Ubiquitous digital single market.
Date: 2013-11-12
Institutions: Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union
Subjects: VAT, digital technology, electronic commerce, electronic government, innovation, single market, trade policy, virtual community

DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES 

POLICY DEPARTMENT A: ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC POLICY 

WORKSHOP 


Ubiquitous Digital Single Market 

Brussels, 13 May 2013 

PROCEEDINGS 

Abstract 

The  last  decade  marked  a  move  from  electronic,  through  mobile  to 
ubiquitous  services,  defined  as  intelligent  services  providing  users  with 
real-time  access  to  collaboratively  generated  information,  everywhere,  at 
any  time  and  on  any  device.  The  workshop  presents  leading  examples  of 
ubiquitous  government  services  applied  in  South  Korea,  Japan,  Canada, 
Estonia, the UK and the Netherlands, as well as ubiquitous market services, 
with  the  objective  of  considering  how  Europeans  could  benefit  from 
ubiquitous government and market solutions. 

IP/A/IMCO/WS/2013-05 
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June 2013 
EN 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


This  document  was  requested  by  the  European  Parliament's  Committee  on  the  Internal 
Market and Consumer Protection. 

CONTRIBUTING EXPERTS 

Prof. Giovanni Sartor, Professor in Legal Informatics and Legal Theory, European University 
Institute of Florence 
Prof. Yong Woo Lee, University of Seoul 
Mr Koji Ouchi, First Secretary, Mission of Japan to the European Union 
Ms  Catherine  Dickson,  Counsellor  and  Head  of  the  Trade,  Economic  and  Innovation  Policy 
Section, Mission of Canada to the European Union 
Mr Silver Tammik, Counsellor for telecommunications and Information Society, Permanent 
Representation of Estonia to the EU 
Ms Nicola Westmore, Deputy Programme Director, G-Cloud 
Mr Henri Rauch, Senior Strategist, Kwaliteits Instituut Nederlandse Gemeenten 
Mr Mark Lange, Director, EU Institutional Relations, Microsoft 
Mr Sameer Verma, Vice President, SAP 
Mr Jakob Kucharczyk, Director, CCIA Europa 
Mr Jörgen Gren, Head of Unit for F1, DG CONNECT, European Commission 

RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR 

Mr Mariusz Maciejewski 

PROCEEDINGS WRITTEN BY 

Ms Carine Piaguet  
Mr Stefan Schulz  

Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy 
European Parliament 
B-1047 Brussels 
E-mail: Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu 

LINGUISTIC VERSIONS 

Original: EN 

ABOUT THE EDITOR 

To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: 
Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu 

Manuscript completed in June 2013. 
Brussels, © European Union, 2013. 

This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies 

The video recording of this workshop is available at: 
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ep-live/en/committees/video?event=20130513-1500-COMMITTEE-IMCO 

DISCLAIMER 

The  opinions  expressed  in  this  document  are  the  sole  responsibility  of  the  author  and  do 
not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. 

Reproduction  and  translation  for  non-commercial  purposes  are  authorised,  provided  the 
source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Workshop on Ubiquitous Digital Single Market 

CONTENTS 

1.	 INTRODUCTION 

2.	 UBIQUITOUS GOVERNANCE 

2.1. Leading jurisdictions outside the EU	 

2.1.1 South Korea - Open E-governance 

2.1.2 Ubiquitous Japan 

2.1.3 Canadian  perspective:  from  government  to  authentication  and  


federal identity 

2.2. Leading examples from Member States 

2.2.1	  Ubiquitous  governance  in  the  Netherlands:  "closed"  governance
 

strategy 

2.2.2 Estonia's experience 

2.2.3 UK's G-cloud project 

3.	 DEVELOPING UBIQUITOUS MARKETS - ROUNDTABLE 

3.1. Developing private and public ubiquitous solutions	 

3.2. Ubiquitous business solutions	 

3.3. Ubiquitous services for consumers	 

4.	 A VIEW FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION ON UBIQUITOUS 


MARKETS AND GOVERNANCE 

ANNEX 1: PROGRAMME	 

ANNEX 2: SHORT BIOGRAPHIES OF THE EXPERTS	 

ANNEX 3: PRESENTATIONS OF THE EXPERTS	 

Presentation by Giovanni SARTOR 

Presentations by Yong Woo LEE 

Presentation by Koji OUCHI 

Presentation by Catherine DICKSON 

Presentation by Henri RAUCH 

Presentation by Silver TAMMIK 

Presentation by Nicola WESTMORE 

Presentation by Mark LANGE 

Presentation by Sameer VERMA 

Presentation by Jakob KUCHARCZYK 

Presentation by Jörgen GREN 

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1.  INTRODUCTION 

Mr.  Scott  Marcus  from  the  Wissenschaftliches  Institut  für  Infrastruktur 
und Kommunikationsdienste (WIK), who chaired the session, briefly presented the aim 
of  the  workshop  which  was  to  exchange  expertise  on  new  ubiquitous  solutions  for 
e-government  and  provision  of  services  in  non-EU  and  EU  countries.  The  experts  invited 
were  coming  from  both  private  and  public  sectors,  presenting  different  models 
of development. 

Professor  Giovanni  SARTOR,  from  the  European  University  Institute  of  Florence, 
provided  a  general  introduction  to  the  idea  of  ubiquitous  services  in  governance  and 
commerce  (u-governance  and  u-commerce),  starting  from  the  observation  that  we  have 
moved  from  a  PC-based  world  to  a  world  where  we  can  access  the  Internet  on  the  move 
through portable devices. Internet and computing are everywhere and we are permanently 
emitters and receivers of flows of data. Prof. Sartor defined ubiquity as the state of being 
(or seeming to be) everywhere at once. Now this notion extends to whatever is available on 
the  Internet,  and  to  us  as  users  of  the  Internet.  He  highlighted  the  changing  landscape 
regarding the devices used (now ubiquitous devices) and, as regards services, the growth 
in  the  service  economy  and  its  relevance  in  terms  of  employment.  Prof.  Sartor  also 
mentioned  the  works  of  Manuel  Castells,  who  points  out  that  the  ability  to  participate  in 
information  fluxes  made  possible  by  the  Internet  is  what  really  matters,  and  of  Jeremy 
Rifkin  who  describes  the  shift  from  "property"  to  "access"  and  the  ensuing  changes  in 
human relationship. 

Prof.  Sartor  then  moved  on  to  the  definition  of  key  concepts.  Ubiquitous  government 
(u-government) relates to e-government available anywhere. According to him, this reflects 
new forms of interaction and transaction, which are now made possible at any time and on 
different kind of devices due to pervasive availability of networks, applications and services. 
Ubiquitous  commerce  (u-commerce)  means  the  use  of  ubiquitous  networks  to  support 
personalised uninterrupted communications and transactions between a firm and its various 
stakeholders to provide a level of value over, above and beyond traditional commerce. 

The  non-profit dimension of ubiquity  should  also  be mentioned,  with  the  development 
of non-profit u-services (for example: social networks, Wikipedia, etc.). Also these services 
have a significant role to play in balanced “ecosystems” for u-governance and u-commerce. 

As regards tools and technologies for ubiquitous services, according to Prof. Sartor we 
have  first  moved  from  traditional  services  to  e-services,  then  to  m-services  (mobile 
networks  and  devices)  and  finally  to  u-services  that  can  be  defined  as  intelligent  services 
providing  users  with  real-time  access  to  desired  information,  from  anywhere  and 
at  any  time.  Cloud  computing  refers  to  the  fact  that  different  devices  give  access  to 
computing  facilities  through  the  Internet,  where  applications,  platforms,  infrastructures, 
storage  space  etc.  are  available.  According  to Prof.  Sartor, software  is  becoming  a  cloud 
service.  We  will  no  longer  purchase  software,  download  it,  but  we'll  access  a  service. 
The software will partly reside in our computer and partly in the cloud. 

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Prof.  Sartor  pointed  out  the  barriers  to  the  development  of  u-services,  at  the 
organisational,  technical,  regulatory  and  social  levels.  He  also  addressed  the  need  to 
address privacy issue on a one hand, as larger set of professional  data is being conveyed 
(ex. geolocation data), and security issues on another hand, as there are additional security 
threats in a mobile environment.  

In  his  conclusions,  Prof.  Sartor  emphasised  the  challenges.  We  can  access  everything 
everywhere,  but  we  can  also  be  "accessed"  everywhere.  Our  movements,  purchases, 
activities  are  stored  and  can  be  exploited  in  different  ways.  For  Prof.  Sartor,  data 
collection is an issue, and to correctly face it we need consumer and data protection. 
He ended his presentation raising the issue of regulatory challenge for the EU: how to 
provide  new  services,  effectiveness,  innovation,  security,  privacy,  consumer  rights  and 
trust  in  the  single  market,  given  global  ubiquitous  commerce  and  connected  ubiquitous 
governments? 

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2.  UBIQUITOUS GOVERNANCE  

2.1.  Leading jurisdictions outside the EU 

2.1.1  South Korea - Open E-governance 

Professor  Yong  Woo  LEE  from  the  University  of  Seoul,  who  is  also  President  of  the 
Ubiquitous  City  Consortium  for  Seoul,  presented  the  South  Korea  experience  on  open 
e-government. 

He  started  by  briefly  outlining  South  Korea's  e-government  status,  development  of 
which  began  in  1978  and  gained  maturity  in 2008  with  the  expansion  of  integration  of  e-
government. As a result of these efforts, South Korea was recognised by recent UN surveys 
as the best e-government. South Korea is now moving towards smart governance with 
the  aim  to  attain  smart  e-government  in  2015. Five  objectives  are  set  in this  regard: 
1) to  realise  the  world's  best  mobile  e-government;  2)  to  establish  a  safe  and  sound 
society; 3) to promote smart work that balances work and life; 4) to provide personalised 
services  by  communicating  with  other  people;  and  5)  to  build  strong  e-government 
infrastructure. 

To illustrate his point, Prof. Lee presented e-government best practices giving concrete 
examples  such  as  the  Government  Integrated  Data  Centre,  government  information 
sharing,  the  nationwide  business  process  system,  e-procurement  procedures,  online  civil 
services, and the Information network village which is dedicated to spread ICT technology 
and education to rural regions.  

However, there are problems and challenges that remain as regards e-government. 
Prof.  Lee  mentioned  the  increasing  cyber  attacks,  the  threats  to  digital  privacy  and  other 
problems  such  as  digital  divide  (urban/rural),  Internet  addiction,  and  cyber  ethics.  He 
concluded that increased security for e-government activities is needed. 

To  conclude,  Prof.  Lee  presented  recommendations  for  a  successful  e-government 
development.  First  of  all,  it's  necessary  to  provide  an  efficient  division  of  roles  between 
the different actors (government, IT businesses, citizens). E-government services should be 
customer-oriented, i.e. focused on initiatives that would impact citizens' everyday lives. At 
each  phase  of  e-government  implementation,  appropriate  institutions,  such  as  laws 
ensuring a positive enabling environment for e-Government, should be set up. There should 
be  sustained  investment  in  e-government  budgets  and  a  dedicated  organisation  structure 
should  be  given  for  e-government  implementation.  Finally,  according  to  Prof.  Lee,  it  is 
necessary to change management education of public officers in order to ovoid reluctance 
from them to e-government deployment.  

In a last set of remarks, and separate presentation, Prof. Lee made reference to u-smart 
cities, like Seoul, where cloud and u-computing centres have been set up with the aim to 
make Seoul a green IT city.  

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2.1.2  Ubiquitous Japan 

Mr. Koji OUCHI from the Mission of Japan to the EU, started his presentation by giving an 
overview  of  broadband  development  in  Japan,  as  broadband  infrastructure  is  a 
prerequisite for u-infrastructure. The broadband coverage has reached 100 % in Japan, the 
rate having increased as prices had gone down. 

Mr. Ouchi detailed the Japan's actions in different areas, starting with e-education which 
is  part  of  the  government  strategy.  One  of  the  examples  he  gave  is  the  Cloud 
supporting system in Okinawa. This system has been introduced to support the back-office 
functions  of  schools  dispersed  in  island  remote  areas.  Another  concrete  example  is  the 
Future  school  project  launched  by  the  Ministries  of  education  and  of  communication  and 
which purpose is to provide all students with tablets. 

According  to  Mr.  Ouchi,  EUR  3  billions  could  be  saved  each  year  by  introducing  e-
medicine. In this regard, he mentioned the Electronic health record, a cloud platform set 
up  in  Japan  where  doctors,  patients  and  pharmacists  can  safely  share  clinical  records 
across the country. 

Concerning  e-government,  the  rate  of  current  online  use  of  public  procedures  in  Japan 
(32  %)  is  not  high  enough  according  to  Mr.  Ouchi.  He  underlined  that  while  e-taxation 
draws  higher  attentions  than  other  services,  further  efforts  are  needed  to  improve  both 
knowledge and adoption of ICT-enabled public services. 

Mr. Ouchi finally presented the latest developments on ubiquitous solutions. The Japanese 
government  has  just  passed  a  regulation  ("My  Number  Act")  relating  to  the  national 
identification  system  that  will  introduce  a  national  ID  supporting  mechanism  for 
social  welfare  and  taxation.  Japan  will  also  set  up  an  independent  data  protection 
authority  that  would  affect  the  discussions  on  adequacy  mechanism  of  EU  data  protection 
regulation. Mr. Ouchi mentioned that Japan uses similar levies as the EU on public sector 
information. From a public point of view, Mr. Ouchi indicates that we cannot put too much 
emphasis  on  the  potential  of  Big  Data,  as  it  has  already  been  cultivated  for  a  variety 
of purposes. 

2.1.3  Canadian perspective: from government to authentication and federal identity 

Ms  Catherine  DICKSON  from  the  Mission  of  Canada  to  the  EU,  started  her  presentation 
by  saying  that  Canada  has  been  providing  e-services  to  its  citizens  since  2004 
resulting  from  policies  to  provide  broadband  access  for  all  citizens.  She  indicated  that 
Canada  continues  to  focus  on  modernizing  government  and  improving  the  delivery  of 
services  to  citizens  and  business  securely  and  in  a  manner  that  respects  their  privacy. 
As  a  result,  Canada  is  becoming  a  digitalised  society  (as  an  example,  89%  of  Canadians 
use  credit  cards  online  and  the  average  Canada  spends  43.5  hours  per  month  on  the 
internet  –  double  the  worldwide  average).  The  internet  has  become  a  critical  enabler  for 
the Canadian economy and a major driver of change in both the public and private sectors. 
In  2008,  Canada  began  to  review  its  approach  to  authentication  via  the  Cyber 
Authentication  Renewal  strategy  which  set  out  several  fundamental  principles  such  as 
standardizing technology components and services; allowing multiple levels of assurance to 
manage  different  levels  of  risk  depending  upon  the  sensitivity  of  the  transaction  and 
enabling  multiple  authentication  service  providers.  In  December  of  2012,  Canada 
successfully  completed  its  Federation  of  Credentials  Phase  which  has  resulted  in  two 
new  authentication  services:  the  Credential  Broker  Service  that  enables  Canadians  to 
use their online authentication previously issued to them by their financial institutions; and, 
GCKey,  for  Canadians  who  wish  to  use  online  credentials  issued  by  the  government. 

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Since  implementation,  Canada  has  seen  a  dramatic  uptake  of  the  services  and 
over  400,000  Canadians  are  using  the  Credential  Broker  Service,  meaning  they  are 
using  their  bank  credentials  to  securely  access  Government  Services  and  over  1.4  million 
individuals are using GCKey to access services including non-Canadians, such as those who 
are applying online for immigration. 

identification 
face-to-face  visits,  and 

The  speaker  also  advised  that  Canada  is  now  moving  to  the  next  major  phase  which  is 
Federating  Identity;  i.e.  trusting  identities  that  have  been  established  by  other 
jurisdictions  and  trusting  that  individuals  are  using  their  own  identity  information. 
Federating identity is crucial and work to date has concluded that in order for Canadians to 
maintain confidence in the digital economy, they need to know with whom they are dealing 
is  accomplished  digitally,  without  paper  documents 
online,  where 
information,  uses 
in  a  way  that  protects  sensitive 
or 
an “ask me once” approach, and respects the privacy of the individual. To that end, Canada 
is  in  the  process  of  establishing  a  Digital  Identification  and  Authentication  Council 
(DIAC)  which  will  task  representatives  of  the  public  and  private  sector  to  develop  a 
modernised  payments system,  This  next  phase  will  incorporate  a  pan-Canadian  approach, 
whereby  different  jurisdictions  should  be  able  to  rely  on  one  another  to  securely 
authenticate  individuals  online  regardless  of  the  originating  jurisdiction  and  using  trusted 
online credentials issued by trusted partners. Canada is also developing policy instruments 
to  ensure  consistent  identity  practices  across  federal  departments  and  with  other 
jurisdictions. Canada is optimistic that in the near future a citizen will be able to use their 
secure provincial or territorial credential — such as their provincial health card — to access 
federal government online services. 

2.2.  Leading examples from Member States 

2.2.1  Ubiquitous governance in the Netherlands: "closed" governance strategy 

Mr. Henri RAUCH, National Expert at the King Quality Institute Netherland Municipalities, 
explained why the Dutch government developed a "closed cloud" strategy, at a time 
when the trend is towards opening everything.  

The Dutch "closed" governance strategy initiated in 2012 is a response to the fragmented 
IT  services  and  to  the single  tenancy  government  services.  The  "closed"  feature  is  mainly 
related  to  information  security  and  privacy  concerns.  A  lot  of  data  is  used  in 
governance services in the Netherlands and it's been decided to exclude personal data from 
public  cloud  services.  Mr.  Rauch  explained  that  government  services  are  directed  towards 
multi  tenancy  within  the  government  community  cloud  of  government  and  on 
reaching efficiency. 

As regards the impact of u-governance, Mr. Rauch found various positive elements from 
the Dutch experience: efficiency, defragmentation, bundle demand is brought to bundle 
supply,  better  possibilities  in  the  demand  and  suppliers  market,  radical  improvement 
and innovation.  

Then  he  made  a  mapping  of  ubiquity  elements  in  Dutch  governance.  First  the  basic 
facilities  (Registries)  are  generic  services  to  be  used  by  any  of  the  Dutch  government 
services.  Then  new  services  appear:  alerts  for  citizens  (sms  messaging),  Government 
Appstore, etc. Ubiquity doesn't cover all of the generic services. The tax agency is working 
on  a  replacement  for  multiplatform  collaboration  and  Customs  on  onsite  inspections. 
from 
Finally,  Mr.  Rauch 
mobile operators.  

further  developments  are  expected 

important 

indicated 

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2.2.2  Estonia's experience 

Mr.  Silver TAMMIK  from  the  Permanent  Representation  of Estonia  to  the  EU  focused  his 
presentation on the Estonian Information System. 

He started describing the state of play of the use of e-services, and mentioned that there is 
a  widespread  use  of  e-services  in  Estonia.  He  gave  different  examples  of  good 
practices, such as the e-tax board (95 % of tax declarations are submitted electronically), 
the i-voting (five votes have been organised in Estonia since 2005 on the basis of national 
e-ID card, and 25% of the population vote electronically). The e-business register enables 
98.2%  of  companies  to  establish  electronically.  He  gave  additional  examples  in  diverse 
areas,  such  as  annual  reporting  for  companies,  financial  transactions  (99%  carried  out 
e-school 
done 
online), 
(95% higher secondary students use e-School), and fishing permits.  

prescriptions 

prescription 

online), 

(95% 

all 

of 

Then Mr. Tammik pointed out the main challenges the government faced, that is, how 
to  find  out  the  way  to  secure  identification  and  data  exchange  of  information.  The 
government  responded  by  creating  the e-ID,  a  national  chip-based  identity  card,  and  the 
"X-Road",  the  State  Information  System.  Among  the  different  option  they  considered 
for  developing  the  "X-Road",  the  multilateral  solution  was  found  to  be  the  most  cost-
effective.  Estonia  set  up  a  one-stop-shop  giving  citizen  one  single  gateway  onto  the 
government  with  direct  access  to  the  relevant  service  via  internet,  removing  the  official 
who stands between the citizen and the relevant public service. The "X-Road" was launched 
in Estonia in 2002 and currently more than 50 % of the citizens use it via a citizen portal 
and  1.000.000  transactions  are  made  each  day.  The  X-Road  connects  public  and  private 
sectors  and  allows  exchange  of  information  between  any  database,  public  or  private. 
The access is done through one single portal. Mr. Tammik pointed out that "X-Road" is not 
only technology; it also includes organisational and regulatory aspects.  

As  regards  the  next  steps  to  be  taken,  the  question  of  how  to  accept  e-ID  from  third 
countries  and  whether  to  provide  it  to  non-residents  has  been  raised.  X-Road  should  be 
simplified  and  cross-border.  The  use  of  gateways,  such  as  www.eesti.ee,  as  well  as  the 
interoperability  framework  and  the  availability  of  digital  information  should  be  improved. 
Services  should  focus  on  integrated  solutions  and  quality,  and  there  should  be  a  constant 
monitoring and piloting of new solutions and services (e-ambulance). 

As  final  considerations,  Mr.  Tammik  highlighted  the  need  to  change  governance  and 
drop the procedures. E-services should not be a copy of paper-world procedures. Users' 
attitude is also important, as people need to be willing to digitalise. Government needs to 
think globally, and encompass at least nation-wide. He also reminded the important role of 
the private sector. Finally, Mr. Tammik underlined that political commitments are essential 
to e-business, as it is not only technology, but also organization and regulation. 

2.2.3  UK's G-cloud project 

Ms Nicola WESTMORE, Deputy Programme Director of the G-Cloud project, talked about 
the UK's G-Cloud project. 

She  first  explained  that  the  programme  was  created  due  to  a  hugely  challenging 
environment in the UK. Austerity and cuts in the spending budgets led to outsourcing a 
lot  in  the  IT  area,  the  public  sector  relying  mostly  on  large  companies  (80%  of  Central 
Government  ICT  is  controlled  by  6  companies).  In  addition,  multiple  organisations  carried 

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out  the  same  activity  and  were  not  focussing  on  their  core  business.  Finally,  there  was  a 
lack of competition. 

The  main  aim  of  the  G-Cloud  project  is  to  encourage  the  adoption  of  cloud-based 
services  across  the  public  sector.  G-Cloud  covers  the  processes  of  buying,  managing 
and using cloud services providing tools for it. Its vision required a behavioural and cultural 
change  in  the  UK.  The  G-Cloud  programme  changed  the  market  for  public  sector  IT, 
creating an open and competitive market place and giving access to a much wider choice. 
The simplification of the public procurement process made the system easier for suppliers, 
levelling the playing field for SMEs. Ms. Westmore indicated the benefits of the G-Cloud: it's 
easy  to  buy,  transparency  is  improved,  significant  savings  have  been  made  (up  to  90% 
according  to  the  speaker)  and  the  system  is  agile  and  responsive,  giving  ability  to  meet 
changing users' needs. 

Ms  Westmore  listed  the  next  steps  to  be  taken:  respond  to  feedback  from  buyers  and  
suppliers,  set  clear  policies,  improve  guidance,  identify  potential  gaps,  make  the  market 
work optimally, get more creative solutions, shorten the adoption cycle, enhance the cloud 
computing across the UK and address skills gaps across the government. 

As a concluding remark, Ms Westmore said that the programme had created opportunities 
for  growth,  and  that  evidence  showed  the  positive  impacts  on  employment,  especially 
for SMEs. 

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Questions and answers 

1) Which of public services could be singled out as the most important to pursue 
through ubiquitous solutions? (question asked to all the speakers)  

National  Health  Service  and  "e-medicine"  was  mentioned  (by  the  Representatives  of  the 
Canada,  UK,  Japan),  as  well  as  ubiquitous  or  smart  way  of  addressing  integrity  of 
e-government (Seoul), e-tax declaration (Estonia) and e-education (Italy).  

2) How important is security for the Estonian information system? 

Mr. Tammik indicated that no relevant incident has been deplored for more than 10 years. 
The  2007  incidents  event  didn't  touch  the  X-Road  and  was  mainly  focused  on  the 
private sector. 

3)  What,  in  your  experience,  is  coming  first:  infrastructure  or  services? 
(question asked to all members of the panel) 

Mr.  Ouchi  answered  that  broadband  application  comes  first  before  development  of 
e-government.  Ms  Dickson  concurred,  in  that  due  to  the  huge  size  of  her  country, 
e-services came second after the broadband infrastructure.  

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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy 

3.  DEVELOPING UBIQUITOUS MARKETS - ROUNDTABLE 

3.1.  Developing private and public ubiquitous solutions 

Mr.  Mark  LANGE  from  Microsoft  recalled  the  mission  statement  of  Microsoft  in  1975:  "A 
computer  on  every  desk  and  in  every  home".  Nowadays  computing  is  everywhere,  in 
transportation, communication, entertainment, utilities, and becomes invisible. 

Mr. Lange said that the web makes the information available everywhere and by everyone 
and  that  cloud  (ubiquitous)  computing  power  is  to  make  computing  power  available  to 
everyone.  It  makes  it  possible  to  develop  public  and  private  solutions  in  different 
areas and on large scales. Mr. Lange gave three examples in order to illustrate his point. 
First,  cloud  computing  allows  the  sharing  and  reuse  of  public  data.  For  example,  Eye-
On-Earth  has  been  jointly  developed  the  European  Environment  Agency  and  Microsoft  in 
order  to  share  the  data  collected  for  years  by  the  public  agency  interactive  map-based 
visualisations  of  environmental  public  data.  They  benefit  from  lower  costs  in  maintaining 
computer  facilities  and  processing  data  and  from  an  increased  capacity  and  ability  to  use 
data. The second example  is to accelerate start-up creation thanks to inexpensive and 
easy  access  to  super  computing  power.  Microsoft  set  up  a  programme  that  gives  16.000 
start-ups  access  to  super  computing  powers,  accelerate  research  and  cross-border 
business.  The  third  example,  still  in  research  phase,  is  related  to  advance  machine 
translation.  It  helps  to  process  machine  translation  more  quickly  and  tackle  "Big  data", 
speech recognition and synthesis and machine learning.  

As  a  concluding  remark,  Mr.  Lange  said  that  we'll  see  the  acceleration  of  business  and  it 
will help us to achieve the Digital Single Market.  

3.2.  Ubiquitous business solutions 

Mr.  Sameer  VERMA  from  SAP  focused  his  presentation  on  B2B  and  explained  how 
ubiquitous solutions could enable businesses to do business together. 

The  speaker  referred  to  connectivity,  Big  Data,  cloud  computing  and  social  media  as  the 
four technology mega-trends and pointed out the importance of social media, especially for 
consumer products. 

Then,  Mr.  Verma  described  the  ubiquitous  business  solutions:  the  cloud,  Big  data, 
machine-to  machine/internet  of  things  and  enterprise  mobility.  The  cloud  offers 
very viable option for SMEs to drive their business growth strategy. Concerning Big Data, it 
is cost-efficient and able to capture, analyse, and apply all the data in real time. Businesses 
are  able  to  work  better,  but  a  mechanism  is  needed  to  use  and  apply  it.  Machine  to 
machine/internet of things (e.g. smart cities) is solving an array of the industry needs. But 
infrastructure is needed to manage to handle the data. As regards enterprise mobility, Mr. 
Verma said that it's empowering the enterprise and the individuals.  

Finally,  Mr.  Verma  made  some  recommendations  to  EU  policy  makers.  According  to 
him, they should address the ICT skills gap, make available the infrastructure as broadband 
still  doesn't  cover  all  the  territory,  harmonise  data  protection  regulation,  promote  public 
sector uptake, and should foster ICT and R&D clusters. As a final remark he stated that the 
EU still doesn't have its "Silicon Valley". 

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Workshop on Ubiquitous Digital Single Market 

3.3.  Ubiquitous services for consumers 

Mr.  Jakob  KUCHARCZYK  from  the  Computer  and  Communications  Industry  Association 
(CCIA), introduced his subject saying that the Internet offers an incredible amount of 
new  opportunities  for  innovation  and  economic  growth.  He  stressed  that  the 
economic growth generated by internet does not primarily come from Internet companies, 
but from Internet-using businesses and consumers.  

He  then  gave  two  examples  of  internet  enabled  economic  activities.  Starting  with 
ubiquitous trade, the speaker noted that there is no need anymore to be a large company 
to perform international trade. According to the study, commerce has an evolving nature: it 
becomes  technology  enabled,  consumer-driven  and  distance  matters  less.  Mr.  Kucharczyk 
indicated  that  94  %  of  the  smallest  10  %  of  commercial  sellers  export  and  that  81  %  of 
them  sell  to  5  or  more  foreign  countries1.  The  second  example  related  to  ubiquitous 
entertainment.  A  study  by  CCIA,  analysing  the  economic  state  of  the  entertainment 
industry in six European countries, shows that the growth in the entertainment industry is 
driven  by  internet.  The  e-book  market  is  exploding,  games  (driven  by  games  on  social 
network) and music sales are increasing, as well as video but to a lesser extent. 

According to Mr. Kucharczyk, beyond ubiquity in trade and entertainment there are infinite 
possibilities  in  regards  to  online  opportunities  and  innovation.  He  mentioned  as 
examples the talent and job pages posted on social networks, the online accountancy tools 
for  micro  businesses,  the  MOOCs  (Massive  Open  Online  Courses),  the  move  towards  the 
‘sharing  economy’  (cars,  cabs,  apartments,  etc.)  and  the  specialised  online  market  places 
for homemade goods (Etsy). 

In  his  closing  policy  recommendations,  Mr.  Kucharczyk  called  for  strong  net  neutrality 
rules  that  would  "allow  innovation  without  permission",  for  legal  and  operational  certainty 
for online businesses, and for a harmonised integrated market.  

1 

Study commissioned by eBay 
http://www.ebaymainstreet.com/sites/default/files/EBAY_Marketplace_Updated_FIN_lowres.pdf 

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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy 

4.	  A  VIEW  FROM  THE  EUROPEAN  COMMISSION  ON 

UBIQUITOUS MARKETS AND GOVERNANCE 

Developing ubiquitous governance and markets on European Level 

Mr.  Jörgen  GREN,  who  coordinates  the  digital  agenda  at  the  European  Commission, 
presented elements that represent the ubiquitous markets and governance.  

His  first  remark  pointed  out  that  the  previous  speakers  didn't  mentioned  two  key  words 
which are very important in the EU context: interoperability and cross-border. 

Mr. Gren focused on four of the areas on which the Commission is working: European 
cloud computing strategy, e-government, e-health and the open agenda.  

The European cloud computing strategy adopted in September 2012, aims at reducing 
ICT  and  energy  costs,  increasing  competitiveness  of  SMEs  and  creating  new  jobs.  This 
strategy  includes  three  main  actions:  1)  cutting  through  the  jungle  of  standards;  2)  safe 
and  fair  contract  terms  and  conditions;  3)  European  cloud  partnership  for  public  sector 
leading to the creation of an EU cloud industry.  

As  regards  the  digital  services  infrastructure,  he  mentioned  that  the  Commission 
proposed  to  provide  EUR  9.2  billion  for  investment in  the  EU  but  the  Council  reduced  this 
item to EUR 1 billion. The EC is preparing a new proposal, and propose to focus on digital 
services  including  a  small  part  for  broadband  and  financial  instruments.  Mr  Gren  also 
mentioned  that  the  Commission  is  preparing  a  new  large  scale  pilot  programme 
"e-sense". 

The  action  plan  on  e-health  aims  at  clarifying  legal  uncertainty,  at  improving 
interoperability between systems, at increasing awareness and skills and at putting patients 
at the centre of the initiative. 

Regarding the open data policy, the Commission wants to expand the reach to museums, 
archives and education and create a genuine reuse of public information and to have 
marginal  cost  charging.  He  added  that  public  sector  bodies  should  be  obliged  to  be  more 
transparent about information.  

He  ended  with  mentioning  that the  Council  had  asked  the  Commission  for  a  digital  Single 
Market report, to be released in October, and for a Digital Single Market blueprint in ICT. 

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Workshop on Ubiquitous Digital Single Market 

Questions & Answers 

1)  Nowadays,  data  is  accessible  but  mobile  connectivity  and  access  is  still  quite 
poor  in  Europe:  what  can  be  done?  What  about  consumer  protection  and  health 
risks related to mobile phones? 

Prof.  Lee  noted  that  if  mobile  phone's  speed  improves,  much  more  application  will  be 
created, and more data will be transferred. Mr. Marcus pointed out that different research 
results  show  that  80%  of  the  global  data  from  smart  phones  doesn't  go  on  the  global 
network but on private wifi.  

2)  Why  is  the  Commission  so  focused  on  the  cross  border  issue  within  Member 
States, when cross border is irrelevant in the context of the cloud?  

Mr.  Gren  said  that  online  cross  border  trade  in  the  Single  Market  is  not  high  and  the 
objective of 20 % of EU people buying online and cross border hasn't been reached yet. He 
insisted on the fact that the cross border aspect is still important giving the example of the 
copyright  issue:  buying  a  CD  via  Amazon  is  possible  but  downloading  the  same  music  is 
impossible  from  another  country.  Various  barriers  (political,  linguistic,  etc.)  unfortunately 
are  still  there,  and  care  needs  to  be  taken  not  to  re-raise  those  that  have  been 
painstakingly abolished in the physical market. 

3)  How  SAP  technology  is  used  for  tracking  of  products  in  the  supply  chain 
management? Could this tool be useful for administration (especially to Customs, 
VAT,  product  surveillance  services),  and  could  it  facilitate  cooperation?  (question 
asked to the representative of SAP)  

Customers  use  solutions  like  "track  and  trace"  in  the  life  cycle  of  the  supply  chain,  for 
example in transportation or logistic networks. But SAP doesn't collect the data. Customers 
who buy the product and use it in the supply chain can transmit it to the relevant authority 
but  SAP  has  no  specific  solution  to  put  all  the  data  together  and  send  it  to  the  financial 
authorities. 

Closing remarks 

Mr.  Marcus  referred  to  the  SWAT  analysis  (Strengths, Weaknesses,  Advantages,  Threats) 
to  conclude  the  workshop.  Concerning  the  strengths,  he  noted  an  increasing  speed  and 
capability,  reduced  costs  and  willingness  of  the  governments  to  do  innovative  things.  As 
regards  weaknesses,  he  pointed  out  inertia,  the  need  for  process  change  and  the  agency 
unwillingness to take these opportunities. On the advantages side, Mr. Marcus indicated the 
reduced  cost  for  consumers,  the  increased  government  transparency  and  citizen 
empowerment.  And  lastly,  the  threats:  he  mentioned  privacy  and  security  and  wondered 
about  the  precise  role  of  EU  policymaking  (facilitating,  avoiding  duplication,  setting 
standards, or?). 

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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy 

ANNEX 1: PROGRAMME 


WORKSHOP 


UBIQUITOUS DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET 


Organised by Policy Department A 
Monday 13 May 2013 - 15:00 - 18:30 

Venue: European Parliament, Brussels  

Altiero Spinelli building, ASP 1E-2 


The event is open to the public. Interpretation will be provided in EN-FR-DE-ES 

15.00 - 15.05 	

Welcome and introduction (Mr Scott Marcus, WIK) 

Part 1.  Introduction 

15.05 - 15.20	 

Introduction  to  the  concept  of  ubiquity 
governance and market services 

in  computing, 

Prof. Giovanni SARTOR, EUI 

Part 2.  Ubiquitous governance 

Leading jurisdictions outside the EU 

15.20 - 15.35	 

South Korea - Open E-governance 

Prof. Yong Woo LEE, University of Seoul 

15.35 - 15.50	 

Ubiquitous Japan 

Mr Koji OUCHI, Mission of Japan to the EU 

15.50 - 16.00	 

Canadian perspective 

Ms Catherine DICKSON, Mission of Canada to the EU 

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Workshop on Ubiquitous Digital Single Market 

Leading examples from Member States 

16.00 - 16.15 	

Estonia's experience 

Mr Silver TAMMIK, Permanent Representation of Estonia to the EU 

16.15 - 16.30 	

UK's G-cloud project 

Nicola WESTMORE, Deputy Programme Director - G-Cloud  

16.30 - 16.45 	

Ubiquitous governance in the Netherlands 

Mr Henri RAUCH, Kwaliteits Instituut Nederlandse Gemeenten   

16.45 - 17.05	 

Q&A 

Part 3. 	 Developing ubiquitous markets - roundtable 

17.05- 17.20 	

Developing 
Mr Mark LANGE (Microsoft) 

private 

and 

public 

ubiquitous 

solutions 

17.20 - 17.35 	

Ubiquitous business solutions 

Mr Sameer VERMA (SAP)  

17.35 - 17.50 	

Ubiquitous services for consumers 

Mr Jakob KUCHARCZYK (CCIA) 

Part 4. 

	 A  view  from  the  European  Commission  on 
ubiquitous markets and governance 

17.50 - 18.05 	

Developing  ubiquitous  governance  and  markets  on  European 
level 

Mr Jörgen GREN (European Commission) 

18.05 - 18.25	 

Q&A, Open discussion 

18.25 - 18.30 	 

Closing remarks 

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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy 

ANNEX 2: SHORT BIOGRAPHIES OF THE EXPERTS 

Prof. Giovanni Sartor 

Giovanni Sartor is part-time professor in legal informatics at the University of Bologna and 
part-time  professor  in  Legal  informatics  and  Legal  Theory  at  the  European  University 
Institute  of  Florence.  He   obtained  a  PhD  at  the  European  University  Institute  (Florence), 
worked  at  the  Court  of  Justice  of  the  European  Union  (Luxembourg),  was  a  researcher  at 
the  Italian  National  Council  of  Research  (ITTIG,  Florence),  held  the  chair  in  Jurisprudence 
at Queen's University of Belfast, and was Marie-Curie professor at the European University 
of Florence.  He has been President of the International Association for Artificial Intelligence 
and  Law.  He  has  published  widely  in  legal  philosophy,  computational  logic,  legislation 
technique, and computer law.  

Prof. Yong Woo Lee 

Yong-woo Lee has been a professor at the school of ECE, the University of Seoul, Korea 
since 1999. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the Dept. of Computer 
Science at the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom with financial support by the British 
Foreign  Ministry  and  Korean  Government  and  B.S.  degree  in  Electrical  Engineering  from 
Seoul  National  University,  Korea,  respectively.  Before  joining  the  University  of  Seoul,  he 
was a senior research scientist at KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) under 
the Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea, during 1982-1998. In KIST, he received the 
best research scientist award twice, that is, in 1988 and 1989 respectively. He also worked 
as  a  principal  researcher  at  KERIS  (Korea  Education  and  Research  Information  Service) 
under the Ministry of Education, Korea, during 1998-1999 and as an international engineer 
at  Schlumberger  Technical  Services  Inc.  during  1981.  Currently  he  is  the  president  of  the 
Korean  National  Standard  Committee  for  ISO  JTC1/SC22,  supported  by  the  Ministry  of 
Knowledge  Economy,  Korea.  He  is  also  the  Vice-President  of  KSII  (Korean  Society  of 
Internet  Information).  He  was  the  Chairman  of  the  Academic  Activity  Board  of  Directors 
and  a  Vice  President  at  KSII  (Korean  Society  of  Internet  Information).  He  is  one  of  the  
founders  of  KSII.  He  was  the  president  of  the  Institute  of  Information  Technology  in  the 
University of Seoul from 2005 to 2007 and, as the Chair, has been in charge of Seoul Grid 
Center since 2003. He has been the member of Board of Chairs for Grid computing in Korea 
since  2002.  He  served  many  international  conferences  as  the  General  Chair.  As  the 
President  of  the  Ubiquitous  (Smart)  City  Consortium  which  includes  SK  Telecom,  LG-CNS, 
etc.  as  industry  members  and  Seoul  National  University,  Korea  University,  Yonsei 
University,  etc.  as  academic  members,  he  has  been  leading  the  U-city  project  with  five 
million U.S. dollars funded and operated by Seoul Metropolitan Government of Korea, since 
2005  and  receive  the  Korea  Best  Award,  from  the  “Korea  Herald”  Newspaper,  a  famous 
daily  newspaper  in  Korea  in  2007.  He  was  a  Member  of  the  Program  Committee  and  a 
panelist  at  the  First  IEEE  International  Conference  on  Cloud  Computing  (CLOUD-I  2009) 
jointly  held  with  ICWS/Service  Computing  at  L.A.  U.S.A.  in  July  6-10,  2009,  the  Chair  of 
the  Panel  Committee,  a  Member  of  the  program  committee  and  a  panelist  at  the  Second 
IEEE  International  Conference  on  Cloud  Computing  (CLOUD-II  2009)  jointly  held  with 
ICWS/Service  Computing  at  Bangalore,  India  during  September  21-25,  2009  and  the 
Member  of  Program  Committee  at  the  Third  IEEE  International  Conference  on  Cloud 
Computing jointly held with ICWS/Service Computing at Miami, U.S.A. in July 5-10, 2010. 
He  is  also  a  CLOUD  COMPUTING  Advisory  Chair  and  a  member  of  CLOUD  COMPUTING 
Technical  Program  Committee  at  the  First,  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  International 

18 

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Workshop on Ubiquitous Digital Single Market 

Conference  on  Cloud  Computing,  GRIDs,  and  Virtualization  (CLOUD  COMPUTING  2010, 
2011,  2012  and  2013)  which  were  held  in  Lisbon,  Rome  and  Nice  and  will  be  held  in 
Balencia  respectfully.  He  is  a  Member  of  Board  of  Directors  at  the  Korea-British  Alumni 
Association and a life-time Member of Board of Directors at the Alumni Association of Seoul 
National  University.  His  current  research  interests  include  ubiquitous  computing,  cloud 
computing,  grid  computing,  system  software,  high  speed  Internet,  convergence  between 
information  technology  and  other  areas  such  as  E(U)-education,  E(U)-government,  E(U)­
business , U-City (Smart City), E(U)-health/medicine, etc. 

Koji Ouchi 

Koji  Ouchi  is  the  First  Secretary  of  the  Mission  of  Japan  to  the  European  Union.  He  was  
born and raised in Ehime Prefecture (South Western part of Japan). He studied at Harvard’s 
John  F.  Kennedy  School  of  Government  (MPP,  2006).  He  joined  the  Ministry  of  Internal 
Affairs  and  Communications 
the 
telecom/audiovisual  regulations  and  the  international  cooperation  before  joining  the 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2012. 

in  2001  and  worked  at 

four  divisions 

for 

Catherine Dickson 

Catherine  Dickson  is  Counsellor  and  Head  of  the  Trade,  Economic  and  Innovation  Policy 
Section in the Mission of Canada to the European Union. In that capacity, she is responsible 
for a wide variety of trade policy files including market access issues, NTBs, regulatory co­
operation, certification, energy, science and technology to name a few. She also leads the 
Mission’s work on the ongoing negotiation of the Canada-EU Comprehensive and Economic 
Trade Agreement. 

Prior  to  her  arrival  in  Brussels,  Ms.  Dickson  was  Counsellor  (Trade,  Investment,  Science 
and Technology) at the High Commission of Canada in London. In that role, she managed a 
team  of  officers  working  to  enhance  Canadian  exports  in  the  advanced  manufacturing 
sectors,  promote  foreign  direct  investment  and  S&T  partnerships  in  Canada.  Prior  to 
arriving  in  London,  she  was  Director  of  the  Intellectual  Property,  Information  and 
Technology  Trade  Policy  Division  in  Ottawa.  In  that  capacity,  she  was  Canada’s  Lead 
Negotiator  for  intellectual  property  at  the  World  Trade  Organization  TRIPS  Council  in 
Geneva  and  at  the  Free  Trade  Agreement  of  the  Americas  (FTAA).  Her  work  included 
negotiation  of  a  new  WTO  Agreement  on  Patents  and  Access  to  Medicines,  copyright, 
trademark  and  geographical  indications.  She  also  developed  Canada’s  international 
negotiating  strategies  for  cultural  industries  (including  for  a  new  cultural  diversity 
agreement at UNESCO), telecommunications services and electronic commerce.   

Ms.  Dickson  has  had  two  other  diplomatic  assignments  -  as  Commercial  Counsellor  in 
Norway and Iceland and as Senior Trade Representative in Ontario's trade and investment 
office  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  She  has  also  served  as  the  Deputy  Chief  Negotiator  for  the 
Canada  and  European  Free  Trade  Association  (EFTA)  trade  negotiation,  as  Chair  of  the 
FTAA Working Group for Electronic Commerce and as textile and clothing policy negotiator 
for  the  North  American  Free  Trade  Agreement  (NAFTA).  She  also  held  positions  with  the 
Ontario  Ministry  of  Industry  Trade  and  Technology  in  Toronto,  at  the  World  Trade  Center 
Toronto and with the South Korean Trade Promotion Office in Toronto. 

Ms.  Dickson  has  an  extensive  background  in  promoting  trade,  foreign  direct  investment, 
science and technology and in trade and economic policy and negotiations.  

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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy 

Silver Tammik 

Silver  Tammik  has  been  working  for  the  Estonian  Ministry  of  Economic  Affairs  for  almost 
10 years. He has been responsible for the strategic and budgetary planning processes and 
has  also  been  actively  involved  in  the  development  of  national  strategies  for  different 
sectors.  From  2006  he  has  acted  as  a  counsellor  for  telecommunications  and  information 
society in the Permanent Representation of Estonia to the EU.  

Nicola Westmore 

Nicola  Westmore  has  had  a  varied  career  in  the  UK  Government  in  strategic  policy 
development  across  both  central  government  and  its  agencies.  She  joined  The  G-Cloud 
Programme in July 2011 focussing on shaping government’s approach on cloud computing 
and is currently the deputy Programme Director. She has particular interest and expertise 
in the area of information rights. As champion for data protection across government from 
2007 to 2009, Nicola lead a team in the Ministry of Justice, shaping the UK’s policy in this 
area.  During  her  tenure,  Nicola  oversaw  changes  to  primary  and  secondary  legislation  to 
increase the powers and penalties available to the Information Commissioner’s Office.  

Henri Rauch 

Henri Rauch is a senior Strategist at the Association of Dutch Municipalities, more precisely 
its  Quality  Institute  KING.  He  developed  the  KING’s  long  term  strategy.  From  2010  until 
2012  he  was  active  as  a  Programme  Manager  at  the  Dutch  Ministry  of  Interior,  designing 
The Netherlands iStrategy(Link) and the Government Cloud Strategy. 

Before  that  Henri  was  active  as  a  Principal  Consultant  at  Capgemini  Consulting 
(2006  –  2010)  developing  the  EU  Account  of  Capgemini  Global  and  coordinating 
Capgemini’s  actions  towards  the  European  Commission.  In  this  period  as  well  as  in  the 
period before at LogicaCMG (1996 – 2005) Henri developed several national e-Government 
programs for Dutch government, as well in the e_Authentication range as for eGovernment 
for businesses.  

Before that (1989 – 1996) Henri worked as an Entrepreneur at Rauch Impuls, commencing 
as  an  unspecific  consulting  business  and  developing  into  a  logistic  consultancy.  Pioneer  in 
the  concept  of  European  Distribution  Centre:  a  way  to  create  an  operational  distribution 
Centre within 11 months in the Netherlands “gateway to Europe”. Leader of a consortium of 
7 companies that worked together to make this possible. 

Henri is a Mathematical Engineer form the Delft Technical University (1984). 

Henri  is  enrolled  as  National  Expert  for  the  European  Commission  and  involved  as  an 
evaluator to the European Commission for the Framework 7 Program. 

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Mark Lange 

Mark  Lange  is  Director,  EU  Institutional  Relations,  in  the  Microsoft  Legal  and  Corporate 
Affairs department in Brussels.  He has been based in Microsoft’s European offices in Paris 
and  Brussels  since  1998.  Mark’s  roles  in  Europe  and  EMEA  have  focused  on  regulatory 
affairs  and  business  strategies  with  respect  to  cloud  computing,  standards,  intellectual 
property, and international trade.   

Prior  to  joining  Microsoft,  Mark  worked  for  the  law  firm  of  Covington  &  Burling  in  its 
Washington,  D.C.  and  Brussels  offices  from  1989  to  1998.  He  graduated  from  the 
University of Virginia in 1981, and from Northwestern University Law School in 1989.  

Mark became a French citizen in 2010. 


Mark’s  current  work  on  cloud  computing  focuses  on  the  policy  framework  and  business
 
services  that  will  enable  Europe  to  capture  the  economic  benefits  of  this  technology
 
evolution in a digital single market.
 

Sameer Verma 

Sameer Verma works as the Vice President in SAP’s Corporate Strategy Group. In his role 
he enables the definition of SAP’s strategy and transformation and helps execute all aspects 
of strategy and transformation to help SAP and its customer’s run better like never before. 
The group reports to the Office of the Co-CEO’s. 

Sameer  has  over  14  years  of  experience  in  the  software  industry,  majority  of  which  has 
been with SAP. Before taking a role in the Corporate Strategy Group, Sameer was driving 
the  execution  of  the  Strategic  Investments  in  development  area  of  SAP’s  Business  Suite, 
prior  to  that  he  served  as  the  executive  director  and  customer  officer  of  SAP  Business 
Suite.  He  has  held  several  key  roles  in  the  product  development  areas  of  SAP  including 
some of the key strategic developments for our key customers.  

Sameer has a degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from India. He has served 
as an active member of the Operations Research Society of India 

Jakob Kucharczyk 

Jakob Kucharczyk joined the Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA) in 
June  2010.  In  his  capacity  as  Director,  CCIA  Europe,  he  is  responsible  for  closely 
monitoring and evaluating policy developments at European Union level in the association’s 
Brussels office.  He is also involved in the formulation of CCIA’s policy positions in the EU. 

Before  joining  the  CCIA,  he  completed  a  traineeship  at  the  European  Commission  in  DG 
Enterprise  and Industry. Working for the Automotive Unit, he was actively involved in the 
preparation  of  new  legislative  proposals  and  the  corresponding  impact  assessments. 
Furthermore,  he  was  dealing  with  EU  regional  funds  during  two  internships  at  the  Saxon 
State  Ministry  of  Economic  Affairs  and  Labour  and  the  Polish  Ministry  of  Regional 
Development  in  Warsaw  where  he  was  responsible  for  the  implementation  of  EU  cross-
border regional initiatives. 

Mr.  Kucharczyk  received  his  BA  degree  in  European  Studies  from  Maastricht  University 
where  he  graduated  cum  laude.  He  also  holds  two  LLM  degrees  in  European  law  from 
Maastricht University where he graduated cum laude and from the University of Edinburgh. 
During both LLM studies Mr. Kucharczyk extensively focused on EU competition and internal 
market law. 

A native German speaker, Mr. Kucharczyk is also fluent in English as well as Polish and has 
a basic knowledge of French and Spanish.  

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Jörgen Gren 

Jörgen  Gren,  a  Swedish  national,  is  currently  the  head  of  unit  for  F1  –  Growth  &  Jobs  – 
Digital  Agenda  for  Europe  Coordination  and  Digital  Single  Market  Policy  Unit  – 
in DG CONNECT. 

He  recently  worked  in  DG  INFSO,  as  deputy  head  of  unit,  with  negotiating  the  financial 
framework for the Connecting Europe Facility on broadband and digital services as well as 
coordination of impact assessments. 

Jörgen  Gren  served  as  head  of  the  media  unit  (porte  parole)  for  the  2009  Swedish 
presidency. Directly prior to the Swedish presidency, he was a member of the cabinet of Ms 
Hübner, Polish commissioner for regional policy (2007-2009). 

His  career  in  the  Commission  started  in  1996  and  he  has  held  administrator  posts  in  DG 
TREN (air transport regulation) and DG REGIO (Evaluation officer, responsible for structural 
policy operations in France, Estonia, Ireland and parts of Finland). 

Jörgen started his career in the private sector working as a systems programmer for IBM in 
Sweden and, later, as head of European Affairs in Kreab-Gavin Anderson, an international 
consultancy based in Brussels.  

He  was  educated  in  France  (MA,  institut  d'études  politiques)  and  in  the  UK  at  Queens' 
college, Cambridge (M.Phil, PhD). 

In  his  free  time,  Jörgen  lectures  at  the  University  of  Sorbonne,  Paris  on  economic 
development issues and Cost-Benefit Analysis methodology. 

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ANNEX 3: PRESENTATIONS OF THE EXPERTS  

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Presentations by Yong Woo LEE  

e-GOVERNMENT OF KOREA  

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Presentation by Catherine DICKSON 

INTRODUCTION 

Thank  you  very  much  for  the  kind  invitation  to  speak  with  you  today  to  provide  an 
overview  of  Canada’s  experience  to  date  with  e-governance  issues.    Canada  has  been 
providing  e-services  to  our  citizens  since  2004  and  we  continue  to  focus  on  modernizing 
government and improving the delivery of services to citizens and businesses securely and 
in a manner that respects their privacy.  

As Canadians, we have a unique advantage. We are a relatively small population in a very 
large territory (second largest in the world, to be exact). Pragmatically, with such a small 
population (35 million) we can get our leaders easily into one room to make decisions. But 
more importantly, as Canadians, we respect each others’ differences.  We like to solve our 
problems for the benefit of all Canadians. And that is exactly the approach we are taking to 
tackling the identity challenges in this new digitally-enabled world. 

Specifically, I’ll speak to three themes: 

 

 

 

first, the context in which we operate; 

second, our successes  so far; and 

third, our way forward for Federating Identity. 

THE ENVIRONMENT 

The evidence is telling: 

 

the  average  Canadian  spends  43.5  hours  a  month  on  the  Internet  –  almost  twice  the 

worldwide average of 23.1 hours - according to Web research firm comScore Inc.’s 

  89% use credit cards online; and  

  80%  of  boomers  aged  45-64  use  the  Internet,  and  Internet  use  by  those  aged  65-74 

has doubled in recent years 

In  short,  Canadians  are  quickly  moving  towards  a  digital  society,  and  the  Internet  has 
evolved  to  become  a  critical  enabler  for  the  Canadian  economy  and  a  major  driver  of 
change in both the public and private sectors. 

Canadians  now  expect  that  online  government  services  are  as  secure,  confidential  and 
user-friendly  as  they  would  expect  in  a  physical  office  setting.    And  they  expect  their 
privacy to be protected.  

The  Canadian  government  is  responding  to  the  expectations  of  Canadians.      We  are 
streamlining information technology networks, data centres, and e-mail systems. 

We  are  also  pursuing  opportunities  to  improve  the  way  we  deliver  services  to  Canadians 
through collaborating with other jurisdictions, (our Provinces and Territories), and, with the 
private sector (such as the banks and telcos). 

The  reality  today,  however,  is  that  governments  still  delivers  services  to  citizens  and 
businesses independently, making it time consuming and costly for citizens and businesses 
to navigate across multiple departments to get the services they need. 

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We are hard at work to find a way to changing this traditional model of service delivery – 
moving  away  from  the  stovepipe  approache  and  aiming  to  achieve  a  future  where  the 
citizens become the centre of their own service delivery model. 

Federating  identity  is  major  stepping  stone  towards  achieving  a  citizen-centric  model. 
Identity  is  at  the  heart  of  public  administration  and  government  services.  Federating 
identity  is  about  trusting  identity  information  between  organizations  and  accepting  an 
identity established by another department, jurisdiction, or even another country. 

WHAT WE’VE ACHIEVED SO FAR 

When Canada first started putting its government services online through Government On-
Line,  our  goal  was  to  become  the  government  most  connected  to  its  citizens  therefore 
providing  Canadians  with  access  to  all  government  information  and  services  online  at  a 
time and place of their choosing. 

We have been successful in achieving this initial goal and a  great deal of our success was 
the result of collaboration with the provincial and territorial partners and the private sector 
to improve the many ways we serve Canadians. 

However,  as  everyone  is  this  workshop  is  aware,  the  online  service  delivery  paradigm 
continues to evolve. It’s no longer just about moving service transactions online; it’s about 
building relationships of trust and digitally-enabling every aspect of daily life. You only need 
to  look  as  far  as  your  mobile  smart  phone  or  tablet  to  appreciate  how  these  new 
technologies have changed since this rise of the browser. 

One  of  the  greatest  risks  we  face  as  governments  is  not  keeping  up  with  advances  in 
technology  and  citizens’  expectations  which  requires  continually  improving  the  delivery  of 
government services at lower cost, with higher service quality and having broader reach to 
all Canadians. 

As  transactions  become  “higher  in  value”,  that  is,  in  terms  of  increasing  and  valuable 
personal  information  involved  in  the  transaction,  our  confidence  relies  heavily  on  knowing 
who  is  really  on  the  other  side  of  the  transaction.  Are  you  dealing  with  the  same  person 
you did yesterday? Do you really know who this person is? Is this person really  who they 
say they are? 

In  2008,  Canada  began  to  review  its  approach  to  authentication  and  what  we  called  the 
Cyber  Authentication  Renewal  strategy  was  developed.  This  strategy  set  out  several 
foundational  principles  that  shaped  the  future  of  authentication  solutions  for  the 
Government  of  Canada.  The  key  principles  outlined  in  this  strategy  were  simple  yet 
fundamental: 

 

separation of identity from credential or authentication,  

  use standardised technology components and services;  

  allow for multiple levels of assurance to manage different levels of risk depending upon 

the sensitivity of the transaction;  

  enable multiple service providers; and finally, 

  provide a flexible and seamless experience for Canadians who should have a choice of 

online authentication service provider. 

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In December of 2012, the Government of Canada successfully completed its Federation of 
Credentials Phase resulting two new authentication services available to Canadians: 

 

the  Credential  Broker  Service  that  will  enable  Canadians  to  use  their  online 

authentication previously issued to them by their financial institutions; and, 

  GCKey, for Canadians who wish to use online credentials issued by the Government of 

Canada. 

Since then we have witnessed a dramatic uptake of these services: 

  Over  400,000  Canadians  are  using  the  Credential  Broker  Service,  meaning  they 

are using their bank credentials to securely access Government of Canada Services 

  Over 1.4 million individuals are using GCKey to access services. It should be noted 

that GCKey is available to non-Canadians, such as those who are applying online for 

immigration. 

PATH FORWARD: FEDERATING IDENTITY 

Canada is now moving into the next major phase: Federating Identity.  

Federating  identity  is  about  trusting  identities  that  have  been  established  by  other 
jurisdictions.  It’s  about  trusting  the  identity  information  provided  by  an  individual 
requesting  a  government  service:  trusting  that  the  information  is  accurate  and  that  the 
individual is using their own identity information. 

Federating identity is crucial for government because so many valued downstream services 
and  benefits  depend  on  identity.   Solutions  must  be  found  to  ensure  that  an  individual  is  
using their real name or using their own legitimate documents and to ensure their privacy. 
This is difficult to do in the physical world; it is that more challenging in the online world. 

Work to date has concluded that in order for Canadians to maintain confidence in the digital 
economy,  they  need  to  know  with  whom  they  are  dealing  online,  where  identification  is 
accomplished  digitally,  without  paper  documents  or  face-to-face  visits,  and  in  a  way  that 
protects  sensitive  information,  uses  an  “ask  me  once”  approach,  and  respects  the  privacy 
of the individual. 

We  are  in  the  process  of  establishing  a  Digital  Identification  and  Authentication  Council 
(DIAC)  which  will  include  representatives  of  the  public  and  private  sector  membership  to 
underpin a modernised payments system and be an anchor to the modernization of service 
delivery throughout the Canadian economy while respecting Canadians’ privacy 

In  this  next  phase,  will  incorporate  a  pan-Canadian  approach,  whereby  different 
jurisdictions  should  be  able  to  rely  on  one  another  to  securely  authenticate  individuals 
online  regardless  of  the  originating  jurisdiction  and using  trusted  online  credentials  issued 
by trusted partners. 

Today,  within  the  federal  government  and  across  the  provinces,  territories  and 
municipalities,  the  formalization  of  federating  identity  has  begun.  A  pan  Canadian 
assurance  model  has  been  developed  in  collaboration  with  the  different  Canadian 
jurisdictions,  and  represents  a  foundation  for  agreement  and  interoperability.  Building  on 
this model, Canada is developing policy instruments to ensure consistent identity practices 
across federal departments and which will support federating identity between departments 
and with other jurisdictions. 

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We are optimistic that in the near future a citizen will be able to use their secure provincial 
or  territorial  credential  —  such  as  their  provincial  health  card  —  to  access  federal 
government  online  services.  Alternatively,  provincial  and  territorial  programs  and  services 
could  benefit  from  relying  upon  identity  assurances  generated  within  the  federal 
government. 

This  federated  model  enables  the  government  to  confidently  offer  high-value  online 
programs  and  services  in  a  secure  way.  It  also  makes  it  easier  for  users  to  access  and 
move  between  different  orders  of  government  services  without  the  need  to  re-identify 
themselves. 

CONCLUSION 

From  Government  On-Line  to  Cyber  Authentication  Renewal  and  finally  to  Federating 
Identity, Canada is evolving its strategy to support Canada advance as a digital society.  

There’s  no  doubt  that  we  are  in  the  midst  of  rapid  technological  change.  These  changes 
hold exciting opportunities for governments to transform the way they serve their citizens. 
In  moving  forward,  Canada  will  continue  to  earn  the  trust  of  Canadians  through  the 
delivery of online services while respecting privacy, ensuring security and providing choice. 

Thank you for your attention.  

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ADDITIONAL READING 

Links to publicly available documents 

The Treasury Board Secretariat paper:  Federating Identity Management in the Government 
of Canada: A Backgrounder: http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/sim-gsi/si-is/docs/ident-eng.asp 

TBS Policy Instruments 

Standard on Identity and Credential Assurance 
http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=26776 

Guideline on Defining Authentication Requirements  
http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=26262 

The link to the Pan-Canadian Paper on Trusting Identities that was finalised May 2011 
http://www.iccs-isac.org/en/km/transformative/pdf/trust.asp 

The Pan-Canadian Assurance Model –the document and accompanying workshop slides: 
http://www.iccs-isac.org/en/km/transformative/pdf/assurance.asp 

The  links  to  the  final  report  of  the  Task  Force  for  the  Payments  System  Review,  entitled 
Moving Canada into the Digital Age. 
http://www.fin.gc.ca/n12/12-030-eng.asp  (English) 
http://www.fin.gc.ca/n12/12-030-fra.asp  (French) 

The  supporting  discussion  papers,  specifically  –  Going  Digital:  Transitioning  to  Digital 
Payments  –  Chapter  5  which  has  the  discussion  on  Digital  Identity.  It  can  be  found 
at these links: 
http://paymentsystemreview.ca/wp-content/themes/psr-esp-hub/documents/r03_eng.pdf (English) 
http://paymentsystemreview.ca/wp-content/themes/psr-esp-hub/documents/r03_fra.pdf  (French) 

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