REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL The European Schools system in 2012
Date: 2013-10-31
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: European school, education statistics, educational reform













EUR-Lex - 52013DC0714 - EN











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52013DC0714

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL The European Schools system in 2012 /* COM/2013/0714 final */









TABLE OF CONTENTS
1........... Introduction.................................................................................................................... 4
2........... Situation in the schools.................................................................................................... 4
2.1........ Alicante.......................................................................................................................... 4
2.2........ Bergen........................................................................................................................... 4
2.3........ Brussels.......................................................................................................................... 5
2.4........ Culham........................................................................................................................... 5
2.5........ Frankfurt........................................................................................................................ 6
2.6........ Karlsruhe....................................................................................................................... 6
2.7........ Luxembourg................................................................................................................... 6
2.8........ Mol................................................................................................................................ 6
2.9........ Munich........................................................................................................................... 7
2.10...... Varese........................................................................................................................... 7
3........... Budgetary developments and
challenges.......................................................................... 7
4........... Political developments and
challenges.............................................................................. 8
4.1........ Accredited schools......................................................................................................... 8
4.2........ Overcrowding / infrastructure.......................................................................................... 9
4.3........ Cost-sharing by the Member States.............................................................................. 10
4.4........ Category III school fees................................................................................................ 10
4.5........ Legal cases................................................................................................................... 11
4.6........ Internal audit................................................................................................................. 11
5........... Pedagogical and organisational
developments and challenges......................................... 11
5.1........ The European baccalaureate reform.............................................................................. 11
5.2........ Actions for pupils with Special
Education Needs (SEN)................................................ 12
5.3........ Organisation of studies in the
secondary cycle................................................................ 12
6........... Future challenges.......................................................................................................... 12
1.           Introduction
2012 was a relatively stable year for the European
Schools system (ESS) with the ambition to maintain the high quality of teaching
whilst trying to continuously control the budget. Indeed, the efficient use of
resources, together with the budget allocated proved sufficient for a smooth
running of the system in 2012. Some impact of decisions taken in 2011 was
already felt and further measures were decided upon in 2012 that should have a
positive influence on the ESS in the years to come.
However, the continuously growing number of
pupils together with the lack of consensus between the Member States on the
cost-sharing issue still constitutes a stark challenge for the system. With
some Member States not fulfilling their obligations concerning seconding
teachers and providing infrastructure, the EU financial contribution to the ESS
budget has yet again increased in 2012, and the situation will most likely
aggravate if a sustainable solution to the problem is not found. The Commission
is therefore urging the Member States to advance in the debate on the sharing
of costs.
In Brussels and Luxembourg major events
included the opening of the Brussels IV school in Laeken and the Luxembourg II
school in Bertrange/Mamer. However, the number of pupils in the Brussels schools is constantly growing and several of the Brussels schools remain
seriously overpopulated. The Commission together with the Secretariat-General
of the European Schools have been insisting throughout 2012 to obtain a formal proposal
from the Belgian authorities concerning the location of a future fifth school
in Brussels. 
2.           Situation
in the schools
2.1.        Alicante
The school population rose slightly and reached
1052 pupils at the beginning of the school year 2012/2013[1]. For the first time since its
creation ten years ago, category I[2]
pupils constitute more than half (54.8%) of the school's population. These are
mainly children of the employees of the Office for the Harmonisation of the
Internal Market (OHIM). There are four linguistic sections in the school (DE,
EN, ES and FR), of which, as in previous years, Spanish is the most populated
one (37.2%).
2.2.        Bergen
The number of pupils continued to decrease and
went down to 556, from 578 in the school year 2011/2012, and 595 in 2010/2011.
The majority of pupils (80.4%) are those of category III (447). The number of
category I pupils (108) has slightly increased and constitutes 19.4% of the total
school population. The school celebrated its 50th anniversary in
2013, with the highlight of the festivities being the visit of Her Majesty
Queen Beatrix in March.
2.3.        Brussels
There is a continuous growth of the population
of pupils in the European Schools of Brussels, which at the beginning of the
school year 2012/2013 reached 10 606 pupils, as compared to 10285 the year
before (+ 3.1%). Some of the schools remained drastically overcrowded; however
the opening of the new premises for the school of Brussels IV in Laeken in
September 2012 did slightly contribute to the decrease of number of pupils in
the school of Brussels I and contributed to stabilise the population in
Brussels II and III.
The school of Brussels I in Uccle saw the
biggest reduction in pupils, with a decrease from 3131 in 2011/2012 to 3040 in
2012/2013. Due to the renovation works planned by the "Régie des
Bâtiments"[3]
in the so called Fabiola building it was decided to temporarily move all the
nursery and primary 1 sections to the site in Berkendael from September 2012
until the end of the 2014/2015 school year when the works are planned to be
completed. 
The school in Woluwe, Brussels II, hosts the
biggest population of all the European Schools, with 3144 pupils at the
beginning of the school year 2012/2013. The opening of the new bus parking improved
the security of the internal playground of the school as the more than 50
school buses do not need to enter the school yard premises anymore.
With 2892 pupils enrolled in September 2012,
the population of the school in Ixelles, Brussels III, is stable compared to
the previous school year thanks to the enrolment policy in force in the ES in Brussels[4]. However, the school is still
overcrowded which causes daily practical difficulties especially in the common
facilities (library, sports hall, playground, etc.).
1530 pupils started the 2012/2013 school year
on the new premises of the school of Brussels IV in Laeken. The new site was
officially inaugurated on 24 October 2012 by President Barroso, Vice-president Šefčovič
, State Secretary Verherstraeten and Minister Smets, in the presence of Their
Majesties King Albert II and Queen Paola. There are six language sections in
the school, including the newly created Bulgarian one. In addition a Romanian
section will open in September 2013, as confirmed by the Romanian
representatives at the Board of Governors' meeting in December 2012. 
The school in Laeken will reach its full
capacity sooner than expected. Given the continued growth trend in the number
of pupils enrolled to the Brussels schools and the overpopulation in some of
the schools there is an evident need for a fifth school to be opened in
Brussels by 2015 as requested by the Board of Governors of the European Schools
already in 2010. 
2.4.        Culham
Following the decision of the Board of
Governors of 2007 to gradually phase out the type I European School by 2017[5] no pupils were admitted at the
nursery and primary 1 level, and the school population has decreased by 8.5%,
from 745 in 2011 to 682 at the beginning of the school year 2012/2013.
The new Free School managed by the national
authorities has been opened on the Culham site since September 2012 and it
accommodates the two nursery years and primary year 1 and 2. It will share the
infrastructure with the European School of Culham until 2017 and will take it over
after its definitive closure.
2.5.        Frankfurt
In 2012 the Frankfurt school celebrated its 10th
anniversary, with a yet again higher number of pupils. The school saw an
increase of the population by 4.8%, growing from 1136 at the beginning of the
school year 2011/2012 to 1191 in September 2012. The majority of pupils (823)
in the school belong to category I, being mainly the children of the staff of
the European Central Bank. The saturation problems the school has been suffering
from for years have increased and are likely to become even more serious with
the expected increase of the European Central Bank staff in relation to Banking
Supervision. At the request of the Commission and the Office of the
Secretary-General of the ES (OSGES) the issue will be discussed by the Board of
Governors in 2013.
2.6.        Karlsruhe
The pupil population in the school of Karlsruhe
continued to decrease and reached at the beginning of the school year 2012/2013
the total of 911 pupils, of which only 173 are category I pupils (19%).
Category III pupils are still the most numerous, but their number decreased
over the years from 524 in 2009 to 484 in 2012 (53%). Karlsruhe has the highest
amount of contracts signed with companies of all the schools, and the biggest
share of category II pupils (28% in 2012/2013). The European School of Karlsruhe was inaugurated in 1963 and festivities commemorating its 50th
anniversary take place during the whole 2012/2013 school year. 
2.7.        Luxembourg
A new chapter has started for the European Schools
in Luxembourg with the opening of the new premises at Bertrange/Mamer for the
Luxembourg II school in September 2012.
2715 pupils started the new school year in the school of Luxembourg I. Since the cohabitation of the school premises with the Luxembourg
II school finished with the opening of the latter in Betrange/Mamer in October
2012, the overcrowding problem was solved for the Luxembourg I school. Being
the oldest of all the European Schools, Luxembourg I celebrated its 60th
anniversary in 2013.
The new site for the school of Luxembourg II was officially inaugurated in the presence of Vice-President Šefčovič and
Ministers Wiseler and Delvaux-Stehres on 1 October 2012. The school
accommodated 1965 pupils in eight language sections (Czech, German, Danish,
Greek, English, French, Hungarian and Italian). The Luxembourg authorities
helped to put into place transport services for the pupils of the
Bertrange/Mamer school and provided a free of charge shuttle service between
the two school sites.
2.8.        Mol
The European School of Mol welcomed 744 pupils
at the beginning of the school year 2012/2013 (23 less than the year before),
out of which 593 were category III pupils and 140 category I. The size of the
German section went down again from 72 in 2011 to 64 in 2012. The Dutch and the
English sections count 263 and 262 pupils respectively, whereas the French one
155.
2.9.        Munich
For another year the school of Munich observed a steady growth of its pupil population, due to the increasing number of staff
in the European Patent Office. 78% of the 2063 pupils were of category I, and
the school is obliged to apply a restrictive enrolment policy until 2017, when
the construction of an extension to the school is due to be completed. 
2.10.      Varese
The school population in the Varese school
remained stable, with 1384 pupils enrolled at the start of the school year
2012/2013. More than half of the pupils belong to category I, and the number of
category II pupils continues to decrease due to the on-going crisis. 
Despite the promises from the Italian
authorities and reminders sent by the Commission, the EUR 400 000 lump sum meant
for the improvement of the infrastructure has not been paid to the school yet.
3.           Budgetary
developments and challenges
The overall 2012 budget adopted for the
European Schools system stayed relatively stable with a slight increase. Thanks
to the structural measures decided in 2011, the execution of the 2012 budget even
produced a surplus. These measures included the adjustment of the salary scale
for the seconded staff and locally recruited teachers to that of the EU
officials following the EU Staff Regulations reform in 2004 and a more
effective organisation of courses. Also, the salaries of the seconded staff and
administrative and ancillary staff (AAS) recruited after 2007 were not
increased in 2012.They are ruled by a method parallel to the one on the
salaries of EU staff which have not increased since July 2011 as the Council of
Ministers refused to adopt the decision on their adaptation. Further decisions
taken in 2012, like the increase of school fees for category III pupils, should
have a budgetary impact for the following years.
There was a 2.1% increase (3.1% in Brussels) in the total number of pupils enrolled in the European Schools compared to 2011,
from 23 367 to 23 869[6].
With 18 017 pupils, category I pupils constitute just over 75% of all the
European Schools' population. The economic crisis was again reflected in a
further decrease of category II pupils, which accounted for just below 5%. The
number of category III pupils fell again as well, to 4 695, and accounts for
just below 20% on average. The fall is also a result of the current economic
context, and in addition of a very restrictive enrolment policy in place in the
overcrowded Brussels schools.
In 2012, the average annual cost per pupil for
all the European Schools was approximately EUR 11 506[7]. As a result of some Member
States not fulfilling their secondment quotas, the revenues were EUR 4.04M
lower than budgeted, thus increasing the percentage of the EU financial
contribution to the ESS budget to 60%. There were 105 seconded teaching posts
not filled in 2012, and the number is likely to grow in the years to come if a
tangible solution to the cost-sharing issue is not found. 
Budgetary contributions (excluding surplus
carried forward and use of reserve funds):
2012 (total: EUR 274 420 820)
2011 (total: EUR 275 214 326)
The salaries of the teachers in the ESS are
dependent on the same mechanisms as those of the staff of the EU Institutions. In
December 2012, as the decision on the salary raise was not taken, the Council
decided to cut the initially planned EU contribution to the 2013 ESS budget by
withholding an amount of approximately EUR 2.3M, corresponding to the potential
salary raise for teachers in 2012. The total budget for the ESS for 2013 was
set at EUR 288 324 192 and the EU financial contribution at EUR 171 554 083
(i.e. 59.5%).
4.           Political
developments and challenges
4.1.        Accredited
schools
Following the reform of the European Schools
system it has been possible since 2009 for the Member States to request
accreditation of national schools to enable them to offer a European curriculum
and the European Baccalaureate. Type II schools are either administered and
financed by the national education systems of the individual Member States of
the EU or private schools. They have been established close to some of the
European Agencies. Typically, they also have a large number of pupils drawn
from other backgrounds whose parents want the European type of education for
their children. Type III schools can be public but also private schools accredited
by the Board of Governors (BoG) that offer the European style of education to
their pupils, but they do not have children of the EU staff enrolled and there
is no necessity of a European Agency in the vicinity. 
Two new accredited schools opened their doors
in September 2012: a type II school, The International School of the Hague (the
 Netherlands) and a type III school in Bad Vilbel (Germany). After the
signature of the agreement on pedagogical matters between the Secretary-General
of the European Schools and the Dutch Authorities the school in The Hague will be able to approach the European Commission for the financial contribution
from the EU.
The conformity files were approved by the BoG in
December 2012 for two other schools undergoing the accreditation procedure,
namely Tallinn European Schooling (Estonia) and the European School of Copenhagen (Denmark), both due to open in September 2013.
Six national schools had been accredited in the
previous years, located in: Parma (Italy), Dunshaughlin (Ireland), Heraklion ( Greece), Helsinki (Finland), Strasbourg (France) and Manosque (France). With
the exception of Manosque, all the schools have signed the contribution
agreement with the EU and are receiving financial contributions from the
Commission. Between the school year 2009/2010 and January 2013 they have
received a total amount of EUR 11 345 706.
4.2.        Overcrowding
/ infrastructure
The overall number of enrolments of category I
pupils continued to increase in 2012 and several schools face a serious
overpopulation problem. The situation is particularly critical for the ES of
Brussels II and III, and of Frankfurt.
In Brussels, the total number of pupils reached
10 606 at the beginning of the school year 2012/2013, which is 321 more than a
year earlier. The pressure is especially on the schools in Woluwe and in Ixelles, where saturation problems lead to daily difficulties in the common facilities. In
addition, it can already be seen that even the recently opened school in Laeken
will reach its capacity limits quickly (increase of population of 44.5% in
2012). As a result a very restrictive enrolment policy is in force in the ES of
Brussels. The need for a fifth school is confirmed for 2015, and the European
Commission has continued to insist that Belgian authorities should make a proposal
on the location of the new school in Brussels. Only the provision of a fifth
school together with a proper structural revision of the distribution of the
language sections between the ES of Brussels will properly alleviate the infrastructure
problems and ensure a more efficient and economic allocation of resources. The
Secretary-General of the ES was mandated by the Board of Governors in December
2012 to present a concrete proposal for the composition of the language
sections in the fifth school for the next meeting. 
In the course of 2012, the Commission addressed
the issue of the fifth school with the Belgian authorities on several
occasions. The Vice-President also wrote to the Prime Minister Di Rupo and the
question was discussed at the EU-Belgium Task Force. In December 2012, the
Belgian Government decided to create a restricted working group (composed of
the representatives of the Belgian authorities, the Secretary General of the ES
and the Commission) to evaluate the real needs for the fifth school in Brussels
and enable taking the final decision on its potential location. The group
produced a final report in the first half of 2013, which was transmitted to the
Prime Minister. The document confirms the need for a fifth school and mentions
its possible locations.
The ES of Frankfurt is also facing more and
more severe overpopulation problems, with a high increase of category I pupils.
As a result of the decision on the Banking Supervision, a further increase of
staff in the European Central Bank is expected already at the beginning of
2013, and the already overcrowded school will have to accept quite a high
number of new pupils. As it is an obligation of the host country to provide the
infrastructure for the European school(s) on its territory, the Commission has
addressed the issue with the German authorities and is now waiting for a
proposal of concrete measures to be taken regarding an extension of the
existing site and installation of additional prefabricate containers on the
school's premises as a temporary solution.
4.3.        Cost-sharing
by the Member States
The magnitude of the European Union's financial
contribution to the European Schools system (ESS) is dependent on the size of
that of the Member States. In 2012 it was set at EUR 165.4M. However, the
structural problem of the lack of seconded teachers has become even more severe
in 2012 with 105 unfilled posts (out of which 47 Anglophone posts, 18
Francophone posts and 17 Germanophone posts) leading to a reduction of revenues
of around EUR 4.04M. 
The debate launched by the United Kingdom
during its presidency of the ESS in 2011/2012 on the sharing of costs between
the Member States, and the discussions within the working group created to deal
with that matter, did not lead to any tangible results during the year. The
issue of the cost-sharing is of utmost importance especially for the UK and Ireland, as they are requested to second many teachers due to high demand for courses in
English. French and German speaking countries also experience similar
challenges. Despite the efforts of the Commission and the UK to urge the other MS to find a constructive solution to the problem, there is no
consensus on how to cover for the deficiencies in the system. The costs of the
teachers recruited locally as a result of the lacking seconded teachers are in
the current system paid in full by the EU financial contribution.
Furthermore, the UK decision neither to second
any new teachers nor to replace those who leave their assignments puts the
European Schools system in an extremely difficult situation both financially
and in terms of practical recruitment. The Commission will continue its efforts
to achieve concrete results in the sharing of costs between the Member States.
4.4.        Category
III school fees
An important aspect of the reform of the
European Schools system decided by the Board of Governors (BoG) in April 2009
was to give more autonomy to type I European Schools concerning the
pedagogical, administrative and financial aspect of the schools' operation.
Thus, the schools' Administrative Boards have been delegated with the powers to
set the levels of school fees for the category III pupils within the limits of
a banded range. Following that decision the European Patent Office (EPO) asked
for the definition of the banded range by the BoG in April 2011. Subsequently,
a working group has been set up to propose a revision.
Within its mandate the "School Fees"
Working Group discussed the increase of the school fees for category III pupils,
and the reduction of school fees for siblings, and presented proposals to the
BoG. At its meeting in December 2012 the BoG, after intense discussions,
decided on a compromise option to increase the fees for category III pupils by
25% (+/- 5% according to each school's decision), for all children newly
enrolled in that category as of September 2013. Moreover, the reduction of fees
for the siblings was decreased to 20% for the first sibling and 40% for all the
further siblings, as of the school year 2013/2014 for all new category III children.
The Commission welcomes this decision as it will contribute to decreasing the
gap between the cost generated by category III pupils and the income received
from fees.
4.5.        Legal
cases
In 2012 there were no new cases concerning the
European Schools system presented to the Court of Justice. In February, the
Court issued a judgment in favour of the Commission on the appeal brought
against the United Kingdom (C-545/09) concerning the exclusion of the teachers
seconded to the European Schools by the UK from the salary adjustments awarded
to teachers employed in national schools for the duration of their contract. The
Commission is insisting that the UK complies with the judgement and steps are
being sought for its correct implementation.
4.6.        Internal
audit
Within the framework of a Service Level
Agreement (SLA) concluded between the Board of Governors and the Internal Audit
Service (IAS) of the Commission in 2007, the IAS has been regularly preparing
the audit action plans for the European Schools. In 2012 the IAS conducted a
risk assessment exercise the results of which served as a basis to draft the
strategic audit plan for the European Schools 2013-2015. A number of important
issues have been identified, that will require a close follow-up from the
European Schools system. The Commission will be following it closely in order
to ensure that the audit recommendations are being taken into serious
consideration by the concerned parties.
5.           Pedagogical
and organisational developments and challenges
5.1.        The
European baccalaureate reform
The impeccable organisation of the European
baccalaureate exam is a key element to the credibility of the diploma. The 2009
reform of the European Schools system had as one of its aims making the
European baccalaureate exams more efficient and less costly. In addition to
previously taken decisions on the simplified arrangements for the organisation
of the exams, in April 2012 the Board of Governors (BoG) decided on the new
structure of the question papers that will enter into force as of 2015
baccalaureate session. 
During the 2012 European baccalaureate session some
organisational problems occurred during the mathematics exams, leading to
numerous negative reactions from pupils and parents. Consequently, the Chairman
of the Examining Board of the European Baccalaureate 2012 asked an expert from
the Institute of Education at London University to produce a report that lead
to the decision that the final scores of the mathematics tests would be adjusted
and that the exam could be repeated in September by those who wished to do so. 
The Commission regrets that this type of
organisational problems occurred, as they undermine the reputation and
credibility of the diploma. At the Commission's request a special point was
added to the agenda of the Joint Teaching Committee meeting in October 2012,
where the Secretary-General of the ES explained that special steps had been
taken as recommended in the report by the expert. The Commission also requested
the Secretary General of the ES to analyse the situation in detail and propose
concrete measures that will allow avoiding such problems in the future.
Moreover, the Commission deems it necessary to clarify the legal framework to
define explicitly the procedures in case of this kind of problems. The issue
was also discussed at the BoG meeting in December 2012 and the follow-up of the
recommendations regarding the Baccalaureate 2012 will be presented to the BoG in
2013.
5.2.        Actions
for pupils with Special Education Needs (SEN)
The integration of pupils with special needs in
the European Schools is an issue of great importance for the Commission. For
another year an increase of SEN pupils was observed in the European Schools in
2012 (702 pupils in the school year 2012/2013 compared to 640 in 2011/2012 and
619 in 2010/2011)[8].
This increase shows the considerable development of the SEN policy.
Efforts have been made to group together the
pupils with the same special needs, and to better manage the SEN budget. The
total cost of SEN support in the 2012 financial year amounted to EUR 4 121 172.
At its meeting in December 2012 the Board of
Governors approved the new Policy on the Provision of Educational Support in
the European Schools[9],
a document harmonising all the objectives and principles of educational support
across the schools. It replaces all the previous documents concerning SEN
support and will enter into force in September 2013.
5.3.        Organisation
of studies in the secondary cycle
As part of the modernisation of the European
Schools system and the efforts to make it more efficient, at its meeting in
April 2012 the Board of Governors gave a mandate to the SG to propose a
revision of the organisation of studies in the secondary cycle. A working group
has been created to that effect and its aim is to propose measures allowing not
only a more efficient organisation of studies in the secondary cycle but also
to minimise the number of early school leavers. Concrete proposals will be
presented to the BoG for decision in 2013. 
6.           Future
challenges
In the continued difficult financial climate,
the main challenge for the European Schools system in the forthcoming years
will be to keep providing a high quality education to its pupils whilst making
every effort to modernise the structure and rationalise the system.
The reorganisation of studies in the secondary
cycle will be one of the main issues at stake in 2013. Making the system more
efficient, while maintaining the attractiveness and high quality of the
European Schools' curricula, is a challenge that must now be faced. 
The Commission is continuously concerned by the
difficulties that certain Member States seem to have in meeting their
obligations, both in seconding the teachers and in terms of infrastructure. It
will therefore strive to find a consensus on the cost-sharing issue, so that
there is a balance of burden between the Member States. 
Taking into account the evident needs for
opening a fifth European School in Brussels, the Commission will persist in
requesting the Belgian authorities to propose a concrete location close to the
EU staff offices/places of residence that would meet the infrastructural needs
and the expectations of parents for whom a European School is often the sole
option for educating their children.
[1]               Statistical figures on the population of the ES are
given in the Report of the Secretary-General of the ES "Facts and Figures
on the beginning of the 2012-2013 school year in the European Schools" ( http://www.eursc.eu/fichiers/contenu_fichiers2/1842/2012-10-D-15-en-1.pdf)
[2]               The rules governing admission to the European Schools
are given in the Digest of Decisions of the BoG of the European Schools ( http://www.eursc.eu/fichiers/contenu_fichiers2/1794/2011-04-D-4-en-1.pdf)
[3]               Régie des Bâtiments: The Belgian federal agency in
charge of official buildings.
[4]               Policy on enrolment in the Brussels ES for 2012-2013
school year, document 2011-10-D-33-en-D (http://www.eursc.eu/index.php?id=248&l=2)
[5]               Due to the move of the Joint European Torus (JET) to
Cadarache (France).
[6]               See footnote 1.
[7]               Financial data given in the Annual Report of the
Financial Controller of the European Schools, document 2013-02-D-6-en-1
[8]               Figures given in "Statistics on the integration
of SEN pupils into the European Schools in the year 2012", document
2013-01-D-28-en-2
[9]               Document 2012-05-D-14-en-5