketing strategy for Destination Europe http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/international/index_en.htm
[12]             COM(2012) 649 final
[13]             There are currently 42 countries and entities whose
citizens do not need a visa to travel to the EU. Citizens from 16 Caribbean and Pacific Island Nations should soon be able to travel to the Schengen area
without needing a visa. The objective is to simplify travel to the Schengen
area, as well as to Cyprus, Bulgaria and Romania for citizens of these
countries. The Commission's proposal foresees that the visa exemption will be
reciprocated through visa waiver agreements, ensuring a full visa free regime
for all EU citizens who wish to travel to these countries. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-1179_en.htm?locale=en

[14]             General EU consumer protection legislation already
exists, for example Directive 2011/83/EU on Consumer Rights.
[15]             Estimated Impacts of possible Options and Legal
Instruments of the Umbrella European Tourism Quality Label, CEPS, September
2012, available online at: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/_getdocument.cfm?doc_id=7655,
hereinafter CEPS (2012).
[16]             http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?item_id=5642
[17]             http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/public-consultation-etq/index_en.htm
[18]             CEPS (2012)
[19]             Regulation Establishing a Programme for the
Competitiveness of Enterprises and for SMEs 2014-2020, Regulation (EU) No
1287/2013, OJ L 347, p. 33.
[20]             COM(2010) 352 final.
[21]             Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the EU Ecolabel
(OJ L 27, 30.1.2010, p. 1).
[22]             Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the voluntary participation by
organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS), repealing
Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 and Commission Decisions 2001/681/EC and
2006/193/EC (OJ L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 1).