REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Annual Report 2012 on the European Union's Development and external assistance policies and their implementation in 2011
Date: 2012-08-06
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: aid evaluation, cooperation policy, developing countries, development aid, energy production, poverty

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 6.8.2012  
COM(2012) 444 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT 

Annual Report 2012 on the European Union's Development and external assistance 
policies and their implementation in 2011 

{SWD(2012) 242 final} 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
  
 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT 

Annual Report 2012 on the European Union's Development and external assistance 
policies and their implementation in 2011 

RISING TO NEW CHALLENGES 

2011 was a year of responding to new challenges and finding new solutions to existing ones. 
The Arab Spring – people-led movements in the EU's southern neighbourhood – led to calls 
for  greater  democracy  and  social  justice.  As  the  situation  evolved  across  the  Arab  world, 
initial EU humanitarian support and civil protection measures were followed up with specific 
strategies  and  assistance  tailored  to  those  countries,  supporting  sustainable  reforms  and 
inclusive economic development. In Sub-Saharan Africa, a package of support from the EU 
greeted the world's newest state, South Sudan.  

As  the  world’s  biggest  aid  donor,  providing  over  50%  of  the  world's  Official  Development 
Assistance  (ODA),  the  EU  and  its  Member  States  affirmed  their  long-term  commitment  to 
poverty  alleviation.  A  Communication  on  "Increasing  the  impact  of  EU  development 
cooperation  –  an  Agenda  for  Change"1  –  highlighted  support  for  reducing  poverty, 
democracy, good governance, sustainable and inclusive growth and the need to deliver aid to 
where  it  is  most  needed  and  where  it  can  have  the  greatest  impact.  This  had  particular 
resonance  given  the  difficult  economic  climate  in  the  Eurozone.  The  biggest  development 
event  on  the  global  calendar  –  the  High  Level  Forum  in  Busan,  South  Korea,  in  November 
2011  –  also  stressed  enhanced  effectiveness  and  co-ordination  and  the  use  of  delivering  aid 
through  national  ‘country  systems’.  The  future  approach  to  EU  budget  support  to  third 
countries2  –  one  of  the  EU’s  most  important  tools  to  give  aid  more  impact  and  deliver 
improved  results  –  accompanied  the  Agenda  for  Change.  The  new  proposals  for  financing 
external  aid  and  development,  part  of  the  Multiannual  Financial  Framework  (2014-2020), 
were published in December 2011, outlining spending plans for the new priorities.  

Agenda for change – modernising EU development policy  

The  two  building  blocks  of  the  Agenda  for  Change  are  on  the  one  hand  human  rights, 
democracy  and  good  governance  and  on  the  other  sustainable  and  inclusive  growth.  This 
sustainable  and  inclusive  growth  will  be  stimulated  through  promoting  social  inclusion  and 
human development, decent work, business and regional integration, sustainable agriculture, 
energy supply and access to energy. A differentiated approach is proposed. This means that 
under the EU's next Multiannual Financial Framework, some countries – notably among those 
who  are  now  donors  in  their  own  right  –  will  receive  less  or  no  aid,  and  will  be  offered 
alternative  forms  of  cooperation.  This  new  approach  will  mean  that  the  EU  will  be  much 
better  placed  to  promote  and  defend  its  core  values  and  stand  by  its  international 
commitments  to  its  neighbours,  particularly  those  on  a  path  to  joining  the  EU  and  those 
undergoing transition, as well as the poorest and most vulnerable globally.  

Other features of the new policy are improved donor coordination, in particular EU Member 
States, to avoid duplication and ensure greater coherence and impact. The EU will prioritise 
sectors with a high impact on poverty reduction such as governance, social protection, health, 

1 
2 

COM(2011) 637 final 
COM (2011) 638 final 

EN 

2 

   EN 

 
                                                 
education, employment, agriculture and energy. In future, bilateral aid to countries will go to 
no more than three sectors3. Innovative tools such as the blending of grants and loans and the 
inclusion of the private sector are also part of the updated policy. 

In  the  context  of  the  revision  of  European  Investment  Bank  external  mandate,  the 
Commission  is  studying  the  possible  establishment  of  an  EU  platform  for  cooperation  and 
development with a view to optimising the mechanisms for blending in the external regions4.  

Energy generates poverty reduction  

Energy  is  important  for  poverty  reduction  –  to  meet  basic  human  needs  such  as  cooking, 
health,  housing,  communication  and  decent  employment.  It  is  also  an  income-generator, 
creating business opportunities. With around €2 billion of grants al located to the energy sector 
in developing countries over the last seven years, the EU is a leader in empowering the world. 
EU  instruments  such  as  the  ACP-EU  energy  facility,  the  Africa-EU  renewable  energy 
programme  and  the  EU-Africa  Infrastructure  Trust  Fund  have  been  used  to  fund  individual 
projects across the African continent. The Commission wants to drive funding levels for the 
sector  up by  incorporating the private sector and development banks in future projects. The 
European Commissioner for Development is part of a high-level group on sustainable Energy 
for  All  set  up  by  UN  Secretary  General  Ban  Ki-Moon  which  is  seeking  to  mobilise  funds 
from all sectors of society to fuel energy-related programmes. Energy is also a core sector of 
the Agenda for Change. 

Budget support – a vector for change 

The  Communication  on  the  new  approach  to  EU  budget  support,  published  in  tandem  with 
the  proposals  for  the  Agenda  for  Change  in  October  2011,  sharpened  the  use  of  this 
development  tool  as  a  vector  for  change.  Budget  support  is  an  aid  modality  which  involves 
dialogue,  financial  transfers  to  the  national  treasury  account  of  the  partner  country, 
performance  assessment  and  capacity  development,  based  on  partnership  and  mutual 
accountability.  The  new  approach  should  enable  greater  differentiation  of  budget  support 
operations allowing the EU to respond better to the political, economic, and social context of 
the  partner  country.  The  EU  will  put  more  emphasis  on  mutual  accountability  and  shared 
commitment  to  human  rights,  democracy  and  rule  of  law  as  well  as  on  transparency  and 
oversight of the budget. 

A new financial framework 

The Commission's June 2011 proposals for the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for 
the  period  2014-2020  were  based  on  the  proposals  for  a  “Budget  for  Europe  2020”5  which 
highlighted the areas where the EU could play an important role in an increasingly globalised 
world. The EU remains committed to pursuing the MDGs and achieving the target of Official 
Development Assistance (ODA) of 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI) by 2015. To help 
achieve these targets, the stepping up of financing for external action within the budget from 
increased roll-out of innovative financial instruments (such 
€56.8 billion to €70 billion and an 
as  loans,  guarantees,  equity  and  risk-sharing  instruments)  aimed  at  catalysing  private 
investment and strengthening institutions in recipient countries has been proposed. It has also 
been  proposed  that  the  European  Development  Fund  (EDF)  for  79  African,  Caribbean  and 
Pacific  (ACP)  states  should  be  increased  from  €23  billion  for  six  years  to  €30.3  billion  for 

3 

4 
5 

with the possible exception of candidate countries and potential candidates to EU accession funded by 
the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance 
Decision 1080/2011/EU 
COM(2011) 500 final 

EN 

3 

   EN 

 
                                                 
seven years (in 2011 prices) and continue to be financed directly by the EU Member States. 

Joined up decision-making 

2011  was  the  first  year  of  operation  of  the  new  European  External  Action  Service  (EEAS) 
under the authority of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security 
Policy  (HR).  In  2011,  the  EEAS  notably  worked  with  Commission  services  on  a  joint 
response  to  the  crises  in  Libya  and  Tunisia  and  the  drafting  on  proposals  on  the  new 
Multiannual  Financial  Framework.  The  global  network  of  140  EU  Delegations  carry  out 
political,  diplomatic  and  policy  work  for  the  EU  and  provide  support  to  Member  States 
through such activities as shared reporting. As some national diplomatic services scale back 
their resources to concentrate on other priorities, the added value of the EU Delegations is in 
ensuring that the EU is properly represented throughout the world. This is not about replacing 
national  diplomatic  services,  but  rather  a  more  cost-effective  and  efficient  use  of  resources 
and strengthening the global role of the EU.  

The Arab Spring – responding to southern neighbours 

In  March  2011,  the  EU  confirmed  its  support  to  help  people  in  the  southern  Mediterranean 
achieve  greater  respect  for  human  rights,  more  democracy  and  a  better  life.  It  offered  “A 
partnership  for  democracy  and  shared  prosperity”  to  southern  neighbours  in  the  context  of 
the  European  Neighbourhood  Policy  (ENP).  This  is  based  on  an  incentive-based  approach, 
supporting partners that are committed to reforms and establishing a closer link between the 
policy  approach  and  financial  assistance  programme.  This  led  to  the  reorientation  of  €600 
million  in  the  southern  Neighbourhood  towards  the  objectives  laid  down  in  the  partnership: 
democratic  transformation;  a  partnership  with  people  and  civil  society,  and  sustainable  and 
inclusive growth. 

An additional €1 billion from the EU budget is be ing made available to ENP partner countries 
to support the implementation of the new May 2011 Joint Communication “A new response to 
a changing neighbourhood”. The largest part of these additional resources (€670 million) will 
be channelled through two umbrella programmes: SPRING (Support for Partnership Reform 
and Inclusive Growth) in the southern Neighbourhood (€540 million for 2011-13) and EaPIC 
(Eastern  Partnership  Integration  and  Cooperation)  in  the  eastern  Neighbourhood  (€130 
million for the period 2012-13).  

The rest of the additional funding has mostly been allocated to higher education programmes 
(Tempus,  Erasmus  Mundus,  etc.)  and  support  to  civil  society  organisations  and  non-state 
actors. A Civil Society facility was set up to build its capacity in both the EU’s Eastern and 
Southern neighbourhood to promote reform and increase public accountability, with a budget 
of  €26.4  million  for  2011.  Another  programme,  ‘Inve stment  Security  in  the  Mediterranean 
Region (ISMED)’ was also prepared to respond to the momentous events of the Arab Spring. 

Around the globe 

To strengthen its ties around the globe in 2011, the EU used and deepened its  full range of 
existing co-operation and trade and association agreements and specialised instruments.  

The independence of South Sudan in July 2011 led to the opening of a new EU Delegation in 
Juba, South Sudan. EU Member States and the Commission agreed to improve co-ordination 
and  coherence  of  aid  by  jointly  programming  €800  million  of  funds 
in  a  single  strategy 
document  2011-2013,  focussing  on  health,  education,  rural  development,  promoting  rule  of 
law  and  improving  access  to  water  and  sanitation.  Out  of  this,  €200  million  came  from  the 
EDF. 

EN 

4 

   EN 

 
Events  in  North  Africa  also  had  both  short  and  potentially  longer-term  impacts  on  that 
region’s southern neighbours, particularly in the Sahel and neighbouring countries. Through 
its  Instrument  for  Stability  (IfS),  the  EU  responded  to  requests  for  immediate  support  to 
stabilisation efforts in this region, including by addressing the livelihood and related needs of 
returning migrants (particularly from Libya) and others. The EU's ‘Strategy for Security and 
Development  in  the  Sahel’  addressed  the  longer-term  security  and  development  impacts  on 
the region. An initial €150 million package of s upport was divided between Mali, Mauritania 
and  Niger  for  development  and  governance  activities,  including  the  strengthening  of 
respective justice systems. The region continues to face multiple and intertwined challenges: 
extreme poverty, the effects of climate change, frequent food crises, rapid population growth, 
fragile governance, corruption, unresolved internal tensions, the risk of violent extremism and 
radicalisation, illicit trafficking and terrorist-linked security threats. 

Food crises in the Horn of Africa proved to be one of the largest emerging challenges in the 
region  in  2011.  The  EU  provided  additional  funds  to  Ethiopia  (€13.75  million),  Djibouti, 
(about €4.5 million), and Somalia (€25 million). A 
new strategic framework for the Horn of 
Africa  was  agreed  in  November  2011  including  the  appointment  of  the  first-ever  EU 
Representative for the Horn, his initial brief focussing on Somalia and the region’s rampant 
piracy. The EU also topped up its support to Côte d’Ivoire, granting the country €125 million 
to help the new authorities under President Alassane Ouattara restore political and economic 
stability. Progress was also made on implementing the second action plan of the Joint Africa-
EU Strategy (JAES) and its eight thematic Partnerships. The Africa-EU Platform for dialogue 
on  governance  and  human  rights  put  forward  proposals  on  natural  resources  governance  in 
conflict and post-conflict situations, backing recent EU measures on more transparency of the 
activities of European extractive and forestry industries in Africa.  

There was a strong focus on the EU’s eastern neighbours in 2011 for whom the EU is viewed 
as  a  partner,  a  catalyst  for  reform  and  a  magnet  of  economic  opportunity.  At  the  second 
Eastern  Partnership  summit  in  Warsaw  on  29-30  September  2011,  the  EU  and  its  eastern 
neighbours  renewed  commitments  with  the  EU  pledging  additional  resources  of  up  to  €130 
million  for  2012-2013  for  partners  committed  to  reforms.  An  international  conference 
organised by Ukraine marking the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear accident resulted 
in  the  earmarking  of  a  further  €550  million 
for  the  programme  to  erect  a  new  safe 
confinement  structure  and  protect  the  population  and  environment  from  the  damaged 
Chernobyl Unit 4 shelter. The EU pledged an additional €110 million under its Instrument for 
Nuclear Safety Cooperation. 

For Central Asia, the EU is seen as a close political ally and trusted partner on whom they can 
rely on in the challenging transition process on which they have embarked, at the same time 
as  offering  economic  opportunities.  At  the  EU/Central  Asia  foreign  ministers’  meeting  in 
Tashkent on 7 April 2011, the two partners renewed their commitment to the objectives and 
implementation  of  the  EU/Central  Asia  Strategy,  with  resources  for  the  period  2012-2013 
aimed at crucial political and socio-economic reforms.  

The EU-Latin America/Caribbean (LAC) Madrid summit held in May 2010 signalled stronger 
political  relations  with  the  LAC  region.  The  first  ever  region-to-region  Association 
Agreement  was  concluded  with  Central  America  and  a  multi-party  trade  agreement  was 
initiated  with  Colombia  and  Peru.  Headway  was  made  too  on  negotiations  between  the  EU 
and  the  South  American  common  market  organisation,  MERCOSUR,  on  an  association 
agreement. 2011 also saw the opening of the EU-LAC foundation’s headquarters in Hamburg, 
Germany, inaugurated in November 2011.  

EN 

5 

   EN 

 
The  EU  also  intensified  its  relations  with  the  Association  of  Southeast  Asian  Nations 
(ASEAN) and strengthened bilateral ties with the bloc’s ten members through the negotiation 
and implementation of bilateral partnership and cooperation agreements (PCAs) and free trade 
agreements  (FTAs).  One  highly  successful  EU-funded  project  for  the  whole  of  the  Asian 
region  is  SWITCH  Asia,  a  multi-pronged  programme  which  is  promoting  sustainable 
production  and  consumption,  funding  a  series  of  small  projects  stretching  across  the 
continent.  It  is  contributing  to  poverty  reduction  and  improved  quality  of  life  (Millennium 
Development Goals (MDGs) 1 and 7) at the same time as promoting the green economy. 

In the Caribbean, there was follow-up to significant number of initiatives launched in 2010. A 
final  draft  of  the  EU-Caribbean  Joint  Strategy,  under  discussion  at  the  EU-CARIFORUM 
Summit  in  2010,  was  prepared  for  institutional  processing  and  it  is  expected  to  be  unveiled 
during 2012. The implementation of the EU-CARIFORUM Economic Partnership Agreement 
(EPA) moved ahead. The long-awaited Caribbean Infrastructure Trust Fund was approved by 
the EDF committee in the form of a Caribbean Investment Facility to be launched in 2012.  

Climate change is the single greatest threat to the Pacific region and is challenging its ability 
to reach the MDGs. As a follow-up to the EU-Pacific Initiative on climate change launched in 
December 2010, the EU Commissioner for development met with Pacific ministers in a high 
level regional conference (Vanuatu, March 2011) which led to a strengthened commitment to 
high-impact development co-operation aimed at addressing climate change, reducing poverty, 
promoting human rights, democracy and gender equality as well as achieving all the MDGs. 
A  Joint  Communication  on  'Towards  a  renewed  EU  Pacific  development  partnership',  is 
expected to be presented by the Commission and the High Representative in 2012.  

Throughout 2011, the EU continued to take the lead in combating climate change on a global 
scale,  pushing  for  progress  in  international  climate  negotiations.  It  delivered  on  its 
commitments  to  provide  fast-start  finance  and  stepped  up  its  climate  diplomacy  activities 
ahead of the UN climate conference held in Durban, South Africa in November 2011. 

EU sources water projects 

Between  2004  and  2012,  272  projects  have  been  co-financed  under  the  ACP  water  facility 
established by the EU to improve water supply, hygiene and sanitation and water governance 
in  African,  Caribbean  and  Pacific  (ACP)  countries.  The  facility  was  originally  set  up  with 
€700 million funding from the EU and a €12 million grant from the Spanish government. 

The wider European Union Water Initiative (EUWI), launched in 2002, continues to seek to 
mobilise  resources  for  water  and  sanitation  from  diverse  sources.  Since  2004,  the  EU  has 
already helped more than 32 million people gain access to improved water supply and more 
than 9 million people to sanitation facilities. Building on the achievements of the EU water 
initiative  and  the  EU-ACP  water  facility,  the  EU  will  continue  to  support  international 
cooperation  and  to  promote  innovative  approaches  reinforcing  the  link  between  water  and 
other sectors such as agriculture and energy. 

In  the  Agenda  for  Change,  the  Commission  stressed  that  new  policies  should  tackle 
inequalities  and,  in  particular,  give  poor  people  better  access  to  land,  water  and  energy 
without  harming  the  environment.  It  has  committed  around  €3  billion  overall  to  activities 
related  to  water  and  sanitation  projects  between  2003  and  2010.  Over  this  time,  EU 
development assistance to the water and sanitation sector has almost tripled. 

Achieving the MDGs 

The annual report 2011 details how the EU projects and programmes are individually helping 
achieve the MDGs across continents and regions. The EU has mounted programmes and has 

EN 

6 

   EN 

 
developed  specific  instruments  to  make  the  MDGs  more  attainable,  including  those  goals 
which  are  most  lagging  behind  –  child  and  maternal  mortality.  In  late  2011  the  first 
component of the EU's €1 billion MDG Initiative, launched in September 2010, was adopted. 
It focusses on countries that are most off-track in their MDG targets. The EU food facility is 
also improving food security and nutrition. By the end of 2011, this €1 billion EU facility had 
funded  134  projects  implemented  by  NGOs  and  EU Member State  agencies, 69  projects  by 
international organisations, three regional projects and ten budget support measures. 

The Agenda for Change also places sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition high 
on the EU's development cooperation agenda. With a view to helping countries reach MDG3 
on  gender  equality,  the  EU's  thematic  programme,  Investing  in  People,  funded  two  major 
gender equality initiatives during 2011: one on women's social and economic empowerment, 
and  a  new  United  Nations  programme,  “Increasing  accountability  for  financing  to  gender 
equality”.  

Strengthening human rights and good governance  

In  2011,  the  EU  used  its  range  of  external  instruments  and  policies  to  promote  and  protect 
human rights and good governance and to combat gender inequality. In December 2011, the 
Commission and the High Representative presented a Joint Communication on “Human rights 
and  democracy  at  the  heart  of  EU  external  action  –  towards  a  more  effective  approach”6. 
While  reaffirming  the  EU's  approach  on  human  rights,  it  aims  to  tailor  the  promotion  of 
human rights to local conditions and envisages ways in which the collective weight of the EU 
could be harnessed. Further, under the proposals on the new MFF, the European Instrument 
for  Democracy  and  Human  Rights,  will  be  strengthened  including  a  proposal  to  step  up 
support to civil society worldwide.  

A sensitive approach to genital cutting 

EU  cooperation  with  the  United  Nations  Children’s  Fund  (UNICEF)  has  had  considerable 
success  in  reducing  the  female  genital  mutilation/cutting  and  child  marriage  that  affects  the 
lives  of  many  girls.  Implemented  by  UNICEF,  the  programme  has  received  a  total  of 
€3 991 000  in  EU  funding  over  the  period  2008-2012.  Targeting  Egypt,  Eritrea,  Ethiopia, 
Senegal,  Sudan  and  India,  it  has  focussed  on  changing  social  norms  and  attitudes  through 
conducting  grass-roots  education  and  discussion  in  rural  communities  around  the  sensitive 
issues  using  the  intermediary  of  respected  community  leaders.  Due  to  such  a  sensitive 
approach,  Senegal  is  close  to  becoming  the  first  country  to  declare  the  abandonment  of  the 
traditional practice.  

Looking ahead 

The  Agenda  for  Change  and  accompanying  proposals  on  budget  support  update  the  EU’s 
external and development policies to take on the challenges of a rapidly changing world. This 
modernised  agenda  seeks  to  focus  development  cooperation  on  support  for  human  rights, 
democracy,  good  governance  and  inclusive  and  sustainable  growth.  Sustainable  agriculture, 
food  security,  sustainable  energy,  boosting  the  private  sectors  as  a  development  partner, 
decent work and social protection floors are important areas in this context. 

There is acknowledgement that the EU can improve its tools to support sustainable change in 
societies  in  transition,  adapted  to  and  taking  account  of  their  situations  and  needs.  Low 
income countries are especially vulnerable to external shocks. To help build resilience against 
shocks  over  time,  the  2011  Joint  Communications  proposed  a  stronger  focus  on  domestic 
revenue mobilisation, strengthened social safety nets, increased efficiency of public spending, 

6 

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0886:FIN:EN:PDF  

EN 

7 

   EN 

 
                                                 
and measures to diversify economies. It will, however, take time for all the benefits of these 
policies  to  be  felt.  The  Commission  will  also  look  at  the  scope  for  applying  its  innovative 
projects such as SPRING to other areas of the world.  

Short-term mechanisms are needed to help developing countries respond to the economic and 
financial impact of external shocks. Building on the experience gained in implementation of 
the  FLEX  instrument,  the  food  facility  and  Vulnerability-FLEX  (V-FLEX)  instrument  for 
countries  coping  with  economic  downturn,  the  Commission  is  developing  additional  shock-
absorbing  mechanisms.  The  achievement  of  the  MDGs,  and  the  framework  that  will  come 
thereafter, will remain a key issue in 2012 in view of the next UN MDG Review in 2013. 

Table 1: Sectoral Breakdown

9. Other/Unallocated : 
admin. costs, 
unspecified,  773 M€, 
6.8%

1. Social infrastructures: 
education, health, w ater, 
government and civil 
society, other , 4 830 M€, 
42.7%

7. Humanitarian aid : 
Emergency response, 
reconstruction relief and 
rehabilitation, disaster 
prevention and 
preparedness, 1 299 M€, 
11.5%

5. Budget support, food 
aid, food security,  213 
M€, 1.9%

4. 
Multisector/Crosscutting : 
environment, other, 1 884 
M€, 16.6%

3. Production : 
agriculture, forestry and 
fishing, industry, mining 
and construction, trade 
and tourism, 1 268 M€, 
11.2%

2. Economic 
infrastructures and 
services : transport, 
communications, energy, 
other services, 1 056 M€, 
9.3%

Commitments 2011 in € million

ODA resources managed by European Commission

EN 

8 

   EN 

 
 
Table 2: European Consensus: Areas relating to EU development cooperation

10. Multi areas, 2 273 
M€, 20.1%

1. Governance and 
support for economic and 
institutional reforms, 2 
003 M€, 17.7%

2. Trade and regional 
integration,  570 M€, 
5.0%

3. Infrastructure and 
transport,  692 M€, 6.1%

4. Water and energy,  

602 M€, 5.3%

5.Social cohesion and 
employment,  730 M€, 
6.4%

9. Conflict prevention and 
fragile states, 2 058 M€, 
18.2%

8. The environment and 
sustainable management 
of natural resources,  499 
M€, 4.4%

7. Rural development, 
territorial planning, 
agriculture and food 
security,  877 M€, 7.7%

6. Human and social 
development, 1 020 M€, 
9.0%

Commitments 2011 in € million

ODA resources managed by European Commission

EN 

9 

   EN 

 
 
Table 3a: 2000-2011 Poverty focus

Disbursements

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

LDC

OLIC

LMIC

UMIC

REGION / UNALLOC

LDC+OLIC

LDC : Least Developed Countries

OLIC : Other Low Income Countries

LMIC : Lower Middle Income Countries

UMIC : Upper Middle Income Countries
REGION / UNALLOC : Regional Programmes and Unallocated

Region/Unalloc.programmes benefit also to poorest countries LDC+OLIC.

In the new OECD/DAC list, which took effect in 2008, a number of OLICs have been reclassified as LMICs: Cameroon, Cape Verde, India, Republic of 
Moldova, Mongolia, Nicaragua, and Republic of Congo.

EN 

10 

   EN 

 
 
Table 3b: 2000-2011 Poverty focus

Disbursements

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

LDC

OLIC

LMIC

UMIC

LDC+OLIC

LDC : Least Developed Countries

OLIC : Other Low Income Countries

LMIC : Lower Middle Income Countries

UMIC : Upper Middle Income Countries

In order to harmonize the presentation of this index with other donors, this index has also been calculated without taking into account 
regional and unallocated projects.

In the new OECD/DAC list, which took effect in 2008, a number of OLICs have been reclassified as LMICs: Cameroon, Cape Verde, India, Republic of 
Moldova, Mongolia, Nicaragua, and Republic of Congo.

EN 

11 

   EN