REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste within, into and out of the European Community, and on the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste Generation, treatment and transboundary shipment of hazardous waste and other waste in the Member States of the European Union, 2007-2009
Date: 2012-08-07
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: administrative check, export of waste, hazardous waste, unauthorised dumping, waste disposal

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 7.8.2012  
COM(2012) 448 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT 

on the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on 
the supervision and control of shipments of waste within, into and out of the European 
Community, and on the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of 14 June 
2006 on shipments of waste 

Generation, treatment and transboundary shipment of hazardous waste and other waste 
in the Member States of the European Union, 2007-2009 

{SWD(2012) 244 final} 

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REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT 

on the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on 
the supervision and control of shipments of waste within, into and out of the European 
Community, and on the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of 14 June 
2006 on shipments of waste 

Generation, treatment and transboundary shipment of hazardous waste and other waste 
in the Member States of the European Union, 2007-2009 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

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Introduction .................................................................................................................. 4 

Reporting by Member States........................................................................................ 5 

Generation of hazardous waste .................................................................................... 5 

Waste Shipment out of Member States........................................................................ 6 

Waste shipment into Member States............................................................................ 8 

Illegal shipments, inspections and enforcement measures........................................... 9 

General conclusions on the state of implementation.................................................. 10 

Next steps ................................................................................................................... 10 

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DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING THE GENERATION, TREATMENT AND SHIPMENT 
OF HAZARDOUS WASTE AND OTHER WASTE IN THE EU MEMBER STATES, 
2007-2009 

1. 

INTRODUCTION 

Transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal are governed by the Basel 
Convention of 22 March 1989 to which the European Union (EU) is a Party. 

The EU has set up a system for the supervision and control of shipments of waste within its 
borders  together  with  the  countries  of  the  European  Free  Trade  Association  (EFTA),  the 
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other third countries 
that  are  Parties  to  the  Convention.  Regulation  (EC)  No  1013/2006  on  shipments  of  waste1 
transposes the Convention into Union law. 

Each  calendar  year,  Member  States  submit  a  report  to  the  Convention  Secretariat  for  the 
previous calendar year which addresses legal provisions, implementation, and environmental 
protection  measures.  The  report  is  also  sent  to  the  Commission  along  with  additional 
information  in  the  form  of  a  questionnaire2.  Every  three  years,  the  Commission  draws  up  a 
report  based  on  the  reports  provided  by  the  Member  States3.  This  addresses  shipment 
restrictions, monitoring, measures against illegal shipments, and financial coverage. 

The first Commission report  covered  the years 1997-2000 and was published in 20064. The 
second  report  covered  the  years  2001-2006  and  appeared  in  20095  .  This  is  the  third 
implementation report and covers the years 2007-2009. Detailed information on the Member 
States’ responses to both the Basel and the Commission questionnaires for the years 2007 to 
2009  can  be  found  in  Sections  B  and  E  of  the  Commission  staff  working  document 
accompanying this Report. Quantitative data on generation, treatment and shipment of waste 
are summarised in the tables and figures of Section A of the working document. 

It should be noted that the Basel Convention uses the terms "import" and "export" for every 
shipment into and out of a country that is Party to the Convention. Under EU law these terms 
apply  only  to  shipments  into  and  out  of  the  EU  as  a  whole.  However,  for  the  sake  of 
readability, in this report the terms appear in inverted commas, and are used occasionally for 
waste shipments in general. In the working document, both terms appear in the sense in which 
they are used in the Basel Convention. 

Under Article 60(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006, within five years after 12 July 2007, 
the  Commission  shall  review  the  implementation  of  Article  12(1)(c)  (objections  to  planned 
waste  shipments  for  recovery  not  in  accordance  with  national  legislation  in  the  country  of 
dispatch), including its effect on environmental protection and the functioning of the internal 
market.  In  preparation  for  this  review,  in  2010  the  Commission  requested  information  from 
the  Member  States  as  regards  the  application  of  Article  12(1)(c).  Apart  from  three  minor 

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OJ L 190, 12.7.2006, p.1. 
Decision 1999/412/EC (OJ L 156, 23.6.1999, p. 37) and Art. 51(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006. 
Art. 41 of Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 and Art. 51 of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006. 
Commission report {SEC(2006) 1053}, 1.8.2006. 
Commission report {SEC(2009) 811}, 24.6.2009. 

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instances  in  which  the  application  of  the  provision  was  not  clearly  relevant,  Member  States 
largely responded not to have made use of this provision. 

Consequently,  so  far  the  provision  of  Article  12(1)(c)  has  had  no  effect  on  environmental 
protection  and  the  functioning  of  the  internal  market.  The  Commission  will  continue  to 
monitor  the  applicability  of  this  provision  and  may  take  appropriate  measures  as  part  of  a 
future review of the Regulation. 

2. 

REPORTING BY MEMBER STATES  

At the time this report was prepared, most Member States had replied to both the Basel and 
the  Commission  questionnaires  for  the  years  2007-2009.  Although  all  of  the  2009  reports 
should  have  been  submitted  to  the  Commission  by  31  December  2010,  additional  time  was 
permitted.  The  cut-off  date  for  the  analysis  of  the  quantitative  data  contained  in  the  Basel 
reports  was  15  July  2011.  Due  to  administrative  reasons,  the  Basel  reports  from  Greece 
(2009), Cyprus (2008 and 2009) and Malta (2007) were submitted after the cut-off date and 
could not be taken into account. The cut-off date for inclusion of the Member States’ replies 
in Sections B and E of the staff working document was 30 November 2011. By that date, the 
Czech  Republic  had  not  delivered  the  Commission  questionnaire  for  the  year  2008  and  the 
Netherlands had not done so for the year 2009. For France, all the reports for the years 2007-
2009  were  missing.  A  summary  of  the  missing  data  is  presented  in  Table  1  of  the  staff 
working  document.  While  no  infringement  cases  have  been  opened  so  far,  the  Commission 
has launched EU-Pilot requests in order to investigate the cases of the missing reports. 

Essential administrative data and information on relevant national provisions were generally 
complete  and  accurate.  Most  Member  States  reported  extensively  on  measures  to  prevent 
waste  generation.  Measures  taken  to  reduce  waste  shipments  were  reported  less  frequently. 
Information on the effects of the generation, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes 
and other wastes on human health and the environment was less extensive and in several cases 
not available. 

As regards data on illegal shipments, some Member States reported a large number of cases, 
while others reported only a few or none. There were few reports of disposals which did not 
proceed as intended and none of the Member States reported accidents occurring during the 
transboundary movement and disposal of hazardous wastes and other wastes. 

A  comparison  of  the  total  quantities  of  waste  shipped  between  Member  States  revealed 
inconsistencies in the quantities reported by different Member States for the same shipments 
which should be identical. For  hazardous waste, the total "exports"  between Member States 
are higher than the total "imports" (e.g. in 2009 the difference was 27%). For all other notified 
wastes total "imports" are higher than "exports" (e.g. in 2009 the difference  was 36%).  The 
Commission intends to work with the Member States to improve the quality of the reported 
data. 

3. 

GENERATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 

The  Basel  Convention  questionnaire  asks  all  countries  to  provide  information  on  the  total 
amount  of  hazardous  wastes  and  "other  wastes"  generated.  "Other  wastes"  in  this  context 
means  wastes  collected  from  households,  and  residues  arising  from  the  incineration  of 
household wastes, two categories of wastes requiring special consideration and being subject 

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to  similar  controls  as  hazardous  wastes  under the  Basel  Convention  (entries  Y46  and  Y47). 
Hazardous wastes are defined according to a list of waste streams and/or constituents (entries 
Y1-18  and  Y19-45)  and  certain  hazard  characteristics.  However,  if  waste  is  considered  as 
hazardous  by  domestic  legislation,  it  also  falls  under  that  definition  for  the  purposes  of  the 
Convention. 

At the time this report was prepared, the data on the total generation of hazardous waste for 
the year 2009 were still incomplete. Altogether 11 countries had not reported data on the total 
generation  of  hazardous  waste  for  2009.  There  were  four  missing  values  for  2008  (Cyprus, 
France, Italy, Spain) and three for 2007 (France, Italy, Sweden). In order to fill existing data 
gaps, estimations were carried out based on data from previous years. 

In 2009, about 77 million tonnes of hazardous waste were generated in the EU-276 of which 
about  58  million  tonnes  being  in  the  EU-157.  From  2000  to  2008,  the  total  quantity  of 
hazardous waste generated by EU-27 increased by 46%. In the same period, the increase in 
the  quantity  of  hazardous  waste  generated  by  EU-15  was  57%.  The  quantities  of  hazardous 
waste generated  in  2009 are  slightly  lower than  those in 2008 (8%,  both for EU-27 and for 
EU-15). In 2009, the total generation of hazardous waste per capita was 154 kg per year for 
the whole European Union (EU-27) with a slightly higher average of 186 kg per year in EU-
128. The observed fluctuations in the quantities of hazardous waste generation in the EU could 
be linked with fluctuations in the economic activity during the same period. 

With  about  19  million  tonnes  annually,  Germany  had  the  highest  quantities  of  hazardous 
waste  generated  in  the  period  2007-2009,  followed  by  Italy9,  Estonia10,  France,  United 
Kingdom  and  Poland.  In  the  United  Kingdom,  the  quantity  of  hazardous  waste  generated 
decreased  significantly  in  2009.  Quantities  rose  significantly  in  Poland  between  2007  and 
2008. 

In terms of hazardous waste generated per capita, Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, 
Portugal and Germany had the highest figures for the period 2007-2009. The lowest quantities 
per capita were recorded in Latvia, Romania, Lithuania and Greece. 

The  Y-codes  for  waste  under  the  Basel  Convention  were  used  very  differently  by  Member 
States. Several Member States did not report any details on the generation of hazardous waste 
at  the  level  of  Y-codes.  Some  Member  States  exclusively  reported  waste  from  households 
(Y46) and residues arising from the incineration of household waste (Y47). 

4. 

WASTE SHIPMENTS OUT OF MEMBER STATES 

All Member States except Cyprus, France, Greece and Malta have submitted information on 
outbound shipments ("exports" within the meaning of the Basel Convention) of notified waste 
covering all three years within the period 2007-2009.  

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All current Member States of the European Union. 
Countries that had joined the European Union prior to 2004. 
Countries which joined the European Union in 2004 or in 2007. 
Values for Italy and France are based on estimations. 
Data from Estonia include oil shale waste, which represents more than 95% of the total amount. 

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In 2009, the total amount of all notified waste shipped out of the EU Member States (EU-27) 
was about 11,4 million tonnes, of which about 7,2 million tonnes was hazardous waste. The 
EU-12's  share  of  all  notified  waste  shipped  out  was  only  about  2%  and  the  corresponding 
share for hazardous waste alone was about 3%. 

Shipments  of  notified  waste  out  of  Member  States  have  steadily  increased.  From  2001  to 
2009, the increase in the amount of all notified waste shipped out of Member States was 80%. 
For  shipments  of  hazardous  waste  alone,  an  increasing  trend  is  observed  until  2007.  From 
2001 to 2007, the increase in the amount of hazardous waste shipped out of Member States 
was 150%. Since 2007, the quantities of hazardous waste shipped out of Member States have 
slightly decreased (9% drop from 2007 to 2009). 

In the period 2007-2009, the biggest "exporter" of hazardous waste was the Netherlands (with 
2,8 million tonnes in 2009) followed by Italy, Belgium, France and Ireland. While shipments 
of hazardous waste out of the Netherlands decreased by 14% from 2006 to 2009 Italy reported 
an increase of 64% during that period. As regards outbound shipments of hazardous waste in 
kg per capita, the leading Member States in the period 2007-2009 were the Netherlands and 
Luxembourg followed by Ireland and Belgium. 

In the period 2007-2009, the Member State with the highest total quantities of notified waste 
shipped out was also the Netherlands (with about 3 million tonnes in 2009) followed by Italy, 
Germany, Austria and Belgium. As regards outbound shipments of all notified waste in kg per 
capita,  the  leading  Member  States  were  Luxembourg,  the  Netherlands,  Austria,  Ireland  and 
Belgium. 

In  2009,  over  90%  of  the  EU’s  hazardous  waste  was  treated  in  the  country  of  origin. 
Countries with an "export" rate of more than 40% were Luxembourg, Slovenia, Ireland, the 
Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark. 

The  group  "Y1-Y18"  represents  the  most  important  waste  category,  with  about  38%  of  the 
total quantity of all notified waste shipped out of EU-27 in 2009. The share of the category 
"Y19-Y45"  was  about  13  %  and  the  share  of  the  category  of  other  waste  (Y46-Y47)  (i.e. 
mixed  household  waste  and  incineration  residues)  was  about  10%.  Minor  quantities  (about 
1%)  were  classified  in  a  mixture  of  categories  Y1-Y45.  About  35%  of  the  shipments  were 
classified by either national or EU classification. These statistics are similar for the years 2007 
and 2008. 

In 2009, only 3% of waste was shipped without classification. In previous years (2005-2008) 
this share ranged between 7% and 14%. In the period 2007-2009, the Member States which 
shipped  out  the  largest  quantities  of  waste  without  classification  were  Germany,  France, 
Sweden, Denmark, United Kingdom and Ireland. A mixture of Y-codes was used only in rare 
cases and in small quantities. In 2008 and 2009 large quantities (0,6 million tonnes in 2008 
and 1,8 million tonnes in 2009) of non-hazardous waste were shipped out of Austria with a 
notification.  Denmark,  France,  Slovenia  and  Italy  reported  outbound  shipments  of  waste 
which were classified as "hazardous, specified by country". 

The  bulk  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  out  of  Member  States11  was  treated  in  a  recovery 
operation.  In  the  period  2007-2009,  the  share  of  recovery  ranged  from  72%  to  77%  for  the 

11 

The  expression  "waste  shipped  out  of"  Member  States  includes  shipments  within  the  EU.  The  vast 
majority of waste shipped across borders remains within the EU. 

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waste shipped out of EU-15 and EU-27, respectively. The recovery rate of the waste shipped 
out of EU-12 was even higher, ranging from 85% to 89% in the period 2007-2009. 

In  2009,  over  40%  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  out  of  EU-27  for  recovery  came  from  the 
Netherlands.  Other  Member  States  with  high  percentages  and  total  amounts  of  hazardous 
waste shipped out for recovery were France, Belgium and United Kingdom and Italy.  

In  2009,  Greece,  Bulgaria,  Cyprus,  Italy  and  Romania  shipped  hazardous  waste 
predominantly  for  disposal.  The  biggest  quantities  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  for  disposal 
came from Italy and the Netherlands.  

The vast majority of all notified outbound waste shipments in the period 2007-2009 went to 
other  EU  Member  States.  99%  of  all  notified  waste  shipped  out  of  EU-27  was  destined  for 
EU-27 and EFTA countries, and over 87% remained within the EU-15. Although the majority 
of  waste  shipped  out  of  EU-12  went  to  other  EU  Member  States,  a  non-insignificant  share 
also  went  to  non-OECD  countries  (7%  in  2009,  11%  in  2008  but  0%  in  2007).  99%  of 
hazardous waste shipped out of Member States (EU-27) was destined for EU-27 and EFTA-
countries and over 95% remained within EU-15. 

5. 

WASTE SHIPMENTS INTO MEMBER STATES 

This section is based on reports provided by 20 Member States where Cyprus, France, Greece, 
Ireland, Malta, Portugal and Romania failed to provide information for the period 2007-2009. 

In 2009, the total amount of all notified waste shipped into EU Member States was about 12,4 
million tonnes, of which about 6,7 Mt were hazardous waste. As regards the evolution of the 
amount  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  into  Member  States,  a  strong  growing  trend  can  be 
observed  until  2007.  From  2001  to  2007,  the  amount  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  into 
Member States increased by 147%. Most of these shipments involve shipments within the EU 
and  the  observed  increase  is  likely  to  be  attributed  to  the  fact  that  in  some  Member  States 
there  exist  sophisticated  installations  for  the  treatment  of  hazardous  wastes  while  other 
Member States lack such installations. 

In  2008,  the  amount  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  into  Member  States  decreased,  but  it 
increased again in 2009. The quantity for 2009 is lower than the quantity for 2007, but higher 
than the quantity for 2006. This overall development is similar for all notified waste. Between 
2001 and 2007, the quantities of all notified waste shipped into Member States increased by 
72%. 

In the period 2007-2009, the biggest "importer" of hazardous waste was Germany (with 2,7 
Mt  in  2009)  followed  by  the  Netherlands,  Belgium,  Italy,  France  and  Sweden.  Germany  is 
also clearly in first position as regards the total quantity of hazardous and other notified waste 
shipped into EU Member States (with 7,6 Mt in 2009). Other Member States with high total 
quantities  of  hazardous  and  other  notified  waste  "imported"  in  the  period  2007-2009  were 
Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden and France. As in the case of outbound shipments, 
the  EU-12  countries  play  a  lesser  role.  The  share  of  hazardous  and  other  notified  waste 
shipped  into  EU-12  was  only  about  2%.  As  regards  inbound  shipments  of  waste  in  kg  per 
capita,  the  leading  Member  States  in  the  period  2007-2009  were  Belgium,  the  Netherlands, 
Sweden and Germany, both for hazardous and for all notified waste. 

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Like  for  outbound  shipments  of  waste,  the  group  "Y1-Y18"  represents  the  most  important 
waste category, with about 29% of the total quantity of notified waste shipped into the EU-27 
Member States in 2009. The share of the category "Y19-Y45" was about 12 % and the share 
of the category of other waste (Y46-Y47) about 5% for EU-27 in 2009. This distribution is 
very similar for all reference years 2007-2009. 

In  2006,  the  category  "not  classified"  waste  still  dominated  in  the  classification  of  waste 
types,  making  up  36%  of  all  shipments  to  the  European  Union.  In  2007,  the  share  of  "not 
classified" waste was 22% and in 2009 only 13%. In 2009, waste without specification was 
shipped to Germany, Sweden, France and United Kingdom. Large quantities of waste (3,2 Mt 
in  2009)  were  shipped  to  Germany  with  the  classification  "EU-WSR  or  national  non-
hazardous waste". For 2009 and for 2008, Austria reported "imports" of non-hazardous waste 
with a notification (about 142.000 tonnes in 2009 and 96.000 tonnes in 2008). For 2007 and 
for  2009,  Italy  reported  large  quantities  of  "imports"  of  waste  classified  as  "hazardous, 
specified by country" (about 295.000 tonnes in 2007 and 705.000 tonnes in 2009). 

Most  of  the  waste  shipped  into  EU  Member  States  was  treated  in  a  recovery  operation.  In 
recent  years,  however,  the  share  of  recovery  has  decreased.  While  in  2004,  84%  of  waste 
shipped into the EU-27 Member States underwent a recovery operation, in 2009, the share of 
recovery was 70%. This trend is similar also for EU-15 alone. 

As  regards  the  percentage  of  recovery  versus  disposal,  there  are  significant  differences 
between  Member  States.  In  2008  and  2009,  more  than  40%  of  the  waste  shipped  into  the 
following  Member  States  was  treated  in  a  disposal  operation:  Austria,  Denmark,  Germany, 
and Spain. In 2009, the highest quantities of waste "imported" for disposal were reported by 
Germany (1,5 Mt), the Netherlands (135.000 tonnes) and France (102.000 tonnes). 

The bulk of the hazardous and other notified waste shipped into Member States in the period 
2007-2009  came  from  other  Member  States.  Over  97%  of  all  notified  waste  shipped  into 
Member  States  came  from  other  Member  States  or  from  EFTA-countries  and  over  84% 
originated from EU-15. For hazardous waste alone, over 96% came from other Member States 
or from EFTA countries and over 80% from EU-15. The share of waste originating from non-
OECD countries was minimal both for hazardous waste and for all notified waste. 

6. 

ILLEGAL SHIPMENTS, INSPECTIONS AND ENFORCEMENT MEASURES 

Most  Member  States  stated  that  there  had  been  cases  of  illegal  shipments  of  waste  in  the 
period  2007-2009.  While  some  Member  States  reported  a  large  number  of  cases,  others 
reported  only  a  few  or  none.  The  countries  reporting  the  highest  numbers  of  cases  were 
Germany,  the  Netherlands,  Belgium,  United  Kingdom  and  Austria  (representing  more  than 
70% of the reported cases for the period 2007-2009). 

For 2009, Member States reported around 400 cases of illegal shipments of waste, with some 
of  the  cases  probably  having  been  reported  in  duplicate,  once  by  the  country  of  destination 
and once by the country of dispatch. For 2009, about half of the illegal shipments reported by 
Member  States  were  shipments  between  Member  States  while  the  other  half  involved 
shipments into or out of the EU. It should be borne in mind, however, that the total number of 
illegal shipments is considerably higher than the ones officially reported. For instance, after 
the  reporting  period  (2007-2009),  joint  enforcement  actions  of  IMPEL-tfs  showed  that  over 

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20%  of  shipments  containing  waste  in  the  EU  did  not  comply  with  Regulation  (EC)  No 
1013/200612. 

The most common reasons for illegality were that the shipment of waste was effected without 
notification  to  the  relevant  competent  authorities  or  contrary  to  a  prohibition  on  shipments 
under Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006. Typical response measures included the return of the 
waste to the country of origin and the setting of a fine.  

Measures  applied  by  Member  States  to  detect  illegal  shipments  included  regular  border 
controls and regular monitoring of facilities generating and/or treating waste, spot checks of 
cross-border shipments and of facilities generating and/or treating waste and spot checks on 
national roads. Most Member States also provided detailed data about the number of checks 
on shipments of waste or on the related recovery or disposal and about the number of illegal 
shipments  actually  detected  during  these  checks.  The  number  of  controls  and  spot  checks 
performed in the EU varies greatly among Member States. For 2009, best practices on spot-
checks  were  demonstrated  by  Poland  with  approximately  40  spot-checks  for  every  1000 
tonnes of hazardous waste shipped into or out of the country. For the majority of the Member 
States this benchmark is at least 10 times lower. 

7. 

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON THE STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION 

Reporting 

For  the  period  2007-2009,  the  response  rates  for  both  the  Basel  and  the  Commission 
questionnaires were nearly 100%. However, most Member States did not supply their reports 
on time. Some Basel reports were received after the cut-off date of 15 July 2011 and therefore 
could not be taken into account in the analysis of quantitative data. Generally, Member States 
submitted  sufficient  information  on  waste  shipments  and  on  relevant  administrative  issues, 
national provisions and policies. 

Data quality 

In  a  large  number  of  cases,  data  reported  by  the  country  of  dispatch  differ  from  the  data 
reported by the country of destination. In 2009, the difference between reported "export" and 
"import"  of  hazardous  waste  between  EU  Member  States  was  about  27%,  "exports"  being 
higher  than  "imports".  In  the  same  year,  the  difference  between  reported  "export"  and 
"import" of other notified wastes between EU Member States was about 36%, but "imports" 
were higher than "exports". 

Waste classification 

The  lack  of  appropriate  Basel  codes  for  certain  hazardous  wastes  often  hinders  transparent 
reporting. However, the situation has improved since countries are now able to use the codes 
of the European List of Waste (ELW)13. In order to harmonise the reporting, Member States 
are  strongly  encouraged  to  also  include  the  codes  of  the  ELW  in  their  reports.  Moreover, 
consistent  use  of  the  ELW  codes  would  help  achieve  better  reporting  on  non-hazardous 
wastes that are not covered by the categories Y46 and Y47 or any specific Basel codes, and 

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A detailed report is available on: http://impel.eu/projects/enforcement-actions-ii.  
Wastes listed in the Annex to Commission Decision 2000/532/EC (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3). 

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the  export  of  which  is  subject  to  the  procedure  of  prior  written  notification  and  consent  in 
accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006. 

Waste generation 

In 2009, about 77 million tonnes of hazardous waste were generated in EU-27. From 2000 to 
2008, the total quantity of hazardous waste generated by EU-27 countries increased by 46%. 
The quantities of hazardous waste generated in 2009 are slightly lower than those in 2008. 

Waste shipments 

In  the  period  2007-2009,  the  total  amount  of  all  notified  waste  shipped  out  of  EU  Member 
States  was  about  33,1  million  tonnes,  of  which  about  22,9  million  tonnes  were  hazardous 
waste.  99%  of  hazardous  waste  shipped  out  of  Member  States  was  destined  for  EU-27  and 
EFTA-countries and over 95% remained within EU-15. 

In  the  period  2007-2009,  the  total  amount  of  all  notified  waste  shipped  into  EU  Member 
States was about 37 million tonnes, of which about 20,5 million tonnes were hazardous waste. 
Over 96% of hazardous waste came from other Member States or from EFTA countries and 
over 80% from EU-15. 

Illegal shipments 

For  2009,  Member  States  reported  about  400  cases  of  illegal  shipments  of  waste  while  the 
total number of such shipments is believed to be considerably higher.. For 2009, about half of 
the  illegal  shipments  reported  were  shipments  between  Member  States  while  the  other  half 
involved shipments into or out of the EU. The number of controls and spot-checks performed 
in the EU varies greatly among Member States. 

8. 

NEXT STEPS 

Between  25  January  and  12  April  2011,  the  Commission  carried  out  a  public  stakeholder 
consultation  on  ways  to  strengthen  the  inspections  and  enforcement  of  the  Regulation14.  A 
vast  majority  (89%)  of  stakeholders  favoured  new  EU  legislation  strengthening  inspection 
requirements.  Some  of  the  options  proposed  concerned  inspection  planning,  up-stream 
inspections,  training  of  officials  and  the  duty  for  operators  to  produce  evidence  in  certain 
cases  where  there  are  reasonable  grounds  to  suspect  circumvention  of  the  Regulation.  The 
Commission is currently conducting an assessment of the economic, social and environmental 
impacts of possible future legislative and non-legislative measures. 

14 

"Your  Voice 
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/shipments/news.htm. 

in  Europe"  website:  http://ec.europa.eu/yourvoice/consultations/index_en.htm, 

EN 

11 

   EN